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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_Egyptian_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Egyptian_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Ancient Egyptian sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Egyptian_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hebrew_Bible_and_Jewish_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hebrew_Bible_and_Jewish_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Hebrew Bible and Jewish sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hebrew_Bible_and_Jewish_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oldest_written_mention_of_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldest_written_mention_of_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Oldest written mention of Jerusalem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldest_written_mention_of_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jebus,_Zion,_City_of_David" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jebus,_Zion,_City_of_David"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Jebus, Zion, City of David </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jebus,_Zion,_City_of_David-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greek,_Roman_and_Byzantine_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greek,_Roman_and_Byzantine_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Greek, Roman and Byzantine names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greek,_Roman_and_Byzantine_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Salem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arabic_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabic_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Arabic names </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabic_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Political status </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political status subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 International status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_under_Israeli_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_under_Israeli_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Status under Israeli rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_under_Israeli_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Jerusalem as capital of Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_precinct_and_national_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_precinct_and_national_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Government precinct and national institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_precinct_and_national_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Israeli settlements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Jerusalem as capital of Palestine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palestinian_offices_and_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_offices_and_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Palestinian offices and institutions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_offices_and_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Municipal administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographic_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographic_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Demographic history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographic_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Current demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_planning_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_planning_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Urban planning issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_planning_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Religious significance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Religious_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Religious significance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Religious_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Urban structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urban_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Urban structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Urban_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-High-rise_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-rise_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 High-rise construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-rise_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_projects_in_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_projects_in_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 New projects in Jerusalem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_projects_in_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Public transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Railway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Airport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arab_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arab_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Arab schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arab_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jerusalem</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 237 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-237" aria-hidden="true" > 237 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Quds" title="Al-Quds – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Al-Quds" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D" title="Къудс Къалэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къудс Къалэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B3%E1%88%8C%E1%88%9D" title="እየሩሳሌም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እየሩሳሌም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="येरुशलम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="येरुशलम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="القدس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القدس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherusalem" title="Cherusalem – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cherusalem" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%AB%DC%A0%DC%A1" title="ܐܘܪܫܠܡ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܘܪܫܠܡ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A7%D5%B4" title="Երուսաղէմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Երուսաղէմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="জেৰুজালেম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জেৰুজালেম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Xerusalén – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुशलम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जेरुशलम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusal%E1%BA%BD" title="Herusalẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Herusalẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Байтул Макъдис – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Байтул Макъдис" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCds" title="Qüds – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qüds" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="بیت‌المقدس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیت‌المقدس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE" title="জেরুসালেম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেরুসালেম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baitul_Maqdis" title="Baitul Maqdis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Baitul Maqdis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2-l%C5%8D%CD%98-sat-l%C3%A9ng" title="Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ҡодос – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡодос" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Іерусалім – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іерусалім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Ерусалім – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ерусалім" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="येरुशलम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="येरुशलम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Йерусалим – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йерусалим" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C4%95%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Мĕрселин – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мĕрселин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalen" title="Jerusalen – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jerusalen" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C3%A9m" title="Jeruzalém – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeruzalém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Jerusalén – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusarema" title="Jerusarema – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Jerusarema" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghjerusaleme" title="Ghjerusaleme – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ghjerusaleme" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriwsalem" title="Jeriwsalem – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jeriwsalem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="لقدس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لقدس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AB%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%9D%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%A9%DE%89%DE%B0" title="އޫރުޝަލީމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އޫރުޝަލީމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुशलम – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जेरुशलम" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemm" title="Jeruusalemm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeruusalemm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC" title="Ιερουσαλήμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιερουσαλήμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Jerusalén – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemo" title="Jerusalemo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jerusalemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9n" title="Jerusalén – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jerusalén" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="اورشلیم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اورشلیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%BAsalem" title="Jerúsalem – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jerúsalem" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalim" title="Jeruzalim – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jeruzalim" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iar%C3%BAsail%C3%A9im" title="Iarúsailéim – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iarúsailéim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerusal%C3%A9n" title="Xerusalén – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xerusalén" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Байтулмакъдис – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Байтулмакъдис" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A2-lu-sat-l%C3%A2ng" title="Yâ-lu-sat-lâng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yâ-lu-sat-lâng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%98" title="예루살렘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예루살렘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ielukalema" title="Ielukalema – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ielukalema" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B4" title="Երուսաղեմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երուսաղեմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="यरुशलम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यरुशलम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJerusalem" title="IJerusalem – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IJerusalem" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYerusalem" title="IYerusalem – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IYerusalem" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%BAsalem" title="Jerúsalem – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jerúsalem" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ירושלים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירושלים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9rusalem" title="Yérusalem – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yérusalem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C9%9Bm" title="Jeruzalɛm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Jeruzalɛm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82" title="ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იერუსალიმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იერუსალიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozol%C3%ABma" title="Jerozolëma – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jerozolëma" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalemu" title="Yerusalemu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yerusalemu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalemu" title="Yerusalemu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yerusalemu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerizal%C3%A8m" title="Jerizalèm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jerizalèm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or%C5%9Fel%C3%AEm" title="Orşelîm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Orşelîm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalem" title="Ierusalem – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ierusalem" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerushalayim" title="Yerushalayim – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Yerushalayim" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B9%E2%80%8B%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E2%80%8B%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1" title="ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierosolyma" title="Hierosolyma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hierosolyma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzaleme" title="Jeruzaleme – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jeruzaleme" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ярусалим – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ярусалим" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzal%C4%97" title="Jeruzalė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jeruzalė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusal%C3%A9mi" title="Yerusalémi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Yerusalémi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieruxalim" title="Ieruxalim – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ieruxalim" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalimu" title="Jerusalimu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jerusalimu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%C3%BCsalem" title="Gerüsalem – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gerüsalem" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzs%C3%A1lem" title="Jeruzsálem – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jeruzsálem" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुसेलम – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जेरुसेलम" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ерусалим – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ерусалим" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerosalema" title="Jerosalema – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jerosalema" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%82" title="ജെറുസലേം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെറുസലേം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0erusalemm" title="Ġerusalemm – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġerusalemm" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiruharama_(City)" title="Hiruharama (City) – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hiruharama (City)" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुसलेम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जेरुसलेम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="იერუსალიმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იერუსალიმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="القدس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القدس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="اورشلیم القدس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اورشلیم القدس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baitulmuqaddis" title="Baitulmuqaddis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baitulmuqaddis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0-l%C3%B4-s%C3%A1k-l%C4%93ng" title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ià-lô-sák-lēng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarusalen" title="Jarusalen – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jarusalen" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Ерусалим – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ерусалим" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemi" title="Jerusalemi – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Jerusalemi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE" title="जेरुसेलम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जेरुसेलम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A0" title="エルサレム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルサレム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gierusalemme" title="Gierusalemme – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Gierusalemme" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81-%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Къудс-ГӀала – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Къудс-ГӀала" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalem" title="Jeruusalem – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jeruusalem" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A8m" title="Jerusalèm – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jerusalèm" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE" title="ଜେରୁସାଲେମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜେରୁସାଲେମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quddus" title="Quddus – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Quddus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE" title="ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="القدس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="القدس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3" title="بيت المقدس – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بيت المقدس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiruusalem" title="Jiruusalem – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jiruusalem" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%98" title="យេរូសាឡឹម – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យេរូសាឡឹម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9rusalem" title="Jérusalem – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jérusalem" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalem" title="Gerusalem – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gerusalem" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozolima" title="Jerozolima – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jerozolima" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE%CE%BC" title="Ιερουσαλήμ – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιερουσαλήμ" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9m" title="Jerusalém – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jerusalém" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qud%C4%B1s" title="Al-Qudıs – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Al-Qudıs" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qudus" title="Qudus – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qudus" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalim" title="Ierusalim – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ierusalim" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirusalim" title="Hirusalim – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hirusalim" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Єрусалим – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Єрусалим" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierusalema" title="Ierusalema – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ierusalema" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱡᱮᱨᱩᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱮᱨᱩᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalemi" title="Jeruzalemi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jeruzalemi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girusalemmi" title="Girusalemmi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Girusalemmi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%85" title="يروشلم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="يروشلم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8A" title="Їєроусалимъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їєроусалимъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozolima" title="Jerozolima – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jerozolima" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qudus" title="Qudus – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Qudus" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ئورشەلیم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئورشەلیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Јерусалим – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јерусалим" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerusalem" title="Yerusalem – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yerusalem" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herusalem" title="Herusalem – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Herusalem" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="எருசலேம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எருசலேம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%E1%B9%9Bacalim" title="Uṛacalim – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uṛacalim" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerusalemme" title="Gerusalemme – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Gerusalemme" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%82" title="జెరూసలేం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జెరూసలేం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="เยรูซาเลม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เยรูซาเลม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Уршалим – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Уршалим" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs" title="Kudüs – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kudüs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudus" title="Kudus – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kudus" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urusha%CC%B1lima" title="Urusha̱lima – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Urusha̱lima" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Иерусалим – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Иерусалим" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Єрусалим – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єрусалим" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%85" title="یروشلم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یروشلم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%87%D8%B3" title="قۇددۇس – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇددۇس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruza%C5%82eme" title="Jeruzałeme – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Jeruzałeme" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalim" title="Jerusalim – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jerusalim" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierusalem" title="Hierusalem – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hierusalem" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruusalemm" title="Jeruusalemm – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jeruusalemm" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djeruzalem" title="Djeruzalem – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ירושלים – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ירושלים" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jer%C3%BAs%C3%A1l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81m%C3%B9" title="Jerúsálẹ́mù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jerúsálẹ́mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C5%9Felim" title="Urşelim – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Urşelim" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruzalem" title="Jeruzalem – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jeruzalem" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerozal%C4%97" title="Jerozalė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jerozalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="耶路撒冷" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeruselem" title="Jeruselem – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jeruselem" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9tulmegedis" title="Bétulmegedis – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bétulmegedis" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jerusalem" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerussalem" title="Yerussalem – Komering" lang="kge" 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.geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jerusalem&params=31_46_44_N_35_13_32_E_region:IL-JM_type:city">31°46′44″N 35°13′32″E / 31.77889°N 35.22556°E / 31.77889; 35.22556</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in the Southern Levant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bayt al-Maqdis" and "Al-Quds" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jerusalem (disambiguation)">Jerusalem (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Al-Quds (disambiguation)">Al-Quds (disambiguation)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Maqdis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bayt al-Maqdis (disambiguation)">Bayt al-Maqdis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Israel and Palestine, Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jerusalem</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>יְרוּשָׁלַיִם‎ (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</li><li><link 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.trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:282px;max-width:282px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:280px;max-width:280px"><div style="height:140px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_(12395649153)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_%2812395649153%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/278px-Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_%2812395649153%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_%2812395649153%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/417px-Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_%2812395649153%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_%2812395649153%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/556px-Dome_of_the_Rock_seen_from_the_Mount_of_Olives_%2812395649153%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3412" data-file-height="1729" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a> with <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:131px;max-width:131px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg/129px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg/194px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg/258px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5711" data-file-height="4283" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">Tower of David</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/145px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/218px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg/290px-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zion_Square" title="Zion Square">Zion Square</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/84px-Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/126px-Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_%28cropped%29.jpg/168px-Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge_5_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="569" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Chords_Bridge" title="Chords Bridge">Chords Bridge</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem,_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem%2C_Israel.jpg/93px-Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem%2C_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem%2C_Israel.jpg/140px-Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem%2C_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem%2C_Israel.jpg/186px-Old_city_walls_and_mamilla_ave._at_night_-_as_seen_from_%22Rooftop%22_restauran_-_Jerusalem%2C_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mamilla_Mall" title="Mamilla Mall">Mamilla Mall</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg/93px-16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg/140px-16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg/186px-16-03-30-Klagemauer_Jerusalem_RalfR-DSCF7704.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4896" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_(14755133799).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_%2814755133799%29.jpg/133px-Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_%2814755133799%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_%2814755133799%29.jpg/200px-Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_%2814755133799%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_%2814755133799%29.jpg/266px-Billy_Rose_Art_Garden_%2814755133799%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3062" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:143px;max-width:143px"><div style="height:85px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_(4261730886).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_%284261730886%29.jpg/141px-East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_%284261730886%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_%284261730886%29.jpg/212px-East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_%284261730886%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_%284261730886%29.jpg/282px-East_Jerusalem_-_The_Old_City_-_171_%284261730886%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4097" data-file-height="2500" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Ir ha-Kodesh (The Holy City)</li><li>Bayt al-Maqdis (House of the Holiness)</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Jerusalem"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/250px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/375px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/500px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.979%;left:58.675%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Jerusalem</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Israel</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_location_map_wide.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Jerusalem"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/250px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/375px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/500px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.979%;left:58.675%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Jerusalem</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of State of Palestine</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_East_location_map2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Jerusalem"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Middle_East_location_map2.svg/250px-Middle_East_location_map2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Middle_East_location_map2.svg/375px-Middle_East_location_map2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Middle_East_location_map2.svg/500px-Middle_East_location_map2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="169" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.119%;left:37.168%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Jerusalem</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Middle East</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Jerusalem"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Asia_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Asia_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.925%;left:7.59%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Location of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Jerusalem</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Asia</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jerusalem&params=31_46_44_N_35_13_32_E_region:IL-JM_type:city">31°46′44″N 35°13′32″E / 31.77889°N 35.22556°E / 31.77889; 35.22556</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administered by</th><td class="infobox-data">Israel</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Claimed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[note 1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">Israeli district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Palestinian governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quds_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Quds Governorate">Quds</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a> settlement</th><td class="infobox-data">3000–2800 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(archaeological_site)" title="City of David (archaeological site)">City of David</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1000 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">Present Old City walls</a> built</th><td class="infobox-data">1541</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Jerusalem)" title="City Line (Jerusalem)">East-West Jerusalem division</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem" title="Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem">Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1967</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1980</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Municipality" title="Jerusalem Municipality">Jerusalem Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Jerusalem" title="Mayor of Jerusalem">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Lion" title="Moshe Lion">Moshe Lion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">125,156 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (125.156 km2 or 48.323 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">652,000 dunams (652 km2 or 252 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">754 m (2,474 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">981,711</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,800/km2 (20,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,253,900</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalemite">Jerusalemite</a></li><li>(Hebrew: Yerushalmi)</li><li>(Arabic: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Qudsi" class="extiw" title="wikt:Qudsi">Qudsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maqdisi" title="Maqdisi">Maqdisi</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Standard_Time" title="Israel Standard Time">IST</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Standard Time">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Israel_Summer_Time" title="Israel Summer Time">IDT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Summer_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Summer Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Israel" title="Postal codes in Israel">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">9XXXXXX</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Israel" title="Telephone numbers in Israel">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+972-2</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en">jerusalem.muni.il</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">ii, iii, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1981</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148">148</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Arab_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Arab States">Arab States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">Endangered</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1982–present</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Jerusalem" title="Category:Jerusalem">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/200px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/300px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg/400px-%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1410" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1000 BCE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Second_Temple_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period">Second Temple Period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 538 BCE–70 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 130–325 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_during_the_Byzantine_period" title="Jerusalem during the Byzantine period">Byzantine</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 325–638 CE</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Early_Muslim_period" title="History of Jerusalem during the Early Muslim period">Early Muslim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 638–1099</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem_during_the_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusader</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1099–1187</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Jerusalem" title="Medieval Jerusalem">Late Medieval</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1187–1517</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Ottoman</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1517–1917</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1917–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Modern period <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem" title="Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem">Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem</a>)</li></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1948-</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Sieges</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Before Common Era</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_siege_of_Jerusalem" title="Assyrian siege of Jerusalem">701 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(597_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC)">597 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">587 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(63_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (63 BC)">63 BCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(37_BC)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC)">37 BCE</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Common Era</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">614</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(636%E2%80%93637)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)">637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">1099</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">1187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">1244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1834)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1834)">1834</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jerusalem" title="Battle of Jerusalem">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">1948</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Jerusalem" title="List of places in Jerusalem">Places</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogues_of_Jerusalem" title="Synagogues of Jerusalem">Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Jerusalem" title="List of mosques in Jerusalem">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Biblical_Zoo" title="Jerusalem Biblical Zoo">Biblical Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Lazarus" title="Tomb of Lazarus">Tomb of Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Jerusalem" title="List of people from Jerusalem">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Demographic history of Jerusalem">Demographic history</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Jerusalem" title="Mayor of Jerusalem">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Jerusalem" title="Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem">Chief Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">Crusader kings</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Political status</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">Religious significance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem in Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quds_Day" title="Quds Day">Quds Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaization_of_Jerusalem" title="Judaization of Jerusalem">Judaization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Jerusalem" title="Islamization of Jerusalem">Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">US recognition</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0px #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Other topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Jerusalem" title="Names of Jerusalem">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Jerusalem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Municipality" title="Jerusalem Municipality">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Jerusalem" title="Greater Jerusalem">Greater Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jerusalem" title="Cuisine of Jerusalem">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Jerusalem)" title="City Line (Jerusalem)">City Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jerusalem" title="Transport in Jerusalem">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Jerusalem" title="List of songs about Jerusalem">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Jerusalem" title="Cartography of Jerusalem">Historical maps</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Template:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Jerusalem<a href="#cite_note-9">[note 2]</a> is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Levant" title="Southern Levant">Southern Levant</a>, on a plateau in the <a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">oldest cities in the world</a>, and is considered <a href="/wiki/Holy_city" title="Holy city">holy</a> to the three major <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>—<a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. Both the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> claim Jerusalem as their <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a>. Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there, and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Neither claim is widely <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">recognized internationally</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[note 3]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a> Throughout <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">its long history</a>, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Siege of Jerusalem (disambiguation)">besieged 23 times</a>, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times.<a href="#cite_note-Moment-12">[9]</a> The part of Jerusalem called the <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (historic)">City of David</a> shows first signs of settlement in the 4th millennium BCE, in the shape of encampments of nomadic shepherds.<a href="#cite_note-Greenberg-13">[10]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanite</a> period (14th century BCE), Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a> tablets, probably meaning "City of <a href="/wiki/Shalim" title="Shalim">Shalem</a>" after a <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite deity</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelite</a> period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 10th century BCE (Iron Age II), and by the 9th century BCE, the city had developed into the religious and administrative center of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a> In 1538, the <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">city walls were rebuilt</a> for a last time around Jerusalem under <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Today those walls define the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City</a>, which since the 19th century has been divided into four quarters – the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim</a> quarters.<a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Teller-16">[13]</a> The Old City became a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1981, and is on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_in_Danger" title="List of World Heritage in Danger">List of World Heritage in Danger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a> Since 1860, <a href="/wiki/Expansion_of_Jerusalem_in_the_19th_century" title="Expansion of Jerusalem in the 19th century">Jerusalem has grown</a> far beyond the Old City's boundaries. In 2022, Jerusalem had a <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Demographic history of Jerusalem">population</a> of some 971,800 residents, of which almost 60% were Jews and almost 40% Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-cbs.gov.il_2022-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[note 4]</a> In 2020, the population was 951,100, of which <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> comprised 570,100 (59.9%), <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> 353,800 (37.2%), <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> 16,300 (1.7%), and 10,800 unclassified (1.1%).<a href="#cite_note-PopRel-21">[17]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Tanakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanakh">Hebrew Bible</a>, King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jebus" title="Siege of Jebus">conquered the city</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Jebusite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebusite">Jebusites</a> and established it as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Kingdom of Israel</a>, and his son, King <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>, commissioned the building of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">First Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bible-david-23">[note 5]</a> Modern scholars argue that Israelites branched out of the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> peoples and culture through the development of a distinct <a href="/wiki/Monolatry" title="Monolatry">monolatrous</a>—and later <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a>—religion centered on <a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El</a>/<a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tubb98-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Smith02-25">[20]</a> These foundational events, straddling the dawn of the 1st millennium BCE, assumed central symbolic <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">importance</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1000BCE-26">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a> The sobriquet of holy city (Hebrew: עיר הקודש, romanized: 'Ir ha-Qodesh) was probably attached to Jerusalem in <a href="/wiki/Post-exilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-exilic">post-exilic</a> times.<a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a> The holiness of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem in Christianity</a>, conserved in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:5-31">[26]</a> which Christians adopted as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:6-32">[27]</a> was reinforced by the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> account of <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Jesus's crucifixion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection</a> there. Meanwhile, in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, Jerusalem is the third-holiest city, after <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3rd-33">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> The city was the first <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">standard direction</a> for <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Muslim prayers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:7-35">[30]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">in Islamic tradition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> made his <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a> there in 621, ascending to heaven where he spoke to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a>, per the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-36">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a> As a result, despite having an area of only <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>0.9 km2 (3⁄8 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> the Old City is home to many sites of seminal <a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">religious importance</a>, among them the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> with its <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. At present, the <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">status of Jerusalem</a> remains one of the core issues in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> was among the areas <a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Jerusalem" title="Battle for Jerusalem">incorporated</a> into Israel, while <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, including the Old City, was occupied and <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">annexed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. Israel occupied East Jerusalem from Jordan during the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem" title="Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem">annexed</a> it into the city's municipality, together with additional surrounding territory.<a href="#cite_note-42">[note 6]</a> One of Israel's <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic Laws</a>, the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>, refers to Jerusalem as the country's undivided capital. All branches of the Israeli government are located in Jerusalem, including the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> (Israel's parliament), the <a href="/wiki/Beit_Aghion" title="Beit Aghion">residences of the Prime Minister</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_HaNassi" title="Beit HaNassi">President</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a> rejects the annexation as illegal and regards East Jerusalem as <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Palestinian territory occupied by Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_names">Etymology and names</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Jerusalem" title="Names of Jerusalem">Names of Jerusalem</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3></div> The name "Jerusalem" is variously etymologized to mean "foundation (Semitic yry' 'to found, to lay a cornerstone') of the pagan god <a href="/wiki/Shalim" title="Shalim">Shalem</a>";<a href="#cite_note-47">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Binz-48">[42]</a> the god Shalem was thus the original <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">tutelary deity</a> of the Bronze Age city.<a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a> Shalim or Shalem was the name of the god of dusk in the <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite religion</a>, whose name is based on the same root <a href="/wiki/S-L-M" class="mw-redirect" title="S-L-M">S-L-M</a> from which the Hebrew word for "peace" is derived (Shalom in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, cognate with <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Arabic</a> Salam).<a href="#cite_note-50">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[45]</a> The name thus offered itself to etymologizations such as "The City of Peace",<a href="#cite_note-Binz-48">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hastings-52">[46]</a> "Abode of Peace",<a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-53">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-DeGarmo-54">[48]</a> "Dwelling of Peace" ("founded in safety"),<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> or "Vision of Peace" in some Christian authors.<a href="#cite_note-Harrison-56">[50]</a> The ending -ayim indicates the <a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">dual</a>, thus leading to the suggestion that the name Yerushalayim refers to the fact that the city initially sat on two hills.<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Egyptian_sources">Ancient Egyptian sources</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Execration_Texts" class="mw-redirect" title="Execration Texts">Execration Texts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a> (c. 19th century BCE), which refer to a city called rwšꜣlmm or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EA%9C%A3w%C5%A1%EA%9C%A3mm" class="extiw" title="wikt:ꜣwšꜣmm">ꜣwšꜣmm</a>, variously transcribed as Rušalimum, or Urušalimum,<a href="#cite_note-59">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[54]</a> may indicate Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-61">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> Alternatively, the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a> of <a href="/wiki/Abdi-Heba" title="Abdi-Heba">Abdi-Heba</a> (1330s BCE), which reference an Úrušalim, may be the earliest mention of the city.<a href="#cite_note-vaughn-63">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hebrew_Bible_and_Jewish_sources">Hebrew Bible and Jewish sources</h3></div> The form Yerushalem or Yerushalayim first appears in the Bible, in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Book of Joshua</a>. According to a <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>, the name is a combination of two names united by God, Yireh ("the abiding place", the name given by <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> to the place where <a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac" title="Binding of Isaac">he planned to sacrifice his son</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Salem_(Bible)" title="Salem (Bible)">Shalem</a> ("Place of Peace", the name given by high priest <a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a>).<a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oldest_written_mention_of_Jerusalem">Oldest written mention of Jerusalem</h3></div> One of the earliest extra-biblical <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> writing of the word Jerusalem is dated to the sixth or seventh century BCE<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> and was discovered in <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Beit_Lei" title="Khirbet Beit Lei">Khirbet Beit Lei</a> near <a href="/wiki/Beit_Guvrin,_Israel" title="Beit Guvrin, Israel">Beit Guvrin</a> in 1961. The inscription states: "I am Yahweh thy God, I will accept the cities of Judah and I will redeem Jerusalem",<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> or as other scholars suggest: "Yahweh is the God of the whole earth. The mountains of Judah belong to him, to the God of Jerusalem".<a href="#cite_note-Naveh2001-72">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> An earlier example of the name appears in a papyrus from the 7th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-74">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baruch-75">[69]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg/220px-Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg/330px-Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg/440px-Khirbet_Beit_Lei_inscription_A_close_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Close up of the <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Beit_Lei_graffiti" title="Khirbet Beit Lei graffiti">Khirbet Beit Lei inscription</a>, showing the earliest extra-biblical Hebrew writing of the word Jerusalem, dated to the seventh or sixth century BCE</figcaption></figure> In extra-biblical inscriptions, the earliest known example of the -ayim ending was discovered on a column about 3 km west of ancient Jerusalem, dated to the first century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-Baruch-75">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jebus,_Zion,_City_of_David">Jebus, Zion, City of David</h3></div> An ancient settlement of Jerusalem, founded as early as the Bronze Age on the hill above the <a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a>, was, according to the Bible, named <a href="/wiki/Jebusite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebusite">Jebus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gagrinp113-78">[72]</a> Called the "Fortress of Zion" (metsudat Zion), it was renamed as the "City of David",<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> and was known by this name in antiquity.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a> Another name, "<a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a>", initially referred to a distinct part of the city, but later came to signify the city as a whole, and afterwards to represent the whole biblical <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greek,_Roman_and_Byzantine_names">Greek, Roman and Byzantine names</h3></div> In Greek and Latin, the city's name was transliterated Hierosolyma/Hierosoluma (Greek: Ἱεροσόλυμα; in Greek hieròs, ἱερός, means holy), and was the term used by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">gospels</a> instead of the Hebrew term.<a href="#cite_note-Hierosolyma-82">[76]</a> Up until the 2010's the consensus among <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">historians</a> was that following <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s conquest, Hierosoluma was set to be incorporated into the larger temple cities of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleucid kingdom">Seleucid kingdom</a>, and to be <a href="/wiki/Hellenized" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenized">Hellenized</a> as Hierapolis.<a href="#cite_note-Hierosolyma-82">[76]</a> However, modern historians dispute this as a proper Ancient Greek translation for the <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a> would be similar to Hierolophos.<a href="#cite_note-Hierosolyma-82">[76]</a> The city was renamed <a href="/wiki/Aelia_Capitolina" title="Aelia Capitolina">Aelia Capitolina</a> for part of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> period of its history.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salem">Salem</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Apocryphon of Genesis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> (1QapGen 22:13) equates Jerusalem with the earlier "Salem" (שלם), said to be the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a> in Genesis 14.<a href="#cite_note-83">[77]</a> Other early Hebrew sources,<a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> early Christian renderings of the verse<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Targumim" class="mw-redirect" title="Targumim">targumim</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> however, put Salem in Northern Israel near <a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a> (Sichem), now <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, a city of some importance in early sacred Hebrew writing.<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> Possibly the redactor of the Apocryphon of Genesis wanted to dissociate Melchizedek from the area of Shechem, which at the time was in possession of the <a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> However that may be, later Rabbinic sources also equate Salem with Jerusalem, mainly to link Melchizedek to later Temple traditions.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arabic_names">Arabic names</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Al-Quds" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Al-Quds (disambiguation)">Al-Quds (disambiguation)</a>.</div> Originally titled Bayt al-Maqdis, today, Jerusalem is most commonly known in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> as القُدس, transliterated as al-Quds and meaning "the holy" or "the holy sanctuary",<a href="#cite_note-Bosworth-53">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-DeGarmo-54">[48]</a> cognate with <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: הקדש, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: ha-qodesh. The name is possibly a shortened form of مدينة القُدس Madīnat al-Quds "city of the holy sanctuary" after the Hebrew nickname with the same meaning, Ir ha-Qodesh (עיר הקדש). The ق (Q) is pronounced either with a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">voiceless uvular plosive</a> (/q/), as in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Arabic" title="Classical Arabic">Classical Arabic</a>, or with a <a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a> (ʔ) as in <a href="/wiki/Levantine_Arabic" title="Levantine Arabic">Levantine Arabic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Elihay2011-8">[7]</a> Official Israeli government policy mandates that أُورُشَلِيمَ, transliterated as Ūrušalīm, which is the name frequently used in Christian translations of the Bible into Arabic,<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a> be used as the Arabic language name for the city in conjunction with القُدس, giving أُورُشَلِيمَ-القُدس, Ūrušalīm-al-Quds.<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> Palestinian Arab families who hail from this city are often called "Qudsi" (قُدسي) or "Maqdasi" (مقدسي), while Palestinian Muslim Jerusalemites may use these terms as a <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Jerusalem" title="History of Jerusalem">History of Jerusalem</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">Timeline of Jerusalem</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Jerusalem" title="Cartography of Jerusalem">Historical maps of Jerusalem</a></div> Jerusalem is one of the world's oldest cities, with a history spanning over 5,000 years. Its origins trace back to around 3000 BCE, with the first settlement near the <a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a>. The city is first mentioned in Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Execration_texts" title="Execration texts">Execration texts</a> around 2000 BCE as "Rusalimum." By the 17th century BCE, Jerusalem had developed into a fortified city under <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> rule, with massive walls protecting its water system. During the <a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Bronze Age">Late Bronze Age</a>, Jerusalem became a vassal of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, as documented in the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letters" title="Amarna letters">Amarna letters</a>. The city's importance grew during the Israelite period, which began around 1000 BCE when <a href="/wiki/King_David" class="mw-redirect" title="King David">King David</a> captured Jerusalem and made it the capital of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom of Israel">United Kingdom of Israel</a>. David's son, <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>, built the <a href="/wiki/First_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="First Temple">First Temple</a>, establishing the city as a major religious center. Following the kingdom's split, Jerusalem became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> until it was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> in 586 BCE. The <a href="/wiki/Babylonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonians">Babylonians</a> destroyed the First Temple, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian exile">Babylonian exile</a> of the Jewish population. After the Persian conquest of Babylon in 539 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a> allowed the Jews to return and rebuild the city and its temple, marking the start of the Second Temple period. Jerusalem fell under <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> rule after the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 332 BCE, leading to increasing cultural and political influence from <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Hasmonean</a> revolt in 164 BCE briefly restored Jewish autonomy, with Jerusalem as the capital of an independent state. In 63 BCE, Jerusalem was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> and became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. The city remained under Roman control until the <a href="/wiki/Jewish-Roman_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Roman Wars">Jewish-Roman Wars</a>, which culminated in the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> in 70 CE. The city was renamed Aelia Capitolina and rebuilt as a Roman colony after the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba revolt</a> (132–136 CE), with Jews banned from entering the city. Jerusalem gained significance during the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> as a center of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, particularly after <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a> endorsed the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a>. In 638 CE, Jerusalem was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun Caliphate</a>, and under early <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> rule, the <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> were built, solidifying its religious importance in Islam. During the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, Jerusalem changed hands multiple times, being captured by the Crusaders in 1099 and recaptured by <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> in 1187. It remained under <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> control through the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> periods, until it became part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1517. In the modern period, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. Israel captured <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, uniting the city under Israeli control. The <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">status of Jerusalem</a> remains a highly contentious issue, with both Israelis and Palestinians claiming it as their capital. Historiographically, the city's history is often interpreted through the lens of competing national narratives. <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israeli</a> scholars emphasize the ancient Jewish connection to the city, while <a href="/wiki/Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian">Palestinian</a> narratives highlight the city's broader historical and multicultural significance. Both perspectives influence contemporary discussions of Jerusalem's status and future. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_status">Political status</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">Positions on Jerusalem</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg/145px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg/218px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg/290px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5729_-_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>An Israeli stamp from 1968, quoting <a href="/wiki/Psalm_122" title="Psalm 122">Psalm 122</a>:6; Pray for the peace of Jerusalem...</figcaption></figure> From 1923 until 1948, Jerusalem served as the administrative capital of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> From 1949 until 1967, West Jerusalem served as Israel's capital, but was not recognized as such internationally because <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly Resolution 194</a> envisaged Jerusalem as an <a href="/wiki/International_city" title="International city">international city</a>. As a result of the Six-Day War in 1967, the whole of Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunification of Jerusalem">came under Israeli control</a>. On 27 June 1967, the government of <a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Levi Eshkol</a> extended Israeli law and jurisdiction to East Jerusalem, but agreed that administration of the Temple Mount compound would be maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Jordanian waqf</a>, under the Jordanian Ministry of Religious Endowments.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> In 1988, Israel ordered the closure of <a href="/wiki/Orient_House" title="Orient House">Orient House</a>, home of the Arab Studies Society, but also the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a>, for security reasons. The building reopened in 1992 as a Palestinian guesthouse.<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> stated that the final status of Jerusalem would be determined by negotiations with the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. The accords banned any official Palestinian presence in the city until a final peace agreement, but provided for the opening of a Palestinian trade office in East Jerusalem. The Palestinian Authority regards East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-umd-98">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> has said that any agreement that did not include East Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine would be unacceptable.<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has similarly stated that Jerusalem would remain the undivided capital of Israel. Due to its proximity to the city, especially the Temple Mount, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a>, a Palestinian suburb of Jerusalem, has been proposed as the future capital of a Palestinian state by Israel. Israel has not incorporated Abu Dis within its security wall around Jerusalem. The Palestinian Authority has built a possible future parliament building for the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> in the town, and its Jerusalem Affairs Offices are all located in Abu Dis.<a href="#cite_note-101">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_status">International status</h3></div> While the international community regards East Jerusalem, including the entire Old City, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territories" title="Occupied Palestinian territories">occupied Palestinian territories</a>, neither part, West or East Jerusalem, is recognized as part of the territory of Israel or the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[99]</a> Under the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine</a> adopted by the <a href="/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="General Assembly of the United Nations">General Assembly of the United Nations</a> in 1947, Jerusalem was envisaged to become a <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Jerusalem)" title="Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)">corpus separatum</a> administered by the United Nations. In the war of 1948, the western part of the city was occupied by forces of the nascent state of Israel, while the eastern part was occupied by Jordan. The international community largely considers the legal status of Jerusalem to derive from the partition plan, and correspondingly refuses to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the city.<a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_under_Israeli_rule">Status under Israeli rule</h3></div> Following the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel extended its jurisdiction and administration over East Jerusalem, establishing new municipal borders. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg/220px-KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg/330px-KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg/440px-KnessetBuildingNov152022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1514" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> of Israel</figcaption></figure> In 2010, Israel approved legislation giving Jerusalem the highest national priority status in Israel. The law prioritized construction throughout the city, and offered grants and tax benefits to residents to make housing, infrastructure, education, employment, business, tourism, and cultural events more affordable. Communications Minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Moshe Kahlon</a> said that the bill sent "a clear, unequivocal political message that Jerusalem will not be divided", and that "all those within the Palestinian and international community who expect the current Israeli government to accept any demands regarding Israel's sovereignty over its capital are mistaken and misleading".<a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> The status of the city, and especially its holy places, remains a core issue in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The Israeli government has approved building plans in the Muslim Quarter of the Old City<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a> in order to expand the Jewish presence in East Jerusalem, while some Islamic leaders have made claims that Jews have no historical connection to Jerusalem, alleging that the 2,500-year-old Western Wall was constructed as part of a mosque.<a href="#cite_note-109">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[104]</a> Palestinians regard Jerusalem as the capital of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PalestinianPosition-111">[105]</a> and the city's borders have been the subject of bilateral talks. A team of experts assembled by the then Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> in 2000 concluded that the city must be divided, since Israel had failed to achieve any of its national aims there.<a href="#cite_note-Amirav01a-112">[106]</a> However, Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> said in 2014 that "Jerusalem will never be divided".<a href="#cite_note-113">[107]</a> A poll conducted in June 2013 found that 74% of Israeli Jews reject the idea of a Palestinian capital in any portion of Jerusalem, though 72% of the public regarded it as a divided city.<a href="#cite_note-114">[108]</a> A poll conducted by Palestinian Centre for Public Opinion and American Pechter Middle East Polls for the Council on Foreign Relations, among East Jerusalem Arab residents in 2011 revealed that 39% of East Jerusalem Arab residents would prefer Israeli citizenship contrary to 31% who opted for Palestinian citizenship. According to the poll, 40% of Palestinian residents would prefer to leave their neighbourhoods if they would be placed under Palestinian rule.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg/220px-Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg/330px-Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg/440px-Israel_Supreme_Court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4217" data-file-height="2767" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel">Jerusalem as capital of Israel</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hutz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hutz.JPG/220px-Hutz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hutz.JPG/330px-Hutz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Hutz.JPG/440px-Hutz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Ministry_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Ministry of Israel">The Israeli Foreign Ministry</a> building</figcaption></figure> On 5 December 1949, Israel's first Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, proclaimed Jerusalem as Israel's "eternal" and "sacred" capital, and eight days later specified that only the war had "compelled" the Israeli leadership "to establish the seat of Government in Tel Aviv", while "for the State of Israel there has always been and always will be one capital only – Jerusalem the Eternal", and that after the war, efforts had been ongoing for creating the conditions for "the Knesset... returning to Jerusalem."<a href="#cite_note-BGurion-116">[110]</a> This indeed took place, and since the beginning of 1950 all branches of the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel" title="Politics of Israel">Israeli government</a>—<a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel#Legislative_branch" title="Politics of Israel">legislative</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel#Judicial_system" title="Politics of Israel">judicial</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Israel#Prime_Ministers_and_governments_in_the_last_ten_years" title="Politics of Israel">executive</a>—have resided there, except for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense</a>, which is located at <a href="/wiki/HaKirya" title="HaKirya">HaKirya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-JTA-118">[112]</a> At the time of Ben Gurion's proclamations and the ensuing Knesset vote of 24 January 1950,<a href="#cite_note-JTA-118">[112]</a> Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, and thus the proclamation only applied to West Jerusalem. In July 1980, Israel passed the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a> as <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic Law</a>. The law declared Jerusalem the "complete and united" capital of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-basiclaw-119">[113]</a> The Jerusalem Law was condemned by the international community, which did not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. The United Nations Security Council passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">Resolution 478</a> on 20 August 1980, which declared that the Jerusalem Law is "a violation of international law", is "null and void and must be rescinded forthwith". Member states were called upon to withdraw their diplomatic representation from Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> Following the resolution, 22 of the 24 countries that previously had their embassy in (West) Jerusalem relocated them in Tel Aviv, where many embassies already resided prior to Resolution 478. <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> followed in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a> There are five embassies—United States, Guatemala, Honduras, Papua-New Guinea and Kosovo —and two consulates located within the city limits of Jerusalem, and two <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin American</a> states maintain embassies in the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a> <a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>).<a href="#cite_note-embassies-122">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[119]</a> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_Consulates-General_in_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Consulates-General in Jerusalem">a number of consulates-general</a> located in Jerusalem, which work primarily either with Israel, or the Palestinian authorities. In 1995, the United States Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Embassy_Act" title="Jerusalem Embassy Act">Jerusalem Embassy Act</a>, which required, subject to conditions, that its embassy be moved from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> On 6 December 2017 <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> officially <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem</a> as Israel's capital and announced his intention to move the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Tel_Aviv" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of the United States, Tel Aviv">American embassy</a> to Jerusalem, reversing decades of United States policy on the issue.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> The move was criticized by many nations.<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> A resolution condemning the US decision was supported by all the 14 other members of the UN Security Council, but was vetoed by the US on 18 December 2017.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> A subsequent resolution condemning the US decision was passed in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a> On 14 May 2018, the United States officially opened its <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Jerusalem" title="Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem">embassy in Jerusalem</a>, transforming its Tel Aviv location into a consulate. Due to the general lack of international recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital, some non-Israeli media outlets use Tel Aviv as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for Israel.<a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> In April 2017, the Russian Foreign Ministry announced it viewed Western Jerusalem as Israel's capital in the context of UN-approved principles which include the status of East Jerusalem as the capital of the future Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> On 15 December 2018, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> officially recognized West Jerusalem as Israel's capital, but said their embassy in Tel Aviv would stay until a two-state resolution was settled.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> The decision was reversed in October 2022.<a href="#cite_note-aureverse-143">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_precinct_and_national_institutions">Government precinct and national institutions</h4></div> The <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaLeom" title="Kiryat HaLeom">Kiryat HaLeom</a> (national precinct) project is intended to house most government agencies and national cultural institutions. They are located in the <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaMemshala" title="Kiryat HaMemshala">Kiryat HaMemshala</a> (government complex) in the <a href="/wiki/Givat_Ram" title="Givat Ram">Givat Ram</a> neighbourhood. Some government buildings are located in <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Menachem_Begin" title="Kiryat Menachem Begin">Kiryat Menachem Begin</a>. The city is home to the Knesset,<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court</a>,<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Israel" title="Bank of Israel">Bank of Israel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Headquarters_of_the_Israel_Police" title="National Headquarters of the Israel Police">National Headquarters of the Israel Police</a>, the official residences of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Prime Minister</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Cabinet</a>, and all ministries except for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Defense (Israel)">Ministry of Defense</a> (which is located in central Tel Aviv's <a href="/wiki/HaKirya" title="HaKirya">HaKirya</a> district) and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Israel)">Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development</a> (which is located in <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a>, in the wider Tel Aviv <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Beit_Dagan" title="Beit Dagan">Beit Dagan</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israeli_settlements">Israeli settlements</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a> or <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AJerusalem&preload=Template%3ASubmit+an+edit+request%2Fpreload&action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template%3AEdit+extended-protected%2Feditintro&preloadtitle=Extended-confirmed-protected+edit+request+on+26+November+2024&preloadparams%5B%5D=edit+extended-protected&preloadparams%5B%5D=Jerusalem">making an edit request</a>. (April 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Since its capture in 1967, the Israeli government has built 12 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlements">Israeli settlements</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, with a population amounting to 220,000 Israeli Jewish settlers as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a> The international community consider Israeli settlements to be illegal under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Palestine">Jerusalem as capital of Palestine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem#Jerusalem_as_capital" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem § Jerusalem as capital</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orient_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Orient_House.jpg/220px-Orient_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Orient_House.jpg/330px-Orient_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Orient_House.jpg/440px-Orient_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>The Orient House, Jerusalem the former headquarters of the PLO</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg/220px-French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg/330px-French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg/440px-French_Consulate_in_Jerusalem_at_night_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_France,_Jerusalem" title="Consulate General of France, Jerusalem">Consulate General of France, Jerusalem</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> views East Jerusalem as <a href="/wiki/Occupied_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territory">occupied territory</a> according to <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">United Nations Security Council Resolution 242</a>. The Palestinian Authority claims Jerusalem, including the <a href="/wiki/Haram_al-Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Haram al-Sharif">Haram al-Sharif</a>, as the capital of the State of Palestine,<a href="#cite_note-PalestinianPosition-111">[105]</a> The PLO claims that West Jerusalem is also subject to permanent status negotiations. However, it has stated that it would be willing to consider alternative solutions, such as making Jerusalem an <a href="/wiki/Open_city" title="Open city">open city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PLO-NAD-148">[142]</a> The PLO's position is that East Jerusalem, as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">pre-1967 municipal boundaries</a>, shall be the capital of Palestine and <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> the capital of Israel, with each state enjoying full sovereignty over its respective part of the city and with its own municipality. A joint development council would be responsible for coordinated development.<a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Orient_House" title="Orient House">Orient House</a> in East Jerusalem served as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a> in the 1980s and 1990s. It was closed by Israel in 2001, two days after the <a href="/wiki/Sbarro_restaurant_suicide_bombing" title="Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing">Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing</a>. Some states, such as <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[144]</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> recognize the Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_58/292" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 58/292">United Nations General Assembly Resolution 58/292</a> affirmed that the Palestinian people have the right to sovereignty over East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palestinian_offices_and_institutions">Palestinian offices and institutions</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine#Consulates" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">List of diplomatic missions in Palestine § Consulates</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/220px-89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/330px-89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg/440px-89480_jerusalem_villa_constantine_salama_PikiWiki_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Villa_Salameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Salameh">Villa Salameh</a> — the home of Belgian Consulate to Palestine</figcaption></figure> Government offices are located outside the Israeli municipal limits include the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Security_Services" title="Palestinian Security Services">Palestinian Security Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Force_17" title="Force 17">Force 17</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Preventative_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventative Security Service">Preventative Security Service</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Interior (State of Palestine)">Ministry of Interior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> There is a Palestinian Authority regional office and an electoral office located in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Dahiyat al Barid</a> neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-156">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Municipal_administration">Municipal administration</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of Jerusalem">Municipality of Jerusalem</a></div> The Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">City Council</a> is a body of 31 elected members headed by the mayor, who serves a five-year term and appoints eight deputies. The former mayor of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Uri_Lupolianski" title="Uri Lupolianski">Uri Lupolianski</a>, was elected in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-corridors-157">[151]</a> In the November 2008 city elections, <a href="/wiki/Nir_Barkat" title="Nir Barkat">Nir Barkat</a> was elected. In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Lion" title="Moshe Lion">Moshe Lion</a> was elected mayor.<a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a> Apart from the mayor and his deputies, City Council members receive no salaries and work on a voluntary basis. The longest-serving Jerusalem mayor was <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Kollek" title="Teddy Kollek">Teddy Kollek</a>, who spent 28 years—six consecutive terms—in office. Most of the meetings of the Jerusalem City Council are private, but each month, it holds a session that is open to the public.<a href="#cite_note-corridors-157">[151]</a> Within the city council, religious political parties form an especially powerful faction, accounting for the majority of its seats.<a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> The headquarters of the Jerusalem Municipality and the mayor's office are at <a href="/wiki/Safra_Square" title="Safra Square">Safra Square</a> (Kikar Safra) on <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a>. The municipal complex, comprising two modern buildings and ten renovated historic buildings surrounding a large plaza, opened in 1993 when it moved from the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Old_Town_Hall" title="Jerusalem Old Town Hall">old town hall</a> building built by the <a href="/wiki/Mandate_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandate Palestine">Mandate authorities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> The city falls under the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a>, with Jerusalem as the district's capital. 37% of the population is Palestinian, but in 2014 not more than 10% of tax revenues were allocated for them. In East Jerusalem, 52% of the land was excluded from development, 35% designated for Jewish settlements, and 13% for Palestinian use, almost all of which was already built upon.<a href="#cite_note-Thrall-161">[155]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Oslo_I_Accord" title="Oslo I Accord">Oslo I Accord</a>, certain parts of few neighborhoods were allotted to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. Parts of <a href="/wiki/Sur_Baher" title="Sur Baher">Sur Baher</a>, Wadi al-Hummus, <a href="/wiki/Umm_Leisun_inscription" title="Umm Leisun inscription">Umm Leisun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umm_Tuba" title="Umm Tuba">Umm Tuba</a>, altogether came under <a href="/wiki/Area_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Area A">Area A</a>, which is completely controlled by the Palestinian Authority.<a href="#cite_note-162">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Al-Ram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Dahiyat al-Barid</a> are mostly in <a href="/wiki/Area_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Area B">Area B</a>, where both Palestine and Israel has control.<a href="#cite_note-163">[157]</a> Other parts of <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Aqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafr Aqab">Kafr Aqab</a> and <a href="/wiki/%27Arab_al-Jahalin" title="'Arab al-Jahalin">Arab al-Jahalin</a> also falls under Area B.<a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-ARIJ-165">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panorama of the Temple Mount (Haram al-Sharif or Al-Aqsa compound), including Al-Aqsa Mosque, and Dome of the Rock, from the Mount of Olives"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg/1000px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg/1500px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg/2000px-Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14002" data-file-height="1894" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panor%C3%A1mica_de_Jerusal%C3%A9n_desde_el_Monte_de_los_Olivos.jpg" title="File:Panorámica de Jerusalén desde el Monte de los Olivos.jpg"> </a></div>A panorama of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> (Haram al-Sharif or Al-Aqsa compound), including <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a></div></div></div> Jerusalem is situated on the southern spur of a <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Judaean_Mountains" title="Judaean Mountains">Judaean Mountains</a>, which include the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a> (East) and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Scopus" title="Mount Scopus">Mount Scopus</a> (North East). The elevation of the Old City is approximately 760 m (2,490 ft).<a href="#cite_note-167">[161]</a> The whole of Jerusalem is surrounded by valleys and dry <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">riverbeds</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">wadis</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Hinnom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tyropoeon_Valley" title="Tyropoeon Valley">Tyropoeon</a> Valleys intersect in an area just south of the Old City of Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-bergsohn-168">[162]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron Valley</a> runs to the east of the Old City and separates the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a> from the city proper. Along the southern side of old Jerusalem is the <a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Valley of Hinnom</a>, a steep ravine associated in biblical <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatology</a> with the concept of <a href="/wiki/Gehenna" title="Gehenna">Gehenna</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tyropoeon_Valley" title="Tyropoeon Valley">Tyropoeon Valley</a> commenced in the northwest near the <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus Gate</a>, ran south-southeasterly through the centre of the Old City down to the <a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Siloam" title="Pool of Siloam">Pool of Siloam</a>, and divided the lower part into two hills, the Temple Mount to the east, and the rest of the city to the west, the lower and the upper cities described by <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>. Today, this valley is hidden by debris that has accumulated over the centuries.<a href="#cite_note-bergsohn-168">[162]</a> In biblical times, Jerusalem was surrounded by forests of almond, olive and pine trees. Over centuries of warfare and neglect, these forests were destroyed. Farmers in the Jerusalem region built stone terraces along the slopes to hold back the soil, a feature still very much in evidence in the Jerusalem landscape.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Water supply has always been a major problem in Jerusalem, as attested to by the intricate network of ancient <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(watercourse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqueduct (watercourse)">aqueducts</a>, tunnels, pools and cisterns found in the city.<a href="#cite_note-170">[164]</a> Jerusalem is 60 km (37 mi)<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> east of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. On the opposite side of the city, approximately 35 km (22 mi)<a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a> away, is the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Extremes_on_Earth" title="Extremes on Earth">lowest body of water</a> on Earth. Neighbouring cities and towns include <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a> to the south, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Adumim" title="Ma'ale Adumim">Ma'ale Adumim</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a> to the west, and Ramallah and <a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Ze%27ev" title="Giv'at Ze'ev">Giv'at Ze'ev</a> to the north.<a href="#cite_note-173">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-map-174">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Herzl" title="Mount Herzl">Mount Herzl</a>, at the western side of the city near the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Forest" title="Jerusalem Forest">Jerusalem Forest</a>, serves as the national cemetery of Israel. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem,_Israel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Astronauts' view of Jerusalem"><img alt="Astronauts' view of Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem%2C_Israel.JPG/199px-Jerusalem%2C_Israel.JPG" decoding="async" width="199" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem%2C_Israel.JPG/298px-Jerusalem%2C_Israel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Jerusalem%2C_Israel.JPG/397px-Jerusalem%2C_Israel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="435" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Astronauts' view of Jerusalem</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 165px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunset aerial photograph of the Mount of Olives"><img alt="Sunset aerial photograph of the Mount of Olives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg/200px-2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg/300px-2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg/400px-2013-Aerial-Mount_of_Olives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="2767" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunset aerial photograph of the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg/220px-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg/330px-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg/440px-%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Snow visible on roofs in the Old City of Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> The city is characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: Csa), with hot, dry summers, and mild, wet winters. Snow flurries usually occur once or twice a winter, although the city experiences heavy <a href="/wiki/Snowfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowfall">snowfall</a> every three to four years, on average, with short-lived accumulation. January is the coldest month of the year, with an average temperature of 9.1 °C (48.4 °F); July and August are the hottest months, with an average temperature of 24.2 °C (75.6 °F), and the summer months are usually rainless. The average annual precipitation is around 537 mm (21 in), with rain occurring almost entirely between October and May.<a href="#cite_note-weather-176">[170]</a> Snowfall is rare, and large snowfalls are even more rare.<a href="#cite_note-snow2013-1-177">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-snow2013-2-178">[172]</a> Jerusalem received over 30 cm (12 in) of snow on 13 December 2013, which nearly paralyzed the city.<a href="#cite_note-snow2013-1-177">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-snow2013-2-178">[172]</a> A day in Jerusalem has on average, 9.3 sunshine hours. With summers averaging similar temperatures as the coastline, the maritime influence from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> is strong, in particular given that Jerusalem is located on a similar latitude as scorching hot deserts not far to its east. The highest recorded temperature in Jerusalem was 44.4 °C (111.9 °F) on 28 and 30 August 1881, and the lowest temperature recorded was −6.7 °C (19.9 °F) on 25 January 1907. Most of the air pollution in Jerusalem comes from vehicular traffic.<a href="#cite_note-friction-179">[173]</a> Many main streets in Jerusalem were not built to accommodate such a large volume of traffic, leading to traffic congestion and more <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> released into the air. Industrial pollution inside the city is sparse, but emissions from factories on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_coastal_plain" title="Israeli coastal plain">Israeli Mediterranean coast</a> can travel eastward and settle over the city.<a href="#cite_note-friction-179">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[174]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Jerusalem (1991–2020 normals) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7 (90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6 (101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4 (101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4 (111.9) </td> <td style="background: #EE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.7 (108.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5 (97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.4 (111.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2 (79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9 (84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9 (78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 (67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.6 (72.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3 (77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.3 (65.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 (44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 (49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 (54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1 (57.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.5 (27.5) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3 (31.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 (33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 (51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 (49.6) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4 (31.3) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.8 (5.39) </td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.9 (4.64) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2 (2.65) </td> <td style="background: #DDFFDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (0.86) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (0.28) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (0.03) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (0.41) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1 (2.01) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.3 (4.42) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">525.5 (20.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) </th> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.6 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">226.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266.6 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">331.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">381.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">384.4 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">365.8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">309.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">228.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.2 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,397.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Israel_Meteorological_Service" title="Israel Meteorological Service">Israel Meteorological Service</a> (records until 1990)<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA (normal values & records, 1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> (sun, 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-184">[178]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographic_history">Demographic history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem" title="Demographic history of Jerusalem">Demographic history of Jerusalem</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png/361px-Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png" decoding="async" width="361" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png/542px-Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png/722px-Demographic_history_of_Jerusalem_by_religion.png 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption>Demographic history of Jerusalem by religion based on available data</figcaption></figure> Jerusalem's population size and composition has shifted many times over its 5,000-year history. Since the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> of Jerusalem has been divided into <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian quarters</a>. Matthew Teller writes that this convention may have originated in the <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">1841 British Royal Engineers map of Jerusalem</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Teller-16">[13]</a> or at least Reverend <a href="/wiki/George_Williams_(priest)" title="George Williams (priest)">George Williams</a>' subsequent labelling of it.<a href="#cite_note-Teller2-185">[179]</a> Most population data before 1905 is based on estimates, often from foreign travellers or organisations, since previous census data usually covered wider areas such as the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> These estimates suggest that since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, Muslims formed the largest group in Jerusalem until the mid-nineteenth century. Between 1838 and 1876, a number of estimates exist which conflict as to whether Jews or Muslims were the largest group during this period, and between 1882 and 1922 estimates conflict as to exactly when Jews became an absolute majority of the population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_demographics">Current demographics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Jerusalem_by_quarter" title="Demographics of Jerusalem by quarter">Demographics of Jerusalem by quarter</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Jerusalem_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2811" data-file-height="2167" /></a><figcaption>Jerusalem population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245584064">@media screen{html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.4em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) 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th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.6em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.5em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable sort-under floatright" style="width:450px"> <caption>Approximate 2021 population for East/West Jerusalem (UN-recognized 1967 border) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="line-height:100%">West or East (1967 borders) </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Total </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Jews and others </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Jews and others % </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Approx. # of Ultra- Orthodox </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Ultra- Orthodox as % of "Jews and Others" </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Arabs/ Pale- stinians </th> <th style="line-height:100%">Pale- stinian % </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">East Jerusalem</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">611,370</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">240,831</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">39.4%</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">111,121</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">46.1%</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">370,532</td> <td style="background:#fbd4d4;">60.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:aliceblue;">West Jerusalem</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">354,840</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">349,734</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">98.6%</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">166,688</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">47.7%</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">5,088</td> <td style="background:aliceblue;">1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">Total Jerusalem</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">966,210</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">590,565</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">61%</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">277,809</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">29%</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">375,620</td> <td style="background:#e6e6f6">39% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background:white;text-align:left;line-height:100%">Some sub-quarters straddle the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> and in those cases the sub-quarter is assigned to the sector (East or West) into which most of the area falls. Source: Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a> Totals do not sum exactly due to the presentation of some ethnoreligious groups as percentages of totals. </td></tr></tbody></table> In December 2007, Jerusalem had a population of 747,600—63.7% were Jewish, 33.1% Muslim, and 2% Christian.<a href="#cite_note-CBS2008-188">[182]</a> According to a study published in 2000, the percentage of Jews in the city's population had been decreasing; this was attributed to a higher Muslim <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a>, and Jewish residents leaving. The study also found that about nine percent of the Old City's 32,488 people were Jews.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> Of the Jewish population, 200,000 live in East Jerusalem settlements which are considered illegal under international law.<a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> In 2005, 2,850 new immigrants settled in Jerusalem, mostly from the United States, France and the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. In terms of the local population, the number of outgoing residents exceeds the number of incoming residents. In 2005, 16,000 left Jerusalem and only 10,000 moved in.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> Nevertheless, the population of Jerusalem continues to rise due to the high birth rate, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> communities. Consequently, the <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> in Jerusalem (4.02) is higher than in Tel Aviv (1.98) and well above the national average of 2.90. The average size of Jerusalem's 180,000 households is 3.8 people.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> In 2005, the total population grew by 13,000 (1.8%)—similar to the Israeli national average, but the religious and ethnic composition is shifting. While 31% of the Jewish population is made up of children below the age fifteen, the figure for the Arab population is 42%.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> In 1967, Jews accounted for 74 percent of the population, while the figure for 2006 is down nine percent.<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> Possible factors are the high cost of housing, fewer job opportunities and the increasingly religious character of the city, although proportionally, young <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredim</a> are leaving in higher numbers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The percentage of secular Jews, or those who 'wear their faith lightly' is dropping, with some 20,000 leaving the city over the past seven years (2012). They now number 31% of the population, the same percentage as the rising Haredi population. In 2010, 61% of all Jewish children in Jerusalem studied in Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox) schools. This correlates with the high number of children in Haredi families.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> While some secular Jews leave Jerusalem for its relative lack of development and religious and political tensions, Jerusalem-born Palestinians cannot leave Jerusalem, or they lose their right to live in the city. Palestinians with a "Jerusalem resident status" are entitled to the subsidized healthcare and social security benefits Israel provides to its citizens, and have the right to vote in municipal elections, but not to be voted in municipal elections, or to vote in national elections. Arabs in Jerusalem can send their children to Israeli-run schools, although not every neighbourhood has one, and universities. Israeli doctors and highly regarded hospitals such as <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Medical_Center" title="Hadassah Medical Center">Hadassah Medical Centre</a> are available to residents.<a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> Demographics and the Jewish-Arab population divide play a major role in the dispute over Jerusalem. In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Development_Authority" title="Jerusalem Development Authority">Jerusalem Development Authority</a> expanded city limits to the west to include more areas heavily populated with Jews.<a href="#cite_note-laub2006-19">[16]</a> Within the past few years, there has been a steady increase in the Jewish birthrate and a steady decrease in the Arab birthrate. In May 2012, it was reported that the Jewish birthrate had overtaken the Arab birthrate. The city's birthrate stands about 4.2 children per Jewish family and 3.9 children per Arab family.<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> In addition, increasing numbers of Jewish immigrants chose to settle in Jerusalem. In the last few years, thousands of Palestinians have moved to previously fully Jewish neighbourhoods of East Jerusalem, built after the 1967 Six-Day War. In 2007, 1,300 Palestinians lived in the previously exclusively Jewish neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Pisgat_Ze%27ev" title="Pisgat Ze'ev">Pisgat Ze'ev</a> and constituted three percent of the population in <a href="/wiki/Neve_Ya%27akov" class="mw-redirect" title="Neve Ya'akov">Neve Ya'akov</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/French_Hill_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Hill (neighborhood)">French Hill</a> neighbourhood, Palestinians today constitute one-sixth of the overall population.<a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_vista.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jerusalem_vista.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_vista.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jerusalem_vista.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_vista.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Jerusalem_vista.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_vista.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a>, a predominantly Arab neighbourhood on the road to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Scopus" title="Mount Scopus">Mount Scopus</a></figcaption></figure>At the end of 2008, the population of East Jerusalem was 456,300, comprising 60% of Jerusalem's residents. Of these, 195,500 (43%) were Jews, (comprising 40% of the Jewish population of Jerusalem as a whole), and 260,800 (57%) were Muslim (comprising 98% of the Muslim population of Jerusalem).<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> reported the number of Palestinians living in East Jerusalem was 208,000 according to a recently completed census.<a href="#cite_note-grow-199">[193]</a> Jerusalem's Jewish population is overwhelmingly religious. Only 18% of Jewish residents are secular. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Jews</a> comprise 35% of the city's adult Jewish population. In a phenomenon seen rarely around the world, the percentage of Jewish women who work, 81%, exceeds the percentage of Jewish men who work, 70%.<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> Jerusalem had a population of 804,400 in 2011, of which Jews comprised 499,400 (62.1%), Muslims 281,100 (34.9%), Christians 14,700 (1.8%), and 9,000 (1.1%) were not classified by religion.<a href="#cite_note-PopRel-21">[17]</a> Jerusalem had a population of 882,700 in 2016, of which Jews comprised 536,600 (60.8%), Muslims 319,800 (36.2%), Christians 15,800 (1.8%), and 10,300 unclassified (1.2%).<a href="#cite_note-PopRel-21">[17]</a> Jerusalem had a population of 951,100 in 2020, of which <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> comprised 570,100 (59.9%), <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> 353.800 (37.2%), <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> 16.300 (1.7%), and 10,800 unclassified (1.1%).<a href="#cite_note-PopRel-21">[17]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Peace_Now" title="Peace Now">Peace Now</a>, approvals for building in Israeli settlements in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> have expanded by 60% under Donald Trump's term as U.S. president.<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> Since 1991, Palestinians, who make up the majority of the residents in East Jerusalem, have only received 30% of the building permits.<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian,_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/220px-Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian%2C_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/330px-Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian%2C_Jerusalem.jpg/440px-Armenian_Patriarchate_Road_sign_in_Armenian%2C_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="1875" /></a><figcaption>Sign in <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_planning_issues">Urban planning issues</h3></div> Critics of efforts to promote a Jewish majority in Jerusalem say that government planning policies are motivated by demographic considerations and seek to limit Arab construction while promoting Jewish construction.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> report, the number of recorded building violations between 1996 and 2000 was four and half times higher in Jewish neighbourhoods but four times fewer demolition orders were issued in West Jerusalem than in East Jerusalem; Arabs in Jerusalem were less likely to receive construction permits than Jews, and "the authorities are much more likely to take action against Palestinian violators" than Jewish violators of the permit process.<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-204">[198]</a> In recent years, private Jewish foundations have received permission from the government to develop projects on disputed lands, such as the <a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(archaeological_site)" title="City of David (archaeological site)">City of David archaeological site</a> in the 60% Arab neighbourhood of <a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan">Silwan</a> (adjacent to the Old City),<a href="#cite_note-205">[199]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Tolerance_Jerusalem" title="Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem">Museum of Tolerance</a> on Mamilla Cemetery (adjacent to Zion Square).<a href="#cite_note-worldbank-204">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_significance">Religious significance</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">Religious significance of Jerusalem</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG/220px-THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG/330px-THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG/440px-THE_OLD_CITY_JERUSALEM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a> is home to many sites of seminal <a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">religious importance</a> for the three major <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>—<a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>.</figcaption></figure> Jerusalem has been sacred to Judaism for roughly 3000 years, to Christianity for around 2000 years, and to Islam for approximately 1400 years. The 2000 Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem lists 1204 synagogues, 158 churches, and 73 mosques within the city.<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> Despite efforts to maintain peaceful religious coexistence, some sites, such as the Temple Mount, have been a continuous source of friction and controversy. The <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> is the holiest spot in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and the third holiest site in Islam. Jews venerate it as the site of the two former <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> believe that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a> was transported from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Great Mosque of Mecca</a> to this location during the <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Jerusalem in Judaism</a></div> Jerusalem has been the <a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Cities" title="Four Holy Cities">holiest city</a> in Judaism and the ancestral and spiritual homeland of the Jewish people since King David proclaimed it his capital in the 10th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-bible-david-23">[note 5]</a><a href="#cite_note-1000BCE-26">[21]</a> Without counting its other names, Jerusalem appears in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> 669 times.<a href="#cite_note-208">[202]</a> The first section, the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> (Pentateuch), only mentions <a href="/wiki/Moriah" title="Moriah">Moriah</a>, but in later parts of the Bible, the city is mentioned explicitly.<a href="#cite_note-209">[203]</a> The Temple Mount, which was the site of Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple, is the holiest site in Judaism and the place Jews turn towards during prayer.<a href="#cite_note-210">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a> The Western Wall, a remnant of the wall surrounding the Second Temple, is the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray.<a href="#cite_note-212">[206]</a> Synagogues around the world are traditionally built with the Holy Ark facing Jerusalem,<a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> and Arks within Jerusalem face the <a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-returning-214">[208]</a> As prescribed in the <a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishna</a> and codified in the <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a>, daily prayers are recited while facing towards Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. Many Jews have "<a href="/wiki/Mizrah" title="Mizrah">Mizrach</a>" plaques hung on a wall of their homes to indicate the direction of prayer.<a href="#cite_note-returning-214">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[209]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> is a remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> and the holiest place where Jews are permitted to pray. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem in Christianity</a></div> Jerusalem is generally considered the cradle of Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-216">[210]</a> Christianity reveres Jerusalem for its <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> history, and also for its significance in the life of Jesus. According to the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, Jesus was brought to Jerusalem soon after his birth<a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> and later in his life cleansed the Second Temple.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cenacle" title="Cenacle">Cenacle</a>, believed to be the site of Jesus' <a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>, is located on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a> in the same building that houses the <a href="/wiki/David%27s_Tomb" title="David's Tomb">Tomb of King David</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[214]</a> Another prominent Christian site in Jerusalem is <a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Golgotha</a>, the site of the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">crucifixion</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> describes it as being located outside Jerusalem,<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a> but recent archaeological evidence suggests Golgotha is a short distance from the Old City walls, within the present-day confines of the city.<a href="#cite_note-worldwide-222">[216]</a> The land occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> is considered one of the top candidates for Golgotha and thus has been a Christian pilgrimage site for the past 2000 years.<a href="#cite_note-worldwide-222">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> is generally considered the most important church in <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a> It contains the two holiest sites in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>: the site where <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> was <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucified</a>, and Jesus's empty tomb, where he is believed by Christians to have been <a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">buried</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrected</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem in Islam">Jerusalem in Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamization_of_Jerusalem" title="Islamization of Jerusalem">Islamization of Jerusalem</a></div> Jerusalem is the third-holiest city in <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3rd-33">[28]</a> Islamic tradition holds that for approximately a year, before it was permanently switched to the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">qibla</a> (direction of <a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">prayer</a>) for Muslims was Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> The city's lasting place in Islam, however, is primarily due to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Night Journey</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 620 CE). Muslims believe that Muhammad was miraculously transported one night from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Great Mosque of Mecca</a> to the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, whereupon he ascended to <a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Heaven</a> to meet previous <a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets of Islam">prophets of Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[224]</a> The first verse in the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Al-Isra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Isra">Surat al-Isra</a> notes the destination of Muhammad's journey as al-masjid al-aqṣā ("the farthest place of prayer").<a href="#cite_note-231">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[226]</a> In the earliest days of Islam, this was understood as a reference to a site in the heavens,<a href="#cite_note-:8-233">[227]</a> however, Post-<a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a> Islamic scholars understood it as relating to Jerusalem, and particularly to the site of the former Jewish Temple.<a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>, a collection of the sayings of Muhammad, mentions that the location of the Al-Aqsa Mosque is in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, originally named after the wider compound it sits within,<a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a> was built on the Temple Mount under the Umayyad Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik">Al-Walid</a> several decades after Muhammad's death to commemorate the place from which Muslims believe he had ascended to Heaven.<a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Gallery</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of the Temple Mount"><img alt="A view of the Temple Mount" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg/150px-THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg/225px-THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg/300px-THE_TEMPLE_MOUNT_JERUSALEM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1410" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Wall_at_night_(20063).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall and the Kotel, i"><img alt="The Western Wall, also known as the Wailing Wall and the Kotel, i" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Western_Wall_at_night_%2820063%29.jpg/150px-Western_Wall_at_night_%2820063%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Western_Wall_at_night_%2820063%29.jpg/225px-Western_Wall_at_night_%2820063%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Western_Wall_at_night_%2820063%29.jpg/300px-Western_Wall_at_night_%2820063%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3372" data-file-height="2247" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>, also known as the Wailing Wall and the Kotel, i</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Church of the Holy Sepulchre"><img alt="The Church of the Holy Sepulchre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/150px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/225px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG/300px-The_Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre-Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Garden Tomb – a new holy site established by British Protestants in the 19th century"><img alt="The Garden Tomb – a new holy site established by British Protestants in the 19th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg/150px-Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg/225px-Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg/300px-Jerusalem-Garden-Tomb-KTM-1266.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_Tomb" title="The Garden Tomb">The Garden Tomb</a> – a new holy site established by British <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> in the 19th century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013(2)-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_(SE_exposure).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dome of the Rock, where Muhammad is believed by Muslims to have ascended to heaven"><img alt="Dome of the Rock, where Muhammad is believed by Muslims to have ascended to heaven" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/150px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/225px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/300px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5425" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> is believed by Muslims to have ascended to heaven</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Aqsa_Mosque_(Jerusalem).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque, on the Temple Mount (Haram al-Sharif or Al-Aqsa compound)"><img alt="Al-Aqsa Mosque, on the Temple Mount (Haram al-Sharif or Al-Aqsa compound)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Jerusalem%29.jpg/150px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Jerusalem%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Jerusalem%29.jpg/225px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Jerusalem%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Jerusalem%29.jpg/300px-Al-Aqsa_Mosque_%28Jerusalem%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="719" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a>, on the Temple Mount (<a href="/wiki/Haram_al-Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Haram al-Sharif">Haram al-Sharif</a> or <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa compound">Al-Aqsa compound</a>)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_19135_Israel_Bank_in_Jerusalem.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Israel" title="Bank of Israel">Bank of Israel</a></figcaption></figure> Historically, Jerusalem's economy was supported almost exclusively by religious pilgrims, as it was far from the major ports of <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-politics67-238">[232]</a> Jerusalem's religious and cultural landmarks today remain the top draw for foreign visitors, with the majority of tourists visiting the Western Wall and the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> In 2010, Jerusalem was named the top leisure travel city in Africa and the Middle East by <a href="/wiki/Travel_%2B_Leisure" title="Travel + Leisure">Travel + Leisure magazine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[233]</a> in 2013, 75% of the 3.5 million tourists to Israel visited Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotzvimview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hotzvimview.jpg/220px-Hotzvimview.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hotzvimview.jpg/330px-Hotzvimview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Hotzvimview.jpg/440px-Hotzvimview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Har_Hotzvim" title="Har Hotzvim">Har Hotzvim</a> high-tech park</figcaption></figure> Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the national government has remained a major player in Jerusalem's economy. The government, centred in Jerusalem, generates a large number of jobs, and offers subsidies and incentives for new business initiatives and start-ups.<a href="#cite_note-politics67-238">[232]</a> Although Tel Aviv remains Israel's financial centre, a growing number of <a href="/wiki/High_tech" title="High tech">high tech</a> companies are moving to Jerusalem, providing 12,000 jobs in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> Northern Jerusalem's <a href="/wiki/Har_Hotzvim" title="Har Hotzvim">Har Hotzvim</a> industrial park and the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Technology_Park" title="Jerusalem Technology Park">Jerusalem Technology Park</a> in south Jerusalem are home to large <a href="/wiki/Research_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Research and Development">Research and Development</a> centres of international tech companies, among them <a href="/wiki/Intel_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceutical_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Teva Pharmaceutical Industries">Teva Pharmaceutical Industries</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobileye" title="Mobileye">Mobileye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson" title="Johnson & Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medtronic" title="Medtronic">Medtronic</a> and more.<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a> In April 2015, <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time Magazine</a> picked Jerusalem as one of the five emerging tech hubs in the world, proclaiming that "The city has become a flourishing centre for biomed, cleantech, Internet/mobile startups, accelerators, investors and supporting service providers."<a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Israel,_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_(5172398236).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jerusalem_Israel%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_%285172398236%29.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Israel%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_%285172398236%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jerusalem_Israel%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_%285172398236%29.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Israel%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_%285172398236%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jerusalem_Israel%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_%285172398236%29.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Israel%2C_Jerusal%C3%A9m_-_Shopping_de_Rua_%285172398236%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2544" data-file-height="1696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mamilla_Mall" title="Mamilla Mall">Mamilla Mall</a> adorned with upscale shops stands just outside the Old City Walls.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg/220px-MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg/330px-MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg/440px-MalhaMallApr192023_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3894" data-file-height="2596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malha_Mall" title="Malha Mall">Malha Mall</a></figcaption></figure> Higher than average percentages are employed in education (17.9% vs. 12.7%); health and welfare (12.6% vs. 10.7%); community and social services (6.4% vs. 4.7%); hotels and restaurants (6.1% vs. 4.7%); and public administration (8.2% vs. 4.7%).<a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a>, a law was passed requiring all buildings to be constructed of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_stone" title="Jerusalem stone">Jerusalem stone</a> in order to preserve the unique historic and aesthetic character of the city.<a href="#cite_note-BIUmandate-245">[239]</a> Complementing this building code, which is still in force, is the discouragement of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> in Jerusalem; only about 2.2% of Jerusalem's land is zoned for "industry and infrastructure". By comparison, the percentage of land in Tel Aviv zoned for industry and infrastructure is twice as high, and in Haifa, seven times as high.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> Only 8.5% of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a> work force is employed in the manufacturing sector, which is half the national average (15.8%). Although many statistics indicate economic growth in the city, since 1967, East Jerusalem has lagged behind the development of West Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-politics67-238">[232]</a> Nevertheless, the percentage of households with employed persons is higher for Arab households (76.1%) than for Jewish households (66.8%). The unemployment rate in Jerusalem (8.3%) is slightly better than the national average (9.0%), although the civilian <a href="/wiki/Labor_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor force">labour force</a> accounted for less than half of all persons fifteen years or older—lower in comparison to that of Tel Aviv (58.0%) and <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> (52.4%).<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> Poverty remains a problem in the city as 37% of the families in Jerusalem lived in 2011 below the poverty line. According to a report by the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Civil_Rights_in_Israel" title="Association for Civil Rights in Israel">Association for Civil Rights in Israel</a> (ACRI), 78% of Arabs in Jerusalem lived in poverty in 2012, up from 64% in 2006. While the ACRI attributes the increase to the lack of employment opportunities, infrastructure and a worsening educational system, <a href="/wiki/Ir_Amim" title="Ir Amim">Ir Amim</a> blames the legal status of Palestinians in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-Hasson-246">[240]</a> The increasing number of educated Palestinians in Jerusalem has brought about positive economic changes.<a href="#cite_note-247">[241]</a> Through reforms and initiatives in sectors like technology, tourism, trade, and infrastructure, they have helped drive economic growth, create jobs, and improve living conditions in the city.<a href="#cite_note-248">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[243]</a> Various joint summits between Israeli and Palestinian entrepreneurs have been held in the city.<a href="#cite_note-250">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Investment_Fund" title="Palestine Investment Fund">Palestine Investment Fund</a> have proposed various projects in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-251">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[246]</a> Palestinian industrialist <a href="/wiki/Bashar_Masri" title="Bashar Masri">Bashar Masri</a> sought to make heavy investments in the city.<a href="#cite_note-253">[247]</a> PA controlled industrial areas are located outskirts of Jerusalem, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Bir_Nabala" title="Bir Nabala">Bir Nabala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eizariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eizariya">Eizariya</a>, engaging in manufacture of tires, food products and concretes.<a href="#cite_note-254">[248]</a> High-tech industry is emerged among Palestinian society of Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-255">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[250]</a> In 2023, Israel opened a technology park in East Jerusalem, known as EasTech. Local Palestinian engineers are employed in the complex by multinational companies, some of which includes <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_Intelligence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural Intelligence (page does not exist)">Natural Intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synamedia" title="Synamedia">Synamedia</a>. Station J, an innovation hub is located in Sheikh Jarrah, which is yet another tech hub for Palestinians in the city. Hani Alami, a Jerusalem-based Palestinian entrepreneur has set up a start-+up accelerator.<a href="#cite_note-257">[251]</a> As a part of <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_economic_peace_efforts" title="Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts">Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts</a>, interaction between Israeli and Palestinian business community, also contributes in growth of Palestinian IT sector in the city.<a href="#cite_note-258">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urban_structure">Urban structure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-rise_construction">High-rise construction</h3></div> Jerusalem has traditionally had a low-rise skyline. About 18 tall buildings were built at different times in the downtown area when there was no clear policy over the matter. One of them, Holyland Tower 1, Jerusalem's tallest building, is a <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscraper</a> by international standards, rising 32 stories. Holyland Tower 2, which has been approved for construction, will reach the same height.<a href="#cite_note-260">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[255]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg/220px-Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg/330px-Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg/440px-Jerusalem_Holyland_Tower_remote_view_from_Rehavia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Holyland Tower, Jerusalem's tallest building</figcaption></figure> A new master plan for the city will see many high-rise buildings, including skyscrapers, built in certain, designated areas of downtown Jerusalem. Under the plan, towers will line <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_George_Street_(Jerusalem)" title="King George Street (Jerusalem)">King George Street</a>. One of the proposed towers along King George Street, the Migdal Merkaz HaYekum, is planned as a 65-story building, which would make it one of the tallest buildings in Israel. At the entrance to the city, near the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Chords Bridge">Jerusalem Chords Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Central_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Central Bus Station">Central Bus Station</a>, twelve towers rising between 24 and 33 stories will be built, as part of a complex that will also include an open square and an <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Binyanei_HaUma_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Binyanei HaUma Railway Station">underground train station</a> serving a new express line between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, and will be connected by bridges and tunnels. Eleven of the skyscrapers will be either office or apartment buildings, and one will be a 2,000-room hotel. The complex is expected to attract many businesses from Tel Aviv, and become the city's main business hub. In addition, a complex for the city's courts and the prosecutor's office will be built, as well as new buildings for Central Zionist Archives and <a href="/wiki/Israel_State_Archives" title="Israel State Archives">Israel State Archives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> The skyscrapers built throughout the city are expected to contain public space, shops, restaurants, and entertainment venues, and it has been speculated that this may lead to a revitalization of downtown Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a> In August 2015, the city council approved construction of a 344-foot pyramid-shaped skyscraper designed by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Libeskind" title="Daniel Libeskind">Daniel Libeskind</a> and Yigal Levi, in place of a rejected previous design by Libeskind; it is set to break ground by 2019.<a href="#cite_note-267">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_projects_in_Jerusalem">New projects in Jerusalem</h3></div> In 2021, <a href="/wiki/Bashar_Masri" title="Bashar Masri">Bashar Masri</a> announced and launched "Lana", a massive mix-used project in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, which is located in the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a>. The project is in a partnership between Massar International and the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Orthodox Church of Jerusalem</a>. It features 400 residential apartments along with a vibrant commercial center that hosts well-known global brands, <a href="/wiki/Cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinemas">cinemas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restaurants" class="mw-redirect" title="Restaurants">restaurants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cafes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cafes">cafes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Offices" class="mw-redirect" title="Offices">offices</a>. The project also includes modern educational facilities, such as a school and a <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a>, catering to the needs of residents. In addition to its focus on residential and commercial aspects, the Lana project emphasizes the improvement of infrastructure within the project and its surroundings. This involves the construction of three to four floors of underground parking to accommodate the residents' vehicles conveniently. Furthermore, there is a comprehensive plan to expand the road network surrounding the project, ensuring smooth transportation and accessibility for both residents and visitors. It is situated just 15 minutes away from the historic <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Jerusalem" title="Transport in Jerusalem">Transport in Jerusalem</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG/220px-Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG/330px-Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG/440px-Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3562" data-file-height="2366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Chords_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Chords Bridge">Jerusalem Chords Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> Jerusalem is served by highly developed communication infrastructures, making it a leading logistics hub for Israel. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Central_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Central Bus Station">Jerusalem Central Bus Station</a>, located on <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a>, is the busiest bus station in Israel. It is served by <a href="/wiki/Egged_(company)" title="Egged (company)">Egged Bus Cooperative</a>, which is the second-largest bus company in the world,<a href="#cite_note-269">[263]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dan_Bus_Company" title="Dan Bus Company">Dan</a> serves the <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a>-Jerusalem route along with Egged, and <a href="/wiki/Superbus_(company)" title="Superbus (company)">Superbus</a> serves the routes between Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Modi%27in_Illit" title="Modi'in Illit">Modi'in Illit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut" title="Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut">Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut</a>. The companies operate from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Central_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Central Bus Station">Jerusalem Central Bus Station</a>. Arab neighbourhoods in East Jerusalem and routes between Jerusalem and locations in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> are served by the <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem_Central_Bus_Station" title="East Jerusalem Central Bus Station">East Jerusalem Central Bus Station</a>, a transportation hub located near the Old City's <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus Gate</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Light_Rail" title="Jerusalem Light Rail">Jerusalem Light Rail</a> initiated service in August 2011. According to plans, the first rail line will be capable of transporting an estimated 200,000 people daily, and has 23 stops. The route is from Pisgat Ze'ev in the north via the Old City and city centre to Mt. Herzl in the south. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JLR_26,_Jaffa_Street,_2019_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/JLR_26%2C_Jaffa_Street%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/220px-JLR_26%2C_Jaffa_Street%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/JLR_26%2C_Jaffa_Street%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/330px-JLR_26%2C_Jaffa_Street%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/JLR_26%2C_Jaffa_Street%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg/440px-JLR_26%2C_Jaffa_Street%2C_2019_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5346" data-file-height="3564" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Light_Rail" title="Jerusalem Light Rail">Light Rail</a> tram on <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a></figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/High-speed_railway_to_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed railway to Jerusalem">high-speed rail line</a> connecting Tel Aviv to Jerusalem became partially operational in 2018 and was completed in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-270">[264]</a> Its terminus is at the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Binyanei_HaUma_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Binyanei HaUma Railway Station">new underground station</a> (80 m or 262 ft deep) serving the <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_Center_(Jerusalem)" title="International Convention Center (Jerusalem)">International Convention Centre</a> and the Central Bus Station,<a href="#cite_note-271">[265]</a> and is planned to be extended eventually to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Malha_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Malha Railway Station">Malha station</a>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Railways" title="Israel Railways">Israel Railways</a> operated train services to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Malha_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Malha Railway Station">Malha train station</a> from Tel Aviv via <a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a>, but this service was discontinued in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Highway_50_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 50 (Israel)">Begin Expressway</a> is one of Jerusalem's major north–south thoroughfares; it runs on the western side of the city, merging in the north with <a href="/wiki/Route_443_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 443 (Israel)">Route 443</a>, which continues toward Tel Aviv. <a href="/wiki/Highway_60_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway 60 (Israel)">Route 60</a> runs through the centre of the city near the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a> between East and West Jerusalem. Construction is progressing on parts of a 35 km (22 mi) <a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">ring road</a> around the city, fostering faster connection between the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-rings-275">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a> The eastern half of the project was conceptualized decades ago, but reaction to the proposed highway is still mixed.<a href="#cite_note-rings-275">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3></div> In the past, Jerusalem was also served by the local <a href="/wiki/Atarot_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Atarot Airport">Jerusalem International Airport</a>, locally known as Atarot Airport. It was the first airport built in the British Mandate of Palestine. Palestinians considered the Atarot Airport as a "symbol of Palestinian sovereignty".<a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a> The airport falls beyond Green Line. After 1948 war, it came under control of Jordan. Following the Six Day War of 1967, the airport came under control of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-278">[272]</a> With increase of violence in the <a href="/wiki/Second_intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="Second intifada">second intifada</a>, Atarot Airport ceased operation in 2000. Today Jerusalem is served by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Gurion_Airport" title="Ben Gurion Airport">Ben Gurion Airport</a>, some 50 km (30 mi) northwest of the Jerusalem, on the route to Tel Aviv. The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv%E2%80%93Jerusalem_railway" title="Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway">Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway</a> runs non-stop from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem%E2%80%93Yitzhak_Navon_railway_station" title="Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station">Jerusalem–Yitzhak Navon railway station</a> to the airport and began operation in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-279">[273]</a> Australian businessman <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bermeister" title="Kevin Bermeister">Kevin Bermeister</a> proposed a masterplan of Jerusalem, which also includes the development of an airport for Jerusalem in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a> The airport is sought to be a joint Israeli-Palestinian airport. Palestinian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Shtayyeh" title="Mohammad Shtayyeh">Mohammad Shtayyeh</a> have also appealed to Israeli authorities to redevelop the airport.<a href="#cite_note-281">[275]</a> In 2021, the Israeli government planned to redevelop Atarot Airport as a joint Israeli–Palestinian airport.<a href="#cite_note-282">[276]</a> The new Atarot Airport will include two separate Israeli and Palestinian terminals. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3></div> Jerusalem is home to several prestigious universities offering courses in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> and English. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg/220px-HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg/330px-HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg/440px-HADASSA_HOSPITAL_MT._SCOPUS_JERUSALEM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6600" data-file-height="4400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Scopus" title="Mount Scopus">Mount Scopus</a> campus</figcaption></figure> Founded in 1925, the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a> has been ranked among the top 100 schools in the world.<a href="#cite_note-283">[277]</a> The Board of Governors has included such prominent Jewish intellectuals as <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hujiHistory-284">[278]</a> The university has produced several <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel</a> laureates; recent winners associated with Hebrew University include <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a>,<a href="#cite_note-285">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a>,<a href="#cite_note-286">[280]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman" title="Daniel Kahneman">Daniel Kahneman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[281]</a> One of the university's major assets is the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">Jewish National and University Library</a>, which houses over five million books.<a href="#cite_note-288">[282]</a> The library opened in 1892, over three decades before the university was established, and is one of the world's largest repositories of books on Jewish subjects. Today it is both the central library of the university and the national library of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-289">[283]</a> The Hebrew University operates three campuses in Jerusalem, on Mount Scopus, on <a href="/wiki/Givat_Ram" title="Givat Ram">Giv'at Ram</a> and a medical campus at the <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Medical_Center" title="Hadassah Medical Center">Hadassah Ein Kerem hospital</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_the_Hebrew_Language" title="Academy of the Hebrew Language">Academy of the Hebrew Language</a> are located in the Hebrew university in Givat Ram and the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Humanities" title="Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities">Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities</a> located near the <a href="/wiki/Beit_HaNassi" title="Beit HaNassi">Presidents House</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg/220px-Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg/330px-Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg/440px-Hebron_yeshiva_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hebron_Yeshiva" title="Hebron Yeshiva">Hebron Yeshiva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Givat_Mordechai" title="Givat Mordechai">Givat Mordechai</a> neighbourhood</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_College_of_Technology" title="Jerusalem College of Technology">Jerusalem College of Technology</a>, founded in 1969, combines training in engineering and other high-tech industries with a Jewish studies programme.<a href="#cite_note-290">[284]</a> It is one of many schools in Jerusalem, from elementary school and up, that combine secular and religious studies. Numerous religious educational institutions and <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshivot</a>, including some of the most prestigious yeshivas, among them the <a href="/wiki/Brisk_yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisk yeshiva">Brisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevron_yeshiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevron yeshiva">Chevron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midrash_Shmuel_Yeshiva" title="Midrash Shmuel Yeshiva">Midrash Shmuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mir_yeshiva_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mir yeshiva (Jerusalem)">Mir</a>, are based in the city, with the Mir Yeshiva claiming to be the largest.<a href="#cite_note-291">[285]</a> There were nearly 8,000 twelfth-grade students in Hebrew-language schools during the 2003–2004 school year.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> However, due to the large portion of students in <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi Jewish</a> frameworks, only fifty-five percent of twelfth graders took <a href="/wiki/Matriculation" title="Matriculation">matriculation</a> exams (<a href="/wiki/Bagrut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrut">Bagrut</a>) and only thirty-seven percent were eligible to graduate. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public schools</a>, many Haredi schools do not prepare students to take standardized tests.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-191">[185]</a> To attract more university students to Jerusalem, the city has begun to offer a special package of financial incentives and housing subsidies to students who rent apartments in downtown Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-292">[286]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abu_jihad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Abu_jihad.jpg/220px-Abu_jihad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Abu_jihad.jpg/330px-Abu_jihad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Abu_jihad.jpg/440px-Abu_jihad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Inside <a href="/wiki/Abu_Jihad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Jihad">Abu Jihad Museum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a> </figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a> was established in 1984<a href="#cite_note-quds1-293">[287]</a> to serve as a flagship university for the Arab and Palestinian peoples.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It describes itself as the "only Arab university in Jerusalem".<a href="#cite_note-294">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> of Annandale-on-Hudson, New York and Al-Quds University agreed to open a joint college in a building originally built to house the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>'s office. The college gives <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts_in_Teaching" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Arts in Teaching">Master of Arts in Teaching</a> degrees.<a href="#cite_note-Kalman-295">[289]</a> Al-Quds University resides southeast of the city proper on a 190,000 m2 (47-acre) <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a> campus.<a href="#cite_note-quds1-293">[287]</a> Other campuses of AQU are located within city limits of Jerusalem. A campus of university in <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a>, which is one of the oldest faculties, is known as Hind Al Husseini College for Arts.<a href="#cite_note-296">[290]</a> It was named after <a href="/wiki/Hind_al-Husseini" title="Hind al-Husseini">Hind al-Husseini</a>, a Palestinian activists known for rescuing orphaned survivors of <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a> and giving them shelter in a palace of her grandfather, which was converted into an orphanage and later a college, which is a part today's Al Quds University.<a href="#cite_note-297">[291]</a> A joint campus of AQU and Bard College is located in <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bayt_Mal_Al_Qods_Acharif_Agency" title="Bayt Mal Al Qods Acharif Agency">Bayt Mal Al Qods Acharif Agency</a>, a Moroccan organization is constructing a new campus in same neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-298">[292]</a> Other institutions of higher learning in Jerusalem are the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Academy_of_Music_and_Dance" title="Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance">Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[293]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bezalel_Academy_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design">Bezalel Academy of Art and Design</a>,<a href="#cite_note-300">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[295]</a> whose buildings are located on the campuses of the Hebrew University. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_schools">Arab schools</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Du-leshoni-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Du-leshoni-2.jpg/220px-Du-leshoni-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Du-leshoni-2.jpg/330px-Du-leshoni-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Du-leshoni-2.jpg/440px-Du-leshoni-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hand_in_Hand:_Center_for_Jewish-Arab_Education_in_Israel" title="Hand in Hand: Center for Jewish-Arab Education in Israel">Hand in Hand</a>, a bilingual Jewish-Arab school in Jerusalem</figcaption></figure>Israel's public schools for Arabs in Jerusalem and other parts of the country have been criticized for offering a lower quality education than those catering to Israeli Jewish students.<a href="#cite_note-HumanRights-302">[296]</a> While many schools in the heavily Arab East Jerusalem are filled to capacity and there have been complaints of overcrowding, the Jerusalem Municipality is building over a dozen new schools in the city's Arab neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-303">[297]</a> Schools in <a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Amud" title="Ras al-Amud">Ras el-Amud</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Lison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Lison (page does not exist)">Umm Lison</a> opened in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-lis-304">[298]</a> In March 2007, the Israeli government approved a five-year plan to build 8,000 new classrooms in the city, 40 percent in the Arab sector and 28 percent in the Haredi sector. A budget of 4.6 billion shekels was allocated for this project.<a href="#cite_note-305">[299]</a> In 2008, Jewish British philanthropists donated $3 million for the construction of schools for Arabs in East Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-lis-304">[298]</a> Arab high school students take the <a href="/wiki/Bagrut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrut">Bagrut</a> matriculation exams, so that much of their curriculum parallels that of other Israeli high schools and includes certain Jewish subjects.<a href="#cite_note-HumanRights-302">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG/220px-Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG/330px-Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG/440px-Jerusalem_Schrein_des_Buches_BW_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3890" data-file-height="2101" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a>, housing the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a></figcaption></figure> Although Jerusalem is known primarily for its <a href="/wiki/Religious_significance_of_Jerusalem" title="Religious significance of Jerusalem">religious significance</a>, the city is also home to many artistic and cultural venues. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Museum" title="Israel Museum">Israel Museum</a> attracts nearly one million visitors a year, approximately one-third of them tourists.<a href="#cite_note-IMJ-306">[300]</a> The 8 ha (20-acre) museum complex comprises several buildings featuring special exhibits and extensive collections of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_ceremonial_art" title="Jewish ceremonial art">Judaica</a>, archaeological findings, and Israeli and European art. The <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_scrolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Sea scrolls">Dead Sea scrolls</a>, discovered in the mid-20th century in the <a href="/wiki/Qumran_Caves" title="Qumran Caves">Qumran Caves</a> near the Dead Sea, are housed in the Museum's <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Book" title="Shrine of the Book">Shrine of the Book</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[301]</a> The Youth Wing, which mounts changing exhibits and runs an extensive art education programme, is visited by 100,000 children a year. The museum has a large outdoor sculpture garden and includes the <a href="/wiki/Holyland_Model_of_Jerusalem" title="Holyland Model of Jerusalem">Holyland Model of Jerusalem</a>, a scale-model of the city during the late <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IMJ-306">[300]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ticho_House" title="Ticho House">Ticho House</a> in downtown Jerusalem houses the paintings of <a href="/wiki/Anna_Ticho" title="Anna Ticho">Anna Ticho</a> and the Judaica collections of her husband, an ophthalmologist who opened Jerusalem's first eye clinic in this building in 1912.<a href="#cite_note-308">[302]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg/170px-Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg/255px-Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg/340px-Jerusalem_Zoo_spider_monkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Biblical_Zoo" title="Jerusalem Biblical Zoo">Jerusalem Biblical Zoo</a></figcaption></figure> Next to the Israel Museum is the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Lands_Museum" title="Bible Lands Museum">Bible Lands Museum</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority#The_National_Campus_for_the_Archaeology_of_Israel" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">The National Campus for the Archaeology of Israel</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">Israel Antiquities Authority</a> offices. A World Bible Centre is planned to be built adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a> at a site called the "Bible Hill". A planned <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Kabbalah_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Kabbalah Center (page does not exist)">World Kabbalah Centre</a> is to be located on the nearby promenade, overlooking the Old City. The <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Museum">Rockefeller Museum</a>, located in East Jerusalem, was the first archaeological museum in the Middle East. It was built in 1938 during the British Mandate.<a href="#cite_note-309">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[304]</a> In 2006, a 38 km (24 mi) <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Trail" title="Jerusalem Trail">Jerusalem Trail</a> was opened, a hiking trail that goes to many cultural sites and <a href="/wiki/National_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks">national parks</a> in and around Jerusalem. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Biblical_Zoo" title="Jerusalem Biblical Zoo">Jerusalem Biblical Zoo</a> has ranked consistently as Israel's top tourist attraction for Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-311">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[306]</a> The national cemetery of Israel is located at the city's western edge, near the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Forest" title="Jerusalem Forest">Jerusalem Forest</a> on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Herzl" title="Mount Herzl">Mount Herzl</a>. The western extension of Mount Herzl is the Mount of Remembrance, where the main Holocaust museum of Israel is located. <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, Israel's national memorial to the victims of the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, houses the world's largest library of Holocaust-related information.<a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a> It houses an estimated 100,000 books and articles. The complex contains a state-of-the-art museum that explores the genocide of the Jews through exhibits that focus on the personal stories of individuals and families killed in the Holocaust. An art gallery featuring the work of artists who perished is also present. Further, Yad Vashem commemorates the 1.5 million Jewish children murdered by the <a href="/wiki/Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazis">Nazis</a>, and honours the <a href="/wiki/Righteous_among_the_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Righteous among the Nations">Righteous among the Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-YV-314">[308]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg/220px-NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg/330px-NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg/440px-NationalLibraryofIsraelJan052023_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>The new building of the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra">Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra</a>, established in the 1940s,<a href="#cite_note-JSO-315">[309]</a> has appeared around the world.<a href="#cite_note-JSO-315">[309]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_Center_(Jerusalem)" title="International Convention Center (Jerusalem)">International Convention Centre</a> (Binyanei HaUma) near the entrance to city houses the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Israel Philharmonic Orchestra">Israel Philharmonic Orchestra</a>. The Jerusalem Cinemateque, the <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Behar_Center" title="Gerard Behar Center">Gerard Behar Centre</a> (formerly Beit Ha'Am) in downtown Jerusalem, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Music_Centre" title="Jerusalem Music Centre">Jerusalem Music Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yemin_Moshe" title="Yemin Moshe">Yemin Moshe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a> and the Targ Music Centre in <a href="/wiki/Ein_Kerem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ein Kerem">Ein Kerem</a> also present the arts. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Festival" title="Israel Festival">Israel Festival</a>, featuring indoor and outdoor performances by local and international singers, concerts, plays, and street theatre has been held annually since 1961, and Jerusalem has been the major organizer of this event. The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Theater">Jerusalem Theatre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Talbiya" title="Talbiya">Talbiya</a> neighbourhood hosts over 150 concerts a year, as well as theatre and dance companies and performing artists from overseas.<a href="#cite_note-317">[311]</a> The <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Khan_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jerusalem Khan Theatre">Khan Theatre</a>, located in a caravanserai opposite the old Jerusalem train station, is the city's only <a href="/wiki/Repertory" class="mw-redirect" title="Repertory">repertoire</a> theatre.<a href="#cite_note-318">[312]</a> The station itself has become a venue for cultural events in recent years as the site of Shav'ua Hasefer (an annual week-long book fair) and outdoor music performances.<a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Film_Festival" title="Jerusalem Film Festival">Jerusalem Film Festival</a> is held annually, screening Israeli and international films.<a href="#cite_note-filmfest-320">[314]</a> In 1974 the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Cinematheque" title="Jerusalem Cinematheque">Jerusalem Cinematheque</a> was founded. In 1981 it was moved to a new building on Hebron Road near the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Hinnom" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Hinnom">Valley of Hinnom</a> and the Old City. Jerusalem was declared the <a href="/wiki/2009_Capital_of_Arab_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Capital of Arab Culture">Capital of Arab Culture</a> in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-ynetBan-321">[315]</a> Jerusalem is home to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Theatre" title="Palestinian National Theatre">Palestinian National Theatre</a>, which engages in cultural preservation as well as innovation, working to rekindle Palestinian interest in the arts.<a href="#cite_note-322">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Edward_Said_National_Conservatory_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="The Edward Said National Conservatory of Music">The Edward Said National Conservatory of Music</a> sponsors the Palestine Youth Orchestra<a href="#cite_note-323">[317]</a> which toured <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a> and other Middle East countries in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-324">[318]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Museum">Islamic Museum</a> on the Temple Mount, established in 1923, houses many Islamic artifacts, from tiny <a href="/wiki/Kohl_(cosmetics)" title="Kohl (cosmetics)">kohl</a> flasks and rare manuscripts to giant marble columns.<a href="#cite_note-325">[319]</a> Al-Hoash, established in 2004, is a gallery for the preservation of Palestinian art.<a href="#cite_note-alhoash-326">[320]</a> While Israel approves and financially supports some Arab cultural activities,<a href="#cite_note-327">[321]</a> Arab Capital of Culture events were banned because they were sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestine National Authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ynetBan-321">[315]</a> In 2009, a four-day culture festival was held in the <a href="/wiki/Beit_%27Anan" title="Beit 'Anan">Beit 'Anan</a> suburb of Jerusalem, attended by more than 15,000 people<a href="#cite_note-328">[322]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian cinema">Palestinian cinema</a> is based in the city.<a href="#cite_note-329">[323]</a> Jerusalem has been location for "Jerusalem Arab Film Festival", for exhibiting <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestinian films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[324]</a> The city is home to numerous artists, singers, actors, actresses and filmmakers.<a href="#cite_note-331">[325]</a> Established in 1991, <a href="/wiki/Riwaq_(organization)" title="Riwaq (organization)">Riwaq</a> have been working on various projects to restore cultural and historical sites across <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-332">[326]</a> Difficulties to operate in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem" title="Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem">annexed areas of Palestinian Jerusalem</a>, it have successfully worked across those neighborhoods, rural and suburban area and Jerusalem Mountains (Jibal al-Quds), where the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian government">Palestinian government</a> has control.<a href="#cite_note-333">[327]</a> So far, the organization have restored a number of sites across neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Aqab" title="Kafr 'Aqab">Kafr 'Aqab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jib" title="Al Jib">Al Jib</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Jerusalem" title="Jaba', Jerusalem">Jaba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qalandia" title="Qalandia">Qalandia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-334">[328]</a> Those restored structures serves as local community centers, cultural sites and headquarters of several NGOs and cultural groups.<a href="#cite_note-:10-334">[328]</a> Yabous Cultural Center is the largest cultural center in the city, opened by Palestinian groups in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-335">[329]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said_National_Conservatory_of_Music" title="Edward Said National Conservatory of Music">Edward Said National Conservatory of Music</a> have a branch in Jerusalem. <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Medical_Center" title="Hadassah Medical Center">Hadassah Medical Center</a> and the Hebrew University have unveiled a "Tree of Peace" statue at the <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University_Teaching_Hospital" title="Al-Quds University Teaching Hospital">Al Quds University School of Dental Medicine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[330]</a> The Museum on the Seam, which explores issues of coexistence through art, is situated on the road dividing eastern and western Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-seam-337">[331]</a> The Abraham Fund and the Jerusalem Intercultural Centre (JICC) promote joint Jewish-Palestinian cultural projects. The Jerusalem Centre for Middle Eastern Music and Dance<a href="#cite_note-338">[332]</a> is open to Arabs and Jews and offers workshops on Jewish-Arab dialogue through the arts.<a href="#cite_note-339">[333]</a> The Jewish-Arab Youth Orchestra performs both European classical and Middle Eastern music.<a href="#cite_note-340">[334]</a> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Tolerance_Monument" title="Tolerance Monument">Tolerance Monument</a>, an outdoor sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_D%C5%BAwigaj" title="Czesław Dźwigaj">Czesław Dźwigaj</a>, was erected on a hill between Jewish <a href="/wiki/East_Talpiot" title="East Talpiot">Armon HaNetziv</a> and Arab <a href="/wiki/Jabel_Mukaber" title="Jabel Mukaber">Jebl Mukaber</a> as a symbol of Jerusalem's quest for peace.<a href="#cite_note-341">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> The headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">Israel Broadcasting Authority</a> and its successor <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation</a> are located in Jerusalem, as well as television and radio studios for <a href="/wiki/Channel_12_(Israel)" title="Channel 12 (Israel)">Channel 12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Channel_13_(Israel)" title="Channel 13 (Israel)">Channel 13</a>, and part of the radio studios of <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a> are also headquartered in Jerusalem. Local newspapers include the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Kol_Ha%27ir" title="Kol Ha'ir">Kol Ha'ir</a> and the Palestinian <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Times" title="The Jerusalem Times">Jerusalem Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/GOD_TV" title="GOD TV">God TV</a>, an international Christian television network, is also based in the city. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Youth_Association_for_Leadership_and_Rights_Activation" title="Palestinian Youth Association for Leadership and Rights Activation">PYALARA</a>, an organisation based in Jerusalem, transformed <a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Jerusalem" title="Jaba', Jerusalem">Jaba</a> into a digital hub, which is the Middle East's first digital village and is also home to first Media Interactive Learning Center in the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-342">[336]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Beitar_Jerusalem_F.C." title="Beitar Jerusalem F.C.">Beitar Jerusalem F.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Jerusalem_B.C." title="Hapoel Jerusalem B.C.">Hapoel Jerusalem B.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Marathon" title="Jerusalem Marathon">Jerusalem Marathon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg/220px-TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg/330px-TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg/440px-TeddyStadiumJerusalem%D9%90Apr172023_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Stadium" title="Teddy Stadium">Teddy Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malha" title="Malha">Malha</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg/220px-JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg/330px-JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg/440px-JerusalemArenaApr172023_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pais_Arena" title="Pais Arena">Pais Arena</a></figcaption></figure> The two most popular sports are <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> (soccer) and basketball.<a href="#cite_note-343">[337]</a> <a href="/wiki/Beitar_Jerusalem_F.C." title="Beitar Jerusalem F.C.">Beitar Jerusalem Football Club</a> is one of the most well known in Israel. Fans include political figures who often attend its games.<a href="#cite_note-344">[338]</a> Jerusalem's other major football team, and one of Beitar's top rivals, is <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Jerusalem_F.C." title="Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.">Hapoel Jerusalem F.C.</a> Whereas Beitar has been <a href="/wiki/Israel_State_Cup" title="Israel State Cup">Israel State Cup</a> champion seven times,<a href="#cite_note-345">[339]</a> Hapoel has won the Cup only once. Beitar has won the top league six times, while Hapoel has never succeeded. Beitar plays in the more prestigious <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Premier_League" title="Israeli Premier League">Ligat HaAl</a>, while Hapoel is in the second division <a href="/wiki/Liga_Leumit" title="Liga Leumit">Liga Leumit</a>. Since its opening in 1992, <a href="/wiki/Teddy_Stadium" title="Teddy Stadium">Teddy Stadium</a> has been Jerusalem's primary football stadium, with a capacity of 31,733<a href="#cite_note-346">[340]</a> The most popular Palestinian football club is <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Al_Mukaber_(football_club)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Al Mukaber (football club)">Jabal Al Mukaber</a> (since 1976) which plays in West Bank Premier League. The club hails from Mount Scopus at Jerusalem, part of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a>, and plays at the <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Al-Husseini_International_Stadium" title="Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium">Faisal Al-Husseini International Stadium</a> at <a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Al-Ram</a>, across the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank_Barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="West Bank Barrier">West Bank Barrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pfa-347">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-footwall-348">[342]</a> In basketball, <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Jerusalem_B.C." title="Hapoel Jerusalem B.C.">Hapoel Jerusalem</a> is one of the top teams in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Basketball_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Basketball Super League">top division</a>. The club has won Israel's championship in 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Basketball_State_Cup" title="Israeli Basketball State Cup">State Cup</a> four times, and the <a href="/wiki/EuroCup_Basketball" title="EuroCup Basketball">ULEB Cup</a> in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-349">[343]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Marathon" title="Jerusalem Marathon">Jerusalem Marathon</a>, established in 2011, is an international marathon race held annually in Jerusalem in the month of March. The full 42-kilometre race begins at the Knesset, passes through Mount Scopus and the Old City's Armenian Quarter, and concludes at Sacher Park. In 2012, the Jerusalem Marathon drew 15,000 runners, including 1,500 from fifty countries outside Israel.<a href="#cite_note-350">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[348]</a> A popular non-competitive sports event is the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_March" title="Jerusalem March">Jerusalem March</a>, held annually during the <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> festival. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Israel" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel">List of twin towns and sister cities in Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></div> Jerusalem is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Niter%C3%B3i" title="Niterói">Niterói</a>, Brazil<a href="#cite_note-355">[349]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil<a href="#cite_note-356">[350]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a>, Brazil<a href="#cite_note-357">[351]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, Egypt<a href="#cite_note-358">[352]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia<a href="#cite_note-359">[353]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, Iran<a href="#cite_note-360">[354]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ayabe,_Kyoto" title="Ayabe, Kyoto">Ayabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture" title="Kyoto Prefecture">Kyoto Prefecture</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-361">[355]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania"><img alt="Mauritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a>, Mauritania<a href="#cite_note-362">[356]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>, Morocco<a href="#cite_note-363">[357]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oujda" title="Oujda">Oujda</a>, Morocco<a href="#cite_note-364">[358]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru"><img alt="Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a>, Peru<a href="#cite_note-365">[359]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-366">[360]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-367">[361]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Jerusalem" title="Greater Jerusalem">Greater Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Jerusalem" title="List of people from Jerusalem">List of people from Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Jerusalem" title="List of places in Jerusalem">List of places in Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Jerusalem" title="List of songs about Jerusalem">List of songs about Jerusalem</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/42px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/21px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/42px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/16px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/25px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/33px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/21px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/42px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/18px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/28px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/36px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The State of Palestine (according to the Basic Law of Palestine, Title One: Article 3) regards Jerusalem as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-BasicLawPal-T1A3-1">[1]</a> However, the documents of the <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a>'s Negotiations Affairs Department (NAD) often refer to <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> (rather than the whole of Jerusalem) as a future capital, and sometimes as the current capital. One of its 2010 documents, described as "for discussion purposes only", says that Palestine has a '"vision"' for a future in which "East Jerusalem ... shall be the capital of Palestine, and West Jerusalem shall be the capital of Israel",<a href="#cite_note-PLO-NAD-2010-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> and one of its 2013 documents refers to "Palestine's capital, East Jerusalem", and states that "Occupied East Jerusalem is the natural socio-economic and political center for the future Palestinian state", while also stating that "Jerusalem has always been and remains the political, administrative and spiritual heart of Palestine" and that "The Palestinian acceptance of the 1967 border, which includes East Jerusalem, is a painful compromise".<a href="#cite_note-PLO-NAD-2013-4">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/dʒəˈruːsələmˌ -zə-/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">jə-ROO-sə-ləm, -⁠zə-</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: Yerushaláyim, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">[jeʁuʃaˈlajim]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/84\/He-Jerusalem.ogg\/He-Jerusalem.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"He-Jerusalem.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/He-Jerusalem.ogg/He-Jerusalem.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:He-Jerusalem.ogg" title="File:He-Jerusalem.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: القُدس, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: al-Quds, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[al.quds]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5d\/ArAlquds.ogg\/ArAlquds.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ArAlquds.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/ArAlquds.ogg/ArAlquds.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:ArAlquds.ogg" title="File:ArAlquds.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">local pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[il.ʔuds]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elihay2011-8">[7]</a> In other languages: Official Arabic in Israel: <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: أورشليم القدس, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: ʾŪršalīm al-Quds (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names) <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: Hierousalḗm, Hierosóluma <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>: Երուսաղեմ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">romanized</a>: Erusałēm </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Jerusalem is the capital under <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Israeli law</a>. The presidential residence, government offices, supreme court and parliament (<a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>) are there. The State of Palestine (according to the Basic Law of Palestine, Title One: Article 3) regards Jerusalem as its capital.<a href="#cite_note-BasicLawPal-T1A3-1">[1]</a> The UN and most countries do not recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital, taking the position that the final status of Jerusalem is pending future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. Most countries maintain their embassies in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and its suburbs or suburbs of Jerusalem, such as <a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a> (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/">CIA Factbook</a> and <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">"Map of Israel"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200601135924/https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2FCartographic%2Fmap%2Fprofile%2Fisrael.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> (319 KB)) See <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a> for more information. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Statistics regarding the demographics of Jerusalem refer to the unified and expanded Israeli municipality, which includes the pre-1967 Israeli and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> municipalities as well as several additional <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> villages and neighborhoods to the northeast. Some of the Palestinian villages and neighborhoods have been relinquished to the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> de facto by way of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>,<a href="#cite_note-laub2006-19">[16]</a> but their legal statuses have not been reverted. </li> <li id="cite_note-bible-david-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bible-david_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bible-david_23-1">b</a> Much of the information regarding King David's conquest of Jerusalem comes from <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Biblical</a> accounts, but some modern-day historians have begun to give them credit due to a 1993 excavation.<a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> comprises approximately one third of the municipal area of Jerusalem, with <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> comprising approximately two-thirds. On the annexation of East Jerusalem, Israel also incorporated an area of the West Bank into the Jerusalem municipal area which represented more than ten times the area of East Jerusalem under Jordanian rule.<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Benvenisti1976-41">[36]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BasicLawPal-T1A3-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BasicLawPal-T1A3_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BasicLawPal-T1A3_1-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">2003 Amended Basic Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211183132/http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">Archived</a> 11 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Basic Law of Palestine. Retrieved 9 December 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-PLO-NAD-2010-2"><a href="#cite_ref-PLO-NAD-2010_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206101131/http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Non-Peper/Jerusalem%20Non-Paper-%20Final%20%20June%202010.pdf">"Jerusalem Non-Paper"</a> (PDF). PLO-NAD. June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Non-Peper/Jerusalem%20Non-Paper-%20Final%20%20June%202010.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLO-NAD&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+Non-Paper&rft.date=2010-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2FNon-Peper%2FJerusalem%2520Non-Paper-%2520Final%2520%2520June%25202010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418223336/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=59">"Statements and Speeches"</a>. nad-plo.org. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=59">the original</a> on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2014. <q>This paper is for discussion purposes only. Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed. Palestinian vision for Jerusalem...Pursuant to our vision, East Jerusalem, as defined by its pre-1967 occupation municipal borders, shall be the capital of Palestine, and West Jerusalem shall be the capital of Israel, with each state enjoying full sovereignty over its respective part of the city.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nad-plo.org&rft.atitle=Statements+and+Speeches&rft.pages=2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fetemplate.php%3Fid%3D59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLO-NAD-2013-4"><a href="#cite_ref-PLO-NAD-2013_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304121305/http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Factsheet%202013/EJ%20TODAY_FINAL%20REPORT_II.pdf">"East Jerusalem today – Palestine's Capital: The 1967 border in Jerusalem and Israel's illegal policies on the ground"</a> (PDF). PLO-Negotiations Affairs Department (NAD). August 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Factsheet%202013/EJ%20TODAY_FINAL%20REPORT_II.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLO-Negotiations+Affairs+Department+%28NAD%29&rft.atitle=East+Jerusalem+today+%E2%80%93+Palestine%27s+Capital%3A+The+1967+border+in+Jerusalem+and+Israel%27s+illegal+policies+on+the+ground&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2FFactsheet%25202013%2FEJ%2520TODAY_FINAL%2520REPORT_II.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> A-Z Guide to the Qur'an: A Must-have Reference to Understanding the Contents of the Islamic Holy Book by Mokhtar Stork (1999): "JERUSALEM: Referred to in Arabic as Baitul Muqaddas (The Holy House) or Baitul Maqdis (The House of the Sanctuary)". </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Pan-Islamism in India & Bengal by Mohammad Shah (2002), p. 63: "... protector of Mecca, Medina and Baitul Muqaddas, the sacred places of pilgrimage of the Muslim world" </li> <li id="cite_note-Elihay2011-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elihay2011_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elihay2011_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElihay2011" class="citation book cs1">Elihay, Yohanan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/783142368">Speaking Arabic: a course in conversational Eastern (Palestinian) Arabic</a>. Rothberg International School ([2009 ed.], reprinted with corr. 2011 ed.). Jerusalem: Minerva. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-7397-30-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-7397-30-5"><bdi>978-965-7397-30-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/783142368">783142368</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speaking+Arabic%3A+a+course+in+conversational+Eastern+%28Palestinian%29+Arabic&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=36&rft.edition=%5B2009+ed.%5D%2C+reprinted+with+corr.+2011&rft.pub=Minerva&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F783142368&rft.isbn=978-965-7397-30-5&rft.aulast=Elihay&rft.aufirst=Yohanan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F783142368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2017" class="citation news cs1">Smith, William (6 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/dec/06/donald-trump-us-jerusalem-israel-capital">"Donald Trump confirms US will recognise Jerusalem as capital of Israel"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005074952/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/dec/06/donald-trump-us-jerusalem-israel-capital">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+confirms+US+will+recognise+Jerusalem+as+capital+of+Israel&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2017%2Fdec%2F06%2Fdonald-trump-us-jerusalem-israel-capital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moment-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Moment_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603214950/http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2008/2008-03/200803-Jerusalem.html">"Do We Divide the Holiest Holy City?"</a>. Moment Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2008/2008-03/200803-Jerusalem.html">the original</a> on 3 June 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moment+Magazine&rft.atitle=Do+We+Divide+the+Holiest+Holy+City%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.momentmag.com%2FExclusive%2F2008%2F2008-03%2F200803-Jerusalem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> According to Eric H. Cline's tally in Jerusalem Besieged. </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenberg-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenberg_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbergMizrachi2013" class="citation web cs1">Greenberg, Raphael; Mizrachi, Yonathan (10 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815180019/https://alt-arch.org/en/from-shiloah-to-silwan-a-visitors-guide">"From Shiloah to Silwan – A Visitor's Guide"</a>. Emek Shaveh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alt-arch.org/en/from-shiloah-to-silwan-a-visitors-guide">the original</a> on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Shiloah+to+Silwan+%E2%80%93+A+Visitor%27s+Guide&rft.pub=Emek+Shaveh&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft.au=Mizrachi%2C+Yonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falt-arch.org%2Fen%2Ffrom-shiloah-to-silwan-a-visitors-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSergi2023" class="citation book cs1">Sergi, Omer (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4nLMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA187">The Two Houses of Israel: State Formation and the Origins of Pan-Israelite Identity</a>. SBL Press. p. 197. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62837-345-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62837-345-5"><bdi>978-1-62837-345-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024041210/https://books.google.com/books?id=4nLMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA187">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Houses+of+Israel%3A+State+Formation+and+the+Origins+of+Pan-Israelite+Identity&rft.pages=197&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-62837-345-5&rft.aulast=Sergi&rft.aufirst=Omer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4nLMEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Arieh1984" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemin19thc00bena/page/14">Jerusalem in the 19th Century, The Old City</a>. Yad Izhak Ben Zvi & St. Martin's Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemin19thc00bena/page/14">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-44187-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-44187-6"><bdi>978-0-312-44187-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+the+19th+Century%2C+The+Old+City&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Yad+Izhak+Ben+Zvi+%26+St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-312-44187-6&rft.aulast=Ben-Arieh&rft.aufirst=Yehoshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjerusalemin19thc00bena%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teller-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Teller_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Teller_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeller2022" class="citation book cs1">Teller, Matthew (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SgQ3EAAAQBAJ">Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile Books</a>. p. Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0"><bdi>978-1-78283-904-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609194835/https://books.google.com/books?id=SgQ3EAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023. <q>What wasn't corrected, though - and what, in retrospect, should have raised much more controversy than it did (it seems to have passed completely unremarked for the last 170-odd years) – was <a href="/wiki/1840%E2%80%9341_Royal_Engineers_maps_of_Palestine,_Lebanon_and_Syria" title="1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria">[Aldrich and Symonds's] map's</a> labelling. Because here, newly arcing across the familiar quadrilateral of Jerusalem, are four double labels in bold capitals. At top left Haret En-Nassara and, beneath it, Christian Quarter; at bottom left Haret El-Arman and Armenian Quarter; at bottom centre Haret El-Yehud and Jews' Quarter; and at top right – the big innovation, covering perhaps half the city – Haret El-Muslimin and Mohammedan Quarter, had shown this before. Every map has shown it since. The idea, in 1841, of a Mohammedan (that is, Muslim) quarter of Jerusalem is bizarre. It's like a Catholic quarter of Rome. A Hindu quarter of Delhi. Nobody living there would conceive of the city in such a way. At that time, and for centuries before and decades after, Jerusalem was, if the term means anything at all, a Muslim city. Many people identified in other ways, but large numbers of Jerusalemites were Muslim and they lived all over the city. A Muslim quarter could only have been dreamt up by outsiders, searching for a handle on a place they barely understood, intent on asserting their own legitimacy among a hostile population, seeing what they wanted to see. Its only purpose could be to draw attention to what it excludes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nine+Quarters+of+Jerusalem%3A+A+New+Biography+of+the+Old+City&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-78283-904-0&rft.aulast=Teller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSgQ3EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148">"Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Convention. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170804093930/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+City+of+Jerusalem+and+its+Walls&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Convention&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs.gov.il_2022-18"><a href="#cite_ref-cbs.gov.il_2022_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2022/Selected-Data-on-the-Occasion-of-Jerusalem-Day-2022.aspx">"Selected Data on the Occasion of Jerusalem Day, 2022"</a>. cbs.gov.il. 26 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528121851/https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/mediarelease/Pages/2022/Selected-Data-on-the-Occasion-of-Jerusalem-Day-2022.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbs.gov.il&rft.atitle=Selected+Data+on+the+Occasion+of+Jerusalem+Day%2C+2022&rft.date=2022-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fmediarelease%2FPages%2F2022%2FSelected-Data-on-the-Occasion-of-Jerusalem-Day-2022.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-laub2006-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laub2006_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-laub2006_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaub2006" class="citation news cs1">Laub, Karin (2 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/02/AR2006120200463_pf.html">"Jerusalem Barrier Causes Major Upheaval"</a>. The Washington Post. Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407094614/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/02/AR2006120200463_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+Barrier+Causes+Major+Upheaval&rft.date=2006-12-02&rft.aulast=Laub&rft.aufirst=Karin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F12%2F02%2FAR2006120200463_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopRel-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PopRel_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopRel_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopRel_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PopRel_21-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/shnaton_C0922.pdf">"Table III/9 – Population in Israel and in Jerusalem, by Religion, 1988 – 2020"</a> (PDF). jerusaleminstitute.org.il. 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326034034/https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/shnaton_C0922.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jerusaleminstitute.org.il&rft.atitle=Table+III%2F9+%E2%80%93+Population+in+Israel+and+in+Jerusalem%2C+by+Religion%2C+1988+%E2%80%93+2020&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjerusaleminstitute.org.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F05%2Fshnaton_C0922.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPellegrino1995" class="citation book cs1">Pellegrino, Charles R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/returntosodomgom00pell/page/271">Return to Sodom & Gomorrah</a> (Second revised ed.). Harper Paperbacks. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/returntosodomgom00pell/page/271">271</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-380-72633-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-380-72633-2"><bdi>978-0-380-72633-2</bdi></a>. <q>[see footnote]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+to+Sodom+%26+Gomorrah&rft.pages=271&rft.edition=Second+revised&rft.pub=Harper+Paperbacks&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-380-72633-2&rft.aulast=Pellegrino&rft.aufirst=Charles+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freturntosodomgom00pell%2Fpage%2F271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tubb98-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Tubb98_24-0">^</a> Tubb (1998), pp. 13–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith02-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Smith02_25-0">^</a> Mark Smith in "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" states "Despite the long regnant model that the Canaanites and Israelites were people of fundamentally different culture, archaeological data now casts doubt on this view. The material culture of the region exhibits numerous common points between Israelites and Canaanites in the Iron I period (c. 1200–1000 BCE). The record would suggest that the Israelite culture largely overlapped with and derived from Canaanite culture... In short, Israelite culture was largely Canaanite in nature. Given the information available, one cannot maintain a radical cultural separation between Canaanites and Israelites for the Iron I period." (pp. 6–7). Smith, Mark (2002) "The Early History of God: Yahweh and Other Deities of Ancient Israel" (Eerdman's) </li> <li id="cite_note-1000BCE-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1000BCE_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1000BCE_26-1">b</a> Since the 10th century BCE: <ul><li>"Israel was first forged into a unified nation from Jerusalem some 3,000 years ago, when <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">King David</a> seized the crown and united the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">twelve tribes</a> from this city... For a thousand years Jerusalem was the seat of Jewish sovereignty, the household site of kings, the location of its legislative councils and courts. In exile, the Jewish nation came to be identified with the city that had been the site of its ancient capital. Jews, wherever they were, prayed for its restoration." Roger Friedland, Richard D. Hecht. To Rule Jerusalem, University of California Press, 2000, p. 8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22092-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22092-8">978-0-520-22092-8</a></li> <li>"The centrality of Jerusalem to Judaism is so strong that even secular Jews express their devotion and attachment to the city, and cannot conceive of a modern State of Israel without it.... For Jews Jerusalem is sacred simply because it exists... Though Jerusalem's sacred character goes back three millennia...". Leslie J. Hoppe. The Holy City: Jerusalem in the theology of the Old Testament, Liturgical Press, 2000, p. 6. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5081-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5081-3">978-0-8146-5081-3</a></li> <li>"Ever since King David made Jerusalem the capital of Israel 3,000 years ago, the city has played a central role in Jewish existence." Mitchell Geoffrey Bard, The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Middle East Conflict, Alpha Books, 2002, p. 330. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864410-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-864410-3">978-0-02-864410-3</a></li> <li>"Jerusalem became the center of the Jewish people some 3,000 years ago" Moshe Maoz, Sari Nusseibeh, Jerusalem: Points of Friction – And Beyond, Brill Academic Publishers, 2000, p. 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-8843-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-8843-4">978-90-411-8843-4</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130104013732/http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/Jerusalem.asp">"Basic Facts you should know: Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a>. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/jerusalem.asp">the original</a> on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2007. <q>The Jewish people are inextricably bound to the city of Jerusalem. No other city has played such a dominant role in the history, politics, culture, religion, national life and consciousness of a people as has Jerusalem in the life of Jewry and Judaism. Since King David established the city as the capital of the Jewish state circa 1000 BCE, it has served as the symbol and most profound expression of the Jewish people's identity as a nation."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anti-Defamation+League&rft.atitle=Basic+Facts+you+should+know%3A+Jerusalem&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fisrael%2Fadvocacy%2Fglossary%2Fjerusalem.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Reinoud Oosting, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=at6SOl54gqAC&pg=PA117">The Role of Zion/Jerusalem in Isaiah 40–55: A Corpus-Linguistic Approach</a>, p. 117, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> Brill 2012 pp. 117–18. <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a> 48:2; 51:1; <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a> 11:1, 18; cf. <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a> 4:17: <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> 5:24. The Isaiah section where they occur belong to deutero-Isaiah. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Shalom M. Paul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=&pg=PA306">Isaiah 40–66</a>, p. 306, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> The 'holiness' (qodesh) arises from the temple in its midst, the root <a href="/wiki/Q-D-%C5%A0" title="Q-D-Š">q-d-š</a> referring to a sanctuary. The concept is attested in Mesopotamian literature, and the epithet may serve to distinguish Babylon, the city of exiles, from the city of the Temple, to where they are enjoined to return. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolb1997" class="citation web cs1">Golb, Norman (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131011220541/http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/Jerusalem_OneCity.shtml">"Karen Armstrong's Jerusalem – One City, Three Faiths"</a>. The Bible and Interpretation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/Jerusalem_OneCity.shtml">the original</a> on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013. <q>The available texts of antiquity indicate that the concept was created by one or more personalities among the Jewish spiritual leadership, and that this occurred no later than the 6th century B.C.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karen+Armstrong%27s+Jerusalem+%E2%80%93+One+City%2C+Three+Faiths&rft.pub=The+Bible+and+Interpretation&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Golb&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibleinterp.com%2Farticles%2FJerusalem_OneCity.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-31"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_31-0">^</a> Isaiah 52:1 πόλις ἡ ἁγία. </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-32"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_32-0">^</a> Joseph T. Lienhard, The Bible, the Church, and Authority: The Canon of the Christian Bible in History and Theology, Liturgical Press, 1995 pp. 65–66: 'The Septuagint is a Jewish translation and was also used in the synagogue. But at the end of the first century C.E. many Jews ceased to use the Septuagint because the early Christians had adopted it as their own translation, and it began to be considered a Christian translation.' </li> <li id="cite_note-3rd-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-3rd_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-3rd_33-1">b</a> Third-holiest city in Islam: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsposito2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Esposito" title="John Esposito">Esposito, John L.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo">What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam</a>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo/page/n178">157</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515713-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515713-0"><bdi>978-0-19-515713-0</bdi></a>. <q>The Night Journey made Jerusalem the third holiest city in Islam</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know+about+Islam&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515713-0&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhateveryoneneed00espo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2000" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Leon Carl (2000). "Setting the Stage: Islam and Muslims". Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics. Columbia University Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12038-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12038-8"><bdi>978-0-231-12038-8</bdi></a>. <q>The third holiest city of Islam—Jerusalem—is also very much in the center...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Setting+the+Stage%3A+Islam+and+Muslims&rft.btitle=Religion+and+State%3A+The+Muslim+Approach+to+Politics&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12038-8&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Leon+Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoppe2000" class="citation book cs1">Hoppe, Leslie J. (2000). The Holy City: Jerusalem in the Theology of the Old Testament. Michael Glazier Books. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5081-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5081-3"><bdi>978-0-8146-5081-3</bdi></a>. <q>Jerusalem has always enjoyed a prominent place in Islam. Jerusalem is often referred to as the third holiest city in Islam...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+City%3A+Jerusalem+in+the+Theology+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Michael+Glazier+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5081-3&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=Leslie+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Middle East peace plans by Willard A. Beling: "The Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount is the third holiest site in Sunni Islam after Mecca and Medina". </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-35"><a href="#cite_ref-:7_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisHoltLambton1986" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Bernard; Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann, eds. (1986). Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Islam&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-36"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_36-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/17?startingVerse=1">17:1–3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Buchanan" title="Allen Buchanan">Buchanan, Allen</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bntCSupRlO4C&pg=PA192">States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52575-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52575-6"><bdi>978-0-521-52575-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States%2C+Nations%2C+and+Borders%3A+The+Ethics+of+Making+Boundaries&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52575-6&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbntCSupRlO4C%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKollek1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Kollek" title="Teddy Kollek">Kollek, Teddy</a> (1977). "Afterword". In John Phillips (ed.). A Will to Survive – Israel: the Faces of the Terror 1948-the Faces of Hope Today. Dial Press/James Wade. <q>about 91 hectares (225 acres)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Afterword&rft.btitle=A+Will+to+Survive+%E2%80%93+Israel%3A+the+Faces+of+the+Terror+1948-the+Faces+of+Hope+Today&rft.pub=Dial+Press%2FJames+Wade&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Kollek&rft.aufirst=Teddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Walid Khalidi (1996) Islam, the West and Jerusalem. Center for Contemporary Arab Studies & Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding, Georgetown University, quotes the breakdown as follows: West Jerusalem in 1948: 16,261 dunums (14%); West Jerusalem added in 1967: 23,000 dunums (20%); East Jerusalem under Jordanian rule: 6,000 dunums (5%); West Bank area annexed and incorporated into East Jerusalem by Israel: 67,000 dunums (61%) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAronson1995" class="citation journal cs1">Aronson, Geoffrey (1995). "Settlement Monitor: Quarterly Update on Developments". Journal of Palestine Studies. 25 (1). University of California Press, Institute for Palestine Studies: 131–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538120">10.2307/2538120</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X">0377-919X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538120">2538120</a>. <q>West Jerusalem: 35%; East Jerusalem under Jordanian rule: 4%; West Bank area annexed and incorporated into East Jerusalem by Israel: 59%</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Settlement+Monitor%3A+Quarterly+Update+on+Developments&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=131-40&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538120%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538120&rft.aulast=Aronson&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benvenisti1976-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Benvenisti1976_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenvenisti1976" class="citation book cs1">Benvenisti, Meron (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wQjwAQAACAAJ">Jerusalem, the Torn City</a>. Books on Demand. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7837-2978-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7837-2978-7"><bdi>978-0-7837-2978-7</bdi></a>. <q>East Jerusalem under Jordanian rule: 6,000 dunums; West Bank area annexed and incorporated into East Jerusalem by Israel: 67,000</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%2C+the+Torn+City&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Books+on+Demand&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-7837-2978-7&rft.aulast=Benvenisti&rft.aufirst=Meron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwQjwAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130819003928/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument">"Resolution 298 September 25, 1971"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 25 September 1971. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2018. <q>Recalling its resolutions... concerning measures and actions by Israel designed to change the status of the Israeli-occupied section of Jerusalem,...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+298+September+25%2C+1971&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1971-09-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Funispal.nsf%2F0%2F441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102228/https://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf">"The status of Jerusalem"</a> (PDF). The Question of Palestine & the United Nations. United Nations Department of Public Information. 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2019. <q>East Jerusalem has been considered, by both the General Assembly and the Security Council, as part of the occupied Palestinian territory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+status+of+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=The+Question+of+Palestine+%26+the+United+Nations&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Public+Information&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Fdpi%2Fpalestine%2Fch12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538791.stm">"Israeli authorities back 600 new East Jerusalem homes"</a>. BBC News. 26 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140111/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538791.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israeli+authorities+back+600+new+East+Jerusalem+homes&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8538791.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11709617">"Israel plans 1,300 East Jerusalem Jewish settler homes"</a>. BBC News. 9 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119213308/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11709617">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018. <q>East Jerusalem is regarded as occupied Palestinian territory by the international community, but Israel says it is part of its territory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel+plans+1%2C300+East+Jerusalem+Jewish+settler+homes&rft.date=2010-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-11709617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> Meir Ben-Dov, Historical Atlas of Jerusalem, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-Binz-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Binz_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Binz_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinz2005" class="citation book cs1">Binz, Stephen J. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7zLuDlzdTFYC&pg=PA1">Jerusalem, the Holy City</a>. Connecticut: Twenty-Third Publications. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58595-365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58595-365-3"><bdi>978-1-58595-365-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%2C+the+Holy+City&rft.place=Connecticut&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Twenty-Third+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58595-365-3&rft.aulast=Binz&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7zLuDlzdTFYC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> G. Johannes Bottereck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Josef Fabry, (eds.) Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, tr. David E. Green, vol. XV, pp. 48–49 William B. Eeerdmanns Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan/Cambridge UK 2006, pp. 45–46 </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElon1996" class="citation book cs1">Elon, Amos (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030310223636/http://www.usna.edu/Users/history/tucker/hh362/TelAvivandJerusalem.HTM">Jerusalem</a>. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-637531-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-637531-9"><bdi>978-0-00-637531-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usna.edu/Users/history/tucker/hh362/TelAvivandJerusalem.HTM">the original</a> on 10 March 2003. Retrieved 26 April 2007. <q>The epithet may have originated in the ancient name of Jerusalem–Salem (after the pagan deity of the city), which is etymologically connected in the Semitic languages with the words for peace (shalom in Hebrew, salam in Arabic).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-00-637531-9&rft.aulast=Elon&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usna.edu%2FUsers%2Fhistory%2Ftucker%2Fhh362%2FTelAvivandJerusalem.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Ringgren, H., Die Religionen des Alten Orients (Göttingen, 1979), 212. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hastings-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Hastings_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastings2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Hastings" title="James Hastings">Hastings, James</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0wvtFPz03GsC&pg=PA584">A Dictionary of the Bible: Volume II: (Part II: I – Kinsman), Volume 2</a>. Honolulu, Hawaii: Reprinted from 1898 edition by University Press of the Pacific. p. 584. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4102-1725-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4102-1725-7"><bdi>978-1-4102-1725-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+the+Bible%3A+Volume+II%3A+%28Part+II%3A+I+%E2%80%93+Kinsman%29%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pages=584&rft.pub=Reprinted+from+1898+edition+by+University+Press+of+the+Pacific&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4102-1725-7&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0wvtFPz03GsC%26pg%3DPA584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosworth-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Edmund_Bosworth" title="Clifford Edmund Bosworth">Bosworth, Clifford Edmund</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA226">Historic cities of the Islamic world</a>. The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV. pp. 225–226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15388-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-15388-2"><bdi>978-90-04-15388-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218083731/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&pg=PA226">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+cities+of+the+Islamic+world&rft.place=The+Netherlands&rft.pages=225-226&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15388-2&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Clifford+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUB4uSVt3ulUC%26pg%3DPA226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeGarmo-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeGarmo_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeGarmo_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenise_DeGarmo2011" class="citation web cs1">Denise DeGarmo (9 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426042313/http://centre4conflictstudies.org/wanderingthoughts/category/denise-degarmo/">"Abode of Peace?"</a>. Wandering Thoughts. Center for Conflict Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centre4conflictstudies.org/wanderingthoughts/category/denise-degarmo/">the original</a> on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wandering+Thoughts&rft.atitle=Abode+of+Peace%3F&rft.date=2011-09-09&rft.au=Denise+DeGarmo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentre4conflictstudies.org%2Fwanderingthoughts%2Fcategory%2Fdenise-degarmo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> Marten H. Wouldstra, The Book of Joshua, William B. Eerdmanns Co. Grand Rapids, Michigan (1981) 1995, p. 169 n.2 </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1968" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, Francis Edward (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5sC2pJYlzbsC&pg=PA183">Millennium: a Latin reader, A</a>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CO4LE">B0000CO4LE</a>. Retrieved 17 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millennium%3A+a+Latin+reader%2C+A&rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0000CO4LE%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Francis+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5sC2pJYlzbsC%26pg%3DPA183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallace1977" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, Edwin Sherman (August 1977). Jerusalem the Holy. New York: Arno Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-10298-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-10298-1"><bdi>978-0-405-10298-1</bdi></a>. <q>A similar view was held by those who give the Hebrew dual to the word</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+the+Holy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Arno+Press&rft.date=1977-08&rft.isbn=978-0-405-10298-1&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Sherman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1907" class="citation book cs1">Smith, George Adam (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924083674295">Jerusalem: The Topography, Economics and History from the Earliest Times to A.D. 70</a>. Hodder and Stoughton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924083674295/page/n298">251</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7905-2935-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7905-2935-6"><bdi>978-0-7905-2935-6</bdi></a>. <q>The termination -aim or -ayim used to be taken as the ordinary termination of the dual of nouns, and was explained as signifying the upper and lower cities</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%3A+The+Topography%2C+Economics+and+History+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+A.D.+70&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1907&rft.isbn=978-0-7905-2935-6&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924083674295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> (see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf4QAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA251">Jerusalem: The Topography, Economics and History from the Earliest Times to A.D. 70, Volume 1</a>, p. 251, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Sethe, Kurt (1926) "Die Ächtung feindlicher Fürsten, Völker und Dinge auf altägyptischen Tongefäßscherben des Mittleren Reiches nach den Originalen im Berliner Museum herausgegeben und erklärt" in Abhandlungen der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1926 issue, philosophisch-historische Klasse, number 5, page 53 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoch1994" class="citation book cs1">Hoch, James E (1994). Semitic Words in Egyptian Texts of the New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. Princeton: Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Semitic+Words+in+Egyptian+Texts+of+the+New+Kingdom+and+Third+Intermediate+Period&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Hoch&rft.aufirst=James+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Noel_FreedmanAllen_C._MyersAstrid_B._Beck2000" class="citation book cs1">David Noel Freedman; Allen C. Myers; Astrid B. Beck (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC">Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 694–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2400-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2400-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2400-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230218083747/https://books.google.com/books?id=P9sYIRXZZ2MC">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=694-95&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4&rft.au=David+Noel+Freedman&rft.au=Allen+C.+Myers&rft.au=Astrid+B.+Beck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP9sYIRXZZ2MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> G. Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren (eds.) Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, (tr. David E. Green) William B. Eerdmann, Grand Rapids Michigan, Cambridge, UK 1990, Vol. VI, p. 348 </li> <li id="cite_note-vaughn-63"><a href="#cite_ref-vaughn_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn,_Andrew_G.Ann_E._Killebrew2003" class="citation book cs1">Vaughn, Andrew G.; Ann E. Killebrew (1 August 2003). "Jerusalem at the Time of the United Monarchy". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yYS4VEu08h4C">Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: the First Temple Period</a>. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. pp. 32–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-066-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-066-0"><bdi>978-1-58983-066-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701140948/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYS4VEu08h4C">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+at+the+Time+of+the+United+Monarchy&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+Bible+and+Archaeology%3A+the+First+Temple+Period&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-066-0&rft.au=Vaughn%2C+Andrew+G.&rft.au=Ann+E.+Killebrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyYS4VEu08h4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalem1997" class="citation web cs1">Shalem, Yisrael (3 March 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070117203409/http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_2.html">"History of Jerusalem from its Beginning to David"</a>. Jerusalem: Life Throughout the Ages in a Holy City. Bar-Ilan University, Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biu.ac.il/JS/rennert/history_2.html">the original</a> on 17 January 2007. Retrieved 18 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem%3A+Life+Throughout+the+Ages+in+a+Holy+City&rft.atitle=History+of+Jerusalem+from+its+Beginning+to+David&rft.date=1997-03-03&rft.aulast=Shalem&rft.aufirst=Yisrael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FJS%2Frennert%2Fhistory_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/semitic/EA263-end.html">"The El Amarna Letters from Canaan"</a>. TAU.ac.il. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130214052256/http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/semitic/EA263-end.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+El+Amarna+Letters+from+Canaan&rft.pub=TAU.ac.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tau.ac.il%2Fhumanities%2Fsemitic%2FEA263-end.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> Ginzberg, Louis (1909). <a href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Jews" title="Legends of the Jews">The Legends of the Jews</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf">Volume I: The Akedah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313050820/http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends">Archived</a> 13 March 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Writing, Literacy, and Textual Transmission: The Production of Literary by Jessica N. Whisenant p. 323 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> King Manasseh and Child Sacrifice: Biblical Distortions of Historical Realities by Francesca Stavrakopoulou p. 98 </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Oral World and Written Word: Ancient Israelite Literature by Susan Niditch p. 48 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> The Mountain of the Lord by Benyamin Mazar p. 60 </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Blessing and Curse in Syro-Palestinian Inscriptions by T. G Crawford p. 137 </li> <li id="cite_note-Naveh2001-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Naveh2001_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Naveh2001" class="citation journal cs1">Joseph Naveh (2001). "Hebrew Graffiti from the First Temple Period". Israel Exploration Journal. 51 (2): 194–207.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=Hebrew+Graffiti+from+the+First+Temple+Period&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=194-207&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Joseph+Naveh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Discovering the World of the Bible by LaMar C. Berrett p. 178 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> Ahituv, S., Klein, E. and Ganor, A. 2016. To Jerusalem: A Seventh Century BCE Shipping Certificate. In: Stiebel, G.D., Uziel, J., Citryn-Silverman, K., Re’em, A. and Gadot, Y., eds. New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and Its Region 10: 239–251 (In Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-Baruch-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baruch_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baruch_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaruch,_YuvalLevi,_DanitReich,_Ronny2020" class="citation journal cs1">Baruch, Yuval; Levi, Danit; <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Reich" title="Ronny Reich">Reich, Ronny</a> (2020). "The Name Jerusalem in a Late Second Temple Period Jewish Inscription". Tel Aviv. 47 (1): 108–18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03344355.2020.1707452">10.1080/03344355.2020.1707452</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219879544">219879544</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.atitle=The+Name+Jerusalem+in+a+Late+Second+Temple+Period+Jewish+Inscription&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108-18&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03344355.2020.1707452&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219879544%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Baruch%2C+Yuval&rft.au=Levi%2C+Danit&rft.au=Reich%2C+Ronny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Judges%2019:10&version=nrsv">Judges 19:10</a>: יְב֔וּס הִ֖יא יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם: "Jebus, it [is] Jerusalem" </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/k/kjv/kjv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=1012257">"Bible, King James Version"</a>. umich.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211102731/http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/k/kjv/kjv-idx?type=DIV1&byte=1012257">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=umich.edu&rft.atitle=Bible%2C+King+James+Version&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Fk%2Fkjv%2Fkjv-idx%3Ftype%3DDIV1%26byte%3D1012257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gagrinp113-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Gagrinp113_78-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lNV6-HsUppsC&pg=PA113">The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Greece and Rome, Volume 1</a>, p. 113, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, p. 113 </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+5:7,9&version=NRSV">2 Samuel 5:7,9</a>. Cited in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein,_IsraelMazar,_Amihai2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Finkelstein, Israel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Mazar, Amihai</a> (2007). Brian B. Schmidt (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jpbngoKHg8gC&pg=PA177">The Quest for the Historical Israel: Debating Archaeology and the History of Early Israel</a>. Society of Biblical Literature. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-277-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-277-0"><bdi>978-1-58983-277-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230706081119/https://books.google.com/books?id=jpbngoKHg8gC&pg=PA177">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quest+for+the+Historical+Israel%3A+Debating+Archaeology+and+the+History+of+Early+Israel&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-277-0&rft.au=Finkelstein%2C+Israel&rft.au=Mazar%2C+Amihai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjpbngoKHg8gC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-Kochva2002" class="citation book cs1">Bar-Kochva, Bezalel (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SIKuW_bl6LAC&pg=PA447">Judas Maccabeus: The Jewish Struggle Against the Seleucids</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 447. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01683-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-01683-4"><bdi>978-0-521-01683-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judas+Maccabeus%3A+The+Jewish+Struggle+Against+the+Seleucids&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=447&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01683-4&rft.aulast=Bar-Kochva&rft.aufirst=Bezalel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSIKuW_bl6LAC%26pg%3DPA447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2002" class="citation book cs1">Mazar, Eilat (2002). The Complete Guide to the Temple Mount Excavations. Jerusalem: Shoham Academic Research and Publication. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-90299-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-965-90299-1-4"><bdi>978-965-90299-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+the+Temple+Mount+Excavations&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Shoham+Academic+Research+and+Publication&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-965-90299-1-4&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Eilat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hierosolyma-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hierosolyma_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hierosolyma_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hierosolyma_82-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenk2011" class="citation journal cs1">Brenk, Frederick E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41416798">""Hierosolyma". The Greek Name of Jerusalem"</a>. Glotta. 87 (1–4): 1–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13109%2Fglot.2011.87.14.1">10.13109/glot.2011.87.14.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-1298">0017-1298</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41416798">41416798</a>. Retrieved 7 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Glotta&rft.atitle=%22Hierosolyma%22.+The+Greek+Name+of+Jerusalem&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=1-22&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0017-1298&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41416798%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13109%2Fglot.2011.87.14.1&rft.aulast=Brenk&rft.aufirst=Frederick+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41416798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2014:18&version=nrsv">Genesis 14:18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> For example: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjubileesor00char/page/178/mode/1up">30:1</a>. <ul><li>(See: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjubileesor00char/page/n7/mode/2up">The text translated</a> by R.H. Charles, with introduction and notes – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles1902" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjubileesor00char/page/n7/mode/2up">The book of Jubilees, or The little Genesis</a>. London: A. & C. Black. 1902. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bookofjubileesor00char/page/178/mode/1up">p. 178: Chapter 30, verse 1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+of+Jubilees%2C+or+The+little+Genesis&rft.place=London&rft.pages=p.+178%3A+Chapter+30%2C+verse+1&rft.pub=A.+%26+C.+Black&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbookofjubileesor00char%2Fpage%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Jeremiah%2048:5&version=nrsv">Jer 48:5</a> (as Συχὲμ Sukhèm)</li> <li>and possibly the Masoretic text of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2033:18&version=nrsv">Genesis 33:18</a> (see KJV and the margin translation of the Revised Version).</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> E.g., the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> versions. J.A. Emerton, "The site of Salem: the City of Melchizedek (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2018&version=nrsv">Genesis xiv 18</a>)," pp. 45–72 of Studies in the Pentateuch ed. by J.A. Emerton, vol. 41 of Supplements to Vetus Testamentum (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1990) ("Emerton"), p. 45. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=John%203:23&version=nrsv">John 3:23</a> where "Salim" or "Sylem" (Συχὲμ) is said to be near <a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Ænon</a>, thought to be in the valley of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ebal" title="Mount Ebal">Mount Ebal</a>, one of two mountains in the vicinity of Nablus. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Targum_Onkelos" title="Targum Onkelos">Onklelos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Jonathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudo-Jonathan">Pseudo-Jonathan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Targum_Neofiti" title="Targum Neofiti">Neofiti I</a>. Emerton, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%2012:6–7&version=nrsv">Genesis 12:6–7</a> (where Abram built an altar), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+33:18–20,+Deuteronomy+11:29+&+28:11,+Joshua+8:33,+1+Kings+12&version=NRSV">Genesis 33:18–20, Deuteronomy 11:29 & 28:11, Joshua 8:33, 1 Kings 12</a>. Emerton, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Paul Winter, "Note on Salem – Jerusalem", Novum Testamentum, vol. 2, pp. 151–152 (1957). </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond_Hayward" class="citation web cs1">Raymond Hayward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.templestudiesgroup.com/Papers/Robert_Hayward.pdf">"Melchizedek as Priest of the Jerusalem Temple in Talmud, Midrash, and Targum"</a> (PDF). The Temple Studies Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903233953/http://www.templestudiesgroup.com/Papers/Robert_Hayward.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Melchizedek+as+Priest+of+the+Jerusalem+Temple+in+Talmud%2C+Midrash%2C+and+Targum&rft.pub=The+Temple+Studies+Group&rft.au=Raymond+Hayward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.templestudiesgroup.com%2FPapers%2FRobert_Hayward.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=%EF%BB%B3%EF%BA%B8%EF%BB%AE%EF%BB%89%2010%3A1&version=NAV">"Bible Gateway passage: ﻳﺸﻮﻉ 10:1 - Ketab El Hayat"</a>. Bible Gateway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231229075025/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=%EF%BB%B3%EF%BA%B8%EF%BB%AE%EF%BB%89%2010:1&version=NAV">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=Bible+Gateway+passage%3A+%EF%BB%B3%EF%BA%B8%EF%BB%AE%EF%BB%89+10%3A1+-+Ketab+El+Hayat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D%25EF%25BB%25B3%25EF%25BA%25B8%25EF%25BB%25AE%25EF%25BB%2589%252010%253A1%26version%3DNAV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bible.com/ar/bible/67/ACT.1.12.%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9">أعمال الرسل 12:1 فرَجَعَ الرّسُلُ إلى أُورُشليمَ مِنَ الجبَلِ الذي يُقالُ لَه جبَلُ الزّيتونِ، وهوَ قَريبٌ مِنْ أُورُشليمَ على مَسيرةِ سَبتٍ مِنها. | الترجمة العربية المشتركة (المشتركة) | Download The Bible App Now</a> (in Arabic). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231229075025/https://www.bible.com/ar/bible/67/ACT.1.12.%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B4%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%84+12%3A1+%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%AC%D9%8E%D8%B9%D9%8E+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%91%D8%B3%D9%8F%D9%84%D9%8F+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A3%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8F%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8E+%D9%85%D9%90%D9%86%D9%8E+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%90+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D9%8F%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8F+%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%87+%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%91%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%90%D8%8C+%D9%88%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8E+%D9%82%D9%8E%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8C+%D9%85%D9%90%D9%86%D9%92+%D8%A3%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8F%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8E+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9%D9%90+%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%8D+%D9%85%D9%90%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7.+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%28%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9%29+%7C+Download+The+Bible+App+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible.com%2Far%2Fbible%2F67%2FACT.1.12.%2525D8%2525A7%2525D9%252584%2525D9%252585%2525D8%2525B4%2525D8%2525AA%2525D8%2525B1%2525D9%252583%2525D8%2525A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427222723/http://www.hotzvim.org.il/SiteFiles/1/35/901.asp">"The Official Website of Jerusalem"</a>. Municipality of Jerusalem. 19 September 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/defaultnew.asp?lng=3">the original</a> on 27 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Website+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Municipality+of+Jerusalem&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalem.muni.il%2Fjer_main%2Fdefaultnew.asp%3Flng%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonbol1996" class="citation book cs1">Sonbol, Amira (1996). Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History. p. 133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+the+Family%2C+and+Divorce+Laws+in+Islamic+History&rft.pages=133&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Sonbol&rft.aufirst=Amira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Jerusalem as administrative capital of the British Mandate: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrfali1995" class="citation book cs1">Orfali, Jacob G. (1995). Everywhere You Go, People Are the Same. Ronin Publishing. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-914171-75-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-914171-75-1"><bdi>978-0-914171-75-1</bdi></a>. <q>In the year 1923, [Jerusalem] became the capital of the British Mandate in Palestine</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everywhere+You+Go%2C+People+Are+the+Same&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Ronin+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-914171-75-1&rft.aulast=Orfali&rft.aufirst=Jacob+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOren-NordheimRuth_Kark2001" class="citation book cs1">Oren-Nordheim, Michael; Ruth Kark (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216063555/http://sachlav.huji.ac.il/mskark/">Ruth Kark</a>. Wayne State University Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2909-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2909-2"><bdi>978-0-8143-2909-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sachlav.huji.ac.il/mskark/">the original</a> on 16 December 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2007. <q>The three decades of British rule in Palestine (1917/18–1948) were a highly significant phase in the development, with indelible effects on the urban planning and development of the capital – Jerusalem.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruth+Kark&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2909-2&rft.aulast=Oren-Nordheim&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Ruth+Kark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsachlav.huji.ac.il%2Fmskark%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> is a professor in the Department of Geography at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumper1996" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael (1996). The Politics of Jerusalem Since 1967. Columbia University Press. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10640-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10640-5"><bdi>978-0-231-10640-5</bdi></a>. <q>the city that was to become the administrative capital of Mandate Palestine...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Jerusalem+Since+1967&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10640-5&rft.aulast=Dumper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDore_Gold" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dore_Gold" title="Dore Gold">Dore Gold</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/jcprg10.htm">"Jerusalem in International Diplomacy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121028044557/http://www.jcpa.org/jcprg10.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+International+Diplomacy&rft.au=Dore+Gold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org%2Fjcprg10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101217143302/http://jerusalemites.org/jerusalem/cultural_dimensions/3.htm">"The New Orient House: A History of Palestinian Hospitality"</a>. jerusalemites.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalemites.org/jerusalem/cultural_dimensions/3.htm">the original</a> on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Orient+House%3A+A+History+of+Palestinian+Hospitality&rft.pub=jerusalemites.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalemites.org%2Fjerusalem%2Fcultural_dimensions%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2001" class="citation book cs1">Klein, Menachem (2001). "The PLO and the Palestinian Identity of East Jerusalem". Jerusalem: The Future of a Contested City. New York University Press. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4754-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-4754-4"><bdi>978-0-8147-4754-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+PLO+and+the+Palestinian+Identity+of+East+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%3A+The+Future+of+a+Contested+City&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-4754-4&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Menachem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-umd-98"><a href="#cite_ref-umd_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegal1997" class="citation web cs1">Segal, Jerome M. (Fall 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060514191731/http://www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/negotiating_jerusalem.htm">"Negotiating Jerusalem"</a>. The University of Maryland School of Public Policy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publicpolicy.umd.edu/IPPP/Fall97Report/negotiating_jerusalem.htm">the original</a> on 14 May 2006. Retrieved 25 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Negotiating+Jerusalem&rft.pub=The+University+of+Maryland+School+of+Public+Policy&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.aufirst=Jerome+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicpolicy.umd.edu%2FIPPP%2FFall97Report%2Fnegotiating_jerusalem.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMøller,_Bjørn2002" class="citation web cs1">Møller, Bjørn (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040106192631/http://shop.ceps.be/downfree.php?item_id=171">"A Cooperative Structure for Israeli–Palestinian Relations: Working Paper No. 1"</a>. Centre for European Policy Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop.ceps.be/downfree.php?item_id=171">the original</a> on 6 January 2004. Retrieved 16 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+for+European+Policy+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Cooperative+Structure+for+Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian+Relations%3A+Working+Paper+No.+1&rft.date=2002-11&rft.au=M%C3%B8ller%2C+Bj%C3%B8rn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshop.ceps.be%2Fdownfree.php%3Fitem_id%3D171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/No-agreement-without-a-Palestinian-capital-in-Jerusalem-Mahmoud-Abbas-/articleshow/6030905.cms">"No agreement without a Palestinian capital in Jerusalem: Mahmoud Abbas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 10 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811100537/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-10/middle-east/28287403_1_solution-palestinian-capital-east-jerusalem">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=No+agreement+without+a+Palestinian+capital+in+Jerusalem%3A+Mahmoud+Abbas&rft.date=2010-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2FNo-agreement-without-a-Palestinian-capital-in-Jerusalem-Mahmoud-Abbas-%2Farticleshow%2F6030905.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Bard, Mitchell G. Will Israel Survive? </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/the-controversial-sovereignty-over-the-city-of-jerusalem">The Controversial Sovereignty over the City of Jerusalem (22 June 2015, The National Catholic Reporter)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121191334/https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/the-controversial-sovereignty-over-the-city-of-jerusalem">Archived</a> 21 November 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "No U.S. president has ever officially acknowledged Israeli sovereignty over any part of Jerusalem (...) The refusal to recognize Jerusalem as Israeli territory is a near universal policy among Western nations." </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42218042">Jerusalem: Opposition to mooted Trump Israel announcement grows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806054724/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42218042">Archived</a> 6 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem has never been recognised internationally" </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Whither Jerusalem (Lapidot) page 17: "Israeli control in west Jerusalem since 1948 was illegal and most states have not recognized its sovereignty there" </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a> states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the government, home to the President's residence, government offices, supreme court, and <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">parliament</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a> (20 August 1980; 14–0, U.S. abstaining) declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem (see <a href="#CITEREFKellerman1993">Kellerman 1993</a>, p. 140). See <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a> for more information. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> "UN General Assembly Resolution 181 recommended the creation of an international zonea, or corpus separatum, in Jerusalem to be administered by the UN for a 10-year period, after which there would be referendum to determine its future. This approach applies equally to West and East Jerusalem and is not affected by the occupation of East jerusalem in 1967. To a large extent it is this approach that still guides the diplomatic behaviour of states and thus has greater force in international law" (Susan M. Akram, Michael Dumper, Michael Lynk, Iain Scobbie (eds.), International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Rights-Based Approach to Middle East Peace, Routledge, 2010 p.119. ) </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTzippe_Barrow2010" class="citation web cs1">Tzippe Barrow (25 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2010/October/Bill-to-Grant-Jerusalem-Priority-Status/">"Bill to Grant Jerusalem Priority Status – Inside Israel – CBN News – Christian News 24–7"</a>. CBN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904135513/http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2010/October/Bill-to-Grant-Jerusalem-Priority-Status/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+to+Grant+Jerusalem+Priority+Status+%E2%80%93+Inside+Israel+%E2%80%93+CBN+News+%E2%80%93+Christian+News+24%E2%80%937&rft.pub=CBN.com&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.au=Tzippe+Barrow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbn.com%2Fcbnnews%2Finsideisrael%2F2010%2FOctober%2FBill-to-Grant-Jerusalem-Priority-Status%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/10/AR2007021001571.html">"Jewish Inroads in Muslim Quarter: Settlers' Project to Alter Skyline of Jerusalem's Old City"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170402175606/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/10/AR2007021001571.html">Archived</a> 2 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Washington Post Foreign Service, 11 February 2007; p. A01 </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeid2007" class="citation news cs1">Seid, Mike (25 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=79635">"Western Wall was never part of temple"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. Retrieved 9 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Western+Wall+was+never+part+of+temple&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft.aulast=Seid&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D79635&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930193650/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/14529">"Camp David: An Exchange"</a>. The New York Review of Books. 20 September 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/14529">the original</a> on 30 September 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Camp+David%3A+An+Exchange&rft.date=2001-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F14529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PalestinianPosition-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PalestinianPosition_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PalestinianPosition_111-1">b</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a> of 1988, Jerusalem is stated to be the capital of the State of Palestine. In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> passed the Palestinian Basic Law (ratified by Chairman <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> in 2002), designating the city as such. Article 3: "Jerusalem is the capital of Palestine." See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">2003 Amended Basic Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211183132/http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">Archived</a> 11 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 June 2013; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200210/06/eng20021006_104530.shtml">Arafat Signs Law Making Jerusalem Palestinian Capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140930185347/http://english.people.com.cn/200210/06/eng20021006_104530.shtml">Archived</a> 30 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, People's Daily, published 6 October 2002; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2302961.stm">Arafat names Jerusalem as capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150916221206/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2302961.stm">Archived</a> 16 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News, published 6 October 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-Amirav01a-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Amirav01a_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoshe_Amirav2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Amirav" title="Moshe Amirav">Moshe Amirav</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IH9l4fUKZ_MC&pg=PA28">Jerusalem Syndrome: The Palestinian-Israeli Battle for the Holy City</a>. Sussex Academic Press. pp. 28–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-347-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84519-347-8"><bdi>978-1-84519-347-8</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Syndrome%3A+The+Palestinian-Israeli+Battle+for+the+Holy+City&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84519-347-8&rft.au=Moshe+Amirav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIH9l4fUKZ_MC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazaroff2014" class="citation news cs1">Lazaroff, Tovah (28 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Netanyahu-47-years-ago-Jerusalem-was-reunited-and-thats-how-it-will-stay-354589">"Netanyahu: 'Jerusalem is the heart of the nation. We'll never divide our heart.'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614120759/https://www.jpost.com/National-News/Netanyahu-47-years-ago-Jerusalem-was-reunited-and-thats-how-it-will-stay-354589">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Netanyahu%3A+%27Jerusalem+is+the+heart+of+the+nation.+We%27ll+never+divide+our+heart.%27&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft.aulast=Lazaroff&rft.aufirst=Tovah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FNational-News%2FNetanyahu-47-years-ago-Jerusalem-was-reunited-and-thats-how-it-will-stay-354589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Post-poll-72-percent-of-Jewish-Israelis-view-Jlem-as-divided-315490">Poll: 72% of Jewish Israelis view J'lem as divided</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016001058/http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Post-poll-72-percent-of-Jewish-Israelis-view-Jlem-as-divided-315490">Archived</a> 16 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Jerusalem Post 5 June 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenhorin1995" class="citation news cs1">Benhorin, Yitzhak (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4013000,00.html">"Poll: Jerusalem Arabs prefer Israel"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006161751/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4013000,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+Jerusalem+Arabs+prefer+Israel&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Benhorin&rft.aufirst=Yitzhak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4013000%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BGurion-116"><a href="#cite_ref-BGurion_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Gurion1949" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion, David</a> (5 December 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/docs/eng/bengurion-jer.htm">"Statements of the Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion Regarding Moving the Capital of Israel to Jerusalem"</a>. The Knesset. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190523152628/http://www.knesset.gov.il/docs/eng/bengurion-jer.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statements+of+the+Prime+Minister+David+Ben-Gurion+Regarding+Moving+the+Capital+of+Israel+to+Jerusalem&rft.pub=The+Knesset&rft.date=1949-12-05&rft.aulast=Ben-Gurion&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Fdocs%2Feng%2Fbengurion-jer.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903233952/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105%3AH.R.4181.IH%3A">"Jerusalem and Berlin Embassy Relocation Act of 1998"</a>. The Library of Congress. 25 June 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105:H.R.4181.IH:">the original</a> on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+and+Berlin+Embassy+Relocation+Act+of+1998&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1998-06-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fz%3Fc105%3AH.R.4181.IH%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTA-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JTA_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JTA_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/1950/01/25/archive/knesset-proclaims-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-mapam-and-herut-abstain-from-voting">"Knesset Proclaims Jerusalem As Israel's Capital; Mapam and Herut Abstain from Voting"</a>. 25 January 1950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003004818/https://www.jta.org/1950/01/25/archive/knesset-proclaims-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-mapam-and-herut-abstain-from-voting">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knesset+Proclaims+Jerusalem+As+Israel%27s+Capital%3B+Mapam+and+Herut+Abstain+from+Voting&rft.date=1950-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1950%2F01%2F25%2Farchive%2Fknesset-proclaims-jerusalem-as-israels-capital-mapam-and-herut-abstain-from-voting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-basiclaw-119"><a href="#cite_ref-basiclaw_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208165053/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">"Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 30 July 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1980_1989/Basic%20Law-%20Jerusalem-%20Capital%20of%20Israel">the original</a> on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Basic+Law%3A+Jerusalem%2C+Capital+of+Israel&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=1980-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1980_1989%2FBasic%2520Law-%2520Jerusalem-%2520Capital%2520of%2520Israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205073441/http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/399/71/IMG/NR039971.pdf?OpenElement">"Resolution 478 (1980)"</a> (PDF). United Nations. 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/399/71/IMG/NR039971.pdf?OpenElement">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 February 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+478+%281980%29&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaccessdds.un.org%2Fdoc%2FRESOLUTION%2FGEN%2FNR0%2F399%2F71%2FIMG%2FNR039971.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> Mosheh ʻAmirav, Jerusalem Syndrome: The Palestinian-Israeli Battle for the Holy City, Sussex University Press, 2009 p. 27: 'In the summer of 2006, these two countries also announced the adoption of a new policy whereby they would no longer recognize Israel's sovereignty in Jerusalem, and transferred their embassies out of the city'. </li> <li id="cite_note-embassies-122"><a href="#cite_ref-embassies_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.co.il/Embassies.php">"Embassies and Consulates in Israel"</a>. Israel Science and Technology Homepage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170724111910/http://www.science.co.il/Embassies.php">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Embassies+and+Consulates+in+Israel&rft.pub=Israel+Science+and+Technology+Homepage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.co.il%2FEmbassies.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20180503-guatemala-embassy-in-israel-opens-in-jerusalem/">"Guatemala embassy in Israel opens in Jerusalem"</a>. Middle East Monitor. 3 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180513080855/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20180503-guatemala-embassy-in-israel-opens-in-jerusalem/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Guatemala+embassy+in+Israel+opens+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2018-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20180503-guatemala-embassy-in-israel-opens-in-jerusalem%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/14/kosovo-opens-embassy-in-jerusalem-after-israel-recognises-its-independence">"Kosovo opens embassy in Jerusalem after Israel recognises its independence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 14 March 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kosovo+opens+embassy+in+Jerusalem+after+Israel+recognises+its+independence&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fmar%2F14%2Fkosovo-opens-embassy-in-jerusalem-after-israel-recognises-its-independence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/5/papua-new-guinea-opens-israel-embassy-in-west-jerusalem">"Papua-New Guinea opens Israel embassy in West Jerusalem"</a>. Al Jazeera. 5 September 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240320104241/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/5/papua-new-guinea-opens-israel-embassy-in-west-jerusalem">Archived</a> from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 26 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Papua-New+Guinea+opens+Israel+embassy+in+West+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2023-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F9%2F5%2Fpapua-new-guinea-opens-israel-embassy-in-west-jerusalem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ45/content-detail.html">"Jerusalem Embassy Act of 1995"</a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. 8 November 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617043204/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ45/content-detail.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 15 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Embassy+Act+of+1995&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1995-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FPLAW-104publ45%2Fcontent-detail.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206191507/https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/12/06/president-donald-j-trumps-proclamation-jerusalem-capital-state-israel">"President Donald J. Trump's Proclamation on Jerusalem as the Capital of the State of Israel"</a>. White House. 6 December 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/12/06/president-donald-j-trumps-proclamation-jerusalem-capital-state-israel">the original</a> on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=President+Donald+J.+Trump%27s+Proclamation+on+Jerusalem+as+the+Capital+of+the+State+of+Israel&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2Fpresident-donald-j-trumps-proclamation-jerusalem-capital-state-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/trump-to-declare-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/news-story/6f16170f8ceec70d7e2f10a9659309a1">"Trump Declares Jerusalem as Israel's Capital"</a>. News.com.au. 7 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206234846/http://www.news.com.au/world/middle-east/trump-to-declare-jerusalem-as-israels-capital/news-story/6f16170f8ceec70d7e2f10a9659309a1">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Trump+Declares+Jerusalem+as+Israel%27s+Capital&rft.date=2017-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Ftrump-to-declare-jerusalem-as-israels-capital%2Fnews-story%2F6f16170f8ceec70d7e2f10a9659309a1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-jerusalem-reaction/arabs-europe-u-n-reject-trumps-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israeli-capital-idUSKBN1E0312">Arabs, Europe, U.N. reject Trump's recognition of Jerusalem as Israeli capital</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222180040/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-israel-jerusalem-reaction/arabs-europe-u-n-reject-trumps-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israeli-capital-idUSKBN1E0312">Archived</a> 22 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Mark Heinrich, Reuters </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/18/us-forced-veto-un-resolution-condemning-trumps-decision-jerusalem/">US forced to veto UN resolution condemning Trump's decision on Jerusalem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180510060242/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/18/us-forced-veto-un-resolution-condemning-trumps-decision-jerusalem/">Archived</a> 10 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42446027">"UN rejects Trump's Jerusalem declaration"</a>. BBC News. 21 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613053816/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42446027">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+rejects+Trump%27s+Jerusalem+declaration&rft.date=2017-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-42446027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/general-assembly-rejects-trump-jerusalem-move-171221135806725.html">"UN General Assembly rejects Trump's Jerusalem move"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171222211816/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/general-assembly-rejects-trump-jerusalem-move-171221135806725.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 21 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+General+Assembly+rejects+Trump%27s+Jerusalem+move&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F12%2Fgeneral-assembly-rejects-trump-jerusalem-move-171221135806725.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGladstone2017" class="citation news cs1">Gladstone, Rick (21 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/21/world/middleeast/trump-jerusalem-united-nations.html">"Defying Trump, U.N. General Assembly Condemns U.S. Decree on Jerusalem"</a>. 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BBC News. 18 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501194540/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8521246.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Dubai+Hamas+killing+pledge+by+UK+foreign+secretary&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F8521246.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed20090104a1.html">"Editorial A bloody new year in Gaza"</a>. The Japan Times. 4 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112509/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ed20090104a1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Editorial+A+bloody+new+year+in+Gaza&rft.date=2009-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Fed20090104a1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/tools_and_services/specials/style_guide/article986728.ece">Times Online Style Guide – J</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110921130217/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/tools_and_services/specials/style_guide/article986728.ece">Archived</a> 21 September 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Jerusalem must not be used as a metonym or variant for Israel. It is not internationally recognised as the Israeli capital, and its status is one of the central controversies in the Middle East." </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Jpost-Exclusive-Moscow-surprisingly-says-west-Jerusalem-is-Israels-capital-486336">"Jpost Exclusive: Moscow surprisingly says west Jerusalem is Israel's capital – Israel News"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 6 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170923193803/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Jpost-Exclusive-Moscow-surprisingly-says-west-Jerusalem-is-Israels-capital-486336">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Jpost+Exclusive%3A+Moscow+surprisingly+says+west+Jerusalem+is+Israel%27s+capital+%E2%80%93+Israel+News&rft.date=2017-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FPolitics-And-Diplomacy%2FJpost-Exclusive-Moscow-surprisingly-says-west-Jerusalem-is-Israels-capital-486336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409195147/http://english.pnn.ps/2017/04/08/russia-could-acknowledge-west-jerusalem-as-israeli-capital/">"Russia could acknowledge West Jerusalem as Israeli Capital"</a>. PNN. 8 April 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pnn.ps/2017/04/08/russia-could-acknowledge-west-jerusalem-as-israeli-capital/">the original</a> on 9 April 2017. 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At the same time, we must state that in this context we view West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel." </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/australia-recognizes-west-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel/">"Australia recognizes west Jerusalem as the capital of Israel"</a>. CBS News. 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216011904/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/australia-recognizes-west-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Australia+recognizes+west+Jerusalem+as+the+capital+of+Israel&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Faustralia-recognizes-west-jerusalem-as-the-capital-of-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aureverse-143"><a href="#cite_ref-aureverse_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/10/18/1129609399/australia-will-end-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israel-capital">"Australia says it will end its recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. 17 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018054516/https://www.npr.org/2022/10/18/1129609399/australia-will-end-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israel-capital">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia+says+it+will+end+its+recognition+of+Jerusalem+as+Israel%27s+capital&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F10%2F18%2F1129609399%2Faustralia-will-end-recognition-of-jerusalem-as-israel-capital&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/main/eng/home.asp">"English gateway to the Knesset website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502130558/https://knesset.gov.il/main/eng/home.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+gateway+to+the+Knesset+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Fmain%2Feng%2Fhome.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elyon1.court.gov.il/eng/home/index.html">"The State of Israel: The Judicial Authority"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190428211321/https://elyon1.court.gov.il/eng/home/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+State+of+Israel%3A+The+Judicial+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felyon1.court.gov.il%2Feng%2Fhome%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacenow.org.il/en/settlements-watch/settlements-data/population">"Population"</a>. Peace Now. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220611210642/https://peacenow.org.il/en/settlements-watch/settlements-data/population">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peace+Now&rft.atitle=Population&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeacenow.org.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements-watch%2Fsettlements-data%2Fpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1990" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)" title="Adam Roberts (scholar)">Roberts, Adam</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215100933/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8aaa/455b51d4c49285089a97a08496071e322877.pdf">"Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967"</a> (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2203016">10.2307/2203016</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2203016">2203016</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145514740">145514740</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8aaa/455b51d4c49285089a97a08496071e322877.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 February 2020. <q>The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Prolonged+Military+Occupation%3A+The+Israeli-Occupied+Territories+Since+1967&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=85-86&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145514740%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2203016%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2203016&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F8aaa%2F455b51d4c49285089a97a08496071e322877.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLO-NAD-148"><a href="#cite_ref-PLO-NAD_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160418223336/http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=59">"Jerusalem"</a>. PLO-Negotiations Affairs Department (NAD). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/etemplate.php?id=59&more=1">the original</a> on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PLO-Negotiations+Affairs+Department+%28NAD%29&rft.atitle=Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fetemplate.php%3Fid%3D59%26more%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825020708/http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Factsheet%202013/EJ%20TODAY_FINAL%20REPORT_II.pdf">"Palestine's Capital: The 1967 border in Jerusalem and Israel's illegal policies on the ground"</a> (PDF). East Jerusalem today. PLO-Negotiations Affairs Department (NAD). August 2013. p. 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nad-plo.org/userfiles/file/Factsheet%202013/EJ%20TODAY_FINAL%20REPORT_II.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Jerusalem+today&rft.atitle=Palestine%27s+Capital%3A+The+1967+border+in+Jerusalem+and+Israel%27s+illegal+policies+on+the+ground&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nad-plo.org%2Fuserfiles%2Ffile%2FFactsheet%25202013%2FEJ%2520TODAY_FINAL%2520REPORT_II.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4015504,00.html">Medvedev reaffirms Soviet recognition of Palestine (Ynet News, 18 January 2011)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726041642/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4015504,00.html">Archived</a> 26 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "Russian president says Moscow has not changed its position since 1988 when it 'recognized independent Palestinian state with its capital in east Jerusalem'" </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/7592121.html">China supports Palestinian UN bid (Xinhua, 8 September 2011)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130516095526/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90883/7592121.html">Archived</a> 16 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "China recognizes Palestine as a country with east Jerusalem as its capital and possessing full sovereignty and independence, in accordance with borders agreed upon in 1967, according to Jiang" </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806133025/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A2C2938216B39DE485256EA70070C849">"Resolution 58/292. Status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 17 May 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A2C2938216B39DE485256EA70070C849">the original</a> on 6 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+58%2F292.+Status+of+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory%2C+including+East+Jerusalem&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2FA2C2938216B39DE485256EA70070C849&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/idf-forces-take-control-of-governors-house-compound-in-abu-dis-10-aug-2001">"IDF forces take control of Governors House Compound in Abu Dis | Ministry of Foreign Affairs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227132111/https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/idf-forces-take-control-of-governors-house-compound-in-abu-dis-10-aug-2001">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IDF+forces+take+control+of+Governors+House+Compound+in+Abu+Dis+%26%23124%3B+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.il%2Fen%2Fdepartments%2Fnews%2Fidf-forces-take-control-of-governors-house-compound-in-abu-dis-10-aug-2001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.israelhayom.com/2018/02/16/abu-dis-information/">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240227132110/https://www.israelhayom.com/2018/02/16/abu-dis-information/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelhayom.com%2F2018%2F02%2F16%2Fabu-dis-information%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2004-01-19/ty-article/pa-institutions-in-abu-dis-cut-off-from-east-jerusalem/0000017f-db21-d3a5-af7f-fbaf31240000">"PA Institutions in Abu Dis Cut Off From East Jerusalem"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=PA+Institutions+in+Abu+Dis+Cut+Off+From+East+Jerusalem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2004-01-19%2Fty-article%2Fpa-institutions-in-abu-dis-cut-off-from-east-jerusalem%2F0000017f-db21-d3a5-af7f-fbaf31240000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2017-03-21/ty-article/.premium/police-were-unaware-of-jerusalem-city-limits-when-shuttering-palestinian-mapping-office/0000017f-e06d-d38f-a57f-e67f01870000">"Israeli Authorities Were Unaware of Jerusalem City Limits When Shuttering Palestinian Mapping Office"</a>. Haaretz. Retrieved 25 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+Authorities+Were+Unaware+of+Jerusalem+City+Limits+When+Shuttering+Palestinian+Mapping+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2017-03-21%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fpolice-were-unaware-of-jerusalem-city-limits-when-shuttering-palestinian-mapping-office%2F0000017f-e06d-d38f-a57f-e67f01870000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-corridors-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-corridors_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-corridors_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCidor2007" class="citation news cs1">Cidor, Peggy (15 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716012336/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1173879092720&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">"Corridors of Power: A tale of two councils"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1173879092720&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">the original</a> on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Corridors+of+Power%3A+A+tale+of+two+councils&rft.date=2007-03-15&rft.aulast=Cidor&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1173879092720%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2018" class="citation news cs1">Schneider, Tal (14 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216074141/https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-moshe-lion-elected-jerusalem-mayor-in-dramatic-finish-1001260573">"Moshe Lion elected Jerusalem Mayor in dramatic finish"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Globes_(newspaper)" title="Globes (newspaper)">Globes</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-moshe-lion-elected-jerusalem-mayor-in-dramatic-finish-1001260573">the original</a> on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globes&rft.atitle=Moshe+Lion+elected+Jerusalem+Mayor+in+dramatic+finish&rft.date=2018-11-14&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.globes.co.il%2Fen%2Farticle-moshe-lion-elected-jerusalem-mayor-in-dramatic-finish-1001260573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoker2006" class="citation news cs1">Coker, Margaret (11 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223111106/http://www.coxwashington.com/hp/content/reporters/stories/2006/11/11/BC_ISRAEL_GAYS10_COX.html">"Jerusalem Becomes A Battleground Over Gay Rights Vs. Religious Beliefs"</a>. Cox Newspapers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coxwashington.com/hp/content/reporters/stories/2006/11/11/BC_ISRAEL_GAYS10_COX.html">the original</a> on 23 December 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+Becomes+A+Battleground+Over+Gay+Rights+Vs.+Religious+Beliefs&rft.date=2006-11-11&rft.aulast=Coker&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coxwashington.com%2Fhp%2Fcontent%2Freporters%2Fstories%2F2006%2F11%2F11%2FBC_ISRAEL_GAYS10_COX.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021031151337/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=147&pic_cat=2&icon_cat=6&york_cat=7">"Safra Square – City Hall"</a>. The Municipality of Jerusalem. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=147&pic_cat=2&icon_cat=6&york_cat=7">the original</a> on 31 October 2002. Retrieved 24 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Safra+Square+%E2%80%93+City+Hall&rft.pub=The+Municipality+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jerusalem.muni.il%2Fjer_sys%2Fpicture%2Fatarim%2Fsite_form_atar_eng.asp%3Fsite_id%3D147%26pic_cat%3D2%26icon_cat%3D6%26york_cat%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thrall-161"><a href="#cite_ref-Thrall_161-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Thrall" title="Nathan Thrall">Nathan Thrall</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n23/nathan-thrall/rage-in-jerusalem">'Rage in Jerusalem,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906092249/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n23/nathan-thrall/rage-in-jerusalem">Archived</a> 6 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a> Vol. 36 No. 23 4 December 2014, pp. 19–21. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jcpa.org/article/the-unique-status-of-the-jerusalem-suburb-of-wadi-hummus/">"The Unique Status of the Jerusalem Suburb of Wadi Hummus"</a>. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240220144346/https://jcpa.org/article/the-unique-status-of-the-jerusalem-suburb-of-wadi-hummus/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Center+for+Public+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Unique+Status+of+the+Jerusalem+Suburb+of+Wadi+Hummus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjcpa.org%2Farticle%2Fthe-unique-status-of-the-jerusalem-suburb-of-wadi-hummus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Ar%20Ram_EN.pdf">Ar Ram Town Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240516124646/http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Ar%20Ram_EN.pdf">Archived</a> 16 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ARIJ, 2012, pp. 18-19 </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/beithanina.pdf">Beit Hanina Town Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122131509/http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/beithanina.pdf">Archived</a> 22 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ARIJ, 2013, p. 16 </li> <li id="cite_note-ARIJ-165"><a href="#cite_ref-ARIJ_165-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Arab%20al%20Jahalin_EN.pdf">'Arab al Jahalin Locality Profile</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230504131419/http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Arab%20al%20Jahalin_EN.pdf">Archived</a> 4 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ARIJ, p. 17 </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagson" class="citation news cs1">Ragson, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalems-no-mans-land-chaos-and-anarchy-in-the-kafr-aqab-neighborhood/">"Jerusalem's no man's land: Chaos and anarchy in the Kafr Aqab neighborhood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240301235637/https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalems-no-mans-land-chaos-and-anarchy-in-the-kafr-aqab-neighborhood/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Jerusalem%27s+no+man%27s+land%3A+Chaos+and+anarchy+in+the+Kafr+Aqab+neighborhood&rft.aulast=Ragson&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fjerusalems-no-mans-land-chaos-and-anarchy-in-the-kafr-aqab-neighborhood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabreraJorge_García-Serra1998" class="citation book cs1">Cabrera, Enrique; Jorge García-Serra (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/droughtmanagemen0000unse/page/304">Drought Management Planning in Water Supply Systems</a>. Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/droughtmanagemen0000unse/page/304">304</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-5294-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-5294-5"><bdi>978-0-7923-5294-5</bdi></a>. <q>The Old City of Jerusalem (760 m) in the central hills</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drought+Management+Planning+in+Water+Supply+Systems&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-5294-5&rft.aulast=Cabrera&rft.aufirst=Enrique&rft.au=Jorge+Garc%C3%ADa-Serra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdroughtmanagemen0000unse%2Fpage%2F304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bergsohn-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bergsohn_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bergsohn_168-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergsohn2006" class="citation web cs1">Bergsohn, Sam (15 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714134629/http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/nes263/spring06/scb48/Final%20Website/Geography%20Page.html">"Geography"</a>. Cornell University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/nes263/spring06/scb48/Final%20Website/Geography%20Page.html">the original</a> on 14 July 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=2006-05-15&rft.aulast=Bergsohn&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finstruct1.cit.cornell.edu%2Fcourses%2Fnes263%2Fspring06%2Fscb48%2FFinal%2520Website%2FGeography%2520Page.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalvoordZachary_J._HayesClark_H._PinnockWilliam_Crockett1996" class="citation book cs1">Walvoord, John; Zachary J. Hayes; Clark H. Pinnock; William Crockett; Stanley N. Gundry (1996). "The Metaphorical View". Four Views on Hell. Zondervan. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-21268-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-21268-3"><bdi>978-0-310-21268-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Metaphorical+View&rft.btitle=Four+Views+on+Hell&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-310-21268-3&rft.aulast=Walvoord&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Zachary+J.+Hayes&rft.au=Clark+H.+Pinnock&rft.au=William+Crockett&rft.au=Stanley+N.+Gundry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasterman1902" class="citation journal cs1">Masterman, E. W. G. (February 1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F472951">"The Water Supply of Jerusalem, Ancient and Modern"</a>. The Biblical World. 19 (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>: 87–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F472951">10.1086/472951</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137039">3137039</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+World&rft.atitle=The+Water+Supply+of+Jerusalem%2C+Ancient+and+Modern&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=87-112&rft.date=1902-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F472951&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3137039%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Masterman&rft.aufirst=E.+W.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F472951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen-Zvi2004" class="citation book cs1">Rosen-Zvi, Issachar (2004). Taking Space Seriously: Law, Space and Society in Contemporary Israel. Ashgate Publishing. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-2351-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-2351-9"><bdi>978-0-7546-2351-9</bdi></a>. <q>Thus, for instance, the distance between the four large metropolitan regions are—39 miles</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taking+Space+Seriously%3A+Law%2C+Space+and+Society+in+Contemporary+Israel&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-2351-9&rft.aulast=Rosen-Zvi&rft.aufirst=Issachar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederman2004" class="citation news cs1">Federman, Josef (18 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5750610">"Debate flares anew over Dead Sea Scrolls"</a>. NBC News. The Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017143456/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5750610/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Debate+flares+anew+over+Dead+Sea+Scrolls&rft.date=2004-08-18&rft.aulast=Federman&rft.aufirst=Josef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna5750610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050405000137/http://faculty.biu.ac.il/~maeira/About%20us/Introduction/Introduction.html">"Introduction"</a>. The Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Expedition. Bar Ilan University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.biu.ac.il/~maeira/About%20us/Introduction/Introduction.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2005. Retrieved 24 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tell+es-Safi%2FGath+Archaeological+Expedition&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.biu.ac.il%2F~maeira%2FAbout%2520us%2FIntroduction%2FIntroduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> (Image located here <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20080731210023/http://faculty.biu.ac.il/~maeira/About%20us/Introduction/Map_Jerusalem_K_Menahem_small.jpg">Archived copy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> (31 July 2008).) </li> <li id="cite_note-map-174"><a href="#cite_ref-map_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070427145816/http://www.eyeonisrael.com/Israel-touring-map.html">"Map of Israel"</a>. Eye on Israel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eyeonisrael.com/Israel-touring-map.html">the original</a> on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Israel&rft.pub=Eye+on+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyeonisrael.com%2FIsrael-touring-map.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> (See map 9 for Jerusalem) </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131211621/http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=1025">"'One more Obstacle to Peace' – A new Israeli Neighborhood on the lands of Jerusalem city"</a>. The Applied Research Institute – Jerusalem. 10 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=1025">the original</a> on 31 January 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27One+more+Obstacle+to+Peace%27+%E2%80%93+A+new+Israeli+Neighborhood+on+the+lands+of+Jerusalem+city&rft.date=2007-03-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poica.org%2Feditor%2Fcase_studies%2Fview.php%3FrecordID%3D1025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988">) </li> <li id="cite_note-weather-176"><a href="#cite_ref-weather_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071114085738/http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/ISXX0010?from=month_bottomnav_business">"Mean Daily Sunshine on each month for Jerusalem, Israel"</a>. The Weather Channel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/ISXX0010?from=month_bottomnav_business">the original</a> on 14 November 2007. Retrieved 7 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mean+Daily+Sunshine+on+each+month+for+Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.pub=The+Weather+Channel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.com%2Foutlook%2Ftravel%2Fbusinesstraveler%2Fwxclimatology%2Fmonthly%2Fgraph%2FISXX0010%3Ffrom%3Dmonth_bottomnav_business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-snow2013-1-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snow2013-1_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-snow2013-1_177-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLappin2013" class="citation news cs1">Lappin, Yaakov (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/National-News/Police-IDF-called-in-to-help-motorists-stranded-in-snow-in-Jerusalem-BG-Airport-shut-temporarily-334920">"Roads to Jerusalem closed as huge storm batters Israel"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425111635/https://www.jpost.com///national-news/police-idf-called-in-to-help-motorists-stranded-in-snow-in-jerusalem-bg-airport-shut-temporarily-334920">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Roads+to+Jerusalem+closed+as+huge+storm+batters+Israel&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Lappin&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FNational-News%2FPolice-IDF-called-in-to-help-motorists-stranded-in-snow-in-Jerusalem-BG-Airport-shut-temporarily-334920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-snow2013-2-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snow2013-2_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-snow2013-2_178-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamenow2013" class="citation news cs1">Samenow, Jason (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2013/12/13/rare-snow-in-cairo-jerusalem-paralyzed-in-historic-snow/">"Biblical snowstorm: Rare flakes in Cairo, Jerusalem paralyzed by over a foot"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903233952/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2013/12/13/rare-snow-in-cairo-jerusalem-paralyzed-in-historic-snow/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Biblical+snowstorm%3A+Rare+flakes+in+Cairo%2C+Jerusalem+paralyzed+by+over+a+foot&rft.date=2013-12-13&rft.aulast=Samenow&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fcapital-weather-gang%2Fwp%2F2013%2F12%2F13%2Frare-snow-in-cairo-jerusalem-paralyzed-in-historic-snow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-friction-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-friction_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-friction_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMa'ozSari_Nusseibeh2000" class="citation book cs1">Ma'oz, Moshe; Sari Nusseibeh (2000). Jerusalem: Points of Friction-And Beyond. Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 44–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-411-8843-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-411-8843-4"><bdi>978-90-411-8843-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jerusalem%3A+Points+of+Friction-And+Beyond&rft.pages=44-46&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-90-411-8843-4&rft.aulast=Ma%27oz&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft.au=Sari+Nusseibeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRory_Kess2007" class="citation news cs1">Rory Kess (16 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110624112024/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1189411414621&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">"Worst ozone pollution in Beit Shemesh, Gush Etzion"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1189411414621&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">the original</a> on 24 June 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Worst+ozone+pollution+in+Beit+Shemesh%2C+Gush+Etzion&rft.date=2007-09-16&rft.au=Rory+Kess&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1189411414621%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914010915/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">"Long Term Climate Information for Israel"</a>. August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/LongTermInfo">the original</a> on 14 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long+Term+Climate+Information+for+Israel&rft.date=2016-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FLongTermInfo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988">(in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100124024203/http://www.ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael">"Record Data in Israel"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ims.gov.il/IMS/CLIMATE/TopClimetIsrael/">the original</a> on 24 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Record+Data+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fims.gov.il%2FIMS%2FCLIMATE%2FTopClimetIsrael%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988">(in Hebrew) </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Israel/CSV/JERUSALEM_40183.csv">"WMO Climate Normals for Jerusalem 1991–2020"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231112053004/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Israel/CSV/JERUSALEM_40183.csv">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+Jerusalem+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F1.1%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FIsrael%2FCSV%2FJERUSALEM_40183.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-184"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/IS/40184.TXT">"Jerusalem Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120155331/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/IS/40184.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FIS%2F40184.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teller2-185"><a href="#cite_ref-Teller2_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeller2022" class="citation book cs1">Teller, Matthew (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SgQ3EAAAQBAJ">Nine Quarters of Jerusalem: A New Biography of the Old City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Profile_Books" title="Profile Books">Profile Books</a>. p. Chapter 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78283-904-0"><bdi>978-1-78283-904-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609194835/https://books.google.com/books?id=SgQ3EAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023. <q>But it may not have been Aldrich and Symonds. Below the frame of their map, printed in italic script, a single line notes that 'The Writing' had been added by 'the <a href="/wiki/George_Williams_(priest)" title="George Williams (priest)">Revd. G. Williams</a>' and 'the Revd. Robert Willis'… Some sources suggest [Williams] arrived before <a href="/wiki/Michael_Alexander_(bishop)" title="Michael Alexander (bishop)">[Michael] Alexander</a>, in 1841. If so, did he meet Aldrich and Symonds? We don't know. But Williams became their champion, defending them when the Haram inaccuracy came up and then publishing their work. The survey the two Royal Engineers did was not intended for commercial release (Aldrich had originally been sent to <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> under 'secret service'), and it was several years before their military plan of Jerusalem came to public attention, published first in 1845 by their senior officer Alderson in plain form, without most of the detail and labelling, and then in full in 1849, in the second edition of Williams's book The Holy City. Did Aldrich and/or Symonds invent the idea of four quarters in Jerusalem? It's possible, but they were military surveyors, not scholars. It seems more likely they spent their very short stay producing a usable street-plan for their superior officers, without necessarily getting wrapped up in details of names and places. The 1845 publication, shorn of street names, quarter labels and other detail, suggests that… Compounding his anachronisms, and perhaps with an urge to reproduce Roman urban design in this new context, Williams writes how two main streets, north-south and east-west, 'divide Jerusalem into four quarters.' Then the crucial line: 'The subdivisions of the streets and quarters are numerous, but unimportant.' Historians will, I hope, be able to delve more deeply into Williams's work, but for me, this is evidence enough. For almost two hundred years, virtually the entire world has accepted the ill-informed, dismissive judgementalism of a jejune Old Etonian missionary as representing enduring fact about the social make-up of Jerusalem. It's shameful… With Britain's increased standing in Palestine after 1840, and the growth of interest in biblical archaeology that was to become an obsession a few decades later, it was vital for the Protestant missionaries to establish boundaries in Jerusalem… Williams spread his ideas around. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Gustav_Schultz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Gustav Schultz (page does not exist)">Ernst Gustav Schultz</a> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gustav_Schultz" class="extiw" title="de:Ernst Gustav Schultz">de</a>; <a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%91_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A5" class="extiw" title="he:ארנסט גוסטב שולץ">he</a>]{{main other|, who came to Jerusalem in 1842 as Prussian vice-consul, writes in his 1845 book Jerusalem: Eine Vorlesung ('A Lecture'): 'It is with sincere gratitude I must mention that, on my arrival in Jerusalem, Mr Williams ... willingly alerted me to the important information that he [and] another young Anglican clergyman, Mr Rolands, had discovered about the topography of [Jerusalem].' Later come the lines: 'Let us now divide the city into quarters,' and, after mentioning Jews and Christians, 'All the rest of the city is the Mohammedan Quarter.' Included was <a href="/wiki/Kiepert_maps_of_Palestine_and_Jerusalem" title="Kiepert maps of Palestine and Jerusalem">a map</a>, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kiepert" title="Heinrich Kiepert">Heinrich Kiepert</a>, that labelled the four quarters, mirroring Williams's treatment in The Holy City.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nine+Quarters+of+Jerusalem%3A+A+New+Biography+of+the+Old+City&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-78283-904-0&rft.aulast=Teller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSgQ3EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> Usiel Oskar Schmelz, in Ottoman Palestine, 1800–1914: studies in economic and social history, Gad G. Gilbar, Brill Archive, 1990 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sdYUAAAAIAAJ">Ottoman Palestine 1800 – 1940</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/shnaton_C0523.pdf">"Table III/5 - Population of Jerusalem by Population Group, Religious Identification, Quarter and Sub-Quarter, 2021"</a> (PDF). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240215221031/https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/shnaton_C0523.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Institute+for+Policy+Research&rft.atitle=Table+III%2F5+-+Population+of+Jerusalem+by+Population+Group%2C+Religious+Identification%2C+Quarter+and+Sub-Quarter%2C+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjerusaleminstitute.org.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F04%2Fshnaton_C0523.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBS2008-188"><a href="#cite_ref-CBS2008_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2009/table3.pdf">"Table 3. – Population (1) of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population on 31/12/2008"</a> (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080409211826/http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2009/table3.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 April 2008. Retrieved 26 October 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+3.+%E2%80%93+Population+%281%29+of+Localities+Numbering+Above+2%2C000+Residents+and+Other+Rural+Population+on+31%2F12%2F2008&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fpopulation%2Fnew_2009%2Ftable3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/26/mideast.jerusalem.reut/index.html">"Arab population growth outpaces Jews in Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Reuters. 26 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124020225/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/26/mideast.jerusalem.reut/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arab+population+growth+outpaces+Jews+in+Jerusalem&rft.date=2000-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2000%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F09%2F26%2Fmideast.jerusalem.reut%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24741524">"Israel approves new East Jerusalem settlement homes"</a>. BBC News. 30 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016001058/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24741524">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel+approves+new+East+Jerusalem+settlement+homes&rft.date=2013-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-24741524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs_191-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614014210/http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2006n/11_06_106e.pdf">"Press Release: Jerusalem Day"</a> (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics. 24 May 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2006n/11_06_106e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 June 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release%3A+Jerusalem+Day&rft.pub=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fhodaot2006n%2F11_06_106e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSela" class="citation news cs1">Sela, Neta. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3254277,00.html">"Jerusalem: More tourists, fewer Jews"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070126160709/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3254277,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Jerusalem%3A+More+tourists%2C+fewer+Jews&rft.aulast=Sela&rft.aufirst=Neta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3254277%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3883620,00.html">"Only 1 in 8 pupils in Jerusalem is secular"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228120210/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3883620,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Only+1+in+8+pupils+in+Jerusalem+is+secular&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3883620%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKen_Ellingwood2007" class="citation news cs1">Ken Ellingwood (4 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414202513/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-barrier4jun04,1,5853828,full.story">"Change cast in concrete"</a>. Los Angeles Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-barrier4jun04,1,5853828,full.story">the original</a> on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Change+cast+in+concrete&rft.date=2007-06-04&rft.au=Ken+Ellingwood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-barrier4jun04%2C1%2C5853828%2Cfull.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeggy_Cidor2012" class="citation web cs1">Peggy Cidor (17 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/InJerusalem/CityFront/Article.aspx?id=270431">"Jerusalem 2012 – the state of things"</a>. 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Jersey City, NJ: KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88125-798-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88125-798-4"><bdi>978-0-88125-798-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1148595286">1148595286</a>. <q>To the Jews the Temple Mount is the holiest place on Earth, the place where God manifested himself to King David and where two Jewish temples - Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple – were located.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Holiness%3A+Jewish%2C+Muslim%2C+and+Christian+Perspectives+on+the+Temple+Mount+in+Jerusalem&rft.place=Jersey+City%2C+NJ&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1148595286&rft.isbn=978-0-88125-798-4&rft.aulast=Rivka&rft.aufirst=Gonen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1148595286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall_J.Ahimeir2002" class="citation book cs1">Marshall J., Breger; Ahimeir, Ora (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/48940385">Jerusalem: A City and Its Future</a>. 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Biblical Archaeology Society. 21 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805161750/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/temple-at-jerusalem/the-temple-mount-in-the-herodian-period/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Temple+Mount+in+the+Herodian+Period+%2837+BC%E2%80%9370+A.D.%29&rft.pub=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft.date=2019-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fbiblical-sites-places%2Ftemple-at-jerusalem%2Fthe-temple-mount-in-the-herodian-period%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg" class="citation web cs1">Goldberg, Monique Susskind. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080131205934/http://www.schechter.edu/askrabbi/synagoguetemple.htm">"Synagogues"</a>. Ask the Rabbi. Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schechter.edu/askrabbi/synagoguetemple.htm">the original</a> on 31 January 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ask+the+Rabbi&rft.atitle=Synagogues&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Monique+Susskind&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schechter.edu%2Faskrabbi%2Fsynagoguetemple.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-returning-214">^ <a href="#cite_ref-returning_214-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-returning_214-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSegal1987" class="citation book cs1">Segal, Benjamin J. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223025133/http://www.jewishhistory.com/jh.php?id=AdditionalReadings&content=content%2Fsegal_ch12">Returning: The Land of Israel as Focus in Jewish History</a>. Jerusalem, Israel: Department of Education and Culture of the World Zionist Organization. p. 124. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishhistory.com/jh.php?id=AdditionalReadings&content=content/segal_ch12">the original</a> on 23 December 2005. Retrieved 10 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Returning%3A+The+Land+of+Israel+as+Focus+in+Jewish+History&rft.place=Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Culture+of+the+World+Zionist+Organization&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Segal&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishhistory.com%2Fjh.php%3Fid%3DAdditionalReadings%26content%3Dcontent%2Fsegal_ch12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> The Jewish injunction to pray toward Jerusalem comes in the <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chayim" title="Orach Chayim">Orach Chayim</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a> (94:1) – "When one rises to pray anywhere in the Diaspora, he should face towards the Land of Israel, directing himself also toward Jerusalem, the Temple, and the Holy of Holies." </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckles_Willson2013" class="citation book cs1">Beckles Willson, Rachel (2013). Orientalism and Musical Mission: Palestine and the West. Cambridge University Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03656-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03656-7"><bdi>978-1-107-03656-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orientalism+and+Musical+Mission%3A+Palestine+and+the+West&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-107-03656-7&rft.aulast=Beckles+Willson&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> From the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">King James Version of the Bible</a>: "And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought [Jesus] to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord;" (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> 2:22) </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> From the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">King James Version of the Bible</a>: "And they come to Jerusalem: and Jesus went into the temple, and began to cast out them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves;" (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> 11:15) </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoas2001" class="citation book cs1">Boas, Adrian J. (2001). "Physical Remains of Crusader Jerusalem". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemtimecru00boas">Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades</a>. Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jerusalemtimecru00boas/page/n128">112</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23000-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23000-1"><bdi>978-0-415-23000-1</bdi></a>. <q>The interesting, if not reliable illustrations of the church on the round maps of Jerusalem show two distinct buildings on Mount Zion: the church of St Mary and the Cenacle (Chapel of the Last Supper) appear as separate buildings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Physical+Remains+of+Crusader+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Jerusalem+in+the+Time+of+the+Crusades&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-23000-1&rft.aulast=Boas&rft.aufirst=Adrian+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjerusalemtimecru00boas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndo1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shusaku_Endo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shusaku Endo">Endo, Shusaku</a> (1999). Richard A. Schuchert (ed.). A Life of Jesus. Paulist Press. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2319-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2319-3"><bdi>978-0-8091-2319-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Life+of+Jesus&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-2319-3&rft.aulast=Endo&rft.aufirst=Shusaku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> From the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">King James Version of the Bible</a>: "This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin." (<a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a> 19:20) </li> <li id="cite_note-worldwide-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-worldwide_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-worldwide_222-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStump1993" class="citation web cs1">Stump, Keith W. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070402020110/http://www.wcg.org/lit/jesus/golgotha.htm">"Where Was Golgotha?"</a>. Worldwide Church of God. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wcg.org/lit/jesus/golgotha.htm">the original</a> on 2 April 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+Was+Golgotha%3F&rft.pub=Worldwide+Church+of+God&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Stump&rft.aufirst=Keith+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcg.org%2Flit%2Fjesus%2Fgolgotha.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay2002" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Stephen K. (2002). St. John's Gospel: A Bible Study Guide and Commentary for Individuals and Groups. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press. p. 340. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-821-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-821-9"><bdi>978-0-89870-821-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=St.+John%27s+Gospel%3A+A+Bible+Study+Guide+and+Commentary+for+Individuals+and+Groups&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-89870-821-9&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Stephen+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ReillyJames_O'Reilly2000" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Sean; James O'Reilly (30 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pilgrimageadvent0000unse/page/14">PilgrFile: Adventures of the Spirit</a> (1st ed.). Travelers' Tales. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pilgrimageadvent0000unse/page/14">14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885211-56-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-885211-56-9"><bdi>978-1-885211-56-9</bdi></a>. <q>The general consensus is that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre marks the hill called Golgotha, and that the site of the Crucifixion and the last five Stations of the Cross are located under its large black domes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PilgrFile%3A+Adventures+of+the+Spirit&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Travelers%27+Tales&rft.date=2000-11-30&rft.isbn=978-1-885211-56-9&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=James+O%27Reilly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpilgrimageadvent0000unse%2Fpage%2F14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2019" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Andrew (2019). The World of the Crusades: A Daily Life Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5462-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5462-0"><bdi>978-1-4408-5462-0</bdi></a>. <q>was housed in the most important church in Christendom, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Crusades%3A+A+Daily+Life+Encyclopedia+%5B2+volumes%5D&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-5462-0&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordesman2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cordesman" title="Anthony Cordesman">Cordesman, Anthony H.</a> (2005). "The Final Settlement Issues: Asymmetric Values & Asymmetric Warfare". The Israeli-Palestinian War: Escalating to Nowhere. Praeger Security International. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98758-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98758-9"><bdi>978-0-275-98758-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Final+Settlement+Issues%3A+Asymmetric+Values+%26+Asymmetric+Warfare&rft.btitle=The+Israeli-Palestinian+War%3A+Escalating+to+Nowhere&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98758-9&rft.aulast=Cordesman&rft.aufirst=Anthony+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/2?startingVerse=142">2:142</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Edward_Peters" title="Francis Edward Peters">Peters, Francis E.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0/page/95">"Muhammad the Prophet of God"</a>. The Monotheists: The Peoples of God. Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/monotheistsjewsc00pete_0/page/95">95–6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11460-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11460-6"><bdi>978-0-691-11460-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Muhammad+the+Prophet+of+God&rft.btitle=The+Monotheists%3A+The+Peoples+of+God&rft.pages=95-6&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11460-6&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Francis+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmonotheistsjewsc00pete_0%2Fpage%2F95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081127160919/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/093.sbt.html">"Sahih Bukhari"</a>. Compendium of Muslim Texts. University of Southern California. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/093.sbt.html#009.093.608">the original</a> on 27 November 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Compendium+of+Muslim+Texts&rft.atitle=Sahih+Bukhari&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usc.edu%2Fdept%2FMSA%2Ffundamentals%2Fhadithsunnah%2Fbukhari%2F093.sbt.html%23009.093.608&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> (from an English translation of <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a>, Volume IX, Book 93, Number 608) </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/bukhari:7517">7517</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> From <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Ali" title="Abdullah Yusuf Ali">Abdullah Yusuf Ali</a>'s English translation of the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a>: "Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things)." (<a href="/wiki/Al-Isra" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Isra">17</a>:1) </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/17?startingVerse=1">17:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-233"><a href="#cite_ref-:8_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 7 (New ed. 2006 ed.). Brill. 2006. pp. 97–105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=97-105&rft.edition=New+ed.+2006&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColby2008" class="citation book cs1">Colby, Frederick S. (6 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sasZCjcTisIC&pg=PA15">Narrating Muhammad's Night Journey: Tracing the Development of the Ibn 'Abbas Ascension Discourse</a>. SUNY Press. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7788-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7788-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-7788-5</bdi></a>. <q>From the earliest extant Muslim texts, it becomes clear that a group of Muslims from the beginning interpreted the 'furthest place of prayer' (al-masjid al-aqṣā) with the city of Jerusalem in general and its Herodian/Solomonic Temple in particular... Eventually, a general consensus formed around the idea that Muhammad's journey did indeed take him to Jerusalem.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrating+Muhammad%27s+Night+Journey%3A+Tracing+the+Development+of+the+Ibn+%27Abbas+Ascension+Discourse&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2008-08-06&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-7788-5&rft.aulast=Colby&rft.aufirst=Frederick+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsasZCjcTisIC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca/2010/11/merits-of-helpers-in-madinah-ansaar.html">"Merits of the Helpers in Madinah (Ansaar) – Hadith Sahih Bukhari"</a>. Haditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101044831/http://haditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca/2010/11/merits-of-helpers-in-madinah-ansaar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merits+of+the+Helpers+in+Madinah+%28Ansaar%29+%E2%80%93+Hadith+Sahih+Bukhari&rft.pub=Haditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaditsbukharionline.blogspot.ca%2F2010%2F11%2Fmerits-of-helpers-in-madinah-ansaar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_W._Hughes" title="Aaron W. Hughes">Hughes, Aaron W.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nWV_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction</a>. Religion in Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54594-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-54594-1"><bdi>978-1-317-54594-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719063147/https://books.google.com/books?id=nWV_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2022. <q>Although later commentators would debate whether or not this journey was a physical one or took place at an internal level, it would come to play a crucial role in establishing Muhammad's prophetic credentials. In the first part of this journey, referred to as the isra, he traveled from the Kaba in Mecca to "the farthest mosque" (al-masjid al-aqsa), identified with the Temple Mount in Jerusalem: the al-Aqsa mosque that stands there today eventually took its name from this larger precinct, in which it was constructed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theorizing+Islam%3A+Disciplinary+Deconstruction+and+Reconstruction&rft.series=Religion+in+Culture&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-54594-1&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Aaron+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnWV_BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.al-islam.org/al-miraj">"Me'raj – The Night Ascension"</a>. Al-islam.org. 27 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091013221925/http://www.al-islam.org/al-miraj/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Me%27raj+%E2%80%93+The+Night+Ascension&rft.pub=Al-islam.org&rft.date=2012-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-islam.org%2Fal-miraj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-politics67-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-politics67_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics67_238-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-politics67_238-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumper1996" class="citation book cs1">Dumper, Michael (1996). The Politics of Jerusalem Since 1967. 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Retrieved 7 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Betar+Jerusalem%3A+A+Local+Sports+Legend+Exports+Talent+to+Europe%27s+Top+Leagues&rft.date=1997-10&rft.aulast=Griver&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israel-mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FIsrael%2520beyond%2520the%2520conflict%2FBetar%2520Jerusalem-%2520A%2520Local%2520Sports%2520Legend%2520Exports%2520Tal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070823075655/http://www.bjerusalem.co.il/">"בית"ר ירושלים האתר הרשמי – דף הבית"</a>. Bjerusalem.co.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjerusalem.co.il/">the original</a> on 23 August 2007. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfa.ps/clubdetails.aspx?clubid=13">the original</a> on 2 May 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Football+Association%2C+Jabal+Al-Mokaber&rft.pub=Pfa.ps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfa.ps%2Fclubdetails.aspx%3Fclubid%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-footwall-348"><a href="#cite_ref-footwall_348-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/09/14/football.israel.palestine.beitar/index.html">Football and the wall: The divided soccer community of Jerusalem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722062543/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/09/14/football.israel.palestine.beitar/index.html">Archived</a> 22 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by James Montague, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> 17 September 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080102043627/http://www.hapoel.co.il/hapoel.asp">"Home"</a> (in Hebrew). Hapoel Migdal Jerusalem. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hapoel.co.il/hapoel.asp">the original</a> on 2 January 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.pub=Hapoel+Migdal+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hapoel.co.il%2Fhapoel.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> (The listing of championship wins are located at the bottom after the completion of the Flash intro.) </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaskin2010" class="citation news cs1">Baskin, Rebecca (20 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Sports/Article.aspx?id=159342">"First Jerusalem marathon to be held in 2011"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 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Retrieved 2 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thousands+brave+rain%2C+wind+for+Jerusalem+marathon&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5ileOZ_fQw-q-wWqRSxpZ8IOml_6Q%3FdocId%3DCNG.cc1f0a0def2357600fe7ce8952046eeb.01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPazornik2011" class="citation news cs1">Pazornik, Amanda (27 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/60665/jerusalem-hills-wont-faze-local-marathon-runners/">"Jerusalem hills won't faze local marathon runners"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jweekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Jweekly">Jweekly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130419173839/http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/60665/jerusalem-hills-wont-faze-local-marathon-runners/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2013. 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Legisweb. 19 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160710110153/https://www.legisweb.com.br/legislacao/?id=287203">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legisweb.com.br&rft.atitle=Lei+N%C2%BA+5919+DE+17%2F07%2F2015&rft.date=2017-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legisweb.com.br%2Flegislacao%2F%3Fid%3D287203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atarde.com.br/politica/salvador-se-torna-cidade-irma-de-jerusalem-1096471">"Salvador se torna cidade-irmã de Jerusalém"</a>. atarde.com.br (in Portuguese). 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Retrieved 21 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=un.org&rft.atitle=Amid+Violence+in+Holy+City%2C+Durable+Social%2C+Political+Solutions+Encouraged+as+International+Conference+on+Question+of+Jerusalem+Opens+in+Jakarta&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Fauto-insert-205302%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isna.ir/news/96122915736/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7">"گذری بر خواهرخوانده تهران در شرق اروپا"</a>. isna.ir (in Persian). Iranian Students' News Agency. 21 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528203620/https://www.isna.ir/news/96122915736/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isna.ir&rft.atitle=%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.ir%2Fnews%2F96122915736%2F%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1%25D9%2582-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/en/01-04-03.html">"International Exchange: List of Sister Cities"</a>. pref.kyoto.jp. Kyoto Prefecture. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919051110/http://www.pref.kyoto.jp/en/01-04-03.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pref.kyoto.jp&rft.atitle=International+Exchange%3A+List+of+Sister+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pref.kyoto.jp%2Fen%2F01-04-03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-362"><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ami.mr/Depeche-25006.html">"توقيع أتفاقية توأمة بين نواكشوط والقدس"</a>. ami.mr (in Arabic). Agence Mauritanienne d'Information. 31 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206151958/https://www.ami.mr/Depeche-25006.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ami.mr&rft.atitle=%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B9+%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B7+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3&rft.date=2012-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ami.mr%2FDepeche-25006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-363"><a href="#cite_ref-363">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fescity.com/en/twin-towns/">"Twin Towns"</a>. fescity.com. Fes City. 8 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116180423/https://www.fescity.com/en/twin-towns/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fescity.com&rft.atitle=Twin+Towns&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fescity.com%2Fen%2Ftwin-towns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-364"><a href="#cite_ref-364">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.2m.ma/fr/news/la-ville-doujda-jumelee-a-al-qods-20180717/">"La ville d'Oujda jumelée à Al-Qods"</a>. 2m.ma (in French). 17 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024010938/https://www.2m.ma/fr/news/la-ville-doujda-jumelee-a-al-qods-20180717/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2m.ma&rft.atitle=La+ville+d%27Oujda+jumel%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Al-Qods&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.2m.ma%2Ffr%2Fnews%2Fla-ville-doujda-jumelee-a-al-qods-20180717%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-365"><a href="#cite_ref-365">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aatccusco.com/ciudades_hermanas.php">"Ciudades Hermanas de Cusco"</a>. aatccusco.com (in Spanish). Asociación de Agencias de Turismo del Cusco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329013108/https://www.aatccusco.com/ciudades_hermanas.php">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aatccusco.com&rft.atitle=Ciudades+Hermanas+de+Cusco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aatccusco.com%2Fciudades_hermanas.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-366"><a href="#cite_ref-366">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.jerseycitynj.gov/explore/dataset/sister-city-agreements/table/?sort=-date_of_resolution">"Sister City Agreements"</a>. jerseycitynj.gov. Jersey City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502121026/https://data.jerseycitynj.gov/explore/dataset/sister-city-agreements/table/?sort=-date_of_resolution">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jerseycitynj.gov&rft.atitle=Sister+City+Agreements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.jerseycitynj.gov%2Fexplore%2Fdataset%2Fsister-city-agreements%2Ftable%2F%3Fsort%3D-date_of_resolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-367"><a href="#cite_ref-367">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/875-22/mayor-adams-signs-sister-city-agreement-between-new-york-city-athens-greece">"Mayor Adams Signs Sister City Agreement Between New York City And Athens, Greece"</a>. Office of Mayor of the City of New York. 1 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230305222521/https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/875-22/mayor-adams-signs-sister-city-agreement-between-new-york-city-athens-greece">Archived</a> from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayor+Adams+Signs+Sister+City+Agreement+Between+New+York+City+And+Athens%2C+Greece&rft.pub=Office+of+Mayor+of+the+City+of+New+York&rft.date=2022-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Foffice-of-the-mayor%2Fnews%2F875-22%2Fmayor-adams-signs-sister-city-agreement-between-new-york-city-athens-greece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gilbert" title="Martin Gilbert">Gilbert, Martin</a> (1978). Jerusalem: Illustrated History Atlas. New York: Macmillan Publishing.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellerman1993" class="citation book cs1">Kellerman, Aharon (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/societysettlemen0000kell">Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israel in the Twentieth Century</a>. State University of New York Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1295-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1295-4"><bdi>978-0-7914-1295-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+and+Settlement%3A+Jewish+Land+of+Israel+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1295-4&rft.aulast=Kellerman&rft.aufirst=Aharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocietysettlemen0000kell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerusalem" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Cheshin, Amir S.; Bill Hutman and Avi Melamed (1999). Separate and Unequal: the Inside Story of Israeli Rule in East Jerusalem. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-80136-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-80136-3">978-0-674-80136-3</a>.</li> <li>Cline, Eric (2004). Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11313-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-11313-2">978-0-472-11313-2</a>.</li> <li>Collins, Larry, and La Pierre, Dominique (1988). O Jerusalem!. New York: Simon & Schuster <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-66241-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-66241-7">978-0-671-66241-7</a>.</li> <li>Gold, Dore (2007) The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, The West, and the Future of the Holy City. International Publishing Company J-M, Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-029-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-029-7">978-1-59698-029-7</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%B6chler" title="Hans Köchler">Köchler, Hans</a> (1981) The Legal Aspects of the Palestine Problem with Special Regard to the Question of Jerusalem Vienna: Braumüller <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7003-0278-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7003-0278-0">978-3-7003-0278-0</a>.</li> <li>The Holy Cities: Jerusalem produced by Danae Film Production, distributed by HDH Communications; 2006</li> <li>Wasserstein, Bernard (2002) Divided Jerusalem: The Struggle for the Holy City New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09730-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09730-6">978-0-300-09730-6</a>.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rissc.jo/docs/J101-10-10-10.pdf">Keys to Jerusalem: A Brief Overview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222120957/http://rissc.jo/docs/J101-10-10-10.pdf">Archived</a> 22 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Center, Amman, Jordan, 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sebag_Montefiore" title="Simon Sebag Montefiore">Montefiore, Simon Sebag</a> (2011) <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem:_The_Biography" title="Jerusalem: The Biography">Jerusalem: The Biography</a>, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85265-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85265-0">978-0-297-85265-0</a>.</li> <li>Young, Robb A (2012) Hezekiah in History and Tradition Brill Global Oriental Hotei Publishing, Netherlands.</li> <li>Klein, Konstantin M.: Wienand, Johannes (2022) (eds.): City of Caesar, City of God: Constantinople and Jerusalem in Late Antiquity. De Gruyter, Berlin 2022, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-071720-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-071720-4">978-3-11-071720-4</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110718447">10.1515/9783110718447</a>.</li> <li>John D. Hosler, _Jerusalem Falls: Seven Centuries of War and Peace_ (London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 2022), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25514-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-25514-0">978-0-300-25514-0</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Jerusalem at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Jerusalem">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="c:Jerusalem">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Jerusalem">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="q:Jerusalem">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Jerusalem">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Jerusalem">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Jerusalem">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Jerusalem" class="extiw" title="voy:Jerusalem">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/Pages/default.aspx">Official website</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Municipality" title="Jerusalem Municipality">Jerusalem Municipality</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26934435">What makes Jerusalem so holy?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180531061101/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26934435">Archived</a> 31 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Status-of-Jerusalem-Engish-199708.pdf">The Status of Jerusalem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526031014/https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/The-Status-of-Jerusalem-Engish-199708.pdf">Archived</a> 26 May 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> document related to the dispute over the city</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204035752/http://www.jerusalem-library.org/">Jerusalem Virtual Library</a>, joint project by <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.huji.ac.il/en">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206072153/http://new.huji.ac.il/en">Archived</a> 6 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>, the city's foremost institution of higher education</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alquds.edu/en">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206203332/https://www.alquds.edu/en">Archived</a> 6 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a>, the only Palestinian university in Jerusalem</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1381350">Jerusalem</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Old_City_of_Jerusalem_and_its_walls" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Template:Old City (Jerusalem)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Template talk:Old City (Jerusalem)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Old_City_(Jerusalem)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Old City (Jerusalem)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Old_City_of_Jerusalem_and_its_walls" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Walls_of_Jerusalem" title="Walls of Jerusalem">walls</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> since 1981</li> <li>Sorted by religions</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)" title="Status Quo (Jerusalem and Bethlehem)">Status Quo</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_es-Sultan" title="Deir es-Sultan">Deir es-Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Saint_Helena,_Jerusalem" title="Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem">Chapel of Saint Helena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Dolorosa" title="Via Dolorosa">Via Dolorosa</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Church_of_the_Theotokos" title="New Church of the Theotokos">New Church of the Theotokos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Cathedral_of_the_Most_Holy_Name_of_Jesus" title="Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus">Co-Cathedral of the Most Holy Name of Jesus</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Franciscans(Custos)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Franciscans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custos</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Saviour" title="Monastery of Saint Saviour">Monastery of Saint Saviour</a></li> <li>Monastery of the Flagellation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Condemnation" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Condemnation">Church of the Condemnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Flagellation" title="Church of the Flagellation">Church of the Flagellation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_Simon_of_Cyrene" title="Chapel of Simon of Cyrene">Chapel of Simon of Cyrene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convent_of_the_Sisters_of_Zion" title="Convent of the Sisters of Zion">Convent of the Sisters of Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Anne,_Jerusalem" title="Church of Saint Anne, Jerusalem">Church of Saint Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Family,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Holy Family, Jerusalem">Church of the Holy Family</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Church of Saint James Intercisus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Germans" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Germans">Church of Saint Mary of the Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Latins" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Latins">Church of Saint Mary of the Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Templum_Domini" title="Templum Domini">Templum Domini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite Catholic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholic_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Annunciation,_Jerusalem" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of the Annunciation, Jerusalem">Cathedral of the Annunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Sorrows,_Jerusalem" title="Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Jerusalem">Church of Our Lady of Sorrows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Convent,_Jerusalem" title="Maronite Convent, Jerusalem">Maronite Convent</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greek_Orthodox(Patriarch)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Saint John the Baptist, Jerusalem">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Orthodox</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenian_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Patriarch</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_James,_Jerusalem" title="Cathedral of Saint James, Jerusalem">Cathedral of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Archangels,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Holy Archangels, Jerusalem">Church of the Holy Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Toros" title="Church of Saint Toros">Church of Saint Toros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_Mark" title="Monastery of Saint Mark">Monastery of Saint Mark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_Jerusalem" title="Coptic Orthodox Archdiocese of Jerusalem">Archbishop</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_es-Sultan" title="Deir es-Sultan">Deir es-Sultan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_Jerusalem_and_the_Middle_East" title="Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East">Episcopal Church in Jerusalem and the Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Jerusalem" title="Christ Church, Jerusalem">Christ Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Protestant_Church_in_Germany" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Redeemer,_Jerusalem" title="Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem">Church of the Redeemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div>Areas, quarters <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 334px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg/334px-Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="334" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg/501px-Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg/668px-Jerusalem_Old_City_blank_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="370" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; left:74px; top:142px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104px; top:172px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Muristan" title="Muristan">Muristan</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:204px; top:62px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:79px; top:222px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:174px; top:202px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a></div></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:244px; top:146px"><div style="line-height:0.9em;"><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></div></div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Gates_of_the_Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Gates of the Old City of Jerusalem">Gates</a> 1. <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Gate" title="Jaffa Gate">Jaffa</a> 2. <a href="/wiki/Zion_Gate" title="Zion Gate">Zion</a> 3. <a href="/wiki/Dung_Gate" title="Dung Gate">Dung</a> 4. <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_(Jerusalem)" title="Golden Gate (Jerusalem)">Golden</a> 5. <a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Gate" title="Lions' Gate">Lions</a> 6. <a href="/wiki/Herod%27s_Gate" title="Herod's Gate">Herod</a> 7. <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Gate" title="Damascus Gate">Damascus</a> 8. <a href="/wiki/New_Gate" title="New Gate">New</a> (Double, Single, Tanners') <a href="/wiki/Al-Mawazin" title="Al-Mawazin">Al-Mawazin</a> Surrounding streets, roads: <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Highway_60_(Israel%E2%80%93Palestine)#Highway_60_in_Jerusalem" title="Highway 60 (Israel–Palestine)">Highway 60</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Road" title="Jaffa Road">Jaffa Road</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Route_417_(Israel)#Jericho_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 417 (Israel)">Jericho</a> <a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_HaShalom" title="Ma'ale HaShalom">Ma'ale HaShalom</a></li><li>Ofel</li><li>Sultan Suleiman</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem in Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Islamic_Waqf" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Islamic Waqf">Waqf</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Qibli Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Ascension" title="Dome of the Ascension">Dome of the Ascension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Chain" title="Dome of the Chain">Dome of the Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khidr" title="Dome of al-Khidr">Dome of al-Khidr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_al-Khalili" title="Dome of al-Khalili">Dome of al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Prophet" title="Dome of the Prophet">Dome of the Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_Yusuf" title="Dome of Yusuf">Dome of Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa_Al-Ashrafiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya">Madrasa Al-Ashrafiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Stables" title="Solomon's Stables">Marwani Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Buraq_Mosque" title="Al-Buraq Mosque">Al-Buraq Mosque</a></li> <li>Al-Yaqoubi Mosque</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khanqah_al-Salahiyya_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque">Al-Khanqah al-Salahiyya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_of_Omar_(Jerusalem)" title="Mosque of Omar (Jerusalem)">Mosque of Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Dissi_Mosque" title="Al Dissi Mosque">Al Dissi Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidna_Omar_Mosque" title="Sidna Omar Mosque">Sidna Omar Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Jerusalem" title="Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem">Chief Rabbis</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Wall" title="Southern Wall">Southern Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall_Tunnel" title="Western Wall Tunnel">Western Wall Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Western_Wall" title="Little Western Wall">Little Western Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramban_Synagogue" title="Ramban Synagogue">Ramban Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ari_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Ari Synagogue">Ari Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Sephardic_Synagogues" title="Four Sephardic Synagogues">Four Sephardic Synagogues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohr_ha-Chaim_Synagogue" title="Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue">Ohr ha-Chaim Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzuf_Dvash_Synagogue" title="Tzuf Dvash Synagogue">Tzuf Dvash Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurva_Synagogue" title="Hurva Synagogue">Hurva Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohel_Yitzchak_Synagogue" title="Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue">Ohel Yitzchak Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiferet_Yisrael_Synagogue" title="Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue">Tiferet Yisrael Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Remnants or rebuilt buildings in italic</li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/16px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/24px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/21px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/28px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Template:Neighborhoods of Jerusalem"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Template talk:Neighborhoods of Jerusalem"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neighborhoods of Jerusalem"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_of_Jerusalem" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neighborhoods of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Jerusalem neighborhoods in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> are depicted in green, those in <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a> in blue (see <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">Green Line</a>).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Quarter" title="Armenian Quarter">Armenian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muristan" title="Muristan">Muristan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Hutta" title="Bab Hutta">Bab al-Huta</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arzei_HaBira" title="Arzei HaBira">Arzei HaBira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batei_Ungarin" title="Batei Ungarin">Batei Ungarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_David" title="Beit David">Beit David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ya%27akov,_Jerusalem" title="Beit Ya'akov, Jerusalem">Beit Ya'akov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yisrael" title="Beit Yisrael">Beit Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Quarter" title="Bukharan Quarter">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Triangle_(Jerusalem)" title="Downtown Triangle (Jerusalem)">Downtown Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geula" title="Geula">Geula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassco_(neighborhood)" title="Rassco (neighborhood)">Givat HaVradim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Ram" title="Givat Ram">Givat Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Gateway" title="Jerusalem Gateway">Jerusalem Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamon" title="Katamon">Katamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Avraham" title="Kerem Avraham">Kerem Avraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaLeom" title="Kiryat HaLeom">Kiryat HaLeom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaMemshala" title="Kiryat HaMemshala">Kiryat HaMemshala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmuel,_Jerusalem" title="Kiryat Shmuel, Jerusalem">Kiryat Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shomrei_Emunim" title="Kiryat Shomrei Emunim">Kiryat Shomrei Emunim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Wolfson" title="Kiryat Wolfson">Kiryat Wolfson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Israel" title="Mahane Israel">Mahane Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_Market" title="Mahane Yehuda Market">Mahane Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mea_Shearim" title="Mea Shearim">Mea Shearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekor_Baruch" title="Mekor Baruch">Mekor Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musrara" title="Musrara">Musrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalat_Shiv%27a" title="Nahalat Shiv'a">Nahalat Shiv'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachlaot" title="Nachlaot">Nachlaot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayot" title="Nayot">Nayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Granot" title="Neve Granot">Neve Granot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Sha%27anan,_Jerusalem" title="Neve Sha'anan, Jerusalem">Neve Sha'anan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehavia" title="Rehavia">Rehavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romema" title="Romema">Romema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Compound" title="Russian Compound">Russian Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27arei_Hesed" title="Sha'arei Hesed">Sha'arei Hesed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmuel_HaNavi_(neighborhood)" title="Shmuel HaNavi (neighborhood)">Shmuel HaNavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiya" title="Talbiya">Talbiya (Komemiyut)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemin_Moshe" title="Yemin Moshe">Yemin Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Moshe" title="Zikhron Moshe">Zikhron Moshe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Al-Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Dahiyat al–Barid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezrat_Torah" title="Ezrat Torah">Ezrat Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Hill_(settlement)" title="French Hill (settlement)">French Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_HaMivtar" title="Givat HaMivtar">Givat HaMivtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Moshe" title="Givat Moshe">Givat Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Hotzvim" title="Har Hotzvim">Har Hotzvim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Aqab" title="Kafr 'Aqab">Kafr 'Aqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Belz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Belz">Kiryat Belz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Itri" title="Kiryat Itri">Kiryat Itri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Mattersdorf" title="Kiryat Mattersdorf">Kiryat Mattersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Sanz,_Jerusalem" title="Kiryat Sanz, Jerusalem">Kiryat Sanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_Dafna" title="Ma'alot Dafna">Ma'alot Dafna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Scopus" title="Mount Scopus">Mount Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Yaakov" title="Neve Yaakov">Neve Yaakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisgat_Ze%27ev" title="Pisgat Ze'ev">Pisgat Ze'ev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Eshkol" title="Ramat Eshkol">Ramat Eshkol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Shlomo" title="Ramat Shlomo">Ramat Shlomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramot,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramot, Jerusalem">Ramot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramot_Polin" title="Ramot Polin">Ramot Polin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedria" title="Sanhedria">Sanhedria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedria_Murhevet" title="Sanhedria Murhevet">Sanhedria Murhevet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikun_Chabad" title="Shikun Chabad">Shikun Chabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuafat" title="Shuafat">Shuafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arza" title="Tel Arza">Tel Arza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Unsdorf" title="Kiryat Unsdorf">Unsdorf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Jahalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab al-Jahalin">Arab al–Jahalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Colony,_Jerusalem" title="American Colony, Jerusalem">American Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Garden_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="King's Garden (Jerusalem)">Al Bustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issawiya" title="Issawiya">Al-Issawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tur_(Mount_of_Olives)" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tur (Mount of Olives)">At-Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_a-Zahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab a-Zahara">Bab a-Zahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(Silwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of David (Silwan)">Ir David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabel_Mukaber" title="Jabel Mukaber">Jabel Mukaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Menachem_Begin" title="Kiryat Menachem Begin">Kiryat Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_HaZeitim" title="Ma'ale HaZeitim">Ma'ale HaZeitim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalat_Shimon" title="Nahalat Shimon">Nahalat Shimon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_Zion" title="Nof Zion">Nof Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Amud" title="Ras al-Amud">Ras al-Amud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_HaTzadik" title="Shimon HaTzadik">Shimon HaTzadik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan">Silwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Joz" title="Wadi al-Joz">Wadi al-Joz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tor" title="Abu Tor">Abu Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnona" title="Arnona">Arnona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baka,_Jerusalem" title="Baka, Jerusalem">Baka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Safafa" title="Beit Safafa">Beit Safafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Talpiot" title="East Talpiot">East Talpiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colony,_Jerusalem" title="German Colony, Jerusalem">German Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilo" title="Gilo">Gilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_HaMatos" title="Givat HaMatos">Givat HaMatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Oranim" title="Givat Oranim">Givat Oranim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Massuah" title="Givat Massuah">Givat Massuah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Colony,_Jerusalem" title="Greek Colony, Jerusalem">Greek colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Homa" title="Har Homa">Har Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamon#Katamonim" title="Katamon">Katamonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malha" title="Malha">Malha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekor_Chaim" title="Mekor Chaim">Mekor Chaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat,_Jerusalem" title="Pat, Jerusalem">Pat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Rachel" title="Ramat Rachel">Ramat Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamon#Katamonim" title="Katamon">San Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafat,_East_Jerusalem" title="Sharafat, East Jerusalem">Sharafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Baher" title="Sur Baher">Sur Baher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talpiot" title="Talpiot">Talpiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Tuba" title="Umm Tuba">Umm Tuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayit_VeGan" title="Bayit VeGan">Bayit VeGan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_HaKerem,_Jerusalem" title="Beit HaKerem, Jerusalem">Beit HaKerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Karem" title="Ein Karem">Ein Karem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Beit_HaKerem" title="Givat Beit HaKerem">Givat Beit HaKerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Shaul" title="Givat Shaul">Givat Shaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Mordechai" title="Givat Mordechai">Givat Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Nof" title="Har Nof">Har Nof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir_Ganim" title="Ir Ganim">Ir Ganim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_HaYovel" title="Kiryat HaYovel">Kiryat HaYovel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Menachem" title="Kiryat Menachem">Kiryat Menachem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Moshe" title="Kiryat Moshe">Kiryat Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motza" title="Motza">Motza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Beit_HaKerem" title="Ramat Beit HaKerem">Ramat Beit HaKerem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Denya" title="Ramat Denya">Ramat Denya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Sharett" title="Ramat Sharett">Ramat Sharett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yefeh_Nof" title="Yefeh Nof">Yefeh Nof</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atarot" title="Atarot">Atarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batei_Munkacs" title="Batei Munkacs">Batei Munkacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batei_Saidoff" title="Batei Saidoff">Batei Saidoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_Yisrael_(neighborhood)" title="Even Yisrael (neighborhood)">Even Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezrat_Yisrael" title="Ezrat Yisrael">Ezrat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirya_Ne%27emana" title="Kirya Ne'emana">Kirya Ne'emana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knesset_Yisrael" title="Knesset Yisrael">Knesset Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="Lifta">Lifta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahane_Yehuda_(neighborhood)" title="Mahane Yehuda (neighborhood)">Mahane Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamilla" title="Mamilla">Mamilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazkeret_Moshe" title="Mazkeret Moshe">Mazkeret Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishkenot_Sha%27ananim" title="Mishkenot Sha'ananim">Mishkenot Sha'ananim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughrabi_Quarter" title="Mughrabi Quarter">Mughrabi Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohel_Shlomo" title="Ohel Shlomo">Ohel Shlomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27arei_Yerushalayim" title="Sha'arei Yerushalayim">Sha'arei Yerushalayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Badr,_Jerusalem" title="Sheikh Badr, Jerusalem">Sheikh Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Tuvya" title="Zikhron Tuvya">Zikhron Tuvya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Yosef" title="Zikhron Yosef">Zikhron Yosef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Courtyard_neighborhood" title="Courtyard neighborhood">Courtyard neighborhood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ring_Neighborhoods,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem">Ring Neighborhoods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jerusalem_District" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jerusalem_District" title="Template:Jerusalem District"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jerusalem_District" title="Template talk:Jerusalem District"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem_District" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem District"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jerusalem_District" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg/70px-Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg/105px-Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg/140px-Israel_jerusalem_dist.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="990" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghosh" title="Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ye%27arim" title="Kiryat Ye'arim">Kiryat Ye'arim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzur_Hadassah" title="Tzur Hadassah">Tzur Hadassah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Regional councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Yehuda_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Yehuda Regional Council">Mateh Yehuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Jerusalem" title="Greater Jerusalem">Greater Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Other sub-divisions: <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria_Area" title="Judea and Samaria Area">Judea and Samaria Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_District" title="Tel Aviv District">Tel Aviv District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jerusalem_Governorate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jerusalem_Governorate" title="Template:Jerusalem Governorate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jerusalem_Governorate" title="Template talk:Jerusalem Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jerusalem Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jerusalem_Governorate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Quds_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Quds Governorate">Jerusalem Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdistrict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_J1" title="Jerusalem J1">Jerusalem J1</a> (Territories of <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> unilaterally annexed by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Municipality" title="Jerusalem Municipality">Jerusalem Municipality</a>)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Governate_of_Jerusalem.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jerusalem Governorate"><img alt="Jerusalem Governorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Governate_of_Jerusalem.png/50px-Governate_of_Jerusalem.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Governate_of_Jerusalem.png/75px-Governate_of_Jerusalem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Governate_of_Jerusalem.png/100px-Governate_of_Jerusalem.png 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1223" /></a> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/50px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/75px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/100px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a></li> <li>al-Eizariya (<a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">al-Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hizma" title="Hizma">Hizma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biddu,_Jerusalem" title="Biddu, Jerusalem">Biddu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Nabala" title="Bir Nabala">Bir Nabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_%27Aqab" title="Kafr 'Aqab">Kafr 'Aqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatanna" title="Qatanna">Qatanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_council_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Village council (State of Palestine)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Anata" title="'Anata">'Anata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Arab_al-Jahalin" title="'Arab al-Jahalin">'Arab al-Jahalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_%27Anan" title="Beit 'Anan">Beit 'Anan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Duqqu" title="Beit Duqqu">Beit Duqqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ijza" title="Beit Ijza">Beit Ijza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Iksa" title="Beit Iksa">Beit Iksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Safafa" title="Beit Safafa">Beit Safafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Surik" title="Beit Surik">Beit Surik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaba%27,_Jerusalem" title="Jaba', Jerusalem">Jaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jib" title="Al Jib">al-Jib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Judeira" title="Al-Judeira">al-Judeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Ahmar_(village)" title="Khan al-Ahmar (village)">Khan al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhmas" title="Mukhmas">Mukhmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Samwil" title="Nabi Samwil">Nabi Samwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeiba,_Jerusalem" title="Al-Qubeiba, Jerusalem">al-Qubeiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandia" title="Qalandia">Qalandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafat,_Jerusalem" title="Rafat, Jerusalem">Rafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sawahira_ash-Sharqiya" title="As-Sawahira ash-Sharqiya">as-Sawahira ash-Sharqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharafat,_East_Jerusalem" title="Sharafat, East Jerusalem">Sharafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash-Sheikh_Sa%27d" title="Ash-Sheikh Sa'd">ash-Sheikh Sa'd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuafat" title="Shuafat">Shuafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Za%27ayyem" title="Az-Za'ayyem">az-Za'ayyem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qalandia_Camp" title="Qalandia Camp">Qalandia Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu%27fat_Camp" title="Shu'fat Camp">Shu'fat Camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template talk:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Israeli cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a> (East, West)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Saba" title="Kfar Saba">Kfar Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000–99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod_HaSharon" title="Hod HaSharon">Hod HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ata" title="Kiryat Ata">Kiryat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Gat" title="Kiryat Gat">Kiryat Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut" title="Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut">Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_Ziona" title="Ness Ziona">Ness Ziona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin" title="Rosh HaAyin">Rosh HaAyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000–49,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Israel" title="Arad, Israel">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimona" title="Dimona">Dimona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%27ad" title="El'ad">El'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Shmuel" title="Giv'at Shmuel">Giv'at Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yona" title="Kfar Yona">Kfar Yona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Bialik" title="Kiryat Bialik">Kiryat Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Malakhi" title="Kiryat Malakhi">Kiryat Malakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Yam" title="Kiryat Yam">Kiryat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesher" title="Nesher">Nesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netivot" title="Netivot">Netivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofakim" title="Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Akiva" title="Or Akiva">Or Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Yehuda" title="Or Yehuda">Or Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirat_Carmel" title="Tirat Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehud-Monosson" title="Yehud-Monosson">Yehud-Monosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holy_places_in_Judaism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Holy_places_in_Judaism" title="Template:Holy places in Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Holy_places_in_Judaism" title="Template talk:Holy places in Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Holy_places_in_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Holy places in Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holy_places_in_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_places#Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy places">Holy places</a> in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Land_of_Israel(Laws_and_customs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism">Laws and customs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holy_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_cities_of_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy cities of Judaism">Holy cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Jerusalem(Holiness)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">Holiness</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Temple_inJerusalem" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Temple in Jerusalem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Stone" title="Foundation Stone">Foundation Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_places_of_biblical_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of burial places of biblical figures">Tombs of biblical figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Matriarchs" title="Tomb of the Matriarchs">Matriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Benjamin" title="Tomb of Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Tomb" title="David's Tomb">David</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Judea and Samaria">Judea and Samaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb" title="Rachel's Tomb">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph's Tomb">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Joshua" title="Tomb of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Samuel" title="Tomb of Samuel">Samuel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Aaron" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel%27s_Tomb" title="Ezekiel's Tomb">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Daniel" title="Tomb of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum#Tomb" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra%27s_Tomb" title="Ezra's Tomb">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_High_Priest#Tomb" title="Joshua the High Priest">Joshua the High Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Esther_and_Mordechai" title="Tomb of Esther and Mordechai">Esther and Mordechai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jews_and_Judaism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Template:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jews_and_Judaism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">Outline of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Jewish_history-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Jewish history-related articles">Index of Jewish history-related articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Judaism" title="Origins of Judaism">Origins of Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel and Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogal_Judaism" title="Synagogal Judaism">Synagogal Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_assimilation" title="Jewish assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Atheists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Buddhist" title="Jewish Buddhist">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta_Christianity" title="Xueta Christianity">Xueta Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gentile" title="Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groups_claiming_affiliation_with_Israelites" title="Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites">Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Diaspora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner-Jews" title="Afrikaner-Jews">Afrikaner-Jode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuts" title="Chuts">Chuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galitzianers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Lita'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberlander_Jews" title="Oberlander Jews">Oberlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Udmurtia_and_Tatarstan" title="History of the Jews in Udmurtia and Tatarstan">Udmurt and Tatar Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unterlander_Jews" title="Unterlander Jews">Unterlander Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yekke" title="Yekke">Yekkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Abraham" title="Beta Abraham">Beta Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falash_Mura" title="Falash Mura">Falash Mura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_Jews" title="Desi Jews">Desi Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Kochinim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzínim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinopolitan_Karaites" title="Constantinopolitan Karaites">Constantinopolitan Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdish Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_Jews" title="Maghrebi Jews">Maghrebi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Alexandria" title="History of the Jews in Alexandria">Alexandrian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdadi_Jews" title="Baghdadi Jews">Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharan Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egyptian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Mountain Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Persian Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfalim" title="Urfalim">Urfalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeni_Jews" title="Adeni Jews">Adeni Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habbani_Jews" title="Habbani Jews">Ḥabbanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hadramaut" title="History of the Jews in Hadramaut">Hadhrami Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saada" title="History of the Jews in Saada">Saada Jews</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musta%27arabi_Jews" title="Musta'arabi Jews">Mustaʿravim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Jewish tribes of Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romaniote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Eastern Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Livorno" title="History of the Jews in Livorno">Livornese Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_African_Sephardim" title="North African Sephardim">North African Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradesi_Jews" title="Paradesi Jews">Paradesi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meshuchrarim" title="Meshuchrarim">Meshuchrarim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Sephardic Bnei Anusim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xuetes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_diaspora_languages" title="List of Jewish diaspora languages">Diasporic</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Hebrew" title="Mizrahi Hebrew">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Hebrew" title="Yemenite Hebrew">Yemenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberian_Hebrew" title="Tiberian Hebrew">Tiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Hebrew" title="Samaritan Hebrew">Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manually_coded_language#List_of_signed_languages" title="Manually coded language">Signed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Hebrew" title="Medieval Hebrew">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishnaic_Hebrew" title="Mishnaic Hebrew">Mishnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_vocalization" title="Babylonian vocalization">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_vocalization" title="Palestinian vocalization">Palestinian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Catalan" title="Judaeo-Catalan">Catalanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Amazigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic languages">Judeo-Arabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iraqi_Arabic" title="Judeo-Iraqi Arabic">Yahudic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Jewish_Arabic" title="Baghdad Jewish Arabic">Judeo-Baghdadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Moroccan_Arabic" title="Judeo-Moroccan Arabic">Judeo-Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tripolitanian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic">Judeo-Tripolitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tunisian_Arabic" title="Judeo-Tunisian Arabic">Judeo-Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Yemeni_Arabic" title="Judeo-Yemeni Arabic">Judeo-Yemeni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judaeo-Aramaic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum_(Aramaic_dialects)" title="Targum (Aramaic dialects)">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Barzani" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani">Barzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Betanure" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure">Betanure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Hulaulá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Zakho" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho">Lishana Deni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Neo-Aramaic_dialect_of_Urmia" title="Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia">Lishán Didán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Zab_Jewish_Neo-Aramaic" title="Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic">Lishanid Noshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Aramaic" title="Biblical Aramaic">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Babylonian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic">Talmudic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Palestinian_Aramaic" title="Jewish Palestinian Aramaic">Palestinian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galilean_dialect" title="Galilean dialect">Galilean</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Aragonese" title="Judaeo-Aragonese">Judeo-Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_English_varieties" title="Jewish English varieties">Jewish English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinglish" class="mw-redirect" title="Yinglish">Yinglish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heblish" class="mw-redirect" title="Heblish">Heblish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Judaeo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Piedmontese" title="Judaeo-Piedmontese">Judaeo-Piedmontese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Latin" title="Judeo-Latin">Judeo-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Marathi" title="Judeo-Marathi">Judeo-Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Judaeo-Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Persian" title="Judeo-Persian">Judeo-Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukhori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Borujerdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Borujerdi">Judeo-Borujerdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Golpaygani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Golpaygani">Judeo-Golpaygani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Hamedani" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Hamedani">Judeo-Hamedani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Shirazi" title="Judeo-Shirazi">Judeo-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Juhuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Portuguese" title="Judaeo-Portuguese">Judaeo-Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Urdu" title="Judeo-Urdu">Judeo-Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaim_language" title="Karaim language">Karaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_dialect" title="Kayla dialect">Kayliñña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Kivruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Koiné Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchak_language" title="Krymchak language">Krymchak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haketia" title="Haketia">Haketia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetuani_Ladino" title="Tetuani Ladino">Tetuani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotegorisch" title="Lotegorisch">Lotegorisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qwara_dialect" title="Qwara dialect">Qwareña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Shassagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Judeo-Provençal">Shuadit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" title="Yiddish dialects">dialects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Yiddish">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galitzish" class="mw-redirect" title="Galitzish">Galitzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Yiddish">Litvish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poylish" class="mw-redirect" title="Poylish">Poylish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klezmer-loshn" title="Klezmer-loshn">Klezmer-loshn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Yiddish">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Alsatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Alsatian">Judeo-Alsatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachoudisch" title="Lachoudisch">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots-Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Scots-Yiddish">Scots-Yiddish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Beliefs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_authority" title="Rabbinic authority">Rabbinic authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_as_the_chosen_people" title="Jews as the chosen people">Chosen people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Eschatology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_in_Judaism" title="Holiness in Judaism">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">Names of God</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sefirot" title="Sefirot">Sefirot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Branches_of_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of Judaism">Branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Religious movements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvishe" class="mw-redirect" title="Litvishe">Litvaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Hasidism" title="Neo-Hasidism">Neo-Hasidism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolog_Judaism" title="Neolog Judaism">Neolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationships_between_Jewish_religious_movements" title="Relationships between Jewish religious movements">relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Sifrei Kodesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a>/Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_texts_of_Kabbalah" title="Primary texts of Kabbalah">Kabbalah texts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hekhalot_literature" title="Hekhalot literature">Hekhalot literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardes_Rimonim" title="Pardes Rimonim">Pardes Rimonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_HaBahir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sefer HaBahir">Sefer HaBahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etz_Chaim_(book)" title="Etz Chaim (book)">Sefer HaEtz Chaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Raziel_HaMalakh" title="Sefer Raziel HaMalakh">Sefer Raziel HaMalakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Yetzirah" title="Sefer Yetzirah">Sefer Yetzirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_literature" title="Hebrew literature">Hebrew literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_astrology" title="Jewish astrology">Astrology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_astrology" title="Jewish views on astrology">perspectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monen" title="Monen">Monen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_astronomy" title="Hebrew astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_education" title="Jewish education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leadership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Judaism" class="mw-redirect" title="Divorce in Judaism">Divorce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_mythology" title="Jewish mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_name" title="Jewish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">Hazzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_symbolism" title="Jewish symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_studies" title="Jewish studies">Studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Jewish_History" title="Center for Jewish History">Center for Jewish History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Historical_Society" title="American Jewish Historical Society">American Jewish Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sephardi_Federation" title="American Sephardi Federation">American Sephardi Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Baeck_Institute_New_York" title="Leo Baeck Institute New York">Leo Baeck Institute New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University_Museum" title="Yeshiva University Museum">Yeshiva University Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO Institute for Jewish Research</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_Contemporary_Jewish_Documentation" title="Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation">Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica" title="Encyclopaedia Judaica">Encyclopaedia Judaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic studies on Jews">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Jew (word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Encyclopedia" title="The Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_YIVO_Encyclopedia_of_Jews_in_Eastern_Europe" title="The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe">YIVO Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Holocaust" title="Encyclopedia of the Holocaust">Encyclopedia of the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust Encyclopedia">Holocaust Encyclopedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_other_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Anabaptist–Jewish relations">Anabaptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Judaism" title="Catholic Church and Judaism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Mormonism" title="Judaism and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Judaism" title="Protestantism and Judaism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Halloween" title="Jews and Halloween">Jews and Halloween</a></li></ul></li> <li>non-Christian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate <a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/14px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/21px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/28px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as Karīm (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li>Ḥimār (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The kalb (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ʿAnkabūt (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li>Dābbat al-Arḍ (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li>Ḥimār (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li>Kirāman Kātibīn (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel">Muqarrabun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a> ('The Spirit') <ul><li>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a> or Wildān</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li>Dhūn-Nūn ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a> ('Those of the Perseverance and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li>Al-Masīḥ (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li>Ibn Maryam (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li>ʿAzīz (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li>Malik (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of ʿAzīz (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li>Imraʾat Firʿawn (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible" title="Pharaohs in the Bible">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li>Ḥawāriyyūn (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li>Qawm Lūṭ (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes, ethnicities or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Ar-Rūm</a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li>Ahl Madyan <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li>Qawm Tubbaʿ (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ahl al-Bayt ('People of the Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li>Ahl as-Suffa (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li>Majūs <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li>Ahl al-Kitāb (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li>Naṣārā (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Yahūd (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li>Madyan (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</li> <li>Miṣr (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> (excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li>Makkah (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li>Kaʿbah (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li>ʿArim Sabaʾ (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li>Al-Wādil-Ayman (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li>Bābil (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li>Qaryat Yūnus ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a> (Church)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li>Masjid (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li>Masjid Qubāʾ (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone">Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</a> (Black Stone) & <a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr">Ghār ath-Thawr</a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li>Dār an-Nadwa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of al-Aḥzāb</a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a> (The Friday)</li> <li>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a> ('Remembrance', including <a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a> ('Praising'), <a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a>): <ul><li>Al-ʿAshiyy (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li>Al-Ghuduww ('The Mornings') <ul><li>Al-Bukrah ('The Morning')</li> <li>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li>Al-Layl ('The Night') <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a> ('The Noon')</li> <li>Dulūk ash-Shams ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a> ('The Evening')</li> <li>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li>Al-Aṣīl ('The Afternoon')</li> <li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects of people or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols (cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li>Jibt and <a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The ʿijl (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Maṣābīḥ (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li>Al-Qamar (The Moon)</li> <li>Kawākib (Planets) <ul><li>Al-Arḍ (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li>Nujūm (Stars) <ul><li>Ash-Shams (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li>Baṣal (Onion)</li> <li>Fūm (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li>Shaṭʾ (Shoot)</li> <li>Sūq (Plant stem)</li> <li>Zarʿ (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ʿAdas (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li>Baql (Herb)</li> <li>Qith-thāʾ (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li>Rummān (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li>Tīn (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li>Zaytūn (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li>Athl (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li>Sidr (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Līnah (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li>Nakhl (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Māʾ (Water or fluid) <ul><li>Nahr (River)</li> <li>Yamm (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li>Sharāb (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Note: Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Template talk:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys_of_Paul_of_Tarsus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journeys of Paul of Tarsus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Journeys_of_Paul_the_Apostle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Journeys of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul the Apostle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Seleucia_Pieria" title="Seleucia Pieria">Seleucia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li>3a. <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a></li> <li>3b. <a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Perga" title="Perga">Perga</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Antioch_of_Pisidia" title="Antioch of Pisidia">Antioch of Pisidia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Iconium</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Attalea</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (returns to beginning of journey)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Troas" title="Alexandria Troas">Alexandria Troas</a>)</li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a></li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Kavala" title="Kavala">Neapolis</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Apollonia_(Mygdonia)" title="Apollonia (Mygdonia)">Apollonia</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessalonica</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Berea_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berea (Bible)">Beroea</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>19. <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third journey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1. <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li>2. <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a></li> <li>3. <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a></li> <li>4. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a></li> <li>5. <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a></li> <li>6. <a href="/wiki/Kechries" title="Kechries">Cenchreae</a></li> <li>7. <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(Roman_province)" title="Macedonia (Roman province)">Macedonia</a> (again)</li> <li>8. <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troas</a></li> <li>9. <a href="/wiki/Assos" title="Assos">Assos</a></li> <li>10. <a href="/wiki/Mytilene" title="Mytilene">Mytilene</a></li> <li>11. <a href="/wiki/Chios" title="Chios">Chios</a></li> <li>12. <a href="/wiki/Samos" title="Samos">Samos</a></li> <li>13. <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletus</a></li> <li>14. <a href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Cos</a></li> <li>15. <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></li> <li>16. <a href="/wiki/Patara_(Lycia)" title="Patara (Lycia)">Patara</a></li> <li>17. <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li>18. <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Ptolemais</a></li> <li>19. <a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea</a></li> <li>20. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in italics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Central Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;">East Asia</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;">North Asia</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Thunder_Cove" title="Camp Thunder Cove">Camp Thunder Cove</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> (de facto) *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>* Disputed. See: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz-Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz-Georgian conflict">Abkhaz-Georgian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Ossetian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Ossetian conflict">Georgian-Ossetian conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1218#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121586491">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/131280745">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1216276/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkp9jBRd8fKjb3BBXQDv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028586-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81126877">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118646774">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118646774">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628202">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134245&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451223">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000136370&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000061647">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007562169605171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058610800706706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/08a08584-b3a5-473a-b52e-00f5fd9b0649">MusicBrainz area</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/687928">Pleiades</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026390183">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044349">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=20086">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/kudus">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem&oldid=1259007788">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerusalem&oldid=1259007788</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighbourhoods_of_Jerusalem" title="Category:Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem">Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jerusalem" title="Category:Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Hebrew_pilgrimage_sites" title="Category:Ancient Hebrew pilgrimage 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different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 21:51 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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[\"CITEREFCabreraJorge_García-Serra1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCharles1902\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChosenKorach\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCidor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoker2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColby2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCordesman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Noel_FreedmanAllen_C._MyersAstrid_B._Beck2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavidovich2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenise_DeGarmo2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDore_Gold\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDumper1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDvir2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEisenstadt2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElihay2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElon1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEndo1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsposito2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFederman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerziger2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkelstein,_IsraelMazar,_Amihai2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGil_Zohar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGil_Zohar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGladstone2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolb1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenbergMizrachi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriver1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGross\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuinn2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasson2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHastings2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHershko\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoch1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoppe2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubbard\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInc\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonathan_Lis2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoseph_Naveh2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKahneman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeinan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellerman1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKen_Ellingwood2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKershner2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKollek1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuttab2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLappin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaub2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazaroff2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLefkovits2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLev2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewisHoltLambton1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLidman2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLis2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMa\u0026#039;ozSari_Nusseibeh2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall_J.Ahimeir2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasterman1902\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazar2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoshe_Amirav2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusa2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMøller,_Bjørn2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;ReillyJames_O\u0026#039;Reilly2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOr_Kashti2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOren-NordheimRuth_Kark2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrfali1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPazornik2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeggy_Cidor2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPellegrino1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPletcherLevyAugustynEtheredge2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRagson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRahhou2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRapoport2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRay2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymond_Hayward\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReiff2023\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRivka2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRory_Kess2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosen-Zvi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenblum\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamenow2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandersTimes2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegal1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegal1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeid2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSela\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSergi2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShalem1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolomon2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSonbol1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStoller\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStump1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTapsfield2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeller2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTorstrick2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTzippe_Barrow2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaughn,_Andrew_G.Ann_E._Killebrew2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalvoordZachary_J._HayesClark_H._PinnockWilliam_Crockett1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWohlgelernter2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYiffa_Yaakov2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 7,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleverse\"] = 9,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 2,\n [\"Characters and names in the Quran\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 57,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 57,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 172,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 16,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Doi\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 13,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 4,\n [\"Gallery\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 11,\n [\"Grc-transl\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvard citation no brackets\"] = 1,\n [\"Holy sites in Judaism\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA-all\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 13,\n [\"Ill\"] = 1,\n [\"In lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox designation list\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Jerusalem District\"] = 1,\n [\"Jerusalem Governorate\"] = 1,\n [\"Jerusalem sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Jews and Judaism\"] = 1,\n [\"Journeys of Paul of Tarsus\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 9,\n [\"Langx\"] = 7,\n [\"Largest Israeli cities\"] = 1,\n [\"List of Asian capitals by region\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Neighborhoods of Jerusalem\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 2,\n [\"OSM relation\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Old City (Jerusalem)\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-extended\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Qref\"] = 3,\n [\"Quotehadith\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 7,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Script/Arabic\"] = 1,\n [\"Script/Hebrew\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Sort under\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 4,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 2,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 29,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","480","18.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","400","15.3"],["dataWrapper 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