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operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Loos" title="Batalla de Loos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Loos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Loosu" title="Bitva u Loosu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Loosu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Loos" title="Brwydr Loos – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Loos" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Loos" title="Schlacht bei Loos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Loos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Loos" title="Batalla de Loos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Loos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Loos" title="Bataille de Loos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Loos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath_Loos" title="Cath Loos – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cath Loos" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Loos" title="Pertempuran Loos – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Loos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Loos" title="Battaglia di Loos – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Loos" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1" title="קרב לוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב לוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proelium_apud_Loos" title="Proelium apud Loos – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proelium apud Loos" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Loos" title="Pertempuran Loos – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Loos" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Loos" title="Slaget ved Loos – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Loos" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Loos" title="Batalha de Loos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Loos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Битва при Лоосе – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Лоосе" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Loos" title="Slaget vid Loos – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Loos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96" title="Битва при Лоосі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Лоосі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Loos" title="Trận Loos – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Loos" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Loos&params=50_27_30_N_02_47_39_E_type:event_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°27′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°47′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.45833°N 2.79417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.45833; 2.79417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Offensive during World War I</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">Third Battle of Artois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Loos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jagger_Cambrai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jagger_Cambrai.jpg/250px-Jagger_Cambrai.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jagger_Cambrai.jpg/375px-Jagger_Cambrai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Jagger_Cambrai.jpg/500px-Jagger_Cambrai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="798" /></a></span><br />Battle of Loos</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>25 September – 8 October 1915</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Loos-en-Gohelle" title="Loos-en-Gohelle">Loos</a>, France</div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Loos&params=50_27_30_N_02_47_39_E_type:event_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°27′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°47′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.45833°N 2.79417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.45833; 2.79417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> German victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> </p> <ul><li><span data-sort-value="India"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/23px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/35px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/46px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">India</a></span></li> <li><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">John French</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"><img alt="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Haig">Douglas Haig</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rupprecht,_Crown_Prince_of_Bavaria" title="Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria">Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Sixt_von_Armin" title="Friedrich Sixt von Armin">Friedrich Sixt von Armin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 6 divisions</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 3 divisions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 59,247</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 26,000</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_1915_Franco-British_Autumn_Offensive" title="Template:Campaignbox 1915 Franco-British Autumn Offensive"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_1915_Franco-British_Autumn_Offensive" title="Template talk:Campaignbox 1915 Franco-British Autumn Offensive"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_1915_Franco-British_Autumn_Offensive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox 1915 Franco-British Autumn Offensive"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Autumn_battles,_Champagne_and_Artois_1915" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span class="wrap">Autumn battles, Champagne and Artois 1915</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">3rd Artois</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Loos</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_of_Pi%C3%A8tre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action of Piètre (page does not exist)">Piètre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_of_Bois_Grenier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Action of Bois Grenier (page does not exist)">Bois Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Hohenzollern_Redoubt" title="Actions of the Hohenzollern Redoubt">Hohenzollern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">2nd Champagne</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Attack_on_Bellewaarde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Attack on Bellewaarde (page does not exist)">2nd Bellewaarde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Front" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Front" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1914</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Capture_of_Moresnet" class="mw-redirect" title="German Capture of Moresnet">Moresnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">Invasion of Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinant" title="Battle of Dinant">Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1914)" title="Siege of Namur (1914)">Namur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Frontiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lorraine" title="Battle of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ardennes" title="Battle of the Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charleroi" title="Battle of Charleroi">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trou%C3%A9e_de_Charmes" title="Battle of the Trouée de Charmes">Trouée de Charmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat" title="Great Retreat">Great Retreat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Cateau" title="Battle of Le Cateau">Le Cateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rearguard_Affair_of_%C3%89treux" title="Rearguard Affair of Étreux">Étreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1914)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1914)">1st St. Quentin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maubeuge" title="Siege of Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">1st Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">1st Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yser" title="Battle of the Yser">Yser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">1st Ypres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_operations_1914%E2%80%931915" title="Winter operations 1914–1915">Winter actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Artois" title="First Battle of Artois">1st Artois</a></li></ul> <p><b>1915</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Champagne" title="First Battle of Champagne">1st Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartmannswillerkopf" title="Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf">Hartmannswillerkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Neuve Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">2nd Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">2nd Artois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%A9buterne" title="Battle of Hébuterne">Hébuterne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">2nd Champagne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">3rd Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_phosgene_attack_(19_December_1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="German phosgene attack (19 December 1915)">Gas: Wieltje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1916</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Bluff,_1916" title="Actions of the Bluff, 1916">The Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_action,_2%E2%80%9318_March_1916" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt action, 2–18 March 1916">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_St_Eloi_Craters" title="Actions of St Eloi Craters">St Eloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Hulluch" title="Gas attacks at Hulluch">Hulluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Wulverghem" title="Gas attacks at Wulverghem">Wulverghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient" title="Loss of the Kink Salient">Kink Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">Vimy Ridge 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel" title="Battle of Mont Sorrel">Mont Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boar%27s_Head" title="Battle of the Boar's Head">Boar's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">1st Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Fromelles" title="Attack at Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li></ul> <p><b>1917</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917">Ancre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alberich" title="Operation Alberich"><i>Alberich</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle_offensive" title="Nivelle offensive">Nivelle offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Vimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Second Battle of the Aisne">2nd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hills" title="Battle of the Hills">The Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Messines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Cambrai</a></li></ul> <p><b>1918</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michael" title="Operation Michael"><i>Michael</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_(1918)" title="Battle of the Lys (1918)">The Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Third Battle of the Aisne">3rd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belleau_Wood" title="Battle of Belleau Wood">Belleau Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">2nd Marne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(1918)" title="Battle of Soissons (1918)">Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ailette" title="Battle of the Ailette">Ailette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Second Battle of the Somme">2nd Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel">Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Quentin_Canal" title="Battle of St Quentin Canal">St Quentin Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Fifth Battle of Ypres">5th Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">2nd Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Courtrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Courtrai (1918)">Courtrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sambre_(1918)" title="Battle of the Sambre (1918)">Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_and_the_Escaut" title="Battle of the Lys and the Escaut">Lys and Escaut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">1914 Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_French_Army_mutinies" title="1917 French Army mutinies">French Army mutinies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_tactics,_1917" title="Western Front tactics, 1917">Western Front tactics, 1917</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Loos</b> took place from <span class="nowrap">25 September to 8 October</span> 1915 in France on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. It was the biggest British attack of 1915, the first time that the British used <a href="/wiki/Poison_gas_in_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison gas in World War I">poison gas</a> and the first mass engagement of <a href="/wiki/Kitchener%27s_Army" title="Kitchener's Army">New Army</a> units. The French and British tried to break through the German defences in <a href="/wiki/County_of_Artois" title="County of Artois">Artois</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Champagne_(historical_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Champagne (historical province)">Champagne</a> at the south end of the Noyon Salient and restore a war of movement. </p><p>Despite improved methods, more ammunition, better equipment and gas, the Franco-British attacks were contained by the Germans, except for local losses of ground. The British gas attack failed sufficiently to neutralise the defenders and the artillery bombardment was too short to destroy barbed wire and machine gun nests. German defensive fortifications and tactics could not be overcome by the British who were still assembling a mass army suitable for Western Front conditions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_developments">Strategic developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strategic developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle was the British part of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">Third Battle of Artois</a>, a Franco-British offensive (known to the Germans as the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herbstschlacht</i></span> (Autumn Battle). Field Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/John_French,_1st_Earl_of_Ypres" title="John French, 1st Earl of Ypres">John French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Douglas Haig</a> (GOC <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="First Army (United Kingdom)">First Army</a>), regarded the ground south of La Bassée Canal, which was overlooked by German-held slag heaps and colliery towers, as unsuitable for an attack, particularly given the discovery in July that the Germans were building a second defensive position behind the front position. At the Frévent Conference on 27 July, Field Marshal French failed to persuade <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Foch" title="Ferdinand Foch">Ferdinand Foch</a> that an attack further north offered greater prospects for success. The debate continued into August, with Joffre siding with Foch and the British commanders being over-ruled by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Herbert Kitchener</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_War" title="Secretary of State for War">Secretary of State for War</a>, on 21 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928120–129_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928120–129-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 May, the British had decided to use poison gas in military operations in France. At a conference on 6 September, Haig announced to his subordinates that extensive use of chlorine gas might facilitate an advance on a line towards Douai and Valenciennes, despite the terrain, as long as the French and British were able to keep the attack secret.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928151–154_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928151–154-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_offensive_preparations">British offensive preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British offensive preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle was the third time that specialist <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineer_tunnelling_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Engineer tunnelling companies">Royal Engineer tunnelling companies</a> were used to dig under no-man's-land, to plant <a href="/wiki/Mining_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining (military)">mines</a> under the parapets of the German front line trenches, ready to be detonated at zero hour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928162,_252–263_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928162,_252–263-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_plan">British plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Loos,_1915_png.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png/220px-Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png/330px-Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png/440px-Battle_of_Loos%2C_1915_png.png 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="724" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Battle of Loos, 1915</div></figcaption></figure> <p>French decided to keep a reserve consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="Cavalry Corps (United Kingdom)">Cavalry Corps</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Indian Cavalry Corps">Indian Cavalry Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/XI_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" title="XI Corps (United Kingdom)">XI Corps</a> (Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Haking" title="Richard Haking">Richard Haking</a>), which consisted of the <a href="/wiki/Guards_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Guards Division (United Kingdom)">Guards Division</a> and the New Army <a href="/wiki/21st_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="21st Division (United Kingdom)">21st Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/24th_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="24th Division (United Kingdom)">24th Division</a>, recently arrived in France and a corps staff (some of whom had never worked together or served on a staff before). <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Murray" title="Archibald Murray">Archibald Murray</a>, the Deputy <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Imperial_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Imperial General Staff">Chief of the Imperial General Staff</a> (DCIGS) advised French that as recently-trained troops, they were suited for the long marches of an exploitation rather than for trench warfare. French was doubtful that a breakthrough would be achieved. Haig and Foch, commander of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">groupe des armées du nord</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Group_North_(France)" title="Army Group North (France)">Northern Army Group</a>), wanted the reserves closer, to exploit a breakthrough on the first day. French agreed to move the reserves nearer to the front but still thought they should not be committed until the second day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005300–302_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005300–302-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Haig was hampered by the shortage of <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> ammunition, which meant the preliminary bombardment, essential for success in trench warfare, was insufficient. With only 533 guns and a shortage of shells to cover 11,200 yd (6.4 mi; 10.2 km) front with two German trench lines to bombard, the British would probably be attacking positions that had not been disrupted enough to be broken through and reliant on the success of the gas attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart2014153_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart2014153-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British commanders did not grasp that German defensive tactics included placing the second line of machine gun nests on the reverse slopes of hills; destroying them would need howitzers and high explosive shells.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the British attack, about 140 long tons (140 t) of chlorine gas was released, with mixed results; in places the gas was blown back onto British trenches, while in others it caused the Germans considerable difficulty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012210–215_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012210–215-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the inefficiency of contemporary gas masks, many soldiers removed them as they could not see through the fogged-up eyepieces or could barely breathe with them on, which led to some being affected by their gas. Wanting to be closer to the battle, French had moved to a forward command post at Lilliers, less than 20 mi (32 km) behind the First Army front. He left most of his staff behind at GHQ and had no direct telephone to the army HQ, which attacked at <span class="nowrap">6:30 a.m.</span> on 25 September, sending an officer by car to request the release of the reserves at <span class="nowrap">7:00 a.m.</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="25_September">25 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 25 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg/220px-Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg/330px-Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg/440px-Hohenzollern_Redoubt_October_1915_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map, Hohenzollern Redoubt, October 1915</div></figcaption></figure> <p>In many places British artillery had failed to cut the German wire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928163–167_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928163–167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engineers manning the chlorine gas cylinders warned against their use, because of the weakness and unpredictability of the wind but they were overruled by General Sir <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Gough" title="Hubert Gough">Hubert Gough</a>. In some places the gas drifted back into the British lines and caused more British than German casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig2014171_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig2014171-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011163_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011163-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advancing over open fields, within range of German machine-guns and artillery, the British infantry suffered many casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928191,_207,_223,_258,_261,_264_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928191,_207,_223,_258,_261,_264-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British were able to break through the weaker German defences and capture the village of <a href="/wiki/Loos-en-Gohelle" title="Loos-en-Gohelle">Loos-en-Gohelle</a>, mainly due to numerical superiority. Supply and communications problems, combined with the late arrival of reserves, meant that the breakthrough could not be exploited. Haig did not hear until <span class="nowrap">10:00 a.m.</span> that the divisions were moving up to the front. French visited Haig from <span class="nowrap">11:00 to 11:30 a.m.</span> and agreed that Haig could have the reserve but rather than using the telephone he drove to Haking's headquarters and gave the order at <span class="nowrap">12:10 p.m.</span> Haig then heard from Haking at <span class="nowrap">1:20 p.m.</span> that the reserves were moving forward.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French had not understood the state of the roads the reserves would have to use and had not constructed new ones. Most of the reserve divisions had to march through the day and night in single file up the only accessible roads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="26–28_September"><span id="26.E2.80.9328_September"></span>26–28 September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 26–28 September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the battle resumed the following day, the Germans had recovered and improved their defensive positions. Much of the barbed wire, in some places 30 ft (9.1 m) deep, remained uncut and the British had used their stock of chlorine gas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British attempts to continue the advance with the reserves were repulsed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928304–307_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928304–307-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British preparatory bombardment, which amounted to desultory fire for about twenty minutes, apparently inflicted no casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012230_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012230-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German machine gunners reported being "nauseated" from the sight of so many corpses and ceased firing so that the British could retreat with their wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French told Foch on 28 September, that a gap could be "rushed" just north of Hill 70, although Foch felt that this would be difficult to co-ordinate and Haig told him that the First Army was in no position for further attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005305–306_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005305–306-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lull fell on 28 September, with the British back on their start lines, having suffered more than <span class="nowrap">20,000 casualties,</span> including three major-generals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_operations">Air operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Air operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Corps" title="Royal Flying Corps">Royal Flying Corps</a> (RFC) came under the command of Brigadier-General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trenchard,_1st_Viscount_Trenchard" title="Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard">Hugh Trenchard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002124_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002124-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span class="nowrap">1st, 2nd and 3rd</span> wings under Colonels <a href="/wiki/Edward_Ashmore_(British_Army_officer)" title="Edward Ashmore (British Army officer)">Edward Ashmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Salmond" title="John Salmond">John Salmond</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sefton_Brancker" title="Sefton Brancker">Sefton Brancker</a> participated. As the British were short of artillery ammunition, the RFC flew target identification sorties prior to the battle, to ensure that shells were not wasted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002125_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002125-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the first few days of the attack, target-marking squadrons equipped with better wireless transmitters, helped to direct British artillery onto German targets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002129–130_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002129–130-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the battle, pilots carried out a <a href="/wiki/Tactical_bombing" title="Tactical bombing">tactical bombing</a> operation for the first time in history. Aircraft of the <span class="nowrap">2nd and 3rd</span> wings dropped many 100 lb (45 kg) bombs on German troops, trains, rail lines and marshalling yards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002127–128_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002127–128-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the land offensive stalled, British pilots and observers flew low over German positions, providing target information to the artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyle1962148–150_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyle1962148–150-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg/220px-British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg/330px-British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg/440px-British_infantry_advancing_at_Loos_25_September_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="725" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">British infantry advancing through gas at <a href="/wiki/Loos-en-Gohelle" title="Loos-en-Gohelle">Loos</a>, 25 September 1915.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Rawlinson wrote to the King's adviser <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bigge,_1st_Baron_Stamfordham" title="Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham">Arthur Bigge</a> (28 September) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From what I can ascertain, some of the divisions did actually reach the enemy's trenches, for their bodies can now be seen on the barbed wire.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Rawlinson<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Major-General Richard Hilton, at that time a Forward Observation Officer, said of the battle, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A great deal of nonsense has been written about Loos. The real tragedy of that battle was its nearness to complete success. Most of us who reached the crest of Hill 70, and survived, were firmly convinced that we had broken through on that Sunday, 26th September 1915. There seemed to be nothing ahead of us, but an unoccupied and incomplete trench system. The only two things that prevented our advancing into the suburbs of Lens were, firstly, the exhaustion of the "Jocks" themselves (for they had undergone a bellyfull [sic] of marching and fighting that day) and, secondly, the flanking fire of numerous German machine-guns, which swept that bare hill from some factory buildings in Cite St. Auguste to the south of us. All that we needed was more artillery ammunition to blast those clearly-located machine-guns, plus some fresh infantry to take over from the weary and depleted "Jocks". But, alas, neither ammunition nor reinforcements were immediately available, and the great opportunity passed.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Richard Hilton<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20001–2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20001–2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png/220px-Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png/330px-Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png/440px-Elizabeth_Thompson_-_A_London_Irish_at_Loos.png 2x" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i>A London Irish at Loos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Thompson" title="Elizabeth Thompson">Elizabeth Thompson</a>)</div> Shows Rifleman Frank Edwards leading the charge while kicking a football.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2021_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2021-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>French had been criticised before the battle and lost his remaining support in the government and army due to the British failure and a belief that he handled poorly the reserve divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005306–310_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005306–310-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French was replaced by Haig as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> (C-in-C) of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_I)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War I)">British Expeditionary Force</a> (BEF) on 15 December 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928409_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928409-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Haig and Gough committed too many of their forces on the first day, they largely escaped blame for the debacle. French's combination of poor tactical planning, lack of knowledge of the conditions and poor execution in releasing the reserves was blamed for the British failure by John Keegan in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>British casualties suffered in the main attack were <span class="nowrap">48,367 and</span> they suffered <span class="nowrap">10,880 more</span> in the subsidiary attack, a total of <span class="nowrap">59,247</span> of the <span class="nowrap">285,107 British</span> casualties on the Western Front in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392–393_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392–393-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Edmonds" title="James Edward Edmonds">James Edmonds</a>, the British official historian, gave German losses in the period <span class="nowrap">21 September – 10 October</span> as <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 26,000</span> of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 141,000 casualties</span> on the Western Front during the autumn offensives in Artois and Champagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Der Weltkrieg</i></span>, the German official account, <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(German_Empire)" title="6th Army (German Empire)">6th Army</a> casualties are given as <span class="nowrap">29,657 to</span> 21 September; by the end of October losses had risen to <span class="nowrap">51,100 and</span> total German casualties for the autumn battle (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Herbstschlacht</i></span>) in Artois and Champagne, were given as <span class="nowrap">150,000 men.</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010308,_320,_329_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010308,_320,_329-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 26,000 of the German casualties were attributable to the Battle of Loos.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fifty-four Commonwealth commanding officers were killed or wounded in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_operations">Subsequent operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Subsequent operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="3–13_October"><span id="3.E2.80.9313_October"></span>3–13 October</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 3–13 October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Hohenzollern_Redoubt" title="Actions of the Hohenzollern Redoubt">Actions of the Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></div> <p>The Germans made several attempts to recapture the <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a>, which they accomplished on 3 October.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–370_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–370-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 October, the Germans attempted to recapture much of the remaining lost ground by attacking with five regiments around Loos and against part of the 7th Division on the left flank. Foggy weather inhibited observation, the artillery preparation was inadequate and the British and French defenders were well prepared behind intact wire. The German attack was repulsed with <span class="nowrap">3,000 casualties</span> but managed to disrupt British attack preparations, causing a delay until the night of <span class="nowrap">12/13 October.</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928372–375_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928372–375-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010319_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010319-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British made a final attack on 13 October, which failed due to a lack of hand grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928380–387_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928380–387-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haig thought it might be possible to launch another attack on 7 November but the combination of heavy rain and accurate German shelling during the second half of October persuaded him to abandon the attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928389–391_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928389–391-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg/220px-Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg/330px-Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg/440px-Dud_corner_cemetery-Loos_memorial-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Dud Corner Cemetery</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Loos_Memorial" title="Loos Memorial">Loos Memorial</a> commemorates over <span class="nowrap">20,000 soldiers</span> of Britain and the Commonwealth who fell in the battle and have no known grave.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECWGC2013_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECWGC2013-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community of <a href="/wiki/Loos,_British_Columbia" title="Loos, British Columbia">Loos</a> in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, changed its name from Crescent Island to commemorate the battle and several participants wrote of their experiences, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> described the battle and succeeding days in his war memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Good-Bye_to_All_That" title="Good-Bye to All That">Good-Bye to All That</a></i> (1929), <a href="/wiki/Patrick_MacGill" title="Patrick MacGill">Patrick MacGill</a>, who served as a stretcher-bearer in the London Irish and was wounded at Loos in October 1915, described the battle in his autobiographical novel <i>The Great Push</i> (1916) and <a href="/wiki/James_Norman_Hall" title="James Norman Hall">J. N. Hall</a> related his experiences in the British Army at Loos in <i>Kitchener's Mob</i> (1916).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraves1980141–172_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraves1980141–172-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacGill1916118–168_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacGill1916118–168-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1916146–168_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1916146–168-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victoria_Cross_awards">Victoria Cross awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Victoria Cross awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Victoria_Cross_recipients" title="Lists of Victoria Cross recipients">Lists of Victoria Cross recipients</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Laidlaw" title="Daniel Laidlaw">Daniel Laidlaw</a>, 7th (Service) Battalion, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Scottish_Borderers" title="King's Own Scottish Borderers">King's Own Scottish Borderers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928194_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928194-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Henry_Johnson" title="Frederick Henry Johnson">Frederick Henry Johnson</a>, 73rd Field Company, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Corps of Royal Engineers</a>, 15th Division.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928205_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928205-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Wells_(VC)" title="Harry Wells (VC)">Harry Wells</a>, 2nd Battalion <a href="/wiki/Royal_Sussex_Regiment" title="Royal Sussex Regiment">Royal Sussex Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anketell_Moutray_Read" title="Anketell Moutray Read">Anketell Moutray Read</a>, 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Regiment" title="Northamptonshire Regiment">Northamptonshire Regiment</a> (posthumous).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Kenny" title="Henry Edward Kenny">Henry Edward Kenny</a>, 1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Regiment_(North_Lancashire)" title="Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire)">Loyal North Lancashire Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stanley_Peachment" class="mw-redirect" title="George Stanley Peachment">George Stanley Peachment</a>, 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Royal_Rifle_Corps" title="King's Royal Rifle Corps">King's Royal Rifle Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vickers_(VC)" title="Arthur Vickers (VC)">Arthur Vickers</a>, 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Warwickshire_Regiment" title="Royal Warwickshire Regiment">Royal Warwickshire Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928231_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928231-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Maling" class="mw-redirect" title="George Maling">George Maling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps" title="Royal Army Medical Corps">Royal Army Medical Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulbir_Thapa" title="Kulbir Thapa">Kulbir Thapa</a>, 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/3rd_Queen_Alexandra%27s_Own_Gurkha_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles">3rd Queen Alexandra's Own Gurkha Rifles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Price_Hallowes" title="Rupert Price Hallowes">Rupert Price Hallowes</a>, 4th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Regiment" title="Middlesex Regiment">Middlesex Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928264_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928264-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angus_Falconer_Douglas-Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton">Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton</a>, 6th (Service) Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Own_Cameron_Highlanders" title="Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders">Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928327_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928327-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Frederick_Saunders" title="Arthur Frederick Saunders">Arthur Frederick Saunders</a>, 9th (Service) Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Regiment" title="Suffolk Regiment">Suffolk Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928333_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928333-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dunsire" title="Robert Dunsire">Robert Dunsire</a>, 13th (Service) Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots" title="Royal Scots">Royal Scots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928336_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928336-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dalgleish_Pollock" title="James Dalgleish Pollock">James Dalgleish Pollock</a>, 5th (Service) Battalion, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928353_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928353-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Buller_Turner" title="Alexander Buller Turner">Alexander Buller Turner</a>, 3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Regiment" title="Royal Berkshire Regiment">Royal Berkshire Regiment</a> (posthumous).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928354_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928354-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Alexander_Burt" title="Alfred Alexander Burt">Alfred Alexander Burt</a>, 1/1st Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Regiment" title="Hertfordshire Regiment">Hertfordshire Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928361_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928361-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fleming-Sandes" title="Arthur Fleming-Sandes">Arthur Fleming-Sandes</a>, 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/East_Surrey_Regiment" title="East Surrey Regiment">East Surrey Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Harvey" title="Samuel Harvey">Samuel Harvey</a>, <a href="/wiki/1st_Battalion,_York_and_Lancaster_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Battalion, York and Lancaster Regiment">1st Battalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/York_and_Lancaster_Regiment" title="York and Lancaster Regiment">York and Lancaster Regiment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Brooks" title="Oliver Brooks">Oliver Brooks</a>, 3rd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928374_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928374-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lennox_Dawson" title="James Lennox Dawson">James Lennox Dawson</a>, 187th Company, Corps of Royal Engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Vickers" title="Geoffrey Vickers">Geoffrey Vickers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Foresters" title="Sherwood Foresters">Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kipling" title="John Kipling">John Kipling</a> - killed in action during Battle of Loos, September 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sorley" title="Charles Sorley">Charles Sorley</a> - killed in action during Battle of Loos, October 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire_incidents_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendly fire incidents of World War II">Friendly fire incidents of World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Thesiger" title="George Thesiger">George Thesiger</a>, <a href="/wiki/9th_(Scottish)_Division" title="9th (Scottish) Division">9th (Scottish) Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thompson_Capper" title="Thompson Capper">Thompson Capper</a>, <a href="/wiki/7th_Infantry_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom)">7th Division</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wing" title="Frederick Wing">Frederick Wing</a> <a href="/wiki/12th_(Eastern)_Division" title="12th (Eastern) Division">12th (Eastern) Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928120–129-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928120–129_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 120–129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928151–154-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928151–154_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 151–154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928162,_252–263-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928162,_252–263_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 162, 252–263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005300–302-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005300–302_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolmes2005">Holmes 2005</a>, pp. 300–302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHart2014153-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHart2014153_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHart2014">Hart 2014</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1998202_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeegan1998">Keegan 1998</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012210–215-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012210–215_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheldon2012">Sheldon 2012</a>, pp. 210–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005302–305_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolmes2005">Holmes 2005</a>, pp. 302–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928163–167-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928163–167_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 163–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerwig2014171-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerwig2014171_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerwig2014">Herwig 2014</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011163-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011163_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHochschild2011">Hochschild 2011</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928191,_207,_223,_258,_261,_264-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928191,_207,_223,_258,_261,_264_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 191, 207, 223, 258, 261, 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHochschild2011164_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHochschild2011">Hochschild 2011</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928304–307-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928304–307_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 304–307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012230-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012230_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheldon2012">Sheldon 2012</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMeyer2006353_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMeyer2006">Meyer 2006</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005305–306-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005305–306_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolmes2005">Holmes 2005</a>, pp. 305–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheldon2012136_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheldon2012">Sheldon 2012</a>, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002124-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002124_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2002">Jones 2002</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002125-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002125_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2002">Jones 2002</a>, p. 125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002129–130-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002129–130_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2002">Jones 2002</a>, pp. 129–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002127–128-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002127–128_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2002">Jones 2002</a>, pp. 127–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBoyle1962148–150-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBoyle1962148–150_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBoyle1962">Boyle 1962</a>, pp. 148–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWarner20001–2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWarner20001–2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWarner2000">Warner 2000</a>, pp. 1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdwards2021-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdwards2021_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdwards2021">Edwards 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005306–310-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolmes2005306–310_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolmes2005">Holmes 2005</a>, pp. 306–310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928409-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928409_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392–393-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392–393_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 392–393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928392_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 392.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010308,_320,_329-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010308,_320,_329_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2010">Humphries & Maker 2010</a>, pp. 308, 320, 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHodgkinson2015" class="citation cs2">Hodgkinson, P.E. (28 September 2015), <i>Loos 25 Sept to 15 Oct 1915: A Bloody Battle for COs</i>, <q>The Battle of Loos was an extraordinarily bloody battle for infantry battalion COs. 28 were killed and 26 wounded (one further CO being captured).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loos+25+Sept+to+15+Oct+1915%3A+A+Bloody+Battle+for+COs&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.aulast=Hodgkinson&rft.aufirst=P.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–370-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–370_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 369–370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928372–375-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928372–375_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 372–375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010319-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2010319_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2010">Humphries & Maker 2010</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928380–387-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928380–387_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 380–387.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928389–391-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928389–391_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 389–391.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECWGC2013-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECWGC2013_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCWGC2013">CWGC 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraves1980141–172-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraves1980141–172_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraves1980">Graves 1980</a>, pp. 141–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacGill1916118–168-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacGill1916118–168_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacGill1916">MacGill 1916</a>, pp. 118–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1916146–168-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1916146–168_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHall1916">Hall 1916</a>, pp. 146–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928194-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928194_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928205-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928205_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928214_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928231-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928231_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928261_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928264-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928264_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 264.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928327-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928327_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928333-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928333_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 333.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928336-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928336_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 336.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928353-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928353_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928354-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928354_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928361-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928361_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928374-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928374_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928387_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, p. 387.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyle1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Boyle_(journalist)" title="Andrew Boyle (journalist)">Boyle, A.</a> (1962). <i>Trenchard Man of Vision</i>. London: Collins. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/752992766">752992766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trenchard+Man+of+Vision&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F752992766&rft.aulast=Boyle&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Edmonds" title="James Edward Edmonds">Edmonds, J. E.</a> (1928). <i>Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos</i>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents By Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58962526">58962526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+France+and+Belgium%2C+1915%3A+Battles+of+Aubers+Ridge%2C+Festubert%2C+and+Loos&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+By+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1928&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58962526&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, R.</a> (1980) [1957]. <a href="/wiki/Goodbye_to_All_That" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodbye to All That"><i>Goodbye to All That</i></a> (Penguin ed.). London: Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-00-1443-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-00-1443-8"><bdi>0-14-00-1443-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goodbye+to+All+That&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Penguin&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-14-00-1443-8&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall1916" class="citation book cs1">Hall, J. N. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kitchenersmobadv00halluoft"><i>Kitchener's Mob: The Adventures of an American in the British Army</i></a> (1st ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1194374">1194374</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kitchener%27s+Mob%3A+The+Adventures+of+an+American+in+the+British+Army&rft.place=Boston&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1194374&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=J.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkitchenersmobadv00halluoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2014" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Peter (2014). <i>The Great War 1914–1918</i>. Profile Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-247-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-247-6"><bdi>978-1-84668-247-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+War+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84668-247-6&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerwig2014" class="citation book cs1">Herwig, Holger (2014). <i>The First World War</i>. Bloomsbury Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-1124-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4725-1124-9"><bdi>978-1-4725-1124-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4725-1124-9&rft.aulast=Herwig&rft.aufirst=Holger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochschild2011" class="citation book cs1">Hochschild, Adam (2011) [2011]. <i>To End All Wars</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-75828-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-75828-9"><bdi>978-0-618-75828-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+End+All+Wars&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-618-75828-9&rft.aulast=Hochschild&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Holmes_(military_historian)" title="Richard Holmes (military historian)">Holmes, R.</a> (2005) [1981]. <i>The Little Field Marshal. A Life of Sir John French</i> (Cassell Military Paperbacks ed.). London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-36702-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-36702-3"><bdi>978-0-304-36702-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Field+Marshal.+A+Life+of+Sir+John+French&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Cassell+Military+Paperbacks&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-304-36702-3&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphriesMaker2010" class="citation book cs1">Humphries, M. O.; Maker, J. (2010). <i>Germany's Western Front: Translations from the German Official History of the Great War</i>. Vol. II (1st ed.). Waterloo Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55458-259-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55458-259-4"><bdi>978-1-55458-259-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany%27s+Western+Front%3A+Translations+from+the+German+Official+History+of+the+Great+War&rft.place=Waterloo+Ont.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55458-259-4&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=M.+O.&rft.au=Maker%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, H. A. (2002) [1928]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warinairbeingsto02rale"><i>The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force</i></a></span>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents By Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84342-413-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84342-413-4"><bdi>1-84342-413-4</bdi></a> – via Archive Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+in+the+Air%2C+Being+the+Story+of+the+Part+played+in+the+Great+War+by+the+Royal+Air+Force&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+By+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=Imperial+War+Museum+and+Naval+%26+Military+Press&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-84342-413-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarinairbeingsto02rale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1998" class="citation book cs1">Keegan, John (1998). <i>The First World War</i>. New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70045-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-70045-3"><bdi>978-0-375-70045-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-375-70045-3&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacGill1916" class="citation book cs1">MacGill, P. (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatpushepisode01macg"><i>The Great Push: An Episode of the Great War</i></a>. New York: G. H. Doran. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/655576627">655576627</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Push%3A+An+Episode+of+the+Great+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=G.+H.+Doran&rft.date=1916&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F655576627&rft.aulast=MacGill&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatpushepisode01macg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2006" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, G.J. (2006). <i>A World Undone</i>. Delta Trade Paperbacks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-38240-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-38240-2"><bdi>978-0-553-38240-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+World+Undone&rft.pub=Delta+Trade+Paperbacks&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-553-38240-2&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=G.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheldon2012" class="citation book cs1">Sheldon, J. (2012). <i>The German Army on the Western Front, 1915</i>. Barnsley: Pen and Sword. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-466-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84884-466-7"><bdi>978-1-84884-466-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Army+on+the+Western+Front%2C+1915&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-466-7&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner2000" class="citation book cs1">Warner, P. (2000) [1976]. <i>The Battle of Loos</i> (Wordsworth ed.). London: William Kimber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84022-229-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-84022-229-8"><bdi>1-84022-229-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Loos&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Wordsworth&rft.pub=William+Kimber&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-84022-229-8&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/29447/supplement/945">"Second Supplement to the London Gazette"</a>. <i>London Gazette</i> (29447). <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>: 945. 22 January 1916<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Gazette&rft.atitle=Second+Supplement+to+the+London+Gazette&rft.issue=29447&rft.pages=945&rft.date=1916-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F29447%2Fsupplement%2F945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Websites</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCWGC2013" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/79500/LOOS%20MEMORIAL">"Loos Memorial"</a>. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/813744927">813744927</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Loos+Memorial&rft.pub=Commonwealth+War+Graves+Commission&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F813744927&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-a-cemetery%2Fcemetery%2F79500%2FLOOS%2520MEMORIAL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Museum" title="Twickenham Museum">Twickenham Museum</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=254&cid=8&ctid=1">"Rifleman Frank Edwards"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Museum" title="Twickenham Museum">Twickenham Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rifleman+Frank+Edwards&rft.pub=Twickenham+Museum&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Twickenham+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twickenham-museum.org.uk%2Fdetail.php%3Faid%3D254%26cid%3D8%26ctid%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolwell1917" class="citation book cs1">Bolwell, F. A. (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/withreservistinf00bolwrich"><i>With a Reservist in France (A Personal Account of All the Engagements in Which the 1st Division 1st Corps Took Part, viz; Mons (including the retirement), the Marne, the Aisne, First Battle of Ypres, Neuve Chapelle, Festubert and Loos)</i></a>. New York: Dutton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1894557">1894557</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+a+Reservist+in+France+%28A+Personal+Account+of+All+the+Engagements+in+Which+the+1st+Division+1st+Corps+Took+Part%2C+viz%3B+Mons+%28including+the+retirement%29%2C+the+Marne%2C+the+Aisne%2C+First+Battle+of+Ypres%2C+Neuve+Chapelle%2C+Festubert+and+Loos%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dutton&rft.date=1917&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1894557&rft.aulast=Bolwell&rft.aufirst=F.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwithreservistinf00bolwrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._W._L._Nicholson" title="G. W. L. Nicholson">Nicholson, G. W. L.</a> (1964) [1962]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/official-histories/book-1964-expeditionary.html"><i>Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919</i></a>. Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War (2nd corr. online ed.). Ottawa: Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/557523890">557523890</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Expeditionary+Force+1914%E2%80%931919&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.series=Official+History+of+the+Canadian+Army+in+the+First+World+War&rft.edition=2nd+corr.+online&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Printer+and+Controller+of+Stationery&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F557523890&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=G.+W.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fdepartment-national-defence%2Fservices%2Fmilitary-history%2Fhistory-heritage%2Fofficial-military-history-lineages%2Fofficial-histories%2Fbook-1964-expeditionary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Dwyer1918" class="citation book cs1">O'Dwyer, M. F. (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warspeeches00odwyuoft"><i>War Speeches</i></a>. Lahore: Superintendent Government Printing. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/697836601">697836601</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+Speeches&rft.place=Lahore&rft.pub=Superintendent+Government+Printing&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F697836601&rft.aulast=O%27Dwyer&rft.aufirst=M.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarspeeches00odwyuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b>Theses</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeach2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Beach, J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.416459"><i>British Intelligence and the German Army 1914–1918</i></a> (PhD). London: London University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500051492">500051492</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=British+Intelligence+and+the+German+Army+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.inst=London+University&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500051492&rft.aulast=Beach&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fdid%3D1%26uin%3Duk.bl.ethos.416459&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1996" class="citation thesis cs1">Brown, I. M. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=2&uin=uk.bl.ethos.321769"><i>The Evolution of the British Army's Logistical and Administrative Infrastructure and its Influence on GHQ's Operational and Strategic Decision-Making on the Western Front, 1914–1918</i></a> (PhD). London: London University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53609664">53609664</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Evolution+of+the+British+Army%27s+Logistical+and+Administrative+Infrastructure+and+its+Influence+on+GHQ%27s+Operational+and+Strategic+Decision-Making+on+the+Western+Front%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.inst=London+University&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53609664&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=I.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fdid%3D2%26uin%3Duk.bl.ethos.321769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeaple2003" class="citation thesis cs1">Peaple, S. P. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.435414"><i>The 46th (North Midland) Division T. F. on the Western Front, 1915–1918</i></a>. <i>Thesis</i> (PhD). Birmingham: Birmingham University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500351989">500351989</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+46th+%28North+Midland%29+Division+T.+F.+on+the+Western+Front%2C+1915%E2%80%931918&rft.inst=Birmingham+University&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500351989&rft.aulast=Peaple&rft.aufirst=S.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fdid%3D1%26uin%3Duk.bl.ethos.435414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2001" class="citation thesis cs1">Simpson, A. (2001). <i>The Operational Role of British Corps Command on the Western Front 1914–18</i> (PhD). London: London University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86227-292-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86227-292-1"><bdi>1-86227-292-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Operational+Role+of+British+Corps+Command+on+the+Western+Front+1914%E2%80%9318&rft.inst=London+University&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-86227-292-1&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Loos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Loos&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Loos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/loos.htm">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/battles/battles-of-the-western-front-in-france-and-flanders/the-battle-of-loos/">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://battlefields1418.50megs.com/loos_photos.htm">Photograph collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/wargravescommission/docs/loos">CWGC: 1915: The Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soundclick.com/share.cfm?id=715793">Recording 'Laidlaw's Last Lament' song by David Kilpatrick</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top 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