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<span>Ethnic tensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Division_of_Czechoslovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_of_Czechoslovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Division of Czechoslovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_of_Czechoslovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Czechoslovak Republic</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschecho-Slowakische_Republik_(1938-1939)" title="Tschecho-Slowakische Republik (1938-1939) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tschecho-Slowakische Republik (1938-1939)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمهورية التشيكوسلوفاكية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمهورية التشيكوسلوفاكية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Другая Чэхаславацкая рэспубліка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Другая Чэхаславацкая рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Втора чехословашка република – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Втора чехословашка република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_republika" title="Druhá republika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tschecho-Slowakische_Republik" title="Tschecho-Slowakische Republik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tschecho-Slowakische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teine_T%C5%A1ehhoslovakkia_Vabariik" title="Teine Tšehhoslovakkia Vabariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teine Tšehhoslovakkia Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_checoslovaca" title="Segunda República checoslovaca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda República checoslovaca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_respubliko_de_%C4%88e%C4%A5oslovakio" title="Dua respubliko de Ĉeĥoslovakio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua respubliko de Ĉeĥoslovakio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txekoslovakiako_Bigarren_Errepublika" title="Txekoslovakiako Bigarren Errepublika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txekoslovakiako Bigarren Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جمهوری دوم چکسلواکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری دوم چکسلواکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie)" title="Deuxième République (Tchécoslovaquie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuxième République (Tchécoslovaquie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84_%EC%A0%9C2%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="체코슬로바키아 제2공화국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체코슬로바키아 제2공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Cekoslowakia_Kedua" title="Republik Cekoslowakia Kedua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Cekoslowakia Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Repubblica_cecoslovacca" title="Seconda Repubblica cecoslovacca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda Repubblica cecoslovacca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%27%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="הרפובליקה הצ'כוסלובקית השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הצ'כוסלובקית השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ჩეხოსლოვაკიის მეორე რესპუბლიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხოსლოვაკიის მეორე რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cehoslov%C4%81kijas_Otr%C4%81_republika" title="Čehoslovākijas Otrā republika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čehoslovākijas Otrā republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Втора Чехословачка Република – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Втора Чехословачка Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Kedua_Czechoslovakia" title="Republik Kedua Czechoslovakia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Kedua Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Tsjecho-Slowaakse_Republiek" title="Tweede Tsjecho-Slowaakse Republiek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tweede Tsjecho-Slowaakse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Republika_Czechos%C5%82owacka" title="Druga Republika Czechosłowacka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Druga Republika Czechosłowacka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_da_Checoslov%C3%A1quia" title="Segunda República da Checoslováquia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda República da Checoslováquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Doua_Republic%C4%83_Cehoslovac%C4%83" title="A Doua Republică Cehoslovacă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A Doua Republică Cehoslovacă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вторая Чехословацкая республика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая Чехословацкая республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_%C4%8Desko-slovensk%C3%A1_republika" title="Druhá česko-slovenská republika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Druhá česko-slovenská republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Друга чехословачка република – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друга чехословачка република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_%C4%8Cehoslova%C4%8Dka_Republika" title="Druga Čehoslovačka Republika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Druga Čehoslovačka Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_tjeckoslovakiska_republiken" title="Andra tjeckoslovakiska republiken – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra tjeckoslovakiska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="สาธารณรัฐเชโกสโลวักที่ 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐเชโกสโลวักที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_%C3%87ekoslovak_Cumhuriyeti" title="İkinci Çekoslovak Cumhuriyeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkinci Çekoslovak Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Друга чехословацька республіка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга чехословацька республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_Nh%E1%BB%8B_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Ti%E1%BB%87p_Kh%E1%BA%AFc" title="Đệ Nhị Cộng hòa Tiệp Khắc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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.ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Czecho-Slovak Republic</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i>Česko-Slovenská republika</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1938–1939</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Czecho-Slovakia"><img alt="Flag of Czecho-Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Czechoslovakia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Czecho-Slovakia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Czecho-Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/85px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/128px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/170px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia">Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><i><a href="/wiki/Truth_prevails" title="Truth prevails">Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí</a></i><br /><small>"Truth prevails"</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/Kde_domov_m%C5%AFj" title="Kde domov můj">Kde domov můj</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Czech)</span></li><li><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.35em;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Where my home is</i></span></span></li><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="73" data-mwtitle="Czech_anthem.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Czech_anthem.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Czech_anthem.ogg/Czech_anthem.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=be&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be" label="беларуская ‪(be)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=bg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bg" label="български ‪(bg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština ‪(cs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=hr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hr" label="hrvatski ‪(hr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=hu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sah&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sah" label="саха тыла ‪(sah)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sk" label="slovenčina ‪(sk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sr-ec&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Cyrl" label="српски (ћирилица) ‪(sr-ec)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=sr-el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr-Latn" label="srpski (latinica) ‪(sr-el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=yi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="yi" label="ייִדיש ‪(yi)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACzech_anthem.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></li></ul></div> "<span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk"><a href="/wiki/Nad_Tatrou_sa_bl%C3%BDska" title="Nad Tatrou sa blýska">Nad Tatrou sa blýska</a></i></span>"<br /><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;">(English: <span lang="en">"Lightning Over the Tatras"</span>)</span><br /><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="85" data-mwtitle="Lightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Lightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/Lightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg/Lightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg&lang=sk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sk" label="slovenčina ‪(sk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALightning_over_the_Tatras.ogg&lang=tok&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tok" label="toki pona ‪(tok)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Czechoslovak_Republic_(1939).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Czechoslovak Republic at the beginning of 1939"><img alt="Czechoslovak Republic at the beginning of 1939" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Czechoslovak_Republic_%281939%29.svg/250px-Czechoslovak_Republic_%281939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Czechoslovak_Republic_%281939%29.svg/375px-Czechoslovak_Republic_%281939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Czechoslovak_Republic_%281939%29.svg/500px-Czechoslovak_Republic_%281939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="456" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Czechoslovak Republic at the beginning of 1939</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rump_state" title="Rump state">Rump state</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_language" title="Czechoslovak language">Czechoslovak</a> (Czech and Slovak)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovakian people">Czechoslovakian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a> under an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a> dictatorship</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1938–1939 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Czechoslovakia">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1938 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Syrov%C3%BD" title="Jan Syrový">Jan Syrový</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1938–1939 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Beran" title="Rudolf Beran">Rudolf Beran</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies" title="Chamber of Deputies">Chamber of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 September 1938</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak State</a> declared</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1939</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)#15–16_March" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">German occupation</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 1939</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_koruna" title="Czechoslovak koruna">Czechoslovak koruna</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Slovakia_%281939%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/20px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Second Czechoslovak Republic</b> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Druhá Česko-Slovenská republika</i>), officially the <b>Czecho-Slovak Republic</b> (Czech and Slovak: <i>Česko-Slovenská republika</i>), existed for 169 days, between 30 September 1938 and 15 March 1939. It was composed of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Silesia" title="Czech Silesia">Silesia</a> and the autonomous regions of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Slovakia_(1938-1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Slovakia (1938-1939)">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Subcarpathian_Rus%27_(1938-1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Subcarpathian Rus' (1938-1939)">Subcarpathian Rus'</a>, the latter being renamed <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ukraine_(1938-1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ukraine (1938-1939)">Carpathian Ukraine</a> on 30 December 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERychlíkRychlíková2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERychlíkRychlíková2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second Republic was the result of the events following the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a>, where Czechoslovakia was forced to cede the German-populated <a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a> region to Germany on 1 October 1938. After the Munich Agreement and the German government made clear to foreign diplomats that Czechoslovakia was now a German client state, the Czechoslovak government attempted to curry favour with Germany by banning the country's <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party</a>, suspending all Jewish teachers in German educational institutes in Czechoslovakia, and enacted a law to allow the state to take over Jewish companies.<sup id="cite_ref-czechoslovakia1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czechoslovakia1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the government allowed the country's banks to effectively come under German–Czechoslovak control.<sup id="cite_ref-czechoslovakia1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czechoslovakia1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 November, by the <a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a>, the southern parts of Slovakia and <a href="/wiki/Subcarpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcarpathian Ruthenia">Subcarpathian Ruthenia</a> were ceded to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a>. </p><p>The Second Republic was dissolved when Germany invaded it on 15 March 1939, and annexed the Czech region into the <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a>. On the same day as the German occupation, the President of Czechoslovakia, <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> was appointed by the German government as the State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia which he held throughout the war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Czechoslovakia had become a shell of its former self and was now a greatly weakened state. The Munich Agreement had resulted in Bohemia and Moravia losing about 38 percent of their combined area to Germany, with some 3.2 million German and 750,000 Czech inhabitants. Lacking its natural frontier and having lost its <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_border_fortifications" title="Czechoslovak border fortifications">costly system of border fortification</a>, the new state was militarily indefensible. </p><p>Hungary received 11,882 km<sup>2</sup> (4,588 sq mi) in southern Slovakia and southern Ruthenia; according to a 1941 census, about 86.5 percent of the population in this territory was Hungarian. Poland acquired the town of <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD_T%C4%9B%C5%A1%C3%ADn" title="Český Těšín">Těšín</a> with the surrounding area—some 906 km<sup>2</sup> (350 sq mi), some 250,000 inhabitants, mostly Poles—and two minor border areas in northern Slovakia, more precisely in the regions Spiš and Orava – 226 km<sup>2</sup> (87 sq mi), 4,280 inhabitants, only 0.3 percent Poles. The Czechoslovak government had problems in taking care of the 115,000 Czech and 30,000 German refugees, who had fled to the remaining rump of Czechoslovakia. </p><p>The political system of the country was also in chaos. Following the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a> on 5 October, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jan_Syrov%C3%BD" title="Jan Syrový">Jan Syrový</a> took over most presidential duties—as per the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Constitution_of_1920" title="Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920">Constitution</a>—until <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> was chosen as President on 30 November 1938. Hácha was chosen because of his Catholicism and conservatism and because of not being involved in any government that led to the partition of the country. He appointed <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Beran" title="Rudolf Beran">Rudolf Beran</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrarian Party (Czechoslovakia)">Agrarian Party</a> since 1933, as prime minister on 1 December 1938. </p><p>Unlike most Agrarians, Beran was sceptical of liberalism and democracy. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party</a> was dissolved, although its members were allowed to remain in Parliament. Tough censorship was introduced, and an Enabling Act was also introduced, which allowed the government to rule without parliament. Most of the non-socialist parties in the Czech Lands merged into the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_National_Unity_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Party of National Unity (Czechoslovakia)">Party of National Unity</a>, with Beran as leader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_tensions">Ethnic tensions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnic tensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The greatly weakened Czechoslovak Republic was forced to grant major concessions to the non-Czechs. Following the Munich Agreement, the Czechoslovak army transferred parts of its units, originally in the Czech lands, to Slovakia, meant to counter the obvious Hungarian attempts to revise the Slovak borders. </p><p>The Czechoslovak government accepted the Žilina Agreement stipulating the formation of an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Land_of_Slovakia" title="Autonomous Land of Slovakia">autonomous Slovak government</a> with all Slovak parties except the Social Democrats on 6 October 1938. <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Jozef Tiso</a> was nominated as its head. The only common ministries that remained were those of National Defence, Foreign Affairs and Finances. As part of the deal, the country officially adopted the short-form name of Czecho-Slovakia. </p><p>Similarly, the two major factions in <a href="/wiki/Subcarpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcarpathian Ruthenia">Subcarpathian Ruthenia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Russophiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Russophiles">Russophiles</a> and Ukrainophiles, agreed on the establishment of an autonomous government, which was constituted on 8 October 1938. Reflecting the spread of modern Ukrainian national consciousness, the pro-Ukrainian faction, led by <a href="/wiki/Avhustyn_Voloshyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Avhustyn Voloshyn">Avhustyn Voloshyn</a>, gained control of the local government and Subcarpathian Ruthenia was renamed <a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaalenase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Malaalenase.jpg/240px-Malaalenase.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Malaalenase.jpg/360px-Malaalenase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Malaalenase.jpg/480px-Malaalenase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6672" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption>"Small, but our own" – contemporary map of the Second Republic</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 October, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_%C4%8Eur%C4%8Dansk%C3%BD" title="Ferdinand Ďurčanský">Ferdinand Ďurčanský</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Karmasin" title="Franz Karmasin">Franz Karmasin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mach" title="Alexander Mach">Alexander Mach</a> were received by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>. On 1 January 1939, the Slovak State Assembly was opened. On 18 January, the first elections of the Slovak Assembly took place, where the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_People%27s_Party" title="Slovak People's Party">Party of Slovak National Unity</a>–a merger of all nonsocialist Slovak parties–received 98 percent of the votes. </p><p>On 12 February, <a href="/wiki/Vojtech_Tuka" title="Vojtech Tuka">Vojtech Tuka</a> and Karmazin met with <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, and on 22 February, Tiso proposed the formation of an autonomous Slovak state during his presentation of the Slovak Government to the assembly. On 27 February, the Slovak government asked the central government for the Slovakisation of the Czecho-Slovak army units stationed in Slovakia and for Slovak ambassadors and consuls to be named as representatives of the autonomous Slovak state. </p><p>Disputes continued and, on 1 March 1939, the Ministerial Committee of the Czecho-Slovak government met, where the question of Slovak departure from the state was in focus. There were some disagreement between Tiso and other Slovak politicians, and <a href="/wiki/Karol_Sidor" title="Karol Sidor">Karol Sidor</a> (who had represented the Slovak government in the meeting) returned to <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a> to discuss the matter with Tiso. On 6 March, the Slovak government proclaimed its loyalty to the Czecho-Slovak Republic and its wish to remain a part of the state. </p><p>In a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> on 7 March, Ďurčanský and Tuka were pressed to declare their autonomy from the Czecho-Slovak state. After their return two days later, the <a href="/wiki/Hlinka_Guard" title="Hlinka Guard">Hlinka Guard</a> was mobilised, which in turn forced the Czecho-Slovak President, <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a>, to react strongly and declared martial law in Slovakia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Division_of_Czechoslovakia">Division of Czechoslovakia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Division of Czechoslovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Category:History of Czechoslovakia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="History of Czechoslovakia">History of <span class="fn org label">Czechoslovakia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918-1938_and_1945-1961).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1938_and_1945-1961%29.svg/100px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1938_and_1945-1961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1938_and_1945-1961%29.svg/150px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1938_and_1945-1961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1938_and_1945-1961%29.svg/200px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1938_and_1945-1961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Origins of Czechoslovakia">Origins of Czechoslovakia</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_declaration_of_independence" title="Czechoslovak declaration of independence">Washington Declaration</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1918</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1918–1938</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1938</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Czechoslovak Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1938–1939</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">German occupation</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1938–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;">     <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1939–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;">     <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1939–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak government-in-exile</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1939–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Third Czechoslovak Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1945–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;">     <a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">Coup d'état</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1948–1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;">     <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a>/<a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Invasion</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1968</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Velvet_Revolution" title="Velvet Revolution">Velvet Revolution</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;">     <a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)">Post-revolution</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1989–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Federative_Republic" title="Czech and Slovak Federative Republic">Federative Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1990–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">Dissolution of Czechoslovakia</a></td><td style="text-align:left;font-size:91%;">1992</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Template:History of Czechoslovakia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Template talk:History of Czechoslovakia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Czechoslovakia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In January 1939, negotiations between Germany and Poland broke down. Hitler scheduled an invasion of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> for the morning of 15 March. In the interim, he negotiated with the Slovak People's Party and with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> and its representatives for the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_minority_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian minority in Slovakia">Hungarian minority in Slovakia</a> to prepare the dismemberment of the Second Czechoslovak Republic before the invasion. On 13 March, he invited <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Jozef Tiso</a> to Berlin, where he offered Tiso the option of proclaiming the Slovak state and seceding from Czecho-Slovakia. </p><p>In such a case, Germany would be Slovakia's protector and would not allow the Hungarians to press on Slovakia any additional territorial demands. If the Slovaks declined, Germany would occupy <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> and disinterest himself in Slovakia's fate—in effect, leaving the Slovaks to the mercies of the Hungarians and the Poles (Poland had claimed the Slovak <a href="/wiki/Spi%C5%A1" title="Spiš">Spiš</a> territory since the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Czechoslovak_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Czechoslovak War">Polish-Czechoslovak War</a>). During the meeting, <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> passed on a—false—report saying that Hungarian troops were approaching Slovak borders. Tiso refused to make such a decision himself, after which he was allowed by Hitler to organize a meeting of the Slovak parliament ("Diet of the Slovak Land"), which would approve Slovakia's independence. </p><p>On 14 March, the Slovak parliament convened and heard Tiso's report on his discussion with Hitler as well as a declaration of independence. Some of the deputies were skeptical of making such a move, but the debate was quickly quashed when Karmasin announced that any delay in declaring independence would result in Slovakia being divided between Hungary and Germany. Under these circumstances, Parliament unanimously declared Slovak independence, and Tiso was appointed the first Prime Minister of the new republic. The next day, Tiso sent a telegram (which had actually been composed the previous day in Berlin) asking the Third Reich to take over the protection of the newly minted state. The request was readily accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-RiseFall_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RiseFall-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, Czechoslovak President <a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a> was summoned to a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a> during the early hours of 15 March, and informed Hácha of the imminent Nazi invasion plan. Here, Hácha was threatened with aerial bombardment of Prague<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unless he signed a document accepting the capitulation of the Czechoslovak Army and the foundation of a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> under the protection and supremacy of the <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a>. After several strokes, he was forced to sign the document even though he did not consult the parliament beforehand. </p><p>On the morning of 15 March, German troops entered Bohemia and Moravia, meeting no resistance. The Hungarian occupation of Carpatho-Ukraine did encounter resistance but the Hungarian army quickly crushed it. On 16 March, Hitler went to Czechoslovakia and from <a href="/wiki/Prague_Castle" title="Prague Castle">Prague Castle</a> proclaimed the new <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a>. Independent Czechoslovakia collapsed in the wake of foreign aggression, ethnic divisions and internal tensions. Subsequently, interwar Czechoslovakia has been idealized by its proponents as the only bastion of democracy surrounded by authoritarian and fascist regimes. It has also been condemned by its detractors as an artificial, Czech-dominated and unworkable creation of intellectuals supported by the great victorious powers of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, notably the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">French Third Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Czechoslovakia">Interwar Czechoslovakia</a> comprised lands and peoples that were far from being integrated into a modern nation-state. Moreover, the dominant Czechs, who had suffered political discrimination under the Habsburgs, were not able to cope with the demands of other nationalities. After the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Czechoslovakia was re-established and regained almost all of its territory, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Subcarpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcarpathian Ruthenia">Subcarpathian Ruthenia</a>, which was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and the small portions of territory of <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> annexed by <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERychlíkRychlíková2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERychlíkRychlíková2016_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRychlíkRychlíková2016">Rychlík & Rychlíková 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-czechoslovakia1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-czechoslovakia1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-czechoslovakia1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Crowhurst, Patrick. Hitler and Czechoslovakia in World War II: Domination and Retaliation. pp. 83–84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RiseFall-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RiseFall_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Shirer, <i>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</i> (Touchstone Edition) (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dokumenty z historie československé politiky, 1939–1945. II., Prague 1966, pp. 420–422.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGebhartKuklík2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gebhart, J.; Kuklík, J. (2004). <i>Druhá republika 1938–1939</i> (in Czech). Prague: Litomyšl. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788071856269" title="Special:BookSources/9788071856269"><bdi>9788071856269</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Druh%C3%A1+republika+1938%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Litomy%C5%A1l&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788071856269&rft.aulast=Gebhart&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Kukl%C3%ADk%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Czechoslovak+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennan1968" class="citation book cs1">Kennan, G. F. (1968). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frompragueafterm0000kenn"><i>From Prague after Munich: Diplomatic Papers, 1938–1939</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691010632" title="Special:BookSources/9780691010632"><bdi>9780691010632</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Prague+after+Munich%3A+Diplomatic+Papers%2C+1938%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9780691010632&rft.aulast=Kennan&rft.aufirst=G.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrompragueafterm0000kenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Czechoslovak+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRychlíkRychlíková2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rychlík, J.; Rychlíková, M. (2016). <i>Podkarpatská Rus v dějinách Československa, 1918–1946</i> (in Czech). Prague: Vyšehrad. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788074295560" title="Special:BookSources/9788074295560"><bdi>9788074295560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Podkarpatsk%C3%A1+Rus+v+d%C4%9Bjin%C3%A1ch+%C4%8Ceskoslovenska%2C+1918%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Vy%C5%A1ehrad&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9788074295560&rft.aulast=Rychl%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Rychl%C3%ADkov%C3%A1%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Czechoslovak+Republic" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Munich_Agreement639" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Munich_Agreement" title="Template:Munich Agreement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Munich_Agreement" title="Template talk:Munich Agreement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Munich_Agreement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Munich Agreement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Munich_Agreement639" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Prelude</li><li><span class="nobold">(Oct 1925 – Sep 1938)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Locarno_Treaties" title="Locarno Treaties">Locarno Treaties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sudeten_German_Party" title="Sudeten German Party">Sudeten German Party</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1935_Czechoslovak_parliamentary_election" title="1935 Czechoslovak parliamentary election">Parliamentary election, 1935</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_border_fortifications" title="Czechoslovak border fortifications">Border fortifications</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_Gr%C3%BCn_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Fall Grün (Czechoslovakia)"><i>Fall Grün</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hossbach_Memorandum" title="Hossbach Memorandum">Hossbach Memorandum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich" title="Heim ins Reich">Heim ins Reich</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/May_Crisis" title="May Crisis">May Crisis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Runciman_Mission" title="Runciman Mission">Runciman Mission</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bled_agreement_(1938)" title="Bled agreement (1938)">Bled Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Runciman_Report_(1938)" title="Runciman Report (1938)">Runciman Report</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Godesberg_Memorandum" title="Godesberg Memorandum">Godesberg Memorandum</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oster_conspiracy" title="Oster conspiracy">Oster Conspiracy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sudeten_German_uprising" title="Sudeten German uprising">Sudeten German uprising</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Consequences</li><li><span class="nobold">(Nov 1938 – Sep 1939)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">First Vienna Award</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Czechoslovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">German invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak government-in-exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine#Hungarian_invasion" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak%E2%80%93Hungarian_War" title="Slovak–Hungarian War">Slovak–Hungarian War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_invasion_of_Poland" title="Slovak invasion of Poland">Slovak invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost#Phases_of_the_plan_and_its_implementation" title="Generalplan Ost"><i>Generalplan Ost</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Nullification</li><li><span class="nobold">(Mar 1945 – Dec 1973)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Third Czechoslovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_evacuation_from_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="German evacuation from Central and Eastern Europe">German evacuation from Central and Eastern Europe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_Germans_from_Czechoslovakia" title="Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia">German expulsion from Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bene%C5%A1_decrees" title="Beneš decrees">Beneš decrees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Treaties,_1947" title="Paris Peace Treaties, 1947">Paris Peace Treaties</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Prague_(1973)" title="Treaty of Prague (1973)">Treaty of Prague</a> (1973)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Events preceding the war in Europe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Chamberlain_ministry" title="European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry">European foreign policy of the Chamberlain ministry</a>: <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Peace_for_our_time" title="Peace for our time">Peace for our time</a>"</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lesson_of_Munich" title="Lesson of Munich">Lesson of Munich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918%E2%80%931938)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)">History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Czechoslovakia_(1918%E2%80%931938)" title="Germans in Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)">Germans in Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_betrayal#Czechoslovakia" title="Western betrayal">Western betrayal</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Arms_and_the_Covenant" title="Arms and the Covenant">Arms and the Covenant</a></i> (1938)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Why_England_Slept" title="Why England Slept">Why England Slept</a></i> (1940)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_Czechoslovak_statehood150" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Czechoslovakia_timeline" title="Template:Czechoslovakia timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Czechoslovakia_timeline" title="Template talk:Czechoslovakia timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Czechoslovakia_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Czechoslovakia timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_Czechoslovak_statehood150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak</a> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">statehood</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:120%;"> <td> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-left:1px solid #bbb;"><b><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Origins of Czechoslovakia">Pre-1918</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="width:24%; border-left:1px solid #bbb;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918%E2%80%931938)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1918–1938)">1918–1938</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #bbb;"><b><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany">1938–1945</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="width:4%; border-left:1px solid #bbb;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1945%E2%80%931948)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1945–1948)">1945–1948</a></b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #bbb;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1948%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)">1948–1989</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1" style="width:4%; border-left:1px solid #bbb;border-right:1px solid #bbb;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)">1989–1992</a></b> </td> <td colspan="1"><b><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">1993–</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #bbb;line-height:1.4em;font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#d0f0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cisleithania" title="Cisleithania">Austrian Empire</a> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background:#e6e7e8;"><b><a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Republic</a></b><sup>a</sup> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#f4c2c2;"><a href="/wiki/Sudetenland" title="Sudetenland">Sudetenland</a><sup>b</sup> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#e6e7e8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Third Republic</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="width:14%; background:#e6e7e8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Czechoslovak_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Czechoslovak Republic">Fourth Republic</a></b><sup>e</sup><br /><small>1948–1960</small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="width:36%; background:#e6e7e8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a></b><sup>f</sup><br /><small>1960–1990</small> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background:#e6e7e8;"><b><a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Federative_Republic" title="Czech and Slovak Federative Republic">Czech and Slovak Federative Republic</a></b><br /><small>1990–1992</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="width:2%; background:#e6e7e8;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second<br /><span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"> Republic</span></a></b><sup>c</sup><br /><small>1938–1939</small> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="width:10%; background:#f4c2c2;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a></b><br /><small>1939–1945</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #bbb;font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia" title="History of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></b> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background:#d0f0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> </td> <td style="background:#f4c2c2;"><b><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Republic (1939–45)">Slovak Republic</a></b><br /><small>1939–1945</small> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.4em;background:#eef;"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#f4c2c2;"><b>Southern Slovakia and <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ukraine_(1938-1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ukraine (1938-1939)">Carpathian Ukraine</a></span></span></b><sup>d</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top:1px solid #bbb;border-bottom:1px solid #bbb;font-size:110%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Subcarpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcarpathian Ruthenia">Subcarpathian Ruthenia</a></b> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background:#ecebb8;"><a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia Oblast</a><sup>g</sup><br /><small>1944 / 1946 – 1991</small> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#eeeeae;"><a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia Oblast</a><sup>h</sup><br /><small>1991–present</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="background:#d6f7c8;white-space:nowrap;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#e6e7e8;text-align:centre;font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak <span class="nowrap">government-in-exile</span></a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid #bbb;background:none;text-align:left;font-size:85%;"> <p><sup>a</sup> ČSR; boundaries and government established by <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Constitution_of_1920" title="Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920">the 1920 constitution</a>.<br /> <sup>b</sup> Annexed by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<br /> <sup>c</sup> ČSR; included the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous area">autonomous regions</a> of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia.<br /> <sup>d</sup> <a href="/wiki/First_Vienna_Award" title="First Vienna Award">Annexed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> (1939–1945).<br /> </p> </td> <td colspan="8" style="border-top:1px solid #bbb;background:none;text-align:left;font-size:85%;"> <p><sup>e</sup> ČSR; declared a "people's democracy" (without a formal name change) under the <a href="/wiki/Ninth-of-May_Constitution" title="Ninth-of-May Constitution">Ninth-of-May Constitution</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948">1948 coup</a>.<br /> <sup>f</sup> ČSSR; from 1969, after the <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">Prague Spring</a>, consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Socialist_Republic" title="Czech Socialist Republic">Czech Socialist Republic</a> (ČSR) and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Slovak Socialist Republic">Slovak Socialist Republic</a> (SSR).<br /> <sup>g</sup> <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">Oblast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a>.<br /> <span style="font-size:110%;"><sup>h</sup></span> Oblast of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<br /> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&oldid=1253480522">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Czechoslovak_Republic&oldid=1253480522</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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