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1948 Arab–Israeli War - Wikipedia
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id="toc-Armed_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armed_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Armed forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armed_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Importing_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importing_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Importing arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importing_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arms_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arms_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Arms production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arms_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manpower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manpower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Manpower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manpower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Arab forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_objectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_objectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political objectives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_objectives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political objectives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_objectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yishuv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yishuv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Yishuv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yishuv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_League_as_a_whole" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_League_as_a_whole"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arab League as a whole</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_League_as_a_whole-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-King_Abdullah_I_of_Transjordan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#King_Abdullah_I_of_Transjordan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>King Abdullah I of Transjordan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-King_Abdullah_I_of_Transjordan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Arab_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Arab_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other Arab states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Arab_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_Higher_Committee_of_Amin_al-Husayni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_Higher_Committee_of_Amin_al-Husayni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Arab Higher Committee of Amin al-Husayni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_Higher_Committee_of_Amin_al-Husayni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_line-up_of_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_line-up_of_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Initial line-up of forces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initial_line-up_of_forces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Initial line-up of forces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Initial_line-up_of_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Military_assessments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_assessments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Military assessments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_assessments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yishuv/Israeli_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yishuv/Israeli_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Yishuv/Israeli forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yishuv/Israeli_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_forces_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_forces_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Arab forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_forces_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arab_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Arab states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Course_of_the_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course_of_the_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Course of the war</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Course of the war subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Course_of_the_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_phase:_15_May_–_11_June_1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_phase:_15_May_–_11_June_1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>First phase: 15 May – 11 June 1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_phase:_15_May_–_11_June_1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southern_front_–_Negev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_front_–_Negev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Southern front – Negev</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_front_–_Negev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battles_of_Latrun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battles_of_Latrun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Battles of Latrun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battles_of_Latrun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_for_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_for_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.3</span> <span>Battle for Jerusalem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_for_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Samaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Samaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.4</span> <span>Northern Samaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Samaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_front_–_Lake_of_Galilee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_front_–_Lake_of_Galilee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.5</span> <span>Northern front – Lake of Galilee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_front_–_Lake_of_Galilee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.6</span> <span>Palestinian forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.7</span> <span>Air operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea_battles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea_battles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.8</span> <span>Sea battles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea_battles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_first_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_first_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.9</span> <span>End of the first phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_first_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>First truce: 11 June – 8 July 1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reinforcements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reinforcements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Reinforcements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reinforcements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_mediator_Bernadotte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_mediator_Bernadotte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>UN mediator Bernadotte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_mediator_Bernadotte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948_("Ten_Day_Battles")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948_("Ten_Day_Battles")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Second phase: 8–18 July 1948 ("Ten Day Battles")</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948_("Ten_Day_Battles")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southern_front" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_front"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Southern front</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_front-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_Dani" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_Dani"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Operation Dani</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_Dani-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lydda_and_al-Ramla" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lydda_and_al-Ramla"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2.1</span> <span>Lydda and al-Ramla</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lydda_and_al-Ramla-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Latrun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Latrun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2.2</span> <span>Battle of Latrun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Latrun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.3</span> <span>Jerusalem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Galilee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Galilee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.4</span> <span>Southern Galilee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Galilee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Galilee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Galilee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.5</span> <span>Eastern Galilee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Galilee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_truce:_18_July_–_15_October_1948" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_truce:_18_July_–_15_October_1948"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Second truce: 18 July – 15 October 1948</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_truce:_18_July_–_15_October_1948-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Little_triangle_pocket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Little_triangle_pocket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Little triangle pocket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Little_triangle_pocket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_phase:_15_October_1948_–_10_March_1949" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_phase:_15_October_1948_–_10_March_1949"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Third phase: 15 October 1948 – 10 March 1949</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_phase:_15_October_1948_–_10_March_1949-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_front_–_Galilee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_front_–_Galilee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.1</span> <span>Northern front – Galilee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_front_–_Galilee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.2</span> <span>Negev</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglo-Israeli_air_clashes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo-Israeli_air_clashes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.3</span> <span>Anglo-Israeli air clashes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglo-Israeli_air_clashes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UN_Resolution_194" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UN_Resolution_194"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6.4</span> <span>UN Resolution 194</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UN_Resolution_194-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Israeli usage of biological warfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1949_Armistice_Agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1949_Armistice_Agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>1949 Armistice Agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1949_Armistice_Agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Casualties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographic_outcomes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_outcomes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Demographic outcomes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_outcomes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arabs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Arabs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Jews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historiography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Israeli narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zionist_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zionist_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Zionist narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zionist_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Historians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Historians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>New Historians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Historians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neo-Zionist_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Zionist_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Neo-Zionist narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-Zionist_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Palestinian narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Arab narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_narratives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_narratives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Western narratives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_narratives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>In the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_by_involved_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_by_involved_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Works by involved parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_by_involved_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Secondary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancillary_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancillary_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>Ancillary works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancillary_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1948 Arab–Israeli War</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_1948" title="حرب 1948 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرب 1948" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fr%C9%99b%E2%80%93%C4%B0srail_m%C3%BCharib%C9%99si_(1948)" title="Ərəb–İsrail müharibəsi (1948) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ərəb–İsrail müharibəsi (1948)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_(1948)" title="Арабско-израелска война (1948) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арабско-израелска война (1948)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_arabo-israeliana_de_1948" title="Guerra arabo-israeliana de 1948 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guerra arabo-israeliana de 1948" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyfel_Arabiaid%E2%80%93Israeliaid_1948" title="Rhyfel Arabiaid–Israeliaid 1948 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyfel Arabiaid–Israeliaid 1948" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_arabisk-israelske_krig_1948" title="Den arabisk-israelske krig 1948 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Den arabisk-israelske krig 1948" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF-%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_1948" title="Αραβο-ισραηλινός πόλεμος του 1948 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αραβο-ισραηλινός πόλεμος του 1948" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_%C3%A1rabe-israel%C3%AD_de_1948" title="Guerra árabe-israelí de 1948 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guerra árabe-israelí de 1948" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab-israela_milito_de_1948" title="Arab-israela milito de 1948 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arab-israela milito de 1948" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8_%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="جنگ ۱۹۴۸ اعراب و اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنگ ۱۹۴۸ اعراب و اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerre_isra%C3%A9lo-arabe_de_1948-1949" title="Guerre israélo-arabe de 1948-1949 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guerre israélo-arabe de 1948-1949" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%EB%85%84_%EC%95%84%EB%9E%8D-%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="1948년 아랍-이스라엘 전쟁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1948년 아랍-이스라엘 전쟁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C6%99in_Larabawa-Isra%27ila_1948" title="Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaƙin Larabawa-Isra'ila 1948" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="1948 अरब-इजरायल युद्ध – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="1948 अरब-इजरायल युद्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milito_Arab-Israelana_di_1948" title="Milito Arab-Israelana di 1948 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Milito Arab-Israelana di 1948" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Arab%E2%80%93Israel_1948" title="Perang Arab–Israel 1948 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perang Arab–Israel 1948" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_arabo-israeliana_del_1948" title="Guerra arabo-israeliana del 1948 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guerra arabo-israeliana del 1948" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="המלחמה הערבית-ישראלית הראשונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המלחמה הערבית-ישראלית הראשונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_vya_Waarabu_na_Israeli_vya_1948" title="Vita vya Waarabu na Israeli vya 1948 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vita vya Waarabu na Israeli vya 1948" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%C5%B3%E2%80%93Izraelio_karas_(1948%E2%80%931949)" title="Arabų–Izraelio karas (1948–1949) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arabų–Izraelio karas (1948–1949)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_arab-israeliana_del_1948" title="Guerra arab-israeliana del 1948 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Guerra arab-israeliana del 1948" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ady_Israeliana-Arabo_tamin%27_ny_taona_1948-1949" title="Ady Israeliana-Arabo tamin' ny taona 1948-1949 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ady Israeliana-Arabo tamin' ny taona 1948-1949" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_1948" title="حرب العرب و اسرائيل 1948 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حرب العرب و اسرائيل 1948" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Arab%E2%80%93Israel_1948" title="Perang Arab–Israel 1948 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perang Arab–Israel 1948" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parang_Arab-Israel_1948" title="Parang Arab-Israel 1948 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Parang Arab-Israel 1948" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89" title="第一次中東戦争 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第一次中東戦争" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8_%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%90_%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AC%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%87" title="په ۱۹۴۸ زکال کې د عربو او اسرائیلو جګړه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="په ۱۹۴۸ زکال کې د عربو او اسرائیلو جګړه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_%C3%81rabe-Israelense_de_1948" title="Guerra Árabe-Israelense de 1948 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guerra Árabe-Israelense de 1948" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4%D9%A8%D8%A1" title="عرب اسرائیل جنگ ١٩٤٨ء – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="عرب اسرائیل جنگ ١٩٤٨ء" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufta_Arabo-Izraelite_1948" title="Lufta Arabo-Izraelite 1948 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lufta Arabo-Izraelite 1948" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabsko-izraelska_vojna_(1948%E2%80%931949)" title="Arabsko-izraelska vojna (1948–1949) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arabsko-izraelska vojna (1948–1949)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8_%D9%88_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4%D9%A8)" title="شەڕی عەرەب و ئیسرائیل (١٩٤٨) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەڕی عەرەب و ئیسرائیل (١٩٤٨)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_(1948)" title="Арапско-израелски рат (1948) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Арапско-израелски рат (1948)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imi%C9%A3_n_1948" title="Imiɣ n 1948 – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Imiɣ n 1948" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arap-%C4%B0srail_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="1948 Arap-İsrail Savaşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1948 Arap-İsrail Savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Перша арабо-ізраїльська війна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Перша арабо-ізраїльська війна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF" title="1948ء کی عرب اسرائیلی جنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1948ء کی عرب اسرائیلی جنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_tranh_%E1%BA%A2_R%E1%BA%ADp_%E2%80%93_Israel_1948" title="Chiến tranh Ả Rập – Israel 1948 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến tranh Ả Rập – Israel 1948" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceng%C3%AA_Ereb-%C4%B0srailio_1948" title="Cengê Ereb-İsrailio 1948 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cengê Ereb-İsrailio 1948" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF-%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="1948年阿拉伯-以色列戰爭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1948年阿拉伯-以色列戰爭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49092#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second and final stage of the 1947–1949 Palestine war</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the international phase of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>. For the preceding civil war phase, see <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a>.</div> <p class="PIA-flag" style="display:none; visibility:hidden;">This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.</p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">1948 Arab–Israeli War</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp/182px-John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp.png" decoding="async" width="182" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp/273px-John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp/364px-John_Bagot_Glubb_and_soldiers_in_Ramallah_July_20_1948.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_(Eilat)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_%28Eilat%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/102px-Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_%28Eilat%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_%28Eilat%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/153px-Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_%28Eilat%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_%28Eilat%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/204px-Raising_the_Ink_Flag_at_Umm_Rashrash_%28Eilat%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="2204" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:102px;max-width:102px"><div style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg/100px-Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg/150px-Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg/200px-Israeli_soldier_and_Palestinian_prisoners_in_Ramle_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_%28cropped%29.jpg/184px-Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_%28cropped%29.jpg/276px-Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_%28cropped%29.jpg/368px-Israeli_soldiers_in_battle_with_the_Arab_village_of_Sassa_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2614" data-file-height="1645" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><b>From top to bottom, left to right</b>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bagot_Glubb" title="John Bagot Glubb">John Bagot Glubb</a>, commander of the Jordanian <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> with soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></li> <li>Jewish soldiers raising the <a href="/wiki/Ink_Flag" title="Ink Flag">Israeli flag</a> at the end of the war</li> <li>Israeli soldier with Palestinian prisoners during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">expulsion from Ramle</a></li> <li>Israeli forces attacking the village of <a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27" title="Sa'sa'">Sa'sa'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>15 May 1948 – 10 March 1949<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(9 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Former <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a>, Sinai Peninsula, southern Lebanon</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>Israeli victory <ul><li>Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li>Partial <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> victory<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian annexation of the West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palestinian defeat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li> <li>Beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian annexation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Egyptian occupation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></b> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Before 26 May 1948</b>:<br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></b><br /> <i>Paramilitary groups</i>: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haganah_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Haganah_Symbol.svg/15px-Haganah_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Haganah_Symbol.svg/23px-Haganah_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Haganah_Symbol.svg/30px-Haganah_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="278" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palmach.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Palmach.svg/15px-Palmach.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Palmach.svg/23px-Palmach.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Palmach.svg/30px-Palmach.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hish_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hish_Symbol.svg/15px-Hish_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hish_Symbol.svg/23px-Hish_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hish_Symbol.svg/30px-Hish_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1327" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hish_(Haganah_corps)" title="Hish (Haganah corps)">Hish</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Him_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Him_Symbol.svg/15px-Him_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Him_Symbol.svg/23px-Him_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Him_Symbol.svg/30px-Him_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="607" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guard_Corps_(Haganah)" title="Guard Corps (Haganah)">Him</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irgun.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Irgun.svg/15px-Irgun.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Irgun.svg/23px-Irgun.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Irgun.svg/30px-Irgun.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="475" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg/15px-Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg/23px-Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg/30px-Logo_of_the_Lehi_movement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="434" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a></li> <li>Allied <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a> tribes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>After 26 May 1948</b>:<br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/23px-Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/35px-Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/46px-Badge_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="439" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_gdud_herev.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Logo_gdud_herev.png/15px-Logo_gdud_herev.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Logo_gdud_herev.png/23px-Logo_gdud_herev.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Logo_gdud_herev.png/30px-Logo_gdud_herev.png 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="875" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sword_Battalion" title="Sword Battalion">Minorities Unit</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <b>Foreign volunteers:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Mahal_(Israel)" title="Mahal (Israel)">Mahal</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></b>: </p> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="Egypt"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Oren_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oren-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a> (after 22 September 1948) <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a> (after 22 September 1948)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oren_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oren-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Iraq"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Oren_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oren-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/First_Syrian_Republic" title="First Syrian Republic">Syria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oren_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oren-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia_%281938%E2%80%931973%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Kingdom of Yemen"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Morris,_2008,_p._205_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris,_2008,_p._205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Irregulars</b>:<br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arab_Liberation_Army_(bw).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/23px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/35px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/46px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Najjada" title="Al-Najjada">al-Najjada</a></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Galili" title="Yisrael Galili">Yisrael Galili</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Dori" title="Yaakov Dori">Yaakov Dori</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yigael_Yadin" title="Yigael Yadin">Yigael Yadin</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Marcus" title="Mickey Marcus">Mickey Marcus</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/David_Shaltiel" title="David Shaltiel">David Shaltiel</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Avidan" title="Shimon Avidan">Shimon Avidan</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Carmel" title="Moshe Carmel">Moshe Carmel</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Sadeh" title="Yitzhak Sadeh">Yitzhak Sadeh</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Hassan_Azzam" title="Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam">Azzam Pasha</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt"><img alt="Kingdom of Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/King_Farouk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="King Farouk I">King Farouk I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt"><img alt="Kingdom of Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_al-Mwawi" title="Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi">Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt"><img alt="Kingdom of Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt_%281922-1958%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="672" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Naguib">Muhammad Naguib</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah I of Jordan">King Abdallah I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Bagot_Glubb" title="John Bagot Glubb">John Bagot Glubb</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Habis_Majali" title="Habis Majali">Habis Majali</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq"><img alt="Kingdom of Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281924%E2%80%931959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muzahim_al-Pachachi" title="Muzahim al-Pachachi">Muzahim al-Pachachi</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic"><img alt="Second Syrian Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli" title="Shukri al-Quwatli">Shukri al-Quwatli</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj Amin al-Husseini">Haj Amin al-Husseini</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate"><img alt="All-Palestine Protectorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hejaz_%281917%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Salama" title="Hasan Salama">Hasan Salama</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/25px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/38px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg/50px-Arab_Liberation_Army_%28bw%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="290" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Israel</b>: 29,677 (initially)<br />117,500 (finally)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>Egypt</b>: 10,000 initially, rising to 20,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br /><b>Transjordan</b>: 7,500–10,000<sup id="cite_ref-nos_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nos-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Iraq</b>: 2,000 initially,<sup id="cite_ref-nos_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nos-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rising to 15,000–18,000<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br /><b>Syria</b>: 2,500<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>–5,000<sup id="cite_ref-nos_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nos-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Lebanon</b>: 1,000<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Saudi Arabia</b>: 800–1,200 (Egyptian command)<br /><b>Yemen</b>: 300<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><br /><b>Arab Liberation Army</b>: 3,500–6,000<br /><b>Total:</b><br /> 13,000 (initial)<br />51,100 (minimum)<br />63,500 (maximum)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 6,373 killed (about 4,000 fighters and 2,400 civilians)<sup id="cite_ref-politics_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <i>Arab armies:</i><br />3,700–7,000 killed<br /><i>Palestinian Arabs:</i><br />3,000–13,000 killed (both fighters and civilians)<sup id="cite_ref-laurens_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laurens-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1948_Arab–Israeli_War5041" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">1948 Arab–Israeli War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Southern front</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Kfar_Darom" title="Battles of Kfar Darom">Kfar Darom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nirim" title="Battle of Nirim">Nirim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yad_Mordechai" title="Battle of Yad Mordechai">Yad Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Pleshet" title="Operation Pleshet"><i>Pleshet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Negba" title="Battles of Negba">Negba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nitzanim" title="Battle of Nitzanim">Nitzanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_An-Far" title="Operation An-Far"><i>An-Far</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Be%27erot_Yitzhak" title="Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak">Be'erot Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Death_to_the_Invader" title="Operation Death to the Invader"><i>Death to the Invader</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_GYS" title="Operation GYS"><i>GYS</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Avak" title="Operation Avak"><i>Avak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav"><i>Yoav</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun_wedge" title="Beit Hanoun wedge">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Separation_Corridor" title="Battles of the Separation Corridor">Separation Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1948)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1948)">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_naval_campaign_in_Operation_Yoav" title="Israeli naval campaign in Operation Yoav">Naval battles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shmone" title="Operation Shmone"><i>Shmone</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Lot" title="Operation Lot"><i>Lot</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Assaf" title="Operation Assaf"><i>Assaf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev"><i>Horev</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_86" title="Battle of Hill 86">Hill 86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Bir_%27Asluj" title="Battles of Bir 'Asluj">Bir Thamila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%27Auja" title="Battle of 'Auja">'Auja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Sinai_(1948)" title="Battles of the Sinai (1948)">Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(1949)" title="Battle of Rafah (1949)">Rafah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uvda" title="Operation Uvda"><i>Uvda</i></a></li></ul> <p><b>Central and Jerusalem front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kilshon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Kilshon"><i>Kilshon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gesher" title="Battle of Gesher">Gesher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Yitzhak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Yitzhak (page does not exist)"><i>Yitzhak</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battles_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battles of the Old City of Jerusalem (page does not exist)">Jerusalem Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)">Latrun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)#Operation_Bin_Nun_Alef_(24–25_May)" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)"><i>Bin Nun A</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)#Operation_Bin_Nun_Bet" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)"><i>Bin Nun B</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(1948)" title="Battle of Jenin (1948)">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny"><i>Danny</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kedem" title="Operation Kedem"><i>Kedem</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Yoram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Yoram (page does not exist)"><i>Yoram</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ha-Har" title="Operation Ha-Har"><i>Ha-Har</i></a></li></ul> <p><b>Northern front</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Kinarot_Valley" title="Battles of the Kinarot Valley">Kinarot Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_al-Malikiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of al-Malikiyya (page does not exist)">al-Malikiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Namel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Namel (page does not exist)"><i>Namel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel"><i>Dekel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shoter" title="Operation Shoter"><i>Shoter</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram"><i>Hiram</i></a></li></ul> <p><b>International</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Balak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Velvetta" title="Operation Velvetta">Velvetta</a></i></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Massacres</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kabri incident">Al-Kabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantura_massacre" title="Tantura massacre">Tantura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Lydda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima_massacre" title="Al-Dawayima massacre">Al-Dawayima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safsaf_massacre" title="Safsaf massacre">Safsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun_massacre" title="Eilabun massacre">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_massacre" title="Hula massacre">Hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Mawasi_massacre" title="Arab al-Mawasi massacre">Arab al-Mawasi</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Biological warfare</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cast_Thy_Bread" title="Operation Cast Thy Bread">Cast Thy Bread</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>1948 Arab–Israeli War</b>, also known as the <b>First Arab–Israeli War</b>, followed the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a> as the second and final stage of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>. The civil war became a war of separate states with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> on 14 May 1948, the <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_British_Mandate_for_Palestine" title="End of the British Mandate for Palestine">end of the British Mandate for Palestine</a> at midnight, and the entry of a <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">military coalition of Arab states</a> into the territory of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> the following morning. The war formally ended with the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a> which established the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>. </p><p>Since the 1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> and the 1920 creation of the British Mandate of Palestine, and in the context of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">mass migration of European Jews to Palestine</a>, there had been <a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">tension and conflict</a> between Arabs, Jews, and the British. British policies dissatisfied both Arabs and Jews. Arab opposition developed into the <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a>, while the Jewish opposition developed into the 1944–1947 <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish insurgency in Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Palestine</a>. </p><p>The civil war began the day after the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> on 29 November 1947 – which planned to divide the territory into an Arab state, a Jewish state, and the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">Special International Regime</a> encompassing the cities of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>. At the end of a <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">series of offensives</a> that began April 1948, in which Zionist forces had conquered cities and territories in Mandatory Palestine in preparation for the establishment of a Jewish state, Zionist leaders announced the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> on 14 May 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following morning, after the termination of the British Mandate, Egypt, Transjordan, <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Republic_(1946%E2%80%9363)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Republic (1946–63)">Syria</a>, and expeditionary forces from Iraq entered Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invading forces took control of the Arab areas and attacked Israeli forces and several Jewish settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 10 months of fighting took place mostly on the territory of the British Mandate and in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a>, interrupted by several truce periods.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the war the State of Israel controlled all of the area that the UN had proposed for a Jewish state, as well as almost 60% of the area proposed for an Arab state,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramle">Ramle</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee" title="Upper Galilee">Upper Galilee</a>, some parts of the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, the west coast as far as <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, and a wide strip along the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>–<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> road. Israel also took control of <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a>, which was meant to be part of an international zone for Jerusalem and its environs. Transjordan took control of <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> and what became known as the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">annexing it the following year</a>. The territory known today as the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> was <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">occupied by Egypt</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Expulsions of Palestinians</a>, which had begun during the civil war, continued during the Arab-Israeli war. Hundreds of Palestinians were killed in <a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">multiple massacres</a>, such as occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" title="Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">expulsions from Lydda and Ramle</a>. These events are known today as the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> for "the catastrophe") and were the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee problem">Palestinian refugee problem</a>. A similar number of Jews moved to Israel during the three years following the war, including <a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_the_Muslim_world" title="Jewish exodus from the Muslim world">260,000 who migrated, fled, or were expelled from the surrounding Arab states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BennyMorris2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BennyMorris2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg/220px-UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="456" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg/330px-UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg/440px-UN_Palestine_Partition_Versions_1947.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="2838" /></a><figcaption>A proposed separation of Palestine</figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 November 1947, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> adopted a resolution recommending the adoption and implementation of a plan to partition the British Mandate of Palestine into two states, one Arab and one Jewish, and the City of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">General Assembly resolution on Partition</a> was greeted with overwhelming joy in Jewish communities and widespread outrage in the Arab world. In Palestine, violence erupted almost immediately, feeding into a spiral of reprisals and counter-reprisals. The British refrained from intervening as tensions boiled over into a low-level conflict that quickly escalated into a <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">full-scale civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From January onwards, operations became increasingly militarised, with the intervention of a number of <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> regiments inside Palestine, each active in a variety of distinct sectors around the different coastal towns. They consolidated their presence in <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni</a> came from Egypt with several hundred men of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Army of the Holy War</a>. Having recruited a few thousand volunteers, al-Husayni organised the blockade of the 100,000 Jewish residents of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To counter this, the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a> authorities tried to supply the city with convoys of up to 100 armoured vehicles, but the operation became more and more impractical as the number of casualties in the relief convoys surged. By March, Al-Hussayni's tactic had paid off. Almost all of <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>'s armoured vehicles had been destroyed, the blockade was in full operation, and hundreds of Haganah members who had tried to bring supplies into the city were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation for those who dwelt in the Jewish settlements in the highly isolated <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> and north of Galilee was even more critical. </p><p>While the Jewish population had received strict orders requiring them to hold their ground everywhere at all costs,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Arab population was more affected by the general conditions of insecurity to which the country was exposed. Up to 100,000 Arabs, from the urban upper and middle classes in Haifa, Jaffa and Jerusalem, or Jewish-dominated areas, evacuated abroad or to Arab centres eastwards.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This situation caused the United States to withdraw its support for the Partition Plan, encouraging the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> to believe that the Palestinian Arabs, reinforced by the Arab Liberation Army, could put an end to the plan. However, the British decided on 7 February 1948 to support the annexation of the Arab part of Palestine by Transjordan.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although doubt took hold among Yishuv supporters, their apparent defeats were due more to their wait-and-see policy than to weakness.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> reorganised Haganah and made conscription obligatory. Every Jewish man and woman in the country had to receive military training. Thanks to funds raised by <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> from sympathisers in the United States, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin's</a> decision to support the <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> cause, the Jewish representatives of Palestine were able to sign very important armament contracts in the East. Other Haganah agents recovered stockpiles from the Second World War, which helped improve the army's equipment and logistics. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Operation Balak</a> allowed arms and other equipment to be transported for the first time by the end of March.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_21221_The_Palmach.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3402" data-file-height="2382" /></a><figcaption>A Palmach <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a> tank leading a convoy</figcaption></figure> <p>Ben-Gurion invested <a href="/wiki/Yigael_Yadin" title="Yigael Yadin">Yigael Yadin</a> with the responsibility to come up with a plan of offence whose timing was related to the foreseeable evacuation of British forces. This strategy, called <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>, was readied by March and implemented towards the end of April.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate plan, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Nachshon" title="Operation Nachshon">Operation Nachshon</a>, was devised to lift the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1948)">siege of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p116_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p116-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1500 men from Haganah's Givati brigade and <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a>'s Harel brigade conducted sorties to free up the route to the city between 5 and 20 April. Both sides acted offensively in defiance of the Partition Plan, which foresaw Jerusalem as a <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">corpus separatum</a></i>, under neither Jewish nor Arab jurisdiction. The Arabs did not accept the Plan, while the Jews were determined to oppose the internationalisation of the city, and secure it as part of the Jewish state.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation was successful, and enough foodstuffs to last two months were trucked into Jerusalem for distribution to the Jewish population.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the operation was assisted by the death of al-Husayni in combat. </p><p>During this time, fighters from <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">massacred a substantial number of Palestinians at Deir Yassin</a>. The attack was widely publicized and had a deep impact on the morale of the Palestinian population and contributed to generate the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">exodus of the Arab population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the Arab Liberation Army was roundly defeated at <a href="/wiki/Mishmar_HaEmek" title="Mishmar HaEmek">Mishmar HaEmek</a> in its first large-scale operation,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> coinciding with the loss of their <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> allies through defection.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp/220px-Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp/330px-Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp/440px-Haifa_1948_expulsion.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Palestinians being expelled from Haifa, April 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>With the implementation of Plan Dalet, the Haganah, Palmach and Irgun forces began conquering mixed zones. The Palestinian Arab society was shaken as <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Beisan">Beisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a> were all captured and more than 250,000 <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British had essentially withdrawn their troops. This pushed the leaders of the neighbouring Arab states to intervene, but they were not fully prepared, and could not assemble sufficient forces to turn the tide. The majority of Palestinian Arab hopes lay with the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> of Transjordan's monarch, King Abdullah I, but he had no intention of creating a Palestinian Arab-run state, since he hoped to annex as much of the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate for Palestine</a> as he could. He was playing a double game, being just as much in contact with the Jewish authorities as with the Arab League.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In preparation for the offensive, Haganah successfully launched Operations <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yiftah" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Yiftah">Yiftah</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ben-'Ami<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to secure the Jewish settlements of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kilshon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Kilshon">Operation Kilshon</a>, which created a united front around Jerusalem. The inconclusive meeting between <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> and Abdullah I, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Etzion_massacre" title="Kfar Etzion massacre">Kfar Etzion massacre</a> on 13 May by the Arab Legion led to predictions that the battle for Jerusalem would be merciless.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 14 May 1948, <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> declared the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> entered its second phase with the intervention of the Arab state armies and the beginning of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</h3></div> <p>By September 1947, the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> had "10,489 rifles, 702 light machine-guns, 2,666 submachine guns, 186 medium machine-guns, 672 two-inch mortars and 92 three-inch (76 mm) mortars".<sup id="cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Importing_arms">Importing arms</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_(Israeli_Air_Force).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_%28Israeli_Air_Force%29.png/220px-Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_%28Israeli_Air_Force%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_%28Israeli_Air_Force%29.png/330px-Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_%28Israeli_Air_Force%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_%28Israeli_Air_Force%29.png/440px-Avia_S-199_in_June_1948_%28Israeli_Air_Force%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199</a>, June 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1946, Ben-Gurion decided that the Yishuv would probably have to defend itself against both the Palestinian Arabs and neighbouring Arab states and accordingly began a "massive, covert arms acquisition campaign in the West", and acquired many more during the first few months of hostilities.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yishuv managed clandestinely to amass arms and military equipment abroad for transfer to Palestine once the British blockade was lifted. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, Yishuv agents purchased three <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a> bombers, one of which bombed Cairo in July 1948, some <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando" title="Curtiss C-46 Commando">Curtiss C-46 Commando</a> transport planes, and dozens of half-tracks, which were repainted and defined as "agricultural equipment". In Western Europe, <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> agents amassed fifty 65mm French mountain guns, twelve 120mm mortars, ten <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">H-35</a> light tanks, and a large number of half-tracks. By mid-May or thereabouts the Yishuv had purchased from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> 25 <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199</a> fighters (an inferior version of the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a>), 200 heavy machine guns, 5,021 light machine guns, 24,500 rifles, and 52 million rounds of ammunition, enough to equip all units, but short of heavy arms.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airborne arms smuggling missions from Czechoslovakia were codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Operation Balak</a>. </p><p>The airborne smuggling missions were carried out by mostly American aviators – Jews and non-Jews – led by ex-U.S. Air Transport Command flight engineer <a href="/wiki/Al_Schwimmer" title="Al Schwimmer">Al Schwimmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schwimmer's operation also included recruiting and training fighter pilots such as <a href="/wiki/Lou_Lenart" title="Lou Lenart">Lou Lenart</a>, commander of the first Israeli air assault against the Arabs. Several Americans, including Schwimmer, were later prosecuted by the U.S. government for violating the <a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrality Act of 1939">Neutrality Act of 1939</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arms_production">Arms production</h4></div> <p>The Yishuv also had "a relatively advanced <i>arms producing</i> capacity", that between October 1947 and July 1948 "produced 3 million 9 mm bullets, 150,000 <a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills grenades</a>, 16,000 submachine guns (<a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a> Guns) and 210 three-inch (76 mm) mortars",<sup id="cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with a few "<a href="/wiki/Davidka" title="Davidka">Davidka</a>" mortars, which had been indigenously designed and produced. They were inaccurate but had a loud explosion that demoralised the enemy. Much of the munitions used by the Israelis came from the <a href="/wiki/Machon_Ayalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Machon Ayalon">Ayalon Institute</a>, a clandestine bullet factory beneath kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Ajalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajalon">Ayalon</a>, which produced about 2.5 million bullets for Sten guns. The munitions produced by the Ayalon Institute were said to have been the only supply that was not in shortage during the war. Locally produced explosives were also plentiful. After Israel's independence, these clandestine arms manufacturing operations were moved above ground. All of the Haganah's weapons-manufacturing was centralised and later became <a href="/wiki/Israel_Military_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Military Industries">Israel Military Industries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manpower">Manpower</h4></div> <p>In November 1947, the Haganah was an underground paramilitary force that had existed as a highly organised, national force, since the Arab riots of <a href="/wiki/1920_Palestine_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1920 Palestine riots">1920</a>–<a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">21</a>, and throughout the <a href="/wiki/Riots_in_Palestine_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Riots in Palestine of 1929">riots of 1929</a>, <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Great Uprising of 1936–39</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and World War II. It had a mobile force, the <a href="/wiki/Hish_(Haganah_corps)" title="Hish (Haganah corps)">HISH</a>, which had 2,000 full-time fighters (men and women) and 10,000 reservists (all aged between 18 and 25) and an elite unit, the <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a> composed of 2,100 fighters and 1,000 reservists. The reservists trained three or four days a month<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="not true. where is the source? (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and went back to civilian life the rest of the time. These mobile forces could rely on a garrison force, the HIM (<i>Heil Mishmar</i>, lit. Guard Corps), composed of people aged over 25. The Yishuv's total strength was around 35,000 with 15,000 to 18,000 fighters and a garrison force of roughly 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were also several thousand men and women who had served in the British Army in World War II who did not serve in any of the underground militias but would provide valuable military experience during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p25_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p25-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walid Khalidi says the Yishuv had the additional forces of the Jewish Settlement Police, numbering some 12,000, the Gadna Youth Battalions, and the armed settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-Palestine1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestine1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few of the units had been trained by December 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 December 1947, <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> was instituted for all men and women aged between 17 and 25 and by the end of March, 21,000 had been conscripted.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 March, the call-up was extended to men and single women aged between 26 and 35. Five days later, a General Mobilization order was issued for all men under 40.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By March 1948, the Yishuv had a numerical superiority, with 35,780 mobilised and deployed fighters for the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3,000 men under <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, and a few thousand armed settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irgun was eventually absorbed into the Jewish Defence Army.<sup id="cite_ref-Mi5_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mi5-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The activities of Irgun was monitored by <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a>, which found that Irgun was "involved or implicated in numerous acts of terrorism" during the end years of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British mandate in Palestine</a> such as the attacks on trains and the kidnapping of British servicemen.<sup id="cite_ref-Mi5_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mi5-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arab_forces">Arab forces</h4></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, by the end of 1947, the Palestinians already "had a healthy and demoralising respect for the Yishuv's military power" and if it came to battle, the Palestinians expected to lose. When the first violent incidents broke out in Jerusalem on the 29 November, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a>, well aware of their lack of armaments, had called for a three-day strike: the most militant Palestinian group in the city, consisting of 44 fighters, was furnished with 12 rifles, some handguns and a few kilograms of explosives.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The effective number of Arab combatants was listed as growing to 12,000 by<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> some historians<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others calculate an eventual total Arab strength of approximately 23,500 troops,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> and with this being more of less or roughly equal to that of the Yishuv. However, as Israel mobilised most of its most able citizens during the war while the Arab troops were only a small percentage of its far greater population, the strength of the Yishuv grew steadily and dramatically during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_objectives">Political objectives</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yishuv">Yishuv</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a>'s aims evolved during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-morris_1948_397_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_1948_397-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobilisation for a total war was organised.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the aim was "simple and modest": to survive the assaults of the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab states. "The Zionist leaders deeply, genuinely, feared a Middle Eastern reenactment of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, which had just ended; the Arabs' public rhetoric reinforced these fears". As the war progressed, the aim of expanding the Jewish state beyond the UN partition borders appeared: first to incorporate clusters of isolated Jewish settlements and later to add more territories to the state and give it defensible borders. A third and further aim that emerged among the political and military leaders after four or five months was to "reduce the size of Israel's prospective large and hostile Arab minority, seen as a potential powerful <a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">fifth column</a>, by belligerency and expulsion".<sup id="cite_ref-morris_1948_397_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_1948_397-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to research by Shay Hazkani, Ben-Gurion and segments of the <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">religious Zionist</a> leadership drew parallels between the war and the biblical wars of extermination, and states this was not a fringe position. IDF indoctrination pamphlets were distributed to recruits instructing them that God “demands a revenge of extermination without mercy to whoever tries to hurt us for no reason.”.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>, or Plan D, (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">תוכנית ד'</span>, <i>Tokhnit dalet</i>) was a plan worked out by the Haganah, a Jewish paramilitary group and the forerunner of the Israel Defense Forces, in autumn 1947 to spring 1948, which was sent to Haganah units in early March 1948. The intent of Plan Dalet is subject to much controversy, with historians on the one extreme asserting that it was entirely defensive, and historians on the other extreme asserting that the plan aimed at maximum conquest and expulsion of the Palestinians. According to <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a>, its purpose was to conquer as much of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and to expel as many Palestinians as possible,<sup id="cite_ref-Palestine1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestine1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though according to <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> there was no such intent. In his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethnic_Cleansing_of_Palestine" title="The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine">The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine</a></i>, Pappé asserts that Plan Dalet was a "blueprint for ethnic cleansing" with the aim of reducing both rural and urban areas of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a>, the plan specified that in case of resistance, the population of conquered villages was to be expelled outside the borders of the Jewish state. If no resistance was met, the residents could stay put, under military rule.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Morris, Plan D called for occupying the areas within the UN sponsored Jewish state, several concentrations of Jewish population outside those areas (West Jerusalem and Western Galilee), and areas along the roads where the invading Arab armies were expected to attack.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Yishuv perceived the peril of an Arab invasion as threatening its very existence. Having no real knowledge of the Arabs' true military capabilities, the Jews took Arab propaganda literally, preparing for the worst and reacting accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disputed_statement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Disputed statement"><span title="This claim has reliable sources with contradicting facts (April 2024)">disputed</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="Talk:1948 Arab–Israeli War">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_League_as_a_whole">Arab League as a whole</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg/220px-Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg/330px-Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg/440px-Clause_10_of_Cablegram_dated_15_May_1948_addressed_to_the_Secretary-General_by_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1284" data-file-height="2393" /></a><figcaption>Clause 10 of the 15 May 1948 <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> cablegram explaining the reasons for their entry into the territory</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> had unanimously rejected the UN partition plan and were officially opposed to the establishment of a Jewish state alongside an Arab one. </p><p>The Arab League before partition affirmed the right to the independence of Palestine, while blocking the creation of a Palestinian government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Towards the end of 1947, the League established a military committee commanded by the retired Iraqi general Isma'il Safwat whose mission was to analyse the chance of victory of the Palestinians against the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber_2006_p.11_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber_2006_p.11-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His conclusions were that they had no chance of victory and that an invasion of the Arab regular armies was mandatory.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber_2006_p.11_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber_2006_p.11-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political committee nevertheless rejected these conclusions and decided to support an armed opposition to the Partition Plan excluding the participation of their regular armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April with the Palestinian defeat, the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">refugees coming from Palestine</a> and the pressure of their public opinion, the Arab leaders decided to invade Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber_2006_p.11_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber_2006_p.11-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arab League gave reasons for its invasion in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cablegram_from_the_Secretary-General_of_the_League_of_Arab_States_to_the_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" class="extiw" title="s:Cablegram from the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States to the Secretary-General of the United Nations">cablegram</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the Arab states find themselves compelled to intervene in order to restore law and order and to check further bloodshed.</li> <li>the Mandate over Palestine has come to an end, leaving no legally constituted authority.</li> <li>the only solution of the Palestine problem is the establishment of a unitary Palestinian state.</li></ul> <p>British diplomat <a href="/wiki/Alec_Kirkbride" title="Alec Kirkbride">Alec Kirkbride</a> wrote in his 1976 memoirs about a conversation with the Arab League's secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Hassan_Azzam" title="Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam">Azzam Pasha</a> a week before the armies marched: "...when I asked him for his estimate of the size of the Jewish forces, [he] waved his hands and said: 'It does not matter how many there are. We will sweep them into the sea.'"<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Gelber, the Arab countries were "drawn into the war by the collapse of the Palestinian Arabs and the Arab Liberation Army [and] the Arab governments' primary goal was preventing the Palestinian Arabs' total ruin and the flooding of their own countries by more refugees. According to their own perception, had the invasion not taken place, there was no Arab force in Palestine capable of checking the Haganah's offensive".<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber1_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_Abdullah_I_of_Transjordan">King Abdullah I of Transjordan</h3></div> <p>King Abdullah was the commander of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a>, the strongest Arab army involved in the war according to <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Rogan" title="Eugene Rogan">Eugene Rogan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a> in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In contrast, Morris wrote in 2008 that the Egyptian army was the most powerful and threatening army.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) The Arab Legion had about 10,000 soldiers, trained and commanded by British officers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Abdullah,_Jerusalem,_29_May_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/King_Abdullah%2C_Jerusalem%2C_29_May_1948.jpg/220px-King_Abdullah%2C_Jerusalem%2C_29_May_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/King_Abdullah%2C_Jerusalem%2C_29_May_1948.jpg/330px-King_Abdullah%2C_Jerusalem%2C_29_May_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/King_Abdullah%2C_Jerusalem%2C_29_May_1948.jpg/440px-King_Abdullah%2C_Jerusalem%2C_29_May_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>King Abdullah outside the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>, 29 May 1948, the day after Jordanian forces took control of the Old City in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">Battle for Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1946–47, Abdullah said that he had no intention to "resist or impede the partition of Palestine and creation of a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Sela_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sela-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ideally, Abdullah would have liked to annex all of Palestine, but he was prepared to compromise.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supported the partition, intending that the West Bank area of the British Mandate allocated for the Arab state be annexed to Jordan.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abdullah held secret meetings with the Jewish Agency (at which the future <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Prime Minister">Israeli Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a> was among the delegates) that reached an agreement of Jewish non-interference with Jordanian annexation of the West Bank (although Abdullah failed in his goal of acquiring an outlet to the Mediterranean Sea through the Negev desert) and of Jordanian agreement not to attack the area of the Jewish state contained in the United Nations partition resolution (in which Jerusalem was given neither to the Arab nor the Jewish state, but was to be an internationally administered area). In order to keep their support to his plan of annexation of the Arab State, Abdullah promised to the British he would not attack the Jewish State.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The neighbouring Arab states pressured Abdullah into joining them in an "all-Arab military invasion" against the newly created State of Israel, that he used to restore his prestige in the Arab world, which had grown suspicious of his relatively good relationship with Western and Jewish leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-Sela_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sela-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jordan's undertakings not to cross partition lines were not taken at face value. While repeating assurances that Jordan would only take areas allocated to a future Arab state, on the eve of war <a href="/wiki/Tawfik_Abu_al-Huda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawfik Abu al-Huda">Tawfik Abu al-Huda</a> told the British that were other Arab armies to advance against Israel, Jordan would follow suit.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 May Abdullah told the French consul in Amman that he "was determined to fight Zionism and prevent the establishment of an Israeli state on the border of his kingdom".<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abdullah's role in this war became substantial. He saw himself as the "supreme commander of the Arab forces" and "persuaded the Arab League to appoint him" to this position.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through his leadership, the Arabs fought the 1948 war to meet Abdullah's political goals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Arab_states">Other Arab states</h3></div> <p>King <a href="/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt" title="Farouk of Egypt">Farouk of Egypt</a> was anxious to prevent Abdullah from being seen as the main champion of the Arab world in Palestine, which he feared might damage his own leadership aspirations of the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Farouk wished to annex all of southern Palestine to Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> the Egyptian Ministry of Defence's first communique describe the Palestine operations as a merely punitive expedition against the Zionist "gangs",<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using a term frequent in Haganah reports of Palestinian fighters.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2019 study, "senior British intelligence, military officers and diplomats in Cairo were deeply involved in a covert scheme to drive the King to participate in the Arab states' war coalition against Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir-2019_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir-2019-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These intelligence officers acted without the approval or knowledge of the British government.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir-2019_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir-2019-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nuri_as-Said" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuri as-Said">Nuri as-Said</a>, the strongman of Iraq, had ambitions for bringing the entire Fertile Crescent under Iraqi leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Syria and Lebanon wished to take certain areas of northern Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One result of the ambitions of the various Arab leaders was a distrust of all the Palestinian leaders who wished to set up a Palestinian state, and a mutual distrust of each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Co-operation was to be very poor during the war between the various Palestinian factions and the Arab armies.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_Higher_Committee_of_Amin_al-Husayni">Arab Higher Committee of Amin al-Husayni</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a></div> <p>Following rumours that King Abdullah was re-opening the bilateral negotiations with Israel that he had previously conducted in secret with the Jewish Agency, the Arab League, led by Egypt, decided to set up the <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> on 8 September under the nominal leadership of the Mufti.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abdullah regarded the attempt to revive al-Husayni's Holy War Army as a challenge to his authority and all armed bodies operating in the areas controlled by the Arab Legion were disbanded. <a href="/wiki/Glubb_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Glubb Pasha">Glubb Pasha</a> carried out the order ruthlessly and efficiently.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_line-up_of_forces">Initial line-up of forces</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_assessments">Military assessments</h3></div> <p>Though the State of Israel faced the formidable armies of neighbouring Arab countries, due to previous battles the Palestinians themselves hardly existed as a military force by the middle of May.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British Intelligence and <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> military reached similar conclusions.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The British Foreign Ministry and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> believed that the Arab states would finally win in case of war.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Creveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Van Creveld">Martin Van Creveld</a> says that in terms of manpower, the sides were fairly evenly matched.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May, Egyptian generals told their government that the invasion would be "a parade without any risks" and <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> would be taken "in two weeks."<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egypt, Iraq, and Syria all possessed air forces, Egypt and Syria had tanks, and all had some modern artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris,_2003,_p._35_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris,_2003,_p._35-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> had no heavy machine guns, <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, armoured vehicles, anti-tank or anti-aircraft weapons,<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p25_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p25-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nor military aircraft or tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four Arab armies that invaded on 15 May were far stronger than the Haganah formations they initially encountered.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 May, three days before the invasion, David Ben-Gurion was told by his chief military advisers (who over-estimated the size of the Arab armies and the numbers and efficiency of the troops who would be committed – much as the Arab generals tended to exaggerate Jewish fighters' strength) that Israel's chances of winning a war against the Arab states were only about even.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris,_2003,_p._35_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris,_2003,_p._35-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yishuv/Israeli_forces"><span id="Yishuv.2FIsraeli_forces"></span>Yishuv/Israeli forces</h3></div> <p>Sources disagree about the quantity of arms at the Yishuv's disposal at the end of the Mandate. According to <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a> before the arrival shipments from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Operation Balak</a>, there was roughly one weapon for every three fighters, and even the Palmach could arm only two out of every three of its active members.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p25_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p25-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Larry_Collins_(writer)" title="Larry Collins (writer)">Larry Collins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lapierre" title="Dominique Lapierre">Dominique Lapierre</a>, by April 1948, the Haganah had accumulated only about 20,000 rifles and Sten guns for the 35,000 soldiers who existed on paper.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a>, "the arms at the disposal of these forces were plentiful".<sup id="cite_ref-Palestine1_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestine1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> authorised <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a> to transport cargo to Tel Aviv on 13 May.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir2010p22-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yishuv forces were organised in nine brigades, and their numbers grew following Israeli independence, eventually expanding to twelve brigades. Although both sides increased their manpower over the first few months of the war, the Israeli forces grew steadily as a result of the progressive mobilisation of Israeli society and the influx of an average of 10,300 immigrants each month.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> had 88,033 soldiers, including 60,000 combat soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Brigade </th> <th>Commander </th> <th>Size<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Operations </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani</a> </td> <td>Moshe Mann </td> <td>4,500 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">Dekel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Hiram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carmeli_Brigade" title="Carmeli Brigade">Carmeli</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Carmel" title="Moshe Carmel">Moshe Carmel</a> </td> <td>2,000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Hiram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandroni_Brigade" title="Alexandroni Brigade">Alexandroni</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_Even&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Even (page does not exist)">Dan Even</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:דן אבן">he</a>]</span> </td> <td>5,200 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles of Latrun">Latrun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hametz" title="Operation Hametz">Hametz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kiryati_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryati Brigade">Kiryati</a> </td> <td>Michael Ben-Gal </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny">Dani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hametz" title="Operation Hametz">Hametz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Avidan" title="Shimon Avidan">Shimon Avidan</a> </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hametz" title="Operation Hametz">Hametz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barak" title="Operation Barak">Barak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pleshet" title="Operation Pleshet">Pleshet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etzioni_Brigade" title="Etzioni Brigade">Etzioni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Shaltiel" title="David Shaltiel">David Shaltiel</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem_(1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jerusalem (1948)">Battle of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shfifon" title="Operation Shfifon">Shfifon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yevusi" title="Operation Yevusi">Yevusi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ramat_Rachel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Ramat Rachel (page does not exist)">Battle of Ramat Rachel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7th_Armored_Brigade_(Israel)" title="7th Armored Brigade (Israel)">7th Armoured</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Shamir" title="Shlomo Shamir">Shlomo Shamir</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles of Latrun">Battles of Latrun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8th_Armored_Brigade_(Israel)" title="8th Armored Brigade (Israel)">8th Armoured</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Sadeh" title="Yitzhak Sadeh">Yitzhak Sadeh</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny">Danny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Yoav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev">Horev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oded_Brigade" title="Oded Brigade">Oded</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Yoffe" title="Avraham Yoffe">Avraham Yoffe</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Yoav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Hiram</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harel_Brigade" title="Harel Brigade">Harel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nachshon" title="Operation Nachshon">Nachshon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny">Danny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yiftach_Brigade" title="Yiftach Brigade">Yiftach</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a> </td> <td>4,500 inc. some Golani </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yiftah" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Yiftah">Yiftah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Danny" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Danny">Danny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Yoav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Battles of Latrun">Battles of Latrun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Negev_Brigade" title="Negev Brigade">Negev</a> </td> <td>Nahum Sarig </td> <td>2,400 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Yoav</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After the invasion: <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> allowed aircraft carrying arms from Czechoslovakia to land on French territory in transit to Israel, and permitted two arms shipments to ‘<a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>’, which were actually intended for Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir2010p22-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Czechoslovakia <a href="/wiki/Arms_shipments_from_Czechoslovakia_to_Israel_1947%E2%80%9349" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms shipments from Czechoslovakia to Israel 1947–49">supplied vast quantities of arms to Israel</a> during the war, including thousands of <a href="/wiki/Vz._24" title="Vz. 24">vz. 24</a> rifles and <a href="/wiki/MG_34" title="MG 34">MG 34</a> and ZB 37 machine guns, and millions of rounds of ammunition. Czechoslovakia supplied fighter aircraft, including at first ten <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199</a> fighter planes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> agents in Western Europe had amassed fifty 65mm French mountain guns, twelve 120mm mortars, ten <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">H-35</a> light tanks, and a large number of half-tracks. The Haganah readied twelve cargo ships throughout European ports to transfer the equipment, which would set sail as soon as the British blockade lifted at the end of the Mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-onwar_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onwar-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Following Israeli independence, the Israelis managed to build three <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">Sherman tanks</a> from scrap-heap material found in abandoned British ordnance depots.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_(1948).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_%281948%29.jpg/220px-Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_%281948%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_%281948%29.jpg/330px-Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_%281948%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_%281948%29.jpg/440px-Tanks_of_the_Israeli_8th_Armoured_Brigade_%281948%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">Sherman tanks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Armored_Brigade_(Israel)" title="8th Armored Brigade (Israel)">Israeli 8th Armoured Brigade</a>, 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>The Haganah also managed to obtain stocks of British weapons due to the logistical complexity of the British withdrawal, and the corruption of a number of officials.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg/330px-The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg/440px-The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H37168.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Armored_Corps_(Israel)" title="Armored Corps (Israel)">Israeli Armored Corps</a> operated two <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tanks</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yaakov-2014_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaakov-2014-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>On 29 June 1948, the day before the last British troops left Haifa, two British soldiers sympathetic to the Israelis stole two <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tanks</a> from an arms depot in the Haifa port area, smashing them through the unguarded gates, and joined the IDF. These two tanks would form the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Armored_Corps_(Israel)" title="Armored Corps (Israel)">Israeli Armoured Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaakov-2014_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaakov-2014-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BrenCarrierShualeiShimshon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BrenCarrierShualeiShimshon.png/220px-BrenCarrierShualeiShimshon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BrenCarrierShualeiShimshon.png/330px-BrenCarrierShualeiShimshon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/BrenCarrierShualeiShimshon.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Samson%27s_Foxes" title="Samson's Foxes">Samson's Foxes</a> unit advance in a captured Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">Bren Gun carrier</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the first truce, by July 1948, the Israelis had established an air force, a navy, and a tank battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-onwar_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onwar-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the second truce, Czechoslovakia supplied <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a> fighter planes, which <a href="/wiki/Operation_Velvetta" title="Operation Velvetta">were smuggled</a> to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> via an abandoned <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> runway in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, with the agreement of the Yugoslav government.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airborne arms smuggling missions from Czechoslovakia were codenamed <a href="/wiki/Operation_Balak" title="Operation Balak">Operation Balak</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_forces_2">Arab forces</h3></div> <p>At the invasion, in addition to the irregular Palestinian militia groups, the five Arab states that joined the war were <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a> sending expeditionary forces of their regular armies. Additional contingents came from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. On the eve of war, the available number of Arab troops likely to be committed was between 23,500 and 26,500 (10,000 Egyptians, 4,500 Jordanians, 3,000 Iraqis, 3,000–6,000 Syrians, 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">ALA</a> volunteers, 1,000 Lebanese, and several hundred Saudis), in addition to the irregular Palestinians already present. These Arab forces had been trained by British and French instructors; this was particularly true of Jordan's Arab Legion under command of Lt Gen Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Glubb" class="mw-redirect" title="John Glubb">John Glubb</a> (known as Glubb Pasha).<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria bought a quantity of small arms for the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, but the shipment never arrived due to Haganah force intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arab_states">Arab states</h4></div> <p>Jordan's <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> was considered the most effective Arab force. Armed, trained and commanded by British officers, this 8,000–12,000 strong force was organised in four infantry/mechanised regiments supported by some forty artillery pieces and seventy-five armoured cars.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until January 1948, it was reinforced by the 3,000-strong <a href="/wiki/Transjordan_Frontier_Force" title="Transjordan Frontier Force">Transjordan Frontier Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p27_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p27-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As many as 48 British officers served in the Arab Legion.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glubb Pasha, the commander of the Legion, organised his forces into four brigades as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Military Division </th> <th>Commander<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Military Zone of operations </th></tr> <tr> <td>First Brigade, includes: 1st and 3rd regiments </td> <td>Desmond Goldie </td> <td>Colonel </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> Military Zone </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Brigade, includes: Fifth and Sixth Regiments </td> <td>Sam Sidney Arthur Cooke </td> <td>Brigadier </td> <td>Support force </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Brigade, includes: Second and Fourth Regiments </td> <td>Teel Ashton </td> <td>Colonel </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> Military Zone </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Brigade </td> <td>Ahmad Sudqi al-Jundi </td> <td>Colonel </td> <td>Support: Ramallah, <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, and Ramla </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Arab Legion joined the war in May 1948, but fought only in the area that King Abdullah wanted to secure for Jordan: the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. </p><p>France prevented a large sale of arms by a Swiss company to Ethiopia, brokered by the UK foreign office, which was actually destined for Egypt and Jordan, and denied a British request at the end of April to land a squadron of British aircraft on its way to Transjordan, and applied diplomatic pressure on Belgium to suspend arms sales to the Arab states.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir2010p22-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jordanian forces were probably the best trained of all combatants. Other combatant forces lacked the ability to make strategic decisions and tactical manoeuvres,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollack2004?_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollack2004?-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as evidenced by positioning the fourth regiment at <a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a>, which was abandoned by ALA combatants before the arrival of the Jordanian forces and the importance of which was not fully understood by the Haganah. In the later stages of the war, Latrun proved to be of high strategic importance for its access to roads and proximity to Jerusalem, with some of the most successful Arab and Jordanian fighting occurring there.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, Iraq's army had 21,000 men in twelve brigades and the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a> had 100 planes, mostly British. Initially the Iraqis committed around 3,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the war effort, including four infantry brigades, one armoured battalion and support personnel. These were to operate under Jordanian guidance.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Iraqi forces to be deployed reached Jordan in April 1948 under the command of Gen. Nur ad-Din Mahmud.<sup id="cite_ref-Pollack149-155_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollack149-155-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948, Egypt's army was able to put a maximum of around 40,000 men into the field, 80% of its military-age male population were unfit for military service, and its embryonic logistics system was limited in its ability to support ground forces beyond its borders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Initially, an expeditionary force of 10,000 men was sent to Palestine under the command of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_al-Mwawi" title="Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi">Ahmed Ali al-Mwawi</a>. This consisted of five infantry battalions, one armoured battalion equipped with British <a href="/wiki/Light_Tank_Mk_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Tank Mk VI">Light Tank Mk VI</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matilda_II_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Matilda II tank">Matilda</a> tanks, one battalion of sixteen <a href="/wiki/QF_25_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 25 pounder">25-pounder guns</a>, a battalion of eight <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_6_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance QF 6 pounder">6-pounder guns</a> and one medium-machine-gun battalion with supporting troops.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force#Palestine_War" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a> had over thirty <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfires</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a> and twenty <a href="/wiki/C-47_Skytrain" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Skytrain">C47s</a> modified into crude bombers.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Syria had 12,000 soldiers at the beginning of the 1948 War, grouped into three infantry brigades and an armoured force of approximately battalion size. The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syrian Air Force</a> had forty-three planes, thirty-seven operational, of which approximately the ten newest were World War II–generation models.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France suspended arms sales to Syria, notwithstanding already-signed contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir2010p22-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lebanon's army was the smallest of the Arab states, consisting of 3,500 soldiers, of whom only 1,000 were deployed during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p27_120-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p27-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Gelber, in June 1947, Ben-Gurion "arrived at an agreement with the Maronite religious leadership in Lebanon that cost a few thousand pounds and kept Lebanon's army out of the War of Independence and the military Arab coalition".<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A token force of 436 soldiers crossed into northern Galilee, seized two villages after a small skirmish, and withdrew.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel then invaded and occupied southern Lebanon until the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time of the second truce, the Egyptians had 20,000 men in the field in thirteen battalions equipped with 135 tanks and 90 <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first truce, the Iraqis increased their force to about 10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, the Iraqi expeditionary force numbered around 18,000 men.<sup id="cite_ref-Tripp2002p73_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tripp2002p73-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saudi Arabia sent hundreds of volunteers to join the Arab forces. In February 1948, around 800 tribesmen had gathered near <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a> to invade the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, but crossed to Egypt after Saudi rival King Abdallah denied them permission to pass through Jordanian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saudi troops were attached to the Egyptian command throughout the war,<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and estimates of their total strength ranged up to 1,200.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By July 1948, the Saudis comprised three brigades within the Egyptian expeditionary force, and were stationed as guards between Gaza city and Rafah.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This area came under heavy aerial bombardment during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Operation Yoav</a> in October,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and faced a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev">land assault</a> beginning in late December which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(1949)" title="Battle of Rafah (1949)">Battle of Rafah</a> in early January of the new year. With the subsequent armistice of <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements#With_Egypt" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">24 February 1949</a> and evacuation of almost 4,000 Arab soldiers and civilians from Gaza, the Saudi contingent withdrew through <a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Arish</a> and returned to Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first truce, Sudan sent six companies of regular troops to fight alongside the Egyptians.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yemen also committed a small expeditionary force to the war effort, and contingents from Morocco joined the Arab armies as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris,_2008,_p._205_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris,_2008,_p._205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course_of_the_war">Course of the war</h2></div> <p>At the last moment, several Arab leaders, to avert catastrophe – secretly appealed to the British to hold on in Palestine for at least another year.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tucker528_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker528-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_phase:_15_May_–_11_June_1948"><span id="First_phase:_15_May_.E2.80.93_11_June_1948"></span>First phase: 15 May – 11 June 1948</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg/250px-1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg/375px-1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg/500px-1948_Arab_Israeli_War_-_May_15-June_10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="884" /></a><figcaption>Arab offensive, 15 May – 10 June 1948</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg/220px-Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg/330px-Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg/440px-Butterfly_Armored-car_Gvar-Am-israel1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>A "Butterfly" improvised armoured car of the Haganah at <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">Kibbutz</a> <a href="/wiki/Dorot" title="Dorot">Dorot</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> 1948. The armoured car is based on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Military_Pattern_truck" title="Canadian Military Pattern truck">CMP</a>-15 truck. The car has brought supply to the kibbutz. The Negev Kibbutz's<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War#Bad_English._ALL_kibbutz_children_from_the_Negev_were_evacuated,_or_just_those_from_Dorot?" title="Talk:1948 Arab–Israeli War">discuss</a></i>]</sup> children were later evacuated by those cars from their kibbutz, before an expected Egyptian Army attack.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a> became a war between separate <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">states</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">declaration of the establishment</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a> on 14 May 1948, a few hours before the termination of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> at midnight. The following morning, the <a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">regular armies</a> of neighbouring Arab states – <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Republic_(1946%E2%80%9363)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Republic (1946–63)">Syria</a> – invaded territories of the former Palestinian mandate allocated for a future Arab state according to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Through <a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a>, Zionist forces had already, from 1 April down to 14 May, conducted 8 of its 13 full-scale military operations outside of the area allotted to a Jewish state by partition, and the operational commander <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a> later stated that had it not been for the Arab invasion, Haganah's forces would have reached 'the natural borders of western Israel.'<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Arab invasion was denounced by the United States, the Soviet Union, and UN secretary-general <a href="/wiki/Trygve_Lie" title="Trygve Lie">Trygve Lie</a>, it found support from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> and other UN member states.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker528_147-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker528-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial Arab plans called for Syrian and Lebanese forces to invade from north while Jordanian and Iraqi forces were to invade from east in order to meet at Nazareth and then to push forward together to Haifa. In the south, the Egyptians were to advance and take Tel Aviv.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber2006p130_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber2006p130-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the Arab League meeting in Damascus on 11–13 May, Abdullah rejected the plan, which served Syrian interests, using the fact his allies were afraid to go to war without his army. He proposed that the Iraqis attack the Jezreel valley and the Arab Legion enter Ramallah and Nablus and link with the Egyptian army at Hebron,<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber2006p130_151-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber2006p130-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was more in compliance with his political objective to occupy the territory allocated to the Arab State by the partition plan and promises not to invade the territory allocated to the Jewish State by the partition plan. In addition, Lebanon decided not to take part in the war at the last minute, due to the still-influential Christians' opposition, encouraged by Jewish bribes.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Intelligence provided by the <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_France_in_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General of France in Jerusalem">French consulate in Jerusalem</a> on 12 May 1948 on the Arab armies' invading forces and their revised plan to invade the new state contributed to Israel's success in withstanding the Arab invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Zamir2010p21_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zamir2010p21-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first mission of the Jewish forces was to hold on against the Arab armies and stop them, although the Arabs had enjoyed major advantages (the initiative, vastly superior firepower).<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the British stopped blocking the incoming Jewish immigrants and arms supply, the Israeli forces grew steadily with large numbers of immigrants and weapons, that allowed the Haganah to transform itself from a paramilitary force into a real army. Initially, the fighting was handled mainly by the Haganah, along with the smaller Jewish militant groups <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a>. On 26 May 1948, Israel established the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF), incorporating these forces into one military under a central command.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_front_–_Negev"><span id="Southern_front_.E2.80.93_Negev"></span>Southern front – Negev</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nirim1948_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nirim1948_1.jpg/220px-Nirim1948_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nirim1948_1.jpg/330px-Nirim1948_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nirim1948_1.jpg/440px-Nirim1948_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Nirim" title="Nirim">Nirim</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Negba1948Defenses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Negba1948Defenses.jpg/170px-Negba1948Defenses.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Negba1948Defenses.jpg/255px-Negba1948Defenses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Negba1948Defenses.jpg/340px-Negba1948Defenses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="1651" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Negba" title="Negba">Negba</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Egyptian force, the largest among the Arab armies, invaded from the south. </p><p>On 15 May 1948, the Egyptians attacked two settlements: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nirim" title="Battle of Nirim">Nirim</a>, using artillery, armoured cars carrying cannons, and <a href="/wiki/Bren_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Bren carrier">Bren carriers</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Kfar_Darom" title="Battles of Kfar Darom">Kfar Darom</a><sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using artillery, tanks and aircraft. The Egyptians' attacks met fierce resistance from the few and lightly armed defenders of both settlements, and failed. On 19 May the Egyptians attacked <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yad_Mordechai" title="Battle of Yad Mordechai">Yad Mordechai</a>, where an inferior force of 100 Israelis armed with nothing more than rifles, a medium machinegun and a <a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a> anti-tank weapon, held up a column of 2,500 Egyptians, well-supported by armour, artillery and air units, for five days.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptians took heavy losses, while the losses sustained by the defenders were comparatively light.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p56_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p56-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the Egyptian force's two main columns made its way northwards along the shoreline, through what is today the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the other column advanced eastwards toward <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p56_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p56-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To secure their flanks, the Egyptians attacked and laid siege to a number of <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutzim</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, among those Kfar Darom, Nirim, Yad Mordechai, and <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Negba#First_skirmishes_and_battle_of_June_2" title="Battles of Negba">Negba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p56_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p56-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli defenders held out fiercely for days against vastly superior forces, and managed to buy valuable time for the IDF's <a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati Brigade</a> to prepare to stop the Egyptian drive on Tel Aviv. </p><p>On 28 May the Egyptians renewed their northern advance, and stopped at a destroyed bridge north to <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Isdud</a>. The Givati Brigade reported this advance but no fighters were sent to confront the Egyptians. Had the Egyptians wished to continue their advance northward, towards <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, there would have been no Israeli force to block them.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pleshet" title="Operation Pleshet">Operation Pleshet</a></div> <p>From 29 May to 3 June, Israeli forces stopped the Egyptian drive north in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Pleshet" title="Operation Pleshet">Operation Pleshet</a>. In the first combat mission performed by Israel's fledgling air force, four <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199s</a> attacked an Egyptian armoured column of 500 vehicles on its way to <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Isdud</a>. The Israeli planes dropped 70 kilogram bombs and strafed the column, although their machine guns jammed quickly. Two of the planes crashed, killing a pilot. The attack caused the Egyptians to scatter, and they had lost the initiative by the time they had regrouped. Following the air attack, Israeli forces constantly bombarded Egyptian forces in Isdud with <a href="/wiki/Canon_de_65_M_(montagne)_modele_1906" title="Canon de 65 M (montagne) modele 1906"><i>Napoleonchik</i></a> cannons, and IDF patrols engaged in small-scale harassment of Egyptian lines. Following another air attack, the Givati Brigade launched a counterattack. Although the counterattack was repulsed, the Egyptian offensive was halted as Egypt changed its strategy from offensive to defensive, and the initiative shifted to Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 6 June, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nitzanim" title="Battle of Nitzanim">Battle of Nitzanim</a>, Egyptian forces attacked the kibbutz of <a href="/wiki/Nitzanim" title="Nitzanim">Nitzanim</a>, located between <a href="/wiki/Al-Majdal,_Askalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Majdal, Askalan">Majdal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Isdud</a>, and the Israeli defenders surrendered after resisting for five days. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battles_of_Latrun">Battles of Latrun</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)">Battles of Latrun (1948)</a></div> <p>The heaviest fighting occurred in <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem_(1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle for Jerusalem (1948)">Jerusalem</a> and on the Jerusalem – Tel Aviv road, between Jordan's <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> and Israeli forces.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the redeployment to deal with the Egyptian advance, the Israelis abandoned the Latrun fortress overlooking the main highway to Jerusalem, which the Arab Legion immediately seized.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arab Legion also occupied the Latrun Monastery. From these positions, the Jordanians were able to cut off supplies to Israeli fighters and civilians in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israelis attempted to take the Latrun fortress in a series of battles lasting from 24 May to 18 July. The Arab Legion held Latrun and managed to repulse the attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the attempts to take Latrun, Israeli forces suffered some 586 casualties, among them <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Marcus" title="Mickey Marcus">Mickey Marcus</a>, Israel's first general, who was killed by <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>. The Arab Legion also took losses, losing 90 dead and some 200 wounded up to 29 May.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg" style="text-align:center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Handasa-burma001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Building the Burma Road"><img alt="Building the Burma Road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Handasa-burma001.jpg/240px-Handasa-burma001.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Handasa-burma001.jpg/360px-Handasa-burma001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Handasa-burma001.jpg/480px-Handasa-burma001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Building the Burma Road</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burma_Road_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A bulldozer tows a truck on the "Burma road", June 1948"><img alt="A bulldozer tows a truck on the "Burma road", June 1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Burma_Road_1948.jpg/240px-Burma_Road_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Burma_Road_1948.jpg/360px-Burma_Road_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Burma_Road_1948.jpg/480px-Burma_Road_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="860" data-file-height="555" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A bulldozer tows a truck on the "Burma road", June 1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Latroun_(11_juin).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Area map"><img alt="Area map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Latroun_%2811_juin%29.png/240px-Latroun_%2811_juin%29.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Latroun_%2811_juin%29.png/360px-Latroun_%2811_juin%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Latroun_%2811_juin%29.png/480px-Latroun_%2811_juin%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Area map</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>The besieged Israeli <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> was only saved via the opening of the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Burma_Road_(Israel)" title="Burma Road (Israel)">Burma Road</a>", a makeshift bypass road built by Israeli forces that allowed Israeli supply convoys to pass into Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parts of the area where the road was built were cleared of Jordanian snipers in May and the road was completed on 14 June. Supplies had already begun passing through before the road was completed, with the first convoy passing through on the night of 1–2 June. The Jordanians spotted the activity and attempted to shell the road, but were ineffective, as it could not be seen. However, Jordanian sharpshooters killed several road workers, and an attack on 9 June left eight Israelis dead. On 18 July, elements of the <a href="/wiki/Harel_Brigade" title="Harel Brigade">Harel Brigade</a> took about 10 villages to the south of Latrun to enlarge and secure the area of the Burma Road.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Arab Legion was able to repel an Israeli attack on Latrun. The Jordanians launched two counterattacks, temporarily taking <a href="/wiki/Beit_Susin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Susin">Beit Susin</a> before being forced back, and capturing <a href="/wiki/Gezer_(kibbutz)" title="Gezer (kibbutz)">Gezer</a> after a fierce battle, which was retaken by two Palmach squads the same evening.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1275594942"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg" style="text-align:center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1948-Jordanian_artillery_shelling_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jordanian artillery shelling Jerusalem in 1948"><img alt="Jordanian artillery shelling Jerusalem in 1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1948-Jordanian_artillery_shelling_Jerusalem.jpg/232px-1948-Jordanian_artillery_shelling_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/1948-Jordanian_artillery_shelling_Jerusalem.jpg/347px-1948-Jordanian_artillery_shelling_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/1948-Jordanian_artillery_shelling_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="242" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jordanian artillery shelling Jerusalem in 1948</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arab Legion soldier standing in ruins of the most sacred Synagogue, the "Hurva", Old City.[163]"><img alt="Arab Legion soldier standing in ruins of the most sacred Synagogue, the "Hurva", Old City." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg/201px-Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg/301px-Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg/402px-Arab_Legion_soldier_in_ruins_of_Hurva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="466" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> soldier standing in ruins of the most sacred Synagogue, the <a href="/wiki/Hurva_Synagogue" title="Hurva Synagogue">"Hurva"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p218_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p218-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 275px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jewish residents of Jerusalem fleeing during the battle for the Old City"><img alt="Jewish residents of Jerusalem fleeing during the battle for the Old City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg/135px-Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg/203px-Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg/270px-Jewish_Quarter_Refugees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jewish residents of Jerusalem fleeing during the battle for the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_for_Jerusalem">Battle for Jerusalem</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">Battle for Jerusalem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg/130px-Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg/195px-Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg/260px-Prof_Fekete_Rector_Heb_Uni-water-allocation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>Mathematics professor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fekete" title="Michael Fekete">Michael Fekete</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, with his water quota, during the siege of Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <p>The Jordanians in <a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a> cut off supplies to western Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though some supplies, mostly munitions, were airdropped into the city, the shortage of food, water, fuel and medicine was acute. The Israeli forces were seriously short of food, water and ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King Abdullah ordered <a href="/wiki/John_Bagot_Glubb" title="John Bagot Glubb">Glubb Pasha</a>, the commander of the Arab Legion, to enter Jerusalem on 17 May. The Arab Legion fired 10,000 artillery and mortar shells a day,<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also attacked <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> with sniper fire. </p><p>Heavy house-to-house fighting occurred between 19 and 28 May, with the Arab Legion eventually succeeding in pushing Israeli forces from the Arab neighbourhoods of Jerusalem as well as the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a> of the Old City.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1,500 Jewish inhabitants of the Old City's Jewish Quarter were expelled, and several hundred were detained. The Jews had to be escorted out by the Arab Legion to protect them against Palestinian Arab mobs that intended to massacre them.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 May, Arab forces attacked kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Rachel" title="Ramat Rachel">Ramat Rachel</a> south of Jerusalem. After a fierce battle in which 31 Jordanians and 13 Israelis were killed, the defenders of Ramat Rachel withdrew, only to partially retake the kibbutz the following day. Fighting continued until 26 May, until the entire kibbutz was recaptured. <a href="/wiki/Har_Adar" title="Har Adar">Radar Hill</a> was also taken from the Arab Legion, and held until 26 May, when the Jordanians retook it in a battle that left 19 Israelis and 2 Jordanians dead.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 23 attempts by the <a href="/wiki/Harel_Brigade" title="Harel Brigade">Harel Brigade</a> to capture Radar Hill in the war failed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The same day, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Wasson" title="Thomas C. Wasson">Thomas C. Wasson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_the_United_States,_Jerusalem" title="Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem">US Consul-General in Jerusalem</a> and a member of the UN Truce Commission was shot dead in West Jerusalem. It was disputed whether Wasson was killed by the Arabs or Israelis.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In mid to late October 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Harel_Brigade" title="Harel Brigade">Harel Brigade</a> began its offensive in what was known as <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ha-Har" title="Operation Ha-Har">Operation Ha-Har</a>, to secure the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Corridor">Jerusalem Corridor</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Samaria">Northern Samaria</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(1948)" title="Battle of Jenin (1948)">Battle of Jenin (1948)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afulahagana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Afulahagana.jpg/220px-Afulahagana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Afulahagana.jpg/330px-Afulahagana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Afulahagana.jpg/440px-Afulahagana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="312" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>An Iraqi force consisting of two infantry and one armoured brigade crossed the Jordan River from northern Jordan, <a href="/wiki/Gesher,_Israel#1948_Israeli-Arab_war" title="Gesher, Israel">attacking the Israeli settlement of Gesher</a> with little success.<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this defeat, Iraqi forces moved into the strategic triangle bounded by the Arab towns <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a>. On 25 May, they were making their way towards <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>, when they were stopped.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p60-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 May, an Israeli attack against the Iraqis led to three days of heavy fighting over Jenin, but Iraqi forces managed to hold their positions.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p60-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After these battles, the Iraqi forces became stationary and their involvement in the war effectively ended.<sup id="cite_ref-Pollack149-155_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollack149-155-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p60-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iraqi forces failed in their attacks on Israeli settlements with the most notable battle taking place at <a href="/wiki/Gesher,_Israel" title="Gesher, Israel">Gesher</a>, and instead took defensive positions around <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a>, from where they could put pressure on the Israeli center.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 25 May, Iraqi forces advanced from Tulkarm, taking <a href="/wiki/Geulim" title="Geulim">Geulim</a> and reaching <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yona" title="Kfar Yona">Kfar Yona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ein_Vered" title="Ein Vered">Ein Vered</a> on the Tulkarm-<a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a> road. The <a href="/wiki/Alexandroni_Brigade" title="Alexandroni Brigade">Alexandroni Brigade</a> then stopped the Iraqi advance and retook Geulim. The IDF <a href="/wiki/Carmeli_Brigade" title="Carmeli Brigade">Carmeli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani Brigades</a> attempted to capture Jenin during an offensive launched on 31 May, but were defeated in course of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(1948)" title="Battle of Jenin (1948)">battle</a> by an Iraqi counterattack.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_front_–_Lake_of_Galilee"><span id="Northern_front_.E2.80.93_Lake_of_Galilee"></span>Northern front – Lake of Galilee</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deganiatank1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Deganiatank1.jpg/220px-Deganiatank1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Deganiatank1.jpg/330px-Deganiatank1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Deganiatank1.jpg/440px-Deganiatank1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Syrian <a href="/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35">R-35</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">light tank</a> destroyed at <a href="/wiki/Degania_Alef" title="Degania Alef">Degania Alef</a> </figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Kinarot_Valley" title="Battles of the Kinarot Valley">Battles of the Kinarot Valley</a></div> <p>On 14 May Syria entered Palestine with the 1st Infantry Brigade supported by a battalion of armoured cars, a company of French <a href="/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35">R 35</a> and R 37 tanks, an artillery battalion and other units.<sup id="cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollack2002p448-457-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian president, <a href="/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwwatli" class="mw-redirect" title="Shukri al-Quwwatli">Shukri al-Quwwatli</a> instructed his troops in the front, "to destroy the Zionists". "The situation was very grave. There aren't enough rifles. There are no heavy weapons," <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a> told the Israeli Cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tal,_2004,_pp._251_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tal,_2004,_pp._251-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 May, the Syrian forces turned to the eastern and southern <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> shores, and attacked <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a> the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Tegart_fort" title="Tegart fort">Tegart fort</a> and the settlements of <a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaGolan" title="Sha'ar HaGolan">Sha'ar HaGolan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ein_Gev" title="Ein Gev">Ein Gev</a>, but they were bogged down by resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, they attacked <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a> using tanks and aircraft, and on 18 May they succeeded in conquering <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a><sup id="cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollack2002p448-457-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and occupied the abandoned <a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaGolan" title="Sha'ar HaGolan">Sha'ar HaGolan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 May, the Syrian army was stopped at kibbutz <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Kinarot_Valley" title="Battles of the Kinarot Valley">Degania Alef</a> in the north, where local militia reinforced by elements of the <a href="/wiki/Carmeli_Brigade" title="Carmeli Brigade">Carmeli Brigade</a> halted Syrian armoured forces with <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>, hand grenades and a single <a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT</a>. One tank that was disabled by Molotov cocktails and hand grenades still remains at the kibbutz. The remaining Syrian forces were driven off the next day by four <a href="/wiki/Napoleonchik" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonchik">Napoleonchik</a> mountain guns – Israel's first use of artillery during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Syrian forces' defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Degania_Alef" title="Degania Alef">Deganias</a> a few days later, they abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a> village.<sup id="cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollack2002p448-457-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrians were forced to besiege the kibbutz rather than advance.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p60-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One author claims that the main reason for the Syrian defeat was the Syrian soldiers' low regard for the Israelis who they believed would not stand and fight against the Arab army.<sup id="cite_ref-Tal,_2004,_pp._251_174-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tal,_2004,_pp._251-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 June, the 3rd battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanese Army</a> took <a href="/wiki/Al-Malkiyya" title="Al-Malkiyya">Al-Malkiyya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadas">Qadas</a> in what became the only intervention of the Lebanese army during the war, handing the towns over to the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> and withdrawing on 8 July.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 June, Syrian forces attacked Mishmar HaYarden, but they were repulsed. On 10 June, the Syrians overran <a href="/wiki/Mishmar_HaYarden" title="Mishmar HaYarden">Mishmar HaYarden</a> and advanced to the main road, where they were stopped by units of the <a href="/wiki/Oded_Brigade" title="Oded Brigade">Oded Brigade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the Syrians reverted to a defensive posture, conducting only a few minor attacks on small, exposed Israeli settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollack2002p448-457-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palestinian_forces">Palestinian forces</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg/170px-PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg/255px-PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg/340px-PikiWiki_Israel_20772_The_Palmach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3499" data-file-height="4904" /></a><figcaption> Kaukji, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> commander</figcaption></figure> <p>In the continuity of the civil war between Jewish and Arab forces that had begun in 1947, battles between Israeli forces and Palestinian Arab militias took place, particularly in the Lydda, al-Ramla, Jerusalem, and Haifa areas. On 23 May, the <a href="/wiki/Alexandroni_Brigade" title="Alexandroni Brigade">Alexandroni Brigade</a> captured <a href="/wiki/Tantura" title="Tantura">Tantura</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, from Arab forces. On 2 June, Holy War Army commander <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Salama" title="Hasan Salama">Hasan Salama</a> was killed in a battle with Haganah at <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ein" title="Ras al-Ein">Ras al-Ein</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_operations">Air operations</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg/220px-Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg/330px-Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg/440px-Egyptian_Plane_TA_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>An Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a> shot down over Tel Aviv on 15 May 1948</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg/220px-Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg/330px-Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg/440px-Egyptian_bombing_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>Volunteers evacuating a wounded man during Egyptian bombardment of Tel Aviv.</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cite_check plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">citations</a> that do not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">verify</a> the text</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War#gross_source_misrepresentation_in_section_#Air_operations" title="Talk:1948 Arab–Israeli War">talk page</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War&action=edit">check for citation inaccuracies</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All Jewish aviation assets were placed under the control of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sherut_Avir" title="Sherut Avir">Sherut Avir</a></i> (Air Service, known as the SA) in November 1947 and flying operations began in the following month from a small civil airport on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> called <a href="/wiki/Sde_Dov_Airport" title="Sde Dov Airport">Sde Dov</a>, with the first ground support operation (in an <a href="/wiki/RWD-13" class="mw-redirect" title="RWD-13">RWD-13</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taking place on 17 December. The <a href="/wiki/Galilee_Squadron" title="Galilee Squadron">Galilee Squadron</a> was formed at <a href="/wiki/Yavne%27el" title="Yavne'el">Yavne'el</a> in March 1948, and the Negev Squadron was formed at <a href="/wiki/Nir-Am" class="mw-redirect" title="Nir-Am">Nir-Am</a> in April. By 10 May, when the SA suffered its first combat loss, there were three flying units, an air staff, maintenance facilities and logistics support. At the outbreak of the war on 15 May, the SA became the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a>. With its fleet<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of light planes it was no match for Arab forces during the first few weeks of the war with their <a href="/wiki/T-6_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="T-6 Texan">T-6s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spitfire" class="mw-redirect" title="Spitfire">Spitfires</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-47" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47">C-47s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Ansons</a>. </p><p>On 15 May, with the beginning of the war, four <a href="/wiki/Royal_Egyptian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Egyptian Air Force">Royal Egyptian Air Force</a> (REAF) Spitfires attacked <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, bombing <a href="/wiki/Sde_Dov_Airport" title="Sde Dov Airport">Sde Dov Airfield</a>, where the bulk of Sherut Avir's aircraft were concentrated, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Power_Station" title="Reading Power Station">Reading Power Station</a>. Several aircraft were destroyed, some others were damaged, and five Israelis were killed. Throughout the following hours, additional waves of Egyptian aircraft bombed and strafed targets around Tel Aviv, although these raids had little effect. One Spitfire was shot down by anti-aircraft fire, and its pilot was taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_2008,_p._261_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris_2008,_p._261-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the next six days, the REAF continued to attack Tel Aviv, causing civilian casualties. On 18 May, Egyptian warplanes attacked the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Central_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Central Bus Station">Tel Aviv Central Bus Station</a>, killing 42 people and wounding 100. In addition to their attacks on Tel Aviv, the Egyptians bombed rural settlements and airfields, though few casualties were caused in these raids.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_2008,_p._261_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris_2008,_p._261-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the outset of the war, the REAF was able to attack Israel with near impunity, due to the lack of Israeli fighter aircraft to intercept them,<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and met only ground fire. </p><p>As more effective air defences were transferred to Tel Aviv, the Egyptians began taking significant aircraft losses. As a result of these losses, as well as the loss of five Spitfires downed by the British when the Egyptians mistakenly attacked <a href="/wiki/Ramat_David_Airbase" title="Ramat David Airbase">RAF Ramat David</a>, the Egyptian air attacks became less frequent. By the end of May 1948, almost the entire REAF Spitfire squadron based in <a href="/wiki/El_Arish" class="mw-redirect" title="El Arish">El Arish</a> had been lost, including many of its best pilots.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although lacking fighter or bomber aircraft, in the first few days of the war, Israel's embryonic air force still attacked Arab targets, with light aircraft being utilised as makeshift bombers, striking Arab encampments and columns. The raids were mostly carried out at night to avoid interception by Arab fighter aircraft. These attacks usually had little effect, except on morale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg/220px-Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg/330px-Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg/440px-Avia-S-199-IAF-101Sqn-Tel-Nof-Israel-1948-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>An Avia S-199, Israel's 1st fighter aircraft</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg/220px-Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg/330px-Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg/440px-Spitfire-MkIX-hatzerim-1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2591" data-file-height="1021" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli Spitfire F Mk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG/170px-Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG/255px-Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG/340px-Israeli_B-17Gs_01011953.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3060" /></a><figcaption>Israeli B-17s in flight</figcaption></figure> <p>The balance of air power soon began to swing in favour of the Israeli Air Force following the arrival of 25 <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199s</a> from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, the first of which arrived in Israel on 20 May. Ironically, Israel was using the Avia S-199, an inferior derivative of the <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Bf 109</a> designed in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> to counter British-designed Spitfires flown by Egypt. Throughout the rest of the war, Israel would acquire more Avia fighters, as well as 62 Spitfires from Czechoslovakia. On 28 May 1948, Sherut Avir became the Israeli Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the pilots who fought for the Israeli Air Force were <a href="/wiki/Mahal_(Israel)" title="Mahal (Israel)">foreign volunteers</a> or mercenaries, including many <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> veterans.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 June, Israel scored its first victory in aerial combat when Israeli pilot <a href="/wiki/Modi_Alon" title="Modi Alon">Modi Alon</a> shot down a pair of Egyptian DC-3s that had just bombed Tel Aviv. Although Tel Aviv would see additional raids by fighter aircraft, there would be no more raids by bombers for the rest of the war. From then on, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> began engaging the Arab air forces in air-to-air combat. The first dogfight took place on 8 June, when an Israeli fighter plane flown by Gideon Lichtman shot down an Egyptian Spitfire. By the fall of 1948, the IAF had achieved <a href="/wiki/Air_superiority" class="mw-redirect" title="Air superiority">air superiority</a> and had superior firepower and more knowledgeable personnel, many of whom had seen action in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israeli planes then began intercepting and engaging Arab aircraft on bombing missions. </p><p>Following Israeli air attacks on Egyptian and Iraqi columns, the Egyptians repeatedly bombed <a href="/wiki/Tel_Nof_Airbase" title="Tel Nof Airbase">Ekron Airfield</a>, where IAF fighters were based. During a 30 May raid, bombs aimed for Ekron hit central <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>, killing 7 civilians and wounding 30. In response to this, and probably to the Jordanian victories at <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)">Latrun</a>, Israel began bombing targets in Arab cities. On the night of 31 May/1 June, the first Israeli raid on an Arab capital took place when three IAF planes flew to <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> and dropped several dozen 55 and 110-pound bombs, hitting the King's Palace and an adjacent British airfield. Some 12 people were killed and 30 wounded. During the attack, an RAF hangar was damaged, as were some British aircraft. The British threatened that in the event of another such attack, they would shoot down the attacking aircraft and bomb Israeli airfields, and as a result, Israeli aircraft did not attack Amman again for the rest of the war. Israel also bombed <a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Arish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>. Israeli <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress</a> bombers flying to Israel from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> bombed Egypt on their way.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sea_battles">Sea battles</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northland_Color_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Northland_Color_1.jpg/220px-Northland_Color_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Northland_Color_1.jpg/330px-Northland_Color_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Northland_Color_1.jpg/440px-Northland_Color_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption><i>Northland</i> in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> <i>circa</i> 1944 which became the Israeli INS Eilat</figcaption></figure> <p>At the outset of the war, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> consisted of three former <a href="/wiki/Aliyah_Bet" title="Aliyah Bet">Aliyah Bet</a> ships that had been seized by the British and impounded in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> harbour, where they were tied up at the breakwater. Work on establishing a navy had begun shortly before Israeli independence, and the three ships were selected due to them having a military background – one, the INS <i>Eilat</i>, was an ex-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">US Coast Guard</a> icebreaker, and the other two, the INS <i>Haganah</i> and INS <i>Wedgwood</i>, had been <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> corvettes.<sup id="cite_ref-navy_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gershoni,_pp._46–47_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershoni,_pp._46–47-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ships were put into minimum running condition by contractors dressed as stevedores and port personnel, who were able to work in the engine rooms and below deck. The work had to be clandestine to avoid arousing British suspicion. On 21 May 1948, the three ships set sail for Tel Aviv, and were made to look like ships that had been purchased by foreign owners for commercial use. In Tel Aviv, the ships were fitted with small field guns dating to the late 19th century and anti-aircraft guns.<sup id="cite_ref-navy_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gershoni,_pp._46–47_187-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershoni,_pp._46–47-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the British left Haifa port on 30 June, Haifa became the main base of the Israeli Navy. In October 1948, a <a href="/wiki/Submarine_chaser" title="Submarine chaser">submarine chaser</a> was purchased from the United States. The warships were manned by former merchant seamen, former crewmembers of Aliyah Bet ships, Israelis who had served in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> during World War II, and foreign volunteers. The newly refurbished and crewed warships served on coastal patrol duties and bombarded Egyptian coastal installations in and around the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> area all the way to <a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-navy_186-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gershoni,_pp._46–47_187-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershoni,_pp._46–47-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="End_of_the_first_phase">End of the first phase</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_Military_Situation,_June_11,_1948,_Truman_Papers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Palestine_Military_Situation%2C_June_11%2C_1948%2C_Truman_Papers.jpg/220px-Palestine_Military_Situation%2C_June_11%2C_1948%2C_Truman_Papers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Palestine_Military_Situation%2C_June_11%2C_1948%2C_Truman_Papers.jpg/330px-Palestine_Military_Situation%2C_June_11%2C_1948%2C_Truman_Papers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Palestine_Military_Situation%2C_June_11%2C_1948%2C_Truman_Papers.jpg/440px-Palestine_Military_Situation%2C_June_11%2C_1948%2C_Truman_Papers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>The Palestine Military Situation, 11 June 1948. Truman Papers</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the following days, the Arabs were only able to make limited gains due to fierce Israeli resistance, and were quickly driven off their new holdings by Israeli counterattacks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As the war progressed, the IDF managed to field more troops than the Arab forces. In July 1948, the IDF had 63,000 troops; by early spring 1949, they had 115,000. The Arab armies had an estimated 40,000 troops in July 1948, rising to 55,000 in October 1948, and slightly more by the spring of 1949.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Upon the implementation of the truce, the IDF had control over nine Arab cities and towns or mixed cities and towns: New <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baysan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baysan">Baysan</a> (Beit She'an), <a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="Yibna">Yibna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a>). Another city, <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, was not occupied but its residents fled. The combined Arab forces captured 14 Jewish settlement points, but only one of them, <a href="/wiki/Mishmar_HaYarden" title="Mishmar HaYarden">Mishmar HaYarden</a>, was in the territory of the proposed Jewish State according to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">Resolution 181</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-statsgelber_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statsgelber-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the boundaries of the proposed Jewish state, there were twelve Arab villages which opposed Jewish control or were captured by the invading Arab armies, and in addition to them, the <a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lod Airport">Lod Airport</a> and pumping station near <a href="/wiki/Antipatris" title="Antipatris">Antipatris</a>, which were within the boundaries of the proposed Jewish state, were under the control of the Arabs. The IDF captured about 50 large Arab villages outside of the boundaries of the proposed Jewish State and a larger number of hamlets and Bedouin encampments. 350 square kilometres of the proposed Jewish State were under the control of the Arab forces, while 700 square kilometres of the proposed Arab State were under the control of the IDF. This figure ignores the Negev desert which was not under any absolute control of either side.<sup id="cite_ref-statsgelber_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statsgelber-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the period between the invasion and the first truce the Syrian army had 315 of its men killed and 400–500 injured; the Iraqi expeditionary force had 200 of its men killed and 500 injured; the Jordanian Arab Legion had 300 of its men killed and 400–500 injured (including irregulars and Palestinian volunteers fighting under the Jordanians); the Egyptian army had 600 of its men killed and 1,400 injured (including irregulars from the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>); the ALA, which returned to fight in early June, had 100 of its men killed or injured. 800 Jews were taken hostage by the Arabs and 1,300 Arabs were taken hostage by the Jews, mostly Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-statsgelber_188-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statsgelber-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_truce:_11_June_–_8_July_1948"><span id="First_truce:_11_June_.E2.80.93_8_July_1948"></span>First truce: 11 June – 8 July 1948</h3></div> <p>The UN declared a truce on 29 May, which came into effect on 11 June and lasted 28 days. The truce was designed to last 28 days and an arms embargo was declared with the intention that neither side would make any gains from the truce. Neither side respected the truce; both found ways around the restrictions placed on them.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the Israelis and the Arabs used this time to improve their positions, a direct violation of the terms of the ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reinforcements">Reinforcements</h4></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Israeli Forces 1948<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>Initial strength </td> <td>29,677 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 June </td> <td>40,825 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 July </td> <td>63,586 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 October </td> <td>88,033 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 October </td> <td>92,275 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 December </td> <td>106,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 December </td> <td>107,652 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 December </td> <td>108,300 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the time of the truce, the British view was that "the Jews are too weak in armament to achieve spectacular success".<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the truce commenced, a British officer stationed in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> stated that the four-week-long truce "would certainly be exploited by the Jews to continue military training and reorganization while the Arabs would waste [them] feuding over the future divisions of the spoils".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the truce, the Israelis sought to bolster their forces by massive import of arms.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IDF was able to <a href="/wiki/Arms_shipments_from_Czechoslovakia_to_Israel_1947%E2%80%931949" class="mw-redirect" title="Arms shipments from Czechoslovakia to Israel 1947–1949">acquire weapons from Czechoslovakia</a> as well as improve training of forces and reorganisation of the army during this time. <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, an IDF commander at the time of the war and later Israel's fifth Prime Minister, stated "[w]ithout the arms from Czechoslovakia... it is very doubtful whether we would have been able to conduct the war".<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Israeli army increased its manpower from approximately 30,000–35,000 men to almost 65,000 during the truce due to mobilisation and the constant immigration into Israel. It was also able to increase its arms supply to more than 25,000 rifles, 5,000 machine guns, and fifty million bullets.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as violating the arms and personnel embargo, they also sent fresh units to the front lines, much as their Arab enemies did.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg/220px-Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg/330px-Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg/440px-Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption><i>Altalena</i> burning near Tel Aviv beach</figcaption></figure> <p>During the truce, Irgun attempted to bring in a private arms shipment aboard a ship called <i><a href="/wiki/Altalena_Affair" title="Altalena Affair">Altalena</a></i>. Fearing a coup by the Irgun (at the time the IDF was in the process of integrating various pre-independence political factions), Ben-Gurion ordered that the arms be confiscated by force. After some miscommunication, the army was ordered by Ben-Gurion to sink the ship. Sixteen Irgun members and three IDF soldiers were killed in the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UN_mediator_Bernadotte">UN mediator Bernadotte</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Folke-Bernadotte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Folke-Bernadotte.jpg/170px-Folke-Bernadotte.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Folke-Bernadotte.jpg/255px-Folke-Bernadotte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Folke-Bernadotte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>UN Palestine mediator, <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a>, assassinated in September 1948 by the militant group <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> was overseen by UN mediator <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a> and a team of UN Observers made up of army officers from Belgium, United States, Sweden and France.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bernadotte was voted in by the General Assembly to "assure the safety of the holy places, to safeguard the well-being of the population, and to promote 'a peaceful adjustment of the future situation of Palestine<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a> reported: </p> <blockquote><p> During the period of the truce, three violations occurred ... of such a serious nature: </p><ol><li>the attempt by ...the Irgun Zvai Leumi to bring war materials and immigrants, including men of military age, into Palestine aboard the ship <i>Altalena</i> on 21 June...</li> <li>Another truce violation occurred through the refusal of Egyptian forces to permit the passage of relief convoys to Jewish settlements in the Negeb...</li> <li>The third violation of the truce arose as a result of the failure of the Transjordan and Iraqi forces to permit the flow of water to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></blockquote> <p>After the truce was in place, Bernadotte began to address the issue of achieving a political settlement. The main obstacles in his opinion were "the Arab world's continued rejection of the existence of a Jewish state, whatever its borders; Israel's new 'philosophy', based on its increasing military strength, of ignoring the partition boundaries and conquering what additional territory it could; and the emerging Palestinian Arab refugee problem".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taking all the issues into account, Bernadotte presented a new partition plan. He proposed there be a Palestinian Arab state alongside Israel and that a "Union" "be established between the two sovereign states of Israel and Jordan (which now included the West Bank); that the Negev, or part of it, be included in the Arab state and that Western Galilee, or part of it, be included in Israel; that the whole of Jerusalem be part of the Arab state, with the Jewish areas enjoying municipal autonomy and that Lydda Airport and Haifa be 'free ports' – presumably free of Israeli or Arab sovereignty".<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel rejected the proposal, in particular the aspect of losing control of Jerusalem, but they did agree to extend the truce for another month. The Arabs rejected both the extension of the truce and the proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_phase:_8–18_July_1948_("Ten_Day_Battles")"><span id="Second_phase:_8.E2.80.9318_July_1948_.28.22Ten_Day_Battles.22.29"></span>Second phase: 8–18 July 1948 ("Ten Day Battles")</h3></div> <p>On 8 July, the day before the expiration of the truce, Egyptian forces under General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naguib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Naguib">Muhammad Naguib</a> renewed the war by <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Negba#Battle_of_July_12" title="Battles of Negba">attacking Negba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, Israeli air forces launched a simultaneous offensive on all three fronts, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Quneitra" title="Quneitra">Quneitra</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Arish</a> and the Egyptian air force bombed the city of Tel Aviv.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the fighting, the Israelis were able to open a lifeline to a number of besieged kibbutzim.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fighting continued for ten days until the UN Security Council issued the Second Truce on 18 July. During those 10 days, the fighting was dominated by large-scale Israeli offensives and a defensive posture from the Arab side.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_front">Southern front</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_An-Far" title="Operation An-Far">Operation An-Far</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Death_to_the_Invader" title="Operation Death to the Invader">Operation Death to the Invader</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6pdr-Aibdis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/6pdr-Aibdis.jpg/220px-6pdr-Aibdis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/6pdr-Aibdis.jpg/330px-6pdr-Aibdis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/6pdr-Aibdis.jpg/440px-6pdr-Aibdis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>An Egyptian artillery piece captured by battalion 53 of the <a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati Brigade</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the south, the IDF carried out several offensives, including <a href="/wiki/Operation_An-Far" title="Operation An-Far">Operation An-Far</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Death_to_the_Invader" title="Operation Death to the Invader">Operation Death to the Invader</a>. The task of the 11th Brigades's 1st Battalion on the southern flank was to capture villages, and its operation ran smoothly, with but little resistance from local irregulars. According to Amnon Neumann, a <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a> veteran of the Southern front, hardly any Arab villages in the south fought back, due to the miserable poverty of their means and lack of weapons, and suffered expulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What slight resistance was offered was quelled by an artillery barrage, followed by the storming of the village, whose residents were expelled and houses destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Negba" title="Battles of Negba">Battles of Negba</a></div> <p>On 12 July, the Egyptians launched an offensive action, and again attacked <a href="/wiki/Negba" title="Negba">Negba</a>, which they had previously failed to capture, using three infantry battalions, an armoured battalion, and an artillery regiment. In the battle that followed, the Egyptians were repulsed, suffering 200–300 casualties, while the Israelis lost 5 dead and 16 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After failing to take Negba, the Egyptians turned their attention to more isolated settlements and positions. On 14 July, an Egyptian attack on <a href="/wiki/Gal_On" title="Gal On">Gal On</a> was driven off by a minefield and by resistance from Gal On's residents.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Be%27erot_Yitzhak" title="Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak">Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak</a></div> <p>The Egyptians then assaulted the lightly defended village of <a href="/wiki/Be%27erot_Yitzhak" title="Be'erot Yitzhak">Be'erot Yitzhak</a>. The Egyptians managed to penetrate the village perimeter, but the defenders concentrated in an inner position in the village and fought off the Egyptian advance until IDF reinforcements arrived and drove out the attackers. The Egyptians suffered an estimated 200 casualties, while the Israelis had 17 dead and 15 wounded. The battle was one of Egypt's last offensive actions during the war, and the Egyptians did not attack any Israeli villages following this battle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_Dani">Operation Dani</h4></div> <p>Israeli <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dani" title="Operation Dani">Operation Dani</a> was the most important Israeli offensive, aimed at securing and enlarging the corridor between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv by capturing the roadside cities <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a> (Lydda) and <a href="/wiki/Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramle">Ramle</a>. In a second planned stage of the operation the fortified positions of <a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">Latrun</a> – overlooking the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway – and the city of <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> were also to be captured. <a href="/wiki/Al-Haditha,_Ramle" title="Al-Haditha, Ramle">Hadita</a>, near Latrun, was captured by the Israelis at a cost of nine dead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The objectives of Operation Dani were to capture territory east of Tel Aviv and then to push inland and relieve the Jewish population and forces in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Lydda had become an important military center in the region, lending support to Arab military activities elsewhere, and Ramle was one of the main obstacles blocking Jewish transportation. Lydda was defended by a local militia of around 1,000 residents, with an <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> contingent of 125–300.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 July, <a href="/wiki/Glubb_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Glubb Pasha">Glubb Pasha</a> ordered the defending <a href="/wiki/Arab_Legion" title="Arab Legion">Arab Legion</a> troops to "make arrangements...for a phony war".<sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Lydda_and_al-Ramla">Lydda and al-Ramla</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" title="Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a></div> <p>The IDF forces gathered to attack the city numbered around 8,000. It was the first operation where several brigades were involved. The city was attacked from the north via <a href="/wiki/Majdal_al-Sadiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Majdal al-Sadiq">Majdal al-Sadiq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Muzayri%27a" title="Al-Muzayri'a">al-Muzayri'a</a>, and from the east via <a href="/wiki/Khulda" title="Khulda">Khulda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qubab" title="Al-Qubab">al-Qubab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jimzu" title="Jimzu">Jimzu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniyal" title="Daniyal">Daniyal</a>. Bombers were also used for the first time in the conflict to bombard the city. The IDF captured the city on 11 July.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_Arab-Israeli_War_(997008136589405171)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1948_Arab-Israeli_War_%28997008136589405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-1948_Arab-Israeli_War_%28997008136589405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1948_Arab-Israeli_War_%28997008136589405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-1948_Arab-Israeli_War_%28997008136589405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/1948_Arab-Israeli_War_%28997008136589405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-1948_Arab-Israeli_War_%28997008136589405171%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli soldier with detained Palestinians in Ramle, July 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>The civilian <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" title="Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">populations of Lydda and Ramle (50,000-70,000 people) were violently expelled</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of Palestinians were killed in multiple mass killing events in Lydda, and many were expelled without the provision of transport vehicles, as had been done in Ramle; many of the evictees died on the long walk under the hot July sun.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Battle_of_Latrun">Battle of Latrun</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Latrun_(1948)" title="Battles of Latrun (1948)">Battles of Latrun (1948)</a></div> <p>On 15–16 July, an attack on Latrun took place but did not manage to occupy the fort.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A desperate second attempt occurred on 18 July by units from the <a href="/wiki/Yiftach_Brigade" title="Yiftach Brigade">Yiftach Brigade</a> equipped with armoured vehicles, including two <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tanks</a>, but that attack also failed. Despite the second truce, which began on 18 July, the Israeli efforts to conquer Latrun continued until 20 July.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Kedem" title="Operation Kedem">Operation Kedem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_2184_1948_war_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Etzioni_Brigade" title="Etzioni Brigade">Beit Horon Battalion</a> soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Compound" title="Russian Compound">Russian Compound</a> in Jerusalem, 1948</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kedem" title="Operation Kedem">Operation Kedem</a>'s aim was to secure the Old City of Jerusalem, but fewer resources were allocated. The operation failed.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally the operation was to begin on 8 July, immediately after the first truce, by <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> forces. However, it was delayed by <a href="/wiki/David_Shaltiel" title="David Shaltiel">David Shaltiel</a>, possibly because he did not trust their ability after their failure to capture <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin" title="Deir Yassin">Deir Yassin</a> without Haganah assistance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Irgun forces commanded by <a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Lapidot" title="Yehuda Lapidot">Yehuda Lapidot</a> were to break through at the <a href="/wiki/New_Gate" title="New Gate">New Gate</a>, Lehi was to break through the wall stretching from the New Gate to the <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Gate" title="Jaffa Gate">Jaffa Gate</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Etzioni_Brigade" title="Etzioni Brigade">Beit Horon Battalion</a> was to strike from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The battle was planned to begin on the <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>, at 20:00 on 16 July, two days before the second ceasefire of the war. The plan went wrong from the beginning and was postponed first to 23:00 and then to midnight. It was not until 02:30 that the battle actually began. The Irgun managed to break through at the New Gate, but the other forces failed in their missions. At 05:45 on 17 July, Shaltiel ordered a retreat and to cease hostilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 14 July 1948, Irgun occupied the Arab village of <a href="/wiki/Malha" title="Malha">Malha</a> after a fierce battle. Several hours later, the Arabs launched a counterattack, but Israeli reinforcements arrived, and the village was retaken at a cost of 17 dead.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_Galilee">Southern Galilee</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">Operation Dekel</a></div> <p>The second plan was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">Operation Dekel</a>, which was aimed at capturing the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a> including <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a>. Nazareth was captured on 16 July, and by the time the second truce took effect at 19:00 18 July, the whole Lower Galilee from Haifa Bay to the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> was captured by Israel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eastern_Galilee">Eastern Galilee</h4></div> <p>Operation Brosh was launched in a failed attempt to dislodge Syrian forces from the Eastern Galilee and the Benot Yaakov Bridge. During the operation, 200 Syrians and 100 Israelis were killed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_truce:_18_July_–_15_October_1948"><span id="Second_truce:_18_July_.E2.80.93_15_October_1948"></span>Second truce: 18 July – 15 October 1948</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a></div> <p>At 19:00 on 18 July, the second truce of the conflict went into effect after intense diplomatic efforts by the UN. </p><p>On 16 September, Count <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a> proposed a new partition for Palestine in which the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> would be divided between Jordan and Egypt, and Jordan would annexe <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>. There would be a Jewish state in the whole of <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, with the frontier running from Faluja northeast towards Ramla and Lydda. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> would be internationalised, with municipal autonomy for the city's Jewish and Arab inhabitants, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Haifa" title="Port of Haifa">Port of Haifa</a> would be a free port, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Gurion International Airport">Lydda Airport</a> would be a free airport. All <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> would be granted the <a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a>, and those who chose not to return would be compensated for lost property. The UN would control and regulate Jewish immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plan was once again rejected by both sides. On the next day, 17 September, Bernadotte was <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte#Assassination" title="Folke Bernadotte">assassinated</a> in Jerusalem by the militant Zionist group <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a>. A four-man team ambushed Bernadotte's motorcade in Jerusalem, killing him and a French UN observer sitting next to him. Lehi saw Bernadotte as a British and Arab puppet, and thus a serious threat to the emerging State of Israel, and feared that the provisional Israeli government would accept the plan, which it considered disastrous. Unbeknownst to Lehi, the government had already decided to reject it and resume combat in a month. Bernadotte's deputy, American <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a>, replaced him.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 September 1948, the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_State_Council" title="Provisional State Council">Provisional State Council</a> of Israel passed the Area of Jurisdiction and Powers Ordnance, 5708–1948. The law officially added to Israel's size by annexing all land it had captured since the war began. It also declared that from then on, any part of Palestine captured by the Israeli army would automatically become part of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Little_triangle_pocket">Little triangle pocket</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shoter" title="Operation Shoter">Operation Shoter</a></div> <p>The Arab villagers of the area known as the "<a href="/wiki/Triangle_(Israel)" title="Triangle (Israel)">Little Triangle</a>" south of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> repeatedly fired at Israeli traffic along the main road from <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> to Haifa and were supplied by the Iraqis from northern Samaria.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p298_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p298-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sniping at traffic continued during the Second Truce. The poorly planned assaults on 18 June and 8 July had failed to dislodge Arab militia from their superior positions. The Israelis launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shoter" title="Operation Shoter">Operation Shoter</a> on 24 July in order to gain control of the main road to Haifa and to destroy all the enemy in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p298_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p298-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli assaults on 24 and 25 July were beaten back with stiff resistance. The Israelis then broke the Arab defences with a combined infantry and armour assault backed by heavy shelling and bombing. Three Arab villages surrendered, and most of the inhabitants fled before and during the attack. The Israeli soldiers and aircraft struck one of the Arab retreat routes, killing 60 Arab soldiers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Summary of problem (December 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War#the_article_has_POV_and_"dubious"_problems" title="Talk:1948 Arab–Israeli War">discuss</a></i>]</sup>. Most of the inhabitants fled before and during the attack, reaching northern Samaria; hundreds were forcibly expelled during the following days. At least a hundred militiamen and civilians were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p298_211-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p298-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arabs claimed that the Israelis had massacred Arab civilians, but the Israelis rejected the claims.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Summary of problem (December 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War#the_article_has_POV_and_"dubious"_problems" title="Talk:1948 Arab–Israeli War">discuss</a></i>]</sup> A United Nations investigation found no evidence of a massacre. Following the operation, the Tel Aviv-Haifa road was opened to Israeli military and civilian traffic, and Arab roadblocks along the route were removed. Traffic along the Haifa-<a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a> coastal railway was also restored. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_phase:_15_October_1948_–_10_March_1949"><span id="Third_phase:_15_October_1948_.E2.80.93_10_March_1949"></span>Third phase: 15 October 1948 – 10 March 1949</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg/250px-1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg/375px-1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg/500px-1948_arab_israeli_war_-_Oct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>October battles</figcaption></figure> <p>Israel launched a series of military operations to drive out the Arab armies and secure the northern and southern borders of Israel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_front_–_Galilee"><span id="Northern_front_.E2.80.93_Galilee"></span>Northern front – Galilee</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Operation Hiram</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zionist_mortar_team_outside_Zafzaf_in_October_1948.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zionist_mortar_team_outside_Zafzaf_in_October_1948.png/170px-Zionist_mortar_team_outside_Zafzaf_in_October_1948.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zionist_mortar_team_outside_Zafzaf_in_October_1948.png/255px-Zionist_mortar_team_outside_Zafzaf_in_October_1948.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Zionist_mortar_team_outside_Zafzaf_in_October_1948.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli mortar team outside <a href="/wiki/Safsaf" title="Safsaf">Safsaf</a>, October 1948</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg/170px-Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg/255px-Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg/340px-Hiram_Sasa_Attack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers attack Sasa during Operation Hiram, October 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>On 22 October, the third truce went into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irregular Arab forces refused to recognise the truce, and continued to harass Israeli forces and settlements in the north. On the same day that the truce came into effect, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> violated the truce by attacking <a href="/wiki/Manara,_Israel" title="Manara, Israel">Manara</a>, capturing the strongpoint of Sheikh Abed, repulsing counterattacks by local Israeli units, and ambushed Israeli forces attempting to relieve Manara. The IDF's <a href="/wiki/Carmeli_Brigade" title="Carmeli Brigade">Carmeli Brigade</a> lost 33 dead and 40 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manara and <a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am" title="Misgav Am">Misgav Am</a> were totally cut off, and Israel's protests at the UN failed to change the situation. </p><p>On 24 October, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hiram" title="Operation Hiram">Operation Hiram</a> and captured the entire <a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee" title="Upper Galilee">upper Galilee</a> area, driving the ALA back to Lebanon, and ambushing and destroying an entire Syrian battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Israeli force of four infantry brigades was commanded by <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Carmel" title="Moshe Carmel">Moshe Carmel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire operation lasted just 60 hours, during which numerous villages were captured, often after locals or Arab forces put up resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arab losses were estimated at 400 dead and 550 taken prisoner, with low Israeli casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some prisoners were reportedly executed by the Israeli forces. An estimated 50,000 Palestinian refugees fled into Lebanon, some of them fleeing ahead of the advancing forces, and some expelled from villages which had resisted, while the Arab inhabitants of those villages which had remained at peace were allowed to remain and became Israeli citizens. The villagers of <a href="/wiki/Iqrit" title="Iqrit">Iqrit</a> and Birim were persuaded to leave their homes by Israeli authorities, who promised them that they would be allowed to return. Israel eventually decided not to allow them to return, and offered them financial compensation, which they refused to accept.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the month, the IDF had captured the whole of Galilee, driven all ALA forces out of Israel, and had advanced 8 kilometres (5 miles) into <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Litani_River" title="Litani River">Litani River</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> occupying thirteen Lebanese villages. In the village of <a href="/wiki/Hula,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hula, Lebanon">Hula</a>, two Israeli officers <a href="/wiki/Hula_massacre" title="Hula massacre">killed</a> between 35 and 58 prisoners as retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Haifa_Oil_Refinery_massacre" title="Haifa Oil Refinery massacre">Haifa Oil Refinery massacre</a>. Both officers were later put on trial for their actions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Negev">Negev</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg/220px-Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg/330px-Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg/440px-Israelis_at_Faluja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2552" data-file-height="1893" /></a><figcaption>Israeli troops occupying abandoned Egyptian trenches at <a href="/wiki/Huleiqat" class="mw-redirect" title="Huleiqat">Huleiqat</a>, October 1948</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beersheba_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beersheba_1948.jpg/220px-Beersheba_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beersheba_1948.jpg/330px-Beersheba_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beersheba_1948.jpg/440px-Beersheba_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>IDF forces in <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Operation Yoav</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg/220px-Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg/330px-Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg/440px-Negev_Brigade_soldiers_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2769" data-file-height="2045" /></a><figcaption>An IDF artillery unit in the Negev</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_Natif_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beit_Natif_1948.jpg/220px-Beit_Natif_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beit_Natif_1948.jpg/330px-Beit_Natif_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Beit_Natif_1948.jpg/440px-Beit_Natif_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>IDF forces near <a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nattif" title="Bayt Nattif">Bayt Nattif</a>, near Hebron, after it was captured. October 1948.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Operation Yoav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shmone" title="Operation Shmone">Shmone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lot" title="Operation Lot">Lot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Assaf" title="Operation Assaf">Assaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev">Horev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uvda" title="Operation Uvda">Uvda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Sinai_(1948)" title="Battles of the Sinai (1948)">Battles of the Sinai</a></div> <p>Israel launched a series of military operations to drive out the Arab armies and secure the borders of Israel. However, invading the West Bank might have brought into the borders of the expanding State of Israel a massive Arab population it could not absorb. The Negev desert was an empty space for expansion, so the main war effort shifted to Negev from early October.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel decided to destroy or at least drive out the Egyptian expeditionary force since the Egyptian front lines were too vulnerable as permanent borders.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2008p320_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2008p320-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 October, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Yoav" title="Operation Yoav">Operation Yoav</a> in the northern Negev.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its goal was to drive a wedge between the Egyptian forces along the coast and the <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>-Jerusalem road and ultimately to conquer the whole Negev.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a special concern on the Israeli part because of a British diplomatic campaign to have the entire Negev handed over to Egypt and Jordan, and which thus made Ben-Gurion anxious to have Israeli forces in control of the Negev as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Operation Yoav was headed by the Southern Front commander <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Yigal Allon</a>. Committed to Yoav were three infantry and one armoured brigades, who were given the task of breaking through the Egyptian lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptian positions were badly weakened by the lack of a <a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">defence in depth</a>, which meant that once the IDF had broken through the Egyptian lines, there was little to stop them.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation was a huge success, shattering the Egyptian ranks and forcing the Egyptian Army from the northern Negev, <a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Faluja_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Faluja Pocket">Faluja Pocket</a>", an encircled Egyptian force was able to hold out for four months until the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a>, when the village was peacefully transferred to Israel and the Egyptian troops left.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four warships of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> provided support by bombarding Egyptian shore installations in the <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a> area, and preventing the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Navy" title="Egyptian Navy">Egyptian Navy</a> from evacuating retreating Egyptian troops by sea.<sup id="cite_ref-navy_186-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navy-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2022)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 19 October, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ha-Har" title="Operation Ha-Har">Operation Ha-Har</a> began in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Corridor">Jerusalem Corridor</a>, while a <a href="/wiki/Israeli_naval_campaign_in_Operation_Yoav#Battle_near_Majdal" title="Israeli naval campaign in Operation Yoav">naval battle also took place</a> near <a href="/wiki/Al-Majdal,_Askalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Majdal, Askalan">Majdal</a>, with three Israeli corvettes facing an Egyptian corvette with air support. An Israeli sailor was killed and four wounded, and two of the ships were damaged. One Egyptian plane was shot down, but the corvette escaped. Israeli naval vessels also shelled Majdal on 17 October, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> on 21 October, with air support from the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a>. The same day, the IDF <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beersheba_(1948)" title="Battle of Beersheba (1948)">captured Beersheba</a>, and took 120 Egyptian soldiers prisoner. On 22 October, Israeli naval commandos using explosive boats <a href="/wiki/Israeli_naval_campaign_in_Operation_Yoav" title="Israeli naval campaign in Operation Yoav">sank</a> the Egyptian flagship <i><a href="/wiki/El_Amir_Farouq" class="mw-redirect" title="El Amir Farouq">Emir Farouk</a></i>, and damaged an Egyptian minesweeper.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 November 1948, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Shmone" title="Operation Shmone">Operation Shmone</a> to capture the <a href="/wiki/Tegart_fort" title="Tegart fort">Tegart fort</a> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="Iraq Suwaydan">Iraq Suwaydan</a>. The fort's Egyptian defenders had previously repulsed eight attempts to take it, including two during Operation Yoav. Israeli forces bombarded the fort before an assault with artillery and airstrikes by B-17 bombers. After breaching the outlying fences without resistance, the Israelis blew a hole in the fort's outer wall, prompting the 180 Egyptian soldiers manning the fort to surrender without a fight. The defeat prompted the Egyptians to evacuate several nearby positions, including hills the IDF had failed to take by force. Meanwhile, IDF forces took Iraq Suwaydan itself after a fierce battle, losing 6 dead and 14 wounded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>From 5 to 7 December, the IDF conducted <a href="/wiki/Operation_Assaf" title="Operation Assaf">Operation Assaf</a> to take control of the Western Negev. The main assaults were spearheaded by mechanised forces, while <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani Brigade</a> infantry covered the rear. An Egyptian counterattack was repulsed. The Egyptians planned another counterattack, but it failed after Israeli aerial reconnaissance revealed Egyptian preparations, and the Israelis launched a preemptive strike. About 100 Egyptians were killed, and 5 tanks were destroyed, with the Israelis losing 5 killed and 30 wounded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Operation_Horev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Operation_Horev.jpg/220px-Operation_Horev.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Operation_Horev.jpg/330px-Operation_Horev.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Operation_Horev.jpg/440px-Operation_Horev.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli convoy in the Negev during Operation Horev</figcaption></figure> <p>On 22 December, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Horev" title="Operation Horev">Operation Horev</a>, also called Operation Ayin.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of the operation was to drive all remaining Egyptian forces from the Negev, destroying the Egyptian threat on Israel's southern communities and forcing the Egyptians into a ceasefire. During five days of fighting, the Israelis secured the Western Negev, expelling all Egyptian forces from the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli forces subsequently launched raids into the <a href="/wiki/Nitzana,_Israel" title="Nitzana, Israel">Nitzana</a> area, and entered the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Sinai_(1948)" title="Battles of the Sinai (1948)">Sinai Peninsula</a> on 28 December. The IDF captured Umm Katef and <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ageila" title="Abu Ageila">Abu Ageila</a>, and advanced north towards <a href="/wiki/Arish" title="Arish">Al Arish</a>, with the goal of encircling the entire Egyptian expeditionary force. Israeli forces pulled out of the Sinai on 2 January 1949 following joint British-American pressure and a British threat of military action. IDF forces regrouped at the border with the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. Israeli forces attacked <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rafah (1948)">Rafah</a> the following day, and after several days of fighting, Egyptian forces in the Gaza Strip were surrounded. The Egyptians agreed to negotiate a ceasefire on 7 January, and the IDF subsequently pulled out of Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Morris, "<i>the inequitable and unfair rules of engagement: the Arabs could launch offensives with impunity, but international interventions always hampered and restrained Israel's counterattacks."</i><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 December, the <a href="/wiki/Alexandroni_Brigade" title="Alexandroni Brigade">Alexandroni Brigade</a> failed to take the Falluja Pocket, but managed to seize Iraq el-Manshiyeh and temporarily hold it.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptians counterattacked, but were mistaken for a friendly force and allowed to advance, trapping a large number of men. The Israelis lost 87 soldiers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 5 March, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uvda" title="Operation Uvda">Operation Uvda</a> was launched following nearly a month of reconnaissance, with the goal of securing the Southern Negev from Jordan. The IDF entered and secured the territory, but did not meet significant resistance along the way, as the area was already designated to be part of the Jewish state in the UN Partition Plan, and the operation meant to establish Israeli sovereignty over the territory rather than actually conquer it. The Golani, <a href="/wiki/Negev_Brigade" title="Negev Brigade">Negev</a>, and Alexandroni brigades participated in the operation, together with some smaller units and with naval support.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 March, Israeli forces secured the Southern Negev, reaching the southern tip of Palestine: Umm Rashrash on the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> (where <a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a> was built later) and taking it without a battle. Israeli soldiers raised a hand-made Israeli flag ("<a href="/wiki/Ink_Flag" title="Ink Flag">The Ink Flag</a>") at 16:00 on 10 March, claiming Umm Rashrash for Israel. The raising of the Ink Flag is considered to be the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anglo-Israeli_air_clashes">Anglo-Israeli air clashes</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg/220px-Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg/330px-Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg/440px-Ramle_Funeral_1949.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>The funeral of a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> pilot killed during a clash with the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>As the fighting progressed and Israel mounted an incursion into the Sinai, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> began conducting almost daily reconnaissance missions over Israel and the Sinai. RAF reconnaissance aircraft took off from Egyptian airbases and sometimes flew alongside <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Royal Egyptian Air Force</a> planes. High-flying British aircraft frequently flew over <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramat_David_Airbase" title="Ramat David Airbase">Ramat David Airbase</a>, and became known to the Israelis as the "shuftykeit."<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 November 1948, an unarmed RAF photo-reconnaissance <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">De Havilland Mosquito</a> of <a href="/wiki/No._13_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 13 Squadron RAF">No. 13 Squadron RAF</a> was shot down by an <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a> flown by American volunteer Wayne Peake as it flew over the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> towards <a href="/wiki/Hatzor_Airbase" title="Hatzor Airbase">Hatzor Airbase</a>. Peake opened fire with his cannons, causing a fire to break out in the port engine. The aircraft turned to sea and lowered its altitude, then exploded and crashed off <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a>. The pilot and navigator were both killed.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Just before noon on 7 January 1949, four <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a> FR18s from <a href="/wiki/No._208_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 208 Squadron RAF">No. 208 Squadron RAF</a> on a reconnaissance mission in the <a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a> area flew over an Israeli convoy that had been attacked by five Egyptian Spitfires fifteen minutes earlier. The pilots had spotted smoking vehicles and were drawn to the scene out of curiosity. Two planes dived to below 500 feet altitude to take pictures of the convoy, while the remaining two covered them from 1,500 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aloni_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aloni-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli soldiers on the ground, alerted by the sound of the approaching Spitfires and fearing another Egyptian air attack, opened fire with machine guns. One Spitfire was shot down by a tank-mounted machine gun, while the other was lightly damaged and rapidly pulled up. The remaining three Spitfires were then attacked by patrolling IAF Spitfires flown by <a href="/wiki/Chalmers_Goodlin" title="Chalmers Goodlin">Chalmers Goodlin</a> and John McElroy, volunteers from the United States and Canada respectively. All three Spitfires were shot down, and one pilot was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aloni_225-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aloni-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two pilots were captured by Israeli soldiers and taken to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> for interrogation, and were later released. Another was rescued by <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a> and handed over to the Egyptian Army, which turned him over to the RAF. Later that day, four RAF Spitfires from the same squadron escorted by seven <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempests</a> from <a href="/wiki/No._213_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 213 Squadron RAF">No. 213 Squadron RAF</a> and eight from <a href="/wiki/No._6_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 6 Squadron RAF">No. 6 Squadron RAF</a> went searching for the lost planes, and were attacked by four IAF Spitfires. The Israeli formation was led by <a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a>. The remaining three were manned by Weizman's wingman Alex Jacobs and American volunteers Bill Schroeder and Caesar Dangott.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aloni_225-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aloni-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tempests found they could not jettison their external fuel tanks, and some had non-operational guns. Schroeder shot down a British Tempest, killing pilot David Tattersfield, and Weizman severely damaged a British plane flown by Douglas Liquorish. Weizman's plane and two other British aircraft suffered light damage during the engagement. During the battle, British Tempest pilots treated British Spitfires as potential Israeli aircraft until the British Spitfire pilots were told by radio to wiggle their wings to be more clearly identifiable. The engagement ended when the Israelis realised the danger of their situation and disengaged, returning to Hatzor Airbase.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aloni_225-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aloni-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> personally ordered the wrecks of the RAF fighters that had been shot down to be dragged into Israeli territory. Israeli troops subsequently visited the crash sites, removed various parts, and buried the other aircraft. However, the Israelis did not manage to conceal the wrecks in time to prevent British reconnaissance planes from photographing them. An RAF salvage team was deployed to recover the wrecks, entering Israeli territory during their search. Two were discovered inside Egypt, while Tattersfield's Tempest was found north of <a href="/wiki/Nirim" title="Nirim">Nirim</a>, 6 km (4 mi) inside Israel. Interviews with local Arabs confirmed that the Israelis had visited the crash sites to remove and bury the wrecks. Tattersfield was initially buried near the wreckage, but his body was later removed and reburied at the British War Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response, the RAF readied all Tempests and Spitfires to attack any IAF aircraft they encountered and bomb IAF airfields. British troops in the Middle East were placed on high alert with all leave cancelled, and British citizens were advised to leave Israel. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> was placed on high alert. At Hatzor Airbase, the general consensus among the pilots, most of whom had flown with or alongside the RAF during World War II, was that the RAF would not allow the loss of five aircraft and two pilots to go without retaliation, and would probably attack the base at dawn the next day. That night, in anticipation of an impending British attack, some pilots decided not to offer any resistance and left the base, while others prepared their Spitfires and were strapped into the cockpits at dawn, preparing to repel a retaliatory airstrike. However, despite pressure from the squadrons involved in the incidents, British commanders refused to authorise any retaliatory strikes.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The day following the incident, British pilots were issued a directive to regard any Israeli aircraft infiltrating Egyptian or Jordanian airspace as hostile and to shoot them down, but were also ordered to avoid activity close to Israel's borders. Later in January 1949, the British managed to prevent the delivery of <a href="/wiki/Avgas" title="Avgas">aviation spirit</a> and other essential fuels to Israel in retaliation for the incident. The <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">British Foreign Office</a> presented the Israeli government with a demand for compensation over the loss of personnel and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-spyflight_223-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="UN_Resolution_194">UN Resolution 194</h4></div> <p>In December 1948, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">Resolution 194</a>. It called to establish a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conciliation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conciliation Commission">UN Conciliation Commission</a> to facilitate peace between Israel and Arab states. However, many of the resolution's articles were not fulfilled, since these were opposed by Israel, rejected by the Arab states, or were overshadowed by war as the 1948 conflict continued. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weapons">Weapons</h2></div> <p>Both sides utilized weapons that had been used in World War II by the British and French forces. Egypt's arsenal included leftover British equipment, while the Syrian arsenal included leftover French weaponry. The Israeli Defense Forces utilized an array of British, American, French and Czechoslovakian military equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the aforementioned, the IDF also used several <a href="/wiki/Davidka" title="Davidka">Davidka</a> mortars, which were a domestically produced weapon by Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Amitzur Ilan, "Israel's ability to cope better with the embargo situation was, by far, her greatest strategic asset."<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th>Arab armies </th> <th>IDF </th></tr> <tr> <th>Tanks </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Matilda_II_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Matilda II tank">Matilda tanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renault_R40" title="Renault R40">R-39s</a>, <a href="/wiki/FT-17" class="mw-redirect" title="FT-17">FT-17s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renault_R35" title="Renault R35">R35s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panzer_IV" title="Panzer IV">Panzer IVs</a> (dug in and used as stationary gun emplacements by Egypt), <a href="/wiki/Fiat_M13/40" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat M13/40">Fiat M13/40</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherman_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman tank">Sherman M4</a>, <a href="/wiki/M22_Locust" title="M22 Locust">M-22</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vickers" title="Vickers">Vickers</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_Tank_Mk_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Tank Mk VI">MK-6</a>. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Cromwell tanks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_H35" title="Hotchkiss H35">H39s</a>, <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">M4 Sherman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">APCs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">IFVs</a> </th> <td>British World War II era trucks, <a href="/wiki/Humber_Armoured_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Armoured Car">Humber Mk III & IV</a>, Automitrailleuses Dodge/Bich type, improvised armored cars/trucks, <a href="/wiki/Marmon-Herrington_Armoured_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmon-Herrington Armoured Car">Marmon-Herrington Armoured Cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">Universal Carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carden_Loyd_tankette" title="Carden Loyd tankette">Lloyd Towing Carriers</a> </td> <td>British World War II era trucks, improvised armored cars/trucks, <a href="/wiki/M3_Scout_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 Scout Car">White M3A1 Scout Cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Armoured_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler Armoured Car">Daimler Armoured Cars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">Universal Carriers</a>, <a href="/wiki/M3_Half-track" class="mw-redirect" title="M3 Half-track">M3 Half-tracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/IHC_M14_Half-track" class="mw-redirect" title="IHC M14 Half-track">IHC M14 Half-tracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/M5_Half-track" class="mw-redirect" title="M5 Half-track">M5 Half-tracks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Artillery </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">Mortars</a>, <a href="/wiki/15_cm_sIG_33_auf_Fahrgestell_Panzerkampfwagen_II_(Sf)" title="15 cm sIG 33 auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen II (Sf)">15 cm sIG33 auf Pz IIs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_Carrier" title="Universal Carrier">25 mm anti-tank guns on Bren carriers</a>, improvised self-propelled guns used by Syrians in 1948–49, 65 mm mountain guns on <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_37L" title="Lorraine 37L">Lorraine 38L</a> <i>chenillettes</i>, 2-pounder anti-tank guns, 6-pounder anti-tank guns </td> <td>Mortars, 2-inch (51 mm) British mortars, 65 mm French howitzers (<i><a href="/wiki/Napoleonchik" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonchik">Napoleonchiks</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/120_mm_French_mortars" class="mw-redirect" title="120 mm French mortars">120 mm French mortars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davidka" title="Davidka">Davidka mortars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Aircraft </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfires</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-6_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="T-6 Texan">T-6 Texans</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-47_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Dakota">C-47 Dakotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricanes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">Avro Ansons</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">Avia S-199s</a>, <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17 Flying Fortresses</a>, <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustangs</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-47_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="C-47 Dakota">C-47 Dakotas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Small Arms </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee–Enfield rifle">Lee–Enfield rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bren_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Bren Gun">Bren Guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAS_36" class="mw-redirect" title="MAS 36">MAS 36s</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mills_bomb" title="Mills bomb">Mills grenades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karabiner_98k" title="Karabiner 98k">Karabiner 98k</a> (Czech copies), <a href="/wiki/Bren_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Bren Gun">Bren Guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/MP_40" title="MP 40">MP 40s</a>, <a href="/wiki/MG-34" class="mw-redirect" title="MG-34">MG-34 Machine guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee–Enfield rifle">Lee–Enfield rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a>, <a href="/wiki/PIAT" title="PIAT">PIAT anti-tank infantry weapon</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israeli_usage_of_biological_warfare">Israeli usage of biological warfare</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cast_Thy_Bread" title="Operation Cast Thy Bread">Operation Cast Thy Bread</a></div> <p>Research by Israeli historians <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Kedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Kedar">Benjamin Kedar</a> show that during the 1948 war, Israel conducted a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Cast_Thy_Bread" title="Operation Cast Thy Bread">biological warfare operation codenamed Cast Thy Bread</a>. According to Morris and Kedar, the Haganah initially used typhoid bacteria to contaminate water wells in newly cleared Arab villages to prevent the population including militiamen from returning. Later, the biological warfare campaign expanded to include Jewish settlements that were in imminent danger of being captured by Arab troops and inhabited Arab towns not slated for capture. There were also plans to expand the biological warfare campaign into other Arab states including Egypt, Lebanon and Syria, but they were not carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1949_Armistice_Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map comparing the borders of the 1947 partition plan and the Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/170px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="477" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/255px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg/340px-1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption> <hr /> <b>Boundaries defined in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan for Palestine</a>:</b><br /><br /> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#99ccef; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Area assigned for a Jewish state</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ffaaaa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#aae1aa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Area assigned for an Arab state</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#dcdcdc; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ff80ff; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Planned <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)"><i>Corpus separatum</i></a> with the intention that <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> would be neither Jewish nor Arab</div><hr /><b>Armistice Demarcation Lines of 1949 (<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>):</b><br /><br /> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#99ccef; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ffaaaa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#dcdcdc; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Israeli controlled territory from 1949</div> <div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#ff80ff; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#aae1aa; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Egyptian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian</a> controlled territory from 1948 until 1967</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1949, Israel signed separate <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistices</a> with Egypt on 24 February, Lebanon on 23 March, Transjordan on 3 April, and Syria on 20 July. The Armistice Demarcation Lines, as set by the agreements, saw the territory under Israeli control encompassing approximately three-quarters of the prior British administered <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandate</a> as it stood after <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a>'s independence in 1946. Israel controlled territories of about one-third more than was allocated to the Jewish State under the UN partition proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the armistices, Israel had control over 78% of the territory comprising former Mandatory Palestine<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or some 21,000 km<sup>2</sup> (8,000 sq mi), including the entire <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a> in the north, the whole <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> in south, <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_coastal_plain" title="Israeli coastal plain">coastal plain</a> in the center. </p><p>The armistice lines were known afterwards as the "<a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>". The <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> (including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>) were occupied by Egypt and Transjordan respectively. The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Truce_Supervision_Organization" title="United Nations Truce Supervision Organization">United Nations Truce Supervision Organization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mixed_Armistice_Commissions" title="Mixed Armistice Commissions">Mixed Armistice Commissions</a> were set up to monitor ceasefires, supervise the armistice agreements, to prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN peacekeeping operations in the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Just before the signing of the Israel-Transjordan armistice agreement, general Yigal Allon proposed a military offensive to conquer the West Bank up to the Jordan River as the natural, defensible border of the state. Ben-Gurion refused, although he was aware that the IDF was militarily strong enough to carry out the conquest. He feared the reaction of Western powers and wanted to maintain good relations with the United States and not to provoke the British. Moreover, the results of the war were already satisfactory and Israeli leaders had to build a state.<sup id="cite_ref-Shapira2014p173_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shapira2014p173-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris2009p79_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2009p79-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shalom2002p174_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shalom2002p174-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_casualties_of_war" title="Israeli casualties of war">Israeli casualties of war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_casualties_of_war" title="Palestinian casualties of war">Palestinian casualties of war</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war</a></div> <p>Israel lost 6,373 of its people, about 1% of its population at the time, in the war. About 4,000 were soldiers and the rest were civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-politics_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politics-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact number of Arab casualties is unknown. One estimate places the Arab death toll at 7,000, including 3,000 Palestinians, 2,000 Egyptians, 1,000 Jordanians, and 1,000 Syrians.<sup id="cite_ref-onwar_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-onwar-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1958, Palestinian historian <a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a> calculated that the Arab armies' combined losses amounted to 3,700, with Egypt losing 961 regular and 200 irregular soldiers and Transjordan losing 362 regulars and 200 irregulars. According to <a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens_(scholar)" title="Henry Laurens (scholar)">Henry Laurens</a>, the Palestinians suffered double the Jewish losses, with 13,000 dead, 1,953 of whom are known to have died in combat situations. Of the remainder, 4,004 remain nameless but the place, tally and date of their death is known, and a further 7,043, for whom only the place of death is known, not their identities nor the date of their death. According to Laurens, the largest part of Palestinian casualties consisted of non-combatants and corresponds to the successful operations of the Israelis.<sup id="cite_ref-laurens_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laurens-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_outcomes">Demographic outcomes</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arabs">Arabs</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus">Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_refugees_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg/338px-Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="314" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Background</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">Zionism as settler colonialism</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">1948 Nakba</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></b></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></b></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Haifa">Fall of Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Committee" title="Transfer Committee">Transfer Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_Palestinian_place_names" title="Hebraization of Palestinian place names">Hebraization of Palestinian place names</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">List of depopulated towns and villages</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ongoing Nakba</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ongoing_Nakba" title="Ongoing Nakba">Ongoing Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1969_Paraguay_plan" title="1969 Paraguay plan">Paraguay plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel-Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Discourse</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_denial" title="Nakba denial">Nakba denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Law" title="Nakba Law">Nakba Law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li>Notable historians:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Masalha" title="Nur Masalha">Nur Masalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Rashid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols and memory</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_key" title="Palestinian key">Palestinian key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handala" title="Handala">Handala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_March_of_Return" class="mw-redirect" title="Great March of Return">Great March of Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Return_(Israel)" title="March of Return (Israel)">March of Return (Israel)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nakba" title="Template:Nakba"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nakba" title="Template talk:Nakba"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakba" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakba"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine</a> and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War that followed, around 750,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, out of approximately 1,200,000 Arabs living in former <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a>, a displacement known to Palestinians as the <i><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></i>. In 1951, the UN Conciliation Commission for Palestine estimated that the number of Palestinian refugees displaced from Israel was 711,000.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This number did not include <a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">displaced Palestinians inside Israeli-held territory</a>. More than 400 Arab villages, and about ten Jewish villages and neighbourhoods, <a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_depopulated_during_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="List of villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict">were depopulated</a> during the Arab–Israeli conflict, most of them during 1948. According to estimate based on earlier census, the total Muslim population in Palestine was 1,143,336 in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus">causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a> are a controversial topic among historians.<sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the war, around 156,000 <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arabs remained</a> in Israel and became Israeli citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Displaced Palestinian Arabs, known as <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a>, were settled in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Palestinian refugee camps</a> throughout the Arab world. The United Nations established <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a> as a relief and human development agency tasked with providing humanitarian assistance to Palestinian refugees. Arab nations refused to absorb Palestinian refugees, instead keeping them in refugee camps while insisting that they be allowed to return.<sup id="cite_ref-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jerusalem_Fund_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_Fund-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Refugee status was also passed on to their descendants, who were also largely denied citizenship in Arab states, except in Transjordan.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> instructed its members to deny Palestinians citizenship "to avoid dissolution of their identity and protect their right of return to their homeland." More than 1.4 million Palestinians still live in 58 recognised refugee camps,<sup id="cite_ref-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA_244-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jerusalem_Fund_245-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_Fund-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while more than 5 million <a href="/wiki/Palestinians#Demographics" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> live outside Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>. </p><p>Palestinian refugees and displaced persons and the lack of a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a> remain major issues in the <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jews">Jews</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish exodus from Arab countries">Jewish exodus from Arab countries</a></div> <p>In the three years from May 1948 to the end of 1951, 700,000 Jews <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">settled in Israel</a>, mainly along the borders and in former Arab lands,<sup id="cite_ref-BennyMorris2_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BennyMorris2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> doubling the Jewish population there.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, upwards of 300,000 <a href="/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_and_Muslim_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries">arrived from Asian and North African states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sachar_pp395-403_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sachar_pp395-403-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among them, the largest group, over 100,000, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ezra_and_Nehemiah" title="Operation Ezra and Nehemiah">was from Iraq</a>. The remaining came mostly from Europe, including 136,000 from the 250,000 displaced Jews of World War II living in <a href="/wiki/Displaced_persons_camps_in_post-World_War_II_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe">refugee camps</a> and urban centers in Germany, Austria, and Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more than 270,000 coming from Eastern Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mainly <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#Post-War" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland#Communist_rule:_1945–1989" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a>, over 100,000 each. </p><p>On the establishment of the state, a top priority was given to a policy for the "ingathering of exiles", and the <a href="/wiki/Mossad_LeAliyah_Bet" title="Mossad LeAliyah Bet">Mossad LeAliyah Bet</a> gave key assistance to the Jewish Agency to organise immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, and arrange for their transport to Israel. For Ben-Gurion, a fundamental defect of the State was that 'it lacked Jews'.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jewish immigrants from Arab and Muslim countries left for numerous reasons. The war's outcome had exacerbated Arab hostilities to local Jewish communities. News of the victory aroused messianic expectations in Libya and Yemen; Zionism had taken root in many countries; active incentives for making aliyah formed a key part of Israeli policy; and better economic prospects and security were to be expected from a Jewish state.<sup id="cite_ref-sachar_pp395-403_248-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sachar_pp395-403-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Arab governments, Egypt, for example, held their Jewish communities hostage at times. Persecution, political instability, and news of a number of violent pogroms also played a role. Some 800,000–1,000,000 Jews eventually left the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> over the next three decades as a result of these various factors.<sup id="cite_ref-sachar_pp395-403_248-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sachar_pp395-403-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 650,000 of the departees settled in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeker20054_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeker20054-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historiography">Historiography</h2></div> <p>Since the war, different <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiographical</a> traditions have interpreted the events of 1948 differently; in the words of the <a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historian</a> <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>, "each side subscribes to a different version of events."<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Israeli narrative, the war is Israel's War of Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Palestinian narrative, the War of 1948 is inextricable from the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>, the Zionist movement is one of <a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">settler colonialism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Israelis are seen as <a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">conquerors</a> and the Palestinians as victims.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The different narratives of 1948 reflect these different perceptions.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An issue affecting the historiography of 1948 is access to sources and archives, which may have been destroyed, appropriated, censored, or otherwise made unavailable to some or all researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguistic barriers represent another hurdle, as most research is published exclusively in the author's native language and is not translated.<sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The historiography of 1948 is tied to political <a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy (political)">legitimacy</a> in the present and has implications for the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sela-2016_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sela-2016-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a> and Neil Caplan:</p><blockquote><p>A major reason for this grip of the past over the present is the unfulfilled quest of both Israelis and Palestinians for legitimacy, in one or more of the following three senses: (a) each party's sense of its own legitimacy as a national community entitled to its own sovereign state; (b) each party's willingness to grant legitimacy to at least part of the competing national narrative of the other; and (c) the international community's extension of legitimacy to the competing rights and claims of Israelis and Palestinians.<sup id="cite_ref-Sela-2016_257-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sela-2016-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>The narratives of 1948 have also had implications for <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 211">: 211 </span></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_narratives">Israeli narratives</h3></div> <p>The Israelis, whether or not they were conquerors, were irrefutably the victors of the war, and for this reason among others, "they were able to propagate more effectively than their opponents their version of this fateful war."<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only in 1987 was that narrative effectively challenged outside the Arab world.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zionist_narrative">Zionist narrative</h4></div><p> Avi Shlaim gives the conventional Zionist narrative or the "old history" of the 1948 war as follows:</p><blockquote><p>The conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine came to a head following the passage, on 29 November 1947, of the United Nations partition resolution that called for the establishment of two states, one Jewish and one Arab. The Jews accepted the U.N. plan despite the painful sacrifices it entailed, but the Palestinians, the neighboring Arab states, and the Arab League rejected it. Great Britain did everything in its power toward the end of the Palestine Mandate to frustrate the establishment of the Jewish state envisaged in the UN plan. With the expiry of the Mandate and the proclamation of the State of Israel, seven Arab states sent their armies into Palestine with the firm intention of strangling the Jewish state at birth. The subsequent struggle was an unequal one between a Jewish David and an Arab Goliath. The infant Jewish state fought a desperate, heroic, and ultimately successful battle for survival against overwhelming odds. During the war, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled to the neighboring Arab states, mainly in response to orders from their leaders and despite Jewish pleas to stay and demonstrate that peaceful coexistence was possible. After the war, the story continues, Israeli leaders sought peace with all their heart and all their might but there was no one to talk to on the other side. Arab intransigence was alone responsible for the political deadlock, which was not broken until President Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem thirty years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>According to Shlaim, this narrative is "not history in the proper sense of the word," as most of the literature on the war was produced – not by professional academic historians – but rather by participants in the war, politicians, soldiers, and state-sponsored historians, as well as by sympathetic journalists, chroniclers, and biographers.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also portrays Israelis as morally superior, lacks political analysis, and gives undue weight to "the heroic feats of the Israeli fighters."<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">nationalist narrative</a> was taught in Israeli schools and used for gaining legitimacy internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Historians">New Historians</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></div><p>The standard Zionist narrative of the war remained unchallenged outside the Arab world until the war's fortieth anniversary, when a number of critical books came out, including <a href="/wiki/Simha_Flapan" title="Simha Flapan">Simha Flapan</a>'s <i>The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities</i> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>'s <i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem</i> (1987), <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a>'s <i>Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1948–51</i> (1988), and Shlaim's <i>Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine</i> (1988).<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These writers came to be known as <a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a> or "post-Zionists."<i><sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>According to Shlaim, the new historians disagreed with the Zionist narrative on six main points: British policy with regard to the Yishuv at the end of the Palestine Mandate, the military balance in 1948, the origins of the Palestinian refugee problem, the nature of relations between Israelis and Jordanians during the war, Arab aims in the war, and the reasons peace remained elusive after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among their most vitriolic critics was <a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Teveth" title="Shabtai Teveth">Shabtai Teveth</a>, biographer of <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, who published "The New Historians," a series of four weekly full-page articles attacking the new historians, in <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> May 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teveth claimed that the new historiography was flawed in its practice and that it was politically motived, that it was pro-Palestinian and aimed to <a href="/wiki/Delegitimisation_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegitimisation of Israel">delegitimize</a> the State of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neo-Zionist_narratives">Neo-Zionist narratives</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> identifies a turn in predominant Israeli narratives about 1948 in September 2000. In the climate of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">Post-9/11</a> period, "not only were Israel's brutal military operations against the Palestinians during the new intifada seen as justified, but so was their systematic expulsion in 1948."<sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of the expulsions, massacres, and war crimes of 1948 brought to light by the New Historians could no longer be ignored, but writers of what Pappé calls a "neo-Zionist" narrative justified these as necessary or unavoidable.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this period, the focus of Israeli historical writing on 1948 shifted largely from its human impact back to its military aspects.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neo-Zionist writers were given selective access to top-secret material, to which writers critical of Zionism would not have been given access, and much of their work was published by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Ministry_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Ministry of Defense">Israeli Ministry of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among those Pappé associated with the neo-Zionist perspective were <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> (who had become more outspokenly defensive of Zionism by this time), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Gutwein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Gutwein (page does not exist)">Daniel Gutwein</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:דניאל גוטוויין">he</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Bar-On" title="Mordechai Bar-On">Mordechai Bar-On</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a>, Tamir Goren, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnon_Golan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnon Golan (page does not exist)">Arnon Golan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:ארנון גולן">he</a>]</span>, Alon Kadish, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoav_Peleg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoav Peleg (page does not exist)">Yoav Peleg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92" class="extiw" title="he:יואב פלג">he</a>]</span>, as well as the journal <a href="/wiki/Azure_(magazine)" title="Azure (magazine)"><i>Techelet</i></a> .<sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_narratives">Palestinian narratives</h3></div> <p>Unlike Israeli narratives that shifted over the decades, Palestinian narratives of 1948 have been more or less constant, focusing on Palestinians' indigenous rights to Palestine, Palestinian victimhood, dispossession, displacement, exile, statelessness, and more "unrequited grievances against colonialism and Zionism."<sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 209–211">: 209–211 </span></sup> The term '<a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>' to describe the Palestinian catastrophe in the war of 1948 was coined in <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq's</a> 1948 book <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%27na_an-Nakba" title="Ma'na an-Nakba">Ma'na an-Nakba</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a> wrote a six volume work titled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=An-Nakba_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An-Nakba (book) (page does not exist)">an-Nakba</a> </i><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" class="extiw" title="ar:النكبة (كتاب)">ar</a>]</span> that was published in Arabic in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palestinian narratives have focused on countering the dominant Zionist narrative; the preeminent Palestinian historian of 1948 <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a> has dedicated much of his career to disproving the official Israeli narrative that the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> was voluntary.<sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 211">: 211 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Rashid Khalidi</a> and other historians hold that "there is no established, authoritative Palestinian master narrative."<sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 212">: 212 </span></sup> They attribute this to, among other reasons, the dispersed and fragmented state of the Palestinian community and the loss, destruction, or appropriation by Israel of relevant documents and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 212">: 212 </span></sup> Without access to much in the way of archival materials, Palestinian historians have made use of <a href="/wiki/Oral_history" title="Oral history">oral history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 214">: 214 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_narratives">Arab narratives</h3></div> <p>In the narratives of the wider Arab-Muslim world, 1948 is seen as an "Arab debacle," representative of the region's social and political decline from its "glorious distant past."<sup id="cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 210">: 210 </span></sup> The official narratives of Arab states on 1948 tended to be <a href="/wiki/Apologia" title="Apologia">apologetic</a> with the goal of defending their political legitimacy, while the <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalists</a> wrote with a focus on distilling and extracting historical lessons to galvanize Arab society, politics, and ideology in preparation for the next conflict with Israel – neither approach bridled itself too much with historical accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 6">: 6 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_narratives">Western narratives</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h4></div> <p>The American journalist <a href="/wiki/Joan_Peters" title="Joan Peters">Joan Peters'</a> 1984 book <i><a href="/wiki/From_Time_Immemorial" title="From Time Immemorial">From Time Immemorial</a></i> had a massive impact on how 1948 was understood in popular and political narratives in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a> asserts the neo-Zionist narrative was pushed in the United States most passionately by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Michael Walzer</a>, and by <a href="/wiki/Anita_Shapira" title="Anita Shapira">Anita Shapira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Penslar" title="Derek Penslar">Derek Penslar</a> with their 2003 <i>Israeli Historical Revisionism: From Left to Right.<sup id="cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <ul><li>In 1948, the Egyptian film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Girl_from_Palestine" title="A Girl from Palestine">A Girl from Palestine</a></i> tells the story of an Egyptian fighter pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A 2015 PBS documentary, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Wing_and_a_Prayer_(film)" title="A Wing and a Prayer (film)">A Wing and a Prayer</a></i>, depicts the Al Schwimmer-led airborne smuggling missions to arm Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_and_operations_in_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="List of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war">List of battles and operations in the 1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">List of wars involving Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This includes the entire military personnel count – both combat units and logistical units.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At maximum, not half of the forces of the Israelis but these numbers include only the combat units sent to the former mandate-territory of Palestine, not the entire military strength.<sup id="cite_ref-Gelber12_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gelber12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebanon had decided to not participate in the war and only took part in the battle of al-Malikiya on 5–6 June 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Final armistice agreement concluded on 20 July 1949.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Palestine Post</i>, "Israel's Bedouin Warriors", Gene Dison, August 12, 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAFP2013" class="citation news cs1">AFP (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-.html">"Bedouin army trackers scale Israel social ladder"</a>. <i>Al Arabiya English</i>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331084908/https://english.alarabiya.net/perspective/profiles/2013/04/24/Bedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Bedouin+army+trackers+scale+Israel+social+ladder&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fperspective%2Fprofiles%2F2013%2F04%2F24%2FBedouin-army-trackers-scale-Israel-social-ladder-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oren-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oren_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oren_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oren_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oren_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oren 2003, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2008), p. 260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, pp. 55, 200, 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris,_2008,_p._205-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris,_2008,_p._205_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris,_2008,_p._205_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, Benny (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1948historyoffir00morr/page/332"><i>1948: The First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, p. 205, New Haven, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9">978-0-300-12696-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anita Shapira, <i>L'imaginaire d'Israël : histoire d'une culture politique</i> (2005), <i>Latroun : la mémoire de la bataille</i>, Chap. III. 1 l'événement pp. 91–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2008), p. 419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelber12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber12_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber12_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber (2006), p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nos-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nos_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nos_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nos_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicheal_Clodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Micheal Clodfelter (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8urEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA571"><i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015</i></a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/McFarland_%26_Company" title="McFarland & Company">McFarland & Company</a>. p. 571. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7470-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-7470-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123843/https://books.google.com/books?id=8urEDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA571">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492%E2%80%932015&rft.pages=571&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7470-7&rft.au=Micheal+Clodfelter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8urEDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC&pg=PA662"><i>The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 662. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-948-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-948-1"><bdi>978-1-85109-948-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123843/https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC&pg=PA662">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Middle+East+Wars%3A+The+United+States+in+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.pages=662&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-948-1&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU05OvsOPeKMC%26pg%3DPA662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2005" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Matthew (Winter 2005). "Lebanon's Armed Forces and the Arab-Israeli War, 1948–49". <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>34</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">24–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2005.34.2.024">10.1525/jps.2005.34.2.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154088601">154088601</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+Armed+Forces+and+the+Arab-Israeli+War%2C+1948%E2%80%9349&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154088601%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2005.34.2.024&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-politics-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politics_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_M._Garfinkle2000" class="citation book cs1">Adam M. Garfinkle (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=si1oUnk5N3QC&pg=PA61"><i>Politics and Society in Modern Israel: Myths and Realities</i></a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0514-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0514-6"><bdi>978-0-7656-0514-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+and+Society+in+Modern+Israel%3A+Myths+and+Realities&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0514-6&rft.au=Adam+M.+Garfinkle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsi1oUnk5N3QC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laurens-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laurens_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laurens_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurens 2007 p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2008, pp. 404–406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1988" class="citation journal cs1">Khalidi, Walid (1 October 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2307/2537591">"Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine"</a>. <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>18</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2537591">10.2307/2537591</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537591">2537591</a>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Plan Dalet' or 'Plan D' was the name given by the Zionist High Command to the general plan for military operations within the framework of which the Zionists launched successive offensives in April and early May 1948 in various parts of Palestine. These offensives, which entailed the destruction of the Palestinian Arab community and the expulsion and pauperization of the bulk of the Palestine Arabs, were calculated to achieve the military fait accompli upon which the state of Israel was to be based.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Plan+Dalet%3A+Master+Plan+for+the+Conquest+of+Palestine&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=1988-10-01&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2537591%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2537591&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Walid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.2307%2F2537591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>David Tal, <i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,</i> p. 153.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlamim2007" class="citation cs2">Shlamim, Avi (19 November 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/war-for-palestine/saudi-arabia-and-the-1948-palestine-war-beyond-official-history/17C7AAA874E986FB9D35D289F8CA09DE">"Israel and the Arab coalition in 1948"</a>, <i>The War for Palestine</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">228–</span>247, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fcbo9781139167413.014">10.1017/cbo9781139167413.014</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87598-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87598-1"><bdi>978-0-521-87598-1</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123851/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/war-for-palestine/saudi-arabia-and-the-1948-palestine-war-beyond-official-history/17C7AAA874E986FB9D35D289F8CA09DE">archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023, <q>In the first phase of the conflict, from the passage of the United Nations partition resolution on 29 November 1947 until the proclamation of statehood on 14 May 1948, the Yishuv had to defend itself against attacks from Palestinian irregulars and volunteers from the Arab world. Following the proclamation of the state of Israel, however, the neighboring Arab states and Iraq committed their regular armies to the battle against the Jewish state</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+War+for+Palestine&rft.atitle=Israel+and+the+Arab+coalition+in+1948&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E228-%3C%2Fspan%3E247&rft.date=2007-11-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fcbo9781139167413.014&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87598-1&rft.aulast=Shlamim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fabs%2Fwar-for-palestine%2Fsaudi-arabia-and-the-1948-palestine-war-beyond-official-history%2F17C7AAA874E986FB9D35D289F8CA09DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eSBpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA307">Book: What Happened Where</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222163527/https://books.google.com/books?id=eSBpAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA307">Archived</a> 22 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 307, by Chris Cook and Diccon Bewes, published by Routledge, section from book: Arab-Israeli War 1948–9: Israel was invaded by the armies of its Arab neighbours on the day the British Mandate ended, 15 May 1948. After initial Arab gains, Israel counter-attacked successfully, enlarging its national territory...</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTal2004" class="citation book cs1">Tal, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/881747492"><i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy</i></a>. Routledge. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-76137-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-76137-6"><bdi>978-0-415-76137-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/881747492">881747492</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123847/https://worldcat.org/title/881747492">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2022</span>. <q>The invasion of Palestine by the Arab Armies started on 15 May, when the Iraqi, Syrian, Jordanian and Egyptian forces crossed the international border.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+Palestine%2C+1948%3A+Israeli+and+Arab+Strategy+and+Diplomacy&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F881747492&rft.isbn=978-0-415-76137-6&rft.aulast=Tal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F881747492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2008), p. 401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris2008p236-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p236_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, pp. 236, 237, 247, 253, 254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeev Maoz, <i>Defending the Holy Land</i>, University of Michigan Press, 2009 p. 4: 'A combined invasion of a Jordanian and Egyptian army started ... The Syrian and the Lebanese armies engaged in a token effort but did not stage a major attack on the Jewish state.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogan and Shlaim 2007 p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cragg 1997 pp. 57, 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHacohen2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dvora_Hacohen" title="Dvora Hacohen">Hacohen, Dvora</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hCw6v0TFhdMC&pg=PA267">"Aliyah to Israel by Country of Origin and Year of Aliyah, 14 May 1948–31 December 1953"</a>. <i>Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and After</i>. <a href="/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press" title="Syracuse University Press">Syracuse University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2969-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2969-6"><bdi>978-0-8156-2969-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aliyah+to+Israel+by+Country+of+Origin+and+Year+of+Aliyah%2C+14+May+1948%E2%80%9331+December+1953&rft.btitle=Immigrants+in+Turmoil%3A+Mass+Immigration+to+Israel+and+Its+Repercussions+in+the+1950s+and+After&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2969-6&rft.aulast=Hacohen&rft.aufirst=Dvora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhCw6v0TFhdMC%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BennyMorris2-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BennyMorris2_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BennyMorris2_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2001, pp. 259–260.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fischbach, Michael R. <i>Jewish Property Claims Against Arab Countries</i>. Columbia University Press, 2008, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253">United Nations: General Assembly: A/RES/181(II): 29 November 1947: <i>Resolution 181 (II). Future government of Palestine</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524094913/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253">Archived</a> 24 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>Greg Cashman, Leonard C. Robinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x7K2GYnXRngC&pg=PA165"><i>An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War 1 to Iraq,</i></a> Rowman & Littlefield 2007 p. 165.</li> <li>Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUeYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT57"><i>Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of Empire,</i></a> Palgrave/Macmillan 2011 p. 57</li> <li>Ilan Pappé (2000), p. 111</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC"><i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14524-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123844/https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14524-3&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Efraïm Karsh (2002), p. 30</li> <li>Benny Morris (2003), p. 101</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoav Gelber (2006), pp. 51–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971), chap. 7, pp. 131–153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971), p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Laurens (2005), p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold Krammer (1974), p. 89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Tal, <i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,</i> Routledge 2004 p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris2008p116-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-morris2008p116_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>At the time, Ben-Gurion and the HGS believed that they had initiated a one-shot affair, albeit with the implication of a change of tactics and strategy on the Jerusalem front. In fact, they had set in motion a strategic transformation of Haganah policy. Nahshon heralded a shift from the defensive to the offensive and marked the beginning of the implementation of tochnit dalet (Plan D) – without Ben-Gurion or the HGS ever taking an in principle decision to embark on its implementation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Tal, pp. 89–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominique Lapierre et Larry Collins (1971), pp. 369–381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Hogan2001" class="citation journal cs1">Matthew Hogan (2001). "The 1948 Massacre at Deir Yassin Revisited". <i>The Historian</i>. <b>63</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">309–</span>333. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24450239">24450239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historian&rft.atitle=The+1948+Massacre+at+Deir+Yassin+Revisited&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E309-%3C%2Fspan%3E333&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24450239%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Matthew+Hogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), pp. 242–243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), p. 242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Laurens (2005), pp. 85–86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), pp. 248–252</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), pp. 252–254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris_2003_16-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_2003_16_49-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2003, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Slater (1970), p. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Creveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Van Creveld">Martin Van Creveld</a>, <i>Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force</i>, Public Affairs (1998) 2002 p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Slater (1970), p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011072502/https://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/WING+AND+A+PRAYER+A">"A Wing and a Prayer"</a>. <i>American Public Television</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aptonline.org/catalog.nsf/vLinkTitle/WING+AND+A+PRAYER+A">the original</a> on 11 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Public+Television&rft.atitle=A+Wing+and+a+Prayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aptonline.org%2Fcatalog.nsf%2FvLinkTitle%2FWING%2BAND%2BA%2BPRAYER%2BA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2011-06-11/ty-article/al-schwimmer-founder-of-israel-aircraft-industries-dies-at-94/0000017f-dbec-db22-a17f-fffdedfb0000">"Al Schwimmer, Founder of Israel Aircraft Industries, Dies at 94"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Al+Schwimmer%2C+Founder+of+Israel+Aircraft+Industries%2C+Dies+at+94&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2011-06-11%2Fty-article%2Fal-schwimmer-founder-of-israel-aircraft-industries-dies-at-94%2F0000017f-dbec-db22-a17f-fffdedfb0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamin2013" class="citation news cs1">Kamin, Debra (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/remembrance-and-independence-2013/how-a-fake-kibbutz-was-built-to-hide-a-bullet-factory.premium-1.515584">"How a Fake Kibbutz Was Built to Hide a Bullet Factory"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190612112259/https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-how-a-fake-kibbutz-hid-a-bullet-factory-1.5238288">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=How+a+Fake+Kibbutz+Was+Built+to+Hide+a+Bullet+Factory&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.aulast=Kamin&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fremembrance-and-independence-2013%2Fhow-a-fake-kibbutz-was-built-to-hide-a-bullet-factory.premium-1.515584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, p. 73; Karsh 2002, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p25-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p25_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p25_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p25_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palestine1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palestine1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palestine1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palestine1_58-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Khalidi, 'Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine', J. Palestine Studies 18(1), pp. 4–33, 1988 (reprint of a 1961 article)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Joseph, Dov</a> (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thefaithfulcity0000unse"><i>The faithful city: the siege of Jerusalem, 1948</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thefaithfulcity0000unse/page/23/mode/2up">23</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thefaithfulcity0000unse/page/38/mode/2up">38</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/60-10976">60-10976</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/266413">266413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+faithful+city%3A+the+siege+of+Jerusalem%2C+1948&rft.pages=23%2C+38&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F266413&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F60-10976&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Dov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthefaithfulcity0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levin, Harry. "Jerusalem Embattled – A Diary of the City under Siege." Cassels, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33765-1">978-0-304-33765-1</a>. pp. 32, 117. Pay £P2 per month. c.f. would buy 2lb of meat in Jerusalem, April 1948. p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2004), p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber (2006), p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Kurzman, "Genesis 1948", 1970, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mi5-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mi5_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mi5_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016054552/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/releases/2006/march/jewish.htm">"Mi5 Files of Jewish Interest "the activities of Irgun, the Jewish organisation involved or implicated in numerous acts of terrorism in the closing years of the British mandate in Palestine"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Nationalarchives.gov.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/releases/2006/march/jewish.htm">the original</a> on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mi5+Files+of+Jewish+Interest+%22the+activities+of+Irgun%2C+the+Jewish+organisation+involved+or+implicated+in+numerous+acts+of+terrorism+in+the+closing+years+of+the+British+mandate+in+Palestine%22&rft.pub=Nationalarchives.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2Freleases%2F2006%2Fmarch%2Fjewish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens_(scholar)" title="Henry Laurens (scholar)">Henry Laurens</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Question_de_Palestine" title="La Question de Palestine">La Question de Palestine</a></i>, vol.3, <a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a> 2007 p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens_(scholar)" title="Henry Laurens (scholar)">Henry Laurens</a>, <i>La Question de Palestine</i>, vol. 3, Fayard 2007 p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBregman2010" class="citation book cs1">Bregman, Ahron (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K1hsUGt8fSMC&pg=PA24"><i>Israel's Wars : A History Since 1947</i></a> (3rd ed.). London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 23, 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42438-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42438-7"><bdi>978-0-415-42438-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123845/https://books.google.com/books?id=K1hsUGt8fSMC&pg=PA24">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Wars+%3A+A+History+Since+1947&rft.place=London&rft.pages=23%2C+24&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-42438-7&rft.aulast=Bregman&rft.aufirst=Ahron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK1hsUGt8fSMC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-morris_1948_397-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morris_1948_397_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-morris_1948_397_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, pp. 397–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moshe Naor,<i>Social Mobilization in the Arab/Israeli War of 1948: On the Israeli Home Front,</i> Routledge 2013 p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shay Hazkani,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sAMcEAAAQBAJ&dq=Hazkani%2BDear+Palestine%2BAbdullah+Dawud&pg=PT11"><i>Dear Palestine:A Social History of the 1948,</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222163528/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Dear_Palestine/sAMcEAAAQBAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Hazkani%2BDear+Palestine%2BAbdullah+Dawud&pg=PT11">Archived</a> 22 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a> 2021 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-503-61465-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-503-61465-9">978-1-503-61465-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josh Ruebner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondoweiss.net/2021/06/unsettling-1948-a-review-of-shay-hazkanis-dear-palestine/">'Unsettling 1948: A Review of Shay Hazkani's ‘Dear Palestine’,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624191219/https://mondoweiss.net/2021/06/unsettling-1948-a-review-of-shay-hazkanis-dear-palestine/">Archived</a> 24 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Mondoweiss" title="Mondoweiss">Mondoweiss</a> 24 June 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pappe, Ilan. <i>The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pappé, 2006, pp. xii, 86–126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber 2006 p. 306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2008 p. 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelber1-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber1_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber1_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoav Gelber, 2006, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelber_2006_p.11-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber_2006_p.11_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber_2006_p.11_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber_2006_p.11_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber (2006), p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Laurens_(scholar)" title="Henry Laurens (scholar)">Henry Laurens</a>, <i>La Question de Palestine</i>, Fayard, 2007 p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/649818">"Cablegram dated 15 May 1948 addressed to the Secretary-General by the Secretary-General of the League of Arab States"</a>. UN.org. 16 May 1948<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cablegram+dated+15+May+1948+addressed+to+the+Secretary-General+by+the+Secretary-General+of+the+League+of+Arab+States&rft.pub=UN.org&rft.date=1948-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitallibrary.un.org%2Frecord%2F649818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2008 p. 187; quoting p. 24 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i8FcAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24">Kirkbride's memoirs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogan and Shlaim 2007 p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 310</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sela-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sela_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sela_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sela, 2002, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p26-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p26_84-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2008), pp. 190–192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi_Shlaim1988" class="citation book cs1">Avi Shlaim (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofpartit00avis"><i>The Politics of Partition: King Abdullah, the Zionists and Palestine 1921–1951</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07365-3"><bdi>978-0-231-07365-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Partition%3A+King+Abdullah%2C+the+Zionists+and+Palestine+1921%E2%80%931951&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07365-3&rft.au=Avi+Shlaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofpartit00avis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tal,<i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,</i> p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zamir, 2010, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tripp, 2001, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasser1973" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser, Gamal Abdel</a> (Winter 1973). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2535478">"Nasser's Memoirs of the First Palestine War"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>. <b>2</b> (2). Translated and annotated by <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a>: 9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2535478">10.2307/2535478</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2535478">2535478</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928201645/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/Nasser%2C%20Memoirs%20of%20the%20First%20Palestine%20War.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Nasser%27s+Memoirs+of+the+First+Palestine+War&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1973&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2535478%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2535478&rft.aulast=Nasser&rft.aufirst=Gamal+Abdel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2535478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://larryjhs.fastmail.fm.user.fm/The%20Birth%20of%20the%20Palestinian%20Refugee%20Problem%20Revisited.pdf"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 76, 82, 104, 126, 130, 202, 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81120-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81120-0"><bdi>978-0-521-81120-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+Refugee+Problem+Revisited&rft.pages=76%2C+82%2C+104%2C+126%2C+130%2C+202%2C+253&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81120-0&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flarryjhs.fastmail.fm.user.fm%2FThe%2520Birth%2520of%2520the%2520Palestinian%2520Refugee%2520Problem%2520Revisited.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zamir-2019-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zamir-2019_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zamir-2019_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamir2019" class="citation journal cs1">Zamir, Meir (28 May 2019). "The role of MI6 in Egypt's decision to go to war against Israel in May 1948". <i>Intelligence and National Security</i>. <b>34</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">775–</span>799. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02684527.2019.1616389">10.1080/02684527.2019.1616389</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0268-4527">0268-4527</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191785036">191785036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intelligence+and+National+Security&rft.atitle=The+role+of+MI6+in+Egypt%27s+decision+to+go+to+war+against+Israel+in+May+1948&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E775-%3C%2Fspan%3E799&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191785036%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0268-4527&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02684527.2019.1616389&rft.aulast=Zamir&rft.aufirst=Meir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shlaim, 2001, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shlaim, 2001, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny Morris (2003), p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Creveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Van Creveld">Martin Van Creveld</a>,<i>Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force,</i>, Public Affairs (1998) 2002 p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2003), pp. 32–33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris (2008), p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benny (2008), p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Creveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Van Creveld">Martin Van Creveld</a>,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=baa0OKb51rIC&pg=PA80"><i>Sword and the Olive: A Critical History of the Israeli Defense Force,</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222163526/https://books.google.com/books?id=baa0OKb51rIC&pg=PA80">Archived</a> 22 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Public Affairs (1998) 2002 p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2008 p. 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris,_2003,_p._35-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris,_2003,_p._35_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris,_2003,_p._35_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2003, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 401</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collins and LaPierre, 1973 p. 355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zamir2010p22-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zamir2010p22_106-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamir2010" class="citation journal cs1">Zamir, Meir (January 2010). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bid' for Altalena: France's Covert Action in the 1948 War in Palestine". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (1). Routledge: 22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200903432258">10.1080/00263200903432258</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143924379">143924379</a>. <q>a) the suspension of arms sales to Syria, notwithstanding signed contracts; b) prevention of a large sale of arms by a Swiss company to Ethiopia, which was actually destined for Egypt and Transjordan; c) diplomatic pressure on Belgium to suspend arms sales to the Arab states; d) denial of a British request at the end of April to permit the landing of a squadron of British aircraft on their way to Transjordan; e) authorization of Air France to transport cargo to Tel Aviv on 13 May; f) allowing aircraft [carrying arms from Czechoslovakia] to land on French territory in transit to Israel; g) discreet French diplomatic support for Israel in the UN; h) two arms shipments to 'Nicaragua', which were actually intended for Israel.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Bid%27+for+Altalena%3A+France%27s+Covert+Action+in+the+1948+War+in+Palestine&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=22&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200903432258&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143924379%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zamir&rft.aufirst=Meir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBregman2002" class="citation book cs1">Bregman, Ahron (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oUSbvWDgYucC&pg=PA24"><i>Israel's Wars: A History since 1947</i></a>. Routledge. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28716-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28716-6"><bdi>978-0-415-28716-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123847/https://books.google.com/books?id=oUSbvWDgYucC&pg=PA24">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Wars%3A+A+History+since+1947&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28716-6&rft.aulast=Bregman&rft.aufirst=Ahron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoUSbvWDgYucC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morgan, Michael L.:<i>The Philosopher as Witness: Fackenheim and Responses to the Holocaust</i>, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Gurion, David <i>War Diaries, 1947–1949</i>. Arabic edition translated by Samir Jabbour. Institute of Palestine Studies, Beirut, 1994. p. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later, in the midst of the war, Yitzhak Rabin was succeeded by Joseph Tebenkin who led <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ha-Har" title="Operation Ha-Har">Operation Ha-Har</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008: pp. 176–177</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-onwar-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-onwar_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-onwar_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-onwar_112-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120406090925/http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/ink/israel/fisrael1948.htm">"Wars of the World: Israeli War of Independence 1948–1949"</a>. Onwar.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onwar.com/aced/nation/ink/israel/fisrael1948.htm">the original</a> on 6 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wars+of+the+World%3A+Israeli+War+of+Independence+1948%E2%80%931949&rft.pub=Onwar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onwar.com%2Faced%2Fnation%2Fink%2Fisrael%2Ffisrael1948.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laffin, John: <i>The Israeli Army in the Middle East Wars 1948–73</i>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laurens, vol. 3 p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yaakov-2014-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yaakov-2014_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yaakov-2014_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYaakov2014" class="citation web cs1">Yaakov, Yifa (2 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/british-deserter-who-stole-tanks-for-haganah-dies/">"British deserter who stole tanks for Haganah dies"</a>. Timesofisrael.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125001051/https://www.timesofisrael.com/british-deserter-who-stole-tanks-for-haganah-dies/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+deserter+who+stole+tanks+for+Haganah+dies&rft.pub=Timesofisrael.com&rft.date=2014-02-02&rft.aulast=Yaakov&rft.aufirst=Yifa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fbritish-deserter-who-stole-tanks-for-haganah-dies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold Krammer (1974), p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2007" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Greg (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=575-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212"><i>Imperial Defence: The Old World Order, 1856–1956</i></a>. Routledge. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-25246-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-25246-6"><bdi>978-1-134-25246-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123847/https://books.google.com/books?id=575-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+Defence%3A+The+Old+World+Order%2C+1856%E2%80%931956&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-134-25246-6&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D575-AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber (2006), p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, pp. 26–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p27-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p27_120-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p27_120-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201142817/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794208,00.html">"Trans-Jordan: Chess Player & Friend"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 16 February 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794208,00.html">the original</a> on 1 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Trans-Jordan%3A+Chess+Player+%26+Friend&rft.date=1948-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C794208%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ma'an Abu Nawar, <i>The Jordanian-Israeli war, 1948–1951: a history of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan</i>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, <i>Victimes : histoire revisitée du conflit arabo-sioniste</i>, 2003, pp. 241, 247–255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPollack2004?-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPollack2004?_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPollack2004">Pollack 2004</a>, p. ?.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2019" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Matthew (2019). "The Conduct of Operations: Glubb Pasha, the Arab Legion, and the First Arab–Israeli War, 1948–49". <i>War in History</i>. <b>26</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">539–</span>62. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26986953">26986953</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+in+History&rft.atitle=The+Conduct+of+Operations%3A+Glubb+Pasha%2C+the+Arab+Legion%2C+and+the+First+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War%2C+1948%E2%80%9349&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E539-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26986953%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span> "It was the only Arab army in 1948 that covered itself in glory, defeating Israel in two sets of battles in and around Jerusalem's old city and at Latrun (15 May–18 July)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHect2009" class="citation web cs1">Hect, Aaron (8 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/israel-guide/tel-aviv-and-center-tours/latrun-the-battle-for-latrun">"Latrun - The Battle for Latrun"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Post">Jerusalem Post</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latrun+-+The+Battle+for+Latrun&rft.pub=Jerusalem+Post&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.aulast=Hect&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-guide%2Ftel-aviv-and-center-tours%2Flatrun-the-battle-for-latrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span> "One of the fiercest and most important battles of the War of Independence was the fight for the fortress of Latrun, which commanded the main road between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Kurzman, 'Genesis 1948', 1972, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Pappe, "The ethnic cleansing of Palestine", 2006, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pollack149-155-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pollack149-155_129-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pollack149-155_129-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollack, 2002, pp. 149–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack2002" class="citation book cs1">Pollack, Kenneth (2002). <i>Arabs at War : Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-3733-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-3733-9"><bdi>978-0-8032-3733-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49225708">49225708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabs+at+War+%3A+Military+Effectiveness%2C+1948%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49225708&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-3733-9&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartoch2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Hartoch, Noam (July 2015). <i>A history of the Syrian Air Force 1947-1967</i> (PhD thesis). King's College London. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:211516103">211516103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+history+of+the+Syrian+Air+Force+1947-1967&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=King%27s+College+London&rft.date=2015-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A211516103%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hartoch&rft.aufirst=Noam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605014133/http://www.aisisraelstudies.org/2006papers/Gelber%20Yoav%202006.pdf">"Yoav Gelber, 2006, 'Sharon's Inheritance'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aisisraelstudies.org/2006papers/Gelber%20Yoav%202006.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yoav+Gelber%2C+2006%2C+%27Sharon%27s+Inheritance%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aisisraelstudies.org%2F2006papers%2FGelber%2520Yoav%25202006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rogan and Shlaim 2001, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollack, 2002, pp. 15–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Kurzman, "Genesis 1948", 1972, p. 556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tripp2002p73-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tripp2002p73_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Tripp2002" class="citation book cs1">Charles Tripp (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WR-Cnw1UCJEC&pg=PA100"><i>A History of Iraq</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52900-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52900-6"><bdi>978-0-521-52900-6</bdi></a>. <q>.= Iraq had dispatched 3,000 troops to the front in May and in the months that followed a further 15,000 troops were sent, making them the largest single Arab force in Palestine (also – The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948, edited by Eugene L. Rogan, Avi Shlaim, chapter at pp. 125–49)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Iraq&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52900-6&rft.au=Charles+Tripp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWR-Cnw1UCJEC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollack, 2002, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, pp. 322, 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Uthman Hasan Salih. <i>Dawr Al-Mamlaka Al-'Arabiyya Al-Sa'udiyya Fi Harb Filastin 1367H/1948</i> (The role of Saudi Arabia in the Palestine war of 1948), Revue d'Histoire Maghrébine [Tunisia] 1986 13(43–44): 201–221. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0330-8987">0330-8987</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 205; cites British diplomatic communications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (1 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA332"><i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14524-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>King Abdullah had always acknowledged Arab (as distinct from Jordanian) weakness, and his son, Prince Talal, openly predicted defeat. at the last moment, several leaders, including King Ibn Sagud and Azzam Pasha – to avert catastrophe – secretly appealed to the British to soldier on in Palestine for at least another year. Egypt's foreign minister, Khashaba, had already done so. He 'wished they would remain, and suggested that it was their duty to do so.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14524-3&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker528-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker528_147-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker528_147-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2008" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA528"><i>The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 528. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-841-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-841-5"><bdi>978-1-85109-841-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320123847/https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA528">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict%3A+A+Political%2C+Social%2C+and+Military+History&rft.pages=528&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-841-5&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYAd8efHdVzIC%26pg%3DPA528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a>, <i>Palestine 1948</i>, 2006 – Chap. 8 "The Arab Regular Armies' Invasion of Palestine".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212204736/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/38D6FE31E6BEDBC485257089006EC7E5">"Communication dated 11 May 1948 from J. Fletcher-Cooke of the United Kingdom delegation to the United Nations Commission on Palestine to Dr. Ralph J. Bunche, Principal Secretary to the Commission: Retrieved 15 December 2013"</a>. Unispal.un.org. 12 May 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/38D6FE31E6BEDBC485257089006EC7E5">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communication+dated+11+May+1948+from+J.+Fletcher-Cooke+of+the+United+Kingdom+delegation+to+the+United+Nations+Commission+on+Palestine+to+Dr.+Ralph+J.+Bunche%2C+Principal+Secretary+to+the+Commission%3A+Retrieved+15+December+2013&rft.pub=Unispal.un.org&rft.date=1948-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F38D6FE31E6BEDBC485257089006EC7E5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sean F. McMahon,<i>The Discourse of Palestinian-Israeli Relations: Persistent Analytics and Practices,</i> Routledge 2010 p. 37: "If it wasn't for the Arab invasion there would have been no stop to the expansion of the forces of Haganah who could have, with the same drive, reached the natural borders of western Israel". <a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a>, "Plan Dalet: Master Plan for the Conquest of Palestine," <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>, Vol. 18, No. 1, Special Issue: Palestine 1948, (Autumn,1988), pp. 4–33, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gelber2006p130-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber2006p130_151-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gelber2006p130_151-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yoav Gelber (2006), p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber (2006), p. 11 "Lebanon was active in forming the political coalition, but ultimately abstained from military participation, presumably owing to the still influential Christians' opposition, encouraged by Jewish bribes."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zamir2010p21-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zamir2010p21_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZamir2010" class="citation journal cs1">Zamir, Meir (January 2010). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bid' for Altalena: France's Covert Action in the 1948 War in Palestine". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>46</b> (1). Routledge: 21, 32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200903432258">10.1080/00263200903432258</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143924379">143924379</a>. <q>Intelligence provided by the French consulate in Jerusalem on 12 May 1948 on the Arab armies' revised plan to invade the new state was crucial in Israel's success in withstanding the Arab invasion</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Bid%27+for+Altalena%3A+France%27s+Covert+Action+in+the+1948+War+in+Palestine&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21%2C+32&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200903432258&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143924379%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zamir&rft.aufirst=Meir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p56-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p56_156-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p56_156-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p56_156-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wallach et al. (Volume 2, 1978), p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tal, 2004, p. 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tal, 2004 p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161203093021/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/48iaf.html">"1948: The War of Independence"</a>. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/48iaf.html">the original</a> on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1948%3A+The+War+of+Independence&rft.pub=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FSociety_%2526_Culture%2F48iaf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, pp. 61–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p62-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p62_164-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy. David Tal</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, pp. 229–230</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2008p218-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p218_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA332"><i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14524-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>On 26–27 May, the Legionnaires took the Hurvat Israel (or "Hurva") Synagogue, the quarter's largest and most sacred building, and then, without reason, blew it up. 'This affair will rankle for generations in the heart of world Jewry,' predicted one Foreign Office official. The destruction of the synagogue shook Jewish morale.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14524-3&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Morris (2008), "1948: The First Arab-Israeli War", Yale University Press, New Haven, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9">978-0-300-12696-9</a>, p. 219).<a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Weingarten" title="Mordechai Weingarten">Mordechai Weingarten</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Netanel Lorch (1961), p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p60-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p60_170-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Palestine Post">The Palestine Post</a></i>: <i>State of Israel is Born</i> (1948)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pollack2002p448-457-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pollack2002p448-457_172-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pollack 2002, pp. 448–457</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, pp. 253–254</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tal,_2004,_pp._251-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tal,_2004,_pp._251_174-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tal,_2004,_pp._251_174-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tal, 2004, p. 251</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuy2002" class="citation book cs1">Dupuy, Trevor N. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carryingwaterasw0000tate/page/49"><i>Elusive Victory: The Arab–Israeli Wars, 1947–1974</i></a>. Military Book Club. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carryingwaterasw0000tate/page/49">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9654428-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9654428-0-0"><bdi>978-0-9654428-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elusive+Victory%3A+The+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+Wars%2C+1947%E2%80%931974&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Military+Book+Club&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-9654428-0-0&rft.aulast=Dupuy&rft.aufirst=Trevor+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarryingwaterasw0000tate%2Fpage%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1992" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Walid (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/All_That_Remains:_The_Palestinian_Villages_Occupied_and_Depopulated_by_Israel_in_1948" title="All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948">All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948</a></i>. Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 480. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9"><bdi>978-0-88728-224-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+That+Remains%3A+The+Palestinian+Villages+Occupied+and+Depopulated+by+Israel+in+1948&rft.pages=480&rft.pub=Institute+for+Palestine+Studies&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-88728-224-9&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Walid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230852/http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rwd13.htm">"Virtual Aviation Museum – RWD 13"</a>. Luftfahrtmuseum.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.luftfahrtmuseum.com/htmi/itf/rwd13.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virtual+Aviation+Museum+%E2%80%93+RWD+13&rft.pub=Luftfahrtmuseum.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luftfahrtmuseum.com%2Fhtmi%2Fitf%2Frwd13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayles1999" class="citation web cs1">Hayles, John (19 September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222090625/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/israel/iaftypes.htm">"Israel Air Force Aircraft Types"</a>. John Hayles, aeroflight.co.uk. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Focus+on+Israel%3A+MACHAL+%E2%80%93+Overseas+Volunteers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfa%2Fmfa-archive%2F1999%2Fpages%2Ffocus%2520on%2520israel-%2520machal%2520-%2520overseas%2520volunteers.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bercuson (1984), p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2001, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aloni, 2001, pp. 7–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navy-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-navy_186-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navy_186-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navy_186-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navy_186-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/machalnavy.html">"History of the Navy"</a>. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044400/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_%26_Culture/machalnavy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Navy&rft.pub=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FSociety_%2526_Culture%2Fmachalnavy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gershoni,_pp._46–47-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gershoni,_pp._46–47_187-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gershoni,_pp._46–47_187-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gershoni,_pp._46–47_187-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gershoni, pp. 46–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-statsgelber-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statsgelber_188-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statsgelber_188-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-statsgelber_188-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, 2004 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; Kinneret, p. 220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p64-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p64_189-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2008p269-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p269_190-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 2008, pp. 269–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ahron_Bregman" title="Ahron Bregman">Bregman</a>, 2002, p. 24 citing Ben Gurion's diary of the war</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhron_BregmanJihan_El-Tahri1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ahron_Bregman" title="Ahron Bregman">Ahron Bregman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jihan_El-Tahri" title="Jihan El-Tahri">Jihan El-Tahri</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fiftyyearswarisr00breg"><i>The Fifty Years War: Israel and the Arabs</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Books" title="BBC Books">BBC Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57500-057-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57500-057-2"><bdi>978-1-57500-057-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifty+Years+War%3A+Israel+and+the+Arabs&rft.pub=BBC+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-57500-057-2&rft.au=Ahron+Bregman&rft.au=Jihan+El-Tahri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffiftyyearswarisr00breg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dov Joseph (1960), p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/truce1.html">"The First Truce"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509154526/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/truce1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Truce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FHistory%2Ftruce1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/7D468BBE932AC79C802564C00037B882">Security Council, S/1025, 5 October 1948, Report by the United Nations, Mediator on the Observtation of the Truce in, Palestine in the Period from 11 June, to 9 July 1948</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203130025/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/7D468BBE932AC79C802564C00037B882">Archived</a> 3 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, During the period of the truce, three violations occurred ... of such a serious nature... the <i>Altalena</i> incident, the Negeb convoys, and the question of the water supply to Jerusalem.... <ol><li>the attempt by ...the Irgun Zvai Leumi to bring war materials and immigrants, including men of military age, into Palestine aboard the ship <i>Altalena</i> on 21 June...</li> <li>Another truce violation occurred through the refusal of Egyptian forces to permit the passage of relief convoys to Jewish settlements in the Negeb...</li> <li>The third violation of the truce arose as a result of the failure of the Transjordan and Iraqi forces to permit the flow of water to Jerusalem.</li></ol> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfred A. Knopf. <i>A History of Israel from the Rise of Zionism to Our Time</i>. New York. 1976. p. 330. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48564-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48564-5">978-0-394-48564-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, 2006<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; Kinneret, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Levy" title="Gideon Levy">Gideon Levy</a> and Alex Levac, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/twilight-zone/1.550550">'Drafting the blueprint for Palestinian refugees' right of return,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016054552/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/twilight-zone/1.550550">Archived</a> 16 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> 4 October 2013: 'In all the Arab villages in the south almost nobody fought. The villagers were so poor, so miserable, that they didn't even have weapons ... The flight of these residents began when we started to clean up the routes used by those accompanying the convoys. Then we began to expel them, and in the end they fled on their own.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Tal, <i>War in Palestine, 1948: Israeli and Arab Strategy and Diplomacy,</i> Routledge 2004 p. 307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herzog and Gazit, 2005, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lorch, Netanel (1998). <i>History of the War of Independence</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kadish, Alon, and Sela, Avraham. (2005) "Myths and historiography of the 1948 Palestine War revisited: the case of Lydda," <i>The Middle East Journal</i>, 22 September 2005; and Khalidi, Walid. (1998) Introduction to Munayyer, Spiro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144237/http://www.palestine-studies.org/enakba/Memoirs/Munayyer,%20The%20Fall%20of%20Lydda.pdf">The fall of Lydda</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 80–98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC&pg=PA287+"><i>1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14524-3"><bdi>978-0-300-14524-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14524-3&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC%26pg%3DPA287%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Slater, Jerome, <i>Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917-2020</i> (New York, 2020; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Nov. 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459086.003.0001">https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190459086.003.0001</a>. "During the 1948 war Rabin was a leading Haganah general and commander of a force that violently expelled 50,000 inhabitants of the Palestinian towns of Lydda and Ramle."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pappé 2006, "[...] expelled the populations of the two towns of Lydd and Ramla, altogether 70,000 people"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris1987" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofpalestini00morr"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofpalestini00morr/page/203">203–11</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33889-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33889-9"><bdi>978-0-521-33889-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+Refugee+Problem%2C+1947%E2%80%931949&rft.pages=203-11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-521-33889-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirthofpalestini00morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allthatremains.com/Maps/IsraeliMiliteryDuringTheTruce07-08-48-To-07-18-48.jpg">Map of the Attacks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050414014404/http://www.allthatremains.com/Maps/IsraeliMiliteryDuringTheTruce07-08-48-To-07-18-48.jpg">Archived</a> 14 April 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li>A. Ilan, <i>Bernadotte in Palestine</i>, 1948 (Macmillan, 1989) p. 194</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bowyer_Bell" title="J. Bowyer Bell">J. Bowyer Bell</a>, Assassination in International Politics, <i>International Studies Quarterly</i>, vol. 16, March 1972, pp. 59–82.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberman1995" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Haberman" title="Clyde Haberman">Haberman, Clyde</a> (22 February 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/22/books/books-of-the-times-terrorism-can-be-just-another-point-of-view.html?pagewanted=all">"Terrorism Can Be Just Another Point of View"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190620083956/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/22/books/books-of-the-times-terrorism-can-be-just-another-point-of-view.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2008</span>. <q>Mr. Shamir, nearly 80, still speaks elliptically about the Bernadotte assassination. Years later, when Ben-Gurion moved to a kibbutz in the Negev desert, Sdeh Bokker, one of his closest friends there was Yehoshua Cohen, who had been one of the assassins.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Terrorism+Can+Be+Just+Another+Point+of+View&rft.date=1995-02-22&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F02%2F22%2Fbooks%2Fbooks-of-the-times-terrorism-can-be-just-another-point-of-view.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span> Review of Kati Marton's biography.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowell1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cowell" title="Alan Cowell">Cowell, Alan</a> (2 November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/02/world/middle-east-talks-reporter-s-notebook-syria-offers-old-photo-fill-empty-chair.html?pagewanted=all">"The Middle East Talks: Reporter's Notebook; Syria Offers Old Photo To Fill an Empty Chair"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220327040650/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/02/world/middle-east-talks-reporter-s-notebook-syria-offers-old-photo-fill-empty-chair.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2008</span>. <q>In recent years, several members of the group known by the British as the Stern Gang have acknowledged responsibility for the killing. Mr. Shamir, who was a member of the Stern Gang, has declined to discuss the killing, and one of his spokesman has said he had no role in it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Middle+East+Talks%3A+Reporter%27s+Notebook%3B+Syria+Offers+Old+Photo+To+Fill+an+Empty+Chair&rft.date=1991-11-02&rft.aulast=Cowell&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F02%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east-talks-reporter-s-notebook-syria-offers-old-photo-fill-empty-chair.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624062229/http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/israellaws/fulltext/areajurisdictionpowersord.htm">"Area of Jurisdiction and Powers Ordinance (1948)"</a>. Israellawresourcecenter.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israellawresourcecenter.org/israellaws/fulltext/areajurisdictionpowersord.htm">the original</a> on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+of+Jurisdiction+and+Powers+Ordinance+%281948%29&rft.pub=Israellawresourcecenter.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israellawresourcecenter.org%2Fisraellaws%2Ffulltext%2Fareajurisdictionpowersord.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2008p298-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p298_211-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p298_211-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p298_211-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'the Little Triangle': Ijzim, Ein Ghazal, and Jaba. The villages repeatedly fired at Israeli traffic along the coast road and were supplied by the Iraqis from northern Samaria. … Sniping at traffic continued after the start of the Second Truce, …on 24 July Israel launched mivtza shoter (Operation Policeman). The aim was 'to gain control' of the coast road between Zikhron Yaakov and Haifa 'and to destroy all the enemy in the area.'… By 26 July it was over. Most of the inhabitants fled before and during the attack, reaching northern Samaria; hundreds of others were forcibly expelled during the following days. At least a hundred militiamen and civilians were killed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shapira, Anita. Yigal Allon; Native Son; A Biography Translated by Evelyn Abel, University of Pennsylvania Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4028-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4028-3">978-0-8122-4028-3</a> p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gelber, 2006, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karsh2002p68-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karsh2002p68_214-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarsh2002">Karsh 2002</a>, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein2003" class="citation book cs1">Hussein, Hussein Abu (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4hdL3AtNhw4C&pg=PA85"><i>Access Denied: Palestinian Land Rights in Israel</i></a>. Zed Books. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-122-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84277-122-8"><bdi>978-1-84277-122-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Access+Denied%3A+Palestinian+Land+Rights+in+Israel&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84277-122-8&rft.aulast=Hussein&rft.aufirst=Hussein+Abu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4hdL3AtNhw4C%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/operation_Hiram.htm">"Operation Hiram"</a>. Zionism-israel.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190524084536/http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/operation_Hiram.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Hiram&rft.pub=Zionism-israel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zionism-israel.com%2Fdic%2Foperation_Hiram.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Shlomo Ben-Ami</a> (Shlomo Ben-Ami (2006), pp. 41–42)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2008p320-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2008p320_218-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2008" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ"><i>1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9"><bdi>978-0-300-12696-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119160921/https://books.google.com/books?id=J5jtAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>If the front lines of 14 October were to turn into permanent borders, Israel would be truncated and extremely vulnerable. Moreover, the no-peace, no-war situation was untenable. As David Ben-Gurion put it to his ministers on 26 September, "A protracted truce will break us. The Egyptian expeditionary force had to be destroyed or, at the least, driven from Palestine</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948%3A+a+history+of+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12696-9&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ5jtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris 2008, p. 404</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1992" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Walid (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ"><i>All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948</i></a>. Institute for Palestine Studies. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9"><bdi>978-0-88728-224-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320124349/https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+That+Remains%3A+The+Palestinian+Villages+Occupied+and+Depopulated+by+Israel+in+1948&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Institute+for+Palestine+Studies&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-88728-224-9&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Walid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_By7AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissensteinDvir2008" class="citation book cs1">Weissenstein, Rudi; Dvir, Ori (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClVAAAAYAAJ"><i>Rudi Weissenstein: Israel Early Photographs</i></a>. Modan Publishing House. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7141-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7141-10-6"><bdi>978-965-7141-10-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320124411/https://books.google.com/books?id=6ClVAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rudi+Weissenstein%3A+Israel+Early+Photographs&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Modan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-965-7141-10-6&rft.aulast=Weissenstein&rft.aufirst=Rudi&rft.au=Dvir%2C+Ori&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ClVAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan1988" class="citation book cs1">Dan, Uri (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/topromisedlandbi00danu"><i>To the Promised Land: The Birth of Israel</i></a></span>. Doubleday Religious Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/topromisedlandbi00danu/page/267">267</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-24597-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-24597-5"><bdi>978-0-385-24597-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+the+Promised+Land%3A+The+Birth+of+Israel&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Doubleday+Religious+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-385-24597-5&rft.aulast=Dan&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftopromisedlandbi00danu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spyflight-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-spyflight_223-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180414141639/http://www.spyflight.co.uk/iafvraf.htm">"Iaf V Raf"</a>. Spyflight.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spyflight.co.uk/iafvraf.htm">the original</a> on 14 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iaf+V+Raf&rft.pub=Spyflight.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spyflight.co.uk%2Fiafvraf.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aloni, 2001, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aloni-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aloni_225-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aloni_225-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aloni_225-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aloni_225-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aloni, 2001, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Michael Joseph: <i>Truman and Israel</i> (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109025501/http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/ai/weapons.htm">"Weapons of the Arab-Israeli Wars"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balagan.org.uk/war/ai/weapons.htm">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weapons+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Wars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balagan.org.uk%2Fwar%2Fai%2Fweapons.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins,_LarryLapierre,_Dominique1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Collins_(writer)" title="Larry Collins (writer)">Collins, Larry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lapierre" title="Dominique Lapierre">Lapierre, Dominique</a> (1972). <i><a href="/wiki/O_Jerusalem!" title="O Jerusalem!">O Jerusalem!</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-99459-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-99459-6"><bdi>978-0-297-99459-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/73160924">73160924</a>. <q>They fired a shell made out of water pipes and packed with explosives, nails and bits of scrap metal.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+Jerusalem%21&rft.place=London&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F73160924&rft.isbn=978-0-297-99459-6&rft.au=Collins%2C+Larry&rft.au=Lapierre%2C+Dominique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlan1996" class="citation book cs1">Ilan, Amitzur (1996). <i>The Origin of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race</i>. St Antony's Series. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-349-13696-4">10.1007/978-1-349-13696-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-13698-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-13698-8"><bdi>978-1-349-13698-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Arms+Race&rft.place=London&rft.series=St+Antony%27s+Series&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-349-13696-4&rft.isbn=978-1-349-13698-8&rft.aulast=Ilan&rft.aufirst=Amitzur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvendale1997" class="citation journal cs1">Ovendale, Ritchie (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2170732">"Review of The Origin of the Arab-Israeli Arms Race: Arms, Embargo, Military Power and Decision in the 1948 Palestine War"</a>. <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>102</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1198–</span>1199. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2170732">10.2307/2170732</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762">0002-8762</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2170732">2170732</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Origin+of+the+Arab-Israeli+Arms+Race%3A+Arms%2C+Embargo%2C+Military+Power+and+Decision+in+the+1948+Palestine+War&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1198-%3C%2Fspan%3E1199&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0002-8762&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2170732%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2170732&rft.aulast=Ovendale&rft.aufirst=Ritchie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2170732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisKedar2022" class="citation journal cs1">Morris, Benny; Kedar, Benjamin Z. (1 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85138258079&partnerID=8YFLogxK">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Cast thy bread': Israeli biological warfare during the 1948 War"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>59</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">752–</span>776. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2022.2122448">10.1080/00263206.2022.2122448</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252389726">252389726</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=%27Cast+thy+bread%27%3A+Israeli+biological+warfare+during+the+1948+War&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E752-%3C%2Fspan%3E776&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252389726%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2022.2122448&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft.au=Kedar%2C+Benjamin+Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scopus.com%2Finward%2Frecord.url%3Fscp%3D85138258079%26partnerID%3D8YFLogxK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Carl Brown (2013), p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103074653/http://lawcenter.birzeit.edu/iol/en/index.php?action_id=210">"Legal Status in Palestine"</a>. Lawcenter.birzeit.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lawcenter.birzeit.edu/iol/en/index.php?action_id=210">the original</a> on 3 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Status+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Lawcenter.birzeit.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flawcenter.birzeit.edu%2Fiol%2Fen%2Findex.php%3Faction_id%3D210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobin2002" class="citation book cs1">Tobin, Maurine and Robert (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zeWXoGGptHAC&pg=PT271"><i>How Long O Lord?: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Voices from the Ground and visions for the future in Israel–Palestine</i></a>. Cowley Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56101-214-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56101-214-5"><bdi>978-1-56101-214-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320124417/https://books.google.com/books?id=zeWXoGGptHAC&pg=PT271">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Long+O+Lord%3F%3A+Christian%2C+Jewish%2C+and+Muslim+Voices+from+the+Ground+and+visions+for+the+future+in+Israel%E2%80%93Palestine&rft.pub=Cowley+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56101-214-5&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=Maurine+and+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzeWXoGGptHAC%26pg%3DPT271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shapira2014p173-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shapira2014p173_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnita_Shapira2014" class="citation book cs1">Anita Shapira (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2eEdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA173"><i>Ben-Gurion: Father of Modern Israel</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. 173–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18273-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18273-6"><bdi>978-0-300-18273-6</bdi></a>. <q>(Ben Gurion) He also did not flinch from provoking the United Nations by breaking the truce agreement. But the limit of his fearlessness was a clash with a Western power. Vainly, the right and Mapam accused him of defeatism. He did not flinch from confronting them but chose to maintain good relations with the United States, which he perceived as a potential ally of the new state, and also not to provoke the British lion, even though its fangs had been drawn. At the end of the war, when Yigal Allon, who represented the younger generation of commanders that had grown up in the war, demanded the conquest of the West Bank up to the Jordan River as the natural, defensible border of the state, Ben-Gurion refused. He recognized that the IDF was militarily strong enough to carry out the conquest, but he believed that the young state should not bite off more than it had already chewed. There was a limit to what the world was prepared to accept. Furthermore, the armistice borders – which later became known as the Green Line – were better than those he had dreamed of at the beginning of the war. In Ben-Gurion's opinion, in terms of territory Israel was satisfied. It was time to send the troops home and start work on building the new nation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ben-Gurion%3A+Father+of+Modern+Israel&rft.pages=173-&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18273-6&rft.au=Anita+Shapira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2eEdBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2009p79-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2009p79_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2009" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4ZztAAAAMAAJ"><i>One state, two states: resolving the Israel/Palestine conflict</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12281-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12281-7"><bdi>978-0-300-12281-7</bdi></a>. <q>in March 1949, just before the signing of the Israel-Transjordan armistice agreement, when IDF general Yigal Allon proposed conquering the West Bank, Ben-Gurion turned him down flat. Like most Israelis, Ben-Gurion had given up the dream</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+state%2C+two+states%3A+resolving+the+Israel%2FPalestine+conflict&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12281-7&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4ZztAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shalom2002p174-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shalom2002p174_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaki_Shalom2002" class="citation book cs1">Zaki Shalom (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KMTm5zOzUugC&pg=PA174"><i>David Ben-Gurion, the State of Israel and the Arab World, 1949–1956</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 174–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902210-21-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902210-21-6"><bdi>978-1-902210-21-6</bdi></a>. <q>The clearest expression of this 'activist' approach is found in a "personal, top secret" letter sent by Yigal Allon to BG shortly after ... We cannot imagine a border more stable than the Jordan River, which runs the entire length of the country</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+Ben-Gurion%2C+the+State+of+Israel+and+the+Arab+World%2C+1949%E2%80%931956&rft.pages=174-&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-902210-21-6&rft.au=Zaki+Shalom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKMTm5zOzUugC%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/93037E3B939746DE8525610200567883">General Progress Report and Supplementary Report of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, Covering the Period from 11 December 1949 to 23 October 1950</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140520201651/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/93037E3B939746DE8525610200567883">Archived</a> 20 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conciliation_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conciliation Commission">United Nations Conciliation Commission</a>, 23 October 1950. (U.N. General Assembly Official Records, 5th Session, Supplement No. 18, Document A/1367/Rev. 1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, <i>A Survey of Palestine</i>, Supplement, p. 10 (1946)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/219/">"The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research" title="Institute of Historical Research">Institute of Historical Research</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028213837/https://reviews.history.ac.uk/review/219">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Historical+Research&rft.atitle=The+War+for+Palestine%3A+Rewriting+the+History+of+1948&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freviews.history.ac.uk%2Freview%2F219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.cet.ac.il/pages/item.asp?item=13336">"Dr. Sarah Ozacky-Lazar, Relations between Jews and Arabs during Israel's first decade (in Hebrew)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606124854/http://lib.cet.ac.il/pages/item.asp?item=13336">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Sarah+Ozacky-Lazar%2C+Relations+between+Jews+and+Arabs+during+Israel%27s+first+decade+%28in+Hebrew%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.cet.ac.il%2Fpages%2Fitem.asp%3Fitem%3D13336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA_244-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palestine_refugees-UNRWA_244-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=86">"Palestine refugees"</a>. Unrwa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212728/http://unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=86">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+refugees&rft.pub=Unrwa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funrwa.org%2Fetemplate.php%3Fid%3D86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jerusalem_Fund-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_Fund_245-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_Fund_245-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/ht/display/ContentDetails/i/2591">"Re-claiming Palestine: The Legal Basis for Rights of Return and Restitution"</a>. Thejerusalemfund.org. 2 August 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606172307/http://www.thejerusalemfund.org/ht/display/ContentDetails/i/2591">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Re-claiming+Palestine%3A+The+Legal+Basis+for+Rights+of+Return+and+Restitution&rft.pub=Thejerusalemfund.org&rft.date=2005-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejerusalemfund.org%2Fht%2Fdisplay%2FContentDetails%2Fi%2F2591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Ginat_and_Edward_Joseph_Perkins2001" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Ginat and Edward Joseph Perkins (2001). <i>The Palestinian Refugees: Old Problems – new Solutions</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3393-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-3393-5"><bdi>978-0-8061-3393-5</bdi></a>. <q>In order to highlight the plight of the refugees and to put pressure on Israel to admit responsibility for them, Arab countries (except Transjordan) have denied citizenship rights to the Palestinians in their midst; in so doing, they claimed they were serving the interests of the Palestinians and supporting their right of return.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Refugees%3A+Old+Problems+%E2%80%93+new+Solutions&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-3393-5&rft.au=Joseph+Ginat+and+Edward+Joseph+Perkins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033403/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_01&CYear=2006">Population, by Religion and Population Group</a> (Report). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_01&CYear=2006">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Population%2C+by+Religion+and+Population+Group&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.cbs.gov.il%2Freader%2Fshnaton%2Ftempl_shnaton_e.html%3Fnum_tab%3Dst02_01%26CYear%3D2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sachar_pp395-403-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sachar_pp395-403_248-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sachar_pp395-403_248-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sachar_pp395-403_248-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sachar, pp. 395–403.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devorah Hakohen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOiPrm-6PsC&pg=PA292"><i>Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and after,</i></a> Syracuse University Press 2003 p. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005462">Displaced Persons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100330002158/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005462">Archived</a> 30 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> retrieved on 29 October 2007 from the U.S. Holocaust Museum.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Segev, <i>1949. The First Israelis</i>, Owl Books, 1986, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devorah Hakohen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fYOiPrm-6PsC&pg=PA292"><i>Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and after,</i></a> Syracuse University Press 2003 pp. 24, 31, 42, 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeker20054-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeker20054_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeker2005">Beker 2005</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shlaim-1995-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shlaim-1995_254-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlaim1995" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, Avi</a> (1995). "The Debate about 1948". <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>27</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">287–</span>304. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743800062097">10.1017/S0020743800062097</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7438">0020-7438</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/176252">176252</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55258863">55258863</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Debate+about+1948&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E287-%3C%2Fspan%3E304&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0020-7438&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55258863%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F176252%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743800062097&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2020" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Rashid (2020). <i>The Hundred Years' War on Palestine : A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017</i> (First ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-855-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62779-855-6"><bdi>978-1-62779-855-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1090697006">1090697006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years%27+War+on+Palestine+%3A+A+History+of+Settler+Colonialism+and+Resistance%2C+1917%E2%80%932017&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1090697006&rft.isbn=978-1-62779-855-6&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Indiana_University_Press-2016-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Indiana_University_Press-2016_256-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvraham_SelaAlon_Kadish2016" class="citation book cs1">Avraham Sela; Alon Kadish, eds. (2016). <i>The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4"><bdi>978-0-253-02341-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870">957554870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+of+1948+%3A+representations+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+memories+and+narratives&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F957554870&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02341-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sela-2016-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sela-2016_257-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sela-2016_257-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelaCaplan2016" class="citation book cs1">Sela, Avraham; Caplan, Neil (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVGSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA204">"Epilogue: Reflections on Post-Oslo Israeli and Palestinian History and Memory of 1948"</a>. In Avraham Sela; Alon Kadish (eds.). <i>The war of 1948 : representations of Israeli and Palestinian memories and narratives</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-02341-4"><bdi>978-0-253-02341-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/957554870">957554870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Epilogue%3A+Reflections+on+Post-Oslo+Israeli+and+Palestinian+History+and+Memory+of+1948&rft.btitle=The+war+of+1948+%3A+representations+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+memories+and+narratives&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F957554870&rft.isbn=978-0-253-02341-4&rft.aulast=Sela&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Caplan%2C+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVGSDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pappe-2009-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pappe-2009_258-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPappé2009" class="citation journal cs1">Pappé, Ilan (1 October 2009). "The Vicissitudes of the 1948 Historiography of Israel". <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">6–</span>23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2010.XXXIX.1.6">10.1525/jps.2010.XXXIX.1.6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10871%2F15209">10871/15209</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Vicissitudes+of+the+1948+Historiography+of+Israel&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10871%2F15209&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2010.XXXIX.1.6&rft.aulast=Papp%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2007" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Rashid (2007). "1 The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure". In Eugene L. Rogan; Avi Shlaim (eds.). <i>The war for Palestine : rewriting the history of 1948</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6"><bdi>978-0-511-37135-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192047956">192047956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+The+Palestinians+and+1948%3A+the+underlying+causes+of+failure&rft.btitle=The+war+for+Palestine+%3A+rewriting+the+history+of+1948&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192047956&rft.isbn=978-0-511-37135-6&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelber2010" class="citation book cs1">Gelber, Yoav (23 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0pVFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47">"The History of Zionist Historiography: From Apologetics to Denial"</a>. <i>Making Israel</i>. Benny Morris. University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02652-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-02652-4"><bdi>978-0-472-02652-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Zionist+Historiography%3A+From+Apologetics+to+Denial&rft.btitle=Making+Israel&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2010-04-23&rft.isbn=978-0-472-02652-4&rft.aulast=Gelber&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0pVFDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi2006" class="citation book cs1">Khalidi, Rashid (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1050548811"><i>The Iron Cage : The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood</i></a>. Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-808-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-808-5"><bdi>978-1-78074-808-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1050548811">1050548811</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Iron+Cage+%3A+The+Story+of+the+Palestinian+Struggle+for+Statehood&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1050548811&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-808-5&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1050548811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalidi1988" class="citation journal cs1">Khalidi, Rashid R. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857981">"Revisionist Views of the Modern History of Palestine: 1948"</a>. <i>Arab Studies Quarterly</i>. <b>10</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">425–</span>432. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0271-3519">0271-3519</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857981">41857981</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304193807/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857981">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+Studies+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Revisionist+Views+of+the+Modern+History+of+Palestine%3A+1948&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E425-%3C%2Fspan%3E432&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857981%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0271-3519&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41857981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEugene_L._RoganAvi_Shlaim2007" class="citation book cs1">Eugene L. Rogan; Avi Shlaim, eds. (2007). <i>The war for Palestine : rewriting the history of 1948</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-37135-6"><bdi>978-0-511-37135-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192047956">192047956</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+for+Palestine+%3A+rewriting+the+history+of+1948&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F192047956&rft.isbn=978-0-511-37135-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaid1986" class="citation journal cs1">Said, Edward W. (1 January 1986). "The Joan Peters Case*: From Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish Conflict Over Palestine, by Joan Peters". <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">144–</span>150. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2536835">10.2307/2536835</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536835">2536835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Joan+Peters+Case%2A%3A+From+Time+Immemorial%3A+The+Origins+of+the+Arab-Jewish+Conflict+Over+Palestine%2C+by+Joan+Peters&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E144-%3C%2Fspan%3E150&rft.date=1986-01-01&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2536835%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2536835&rft.aulast=Said&rft.aufirst=Edward+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Finkelstein, N. G.</a> 1988. "Disinformation and the Palestine Question: The Not-So-Strange Case of Joan Peters's From Time Immemorial". In <i>Blaming the Victims, Spurious Scholarship and the Palestinian Question</i>, ed. E. W. Said and C. Hitchens, pp. 33–69. London: <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmes2008" class="citation book cs1">Armes, Roy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&dq=%22a+girl+from+palestine%22+1948+film&pg=PA135"><i>Dictionary of African Filmmakers</i></a>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35116-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35116-6"><bdi>978-0-253-35116-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+African+Filmmakers&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-253-35116-6&rft.aulast=Armes&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D88sTRTl6yKwC%26dq%3D%2522a%2Bgirl%2Bfrom%2Bpalestine%2522%2B1948%2Bfilm%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/2015/05/12/arts-entertainment/israels-air-force-particularly-its-scrappy-beginnings-inspires-3-films">"Israeli Air Force, particularly its scrappy beginnings, inspires 3 films"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. 12 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117030244/http://www.jta.org/2015/05/12/arts-entertainment/israels-air-force-particularly-its-scrappy-beginnings-inspires-3-films">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Israeli+Air+Force%2C+particularly+its+scrappy+beginnings%2C+inspires+3+films&rft.date=2015-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F2015%2F05%2F12%2Farts-entertainment%2Fisraels-air-force-particularly-its-scrappy-beginnings-inspires-3-films&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_by_involved_parties">Works by involved parties</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Dunkelman" title="Ben Dunkelman">Dunkelman, Ben</a> (1976) <i>Dual Allegiance: An Autobiography</i>. Macmillan Company of Canada, Toronto. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7705-1429-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7705-1429-7">978-0-7705-1429-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dov_Yosef" title="Dov Yosef">Joseph, Dov</a> (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thefaithfulcity0000unse"><i>The Faithful City: The Siege of Jerusalem, 1948</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/60-10976">60-10976</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/266413">266413</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Faithful+City%3A+The+Siege+of+Jerusalem%2C+1948&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F266413&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F60-10976&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Dov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthefaithfulcity0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kagan, Benjamin (1966) <i>The Secret Battle for Israel</i>. World Publishing, Cleveland. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/66024991">66-24991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netanel_Lorch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netanel Lorch (page does not exist)">Lorch, Netanel</a> (1961) <i>The Edge of the Sword: Israel's War of Independence, 1947–1949</i>. New York, London: <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a> <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/61008345">61-8345</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_sources">Secondary sources</h3></div> <ul><li>Adrian, Nathan (2004). <i>Britain, Israel and Anglo-Jewry 1949–57</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a></li> <li>Aloni, Shlomo (2001). <i>Arab-Israeli Air Wars 1947–82</i>. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-294-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-294-4">978-1-84176-294-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Beckman_(writer)" title="Morris Beckman (writer)">Beckman, Morris</a> (1999). <i>The Jewish Brigade: An Army With Two Masters, 1944–45</i>. Sarpedon Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-423-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86227-423-5">978-1-86227-423-5</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeker2005" class="citation journal cs1">Beker, A. (2005). "The Forgotten Narrative: Jewish Refugees From Arab Countries". <i>Jewish Political Studies Review</i>. <b>17</b> (3/4): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25834637">25834637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Political+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+Forgotten+Narrative%3A+Jewish+Refugees+From+Arab+Countries&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25834637%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Beker&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span id="Ben-Ami"><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Ben-Ami, Shlomo</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/Scars_of_War,_Wounds_of_Peace:_The_Israeli-Arab_Tragedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Scars of War, Wounds of Peace: The Israeli-Arab Tragedy">Scars of War, Wounds of Peace: The Israeli-Arab Tragedy</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518158-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518158-6">978-0-19-518158-6</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meron_Benvenisti" title="Meron Benvenisti">Benvenisti, Meron</a> (2002). <i>Sacred Landscape</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23422-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23422-2">978-0-520-23422-2</a></li> <li>Bercuson, David (1983). <i>The Secret Army</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stein_and_Day" title="Stein and Day">Stein and Day</a>, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8128-2984-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8128-2984-6">978-0-8128-2984-6</a></li> <li>Bickerton, Ian and Hill, Maria (2003). <i>Contested Spaces: The Arab-Israeli Conflict</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-471217-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-471217-7">978-0-07-471217-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Black_(journalist)" title="Ian Black (journalist)">Black, Ian (1992)</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_Secret_Wars:_A_History_of_Israel%27s_Intelligence_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services">Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services</a></i>. Grove Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3286-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3286-4">978-0-8021-3286-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Bowyer_Bell" title="J. Bowyer Bell">Bowyer Bell, John</a> (1996). <i>Terror Out of Zion: The Fight For Israeli Independence</i>. <a href="/wiki/Transaction_Publishers" title="Transaction Publishers">Transaction Publishers</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56000-870-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56000-870-5">978-1-56000-870-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahron_Bregman" title="Ahron Bregman">Bregman, Ahron</a> (2002). <i>Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28716-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28716-6">978-0-415-28716-6</a></li> <li>Cragg, Kenneth. <i>Palestine. The Prize and Price of Zion</i>. Cassel, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-70075-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-70075-2">978-0-304-70075-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Van Creveld, Martin</a> (2004). <i><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84669-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-84669-7">978-0-297-84669-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Collins_(writer)" title="Larry Collins (writer)">Collins, Larry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lapierre" title="Dominique Lapierre">Lapierre, Dominique</a> (1973). <i><a href="/wiki/O_Jerusalem!" title="O Jerusalem!">O Jerusalem!</a></i>, Pan Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-23514-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-23514-3">978-0-330-23514-3</a></li> <li>El-Nawawy, Mohammed (2002), <i>The Israeli-Egyptian Peace Process in the Reporting of Western Journalists</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ablex_Publishing" title="Ablex Publishing">Ablex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Publishing">Greenwood</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56750-544-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56750-544-3">978-1-56750-544-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simha_Flapan" title="Simha Flapan">Flapan, Simha</a> (1987), <i>The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pantheon_Books" title="Pantheon Books">Pantheon Books</a>, New York.</li> <li>Geddes, Charles L. (1991). <i>A Documentary History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict</i>. <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93858-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-93858-1">978-0-275-93858-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Gelber, Yoav</a> (1997). <i>Jewish-Transjordanian Relations 1921–48: Alliance of Bars Sinister</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4675-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4675-6">978-0-7146-4675-6</a></li> <li>Gelber, Yoav (2004). <i>Israeli-Jordanian Dialogue, 1948–1953: Cooperation, Conspiracy, or Collusion?</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Academic_Press" title="Sussex Academic Press">Sussex Academic Press</a>.</li> <li>Gelber, Yoav (2004) "<i>Independence Versus Nakba</i>"; <a href="/wiki/Kinneret_Zmora-Bitan_Dvir" title="Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir">Kinneret Zmora-Bitan Dvir</a> Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-517-190-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-517-190-7">978-965-517-190-7</a></li> <li>Gelber, Yoav (2006). <i>Palestine 1948. War, Escape and the Emergence of the Palestinian Refugee Problem</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sussex_Academic_Press" title="Sussex Academic Press">Sussex Academic Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-075-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-075-0">978-1-84519-075-0</a></li> <li>Gershoni, Haim (1989). <i>Israel: The Way it was</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_University_Presses" title="Associated University Presses">Associated University Presses</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1998). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn6gAAAAMAAJ">Israel: A History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027065629/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wn6gAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> 27 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_(imprint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Swan (imprint)">Black Swan</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-552-99545-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-552-99545-0">978-0-552-99545-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1976). <i>The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Its History in Maps</i> <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-77241-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-77241-5">978-0-297-77241-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dore_Gold" title="Dore Gold">Gold, Dore</a> (2007), <i>The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City</i>, <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-029-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-029-7">978-1-59698-029-7</a></li> <li>Israel Foreign Ministry, Foreign Ministry of the Russian Federation, Israel State Archives, Russian Federal Archives, Cummings Center for Russian Studies Tel Aviv University, Oriental Institute (2000). <i>Documents on Israeli Soviet Relations, 1941–53</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4843-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-4843-9">978-0-7146-4843-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Kaniuk" title="Yoram Kaniuk">Kaniuk, Yoram</a> (2001). <i>Commander of the Exodus</i>. Grove Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3808-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3808-8">978-0-8021-3808-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarsh2002" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Karsh, Efraim</a> (2002), <i>The Arab-Israeli Conflict. The Palestine War 1948</i>, Osprey, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-372-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-372-9"><bdi>978-1-84176-372-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab-Israeli+Conflict.+The+Palestine+War+1948&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-372-9&rft.aulast=Karsh&rft.aufirst=Efraim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Fischbach, Michael R. 'Land'. In <a href="/wiki/Philip_Mattar" title="Philip Mattar">Philip Mattar</a> (ed.) <i>Encyclopedia of the Palestinians,</i> Infobase Publishing. 2005. pp. 291–298</li> <li>Heller, Joseph. <i>The Birth of Israel, 1945–1949: Ben-Gurion and His Critics</i>, University Press of Florida, 2001</li> <li>Katz, Sam (1988). <i>Israeli Units Since 1948</i>. <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-837-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85045-837-4">978-0-85045-837-4</a></li> <li>Khalaf, Issa <i>Politics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration, 1939–1948</i>. SUNY Press, 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Khalidi, Rashid</a> (2001). "The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure." In Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim (eds.). <i>The War for Palestine</i> (pp. 12–36). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79476-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79476-3">978-0-521-79476-3</a></li> <li>Khalidi, Rashid (2006). <i>The Iron Cage:The Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood</i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Press" title="Beacon Press">Beacon Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-0309-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-0309-1">978-0-8070-0309-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Khalidi, Walid</a> (1987). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qSpIAAAAMAAJ">From Haven to Conquest: Readings in Zionism and the Palestine Problem Until 1948</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Palestine_Studies" title="Institute for Palestine Studies">Institute for Palestine Studies</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-155-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-155-6">978-0-88728-155-6</a></li> <li>Khalidi, Walid (ed.) (1992). <i>All that remains</i>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Palestine_Studies" title="Institute for Palestine Studies">Institute for Palestine Studies</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-224-9">978-0-88728-224-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Kr%C3%A4mer" title="Gudrun Krämer">Krämer, Gudrun</a>, <i>A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel,</i> Princeton UP 2011.</li> <li>Krammer, Arnold. (1974). <i>The Forgotten Friendship: Israel and the Soviet Bloc 1947–53</i>. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-00396-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-00396-7">978-0-252-00396-7</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurzman1970" class="citation book cs1">Kurzman, Dan (1970). <i>Genesis 1948 – the first Arab-Israeli war</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_American_Library" title="New American Library">New American Library</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/77-96925">77-96925</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genesis+1948+%E2%80%93+the+first+Arab-Israeli+war&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=New+American+Library&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F77-96925&rft.aulast=Kurzman&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Landis" title="Joshua Landis">Landis, Joshua</a>. "Syria and the Palestine War: fighting King 'Abdullah's 'Greater Syria plan.'" Rogan and Shlaim. <i>The War for Palestine</i>. 178–205.</li> <li>Levenberg, Haim (1993). <i>Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945–1948</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3439-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3439-5">978-0-7146-3439-5</a></li> <li>Levin, Harry. <i>Jerusalem Embattled – A Diary of the City under Siege.</i> Cassels, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33765-1">978-0-304-33765-1</a></li> <li>Lockman, Zachary. <i>Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906–1948</i>. University of California Press, 1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saree_Makdisi" title="Saree Makdisi">Makdisi Saree</a>, <i>Palestine Inside Out: An Everyday Occupation,</i> W.W. Norton & Company 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur-eldeen_Masalha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-eldeen Masalha">Masalha, Nur</a> (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Palestinians:_The_Concept_of_%27Transfer%27_in_Zionist_Political_Thought,_1882%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of 'Transfer' in Zionist Political Thought, 1882–1948">Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of 'Transfer' in Zionist Political Thought, 1882–1948</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Palestine_Studies" title="Institute for Palestine Studies">Institute for Palestine Studies</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-235-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-235-5">978-0-88728-235-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (1988), <i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949</i>, Cambridge Middle East Library</li> <li>Morris, Benny (1994), <i><a href="/wiki/1948_and_after;_Israel_and_the_Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 and after; Israel and the Palestinians">1948 and after; Israel and the Palestinians</a></i></li> <li>Morris, Benny (2001). <i>Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001</i>. <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-74475-7">978-0-679-74475-7</a></li> <li>Morris, Benny (2004), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://larryjhs.fastmail.fm.user.fm/The%20Birth%20of%20the%20Palestinian%20Refugee%20Problem%20Revisited.pdf">The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, Cambridge, UK, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81120-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81120-0">978-0-521-81120-0</a></li> <li>Morris, Benny (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/1948historyoffir00morr/page/332"><i>1948: The First Arab-Israeli War</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, New Haven, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12696-9">978-0-300-12696-9</a></li> <li>Oring, Elliott (1981). <i>Israeli Humor – The Content: The Content and Structure of the Chizbat of the Palmah</i>. <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-512-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87395-512-6">978-0-87395-512-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Pappe, Ilan</a> (2006), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethnic_Cleansing_of_Palestine" title="The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine">The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Oneworld_Publications" title="Oneworld Publications">Oneworld Publications</a>, Oxford, England, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-467-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85168-467-0">978-1-85168-467-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollack2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Pollack" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Pollack">Pollack, Kenneth Michael</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sSHYdGR_xvoC"><i>Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991</i></a>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-0686-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-0686-1"><bdi>978-0-8032-0686-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320124424/https://books.google.com/books?id=sSHYdGR_xvoC">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arabs+at+War%3A+Military+Effectiveness%2C+1948%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-0686-1&rft.aulast=Pollack&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsSHYdGR_xvoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Reiter, Yitzhak, "National Minority, Regional Majority: Palestinian Arabs Versus Jews in Israel" (<i>Syracuse Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution</i>), (2009) Syracuse Univ Press (Sd). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3230-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3230-6">978-0-8156-3230-6</a></li> <li>Rogan, Eugene L. and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>, eds. <i>The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge UP</a>, 2001</li> <li>Rogan, Eugene L. and Avi Shlaim, eds. <i>The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948</i>. 2nd ed. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge UP</a>, 2007</li> <li>Rogan, Eugene L. "Jordan and 1948: the persistence of an official history." Rogan and Shlaim. <i>The War for Palestine</i>. pp. 104–124</li> <li>Sadeh, Eligar (1997). <i>Militarization and State Power in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Case Study of Israel, 1948–1982</i>. Universal Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9658564-6-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9658564-6-1">978-0-9658564-6-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Morley_Sachar" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Morley Sachar">Sachar, Howard M.</a> (1979). <i>A History of Israel,</i> New York: <a href="/wiki/Knopf_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Knopf Publishing">Knopf</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-76563-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-76563-9">978-0-679-76563-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yezid_Sayigh" title="Yezid Sayigh">Sayigh, Yezid</a> (2000). <i>Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829643-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829643-0">978-0-19-829643-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a>. "Abdallah Ibn Hussein." <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuum Publishing">Continuum</a>, 2002. pp. 13–14.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Shapira" title="Anita Shapira">Shapira, Anita</a> (1992). <i>Land and Power: Zionist Resort to Force, 1881–1948</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506104-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506104-8">978-0-19-506104-8</a></li> <li>Sheleg, Yair (2001). "A Short History of Terror" <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Shlaim, Avi</a> (2001). "Israel and the Arab Coalition." In Eugene Rogan and Avi Shlaim (eds.). <i>The War for Palestine</i> (pp. 79–103). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79476-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79476-3">978-0-521-79476-3</a></li> <li>Slater, Leonard (1970). <i>The Pledge</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>, New York. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/79-10188">79--10188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_N._Stearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter N. Stearns">Stearns, Peter N.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060629024035/http://www.bartleby.com/67/3770.html">Citation</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_World_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopedia of World History">The Encyclopedia of World History</a></i> 6th ed., Peter N. Stearns (general editor), 2001 <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin Company">Houghton Mifflin Company</a>, at Bartleby.com.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._H._Tripp" title="Charles R. H. Tripp">Tripp, Charles</a>. "Iraq and the 1948 War: mirror of Iraq's disorder." in Rogan and Shlaim. <i>The War for Palestine</i>. pp. 125–150.</li> <li>Zertal, Idith (2005). <i>Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood</i>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85096-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85096-4">978-0-521-85096-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancillary_works">Ancillary works</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judith_M._Brown" title="Judith M. Brown">Brown, Judith M.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wm._Roger_Louis" title="Wm. Roger Louis">Louis, Wm. Roger</a> (1999). <i>The Oxford History of the British Empire</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820564-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-820564-7">978-0-19-820564-7</a></li> <li>Flint, Colin. <i>Introduction to Geopolitics,</i> Routledge 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_Karsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Inari Karsh">Karsh, Inari</a> & <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Karsh, Efraim</a> (1999). <i>Empires of the Sand: The Struggle for Mastery in the Middle East, 1789–1923</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00541-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-00541-9">978-0-674-00541-9</a></li> <li>Penkower, Monty Noam (2002). <i>Decision on Palestine Deferred: America, Britain and Wartime Diplomacy, 1939–1945</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5268-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5268-9">978-0-7146-5268-9</a></li> <li>Oren, Michael, <i>Six Days of War</i>, Random House Ballantine Publishing Group, New York, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-46192-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-46192-6">978-0-345-46192-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_T._Richelson" title="Jeffrey T. Richelson">Richelson, Jeffrey T.</a> (1997). <i>A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511390-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-511390-7">978-0-19-511390-7</a></li> <li>Sicker, Martin (1999). <i>Reshaping Palestine: From Muhammad Ali to the British Mandate, 1831–1922</i>. <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger</a>/<a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Publishing">Greenwood</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96639-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96639-3">978-0-275-96639-3</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1948_Arab-Israeli_War" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1948 Arab-Israeli War">1948 Arab-Israeli War</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>The Israeli Knesset: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/holidays/eng/independence_day_war.htm">About the War of Independence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/">United Nations: System on the Question of Palestine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020815081332/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/">Archived</a> 15 August 2002 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MidEastWeb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MidEastWeb (page does not exist)">MidEastWeb</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/briefhistory.htm">History of Palestine, Israel and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Shalom" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen R. Shalom">Stephen R. Shalom</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20020913220119/http://www.zmag.org/shalom-meqa.htm">Palestinian viewpoint concerning the context of the 1948 war</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Web Archives (archived 13 September 2002)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/israel_and_the_palestinians/key_documents/1681322.stm">The BBC on the UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_ip_timeline/html/1948.stm">The BBC on the Formation of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ssfc0005/Israel%20and%20the%20Arab%20Coalition%20in%2019481.html">Israel and the Arab Coalition in 1948</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703231512/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,779710,00.html">"I Have Returned"</a>. <i>Time Magazine</i>. 15 March 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,779710,00.html">the original</a> on 3 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Magazine&rft.atitle=I+Have+Returned&rft.date=1948-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C779710%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948+Arab%E2%80%93Israeli+War" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930122418/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798381,00.html">"War for Jerusalem Road"</a>. <i>Time Magazine</i>. 19 April 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798381,00.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> List of wars involving <a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen (disambiguation)">North Yemen</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic"><img alt="Yemen Arab Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1931_Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_border_skirmish" title="1931 Saudi–Yemeni border skirmish">Saudi–Yemeni border skirmish</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najran_conflict" title="Najran conflict">Najran conflict</a> (1931/32–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Yemeni_war_(1934)" title="Saudi–Yemeni war (1934)">Saudi–Yemeni war</a> (1934)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">First Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a> (1962–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1972">Yemenite War of 1972</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a> (1978–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1979" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite War of 1979">Yemenite War of 1979</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab–Israeli_conflict27" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_conflict27" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CountriesAuthoritiesOrganizations228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Countries</li><li>Authorities</li><li>Organizations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary countries<br />and authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Hamas Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraqi Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syrian Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)" title="Army of Islam (Gaza)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars" title="Guardians of the Cedars">Guardians of the Cedars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_engagements104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon"><i>Gift</i></a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre"><i>Bayonet</i></a> (1972–1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid"><i>Entebbe</i></a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict"><i>Litani</i></a> (1978)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera"><i>Opera</i></a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg"><i>Wooden Leg</i></a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush"><i>Bramble Bush</i></a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability"><i>Accountability</i></a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath"><i>Grapes of Wrath</i></a> (1996)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods"><i>Bringing Home the Goods</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict"><i>Summer Rains</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun"><i>Autumn Clouds</i></a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter"><i>Hot Winter</i></a> (2007–2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Returning Echo</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip"><i>Pillar of Defense</i></a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Black Belt</i></a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Breaking Dawn</i></a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes"><i>Shield and Arrow</i></a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_war" title="Gaza war">Gaza war</a> (2023–)</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">peace proposals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <small><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a></small> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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aftermath</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Aleppo" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo">Aleppo riots (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Aden" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Aden">Aden riots (Aden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Manama" title="1947 anti-Jewish riots in Manama">Manama riots (Bahrain)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Anti-Jewish_riots_in_Oujda_and_Jerada" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Anti-Jewish riots in Oujda and Jerada">Oujda and Jerada riots (Morocco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Cairo_bombings" title="1948 Cairo bombings">Cairo bombings (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_anti-Jewish_riots_in_Tripolitania" title="1948 anti-Jewish riots in Tripolitania">Tripolitania riots (Libya)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_Menarsha_synagogue_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Menarsha synagogue attack">Menarsha synagogue attack (Syria)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap 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.locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestinian_Arab_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus_by_subdistrict918" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestinian_Arab_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus_by_subdistrict918" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Palestinian Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Districts of Mandatory Palestine">subdistrict</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acre_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Acre Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Acre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amka" title="Amka">Amqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Samniyya" title="Arab al-Samniyya">Arab al-Samniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bassa" title="Al-Bassa">al-Bassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Birwa" title="Al-Birwa">al-Birwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Damun" title="Al-Damun">al-Damun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Qassi" title="Dayr al-Qassi">Dayr al-Qassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya" title="Al-Ghabisiyya">al-Ghabisiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqrit" title="Iqrit">Iqrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Iribbin" title="Khirbat Iribbin">Iribbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Jiddin" title="Khirbat Jiddin">Jiddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri" title="Al-Kabri">al-Kabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Inan" title="Kafr 'Inan">Kafr 'Inan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaykat" title="Kuwaykat">Kuwaykat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Acre" title="Al-Manshiyya, Acre">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Acre" title="Al-Mansura, Acre">al-Mansura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ar" title="Mi'ar">Mi'ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nabi_Rubin,_Acre" title="Al-Nabi Rubin, Acre">al-Nabi Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nahr" title="Al-Nahr">al-Nahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ruways" title="Al-Ruways">al-Ruways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhmata" title="Suhmata">Suhmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sumayriyya" title="Al-Sumayriyya">al-Sumayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suruh" title="Suruh">Suruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tall,_Acre" title="Al-Tall, Acre">al-Tall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbikha" title="Tarbikha">Tarbikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Faraj" title="Umm al-Faraj">Umm al-Faraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">az-Zeeb</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class=""> <div style="width: 300px; height: 600px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -50px; left: -100px; width: 500px"><div class="noresize"><div class="locmap" style="width:500px;float:right;clear:right"><div style="width:500px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:500px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="1948 Arab–Israeli War is located in Mandatory Palestine"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War is located in Mandatory Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg/500px-Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="929" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg/750px-Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg/1000px-Mandatory_Palestine_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></span></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.328%;left:26.688%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Auja_al-Hafir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.929%;left:52.462%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurnub" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.298%;left:39.965%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tarabin_Bedouin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.405%;left:57.962%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.36%;left:42.297%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.308%;left:31.56%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Imara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.406%;left:35.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muharraqa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.135%;left:36.987%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kawfakha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.652%;left:37.927%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammama" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.388%;left:35.481%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Huj,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.759%;left:46.613%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.415%;left:34.562%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.217%;left:33.269%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dimra" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.019%;left:34.893%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Simsim,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.939%;left:36.122%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.939%;left:44.402%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Hebron" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.847%;left:32.885%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Sunayd" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.284%;left:36.528%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hulayqat" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.165%;left:33.878%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jirja" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.126%;left:41.656%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.112%;left:46.09%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.099%;left:32.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hiribya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.861%;left:46.987%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Nakhkhas" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.683%;left:36.122%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Tima" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.669%;left:33.825%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barbara,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.649%;left:40.299%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Faluja" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.59%;left:34.519%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.504%;left:37.03%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kawkaba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.365%;left:48.835%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Umm_Burj" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.279%;left:43.216%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zayta,_Hebron" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.2%;left:39.455%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Karatiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.167%;left:45.94%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kudna" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.14%;left:33.526%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ni%27ilya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.094%;left:33.12%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.081%;left:38.024%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.008%;left:40.043%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hatta,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.882%;left:41.186%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jusayr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.776%;left:38.718%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Affa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.73%;left:44.637%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zikrin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.69%;left:32.853%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.69%;left:45.267%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ra%27na" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.677%;left:42.126%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Summil" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.499%;left:45.865%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Dubban" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.393%;left:38.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ibdis" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.347%;left:43.205%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barqusya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.294%;left:36.677%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Julis,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.651%;left:33.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.122%;left:43.066%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.069%;left:47.073%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%27Ajjur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.062%;left:34.231%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hamama" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.963%;left:49.85%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nattif" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.89%;left:40.374%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jaladiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.877%;left:38.579%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Gharbiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.864%;left:44.113%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.857%;left:38.942%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Sharqiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.659%;left:47.97%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Az-Zakariyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.54%;left:38.622%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Shamaliyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.526%;left:51.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Tannur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.302%;left:37.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.288%;left:52.404%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allar,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.262%;left:41.261%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Turmus" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.196%;left:54.594%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qabu" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.163%;left:45.481%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mughallis" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.149%;left:50.62%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jarash,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.11%;left:56.293%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Walaja" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.024%;left:52.041%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.951%;left:53.472%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ras_Abu_%27Ammar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.931%;left:47.265%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burayj" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.925%;left:40.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qastina" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.852%;left:44.466%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Idnibba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.832%;left:50.406%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Aban" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.746%;left:43.066%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tina" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.03%;left:51.581%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sufla" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.693%;left:52.585%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Shaykh" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.634%;left:51.432%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Hawa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.62%;left:39.359%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Sharqi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.614%;left:56.998%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.601%;left:42.265%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Saghira" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.501%;left:55.726%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.488%;left:41.72%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Kabira" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.475%;left:38.44%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Gharbi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.468%;left:53.162%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aqqur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.396%;left:43.365%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayma" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.303%;left:55.748%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_Karem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.296%;left:40.31%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yasur,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.25%;left:50.053%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Artuf" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.243%;left:54.284%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Lawz" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.23%;left:44.786%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jilya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.137%;left:57.586%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Badr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.091%;left:48.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Rafat" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.025%;left:53.718%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_%27Amr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.012%;left:38.451%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.999%;left:49.466%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sar%27a" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.979%;left:45.235%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qazaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.939%;left:50.427%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ishwa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.926%;left:51.966%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kasla,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.926%;left:53.152%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Umm_al-Mays" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.88%;left:48.28%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Ism_Allah" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.21%;left:54.893%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sataf" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.866%;left:45.876%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sajad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.84%;left:50.246%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Islin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.628%;left:53.803%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-%27Umur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.615%;left:56.058%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qalunya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.608%;left:51.335%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Mahsir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.589%;left:57.553%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.582%;left:55.545%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.84%;left:54.765%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.522%;left:52.842%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saris,_Jerusalem" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.813%;left:56.848%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.456%;left:46.763%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Bayt_Far" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.397%;left:42.735%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mukhayzin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.37%;left:54.754%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Naqquba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.331%;left:49.306%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Susin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.172%;left:48.237%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jiz" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.139%;left:44.84%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_Kalkha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.013%;left:46.303%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khulda" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.954%;left:41.443%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qatra" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.94%;left:52.842%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Thul" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.907%;left:42.735%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shahma" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.901%;left:40.256%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bashshit" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.874%;left:36.838%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Suqrir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.835%;left:47.393%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Muhaysin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.828%;left:50.71%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Ayyub" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.209%;left:36.635%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalasa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.63%;left:49.241%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.597%;left:52.511%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nitaf" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.577%;left:44.509%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Ramle" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.557%;left:41.624%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Maghar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.497%;left:46.335%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saydun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.12%;left:46.752%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.021%;left:43.194%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aqir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.902%;left:40.246%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.889%;left:48.237%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubab" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.823%;left:49.476%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Salbit" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.776%;left:50.919%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ajanjul" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.757%;left:45.128%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ani" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.71%;left:50.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Buwayra" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.631%;left:49.498%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Shanna" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.565%;left:41.912%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zarnuqa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.399%;left:46.774%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Barriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.38%;left:50.726%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Ma%27in" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.373%;left:48.365%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kunayyisa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.221%;left:41.207%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Ramle" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.049%;left:50.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.042%;left:47.991%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Innaba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.857%;left:49.594%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barfiliya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.804%;left:48.483%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kharruba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.672%;left:50.791%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shilta" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.48%;left:43.387%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Salim" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.44%;left:42.126%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Hunayn" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.394%;left:39.765%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Rubin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.361%;left:47.938%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jimzu" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.354%;left:47.276%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Daniyal" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.229%;left:42.521%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sarafand_al-Kharab" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.196%;left:48.846%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zakariyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.057%;left:44.156%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl,_Ramle" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.997%;left:47.468%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Duhayriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.925%;left:48.344%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Abu_Salama" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.302%;left:44.872%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.68%;left:44.209%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sarafand_al-Amar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.587%;left:48.152%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Haditha,_Ramle" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.858%;left:45.694%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lydda" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.038%;left:48.419%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nabala" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.939%;left:47.682%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Tarif" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.873%;left:44.274%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Safiriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.628%;left:43.44%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Dajan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.304%;left:47.81%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Ramle" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.026%;left:42.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.026%;left:43.964%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saqiya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.98%;left:45.78%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abbasiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.821%;left:48.205%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qula" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.544%;left:42.5%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Salama,_Jaffa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.544%;left:48.056%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzayri%27a" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.471%;left:40.502%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.789%;left:48.344%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Yaba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.684%;left:41.603%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27udiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.611%;left:46.325%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fajja" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.505%;left:42.201%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammasin_al-Gharbi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.373%;left:43.419%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammasin_al-Sharqi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.049%;left:46.763%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mirr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.003%;left:42.468%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Muwannis" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.943%;left:44.135%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawalima" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.751%;left:47.041%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaylih" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.964%;left:46.955%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Biyar_%27Adas" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.905%;left:42.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Qibliyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.905%;left:42.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Shamaliyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.16%;left:46.673%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelma,_Palestine" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.066%;left:44.925%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Ana" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.402%;left:47.585%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Saba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.234%;left:42.565%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram,_Jaffa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.111%;left:45.278%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tabsur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.529%;left:47.105%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Miska,_Tulkarm" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.689%;left:43.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Zababida" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.094%;left:50.502%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fardisya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.955%;left:44.904%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghabat_Kafr_Sur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.75%;left:44.679%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bayyarat_Hannun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.148%;left:45.865%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Bayt_Lid" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.837%;left:44.818%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.828%;left:43.387%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.656%;left:46.976%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rantiya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.143%;left:49.818%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.09%;left:46.88%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qabbani" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.376%;left:50.374%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jalama,_Tulkarm" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.329%;left:47.596%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Majdal" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.224%;left:70.256%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.217%;left:45.385%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Hawarith" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.131%;left:47.906%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zalafa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.681%;left:70.085%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khunayzir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.642%;left:45.449%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Nufay%27at" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.529%;left:69.241%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra,_Baysan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.298%;left:68.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samiriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.218%;left:70.684%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Safa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.212%;left:69.786%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-%27Arida" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.073%;left:48.472%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Sarkas" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.02%;left:49.968%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tulkarm" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:25.357%;left:47.564%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Raml_Zayta" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.947%;left:46.378%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Fuqara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.901%;left:71.432%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Masil_al-Jizl" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.795%;left:46.41%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Zahrat_al-Dumayri" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.689%;left:68.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Farwana" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.63%;left:70.096%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_%27Ajra" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.524%;left:68.13%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashrafiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.398%;left:51.229%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:24.034%;left:66.677%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Jawfa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.882%;left:67.767%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Shawk" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.757%;left:70.833%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazzawiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.585%;left:46.795%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barrat_Qisarya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.538%;left:47.799%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Burj" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.419%;left:67.778%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhina" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.81%;left:69.231%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.228%;left:63.814%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Jenin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.142%;left:70.737%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Bawati" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.135%;left:51.186%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qannir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.983%;left:47.981%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Shuna" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.976%;left:63.985%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nuris" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.758%;left:69.829%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamidiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.646%;left:46.944%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kabara,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.54%;left:51.87%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_ash_Shauf" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.54%;left:53.611%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Butaymat" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.52%;left:71.1%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zab%27a" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.474%;left:52.521%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khubbayza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.46%;left:50.085%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sindiyana" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.44%;left:62.607%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zir%27in" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.427%;left:49.145%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Burayka" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.368%;left:68.216%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Murassas" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.255%;left:65.224%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qumya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.216%;left:69.605%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jabbul" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.116%;left:50.887%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sabbarin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.057%;left:54.573%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kafrayn" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.03%;left:56.838%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.004%;left:68.056%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yubla" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.759%;left:70.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Umm_Sabuna" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.64%;left:53.002%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Rawha%27" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.594%;left:68.878%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafra,_Baysan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.587%;left:56.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Mansi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.548%;left:56.645%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.541%;left:70%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kawkab_al-Hawa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.495%;left:70.791%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zawiya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.348%;left:56.057%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Naghnaghiya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.25%;left:55.534%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghubayya_al-Tahta" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.237%;left:69.38%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Bira,_Baysan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.204%;left:46.838%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tantura" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.151%;left:70.662%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Taqa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.118%;left:68.248%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Danna,_Baysan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.104%;left:58.622%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Lid" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.396%;left:55.823%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghubayya_al-Fawqa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.091%;left:55.31%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.952%;left:53.344%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Rihaniyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.747%;left:48.397%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Sawamir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.668%;left:48.75%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(village)" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.668%;left:51.004%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Qumbaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.615%;left:54.85%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zurayq" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.562%;left:64.669%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indur" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.536%;left:47.479%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Lam" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.364%;left:49.541%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ijzim" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.357%;left:53.942%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qira,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.344%;left:48.632%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Manara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.317%;left:47.521%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarafand" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.304%;left:52.434%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_az-Zinat" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.291%;left:67.585%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Baysan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.205%;left:48.536%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Haifa_Subdistrict" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.139%;left:69.498%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sirin,_Baysan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.987%;left:72.991%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dalhamiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.848%;left:69.199%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Awlam" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.991%;left:41.793%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sarona_(colony)" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.656%;left:53.835%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Mansura" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.577%;left:59.306%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mujaydil" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.491%;left:68.953%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hadatha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.471%;left:48.632%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.444%;left:71.154%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Ubaydiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.378%;left:75.545%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamma,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.352%;left:47.628%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.226%;left:71.464%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.213%;left:67.853%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27dhar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.153%;left:59.209%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alul" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.015%;left:49.231%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hod" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.929%;left:72.596%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.499%;left:73.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samra" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.492%;left:53.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jalama,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.347%;left:56.603%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alonei_Abba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.267%;left:50.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Dumun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.175%;left:57.361%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_of_Galilee" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:18.009%;left:66.955%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Sabt" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.963%;left:60.716%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.751%;left:65.342%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shajara,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.745%;left:70.855%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manara,_Palestine" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.652%;left:52.201%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yajur,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.573%;left:49.049%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.341%;left:51.624%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.328%;left:55.951%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ras_Ali" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.282%;left:55.011%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Sa%27sa%27" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.242%;left:66.517%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lubya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:17.176%;left:70.128%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nasir_ad-Din,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.845%;left:55.524%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawsha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.825%;left:55.331%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Kasayir" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.799%;left:70.513%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.687%;left:74.626%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nuqayb" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.567%;left:66.282%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nimrin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.534%;left:56.517%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.501%;left:67.436%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hittin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.336%;left:54.573%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wa%27arat_al-Sarris" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.27%;left:49.359%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.085%;left:69.872%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Majdal,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.993%;left:68.933%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.446%;left:42.607%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jarisha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.86%;left:68.494%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Wa%27ra_al-Sawda%27" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.754%;left:65.417%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.39%;left:69.594%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghuwayr_Abu_Shusha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.146%;left:56.848%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ruways" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.947%;left:71.154%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tabgha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.901%;left:59.476%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.835%;left:57.041%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Damun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.669%;left:72.19%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samakiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.425%;left:66.058%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Tiberias" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.649%;left:68.419%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yaquq" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.226%;left:69.498%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qudayriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.2%;left:73.162%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Shamalina" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.16%;left:56.934%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Birwa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.087%;left:68.729%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shuna" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:14.021%;left:71.645%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Karraza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.896%;left:73.953%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Butayha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.828%;left:70.648%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jubb_Yusuf" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.776%;left:59.882%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.737%;left:66.1%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Inan" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.624%;left:53.141%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.532%;left:66.474%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Farradiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.452%;left:53.483%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Acre" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.347%;left:69.209%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.3%;left:72.543%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zanghariyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.903%;left:67.425%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sammu%27i" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.784%;left:68.718%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahiriyya_al-Tahta" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.718%;left:69.167%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.599%;left:73.697%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mansurat_al-Khayt" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.593%;left:55.641%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwaykat" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.579%;left:70.491%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ja%27una" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.573%;left:53.59%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sumayriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.394%;left:56.282%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Amka" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.388%;left:69.145%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Biriyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.328%;left:66.848%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Meiron" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.255%;left:70.502%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fir%27im" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.209%;left:68.91%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Zeitun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.176%;left:70.694%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mughr_al-Khayt" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.163%;left:71.934%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Muntar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:12.037%;left:58.536%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Jiddin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.938%;left:70.694%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qabba%27a" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.467%;left:44.818%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kishk" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.726%;left:72.842%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yarda,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.878%;left:72.19%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Wayziyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.627%;left:63.13%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sabalan,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.892%;left:55.769%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghabisiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.786%;left:54.658%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Faraj" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.779%;left:61.688%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suhmata" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.772%;left:67.959%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qaddita" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.759%;left:70.011%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ammuqa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.733%;left:55.438%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nahr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.7%;left:55.331%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tall,_Acre" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.627%;left:67.137%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Safsaf" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.587%;left:68.408%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Taytaba" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.554%;left:64.455%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghabbatiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.534%;left:55.801%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kabri" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.475%;left:73.739%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Ghannama" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.462%;left:73.12%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Baqqara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.382%;left:69.188%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dallata" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.221%;left:70.316%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Marus,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.224%;left:65.171%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.065%;left:62.5%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Qassi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.866%;left:65.929%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.794%;left:56.944%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Samniyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.734%;left:53.932%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.694%;left:73.846%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tulayl" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.681%;left:74.615%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dirdara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.384%;left:62.874%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Acre" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.337%;left:67.618%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fara,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.159%;left:72.65%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Ulmaniyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.112%;left:68.162%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saliha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.106%;left:60.588%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iqrit" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.093%;left:55.417%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Bassa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.993%;left:61.207%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nabi_Rubin,_Acre" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.993%;left:69.509%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dayshum" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.987%;left:58.771%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Iribbin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.934%;left:60.94%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tarbikha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.881%;left:61.271%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suruh" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.788%;left:74.882%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dirbashiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.762%;left:72.382%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mallaha" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.398%;left:69.476%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Malkiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.272%;left:74.925%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Urayfiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.239%;left:70.288%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qadas" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.22%;left:71.389%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nabi_Yusha%27" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.054%;left:74.84%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.935%;left:71.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jahula" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.472%;left:75.15%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khiyam_al-Walid" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.261%;left:74.904%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra%27" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.261%;left:74.904%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Husayniyya,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.208%;left:72.97%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.188%;left:71.934%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Buwayziyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.168%;left:74.733%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muftakhira" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:11.382%;left:67.169%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.923%;left:73.558%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Salihiyya,_Palestine" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.652%;left:74.38%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawwara" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.427%;left:72.885%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ima" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.176%;left:74.348%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abisiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.149%;left:73.568%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Qaytiyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.024%;left:74.679%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Madahil" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.004%;left:73.526%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lazzaza" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.799%;left:70.951%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.799%;left:71.816%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalisa" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.786%;left:73.12%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Tahtani" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.753%;left:74.637%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.544%;left:73.825%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.534%;left:73.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.316%;left:73.793%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanbariyya" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.224%;left:74.487%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawka_al-Tahta" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.204%;left:75.844%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Duwayr" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:6.104%;left:72.756%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Fawqani" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:5.728%;left:72.34%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Abil_al-Qamh" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.926%;left:67.863%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ras_al-Ahmar" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.582%;left:68.889%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Safad" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.026%;left:71.827%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Zubayd" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.742%;left:71.453%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Harrawi" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.583%;left:72.286%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Baysamun" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:41.581%;left:36.987%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.81%;left:45.833%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-2px;top:-2px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War"><img alt="1948 Arab–Israeli War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/4px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beisan_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Beisan Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Beisan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-%27Arida" title="Arab al-'Arida">Arab al-'Arida</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Bawati" title="Arab al-Bawati">Arab al-Bawati</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Safa" title="Arab al-Safa">Arab al-Safa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashrafiyya" title="Al-Ashrafiyya">al-Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bira,_Baysan" title="Al-Bira, Baysan">al-Bira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an#British_Mandate" title="Beit She'an">Beisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danna,_Baysan" title="Danna, Baysan">Danna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farwana" title="Farwana">Farwana</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatur" title="Al-Fatur">al-Fatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazzawiyya" title="Al-Ghazzawiyya">al-Ghazzawiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamidiyya" title="Al-Hamidiyya">al-Hamidiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra,_Baysan" title="Al-Hamra, Baysan">al-Hamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbul" title="Jabbul">Jabbul</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kafra,_Baysan" title="Kafra, Baysan">Kafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawkab_al-Hawa" title="Kawkab al-Hawa">Kawkab al-Hawa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khunayzir" title="Al-Khunayzir">al-Khunayzir</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Masil_al-Jizl" title="Masil al-Jizl">Masil al-Jizl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Murassas" title="Al-Murassas">al-Murassas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumya" title="Qumya">Qumya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sakhina" title="Al-Sakhina">al-Sakhina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samiriyya" title="Al-Samiriyya">al-Samiriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirin,_Baysan" title="Sirin, Baysan">Sirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Shawk" title="Tall al-Shawk">Tall al-Shawk</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Taqa" title="Khirbat Al-Taqa">al-Taqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Baysan" title="Al-Tira, Baysan">al-Tira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_%27Ajra" title="Umm 'Ajra">Umm 'Ajra</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Umm_Sabuna" title="Khirbat Umm Sabuna">Umm Sabuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubla" title="Yubla">Yubla</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Zab%27a" title="Zab'a">Zab'a</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zawiya" title="Khirbat Zawiya">al-Zawiya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beersheba_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Beersheba Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Beersheba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Imara" title="Al-Imara">al-Imara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammama" title="Al-Jammama">al-Jammama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalasa" title="Al-Khalasa">al-Khalasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auja_al-Hafir" title="Auja al-Hafir">Auja al-Hafir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Gaza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Suqrir" title="Arab Suqrir">Arab Suqrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara,_Gaza" title="Barbara, Gaza">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza" title="Barqa, Gaza">Barqa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Batani al-Gharbi">al-Batani al-Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Sharqi" title="Al-Batani al-Sharqi">al-Batani al-Sharqi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Affa" title="Bayt 'Affa">Bayt 'Affa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="Bayt Daras">Bayt Daras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jirja" title="Bayt Jirja">Bayt Jirja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Tima" title="Bayt Tima">Bayt Tima</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in,_Gaza" title="Bil'in, Gaza">Bil'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="Burayr">Burayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Sunayd" title="Dayr Sunayd">Dayr Sunayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimra" title="Dimra">Dimra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faluja" title="Al-Faluja">al-Faluja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama" title="Hamama">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatta,_Gaza" title="Hatta, Gaza">Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiribya" title="Hiribya">Hiribya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huj,_Gaza" title="Huj, Gaza">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulayqat" title="Hulayqat">Hulayqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibdis" title="Ibdis">Ibdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya" title="Iraq al-Manshiyya">Iraq al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="Iraq Suwaydan">Iraq Suwaydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Isdud</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jaladiyya" title="Al-Jaladiyya">al-Jaladiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiyya" title="Al-Jiyya">al-Jiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis,_Gaza" title="Julis, Gaza">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura" title="Al-Jura">al-Jura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Jusayr" title="Jusayr">Jusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatiyya" title="Karatiyya">Karatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawfakha" title="Kawfakha">Kawfakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawkaba" title="Kawkaba">Kawkaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas,_Gaza" title="Al-Khisas, Gaza">al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Kabira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Kabira">al-Masmiyya al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Saghira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Saghira">al-Masmiyya al-Saghira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muharraqa" title="Al-Muharraqa">al-Muharraqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="Najd, Gaza">Najd</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ni%27ilya" title="Ni'ilya">Ni'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qastina" title="Qastina">Qastina</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Gharbiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya">al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Shamaliyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya">al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Sharqiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya">al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsim,_Gaza" title="Simsim, Gaza">Simsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summil" title="Summil">Summil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Turmus" title="Tall al-Turmus">Tall al-Turmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasur,_Gaza" title="Yasur, Gaza">Yasur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Haifa Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Haifa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha,_Haifa" title="Abu Shusha, Haifa">Abu Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zurayq" title="Abu Zurayq">Abu Zurayq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Fuqara" title="Arab al-Fuqara">Arab al-Fuqara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Nufay%27at" title="Arab al-Nufay'at">Arab al-Nufay'at</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Zahrat_al-Dumayri" title="Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri">Arab Zahrat al-Dumayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_P%C3%A8lerin" title="Château Pèlerin">'Atlit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(village)" title="Ayn Ghazal (village)">Ayn Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hod" title="Ein Hod">Ayn Hawd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_al-Sheikh" title="Balad al-Sheikh">Balad al-Sheikh</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Barrat_Qisarya" title="Barrat Qisarya">Barrat Qisarya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Burayka" title="Burayka">Burayka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Burj,_Haifa" title="Khirbat Al-Burj, Haifa">al-Burj</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Butaymat" title="Al-Butaymat">al-Butaymat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Rawha%27" title="Daliyat al-Rawha'">Daliyat al-Rawha'</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Dumun" title="Khirbat Al-Dumun">al-Dumun</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghubayya_al-Fawqa" title="Al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa">al-Ghubayya al-Fawqa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghubayya_al-Tahta" title="Al-Ghubayya al-Tahta">al-Ghubayya al-Tahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawsha" title="Hawsha">Hawsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijzim" title="Ijzim">Ijzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Haifa" title="Jaba', Haifa">Jaba'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jalama,_Haifa" title="Al-Jalama, Haifa">al-Jalama</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kabara,_Haifa" title="Kabara, Haifa">Kabara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kafrayn" title="Al-Kafrayn">al-Kafrayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Lam" title="Kafr Lam">Kafr Lam</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Kasayir" title="Khirbat Al-Kasayir">al-Kasayir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khubbayza" title="Khubbayza">Khubbayza</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Lid" title="Khirbat Lid">Lid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Manara" title="Khirbat Al-Manara">al-Manara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansi" title="Al-Mansi">al-Mansi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Mansura" title="Khirbat al-Mansura">al-Mansura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Haifa" title="Al-Mazar, Haifa">al-Mazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naghnaghiya" title="Naghnaghiya">Naghnaghiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qannir" title="Qannir">Qannir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qira,_Haifa" title="Qira, Haifa">Qira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Qisarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Qumbaza" title="Khirbat Qumbaza">Qumbaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rihaniyya" title="Al-Rihaniyya">al-Rihaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbarin" title="Sabbarin">Sabbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarafand" title="Al-Sarafand">al-Sarafand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Sarkas" title="Khirbat al-Sarkas">al-Sarkas</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Sa%27sa%27" title="Khirbat Sa'sa'">Sa'sa'</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Sawamir" title="Khirbat al-Sawamir">al-Sawamir</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Shuna" title="Khirbat al-Shuna">al-Shuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sindiyana" title="Al-Sindiyana">al-Sindiyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantura" title="Tantura">al-Tantura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Haifa" title="Al-Tira, Haifa">al-Tira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_ash_Shauf" title="Umm ash Shauf">Umm ash Shauf</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_az-Zinat" title="Umm az-Zinat">Umm az-Zinat</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wa%27arat_al-Sarris" title="Wa'arat al-Sarris">Wa'arat al-Sarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara,_Haifa" title="Wadi Ara, Haifa">Wadi Ara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Yajur,_Haifa" title="Yajur, Haifa">Yajur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebron_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Hebron Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Hebron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Ajjur" title="'Ajjur">'Ajjur</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Barqusya" title="Barqusya">Barqusya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jibrin" title="Bayt Jibrin">Bayt Jibrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nattif" title="Bayt Nattif">Bayt Nattif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima" title="Al-Dawayima">al-Dawayima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Dubban" title="Deir al-Dubban">Deir al-Dubban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Nakhkhas" title="Dayr Nakhkhas">Dayr Nakhkhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudna" title="Kudna">Kudna</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Mughallis" title="Mughallis">Mughallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Hebron" title="Al-Qubayba, Hebron">al-Qubayba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27na" title="Ra'na">Ra'na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Safi" title="Tell es-Safi">Tell es-Safi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Umm_Burj" title="Khirbat Umm Burj">Umm Burj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zekharia" title="Zekharia">az-Zakariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayta,_Hebron" title="Zayta, Hebron">Zayta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikrin" title="Zikrin">Zikrin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jaffa Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Jaffa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abbasiyya" title="Al-'Abbasiyya">al-'Abbasiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kabir" title="Abu Kabir">Abu Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Kishk" title="Abu Kishk">Abu Kishk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Dajan" title="Bayt Dajan">Bayt Dajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biyar_%27Adas" title="Biyar 'Adas">Biyar 'Adas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fajja" title="Fajja">Fajja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haram,_Jaffa" title="Al-Haram, Jaffa">al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Qibliyya" title="Ijlil al-Qibliyya">Ijlil al-Qibliyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijlil_al-Shamaliyya" title="Ijlil al-Shamaliyya">Ijlil al-Shamaliyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammasin_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Jammasin al-Gharbi">al-Jammasin al-Gharbi</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jammasin_al-Sharqi" title="Al-Jammasin al-Sharqi">al-Jammasin al-Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarisha" title="Jarisha">Jarisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Ana" title="Kafr 'Ana">Kafr 'Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayriyya" title="Al-Khayriyya">al-Khayriyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27udiyya" title="Al-Mas'udiyya">al-Mas'udiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mirr" title="Al-Mirr">al-Mirr</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muwaylih" title="Al-Muwaylih">al-Muwaylih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rantiya" title="Rantiya">Rantiya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Safiriyya" title="Al-Safiriyya">al-Safiriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salama,_Jaffa" title="Salama, Jaffa">Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqiya" title="Saqiya">Saqiya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawalima" title="Al-Sawalima">al-Sawalima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaykh_Muwannis" title="Al-Shaykh Muwannis">al-Shaykh Muwannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazur" title="Yazur">Yazur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jenin Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Jenin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Jawfa" title="Khirbat al-Jawfa">al-Jawfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mazar,_Jenin" title="Al-Mazar, Jenin">al-Mazar</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ayn_al-Mansi" title="Ayn al-Mansi">Ayn al-Mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajjun" title="Lajjun">Lajjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuris" title="Nuris">Nuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zir%27in" title="Zir'in">Zir'in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jerusalem Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allar,_Jerusalem" title="Allar, Jerusalem">Allar</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Aqqur" title="Aqqur">Aqqur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artuf" title="Artuf">Artuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Itab" title="Bayt 'Itab">Bayt 'Itab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Mahsir" title="Bayt Mahsir">Bayt Mahsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Naqquba" title="Bayt Naqquba">Bayt Naqquba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Thul" title="Bayt Thul">Bayt Thul</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Umm_al-Mays" title="Bayt Umm al-Mays">Bayt Umm al-Mays</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burayj" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Burayj">al-Burayj</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Aban" title="Dayr Aban">Dayr Aban</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayr 'Amr">Dayr 'Amr</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Hawa" title="Dayr al-Hawa">Dayr al-Hawa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Rafat" title="Dayr Rafat">Dayr Rafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Shaykh" title="Dayr al-Shaykh">Dayr al-Shaykh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin" title="Deir Yassin">Deir Yassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Karem" title="Ein Karem">Ayn Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwa" title="Ishwa">Ishwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islin" title="Islin">Islin</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Ism_Allah" title="Khirbat Ism Allah">Ism Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarash,_Jerusalem" title="Jarash, Jerusalem">Jarash</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Jura, Jerusalem">al-Jura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kasla,_Jerusalem" title="Kasla, Jerusalem">Kasla</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Al-Lawz" title="Khirbat Al-Lawz">al-Lawz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="Lifta">Lifta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malha" title="Malha">al-Maliha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Nitaf" title="Nitaf">Nitaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qabu" title="Al-Qabu">al-Qabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalunya" title="Qalunya">Qalunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qastal,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Qastal, Jerusalem">al-Qastal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ras_Abu_%27Ammar" title="Ras Abu 'Ammar">Ras Abu 'Ammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sar%27a" title="Sar'a">Sar'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saris,_Jerusalem" title="Saris, Jerusalem">Saris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sataf" title="Sataf">Sataf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Badr,_Jerusalem" title="Sheikh Badr, Jerusalem">Sheikh Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suba,_Jerusalem" title="Suba, Jerusalem">Suba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Sufla" title="Sufla">Sufla</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Tannur" title="Khirbat al-Tannur">al-Tannur</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-%27Umur" title="Khirbat al-'Umur">al-'Umur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Walaja" title="Al-Walaja">al-Walaja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazareth_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Nazareth Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Nazareth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mujaydil" title="Al-Mujaydil">al-Mujaydil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indur" title="Indur">Indur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alul" title="Ma'alul">Ma'alul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepphoris" title="Sepphoris">Saffuriyya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ramle_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Ramle Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Ramle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl,_Ramle" title="Abu al-Fadl, Ramle">Abu al-Fadl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shusha" title="Abu Shusha">Abu Shusha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ajanjul" title="Ajanjul">Ajanjul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqir" title="Aqir">Aqir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barfiliya" title="Barfiliya">Barfiliya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Barriyya" title="Al-Barriyya">al-Barriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashshit" title="Bashshit">Bashshit</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Bayt_Far" title="Khirbat Bayt Far">Bayt Far</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jiz" title="Bayt Jiz">Bayt Jiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Nabala" title="Bayt Nabala">Bayt Nabala</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Shanna" title="Bayt Shanna">Bayt Shanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Susin" title="Bayt Susin">Bayt Susin</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Ma%27in" title="Bir Ma'in">Bir Ma'in</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bir_Salim" title="Bir Salim">Bir Salim</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Burj,_Ramle" title="Al-Burj, Ramle">al-Burj</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Buwayra" title="Khirbat al-Buwayra">al-Buwayra</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Daniyal" title="Daniyal">Daniyal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Abu_Salama" title="Dayr Abu Salama">Dayr Abu Salama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Ayyub" title="Dayr Ayyub">Dayr Ayyub</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Muhaysin" title="Dayr Muhaysin">Dayr Muhaysin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Tarif" title="Dayr Tarif">Dayr Tarif</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Duhayriyya" title="Khirbat al-Duhayriyya">al-Duhayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Haditha,_Ramle" title="Al-Haditha, Ramle">al-Haditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idnibba" title="Idnibba">Idnibba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Innaba" title="Innaba">Innaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilya" title="Jilya">Jilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimzu" title="Jimzu">Jimzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharruba" title="Kharruba">Kharruba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Khayma" title="Al-Khayma">al-Khayma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khulda" title="Khulda">Khulda</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Kunayyisa" title="Al-Kunayyisa">al-Kunayyisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrun" title="Latrun">al-Latrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lydda</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Maghar" title="Al-Maghar">al-Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Yaba" title="Majdal Yaba">Majdal Yaba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Ramle" title="Al-Mansura, Ramle">al-Mansura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Mukhayzin" title="Al-Mukhayzin">al-Mukhayzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muzayri%27a" title="Al-Muzayri'a">al-Muzayri'a</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ani" title="Al-Na'ani">al-Na'ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Rubin" title="Nabi Rubin">al-Nabi Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatra" title="Qatra">Qatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazaza" title="Qazaza">Qazaza</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubab" title="Al-Qubab">al-Qubab</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubayba,_Ramle" title="Al-Qubayba, Ramle">al-Qubayba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qula" title="Qula">Qula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajad" title="Sajad">Sajad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbit" title="Salbit">Salbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafand_al-Amar" title="Sarafand al-Amar">Sarafand al-Amar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafand_al-Kharab" title="Sarafand al-Kharab">Sarafand al-Kharab</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Saydun" title="Saydun">Saydun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahma" title="Shahma">Shahma</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Shilta" title="Shilta">Shilta</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Tina" title="Al-Tina">al-Tina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tira,_Ramle" title="Al-Tira, Ramle">al-Tira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Umm_Kalkha" title="Umm Kalkha">Umm Kalkha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Hunayn" title="Wadi Hunayn">Wadi Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibna" title="Yibna">Yibna</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zakariyya" title="Khirbat Zakariyya">Zakariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarnuqa" title="Zarnuqa">Zarnuqa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Safad_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Safad Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Safad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abil_al-Qamh" title="Abil al-Qamh">Abil al-Qamh</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Abisiyya" title="Al-'Abisiyya">al-'Abisiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="'Akbara">'Akbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma,_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma, Safad">Alma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammuqa" title="Ammuqa">Ammuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Shamalina" title="Arab al-Shamalina">Arab al-Shamalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Zubayd" title="Arab al-Zubayd">Arab al-Zubayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Zeitun" title="Ein al-Zeitun">Ayn al-Zaytun</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Baysamun" title="Baysamun">Baysamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biriyya" title="Biriyya">Biriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Butayha" title="Al-Butayha">al-Butayha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Buwayziyya" title="Al-Buwayziyya">al-Buwayziyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallata" title="Dallata">Dallata</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawwara" title="Al-Dawwara">al-Dawwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayshum" title="Dayshum">Dayshum</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dirbashiyya" title="Al-Dirbashiyya">al-Dirbashiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dirdara" title="Al-Dirdara">al-Dirdara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Fara,_Safad" title="Fara, Safad">Fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farradiyya" title="Farradiyya">al-Farradiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fir%27im" title="Fir'im">Fir'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabbatiyya" title="Ghabbatiyya">Ghabbatiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba,_Safad" title="Ghuraba, Safad">Ghuraba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamra%27" title="Al-Hamra'">al-Hamra'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrawi" title="Harrawi">Harrawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunin" title="Hunin">Hunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Husayniyya,_Safad" title="Al-Husayniyya, Safad">al-Husayniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahula" title="Jahula">Jahula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ja%27una" title="Al-Ja'una">al-Ja'una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubb_Yusuf" title="Jubb Yusuf">Jubb Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bir%27im" title="Kafr Bir'im">Kafr Bir'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalisa" title="Al-Khalisa">al-Khalisa</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Duwayr" title="Khan al-Duwayr">Khan al-Duwayr</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Karraza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas" title="Al-Khisas">al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiyam_al-Walid" title="Khiyam al-Walid">Khiyam al-Walid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Baqqara" title="Kirad al-Baqqara">Kirad al-Baqqara</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Kirad_al-Ghannama" title="Kirad al-Ghannama">Kirad al-Ghannama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaza" title="Lazzaza">Lazzaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madahil" title="Madahil">Madahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Malkiyya" title="Al-Malkiyya">Al-Malkiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallaha" title="Mallaha">Mallaha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Safad" title="Al-Manshiyya, Safad">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Safad" title="Al-Mansura, Safad">al-Mansura</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Mansurat_al-Khayt" title="Mansurat al-Khayt">Mansurat al-Khayt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marus,_Safad" title="Marus, Safad">Marus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiron" title="Meiron">Meiron</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Muftakhira" title="Al-Muftakhira">al-Muftakhira</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Mughr_al-Khayt" title="Mughr al-Khayt">Mughr al-Khayt</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Muntar" title="Khirbat al-Muntar">al-Muntar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nabi_Yusha%27" title="Al-Nabi Yusha'">al-Nabi Yusha'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Na%27ima" title="Al-Na'ima">al-Na'ima</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Qabba%27a" title="Qabba'a">Qabba'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedesh" title="Kedesh">Qadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaddita" title="Qaddita">Qaddita</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Qaytiyya" title="Qaytiyya">Qaytiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qudayriyya" title="Al-Qudayriyya">al-Qudayriyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ras_al-Ahmar" title="Al-Ras al-Ahmar">al-Ras al-Ahmar</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Sabalan,_Safad" title="Sabalan, Safad">Sabalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safsaf" title="Safsaf">Safsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliha" title="Saliha">Saliha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Salihiyya,_Palestine" title="Al-Salihiyya, Palestine">al-Salihiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sammu%27i" title="Al-Sammu'i">al-Sammu'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanbariyya" title="Al-Sanbariyya">al-Sanbariyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27sa%27" title="Sa'sa'">Sa'sa'</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shawka_al-Tahta" title="Al-Shawka al-Tahta">al-Shawka al-Tahta</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Shuna" title="Al-Shuna">al-Shuna</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Taytaba" title="Taytaba">Taytaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulayl" title="Tulayl">Tulayl</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Ulmaniyya" title="Al-'Ulmaniyya">al-'Ulmaniyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-%27Urayfiyya" title="Al-'Urayfiyya">al-'Urayfiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wayziyya" title="Al-Wayziyya">al-Wayziyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Yarda,_Safad" title="Yarda, Safad">Yarda, Safad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahiriyya_al-Tahta" title="Al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta">al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zanghariyya" title="Al-Zanghariyya">al-Zanghariyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Zawiya,_Safad" title="Zawiya, Safad">Zawiya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Fawqani" title="Al-Zuq al-Fawqani">al-Zuq al-Fawqani</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Zuq_al-Tahtani" title="Al-Zuq al-Tahtani">al-Zuq al-Tahtani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tiberias_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Tiberias Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Tiberias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awlam" title="Awlam">Awlam</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Dalhamiyya" title="Al-Dalhamiyya">al-Dalhamiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ghuwayr_Abu_Shusha" title="Ghuwayr Abu Shusha">Ghuwayr Abu Shusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadatha" title="Hadatha">Hadatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hamma,_Tiberias" title="Al-Hamma, Tiberias">al-Hamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittin" title="Hittin">Hittin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Sabt" title="Kafr Sabt">Kafr Sabt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubya" title="Lubya">Lubya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27dhar" title="Ma'dhar">Ma'dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdala#Al-Majdal" title="Magdala">al-Majdal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manara,_Palestine" title="Al-Manara, Palestine">al-Manara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tiberias" title="Al-Manshiyya, Tiberias">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mansura,_Tiberias" title="Al-Mansura, Tiberias">al-Mansura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_ad-Din,_Palestine" title="Nasir ad-Din, Palestine">Nasir al-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrin" title="Nimrin">Nimrin</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Nuqayb" title="Al-Nuqayb">al-Nuqayb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samakh,_Tiberias" title="Samakh, Tiberias">Samakh</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samakiyya" title="Al-Samakiyya">al-Samakiyya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Samra" title="Al-Samra">al-Samra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shajara,_Palestine" title="Al-Shajara, Palestine">al-Shajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabgha" title="Tabgha">al-Tabigha</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ubeidiya,_Tiberias" title="Ubeidiya, Tiberias">al-'Ubaydiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="Hamaam, Israel">Wadi Hamam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Wa%27ra_al-Sawda%27" title="Khirbat al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'">al-Wa'ra al-Sawda'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaquq" title="Yaquq">Yaquq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: #DBF7C9;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Tulkarm Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Tulkarm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Bayt_Lid" title="Khirbat Bayt Lid">Bayt Lid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Bayyarat_Hannun" title="Bayyarat Hannun">Bayyarat Hannun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fardisya" title="Fardisya">Fardisya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Ghabat_Kafr_Sur" title="Ghabat Kafr Sur">Ghabat Kafr Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jalama,_Tulkarm" title="Al-Jalama, Tulkarm">al-Jalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Saba" title="Kafr Saba">Kafr Saba</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Majdal" title="Khirbat al-Majdal">al-Majdal</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Al-Manshiyya,_Tulkarm" title="Al-Manshiyya, Tulkarm">al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miska,_Tulkarm" title="Miska, Tulkarm">Miska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqun" title="Qaqun">Qaqun</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Raml_Zayta" title="Raml Zayta">Raml Zayta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsur" title="Tabsur">Tabsur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Khalid" title="Umm Khalid">Umm Khalid</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Hawarith" title="Wadi al-Hawarith">Wadi al-Hawarith</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qabbani" title="Wadi Qabbani">Wadi Qabbani</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li class="Blofeld_stub"><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_al-Zababida" title="Khirbat al-Zababida">al-Zabadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Zalafa" title="Khirbat Zalafa">Zalafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nakba132" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nakbaend" title="Template:Nakbaend"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nakbaend" title="Template talk:Nakbaend"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakbaend" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakbaend"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nakba132" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 partition plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">causes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_denial" title="Nakba denial">Nakba denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Palestine refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Committee" title="Transfer Committee">Transfer Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">Resolution 194</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_battle_of_Hatikvah_Neighborhood" title="The battle of Hatikvah Neighborhood">The battle of Hatikvah Neighborhood</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Masalha" title="Nur Masalha">Nur Masalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origins_and_Evolution_of_the_Palestine_Problem" title="The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem">The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related categories/lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus">Villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related templates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinians" title="Template:Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Template:Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_and_the_Nakba" title="The Holocaust and the Nakba">The Holocaust and the Nakba</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cold_War16183" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cold_War" title="Template:Cold War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cold_War" title="Template talk:Cold War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cold_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cold War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cold_War16183" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">ANZUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Northeast Asia Treaty Organization">NEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Treaty_of_Reciprocal_Assistance" title="Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance">Rio Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morgenthau_Plan" title="Morgenthau Plan">Morgenthau Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukbalahap_rebellion" title="Hukbalahap rebellion">Hukbalahap rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_political_conflict" title="Jamaican political conflict">Jamaican political conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekemvriana" title="Dekemvriana">Dekemvriana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation <i>Priboi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation <i>Jungle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of the Baltic states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Unthinkable" title="Operation Unthinkable">Operation <i>Unthinkable</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouzenko_Affair" title="Gouzenko Affair">Gouzenko Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Vietnam_(1945%E2%80%931946)" title="War in Vietnam (1945–1946)">Operation <i>Masterdom</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Beleaguer" title="Operation Beleaguer">Operation <i>Beleaguer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Blacklist_Forty" title="Operation Blacklist Forty">Operation <i>Blacklist Forty</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_crisis_of_1946" title="Iran crisis of 1946">Iran crisis of 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Plan" title="Baruch Plan">Baruch Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corfu_Channel_incident" title="Corfu Channel incident">Corfu Channel incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits_crisis" title="Turkish Straits crisis">Turkish Straits crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restatement_of_Policy_on_Germany" title="Restatement of Policy on Germany">Restatement of Policy on Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1947 Polish parliamentary election">1947 Polish parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Relations_Conference" title="Asian Relations Conference">Asian Relations Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1947_crises" title="May 1947 crises">May 1947 crises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1947%E2%80%931948" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Control_Council#Incapacitation_of_the_council" title="Allied Control Council">Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wathbah_uprising" title="Al-Wathbah uprising">Al-Wathbah uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito–Stalin split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Hyderabad" title="Annexation of Hyderabad">Annexation of Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiun_Affair" title="Madiun Affair">Madiun Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Bloc" title="Western Bloc">Western Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="March 1949 Syrian coup d'état">March 1949 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valuable" title="Operation Valuable">Operation Valuable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_curtain" title="Bamboo curtain">Bamboo curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War (1952–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_rebellion" title="Mau Mau rebellion">Mau Mau rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Iranian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1953 Iranian coup d'état">1953 Iranian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pact_of_Madrid" title="Pact of Madrid">Pact of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricker_Amendment" title="Bricker Amendment">Bricker Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Syrian coup d'état">1954 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrov_Affair" title="Petrov Affair">Petrov Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Guatemalan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1954 Guatemalan coup d'état">1954 Guatemalan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_Tuapse" title="Capture of the Tuapse">Capture of the <i>Tuapse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="First Taiwan Strait Crisis">First Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_War" title="Jebel Akhdar War">Jebel Akhdar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Princess" title="Kashmir Princess">Kashmir Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1955)" title="Geneva Summit (1955)">Geneva Summit (1955)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Cult_of_Personality_and_Its_Consequences" title="On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences">On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Pozna%C5%84_protests" title="1956 Poznań protests">1956 Poznań protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_October" title="Polish October">Polish October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_will_bury_you" title="We will bury you">We will bury you</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gladio" title="Operation Gladio">Operation <i>Gladio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Crisis_of_1957" title="Syrian Crisis of 1957">Syrian Crisis of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_crisis" title="Sputnik crisis">Sputnik crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifni_War" title="Ifni War">Ifni War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">Iraqi 14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Lebanon_crisis" title="1958 Lebanon crisis">1958 Lebanon crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Second Taiwan Strait Crisis">Second Taiwan Strait Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Tibetan_uprising" title="1959 Tibetan uprising">1959 Tibetan uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Civil_War" title="Laotian Civil War">Laotian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Debate" title="Kitchen Debate">Kitchen Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidation_of_the_Cuban_Revolution" title="Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution">Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simba_rebellion" title="Simba rebellion">Simba rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_U-2_incident" title="1960 U-2 incident">1960 U-2 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1960 Turkish coup d'état">1960 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian%E2%80%93Soviet_split" title="Albanian–Soviet split">Albanian–Soviet split</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Soviets_from_Albania" title="Expulsion of Soviets from Albania">Expulsion of Soviets from Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="First Iraqi–Kurdish War">First Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961" title="Berlin Crisis of 1961">Berlin Crisis of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_War" title="Sand War">Sand War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_War" title="Portuguese Colonial War">Portuguese Colonial War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_War_of_Independence" title="Angolan War of Independence">Angolan War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">Guinea-Bissau War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_War_of_Independence" title="Mozambican War of Independence">Mozambican War of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Porte%C3%B1azo" title="El Porteñazo">El Porteñazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Communist insurgency in Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Assassination of John F. Kennedy">Assassination of John F. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_intercommunal_violence#Crisis_of_1963–1964" title="Cypriot intercommunal violence">Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifta_War" title="Shifta War">Shifta War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Dirty_War" title="Mexican Dirty War">Mexican Dirty War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tlatelolco_massacre" title="Tlatelolco massacre">Tlatelolco massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Civil_War" title="Guatemalan Civil War">Guatemalan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_conflict" title="Colombian conflict">Colombian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 Brazilian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965%E2%80%9366" title="Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66">Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">ASEAN Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Revolution" title="Argentine Revolution">Argentine Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_DMZ_Conflict" title="Korean DMZ Conflict">Korean DMZ Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12-3_incident" title="12-3 incident">12-3 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_junta" title="Greek junta">Greek junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Hong_Kong_riots" title="1967 Hong Kong riots">1967 Hong Kong riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_Lead_(Italy)" title="Years of Lead (Italy)">Years of Lead (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wadiah_War" title="Al-Wadiah War">Al-Wadiah War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Civil_War" title="Nigerian Civil War">Nigerian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_of_1968" title="Protests of 1968">Protests of 1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)#Pueblo_incident" title="USS Pueblo (AGER-2)">USS <i>Pueblo</i> incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Polish_political_crisis" title="1968 Polish political crisis">1968 Polish political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Communist insurgency in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Peruvian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1968 Peruvian coup d'état">1968 Peruvian coup d'état</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_Peru" title="Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru">Revolutionary Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Goulash Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">New People's Army rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tente" title="Détente">Détente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcora_Exercise" title="Alcora Exercise">Alcora Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">Cambodian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Thailand" title="Communist insurgency in Thailand">Communist insurgency in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Polish_protests" title="1970 Polish protests">1970 Polish protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_diplomacy" title="Ping-pong diplomacy">Ping-pong diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">1971 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_revolution_(Egypt)" title="Corrective revolution (Egypt)">Corrective revolution (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Turkish_military_memorandum" title="1971 Turkish military memorandum">1971 Turkish military memorandum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Sudanese coup d'état">1971 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Bolivian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1971 Bolivian coup d'état">1971 Bolivian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Power_Agreement_on_Berlin" title="Four Power Agreement on Berlin">Four Power Agreement on Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen#Disputes_with_North_Yemen" title="South Yemen">North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Yemenite_War" title="First Yemenite War">First Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%931975_Bangladesh_insurgency" title="1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency">1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Uruguayan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Uruguayan coup d'état">1973 Uruguayan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Afghan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Afghan coup d'état">1973 Afghan coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapolitefsi" title="Metapolitefsi">Metapolitefsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Arms_Limitation_Talks" title="Strategic Arms Limitation Talks">Strategic Arms Limitation Talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_War" title="Second Iraqi–Kurdish War">Second Iraqi–Kurdish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion of Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">15 August 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="3 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Siege of Dhaka (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_November_1975_Bangladeshi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="7 November 1975 Bangladeshi coup d'état">Sipahi-Janata revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1976_protests" title="June 1976 protests">June 1976 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambican_Civil_War" title="Mozambican Civil War">Mozambican Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oromo_conflict" title="Oromo conflict">Oromo conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Somali_coup_attempt" title="1978 Somali coup attempt">1978 Somali coup attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_War" title="Western Sahara War">Western Sahara War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Albanian_split" title="Sino-Albanian split">Sino-Albanian split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Indochina_War" title="Third Indochina War">Third Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" title="Cambodian conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Condor" title="Operation Condor">Operation <i>Condor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_War" title="Dirty War">Dirty War (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Argentine_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1976 Argentine coup d'état">1976 Argentine coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Egyptian–Libyan War">Egyptian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Autumn" title="German Autumn">German Autumn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_902" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 902">Korean Air Lines Flight 902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Revolution" title="Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaraguan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda%E2%80%93Tanzania_War" title="Uganda–Tanzania War">Uganda–Tanzania War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDF_Rebellion" title="NDF Rebellion">NDF Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadian%E2%80%93Libyan_War" title="Chadian–Libyan War">Chadian–Libyan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yemenite_War" title="Second Yemenite War">Second Yemenite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure" title="Grand Mosque seizure">Grand Mosque seizure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saur_Revolution" title="Saur Revolution">Saur Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">Sino-Vietnamese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement">New Jewel Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Herat_uprising" title="1979 Herat uprising">1979 Herat uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Days_to_the_River_Rhine" title="Seven Days to the River Rhine">Seven Days to the River Rhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Struggle_against_political_abuse_of_psychiatry_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union">Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1980 Summer Olympics boycott">1980</a> and <a href="/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics_boycott" title="1984 Summer Olympics boycott">1984 Summer Olympics boycotts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gera_Demands" title="Gera Demands">Gera Demands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Civil_War_of_1980%E2%80%932000" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Civil War of 1980–2000">Peruvian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Agreement" title="Gdańsk Agreement">Gdańsk Agreement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Civil_Wars" title="Eritrean Civil Wars">Eritrean Civil Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Bush_War" title="Ugandan Bush War">Ugandan Bush War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Sidra_incident_(1981)" title="Gulf of Sidra incident (1981)">Gulf of Sidra incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casamance_conflict" title="Casamance conflict">Casamance conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_Border_War" title="1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War">1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndogboyosoi_War" title="Ndogboyosoi War">Ndogboyosoi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">United States invasion of Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Able_Archer_83" title="Able Archer 83">Able Archer 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Star Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Summit_(1985)" title="Geneva Summit (1985)">1985 Geneva Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Rebellion" title="Somali Rebellion">Somali Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk_Summit" title="Reykjavík Summit">Reykjavík Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Black_Sea_incident" title="1986 Black Sea incident">1986 Black Sea incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war" title="South Yemen civil war">South Yemen civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_War" title="Toyota War">Toyota War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Lieyu_massacre" title="1987 Lieyu massacre">1987 Lieyu massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Denver" title="Operation Denver">Operation Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">1987–1989 JVP insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Resistance_Army_insurgency" title="Lord's Resistance Army insurgency">Lord's Resistance Army insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Black_Sea_bumping_incident" title="1988 Black Sea bumping incident">1988 Black Sea bumping incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8888_Uprising" title="8888 Uprising">8888 Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Solidarity" title="History of Solidarity">Solidarity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_reaction_to_the_Polish_crisis_of_1980%E2%80%931981" title="Soviet reaction to the Polish crisis of 1980–1981">Soviet reaction</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contras" title="Contras">Contras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_RYAN" title="Operation RYAN">Operation RYAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007" title="Korean Air Lines Flight 007">Korean Air Lines Flight 007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bougainville_conflict" title="Bougainville conflict">Bougainville conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">Afghan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Polish_strikes" title="1988 Polish strikes">1988 Polish strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Round_Table_Agreement" title="Polish Round Table Agreement">Polish Round Table Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Tiananmen_Square_protests_and_massacre" title="1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre">1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1989" title="Revolutions of 1989">Revolutions of 1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall" title="Fall of the Berlin Wall">Fall of the Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_inner_German_border" title="Fall of the inner German border">Fall of the inner German border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Revolution_of_1990" title="Mongolian Revolution of 1990">Mongolian Revolution of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5540_incident" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident">Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Ping_Yu_No._5202" title="Min Ping Yu No. 5202">Min Ping Yu No. 5202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">Fall of communism in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">Dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">1991 August Coup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Frozen_conflict" title="Frozen conflict">Frozen conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia_conflict" title="Abkhazia conflict">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">China-Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute" title="Sino-Indian border dispute">Sino-Indian border dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">North Borneo dispute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Foreign policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Doctrine" title="Truman Doctrine">Truman Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Doctrine" title="Eisenhower Doctrine">Eisenhower Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domino_theory" title="Domino theory">Domino theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallstein_Doctrine" title="Hallstein Doctrine">Hallstein Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Doctrine" title="Kennedy Doctrine">Kennedy Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_coexistence" title="Peaceful coexistence">Peaceful coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostpolitik" title="Ostpolitik">Ostpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Doctrine" title="Johnson Doctrine">Johnson Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnev Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nixon_Doctrine" title="Nixon Doctrine">Nixon Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulbricht_Doctrine" title="Ulbricht Doctrine">Ulbricht Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Doctrine" title="Carter Doctrine">Carter Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollback" title="Rollback">Rollback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmen_Agreement" title="Kinmen Agreement">Kinmen Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_school_of_economics" title="Chicago school of economics">Chicago school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">American conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetarism" title="Monetarism">Monetarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_economics" title="Neoclassical economics">Neoclassical economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Titoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvinism" title="Chauvinism">Chauvinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocracy" title="Autocracy">Autocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illiberal_democracy" title="Illiberal democracy">Illiberal democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_democracy" title="Guided democracy">Guided democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-worldism" title="Third-worldism">Third-worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy#White_separatism" title="White supremacy">White separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia_Treaty_Organization" title="Southeast Asia Treaty Organization">SEATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">METO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_and_Non-Aligned_European_States" title="Neutral and Non-Aligned European States">NN States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-communist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_measures" title="Active measures">Active measures</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Life" title="Russian Life">Soviet Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pro-Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amerika_(magazine)" title="Amerika (magazine)">Amerika</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_for_Freedom" title="Crusade for Freedom">Crusade for Freedom</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paix_et_Libert%C3%A9" title="Paix et Liberté">Paix et Liberté</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Technological<br />competition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_race" title="Arms race">Arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_arms_race" title="Nuclear arms race">Nuclear arms race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gar_Alperovitz" title="Gar Alperovitz">Gar Alperovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Bailey" title="Thomas A. Bailey">Thomas A. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Beschloss" title="Michael Beschloss">Michael Beschloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Brown_(historian)" title="Archie Brown (historian)">Archie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_H._Carroll" title="Warren H. Carroll">Warren H. Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Cioroianu" title="Adrian Cioroianu">Adrian Cioroianu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Costello_(historian)" title="John Costello (historian)">John Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(academic)" title="Michael Cox (academic)">Michael Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Cull" title="Nicholas J. Cull">Nicholas J. Cull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Willem Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._English" title="Robert D. English">Robert D. English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Feis" title="Herbert Feis">Herbert Feis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Ferrell" title="Robert Hugh Ferrell">Robert Hugh Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fontaine" title="André Fontaine">André Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneli_Ute_Gabanyi" title="Anneli Ute Gabanyi">Anneli Ute Gabanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis_Gaddis" title="John Lewis Gaddis">John Lewis Gaddis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Gardner" title="Lloyd Gardner">Lloyd Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Garton_Ash" title="Timothy Garton Ash">Timothy Garton Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Gorodetsky" title="Gabriel Gorodetsky">Gabriel Gorodetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Halliday" title="Fred Halliday">Fred Halliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jussi_Hanhim%C3%A4ki" title="Jussi Hanhimäki">Jussi Hanhimäki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Earl_Haynes" title="John Earl Haynes">John Earl Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hearden" title="Patrick J. Hearden">Patrick J. Hearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvrtko_Jakovina" title="Tvrtko Jakovina">Tvrtko Jakovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Judt" title="Tony Judt">Tony Judt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Klehr" title="Harvey Klehr">Harvey Klehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kolko" title="Gabriel Kolko">Gabriel Kolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_LaFeber" title="Walter LaFeber">Walter LaFeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Laqueur" title="Walter Laqueur">Walter Laqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_P._Leffler" title="Melvyn P. Leffler">Melvyn P. Leffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geir_Lundestad" title="Geir Lundestad">Geir Lundestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Mastny_(historian)" title="Vojtech Mastny (historian)">Vojtech Mastny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_F._Matlock_Jr." title="Jack F. Matlock Jr.">Jack F. Matlock Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._McCormick" title="Thomas J. McCormick">Thomas J. McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Naftali" title="Timothy Naftali">Timothy Naftali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Oprea" title="Marius Oprea">Marius Oprea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._Painter" title="David S. Painter">David S. Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Pickett" title="William B. Pickett">William B. Pickett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_E._Powaski" title="Ronald E. Powaski">Ronald E. Powaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_M._Rabkin" title="Yakov M. Rabkin">Yakov M. Rabkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._E._Sarotte" title="M. E. Sarotte">M. E. Sarotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Schlesinger_Jr." title="Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.">Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Schrecker" title="Ellen Schrecker">Ellen Schrecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giles_Scott-Smith" title="Giles Scott-Smith">Giles Scott-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Zhihua" title="Shen Zhihua">Shen Zhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athan_Theoharis" title="Athan Theoharis">Athan Theoharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Thorpe" title="Andrew Thorpe">Andrew Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Tism%C4%83neanu" title="Vladimir Tismăneanu">Vladimir Tismăneanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vaughan" title="Patrick Vaughan">Patrick Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_von_Tunzelmann" title="Alex von Tunzelmann">Alex von Tunzelmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Arne_Westad" title="Odd Arne Westad">Odd Arne Westad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleman_Williams" title="William Appleman Williams">William Appleman Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Reed_Winkler" title="Jonathan Reed Winkler">Jonathan Reed Winkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Winnacker" title="Rudolph Winnacker">Rudolph Winnacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Young" title="Ken Young">Ken Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Espionage and<br />intelligence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Bloc_agents_in_the_United_States" title="List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States">List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Soviet espionage in the United States">Soviet espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States" title="Russian espionage in the United States">Russian espionage in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_espionage_in_the_Soviet_Union_and_Russian_Federation" title="American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation">American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_and_the_Cultural_Cold_War" title="CIA and the Cultural Cold War">CIA and the Cultural Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">MI6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_involvement_in_regime_change" title="United States involvement in regime change">United States involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_involvement_in_regime_change" title="Soviet involvement in regime change">Soviet involvement in regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)">MVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasi" title="Stasi">Stasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Soviet Union–United States relations">Soviet Union–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_Union%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Soviet Union–United States summits">Soviet Union–United States summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Russia–NATO relations">Russia–NATO relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinkmanship#Cold_War" title="Brinkmanship">Brinkmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Atomica" title="Pax Atomica">Pax Atomica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">Second Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cold_War" title="Category:Cold War">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_related_to_the_Cold_War" title="List of conflicts related to the Cold War">List of conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Cold_War" title="Timeline of the Cold War">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Egypt_to_Israel" title="List of ambassadors of Egypt to Israel">Ambassadors of Egypt to Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Israel_to_Egypt" title="List of ambassadors of Israel to Egypt">Ambassadors of Israel to Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a></li> <li>Sinai Disengagement Agreements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_United_Nations_Emergency_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Second United Nations Emergency Force">Second United Nations Emergency Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Interim_Agreement" title="Sinai Interim Agreement">Sinai Interim Agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safari_Club" title="Safari Club">Safari Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_and_Observers" title="Multinational Force and Observers">Multinational Force and Observers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negev_Summit" title="Negev Summit">Negev Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_exchange_of_Israeli_hostages_for_Palestinian_prisoners" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners">2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Suez_Crisis" title="Timeline of the Suez Crisis">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by the United Arab Republic">Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Sinai_Peninsula" title="Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula">Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Tel_Aviv_bus_station_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing">1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavon_Affair" title="Lavon Affair">Lavon Affair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Max_Bineth" title="Meir Max Bineth">Meir Max Bineth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Marzouk" title="Moshe Marzouk">Moshe Marzouk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Damocles" title="Operation Damocles">Operation Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahr_El-Baqar_primary_school_bombing" title="Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing">Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Burqa_massacre" title="Ras Burqa massacre">Ras Burqa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Netafim_ambush" title="Ein Netafim ambush">Ein Netafim ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzam_Azzam" title="Azzam Azzam">Azzam Azzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouda_Tarabin" title="Ouda Tarabin">Ouda Tarabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_bus_crash" title="Sinai bus crash">Sinai bus crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hezbollah_plot_in_Egypt" title="2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt">2009 Hezbollah plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Grapel_affair" title="Ilan Grapel affair">Ilan Grapel affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_attack_on_the_Israeli_Embassy_in_Egypt" title="2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt">2011 attack on Israeli Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_border_shooting_incident" title="2023 Egypt–Israel border shooting incident">2023 border shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Alexandria_shooting" title="2023 Alexandria shooting">2023 Alexandria shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Egypt–Israel barrier">Barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Sinai" title="Air Sinai">Air Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_Hotel_%26_Nelson_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Taba Hotel & Nelson Village">Taba Hotel & Nelson Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazima" title="Azazima">Azazima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Abuhatzeira" title="Yaakov Abuhatzeira">Yaakov Abuhatzeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49092#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata831" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49092#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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