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class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #e0e0e0;"> <div>Neitron<br /><small><i><a href="/wiki/Satellite_de_reconnaissance" title="Satellite de reconnaissance">satellite de reconnaissance</a> radar</i></small></div> </div> <table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Données générales</caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Agence_spatiale" title="Agence spatiale">Organisation</a></th> <td> <span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/VKO" class="mw-disambig" title="VKO">VKO</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Constructeur</th> <td> <span class="flagicon" data-sort-value=""><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de la Russie"><img alt="Drapeau de la Russie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/NPO_Machinostro%C3%AFenia" title="NPO Machinostroïenia">NPO Machinostroïenia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Domaine</th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_militaire" title="Reconnaissance militaire">Reconnaissance militaire</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Type de <a href="/wiki/Histoire_du_vol_spatial" title="Histoire du vol spatial">mission</a></th> <td> Orbiteur</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Nombre d'exemplaires</th> <td> 1 (2022)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Statut</th> <td> opérationnel</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;">Autres noms</th> <td> 14F01, Cosmos 2553</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Lancement_(astronautique)" title="Lancement (astronautique)">Lancement</a></th> <td> 2022-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Lanceur_(astronautique)" title="Lanceur (astronautique)">Lanceur</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz 2.1a</a>/Fregat</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;">Caractéristiques techniques</caption> </table><table><caption style="background-color:#e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Orbite_h%C3%A9liosynchrone" title="Orbite héliosynchrone">Orbite héliosynchrone</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Altitude" title="Altitude">Altitude</a></th> <td> 2000 km</td> </tr><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:10em;"><a href="/wiki/Inclinaison_orbitale" title="Inclinaison orbitale">Inclinaison</a></th> <td> 67°</td> </tr></tbody></table> <p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#e0e0e0;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neitron&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Engin_spatial" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p><b>Neitron</b> (<a href="/wiki/Indice_GRAU" title="Indice GRAU">indice GRAU</a> 14F01), également appelé <b>Tekhnolog</b>, est une famille de <a href="/wiki/Satellite_de_reconnaissance" title="Satellite de reconnaissance">satellites de reconnaissance</a> militaires radar <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">russes</a> dont le premier lancement a eu lieu en février 2022. </p><p>Le satellite est développé par la société <a href="/wiki/NPO_Machinostro%C3%AFenia" title="NPO Machinostroïenia">NPO Machinostroïenia</a>. Cette société, implantée à <a href="/wiki/Reoutov" title="Reoutov">Reoutov</a> dans la banlieue de Moscou et spécialisée dans la fabrication de <a href="/wiki/Missile_de_croisi%C3%A8re" title="Missile de croisière">missiles de croisière</a>, est également le constructeur du <a href="/wiki/Satellite_d%27observation_de_la_Terre" title="Satellite d'observation de la Terre">satellite d'observation de la Terre</a> radar civil <a href="/wiki/Kondor_(satellite)" title="Kondor (satellite)">Kondor</a>. </p><p>Il n'existe aucune information officielle précise sur les caractéristiques du satellite. La <a href="/wiki/Plateforme_(astronautique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plateforme (astronautique)">plateforme</a> utilisée semble être identique à celle du satellite Kondor. La première mention du satellite remonte à 2017. L'<a href="/wiki/Inclinaison_orbitale" title="Inclinaison orbitale">inclinaison orbitale</a> sur laquelle le satellite a été placé (67°) est identique à celles des satellites d'écoute électronique <a href="/wiki/Pion-NKS" title="Pion-NKS">Pion-NKS</a> et <a href="/wiki/Lotos_(satellite)" title="Lotos (satellite)">Lotos</a> mais il circule à une altitude beaucoup plus élevée (2000 kilomètres)<sup id="cite_ref-GunterBarsM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GunterBarsM-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitron&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitron&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:36em; column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GunterBarsM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GunterBarsM_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dirk_Krebs"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gunter_Dirk_Krebs"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Gunter Dirk Krebs, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/neitron.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Neitron (14F01)</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Gunter's Space Page</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-01-08" data-sort-value="2022-01-08">8 janvier 2022</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Zak"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anatoly_Zak"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Anatoly Zak, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.russianspaceweb.com/neitron.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Soyuz launches a secret cargo</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">russianspaceweb.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-01-08" data-sort-value="2022-01-08">8 janvier 2022</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitron&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitron&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitron&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neitron&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_de_reconnaissance" title="Satellite de reconnaissance">Satellite de reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondor_(satellite)" title="Kondor (satellite)">Kondor</a> Autre satellite radar russe à usage civil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPO_Machinostro%C3%AFenia" title="NPO Machinostroïenia">NPO Machinostroïenia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_sovi%C3%A9tique_et_russe" title="Modèle:Palette Programme spatial soviétique et russe"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Programme_spatial_sovi%C3%A9tique_et_russe&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Programme_spatial_sovi%C3%A9tique_et_russe" title="Programme spatial soviétique et russe">Programme spatial soviétique et russe</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Lanceurs</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(famille_de_lanceurs)" title="R-7 (famille de lanceurs)">R-7</a> (depuis 1957) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spoutnik_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Spoutnik (fusée)">Spoutnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Vostok (fusée)">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molnia_(lanceur)" title="Molnia (lanceur)">Molniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Voskhod (fusée)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz U2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz (fusée)">Soyouz ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_2.1v" title="Soyouz 2.1v">Soyouz 2.1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Cosmos (fusée)">Cosmos</a> (1962-2010) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Cosmos (fusée)">Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Cosmos (fusée)">Cosmos 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Cosmos (fusée)">Cosmos 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Cosmos (fusée)">Cosmos 3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Cosmos (fusée)">K65M-RB5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Proton (fusée)">Proton</a> (depuis 1965) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Proton (fusée)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Proton (fusée)">Proton K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Proton (fusée)">Proton M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-1_(lanceur_sovi%C3%A9tique)" title="N-1 (lanceur soviétique)">N-1</a> (1969-1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon" title="Tsiklon">Tsyklon</a> (1967-2009) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon-2" title="Tsiklon-2">R-36 orb.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon-2" title="Tsiklon-2">Tsyklon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon-2" title="Tsiklon-2">Tsyklon 2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon-3" title="Tsiklon-3">Tsyklon 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energuia" title="Energuia">Energuia</a> (1987-1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Zenit (fusée)">Zenit</a> (depuis 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1">START</a> (depuis 1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a> (depuis 1995) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot-M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Volna (fusée)">Volna</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29RM_Shtil" title="R-29RM Shtil">Shtil</a> (1998-2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Strela (fusée)">Strela</a> (depuis 2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Angara (fusée)">Angara</a> (depuis 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz-5_(fus%C3%A9e)" title="Soyouz-5 (fusée)">Soyouz-5</a> (en développement)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Étages supérieurs</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li>Bloc L (Molniya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_D" title="Bloc D">Bloc D</a> (Proton, N1, Energiya, Zenit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briz" title="Briz">Briz</a> (Rokot, Proton, Angara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikar" title="Ikar">Ikar</a> (Soyouz U)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fregat" title="Fregat">Fregat</a> (Soyouz U, FG, 2.1a, 2.1b, ST-A, ST-B)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_(%C3%A9tage_de_fus%C3%A9e)" title="Volga (étage de fusée)">Volga</a> (Soyouz 2.1a, 2.1v)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Vol_spatial_habit%C3%A9" title="Vol spatial habité">Missions habitées</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programmes</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Vostok" title="Programme Vostok">Programme Vostok</a> (1960-1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Voskhod" title="Programme Voskhod">Programme Voskhod</a> (1964-1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Zond" title="Programme Zond">Programme Zond</a> (1964-1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Soyouz" title="Programme Soyouz">Programme Soyouz</a> (depuis 1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_lunaire_habit%C3%A9_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Programme lunaire habité soviétique">Programme lunaire habité soviétique</a> (1964-1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout" title="Saliout">Saliout</a> (1971-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo-Soyouz" title="Apollo-Soyouz">Apollo-Soyouz</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> (1973-1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a> (1986-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourane" title="Bourane">Bourane</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Shuttle-Mir" title="Programme Shuttle-Mir">Programme Shuttle-Mir</a> (1994-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a> (depuis 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_de_recherche_lunaire_internationale" title="Station de recherche lunaire internationale">Station de recherche lunaire internationale</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Vaisseau_spatial" title="Vaisseau spatial">Vaisseaux spatiaux</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Voskhod (vaisseau spatial)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Vostok (vaisseau spatial)">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyouz_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="Soyouz (véhicule spatial)">Soyouz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LK_(v%C3%A9hicule_spatial)" title="LK (véhicule spatial)">LK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKS_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="TKS (vaisseau spatial)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="Oriol (vaisseau spatial)">Oriol</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale" title="Station spatiale">Stations spatiales</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_1" title="Saliout 1">Saliout 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_2" title="Saliout 2">Saliout 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_3" title="Saliout 3">Saliout 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_4" title="Saliout 4">Saliout 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_5" title="Saliout 5">Saliout 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_6" title="Saliout 6">Saliout 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saliout_7" title="Saliout 7">Saliout 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(station_spatiale)" title="Mir (station spatiale)">Mir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_spatiale_internationale" title="Station spatiale internationale">Station spatiale internationale</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Satellite_scientifique" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite scientifique">Satellites scientifiques</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Exploration du<br />système solaire</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Luna" title="Programme Luna">Programme Luna</a> (1959-1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Marsnik" title="Programme Marsnik">Programme Marsnik</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Mars" title="Programme Mars">Programme Mars</a> (1960-1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Venera" title="Programme Venera">Programme Venera</a> (1961-1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Zond" title="Programme Zond">Programme Zond</a> (1964-1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Lunokhod" title="Programme Lunokhod">Programme Lunokhod</a> (1970-1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Vega (sonde spatiale)">Programme Vega</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Phobos" title="Programme Phobos">Programme Phobos</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_96" title="Mars 96">Mars 96</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos-Grunt" title="Phobos-Grunt">Phobos-Grunt</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">Luna 25</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera-D" title="Venera-D">Venera-D</a> (2029)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Astronomie</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astron_(satellite)" title="Astron (satellite)">Astron</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RadioAstron" title="RadioAstron">RadioAstron</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observatoire_spatial_mondial-Ultraviolet" title="Observatoire spatial mondial-Ultraviolet">WSO‑UV</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Étude du Soleil</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronas-I" title="Coronas-I">Coronas-I</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronas-F" title="Coronas-F">Coronas-F</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronas-Photon" title="Coronas-Photon">Coronas-Foton</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Satellite_d%27observation_de_la_Terre" title="Satellite d'observation de la Terre">Observation de la Terre</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektron_(satellite)" title="Elektron (satellite)">Elektron</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera" title="Sfera">Sfera</a> (1968-1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionosferna%C3%AFa_Stantsi%C3%AFa" title="Ionosfernaïa Stantsiïa">Ionosfernaïa Stantsiïa</a> (1969-1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9ole_1_et_2" title="Auréole 1 et 2">Auréole 1 et 2</a> (1971-1973) franco-russe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_(satellite)" title="Prognoz (satellite)">Prognoz</a> (1972-1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9ole_3" title="Auréole 3">Auréole 3</a> (1981) franco-russe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prognoz_(satellite)" title="Prognoz (satellite)">Prognoz-M</a> (1995-1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Relek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relek (page inexistante)">Relek</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Lomonossov_(satellite)" title="Mikhaïl Lomonossov (satellite)">Mikhaïl Lomonossov</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka-T" title="Oka-T">Oka-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezonans" title="Rezonans">Rezonans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strannik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strannik (page inexistante)">Strannik</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Technologie, autres</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spoutnik" title="Spoutnik">Spoutnik</a> (1957-1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Spoutnik" title="Dnipropetrovsk Spoutnik">Dnipropetrovsk Spoutnik</a> (1960-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercosmos" title="Intercosmos">Intercosmos</a> (1972-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efir" title="Efir">Efir</a> (1984-1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foton_(satellite)" title="Foton (satellite)">Foton</a> (depuis 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znamia" title="Znamia">Znamia</a> (1992-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeya_(satellite)" title="Zeya (satellite)">Zeya</a> (1997)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Satellites d'application</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Satellite_d%27observation_de_la_Terre" title="Satellite d'observation de la Terre">Observation de la Terre</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteor_(satellite)" title="Meteor (satellite)">Meteor</a> (depuis 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resours-F" title="Resours-F">Resours-F</a> (1979-1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resours-O1" title="Resours-O1">Resours-O1</a> (1983-1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz#Les_satellites_radar_Almaz-T" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> (1986-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okean" title="Okean">Okean</a> (depuis 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektro-1" title="Elektro-1">Elektro-1</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor-E" title="Monitor-E">Monitor-E</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resours-DK1" title="Resours-DK1">Resours-DK1</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektro-L" title="Elektro-L">Elektro-L</a> (2011-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopus-V" title="Canopus-V">Canopus-V</a> (2012-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resours-P" title="Resours-P">Resours-P</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(satellite)" title="Arktika (satellite)">Arktika</a> (2017-)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkout_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkout (satellite) (page inexistante)">Berkout</a> (2025-)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smotr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smotr (page inexistante)">Smotr</a> (2028-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molnia_(satellite)" title="Molnia (satellite)">Molnia</a> (1964-2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonum-1" title="Bonum-1">Bonum-1</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekran_(satellite)" title="Ekran (satellite)">Ekran</a> (1964-2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorisont" title="Gorisont">Gorisont</a> (1979-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutch" title="Loutch">Loutch</a> (1985-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadejda_(satellite)" title="Nadejda (satellite)">Nadejda</a> (1982-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonets" title="Gonets">Gonets</a> (1992-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_(satellite)" title="Ekspress (satellite)">Express</a> (depuis 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gals_(satellite)" title="Gals (satellite)">Gals</a> (1994-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koupon_(satellite)" title="Koupon (satellite)">Koupon</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal_(satellite)" title="Yamal (satellite)">Yamal</a> (1999-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(satellite)" title="Meridian (satellite)">Meridian</a> (2006-2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterkh" title="Sterkh">Sterkh</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagovest_(satellite)" title="Blagovest (satellite)">Blagovest</a> (2017-2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skif_(satellite)" title="Skif (satellite)">Skif</a> (2027-2029)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathon_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathon (satellite) (page inexistante)">Marathon</a> (2024-)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspress-RV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspress-RV (page inexistante)">Ekspress-RV</a> (2025-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Navigation</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsikada" title="Tsikada">Tsikada</a> (1976-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadejda_(satellite)" title="Nadejda (satellite)">Nadejda</a> (1982-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">Ouragan</a> (<a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a>) (1982-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Satellite_militaire" title="Satellite militaire">Satellites militaires</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Reconnaissance optique et radar</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(satellite)" title="Zenit (satellite)">Zenit</a> (1961-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iantar" title="Iantar">Iantar</a> (depuis 1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz#Les_satellites_radar_Almaz-T" title="Almaz">Almaz-T</a> (1986-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlets_(satellite)" title="Orlets (satellite)">Orlets</a> (1989-2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araks_(satellite)" title="Araks (satellite)">Araks</a> (1997-2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persona_(satellite)" title="Persona (satellite)">Persona</a> (2008-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondor_(satellite)" title="Kondor (satellite)">Kondor</a> (2013-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars-M" title="Bars-M">Bars-M</a> (2015-)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neitron</a> (2022-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razdan" title="Razdan">Razdan</a> (202x?-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Surveillance des océans</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radar_Ocean_Reconnaissance_Satellite" title="Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite">RORSAT (US-A)</a> (1965-1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-P" title="US-P">US-P</a> (1974-1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-P" title="US-P">US-PM</a> (1993-2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pion-NKS" title="Pion-NKS">Pion-NKS</a> (2021-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Écoute électronique</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tselina_(satellite)" title="Tselina (satellite)">Tselina</a> (1967-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotos_(satellite)" title="Lotos (satellite)">Lotos</a> (2009-)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olymp-K&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olymp-K (page inexistante)">Olymp-K</a> (2014-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Satellite_d%27alerte_pr%C3%A9coce" title="Satellite d'alerte précoce">Alerte précoce</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oko_(satellite)" title="Oko (satellite)">Oko</a> (1972-2012) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US-K" title="US-K">US-K</a> (1972-2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-K" title="US-K">US-KS</a> (1975-1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-KMO" title="US-KMO">US-KMO</a> (1991-2012)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toundra_(satellite)" title="Toundra (satellite)">Toundra</a> (2015-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Navigation</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon_(satellite)" title="Tsiklon (satellite)">Tsiklon/Zaliv</a> (1973-1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parous_(satellite)" title="Parous (satellite)">Parous</a> (1974-2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">Ouragan</a> (<a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a>) (1982-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Télécommunications</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Strela</a> (1964-2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radouga_(satellite)" title="Radouga (satellite)">Radouga</a> (1975-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potok_(satellite)" title="Potok (satellite)">Potok</a> (1976-2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loutch" title="Loutch">Loutch</a> (1985-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(satellite)" title="Strela (satellite)">Rodnik</a> (2005-)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garpoun" title="Garpoun">Garpoun</a> (2011-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Technologie, autre</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DS-P1" title="DS-P1">DS-P1</a> (1962-1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGCh" title="OGCh">OGCh</a> (1965-1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsiklon_(satellite)" title="Tsiklon (satellite)">Tsiklon</a> (1967-1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS_(satellite)" title="IS (satellite)">IS</a> (1968-1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-M (page inexistante)">DS-P1-M</a> (1970-1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifoun" title="Taifoun">Taifoun</a> (1974-1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo-IK" title="Geo-IK">Geo-IK</a> (1981-1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polious" title="Polious">Polious</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etalon_(satellite)" title="Etalon (satellite)">Etalon</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo-IK-2" title="Geo-IK-2">Geo-IK-2</a> (2011-)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Centres de lancement</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmodrome_de_Ba%C3%AFkonour" title="Cosmodrome de Baïkonour">Cosmodrome de Baïkonour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmodrome_de_Plessetsk" title="Cosmodrome de Plessetsk">Cosmodrome de Plessetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmodrome_de_Kapoustine_Iar" title="Cosmodrome de Kapoustine Iar">Cosmodrome de Kapoustine Iar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmodrome_Vostotchny" title="Cosmodrome Vostotchny">Cosmodrome Vostotchny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmodrome_de_Iasny" title="Cosmodrome de Iasny">Cosmodrome de Iasny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmodrome_de_Svobodny" title="Cosmodrome de Svobodny">Cosmodrome de Svobodny</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Établissements</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_national_de_recherche_et_de_production_Progress" title="Centre national de recherche et de production Progress">Usine Progress de Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_russe_de_communication_avec_l%27espace_lointain" title="Réseau russe de communication avec l'espace lointain">Réseau russe de communication avec l'espace lointain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_contr%C3%B4le_des_vols_spatiaux_TsUP" title="Centre de contrôle des vols spatiaux TsUP">Centre de contrôle des vols spatiaux TsUP</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Projet annulés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_lunaire_habit%C3%A9_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Programme lunaire habité soviétique">Programme lunaire habité soviétique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMK_(projet)" title="TMK (projet)">TMK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gourevitch_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gourevitch MiG-105">MiG-105 Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TKS_(vaisseau_spatial)" title="TKS (vaisseau spatial)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polious" title="Polious">Polious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_a%C3%A9rospatial_MAKS" title="Système aérospatial MAKS">Système aérospatial MAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir-2" title="Mir-2">Mir-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus-M" title="Rus-M">Rus-M</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Projets en cours</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Projet_russe_de_mission_habit%C3%A9e_vers_Mars" title="Projet russe de mission habitée vers Mars">Projet russe de mission habitée vers Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laplace-P" title="Laplace-P">Laplace-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera_(constellation_de_satellites)" title="Sfera (constellation de satellites)">Sfera</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Programmes</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_spatial_sovi%C3%A9tique_et_russe" title="Programme spatial soviétique et russe">Programme spatial soviétique et russe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_lunaire_habit%C3%A9_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Programme lunaire habité soviétique">Programme lunaire habité soviétique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLONASS" title="GLONASS">GLONASS</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronautique" title="Portail de l’astronautique"><img alt="icône décorative" 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