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class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Loss of the Kink Salient</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of Local operations December 1915 – June 1916 <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lens-La_Bassee_area_September_1915.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lens-La_Bassee_area_September_1915.png/250px-Lens-La_Bassee_area_September_1915.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="426" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Lens-La_Bassee_area_September_1915.png 1.5x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><br />Lens–La Bassée area</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>11–14 May 1916</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Loos-en-Gohelle" title="Loos-en-Gohelle">Loos-en-Gohelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&params=50_27_30_N_02_47_39_E_type:event_region:FR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°27′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">02°47′39″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.45833°N 2.79417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.45833; 2.79417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> German victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Britain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Britain</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> General <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Falkenhayn" title="Erich von Falkenhayn">Erich von Falkenhayn</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Haig,_1st_Earl_Haig" title="Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig">Douglas Haig</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 battalions</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 2 battalions</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 71 (incomplete)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 935<br />135 taken prisoner</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="the Kink (Loos) is located in France"><img alt="the Kink (Loos) is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/200px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/300px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/400px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.921%;left:54.393%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="the Kink (Loos)"><img alt="the Kink (Loos)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>the Kink (Loos)</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" title="File:France location map-Regions and departements-2016.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Loos is a <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> region of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Local_operations,_December_1915_–_June_1916" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_The_Actions_of_Spring_1916" title="Template:Campaignbox The Actions of Spring 1916"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_The_Actions_of_Spring_1916" title="Template talk:Campaignbox The Actions of Spring 1916"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_The_Actions_of_Spring_1916" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox The Actions of Spring 1916"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Local_operations,_December_1915_–_June_1916" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Local operations, December 1915 – June 1916</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Actions</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_phosgene_attack_(19_December_1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="German phosgene attack (19 December 1915)">Gas: Wieltje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Bluff,_1916" title="Actions of the Bluff, 1916">The Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_action,_2%E2%80%9318_March_1916" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt action, 2–18 March 1916">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_St_Eloi_Craters" title="Actions of St Eloi Craters">St Eloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Hulluch" title="Gas attacks at Hulluch">Gas: Hulluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Wulverghem" title="Gas attacks at Wulverghem">Gas: Wulverghem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kink Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">Vimy Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel" title="Battle of Mont Sorrel">Mt Sorrel</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ypres_Salient" title="Ypres Salient">Ypres Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooge_in_World_War_I" title="Hooge in World War I">Hooge in World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_battle_for_the_German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Orders of battle for the German attack on Vimy Ridge">Orders of battle for the German attack on Vimy Ridge</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Front" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Front" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1914</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Capture_of_Moresnet" class="mw-redirect" title="German Capture of Moresnet">Moresnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">Invasion of Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinant" title="Battle of Dinant">Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(1914)" title="Siege of Namur (1914)">Namur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Frontiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lorraine" title="Battle of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ardennes" title="Battle of the Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charleroi" title="Battle of Charleroi">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trou%C3%A9e_de_Charmes" title="Battle of the Trouée de Charmes">Trouée de Charmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat" title="Great Retreat">Great Retreat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Cateau" title="Battle of Le Cateau">Le Cateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rearguard_Affair_of_%C3%89treux" title="Rearguard Affair of Étreux">Étreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1914)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1914)">1st St. Quentin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maubeuge" title="Siege of Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">1st Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">1st Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yser" title="Battle of the Yser">Yser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">1st Ypres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_operations_1914%E2%80%931915" title="Winter operations 1914–1915">Winter actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Artois" title="First Battle of Artois">1st Artois</a></li></ul> <p><b>1915</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Champagne" title="First Battle of Champagne">1st Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartmannswillerkopf" title="Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf">Hartmannswillerkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Neuve Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">2nd Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">2nd Artois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%A9buterne" title="Battle of Hébuterne">Hébuterne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">2nd Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">3rd Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_phosgene_attack_(19_December_1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="German phosgene attack (19 December 1915)">Gas: Wieltje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1916</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Bluff,_1916" title="Actions of the Bluff, 1916">The Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_action,_2%E2%80%9318_March_1916" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt action, 2–18 March 1916">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_St_Eloi_Craters" title="Actions of St Eloi Craters">St Eloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Hulluch" title="Gas attacks at Hulluch">Hulluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Wulverghem" title="Gas attacks at Wulverghem">Wulverghem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kink Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">Vimy Ridge 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel" title="Battle of Mont Sorrel">Mont Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boar%27s_Head" title="Battle of the Boar's Head">Boar's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">1st Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Fromelles" title="Attack at Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li></ul> <p><b>1917</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917">Ancre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alberich" title="Operation Alberich"><i>Alberich</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle_offensive" title="Nivelle offensive">Nivelle offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Vimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Second Battle of the Aisne">2nd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hills" title="Battle of the Hills">The Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Messines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Cambrai</a></li></ul> <p><b>1918</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michael" title="Operation Michael"><i>Michael</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_(1918)" title="Battle of the Lys (1918)">The Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Third Battle of the Aisne">3rd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belleau_Wood" title="Battle of Belleau Wood">Belleau Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">2nd Marne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(1918)" title="Battle of Soissons (1918)">Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ailette" title="Battle of the Ailette">Ailette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Second Battle of the Somme">2nd Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel">Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Quentin_Canal" title="Battle of St Quentin Canal">St Quentin Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Fifth Battle of Ypres">5th Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">2nd Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Courtrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Courtrai (1918)">Courtrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sambre_(1918)" title="Battle of the Sambre (1918)">Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_and_the_Escaut" title="Battle of the Lys and the Escaut">Lys and Escaut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">1914 Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_French_Army_mutinies" title="1917 French Army mutinies">French Army mutinies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_tactics,_1917" title="Western Front tactics, 1917">Western Front tactics, 1917</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p><b>The Loss of the Kink Salient</b> occurred during a local attack on 11 May 1916, by the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Royal_Bavarian_Division" title="3rd Royal Bavarian Division">3rd Bavarian Division</a> on the positions of the <a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Infantry_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Infantry Division">15th (Scottish) Division</a>. The attack took place at the west end of the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt near Loos, on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. An unprecedented bombardment demolished the British front line, then specially trained German assault units rushed the survivors and captured the British front line and the second line of defence; British tunnellers were trapped in their galleries and taken prisoner. </p><p>Hasty counter-attacks by the British were repulsed amidst the darkness, smoke and dust, which left British artillery observers unable to see the front line. The British guns continued to fire on the German front line long after the German raiders had crossed no man's land but an organised counter-attack at <span class="nowrap">9:30 p.m.</span> was conducted with artillery support. The counter-attack made progress at Hussar Horn in the early hours of 12 May but was abandoned. A final attempt to recapture the lost ground on 14 May was defeated and the British consolidated a new line further back, on ground less exposed than the Kink. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1915">1915</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1915"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Action_of_the_Hohenzollern_Redoubt" class="mw-redirect" title="Action of the Hohenzollern Redoubt">Action of the Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></div> <p>The Battle of Loos took place in support of the French autumn offensive by the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenth Army (France)">Tenth Army</a>, which fought the <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">Third Battle of Artois</a> <span class="nowrap">(25 September – 4 November)</span> and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Army (France)">Second</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Army (France)">Fourth</a> armies in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a> <span class="nowrap">(25 September – 6 November)</span>. The British attack began on 25 September, when the infantry advanced behind a cloud gas discharge, intended to make up for a lack of artillery and ammunition. The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span> were captured by the <a href="/wiki/9th_(Scottish)_Division" title="9th (Scottish) Division">9th (Scottish) Division</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928235–240_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928235–240-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 25/26 September, German counter-attacks retook ground but were repulsed at <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span> until another attack on 27 September, when the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse</i></span> was recaptured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928300–304,_350–354_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928300–304,_350–354-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British attacks to regain <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span> began on 28 September but the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt was also lost on 3 October. The British front was reorganised for another attempt, which due to delays and bad weather, was forestalled by a German surprise attack on 8 October, from Loos to La Bassée Canal. The delayed British attack went ahead on 13 October, in the action of the Hohenzollern Redoubt, during which the 46th (North Midland) Division overran the redoubt. The British were forced to retire after dark, because their salient was untenable. The British retreated to The Chord, a trench behind the east face of the redoubt and the west face was fortified as a reserve line. The attack had been a costly failure, in which the 46th (North Midland) Division suffered <span class="nowrap">3,583 casualties,</span> most in the first ten minutes of the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–371,_385–388_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–371,_385–388-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1916">1916</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1916"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hohenzollern_Redoubt_(1916)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt (1916)">Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hohenzollern_Redoubt_(1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt (1915)">Battle of the Hohenzollern Redoubt</a> in 1915, the British had retained the west end of the redoubt, with The Chord as the new front line. Artillery bombardments and tunnelling were conducted by the Germans during the winter of 1915–1916; due to the nature of the clay covering and chalk below ground, mine explosions threw up high lips around mine craters, which made good observation points. Observation increased the accuracy of German bombardments and The Chord was re-captured, leaving the British on lower ground in the west side of the redoubt. The British <a href="/wiki/170th_Tunnelling_Company" title="170th Tunnelling Company">170th Tunnelling Company</a>, dug deep galleries over four months during the winter and in late February, three mines were placed underneath the shallower galleries dug by the Germans. An attack was prepared by the <a href="/wiki/12th_(Eastern)_Division" title="12th (Eastern) Division">12th (Eastern) Division</a> for 2 March, to recapture The Chord. The mines were sprung at <span class="nowrap">5:45 p.m.</span> and formed craters 30 ft (9.1 m) west of The Chord, giving observation over the objective.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993174–176_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993174–176-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new craters, A, B and C, older craters 1 to 5 and Triangle Crater were occupied and the 170th Tunnelling Company destroyed German mine entrances found in the Triangle Crater. German counter-attacks retook Triangle Crater on 4 March and from 7 to 14 March, skirmishing took place during heavy snowstorms and bitter cold. German attacks diminished until 18 March, when five mines were blown, the captured portions of The Chord were re-taken and the British were driven back to the old front line. The Germans found the area equally untenable and retired to the eastern side of the crater lips. The British had found the craters to be poor protection against bombardment and the morass of liquefied chalk and mud at the crater bottoms was not suitable material for protection. Revetments dug into the crater lips was soon blown up by German shells or slipped down the crater sides.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993176–177_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993176–177-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Kink">The Kink</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Kink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the fighting in March 1916, the British front line near <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span> had become a blunt salient known as the Kink, between the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt and the Cité St. Elie quarries. The salient was about 400 yd (370 m) wide and lay on a slight slope down to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span> and had two outcrops, the Kink on the right and Hussar Horn on the left. The area was <a href="/wiki/Overlook" class="mw-redirect" title="Overlook">overlooked</a> from the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt, by <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span> and from several mine craters in no man's land. The area was regularly bombarded with great accuracy by German artillery and trench mortars. German mining had left no man's land, which was only 100 yd (91 m) wide, a crater field occupied by both sides. Many British troops considered that the area was the worst place on the Western Front. The 170th <a href="/wiki/Tunnelling_companies_of_the_Royal_Engineers" title="Tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers">Tunnelling Company</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">RE</a> had eventually managed to gain dominance over the German miners and by the end of April all of the craters except for one just north of the Kink had been re-captured. As a precaution, the old front line was maintained and further back, Hussar Horn and Anchor trenches crossed, making switch lines. A reserve line ran along Hulluch Alley and Sackville Street 250 yd (230 m) further back and the Village Line lay another 1.25 mi (2.01 km) beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993205–206_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993205–206-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_preparations_and_plan">German preparations and plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: German preparations and plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bavarian Infantry Regiment 18 of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Royal_Bavarian_Division" title="3rd Royal Bavarian Division">3rd Bavarian Division</a>, took over the area from the quarries to the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt on 1 April and found that the ground opposite the Kink was a narrow crater field, with no view of the British lines. The British held all but one crater, could creep up on the German lines and begin new mine galleries from the craters. The German defences were cramped for room, being less than 0.25 mi (0.40 km) forward of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span>, a German observation point. As the situation in the area deteriorated, the 3rd Bavarian Division planned to eliminate the threat by a surprise attack. II Battalion, Infantry Regiment 18 and I Battalion, Infantry Regiment 23 were selected for the operation, to be commanded by <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Generalmajor</i></span> (Major-General) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_von_Clau%C3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen von Clauß (page does not exist)">Eugen von Clauß</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_von_Clau%C3%9F" class="extiw" title="de:Eugen von Clauß">de</a>]</span>, the commander of the 6th Bavarian Infantry Brigade (6. <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">bayerische Infanterie-Brigade</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For several weeks, the battalions practised for the attack; <span class="nowrap">22 old</span> dugouts were enlarged and <span class="nowrap">29 more</span> were dug to accommodate the attackers during the final bombardment. Quick entry and exit from the dugouts was rehearsed and each soldier was shown the gap in the German barbed wire which he was to pass through. The attack was to begin at <span class="nowrap">6:00 p.m.,</span> led by bombing parties and bayonet men identified by black armlets, carrying wire cutters, spades and ladders. The second wave wearing white armbands were to carry entrenching tools and a third wave in red armlets, were to follow with <a href="/wiki/Cheval_de_frise" title="Cheval de frise">knife rests</a>, dugout frames, steel plates and planks. Each <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">Non-commissioned officer</a> was to wear a white board with the company number in black to keep units together. After several weather delays, the battalions were brought forward by train to <a href="/wiki/Meurchin" title="Meurchin">Meurchin</a> 3.5 mi (5.6 km) east of Hulluch then filtered forward in small groups to the dugouts. Ten minutes before zero hour, the troops moved into the front line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_defensive_preparations">British defensive preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: British defensive preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 15th (Scottish) Division took over the line around the Kink on 27 April, a day when German artillery and trench mortar fire increased. On 1 May, the Germans blew a small mine at Hussar Horn and a second mine on 5 May, which did no damage and was taken by the British to be for improvements to the German defences. German machine-gun fire had increased at night, when the British were trying to consolidate the craters in no man's land, which led to the British firing a bombardment on the German trenches on 6 May. After the British retaliatory bombardment, the Germans returned to the normal amount of artillery-fire. By 11 May, the 15th (Scottish) Division front was held by the 46th Brigade on the right with the 8th <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Own_Scottish_Borderers" title="King's Own Scottish Borderers">King's Own Scottish Borderers</a> (8th KOSB) and the 10th <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Rifles">Scottish Rifles</a>. On the left, the 45th Brigade held a sector with the 13th <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots" title="Royal Scots">Royal Scots</a> and the 11th <a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders" title="Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders">Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders</a>. The remaining four battalions of the brigades were in reserve and the 44th Brigade was accommodated in billets 5–6 mi (8.0–9.7 km) behind the front line.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11_May">11 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 11 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At <span class="nowrap">4:00 p.m.</span> German artillery began to fire on the front of the <a href="/wiki/15th_(Scottish)_Infantry_Division" title="15th (Scottish) Infantry Division">15th (Scottish) Division</a> (Major-General <a href="/wiki/Frederick_McCracken" title="Frederick McCracken">Frederick McCracken</a>) and at <span class="nowrap">4:25 p.m.,</span> the shelling fell on the Kink, from Border Redoubt to Clifford Street, in the area of the 13th Royal Scots of the <a href="/wiki/45th_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="45th Brigade (United Kingdom)">45th Brigade</a>. The British artillery returned fire soon after but dust and smoke obscured the front and made observation impossible. McCracken ordered the reserve brigade to readiness, moved a battalion to Noyelles and manned machine-guns in the Village Line. At <span class="nowrap">5:00 p.m.,</span> the Germans sprung a mine near <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Hohenzollern</i></span> Redoubt and then the German artillery-fire on the Kink diminished and increased at the redoubt. British artillery also switched targets and a German infantry attack was repulsed by the artillery and the small-arms fire of the 11th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (11th Argylls).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206–207_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206–207-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German artillery-fire increased at the Kink again at <span class="nowrap">5:45 p.m.</span> and became one of the greatest concentrations of shellfire on a small area of the war. Villages and artillery positions behind the front line were bombarded with high explosive and gas shells. The 13th Royal Scots in the first line had been killed, casualties had reduced the rest of the battalion by half and the ground had become a field of shell-holes. Battalion headquarters had been hit by a shell at <span class="nowrap">4:00 p.m.,</span> which wounded or killed everyone inside and created a command vacuum. At <span class="nowrap">6:00 p.m.,</span> German infantry moved forward, screened by the craters in no man's land and overwhelmed the survivors in the front line, after a short exchange of fire. The attackers then occupied Anchor Trench just behind, as the surviving <span class="nowrap">30–40 Scots</span> in the trench retreated to Sackville Street.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German attackers overshot because the British trenches were unrecognisable and almost reached the British third line in the gloom. The troops were rallied and returned to the objective at the British second line. Entrances of the British mine galleries were captured and <span class="nowrap">39 tunnellers</span> were taken prisoner. The 12th Royal Scots reserve company bombed forward from Sackville Street but were repulsed. British artillery fire continued on the crater field and the German front line, since telephone cables were buried only 6–12 in (15–30 cm) deep and had been cut as soon as the German artillery opened fire; observation was still impossible in the smoke and dust. During the night, the British artillery continued to fire at the wrong target and the German infantry were able to consolidate the captured ground undisturbed. At <span class="nowrap">6:30 p.m.,</span> the commander of the 6th/7th <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scots_Fusiliers" title="Royal Scots Fusiliers">Royal Scots Fusiliers</a> (6th/7th RSF) the 45th Brigade reserve battalion, took over in the sector.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Organised counter-attacks by bombing parties from the 6th/7th RSF began and other groups from the <a href="/wiki/46th_Infantry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)" title="46th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)">46th Brigade</a> area to the right joined in. The attacks failed against German machine-gun fire and Brigadier-General Allgood, commander of the 45th Brigade, ended the attempts to bomb along trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allgood prepared a counter-attack with artillery support, to take place at <span class="nowrap">9:30 p.m.</span> over open ground. Most of the attackers were mown down by machine-gun fire but some reached the west end of Hussar Horn. At <span class="nowrap">3:00 a.m.</span> on 12 May, the attempts were abandoned and a new front line was established in Sackville Street, which was consolidated with help from the 73rd Field company RE and the divisional pioneer battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="12–14_May"><span id="12.E2.80.9314_May"></span>12–14 May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 12–14 May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From <span class="nowrap">12–14 May,</span> a huge volume of German artillery-fire continued to fall in the area of the Kink, which destroyed many trenches and buried men. On 14 May, another counter-attack was made at <span class="nowrap">6:40 p.m.,</span>by the 7th/8th KOSB from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 98</i></span> on the right flank, to capture <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 99</i></span> east of Anchor Trench.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack on <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 99</i></span> was to be carried out by C Company, supported by A Company at <span class="nowrap">6:45 p.m.</span> After a bombardment beginning at <span class="nowrap">5:15 p.m.,</span> on the German line opposite the objective and along German trenches on either side. The British bombardment was feeble and within ten minutes, German artillery replied with a counter-barrage. The Scots retired from their trenches for about 100 yd (91 m) to avoid short-shelling and at <span class="nowrap">6:00 p.m.,</span> the trenches were reoccupied, as the heavy artillery lifted to targets further back and the field artillery continued on the German front line. C Company was to move along Stansfield Road to the support trench, where the leading to platoons were to close up to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 98</i></span>. The left two platoons were to move into the support trench and at <span class="nowrap">6:15 p.m.,</span> both parties were to assemble along <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 98</i></span>, ready to attack at <span class="nowrap">6:45 p.m.,</span> when the field artillery bombardment lifted to trenches behind <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 99</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192059_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192059-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Company was to follow C Company and turn off by half-companies, into the support trench and the fire trench respectively. When A Company got into the fire trench, direction was lost and the right half of the support company turned up a blind sap, due to the bombardments of both sides altering the landscape, some trenches having been obliterated. At <span class="nowrap">6:45 p.m.,</span> C Company attacked from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 98</i></span>, followed by the left flank platoons of A Company, then the right flank platoons across no man's land, which was about 200 yd (180 m) wide on the right and 150 yd (140 m) wide on the left. The leading company had spent ninety minutes under German artillery and trench mortar bombardment and moved as fast as possible to clear the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192060_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192060-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Scots attacked from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 98</i></span>, it was found that the Germans had moved up and occupied the far side of the Scottish barricade and engaged the attackers immediately. C Company reached <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 99</i></span> but forced out by German artillery and trench mortar fire. At <span class="nowrap">8:30 p.m.</span> another attack was ordered by B Company, two platoons of which had occupied part of Hulluch Alley close to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 98</i></span>, under fire from heavy artillery all day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192061_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192061-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The attack was ordered for <span class="nowrap">10:30 p.m.,</span> when the Scottish field artillery was to begin a barrage on <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau 99</i></span>. A Company, which had also been bombarded all day, was withdrawn from the front line to the assembly point in darkness and over ground, because the ground to the front rose towards the German front line in Crown Trench. It took until midnight before B Company was ready; the attack was cancelled and the troops were ordered to consolidate the position before dawn.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192061_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192061-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCracken ended attempts to recapture the lost ground, even though the German had improved their positions in front of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fosse 8</i></span>, since the new front line along Sackville Street and the support line behind, were better than the exposed lines at the Kink, a decision which was approved by the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="First Army (United Kingdom)">First Army</a> commander, General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Monro,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Monro, 1st Baronet">Charles Monro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em"> <caption>British casualties<br /><small>(19 December 1915<br />– June 1916)</small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993243_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993243-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>December</td> <td align="right">5,675 </td></tr> <tr> <td>January</td> <td align="right">9,974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>February</td> <td align="right">12,182 </td></tr> <tr> <td>March</td> <td align="right">17,814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>April</td> <td align="right">19,886 </td></tr> <tr> <td>May</td> <td align="right">22,418 </td></tr> <tr> <td>June</td> <td align="right">37,121 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td align="right"><b>125,141</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Germans captured an area of 600 by 400 yd (550 by 370 m) and the historians of Bavarian Infantry Regiment 18 wrote that the attack went according to plan. Misdirected British artillery-fire, which remained on the German front line all night, left the attackers to consolidate their gains undisturbed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200370_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200370-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> British infantry were said to have recovered quickly from the surprise and counter-attacked using hand grenades all night. The counter-attack on 14 May, was described by the British official historian, <a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Edmonds" title="James Edward Edmonds">James Edmonds</a>, as breaking down under German machine-gun fire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993210_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993210-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 15th (Scottish) Division had <span class="nowrap">935 casualties</span> from <span class="nowrap">11–15 May</span> of which the Germans claimed to have taken <span class="nowrap">135 prisoners.</span> The 13th Royal Scots lost <span class="nowrap">242 men,</span> <span class="nowrap">152 of</span> whom were listed as missing and believed to have been buried by German artillery-fire. The 170th Tunnelling Company RE lost <span class="nowrap">61 men.</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The II Battalion, Infantry Regiment 18 had <span class="nowrap">71 casualties,</span> most lost on 12 May. Casualties in I Battalion, Infantry Regiment 23 are not known.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Boyau</i></span> was the French term for a communication trench.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 1926, Stewart and Buchan, the 15th (Scottish) Division historians, recorded <span class="nowrap">493 casualties,</span> plus the <span class="nowrap">61 men</span> of the tunnelling company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928235–240-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928235–240_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 235–240.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928300–304,_350–354-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928300–304,_350–354_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 300–304, 350–354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–371,_385–388-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1928369–371,_385–388_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1928">Edmonds 1928</a>, pp. 369–371, 385–388.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993174–176-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993174–176_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, pp. 174–176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993176–177-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993176–177_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, pp. 176–177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993205–206-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993205–206_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, pp. 205–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993209–210_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, pp. 209–210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206–207-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993206–207_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, pp. 206–207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993207–208_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, pp. 207–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993208_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192059-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192059_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoss1920">Goss 1920</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192060-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192060_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoss1920">Goss 1920</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoss192061-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192061_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoss192061_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoss1920">Goss 1920</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993243-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993243_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200370-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200370_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewartBuchan2003">Stewart & Buchan 2003</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993210-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds1993210_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1993">Edmonds 1993</a>, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStewartBuchan200372_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStewartBuchan2003">Stewart & Buchan 2003</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds1928" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Edmonds" title="James Edward Edmonds">Edmonds, J. E.</a> (1928). <i>Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos</i>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents By Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58962526">58962526</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+France+and+Belgium%2C+1915%3A+Battles+of+Aubers+Ridge%2C+Festubert%2C+and+Loos&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+By+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1928&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58962526&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoss+of+the+Kink+Salient" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds1993" class="citation book cs1">Edmonds, J. E. (1993) [1932]. <i>Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: Sir Douglas Haig's Command to the 1st July: Battle of the Somme</i>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89839-185-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89839-185-5"><bdi>978-0-89839-185-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+France+and+Belgium%2C+1916%3A+Sir+Douglas+Haig%27s+Command+to+the+1st+July%3A+Battle+of+the+Somme&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=Imperial+War+Museum+%26+Battery+Press&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-89839-185-5&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoss+of+the+Kink+Salient" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoss1920" class="citation book cs1">Goss, J. (1920). <i>A Border Battalion: The History of the 7th/8th (Service) Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers</i>. Edinburgh: <a href="/wiki/T._N._Foulis" title="T. N. Foulis">T. N. Foulis</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35108910">35108910</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Border+Battalion%3A+The+History+of+the+7th%2F8th+%28Service%29+Battalion%2C+King%27s+Own+Scottish+Borderers&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=T.+N.+Foulis&rft.date=1920&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35108910&rft.aulast=Goss&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoss+of+the+Kink+Salient" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewartBuchan2003" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, J.; <a href="/wiki/John_Buchan" title="John Buchan">Buchan, J.</a> (2003) [1926]. <i>The Fifteenth (Scottish) Division 1914–1919</i> (Naval & Military Press ed.). Edinburgh: Wm. Blackwood and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84342-639-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84342-639-4"><bdi>978-1-84342-639-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifteenth+%28Scottish%29+Division+1914%E2%80%931919&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.edition=Naval+%26+Military+Press&rft.pub=Wm.+Blackwood+and+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84342-639-4&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Buchan%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoss+of+the+Kink+Salient" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarndale1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Farndale" title="Martin Farndale">Farndale, M.</a> (1986). <i>Western Front 1914–18</i>. History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: Royal Artillery Institution. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-870114-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-870114-00-4"><bdi>978-1-870114-00-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Front+1914%E2%80%9318&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Royal+Regiment+of+Artillery&rft.pub=Royal+Artillery+Institution&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-1-870114-00-4&rft.aulast=Farndale&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALoss+of+the+Kink+Salient" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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