Internet History Sourcebooks Project

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Internet History Sourcebooks Project</title> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <body>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-N23XC1HXST"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-N23XC1HXST'); </script>  <div id="header_new"> <div id="header_new_left"> <a href="http://www.fordham.edu"><img src="http://www.fordham.edu/site/styles/img/logo-universal.png" alt="Fordham"></a> </div> <div id="header_new_right">  <div align="right" id="searchbox" style="padding-top:.5em;"> <form method="get" action="https://www.fordham.edu/_search/s/search.html"> <input type="text" name="query"> <input type="hidden" name="collection" value="fordham-meta"> <input type="hidden" name="clive" value="fordham-sourcebooks"> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Search"> </form> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <hr class="header_rule">  <table height="60" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="tbl_topnav"> <tr> <td height="30" colspan="2" id="tbl_toplinks"><p align="center" class="H_Topnav"><a href="/Halsall/index.asp">Home</a> | <a href="/Halsall/ancient/asbook.asp">Ancient History Sourcebook</a> | <a href="/Halsall/sbook.asp">Medieval Sourcebook</a> |  <a href="/Halsall/mod/modsbook.asp">Modern History Sourcebook</a> | <a href="/Halsall/byzantium/index.asp">Byzantine Studies Page<br /> </a> Other History Sourcebooks: <a href="/africa/africasbook.asp">African</a> | <a href="/Halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.asp">East Asian</a> | <a href="/Halsall/india/indiasbook.asp">Indian</a> | <a href="/Halsall/islam/islamsbook.asp">Islamic</a> | <a href="/Halsall/jewish/jewishsbook.asp">Jewish</a> |  <a href="/Halsall/pwh/index.asp">Lesbian and Gay</a> | <a href="/Halsall/science/sciencesbook.asp">Science</a> | <a href="/Halsall/women/womensbook.asp">Women's</a> | <a href="/Halsall/global/globalsbook.asp">Global</a></p></td> </tr> </table> <table height="60" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="tbl_tbl"> <tr> <td valign="top" id="tbl_leftnav"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" id="tbl_leftnav_inner"> <tr> <td><p>  <br /> <a href="/Halsall/index.asp" class="navHeaderLink">IHSP</a></p> <a href="/Halsall/pwh/index.asp" class="navHeaderLink">LGBT History</a></p> <hr /> <p><span class="navHeaderText">Main</span><a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/ancient/asbook.asp">Ancient</a><a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/sbook.asp">Medieval</a><a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/mod/modsbook.asp">Modern</a></p> <hr /> <p><span class="navHeaderText">LGBT Sections</span> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-int.asp">Intro and Theory</a><a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-anc.asp">Ancient Mediterranean</a><a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-med.asp">Medieval</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-eur1.asp">Europe to WWI</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-eur2.asp">Europe Since WWI</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall//pwh/index-am.asp">North America</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall//pwh/index-wld.asp">Asia, Africa, Lat America, Oceania</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-spec.asp">Special</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall//pwh/index-bib.asp">Bibliographies</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall//pwh/index-bos.asp">John Boswell's Works</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/pwh/index-links.asp">Links</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall//pwh/index-icons.asp">Gay Icons</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall//pwh/index-faq.asp">FAQ</a> </p> <hr /> <p><span class="navHeaderText">About IHSP</span> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/help.asp">Help Page</a> <a class="level1Links" href="/Halsall/thanks.asp">IHSP Credits</a> </p></td> </tr> </table></td> <td id="tbl_rightnav" valign="top"> <table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="12" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td> <img src="images/lambda-symbol.gif" alt="lamda sign" width="100" height="120" align="left" hspace="15"/> <p class="H_Title">People with a History: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans* History Sourcebook</p> <p class="H_Title">Main Page</p> <p class="H_body_text">Editor: Paul Halsall<br /> <br /> <hr/> <blockquote> <p class="H_Subitle"><b>Introduction</b> </p> <p class="H_body_text"><b><em>People with a History</em></b> presents the history of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals and transgendered people [=LGBT]. It includes hundreds of original texts, discussions, and images, and addresses LGBT history in all periods, and in all regions of the world. </p> <p class="H_body_text">Browse the <a href="#contents">Contents</a> guide below to access a series of large index pages which will then link you directly to the texts and images that interest you. </p> <p class="H_body_text">In addition to texts, the site includes other aides to help you study, or just make sense of LGBT history - note especially the <a href="#bib">guide</a> to online bibliographies and the <a href="../pwh/gayhistbib.asp">onsite bibliography.</a>.</p> <p class="H_body_text">If you want to learn more about the goals behind this site, see the introductory chapters <a href="../pwh/index-int.asp#c0">Introductory Chapter</a> and if you wish to get straight to current debates about the nature of LGBT history go to <a href="../pwh/index-int.asp#c1">Chapter 1</a> on History and Theory .<br /> </p> <hr /> <a name="contents" class="H_Subitle" id="contents"> <b>Contents</b></a> <p class="H_body_text">It is a specific goal of <strong><em>People with a History</em></strong> to avoid complex web hierarchies, and continual mouse-clicking.The various chapters are grouped in sections. The contents of all the chapters in each section can be accessed via the contents page for that section. <br /> </p> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-int.asp">Introduction</a>: History and Theory </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-anc.asp">Section I</a>: The Ancient Mediterranean </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp">Section II</a>: Medieval Worlds [The West, Byzantium, Islam] </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur1.asp">Section III</a>: Europe to World War I </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp">Section IV</a>: Europe Since World War I </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp">Section V</a>: North America </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp">Section VI</a>: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Oceania </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-spec.asp">Section VII</a>: Special Themes </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-bib.asp">Section VIII</a>: Bibliographies </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp">Section IX</a>: LGBT History Links </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-faq.asp">Section X</a>: FAQ </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="index-image.asp">Section XI</a>: Picture Gallery <i>[Not Operational]</i></li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="index-clgh.asp">Section XII</a>: AHA Committee for Lesbian and Gay History: Book Reviews<i> [Archived]<br /> </i></li> </ul> <hr /> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-int.asp">Introduction: History and Theory</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-int.asp">Introduction:</a>: The People With a History Project </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-int.asp#c1">Chapter 1</a>: History and Theory <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-anc.asp">Section I: The Ancient Mediterranean</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-anc.asp#c2">Chapter 2</a>: The Ancient Near East and Egypt </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-anc.asp#c3">Chapter 3</a>: Ancient Greece </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-anc.asp#c4">Chapter 4</a>: Ancient Rome <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp">Section II: Medieval Worlds</a> [The West, Byzantium, Islam] </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp#c5">Chapter 5</a>: Early Christianity </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp#c6">Chapter 6</a>: Byzantium </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp#c7">Chapter 7</a>: Latin Christian Middle Ages </li> <li class="H_body_text">also see <a href="../pwh/index-bos.asp">Guide to John Boswell's Works</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp#c8">Chapter 8</a>: Islam </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-med.asp#c9">Chapter 9</a>: Ancient and Medieval Jews <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur1.asp">Section III: Europe to World War I</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur1.asp#c10">Chapter 10</a>: Early Modern Europe </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur1.asp#c11">Chapter 11</a>: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Europe <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp">Section IV: Europe Since World War I</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp#c12">Chapter 12</a>: The German Gay Rights Movement </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp#c13">Chapter 13</a>: The Nazis and the Gays </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp#c14">Chapter 14</a>: Post-WW I Europe to 1990 </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp#c15">Chapter 15</a>: The Lesbian and Gay Movement in Europe </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-eur2.asp#c16">Chapter 16</a>: Europe: Current Politics and Strategies<br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp">Section V: North America</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c17">Chapter 17</a>: Native American Societies </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c18">Chapter 18</a>: The United States and Canada to 1900 </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c19">Chapter 19</a>: Before Stonewall </li> <li class="H_body_text">also see <a href="../pwh/index-icons.asp">Lesbian and Gay Icons Page</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c20">Chapter 20</a>: Stonewall and All That </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c21">Chapter 21</a>: After Stonewall </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c22">Chapter 22</a>: AIDS and History </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c23">Chapter 23</a>: ACT UP </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c24">Chapter 24</a>: The Queer Moment (early 1990s)</li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-am.asp#c25">Chapter 25</a>: North America: Current Politics and Strategies <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp">Section VI: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Oceania</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp#c26">Chapter 26</a>: Ancient China, Japan, and Korea </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp#c27">Chapter 27</a>: Ancient India </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp#c28">Chapter 28</a>: The Lesbian and Gay Movement in Australia and New Zealand </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp#c29">Chapter 29</a>: Gay and Lesbian Politics in Latin America </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp#c30">Chapter 30</a>: The Impact of LGBT Identity Politics Outside the West </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-wld.asp#c31">Chapter 31</a>: Cross Cultural Themes and Studies<br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-spec.asp">Section VII: Special Themes</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-spec.asp#st1">Special Themes 1</a>: Same Sex Marriage </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-spec.asp#st2">Special Themes 2</a>: Bisexuality </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-spec.asp#st3">Special Themes 3</a>: Trans* History </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-spec.asp#st4">Special Themes 4</a>: Anti-Gay: Gay Criticism of Gay Culture<br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-bib.asp">Section VIII: Bibliographies, etc</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-bib.asp#bibs">Bibliographies</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-bib.asp#lists">Lists</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-bib.asp#time">Timelines</a> <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp">Section IX: LGBT History Links</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links">LGBT History Related Web Sites</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links2">General LGBT History Pages</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links2">Collections of LGBT Textual Material</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links3">LGB Museums and Archives - US</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links4">LGB Museums and Archives - Canada</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links5">LGB Museums and Archives - Europe</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-links.asp#links6">Lesbian Specific Sites</a> <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-faq.asp">Section X: FAQ</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-faq.asp#faq">FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions on LGBT History or Culture</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-faq.asp#faq1">FAQ: Gay and Lesbian General Interest Questions</a> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-faq.asp#faq2">FAQ: Gay and Lesbian Hostile Questions</a> <br /> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-image.asp">Section XI: Picture Gallery</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-clgh.asp">Section XII: AHA:Committee for Lesbian & Gay History</a> </li> <ul> <li class="H_body_text"><a href="../pwh/index-clgh.asp#BookReviews">Book Reviews</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <hr /> <p class="H_body_text">漏 This text is copyright. The specific electronic form, and any notes and questions are copyright. Permission is granted to copy the text, and to print out copies for personal and educational use. No permission is granted for commercial use. </p> <p class="H_body_text">If any copyright has been infringed, this was unintentional. The possibility of a site such as this, as with other collections of electronic texts, depends on the large availability of public domain material from texts translated before 1927. [In the US, all texts issued before 1927 are now in the public domain. Texts published before 1964 may be in the public domain if copyright was not renewed after 28 years. This site seeks to abide by US copyright law: the copyright status of texts here outside the US may be different.] Efforts have been made to ascertain the copyright status of all texts here, although, occasionally, this has not been possible where older or non-US publishers seem to have ceased existence. Some of the recently translated texts here are copyright to the translators indicated in each document. These translators have in every case given permission for non-commercial reproduction. <b>No representation is made about the copyright status of texts linked off-site</b>. This site is intended for educational use. Notification of copyright infringement will result in the immediate removal of a text until its status is resolved. </p> <hr> <p class="H_body_text">NOTES</p> <p class="H_body_text"><i>People with a History: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans* History Sourcebook </i> is part of the <a href="../index.asp">Internet History Sourcebooks Project</a>. Date of inception was 1997. People with a History is a www site presenting history relevant to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgendered people, through primary sources, secondary discussions, and images. Links to files at other site are indicated by [At some indication of the site name or location].聽<font color="#D05653">WEB</font><font color="#D05653"> </font>聽indicates a link to one of small number of high quality web sites which provide either more texts or an especially valuable overview. </p> </blockquote> <hr /> <br> <p><span class="H_body_text">The <strong>Internet History Sourcebooks Project</strong> is located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/history/">History Department</a> of  <a href="http://www.fordham.edu">Fordham University</a>, New York. The<b> Internet Medieval Sourcebook</b>, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the <a href="https://www.fordham.edu/mvst">Fordham University Center for Medieval Studies</a>.The IHSP recognizes the contribution of Fordham University, the Fordham University History Department, and the Fordham Center for Medieval Studies in providing web space and server support for the project. The IHSP is a project independent of Fordham University.  Although the IHSP seeks to follow all applicable copyright law, Fordham University is not the institutional owner, and is not liable as the result of any legal action.</span><br /> <br /> <span class="H_body_text"><i> </i>©</span> <span class="H_body_text">Site Concept and Design: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a7cecfd4d7e7c1c8d5c3cfc6ca89c2c3d298d4d2c5cdc2c4d39af4c8d2d5c4c2c5c8c8ccd487f7d5c8cdc2c4d3">Paul Halsall</a></span> <span class="H_body_text"></span><span class="H_body_text"> created 26 Jan 1996: latest revision 15 November 2024 [<a href="/halsall/cv.asp">CV</a>] </span> </p> </p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </table></td> </tr> </table> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script></body> </html>

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