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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Classical era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Late modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahlavi_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahlavi_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Pahlavi rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahlavi_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Islamic Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Language and ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location_and_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location_and_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Location and subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location_and_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Environmental issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fashion_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fashion industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Shopping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways_and_streets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways_and_streets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Highways and streets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways_and_streets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway_and_subway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway_and_subway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Railway and subway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway_and_subway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_green_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Parks and green spaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7.1</span> <span>Water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solar_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solar_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7.2</span> <span>Solar energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solar_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion_and_clothing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion_and_clothing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Fashion and clothing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion_and_clothing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Music and dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graffiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graffiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Graffiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graffiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twin towns – sister cities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cooperation_agreements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooperation_agreements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Cooperation agreements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooperation_agreements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tehran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 200 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-200" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">200 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8hran" title="Tèhran – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Tèhran" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Дыхьэрэн – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Дыхьэрэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B4%E1%88%85%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ቴህራን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቴህራን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehr%C4%81n" title="Tehrān – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tehrān" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طهران – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طهران" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%97%DC%AA%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܛܗܪܐܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܗܪܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թեհրան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թեհրան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তেহৰান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তেহৰান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%E1%B8%A5r%C3%A1n" title="Teḥrán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Teḥrán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तेहरान – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तेहरान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teer%C3%A3" title="Teerã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Teerã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегьран – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Тегьран" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تهران – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تهران" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9h%C3%A9ran" title="Téhéran – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Téhéran" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="তেহরান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তেহরান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D2%BB%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тәһран – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тәһран" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тэгеран – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэгеран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тэгеран – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тэгеран" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Техеран – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Техеран" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏེ་ཧི་རན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏེ་ཧི་རན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Teheran" title="Dakbayan sa Teheran – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Teheran" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طهران – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طهران" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzi%C5%82ts%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81k%CA%BCeh" title="Dziłtsį́į́kʼeh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dziłtsį́į́kʼeh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तेहरान – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="तेहरान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Τεχεράνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεχεράνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Тегеран ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Тегеран ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teherano" title="Teherano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teherano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تهران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تهران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9h%C3%A9ran" title="Téhéran – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Téhéran" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahran" title="Tahran – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Tahran" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تئران – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تئران" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%ED%97%A4%EB%9E%80" title="테헤란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테헤란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Թեհրան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թեհրան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तेहरान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तेहरान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C3%A6%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тæхран – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тæхран" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טהראן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טהראן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teera%C5%8B" title="Teeraŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Teeraŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ತೆಹ್ರಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತೆಹ್ರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="თეირანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თეირანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تہران – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تہران" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheranum" title="Teheranum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Teheranum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C4%81na" title="Teherāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Teherāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегьран – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Тегьран" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheranas" title="Teheranas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Teheranas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teran" title="Teran – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Teran" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegeran" title="Tegeran – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Tegeran" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Техеран – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Техеран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ടെഹ്റാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെഹ്റാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teherane" title="Teherane – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Teherane" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तेहरान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तेहरान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="თეირანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თეირანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طهران – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طهران" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تهران – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تهران" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тэгэран – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Тэгэран" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="တီဟီရန်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တီဟီရန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तेहरान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तेहरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तेहरान – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तेहरान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%98%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="テヘラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テヘラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D3%80%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ТехӀран – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ТехӀран" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheraan" title="Teheraan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Teheraan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegeraan" title="Tegeraan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Tegeraan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teran" title="Teran – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Teran" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ତେହେରାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତେହେରାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehron" title="Tehron – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tehron" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤਹਿਰਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਹਿਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تہران – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تہران" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تهران – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تهران" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teer%C3%A3" title="Teerã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teerã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegeran" title="Tegeran – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Tegeran" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teherani" title="Teherani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Teherani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ටෙහ්රාන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ටෙහ්රාන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تھران – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="تھران" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahraan" title="Tahraan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tahraan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاران – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Техеран – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Техеран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Teherán" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தெகுரான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெகுரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%ACehran" title="Ṭehran – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ṭehran" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D2%BB%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тәһран – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тәһран" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="టెహరాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టెహరాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เตหะราน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เตหะราน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Теҳрон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Теҳрон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahran" title="Tahran – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tahran" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4hran" title="Tähran – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Tähran" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Тегеран – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тегеран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تہران – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تہران" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%90%DA%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تېھران – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تېھران" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E8%98%AD" title="德黑蘭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="德黑蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E5%85%B0" title="德黑兰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="德黑兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F" title="טעהראן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טעהראן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E8%98%AD" title="德黑蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="德黑蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tehran" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teherans" title="Teherans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Teherans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%BB%91%E5%85%B0" title="德黑兰 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="德黑兰" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Teheran" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehron" title="Tehron – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tehron" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3616#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tehran&params=35_41_21_N_51_23_20_E_region:IR-23_type:city(9,000,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°41′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">51°23′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.68917°N 51.38889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.68917; 51.38889</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city in Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Iranian capital city. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tehran_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tehran (disambiguation)">Tehran (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Iran</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Tehran</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تهران</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:227px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg/288px-North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg/432px-North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg/576px-North_of_Tehran_Skyline_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1709" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div><div>Tehran skyline and the <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_end-year_traffic,_19_March_2018(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tehran_end-year_traffic%2C_19_March_2018%28cropped2%29.jpg/144px-Tehran_end-year_traffic%2C_19_March_2018%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tehran_end-year_traffic%2C_19_March_2018%28cropped2%29.jpg/216px-Tehran_end-year_traffic%2C_19_March_2018%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tehran_end-year_traffic%2C_19_March_2018%28cropped2%29.jpg/288px-Tehran_end-year_traffic%2C_19_March_2018%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="577" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Milad_Tower" title="Milad Tower">Milad Tower</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:78px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azadi_Tower_(29358497718).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Azadi_Tower_%2829358497718%29.jpg/140px-Azadi_Tower_%2829358497718%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Azadi_Tower_%2829358497718%29.jpg/210px-Azadi_Tower_%2829358497718%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Azadi_Tower_%2829358497718%29.jpg/280px-Azadi_Tower_%2829358497718%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Azadi_Tower" title="Azadi Tower">Azadi Tower</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg/142px-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg/213px-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg/284px-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan Palace</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Garden,_Tehran_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/National_Garden%2C_Tehran_07.jpg/142px-National_Garden%2C_Tehran_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/National_Garden%2C_Tehran_07.jpg/213px-National_Garden%2C_Tehran_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/National_Garden%2C_Tehran_07.jpg/284px-National_Garden%2C_Tehran_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5860" data-file-height="3906" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/National_Garden,_Tehran" title="National Garden, Tehran">National Garden</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-City_Theater_of_Tehran_2019_6_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2351" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/City_Theater_of_Tehran" title="City Theater of Tehran">City Theater</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="height:83px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg/140px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg/210px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg/280px-N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_muzeum_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3350" data-file-height="2003" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Tehran"><img alt="Official seal of Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg/100px-%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg/150px-%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg/200px-%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="58" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="9" data-lat="35.7219" data-lon="51.3347" data-overlays="["_7729c50b465e0d1ff27ae173ca1516ca37fdf1f2"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/35.7219/51.3347/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,35.7219,51.3347,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tehran&revid=1259654986&groups=_7729c50b465e0d1ff27ae173ca1516ca37fdf1f2" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,35.7219,51.3347,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Tehran&revid=1259654986&groups=_7729c50b465e0d1ff27ae173ca1516ca37fdf1f2 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tehran is located in Iran"><img alt="Tehran is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Iran_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Iran_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.812%;left:38.482%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tehran"><img alt="Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tehran</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Iran and Asia</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Iran</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tehran is located in Asia"><img alt="Tehran is located in Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:45.312%;left:18.978%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tehran"><img alt="Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Tehran</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Tehran (Asia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Asia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tehran&params=35_41_21_N_51_23_20_E_region:IR-23_type:city(9,000,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°41′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">51°23′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.68917°N 51.38889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.68917; 51.38889</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Iran</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Province">Tehran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ray_County,_Iran" title="Ray County, Iran">Rey</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shemiranat_County" title="Shemiranat County">Shemiranat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Tehran_County)" title="Central District (Tehran County)">Central</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Tehran">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alireza_Zakani" title="Alireza Zakani">Alireza Zakani</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Islamic_City_Council_of_Tehran" title="Islamic City Council of Tehran">City Council Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Chamran" title="Mehdi Chamran">Mehdi Chamran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">615 km<sup>2</sup> (237 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,235 km<sup>2</sup> (863 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">900 to 1,830 m (2,952 to 6,003 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,400,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">11,800/km<sup>2</sup> (31,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,039,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15,800,000<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Population rank in Iran<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iran_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iran cities by population">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tehrani (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:30" title="UTC+03:30">UTC+03:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Iran Time">Iran Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">(Not Observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dialling codes in Iran">+98 21</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate#Cold_semi-arid_climates" title="Semi-arid climate">BSk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.tehran.ir/">tehran.ir</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/40px-Farsi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/60px-Farsi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Farsi.svg/80px-Farsi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Arabic" title="Help:Arabic">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Tehran</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɛəˈr/: 'ere' in 'thereof'">ɛəˈr</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">تهران</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Persian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[tehˈɾɒːn]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d6\/Fa-ir-Tehran_%281%29.ogg\/Fa-ir-Tehran_%281%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Tehr\u00e2n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fa-ir-Tehran (1).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d6/Fa-ir-Tehran_%281%29.ogg/Fa-ir-Tehran_%281%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Tehrân</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fa-ir-Tehran_(1).ogg" title="File:Fa-ir-Tehran (1).ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and largest city of Iran. In addition to serving as the capital of <a href="/wiki/Tehran_province" title="Tehran province">Tehran province</a>, the city is the administrative center for <a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Tehran_County)" title="Central District (Tehran County)">Central District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Province_Structure_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Province_Structure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of around 9.4 million in the city as of 2018, and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_Iran" title="List of largest cities of Iran">most populous city</a> in Iran and <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East">second-largest metropolitan area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> after <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, and the 24th most populous metropolitan area in the world. <a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Greater Tehran</a> includes several municipalities, including, <a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andisheh" title="Andisheh">Andisheh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eslamshahr" title="Eslamshahr">Eslamshahr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakdasht" title="Pakdasht">Pakdasht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qods,_Iran" title="Qods, Iran">Qods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shahriar,_Tehran_province" title="Shahriar, Tehran province">Shahriar</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages (now <a href="/wiki/Ray,_Iran" title="Ray, Iran">Ray</a>), a prominent <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median</a> city<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> almost entirely destroyed in the medieval <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Turkic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Khwarezmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia">Mongol</a> invasions. Modern Ray was absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. </p><p>Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar" title="Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar">Agha Mohammad Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> in 1786, because of its proximity to Iran's territories in the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, then separated from Iran in the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Iranian Wars</a>, to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been moved several times throughout history, however, and Tehran became the 32nd <a href="/wiki/Capitals_of_Persia" title="Capitals of Persia">capital of Persia</a>. Large-scale construction works began in the 1920s, and Tehran became a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehran is home to many historical sites, including the royal complexes of <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27dabad_Complex" title="Sa'dabad Complex">Sa'dabad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Niavaran_Complex" title="Niavaran Complex">Niavaran</a>, where the last two dynasties of the former <a href="/wiki/Imperial_State_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial State of Iran">Imperial State of Iran</a> were seated. Tehran's landmarks include the <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Tower" title="Azadi Tower">Azadi Tower</a>, a memorial built under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Shah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a> in 1971 to mark the <a href="/wiki/2,500-year_celebration_of_the_Persian_Empire" title="2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire">2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Milad_Tower" title="Milad Tower">Milad Tower</a>, the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_towers" title="List of tallest towers">sixth-tallest self-supporting tower</a>, completed in 2007, another famous landmark in Tehran is the <a href="/wiki/Tabiat_Bridge" title="Tabiat Bridge">Tabiat Bridge</a>, completed in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the population are <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tabnak_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabnak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mohammad_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohammad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with roughly 99% of them speaking the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Ethnicities_in_Iran" title="Ethnicities in Iran">other ethnolinguistic groups</a> in the city which became Persianized and assimilated.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehran is served by <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Imam_Khomeini_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Imam Khomeini International Airport">Imam Khomeini International Airport</a>, alongside the domestic <a href="/wiki/Mehrabad_International_Airport" title="Mehrabad International Airport">Mehrabad Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran_railway_station" title="Tehran railway station">a central railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> system, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Tehran" title="Trolleybuses in Tehran">trolleybuses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Expressways_in_Tehran" title="List of Expressways in Tehran">a large network of highways</a>. </p><p>Plans to relocate the capital from Tehran to another area due to <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> and earthquakes have not been approved so far. A 2016 survey of 230 cities across the globe by <a href="/wiki/Mercer_(consulting_firm)" title="Mercer (consulting firm)">Mercer</a> ranked Tehran 203rd for <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">quality of life</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Tourism#MasterCard_Global_Destination_Cities_Index" title="Tourism">Global Destinations Cities Index</a> in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Iran" title="Tourism in Iran">growing destinations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the Tehran City Council declared 6 October to be Tehran Day, celebrating the date in 1907 when the city officially became the capital of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various theories on the origin of the name Tehran have been put forward. </p><p>Iranian linguist <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Kasravi" title="Ahmad Kasravi">Ahmad Kasravi</a>, in an article "Shemiran-Tehran", suggested that Tehran and Kehran mean "the warm place", and "Shemiran" means "the cool place". He listed cities with the same base and suffix and studied the components of the word in ancient <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a>, and came to the conclusion that Tehran and Kehran meant the same thing in different Iranian language families, as the constant "t" and "k" are close to each other in such languages. He also provided evidence that cities named "Shemiran" were colder than those named "Tehran" or "Kehran". He considered other theories not considering the ancient history of Iranian languages such as "Tirgan" theory and "Tahran" theory <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory is that "Tehran" derives from Tiran/Tirgan, "the abode of <a href="/wiki/Tir_(god)" title="Tir (god)">Tir</a>", the <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrian</a> equivalent of <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>. The ancient <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> town of Tiran had a neighbour, <a href="/wiki/Mehran_(district)" title="Mehran (district)">Mehran</a> ("abode of Mehr/Mithra", the Zoroastrian sun/justice angel). Both of these were mere villages in the suburbs of the great city of Ray/Rhages. Mehran still exists as a residential district in Greater Tehran, as well as Ray, which forms the southern suburbs of Tehran. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The official City of Tehran website says that "Tehran" comes from the Persian words "Tah" meaning "end", or "bottom", and "Ran" meaning "[mountain] slope"—literally, the bottom of the mountain (ته کوه), referring to Tehran's position at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a> mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spelling">Spelling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spelling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In English, it is also spelt "<b>Teheran</b>",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with both variants being used in books since at least 1800, and "Teheran" being the dominant form from after WWII until shortly before the Islamic Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tehran" title="Timeline of Tehran">Timeline of Tehran</a>.</div> <p>Archaeological remains from the ancient city of Ray suggest that settlement in Tehran dates back over 6,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classical_era">Classical era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Classical era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tehran is in the historical <a href="/wiki/Media_(region)" title="Media (region)">Media</a> region of (<a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian language">Old Persian</a>: <span lang="peo">𐎶𐎠𐎭</span> <span title="Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language romanization"><i lang="peo-Latn">Māda</i></span>) in northwestern Iran. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Median Empire</a>, part of present-day Tehran was a suburb of the prominent Median city of Rhages (<a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian language">Old Persian</a>: <span lang="peo">𐎼𐎥𐎠</span> <span title="Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)-language romanization"><i lang="peo-Latn">Ragā</i></span>). In the <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Videvdat</a></i> (i, 15), Rhages is mentioned as the 12th sacred place created by <a href="/wiki/Ahura_Mazda" title="Ahura Mazda">Ohrmazd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Old Persian</a> inscriptions, Rhages appears as a province (<a href="/wiki/Behistun_Inscription" title="Behistun Inscription">Bistun</a> 2, 10–18). From Rhages, <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> sent reinforcements to his father <a href="/wiki/Hystaspes_(father_of_Darius_I)" title="Hystaspes (father of Darius I)">Hystaspes</a>, who was putting down a rebellion in <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> (Bistun 3, 1–10).<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> texts give Rhages as the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although modern historians generally place the birth of Zoroaster in <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorasan Province">Khorasan Province</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Mount Damavand</a>, the highest peak of Iran, which is located near Tehran, is an important location in <a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Šāhnāme</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Tafazolli_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tafazolli-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Iranian <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">ancient legends of Iran</a>. It appears in the epics as the homeland of the <a href="/wiki/Protoplast_(religion)" title="Protoplast (religion)">protoplast</a> <a href="/wiki/Keyumars" title="Keyumars">Keyumars</a>, the birthplace of King <a href="/wiki/Manuchehr" title="Manuchehr">Manuchehr</a>, the place where King <a href="/wiki/Fereydun" title="Fereydun">Fereydun</a> bound the dragon fiend <a href="/wiki/Zahhak" title="Zahhak">Aždahāk</a> (Bivarasp), and the place where <a href="/wiki/Arash" title="Arash">Arash</a> shot his arrow.<sup id="cite_ref-Tafazolli_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tafazolli-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 641, during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdgerd III</a> issued his last appeal to the nation from Rhages, before fleeing to Khorasan.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhages was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Mihran" title="House of Mihran">House of Mihran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Siyavakhsh" title="Siyavakhsh">Siyavakhsh</a>—the son of <a href="/wiki/Mihran_Bahram-i_Chubin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihran Bahram-i Chubin">Mehran</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin">Bahram Chobin</a>—who resisted the seventh-century <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim invasion of Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this resistance, when the Arabs captured Rhages, they ordered the town destroyed and rebuilt anew by traitor aristocrat <a href="/wiki/Farrukhzad" title="Farrukhzad">Farrukhzad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the ninth century, Tehran was a well-known village, but less so than the city of Rhages, flourishing nearby. Rhages was described in detail by tenth-century Muslim geographers.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the interest that Arabian <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> displayed in Rhages, the number of Arabs in the city remained insignificant and the population mainly consisted of Iranians of all classes.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> invaded Rhages in 1035, and again in 1042, but the city was recovered under the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Khwarazmian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarazmian dynasty">Khwarezmians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medieval writer <a href="/wiki/Najm_al-Din_Razi" title="Najm al-Din Razi">Najm od Din Razi</a> declared the population of Rhages about 500,000 before the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Khwarezmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia">Mongol invasion</a>. In the 13th century, the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongols</a> invaded Rhages, laid the city to ruins, and massacred many of its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others escaped to Tehran. </p><p>In July 1404, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilian</a> ambassador <a href="/wiki/Ruy_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Clavijo" title="Ruy González de Clavijo">Ruy González de Clavijo</a> visited Tehran on a journey to <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, the capital of Turco-Mongol conqueror <a href="/wiki/Timur" title="Timur">Timur</a>, the ruler of Iran at the time. He described it in his diary as an unwalled region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Italian traveler <a href="/wiki/Pietro_della_Valle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro della Valle">Pietro della Valle</a> passed through Tehran overnight in 1618, and in his memoirs called the city <i>Taheran</i>. English traveler <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Herbert,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Herbert, 1st Baronet">Thomas Herbert</a> entered Tehran in 1627, and mentioned it as <i>Tyroan</i>. Herbert stated that the city had about 3,000 houses.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica1911_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica1911-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar,_painting,_ca._1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar%2C_painting%2C_ca._1840.jpg/170px-Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar%2C_painting%2C_ca._1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar%2C_painting%2C_ca._1840.jpg/255px-Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar%2C_painting%2C_ca._1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar%2C_painting%2C_ca._1840.jpg/340px-Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar%2C_painting%2C_ca._1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption>A portrait of Shah of Iran <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar" title="Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar">Agha Mohammad Khan</a>, at London's <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">V&A Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Karim_Khan_Zand" title="Karim Khan Zand">Karim Khan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zand_dynasty" title="Zand dynasty">Zand dynasty</a> ordered a palace and a government office built in Tehran, possibly to declare the city his capital; but he later moved his government to <a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a>. Eventually, Qajar king <a href="/wiki/Agha_Mohammad_Khan_Qajar" title="Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar">Agha Mohammad Khan</a> chose Tehran as the capital of Iran in 1786.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agha Mohammad Khan's choice of his capital was based on a similar concern for the control of both northern and southern Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was aware of the loyalties of the inhabitants of former capitals <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> and Shiraz to the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid</a> and Zand dynasties respectively, and was wary of the power of the local notables in these cities.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, he probably viewed Tehran's lack of a substantial urban structure as a blessing, because it minimized the chances of resistance to his rule by the notables and by the general public.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, he had to remain within close reach of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Azerbaijan</a> and Iran's integral <a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasian territories</a><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—at that time not yet irrevocably lost per the treaties of <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Golestan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Turkmenchay</a> to the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>—which would follow in the course of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg/220px-Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg/330px-Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg/440px-Golestan_Palace_Album_No._132-31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4876" data-file-height="3742" /></a><figcaption>A modern street in Tehran at the end of the 19th-century. (Golestan Palace Collection)</figcaption></figure> <p>After 50 years of Qajar rule, the city still barely had more than 80,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.nl_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.nl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Up until the 1870s, Tehran consisted of a walled citadel, a roofed <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaar</a>, and the three main neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Oudlajan" title="Oudlajan">Udlajan</a>, Chale-Meydan, and Sangelaj, where the majority resided. </p><p>During the long reign of <a href="/wiki/Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar" title="Naser al-Din Shah Qajar">Naser al-Din Shah</a> (1848-1896), Tehran witnessed Iran's first <a href="/wiki/Dar_ul-Funun_(Persia)" title="Dar ul-Funun (Persia)">institute of higher learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Bank_of_Persia" title="Imperial Bank of Persia">bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tehran%E2%80%93Rey_Railway" title="Tehran–Rey Railway">railway line</a> and museum. <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city expanded rapidly through multiple development plans<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first development plan of Tehran in 1855 emphasized traditional spatial structure. The second, under the supervision of <a href="/wiki/Dar_ul-Funun_(Persia)" title="Dar ul-Funun (Persia)">Dar ol Fonun</a> in 1878, included new city walls, in the form of a perfect octagon with an area of 19 square kilometers, mimicking the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> cities of Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-Vahdat_Za-2011_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vahdat_Za-2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehran was 19.79 square kilometers, and had expanded more than fourfold.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_modern_era">Late modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Late modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg/220px-Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg/330px-Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg/440px-Poster_of_Conquest_of_Tehran_in_July_1909_by_Bakhtiaris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_Tehran" title="Triumph of Tehran">Triumph of Tehran</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ali-Qoli_Khan_Bakhtiari" title="Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari">Sardar Asad II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni">Sepahsalar e Tonekaboni</a> conquering Tehran in July 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>Growing awareness of civil rights resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitutional_Revolution" title="Persian Constitutional Revolution">Constitutional Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Constitution_of_1906" title="Persian Constitution of 1906">first constitution of Iran</a> in 1906. On June 2, 1907, the parliament passed a law on local governance known as the <i>Baladie</i> (<a href="/wiki/Municipal_law" title="Municipal law">municipal law</a>), providing a detailed outline of issues such as the role of councils within the city, the members' qualifications, the election process, and the requirements to be entitled to vote. The then-Qajar monarch <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Shah_Qajar" title="Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar">Mohammad Ali Shah</a> abolished the constitution and <a href="/wiki/1908_bombardment_of_the_Majlis" title="1908 bombardment of the Majlis">bombarded</a> the parliament with the help of the Russian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Persian_Cossack_Brigade" title="Persian Cossack Brigade">Cossack Brigade</a> on June 23, 1908. That was followed by the capture of the city by the revolutionary forces of <a href="/wiki/Ali-Qoli_Khan_Bakhtiari" title="Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari">Ali-Qoli Khan</a> (Sardar Asad II) and <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Vali_Khan_Tonekaboni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni">Mohammad Vali Khan</a> (Sepahsalar e Tonekaboni) on July 13, 1909. As a result, the monarch was exiled and replaced by his son <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Qajar" title="Ahmad Shah Qajar">Ahmad</a>, and the parliament was re-established. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persian campaign</a>, Russian forces that were occupying the northwest of Iran marched around <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a> and approached Tehran, caused a crisis and the dissolution of <a href="/wiki/National_Consultative_Assembly" title="National Consultative Assembly">parliament</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Qajar" title="Ahmad Shah Qajar">Ahmad Shah Qajar</a> and his entourage decided to leave Tehran and move the capital to another place, sparking fears of rebellion in other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-Bahar-1992_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahar-1992-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a>, Iranian forces led by Heydar Latifiyan prevented the Russians from taking Tehran, despite the latter winning the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also allowed government functions to be moved to Qom and then to Isfahan, while the monarchy remained in Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-Bahar-1992_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahar-1992-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pahlavi_rule">Pahlavi rule</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Pahlavi rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif/lossy-page1-250px-ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif/lossy-page1-375px-ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif/lossy-page1-500px-ETH-BIB-Teheran_aus_400_m_H%C3%B6he-Persienflug_1924-1925-LBS_MH02-02-0085-AL-FL.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4961" data-file-height="3421" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Tehran in 1925</figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_assembly" title="Constituent assembly">constituent assembly</a> elected <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a> as the new monarch, who immediately suspended the Baladie law of 1907, replacing the decentralized and autonomous city councils with centralist approaches to <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a> and planning.<sup id="cite_ref-Vahdat_Za-2011_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vahdat_Za-2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 1920s to the 1930s, under the rule of Reza Shah, the city was essentially rebuilt from scratch. Several old buildings, including parts of the <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekyeh_Dowlat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekyeh Dowlat">Tekye Dowlat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toopkhaneh" title="Toopkhaneh">Tupkhane Square</a>, were replaced with modern buildings influenced by classical Iranian architecture, particularly the buildings of the <a href="/wiki/Bank_Melli_Iran" title="Bank Melli Iran">National Bank</a>, the police headquarters, the telegraph office, and the military academy. </p><p>Changes to the urban fabric began with the street-widening act of 1933, which served as a framework for changes in all other cities. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Tehran" title="Grand Bazaar, Tehran">Grand Bazaar</a> was divided in half and many historic buildings were demolished and replaced by wide straight avenues,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the traditional texture of the city was replaced with intersecting cruciform streets that created large roundabouts in major public spaces such as the bazaar. </p><p>As an attempt to create a network for easy transportation within the city, the old citadel and city walls were demolished in 1937, replaced by wide streets cutting through the urban fabric. The new city map of Tehran in 1937 was heavily influenced by modernist planning patterns of zoning and gridiron networks.<sup id="cite_ref-Vahdat_Za-2011_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vahdat_Za-2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Soviet and British troops entered the city. In 1943, Tehran was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a>, attended by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, Soviet Premier <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, and British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>. </p><p>The establishment of the planning organization of Iran in 1948 resulted in the first socioeconomic development plan to cover from 1949 to 1955. These plans not only failed to slow the unbalanced growth of Tehran but with the 1962 land reforms that Reza Shah's son and successor <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Shah</a> named the <i><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution" title="White Revolution">White Revolution</a></i>, Tehran's chaotic growth was further accentuated. </p><p>Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Tehran developed rapidly under Mohammad Reza Shah. Modern buildings altered the face of Tehran and ambitious projects were planned for the following decades. To resolve the problem of <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">social exclusion</a>, the first comprehensive plan was approved in 1968. The consortium of Iranian architect <a href="/wiki/Abdol-Aziz_Mirza_Farmanfarmaian" title="Abdol-Aziz Mirza Farmanfarmaian">Abd-ol-Aziz Farmanfarmaian</a> and the American firm of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gruen" title="Victor Gruen">Victor Gruen Associates</a> identified the main problems blighting the city as high-density suburbs, air and water pollution, inefficient infrastructure, unemployment, and rural-urban migration. Eventually, the whole plan was marginalized by the <a href="/wiki/1979_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Revolution">1979 Revolution</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vahdat_Za-2011_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vahdat_Za-2011-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_(49550671088).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_%2849550671088%29.jpg/220px-Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_%2849550671088%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_%2849550671088%29.jpg/330px-Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_%2849550671088%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_%2849550671088%29.jpg/440px-Tehran_IMG_20191219_122637099_%2849550671088%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Tower" title="Azadi Tower">Azadi Tower</a> was built in 1971.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tehran's most famous landmark, the Azadi Tower, was built by the order of the Shah in 1971. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Amanat" title="Hossein Amanat">Hossein Amanat</a>, an architect whose design won a competition, combining elements of classical <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_architecture" title="Sasanian architecture">Sassanian architecture</a> with post-classical Iranian architecture. Formerly known as the <i>Shahyad Tower</i>, it was built to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/2,500-year_celebration_of_the_Persian_Empire" title="2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire">2,500th anniversary of the Imperial State of Iran</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_Republic">Islamic Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Islamic Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> in 1980 to 1988, Tehran was repeatedly targeted by airstrikes and <a href="/wiki/Scud" class="mw-redirect" title="Scud">Scud</a> missile attacks. </p><p>The 435-meter-high Milad Tower, one of the proposed development projects of pre-revolutionary Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-SadCity_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SadCity-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was completed in 2007, and has become a famous landmark of Tehran. Tabiat Bridge, a 270-meter <a href="/wiki/Footbridge" title="Footbridge">pedestrian overpass</a><sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that was designed by award-winning architect <a href="/wiki/Leila_Araghian" title="Leila Araghian">Leila Araghian</a>, was completed in 2014. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tehran" title="Demographics of Tehran">Demographics of Tehran</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ethnicities_in_Iran" title="Ethnicities in Iran">Ethnicities in Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_Population_(1956-2016).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tehran_Population_%281956-2016%29.png/220px-Tehran_Population_%281956-2016%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tehran_Population_%281956-2016%29.png/330px-Tehran_Population_%281956-2016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tehran_Population_%281956-2016%29.png/440px-Tehran_Population_%281956-2016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption>Population of Tehran</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg/220px-Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg/330px-Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg/440px-Tehran_population_pyramid_in_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2693" data-file-height="2057" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tehran_province" title="Tehran province">Tehran province</a> population pyramid in 2016</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Tehran's Population History</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1554</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1626</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.54%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1797</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1807</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1812</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">60,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1834</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1867</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">147,256</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.87%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1930</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">250,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">540,087</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.01%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,560,934</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+6.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,719,730</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.71%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,530,223</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,058,207</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.95%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,497,238</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">6,758,845</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.79%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,711,230</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.33%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,244,759</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.35%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,737,510</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.17%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The city of Tehran had a population of 7,711,230 in 2,286,787 households at the time of the 2006 National Census.<sup id="cite_ref-2006_Tehran_Province_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_Tehran_Province-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following census in 2011 counted 8,154,051 people in 2,624,511 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_Tehran_Province_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_Tehran_Province-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 8,693,706 people in 2,911,065 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_Tehran_Province_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_Tehran_Province-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_and_ethnicity">Language and ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Language and ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With its cosmopolitan atmosphere, Tehran is home to diverse ethnic and linguistic groups from all over the country. The present-day dominant language of Tehran is the <a href="/wiki/Tehrani_accent" title="Tehrani accent">Tehrani variety</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>, and the majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohammad_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohammad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tabnak_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabnak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, before, the native language of the Tehran–Ray region was not Persian, which is linguistically Southwest Iranian and originates in <a href="/wiki/Fars_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Fars Province">Fars</a>, but a now extinct <a href="/wiki/Western_Iranian_languages" title="Western Iranian languages">Northwestern Iranian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azeris</a> form the second-largest ethnic group of the city, comprising about 10-15% <sup id="cite_ref-Iran-Azeris_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iran-Azeris-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Country_Study_Guide-Azerbaijanis-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the total population, while ethnic <a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_people" title="Mazanderani people">Mazanderanis</a> are the third-largest, comprising about 5% of the total population.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehran's other ethnic communities include <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Armenians" title="Iranian Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Georgians" title="Iranian Georgians">Georgians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakhtiari_people" title="Bakhtiari people">Bakhtyaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talysh_people" title="Talysh people">Talysh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrians_in_Iran" title="Assyrians in Iran">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Iran" title="Circassians in Iran">Circassians</a>. </p><p>According to a 2010 census conducted by the Sociology Department of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a>, in many districts of Tehran across various socio-economic classes in proportion to population sizes of each district and socio-economic class, 63% of the people were born in Tehran, 98% knew Persian, 75% identified themselves as ethnic Persian, and 13% had some degree of proficiency in a European language.<sup id="cite_ref-tabnak_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tabnak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehran saw a drastic change in its ethnic-social composition in the early 1980s. After the political, social, and economic consequences of the <a href="/wiki/1979_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Revolution">1979 Revolution</a> and the years that followed, a number of Iranian citizens, mostly Tehranis, left Iran. The majority of <a href="/wiki/Iranian_diaspora" title="Iranian diaspora">Iranian emigrations</a> have left for the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Germany" title="Iranians in Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Iranians" title="Swedish Iranians">Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Canadians" title="Iranian Canadians">Canada</a>. </p><p>With the start of the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> (1980–1988), the second wave of inhabitants fled the city, especially during the Iraqi air offensives on the capital. With most major powers backing Iraq at the time, economic isolation gave yet more reason for many inhabitants to leave the city (and the country). Having left all they had and having struggled to adapt to a new country and build a life, most of them never came back when the war was over. During the war, Tehran also received a great number of migrants from the west and the southwest of the country bordering <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. </p><p>The unstable situation and the war in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into the country who arrived in millions, with Tehran being a magnet for many seeking work, who subsequently helped the city to recover from war wounds, working for a far lower pay than local construction workers. Many of these refugees are being repatriated with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>, but there are still sizable groups of Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Tehran who are reluctant to leave, being pessimistic about the situation in their own countries. Afghan refugees are mostly <a href="/wiki/Dari_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari language">Dari</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara people">Hazara</a>, speaking a variety of Persian, and Iraqi refugees are mainly <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Arabic" title="Mesopotamian Arabic">Mesopotamian Arabic</a>-speakers who are often of Iranian and Persian ethnic heritage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Religion in Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_centers_in_Tehran" title="List of religious centers in Tehran">List of religious centers in Tehran</a></div> <p>The majority of Tehranis are officially <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelver Shia">Twelver Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslims</a>, which has also been the state religion since the 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Safavid_conversion_of_Iran_to_Shia_Islam" title="Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam">Safavid conversion</a>. Other religious communities in the city include followers of the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Mystic</a> branches of Islam, various <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> denominations, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>. </p><p>In the 2016 "Tehran Survey", when residents of Tehran were asked about the importance of religion in their life, 53.5% considered it to be "very important / important", 31.1% to be "rather important", 10.5% to be "not very important" and 4.8% to be "not at all important."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many religious centres scattered around the city, from old to newly built centres, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_centers_in_Tehran#Mosques_and_madrasehs" title="List of religious centers in Tehran">mosques</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_centers_in_Tehran#Churches" title="List of religious centers in Tehran">churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_centers_in_Tehran#Synagogues" title="List of religious centers in Tehran">synagogues</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_centers_in_Tehran#Fire_temples" title="List of religious centers in Tehran">Zoroastrian fire temples</a>. The city also has a very small third-generation Indian <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> community with a local <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a> that was visited by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Indian Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Indian_Prime_Minister_in_Tehran_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indian_Prime_Minister_in_Tehran-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location_and_subdivisions">Location and subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Location and subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_district_map_(blank).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tehran_district_map_%28blank%29.svg/220px-Tehran_district_map_%28blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tehran_district_map_%28blank%29.svg/330px-Tehran_district_map_%28blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Tehran_district_map_%28blank%29.svg/440px-Tehran_district_map_%28blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1489" data-file-height="1053" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Tehran</figcaption></figure> <p>The metropolis of Tehran is divided into 22 municipal districts, each with its own administrative center. Of the 22 municipal districts, 20 are located in <a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Tehran_County)" title="Central District (Tehran County)">Central District</a>, while districts <a href="/wiki/District_1_(Tehran)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 1 (Tehran)">1</a> and <a href="/wiki/District_20_(Tehran)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 20 (Tehran)">20</a> are respectively located in the counties of <a href="/wiki/Shemiranat_County" title="Shemiranat County">Shemiranat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_County,_Iran" title="Ray County, Iran">Ray</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Regions and municipal districts of Tehran </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <p><b>North</b>:<br /> <u>District 1:</u><br />  • Farmaniyeh<br />  • Evin<br />  • Darakeh<br />  • Zaferaniyeh<br />  • Mahmoodiyeh<br />  • Velenjak<br />  • Darband<br />  • Golabdarreh<br />  • Jamaran<br />  • Dezashib<br />  • Niavaran<br />  • Darabad<br />  • Tajrish<br />  • Gheytariyeh<br />  • Chizar<br />  • Ozgol<br />  • Aghdasiyeh<br />  • Elahieh<br />  • Jamshidiyeh<br />  • Saadabad<br />  • Kamraniyeh<br /> <u>District 2:</u><br />  • Farahzad<br />  • Shahrara<br />  • Gisha<br />  • Punak-e<br />   Bahtari<br />  • Saadat Abad<br />  • Sadeghieh<br />  • Shahrak-e Gharb<br />  • Tarasht<br />  • Tohid<br /> <u>District 3:</u><br />  • Darus<br />  • Davoodiyeh<br />  • Ekhtiariyeh<br />  • Golhak<br />  • Vanak<br />  • Jordan<br /> <u>District 5:</u><br />  • Bolvar-e<br />   Ferdowsi<br />  • Jannat Abad<br />  • Ekbatan<br />  • Punak<br /> <u>District 6:</u><br />  • Amir Abad<br />  • Arjantin<br />  • Yousef Abad<br />  • Park-e Laleh<br /> </p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>East</b>:<br /> <u>District 4:</u><br />  • Khak Sefid<br />  • Hakimiyeh<br />  • Lavizan<br />  • Ozgol<br />  • Pasdaran<br />  • Resalat<br />  • Shams Abad<br />  • Shemiran-e-No<br />  • Tehranpars<br />  • Zargande<br />  • Narmak<br /> <u>District 7:</u><br />  • Abbas Abad<br />  • Behjat<br />   Abad<br />  • Emam<br />   Hossein<br />  • Sabalan<br /> <u>District 8:</u><br />  • Mo'allem<br />  • Narmak<br />  • Samangan<br />  • Nezam Abad<br /> <u>District 13:</u><br />  • Dowshan Tappe<br />  • Niru Havaii<br />  • Tehran-e-No<br />  • Piroozi<br /> <u>District 14:</u><br />  • Chaharsad<br />   Dastgah<br />  • Dulab<br />  • Esfahanak<br />  • Khorasan<br />  • Sad Dastgah<br /> </p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>Center</b>:<br /> <u>District 10:</u><br />  • Beryanak<br />  • Haft Chenar<br />  • Salsabil<br /> <u>District 11:</u><br />  • Dokhaniyat<br />  • Lashkar<br />  • Moniriyeh<br />  • Sheikh Hadi<br /> <u>District 12:</u><br />  • Baharestan<br />  • Bazar-e Tehran<br />  • Ferdowsi<br />  • Gorgan<br />  • Park-e Shahrr<br />  • Pich-e Shemiran<br /> <u>District 17:</u><br />  • Emamzade<br />   Hasan<br />  • Bagh Khazaneh<br />  • Qal'e Morghi<br /> </p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>South</b>:<br /> <u>District 15:</u><br />  • Afsariyeh<br />  • Bisim<br />  • Khavaran<br />  • Kiyanshahr<br />  • Masoudiyeh<br />  • Moshiriyeh<br /> <u>District 16:</u><br />  • Ali Abad<br />  • Bagh-e Azari<br />  • Khazane<br />  • Yakhchi Abad<br />  • Javadiyeh<br />  • Nazi Abad<br /> <u>District 19:</u><br />  • Abdol Abad<br />  • Khani Abad No<br />  • Nemat Abad<br /> <u>District 20:</u><br />  • Dolat Abad<br />  • Javanmard-e<br />   Ghassab<br />  • Ebn<br />   Babviyeh<br />  • Hazrat-e<br />   Abdol-Azim<br />  • Sizdah-e<br />   Aban<br />  • Rey<br /> </p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p><b>West</b>:<br /> <u>District 9:</u><br />  • Jey<br />  • Sar-Asyab<br />  • Mehr Abad<br /> <u>District 18:</u><br />  • Khalije Fars<br />  • Yaft Abad<br />  • Shad Abad<br />  • Shahrak-e<br />   Vali-Asr<br />  • Tolid Daru<br />  • Ferdows<br /> <u>District 21:</u><br />  • Shahrak-e-Darya<br />  • Bashgah-e<br />   Naft<br />  • Tehransar<br />  • Shahrak-e-Pasdaran<br />  • Shahrak-e-Azadi<br />  • Vardavard<br /> <u>District 22:</u><br />  • Bagh-e<br />   Haj-Seif<br />  • Kan<br />  • Kuy-e<br />   Sazman-e<br />   Barname<br />  • Park Chitgar<br />  • Peykanshahr<br />  • Stadium-e<br />   Azadi<br />  • Shahrak-e<br />   Cheshmeh<br />  • Shahrak-e<br />   Rah-Ahan<br />  • Shahrak-e<br />   Omid  • Shahid Baqeri<br />  • Dehkade-ye-Olympic<br />  • Daryache Chitgar<br />  • Golestan<br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipal districts of Tehran </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Persian Name</th> <th>County</th> <th>Number of<br />Municipal Regions</th> <th>Area</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Population Density</th> <th>Location within Tehran </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_1_(Tehran)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 1 (Tehran)">District 1</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱ – Mantaqe ye Yek</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shemiranat_County" title="Shemiranat County">Shemiranat County</a></td> <td>10</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001640000000000000♠">64.0</span> km²</td> <td>487,508</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004105330000000000♠">10,533</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran1.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tehran1.PNG/200px-Tehran1.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tehran1.PNG/300px-Tehran1.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Tehran1.PNG/400px-Tehran1.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_2_(Tehran)" title="District 2 (Tehran)">District 2</a></td> <td>منطقه ۲ – Mantaqe ye Do</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>9</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001640000000000000♠">64.0</span> km²</td> <td>701,303</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004149640000000000♠">14,964</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran2.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tehran2.PNG/200px-Tehran2.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tehran2.PNG/300px-Tehran2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tehran2.PNG/400px-Tehran2.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_3_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 3 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 3</a></td> <td>منطقه ۳ – Mantaqe ye Se</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001312000000000000♠">31.2</span> km²</td> <td>330,649</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004101560000000000♠">10,156</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran3.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tehran3.PNG/200px-Tehran3.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tehran3.PNG/300px-Tehran3.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tehran3.PNG/400px-Tehran3.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_4_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 4 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 4</a></td> <td>منطقه ۴ – Mantaqe ye Chahār</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>9</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001614000000000000♠">61.4</span> km²</td> <td>919,001</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004149430000000000♠">14,943</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran4.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tehran4.PNG/200px-Tehran4.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tehran4.PNG/300px-Tehran4.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tehran4.PNG/400px-Tehran4.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_5_(Tehran)" title="District 5 (Tehran)">District 5</a></td> <td>منطقه ۵ – Mantaqe ye Panj</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>7</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001529000000000000♠">52.9</span> km²</td> <td>858,346</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004183200000000000♠">18,320</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran5.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tehran5.PNG/200px-Tehran5.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tehran5.PNG/300px-Tehran5.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Tehran5.PNG/400px-Tehran5.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_6_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 6 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 6</a></td> <td>منطقه ۶ – Mantaqe ye Šeŝ</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001214000000000000♠">21.4</span> km²</td> <td>251,384</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004137630000000000♠">13,763</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran6.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tehran6.PNG/200px-Tehran6.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tehran6.PNG/300px-Tehran6.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Tehran6.PNG/400px-Tehran6.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_7_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 7 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 7</a></td> <td>منطقه ۷ – Mantaqe ye Haft</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001154000000000000♠">15.4</span> km²</td> <td>312,194</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004201400000000000♠">20,140</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran7.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tehran7.PNG/200px-Tehran7.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tehran7.PNG/300px-Tehran7.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Tehran7.PNG/400px-Tehran7.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_8_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 8 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 8</a></td> <td>منطقه ۸ – Mantaqe ye Haŝt</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001134000000000000♠">13.4</span> km²</td> <td>425,197</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004319840000000000♠">31,984</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran8.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tehran8.PNG/200px-Tehran8.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tehran8.PNG/300px-Tehran8.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tehran8.PNG/400px-Tehran8.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_9_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 9 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 9</a></td> <td>منطقه ۹ – Mantaqe ye Noh</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001196000000000000♠">19.6</span> km²</td> <td>174,239</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003638700000000000♠">6,387</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran9.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tehran9.PNG/200px-Tehran9.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tehran9.PNG/300px-Tehran9.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tehran9.PNG/400px-Tehran9.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_10_(Tehran)" title="District 10 (Tehran)">District 10</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۰ – Mantaqe ye Dah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000819999999999999♠">8.2</span> km²</td> <td>327,115</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004400290000000000♠">40,029</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran10.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Tehran10.PNG/200px-Tehran10.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Tehran10.PNG/300px-Tehran10.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Tehran10.PNG/400px-Tehran10.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_11_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 11 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 11</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۱ – Mantaqe ye Yāzdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>4</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001126000000000000♠">12.6</span> km²</td> <td>307,940</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004257430000000000♠">25,743</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran11.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tehran11.PNG/200px-Tehran11.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tehran11.PNG/300px-Tehran11.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Tehran11.PNG/400px-Tehran11.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_12_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 12 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 12</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۲ – Mantaqe ye Davāzdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001169000000000000♠">16.9</span> km²</td> <td>241,831</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004151500000000000♠">15,150</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran12.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tehran12.PNG/200px-Tehran12.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tehran12.PNG/300px-Tehran12.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tehran12.PNG/400px-Tehran12.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_13_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 13 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 13</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۳ – Mantaqe ye Sizdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>4</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001128000000000000♠">12.8</span> km²</td> <td>248,952</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004147260000000000♠">14,726</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran13.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tehran13.PNG/200px-Tehran13.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tehran13.PNG/300px-Tehran13.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Tehran13.PNG/400px-Tehran13.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_14_(Tehran)" title="District 14 (Tehran)">District 14</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۴ – Mantaqe ye Ĉahārdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001243000000000000♠">24.3</span> km²</td> <td>515,795</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004213700000000000♠">21,370</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran14.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tehran14.PNG/200px-Tehran14.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tehran14.PNG/300px-Tehran14.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Tehran14.PNG/400px-Tehran14.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_15_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 15 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 15</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۵ – Mantaqe ye Pānzdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001354000000000000♠">35.4</span> km²</td> <td>641,279</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004231860000000000♠">23,186</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran15.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tehran15.PNG/200px-Tehran15.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tehran15.PNG/300px-Tehran15.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Tehran15.PNG/400px-Tehran15.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_16_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 16 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 16</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۶ – Mantaqe ye Ŝānzdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>6</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001181000000000000♠">18.1</span> km²</td> <td>268,406</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004162380000000000♠">16,238</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran16.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tehran16.PNG/200px-Tehran16.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tehran16.PNG/300px-Tehran16.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tehran16.PNG/400px-Tehran16.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_17_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 17 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 17</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۷ – Mantaqe ye Hefdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000819999999999999♠">8.2</span> km²</td> <td>273,231</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004332760000000000♠">33,276</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran17.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Tehran17.PNG/200px-Tehran17.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Tehran17.PNG/300px-Tehran17.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Tehran17.PNG/400px-Tehran17.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_18_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 18 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 18</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۸ – Mantaqe ye Heĵdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001375000000000000♠">37.5</span> km²</td> <td>419,882</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004110290000000000♠">11,029</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran18.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Tehran18.PNG/200px-Tehran18.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Tehran18.PNG/300px-Tehran18.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Tehran18.PNG/400px-Tehran18.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_19_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 19 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 19</a></td> <td>منطقه ۱۹ – Mantaqe ye Nuzdah</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001203000000000000♠">20.3</span> km²</td> <td>261,027</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004128090000000000♠">12,809</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran19.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Tehran19.PNG/200px-Tehran19.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Tehran19.PNG/300px-Tehran19.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Tehran19.PNG/400px-Tehran19.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_20_(Tehran)" class="mw-redirect" title="District 20 (Tehran)">District 20</a></td> <td>منطقه ۲۰ – Mantaqe ye Bist</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ray_County,_Iran" title="Ray County, Iran">Ray County</a></td> <td>5</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001230000000000000♠">23.0</span> km²</td> <td>365,259</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004163650000000000♠">16,365</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran20.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tehran20.PNG/200px-Tehran20.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tehran20.PNG/300px-Tehran20.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Tehran20.PNG/400px-Tehran20.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=District_21_(Tehran)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="District 21 (Tehran) (page does not exist)">District 21</a></td> <td>منطقه ۲۱ – Mantaqe ye Bist-o-Yek</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>3</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001516000000000000♠">51.6</span> km²</td> <td>186,821</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003364600000000000♠">3,646</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran21.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tehran21.PNG/200px-Tehran21.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tehran21.PNG/300px-Tehran21.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tehran21.PNG/400px-Tehran21.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/District_22_(Tehran)" title="District 22 (Tehran)">District 22</a></td> <td>منطقه ۲۲ – Mantaqe ye Bist-o-Do</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></td> <td>4</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001540000000000000♠">54.0</span> km²</td> <td>176,347</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003302500000000000♠">3,025</span>/km²</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran22.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tehran22.PNG/200px-Tehran22.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tehran22.PNG/300px-Tehran22.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Tehran22.PNG/400px-Tehran22.PNG 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="570" /></a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Northern Tehran is the wealthiest part of the city,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisting of various districts such as <a href="/wiki/Zafaraniyeh" title="Zafaraniyeh">Zafaraniyeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_Boulevard_(Jordan_Street)_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson Mandela Boulevard (Jordan Street) Tehran">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elahieh" title="Elahieh">Elahiyeh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasdaran_(district)" title="Pasdaran (district)">Pasdaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamranieh" title="Kamranieh">Kamranieh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajudanieh" title="Ajudanieh">Ajodanieh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmanieh" title="Farmanieh">Farmanieh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darrous" title="Darrous">Darrous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niavaran" title="Niavaran">Niavaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaran" title="Jamaran">Jamaran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aghdasieh" title="Aghdasieh">Aghdasieh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahmoodieh" title="Mahmoodieh">Mahmoodieh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velenjak" title="Velenjak">Velenjak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gheytarieh" title="Gheytarieh">Qeytarieh</a>, Ozgol and <a href="/wiki/Ekhtiarieh" title="Ekhtiarieh">Ekhtiarieh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost.com_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-accessmylibrary.com_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-accessmylibrary.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the center of the city houses government ministries and headquarters, commercial centers are located further north. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_Profile,_Level_1,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tehran_Profile%2C_Level_1%2C_2012.jpg/220px-Tehran_Profile%2C_Level_1%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tehran_Profile%2C_Level_1%2C_2012.jpg/330px-Tehran_Profile%2C_Level_1%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Tehran_Profile%2C_Level_1%2C_2012.jpg/440px-Tehran_Profile%2C_Level_1%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Urban sustainability analysis of the metropolitan area of Tehran, using the 'Circles of Sustainability' method of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">UN Global Compact</a> Cities Programme</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Tehran has a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid climate</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> (<i>BSh</i> (hot semi-arid) in the region of the <a href="/wiki/Mehrabad_International_Airport" title="Mehrabad International Airport">Mehrabad International Airport</a>, and <i>BSk</i> (cold semi-arid) in higher areas), with a borderline <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate#Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<i>Csa</i>) in the northern area of the city, with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a> mountains to its north and the country's central desert to the south. </p><p>As the city has a large area, with significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north than in the flat southern part of Tehran. For instance, the 17.3 km (10.7 mi) <a href="/wiki/Valiasr_Street" title="Valiasr Street">Valiasr Street</a> runs from Tehran's railway station at 1,117 m (3,665 ft) elevation above sea level in the south of the city to <a href="/wiki/Tajrish_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajrish Square">Tajrish Square</a> at 1712.6 m (5612.3 ft) elevation above sea level in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the elevation can even rise up to 2,000 m (6,600 ft) at the end of <a href="/wiki/Velenjak" title="Velenjak">Velenjak</a> in northern Tehran. The sparse texture, the existence of old gardens, orchards, green spaces along the highways and the lack of industrial activities in the north of the city have helped the air in the northern areas to be 2 to 3 degrees Celsius cooler than the southern areas of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main direction of the prevailing wind in Tehran is northwest to southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-hamshahrionline_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hamshahrionline-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other air currents that blow in the area of Tehran are: </p> <ol><li>Tochal breeze: With the rapid cooling of the Alborz mountain range at night, a local high-pressure center is formed on Mount Tochal, and this cold current flows down the mountain due to its weight and high pressure; Thus, a gentle breeze blows into the city from the north at night.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Southern and southeastern regional winds: these winds blow from the desert plains in the hot months of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Western winds: These winds are among the planetary winds that affect the city of Tehran more or less throughout the year and can be called the prevailing wind.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Air currents have a great effect on Tehran's weather. The prevailing wind blowing from the west causes the west of the city to always be exposed to fresh air; Although this wind brings smoke and pollution from the western industrial areas, its strong wind can take the polluted air out of the city of Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In most years, winter provides half of Tehran's total annual rainfall. March is the rainiest month of the year and about one-fifth of the annual rainfall occurs in it. Summer is also the least rainy season and September is the driest month of the year in Tehran. The average annual rainfall of the city is sometimes very different in the north and south regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are between 205 and 213 days of clear to partly cloudy weather in Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-atlas.tehran.ir_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlas.tehran.ir-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most intense rains in Tehran happened on April 21, 1962 and this rain lasted for 10 hours. Meteorology also announced that the amount of rainfall on that one day in Tehran was equivalent to six years.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Summer is hot and dry with little rain, but <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> is generally low, making the heat tolerable. Average high temperatures are between 31 °C (88 °F) and 38 °C (100 °F) during <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer months</a>, and it can sometimes rise up to 40 °C (104 °F) during <a href="/wiki/Heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat waves">heat waves</a>. Average low temperatures in summer are between 18 °C (64 °F) and 25 °C (77 °F), and it can occasionally drop to below 14 °C (57 °F)  in the mountainous north of the city at night. </p><p>Winter is cold and occasionally snowy, with an average of 12.3 snow days annually in central Tehran and more than 23.7 snow days annually in northern Tehran. During the <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter months</a>, average high temperatures are between 3 °C (37 °F) and 11 °C (52 °F) and average low temperatures are between −5 °C (23 °F) and 1 °C (34 °F), and it can occasionally drop to below −10 °C (14 °F)  during <a href="/wiki/Cold_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold waves">cold waves</a>. </p><p>Most of the annual <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> occurs from late autumn to mid-spring. March is the wettest month with an average precipitation of 39.6 millimetres (1.56 in). The hottest month is July, with a mean minimum temperature of 24 °C (75 °F) and a mean maximum temperature of 36.7 °C (98.1 °F), and the coldest is January, with a mean minimum temperature of −0.4 °C (31.3 °F) and a mean maximum temperature of 7.9 °C (46.2 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-IranTour_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IranTour-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest recorded temperature was 43 °C (109 °F) on 3 July 1958 and the lowest recorded temperature was −15 °C (5 °F) on 8 January 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-records_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tehran Mehrabad, altitude: 1191 m (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1951-present)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #F50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.2<br />(108.0) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td> <td style="background: #F20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(108.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.4<br />(88.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.4<br />(56.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.0<br />(5.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(1.25) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9<br />(1.30) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(1.67) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(1.37) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(0.55) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(0.09) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(0.09) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(0.04) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(0.54) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(1.22) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(1.25) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">239.1<br />(9.43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #000098; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(9.4) </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(0.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.7<br />(17.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">284.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">339.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">344.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">344.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F213; color:#000000;" class="notheme">305.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">254.0 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.0 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,009 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NOAA NCEI</a><sup id="cite_ref-ncei_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncei-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (snowfall 1981-2010)<sup id="cite_ref-snow81_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snow81-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Iran Meteorological Organization (records<sup id="cite_ref-records_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), (snow/sleet days 1951-2005<sup id="cite_ref-snowdays_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snowdays-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Weather Atlas (UV)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tehran-Shomal (north of Tehran), altitude: 1549.1 m (1988–2010, temperature normals, precipitation, and snow days 1988-2020, records 1988-present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.4<br />(104.7) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.0<br />(107.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2<br />(88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.0<br />(107.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0<br />(30.2) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.0<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0<br />(17.6) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.3<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.0<br />(8.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.6<br />(2.23) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.2<br />(2.53) </td> <td style="background: #96FF96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.9<br />(2.16) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(1.01) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(0.96) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.8<br />(2.12) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">427.3<br />(16.83) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">89.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.8 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.4 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">215.0 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">274.6 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">322.8 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">331.8 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">327.5 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245.5 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">171.5 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.8 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,784.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <sup id="cite_ref-chaharmahalmet.ir_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chaharmahalmet.ir-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <sup id="cite_ref-data.irimo.ir_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-data.irimo.ir-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Tehran Geophysic, altitude: 1418.6 m (1991–2010, temperature normals and precipitation 1991-2020, records 1991-2022) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4<br />(83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.9<br />(105.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(61.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.0<br />(21.2) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.9<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11.7<br />(10.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.4<br />(1.87) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.7<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9<br />(2.04) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(0.68) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(0.14) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(0.13) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(0.08) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(0.68) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(1.42) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.5<br />(1.56) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">299.9<br />(11.81) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">172.3 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.1 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.8 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">279.1 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA29; color:#000000;" class="notheme">342.4 </td> <td style="background: #F8F824; color:#000000;" class="notheme">345.2 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">346.7 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">308.4 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.1 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.1 </td> <td style="background: #C2C216; color:#000000;" class="notheme">146.8 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,947.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records<sup id="cite_ref-records_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (temperatures<sup id="cite_ref-temperatures_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temperatures-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), (precipitation<sup id="cite_ref-precipitation2_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precipitation2-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), (humidity<sup id="cite_ref-humidity_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humidity-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), (days with precipitation<sup id="cite_ref-precipdays_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precipdays-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-snowdays_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snowdays-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), (sunshine<sup id="cite_ref-sunshine_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunshine-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>In February 2005, heavy snow covered all parts of the city. Snow depth was recorded as 15 cm (6 in) in the southern part of the city and 100 cm (39 in) in the northern part of city. One newspaper reported that it had been the worst weather in 34 years. Ten thousand bulldozers and 13,000 municipal workers were deployed to keep the main roads open.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chn_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chn-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 5 and 6, 2008, a <a href="/wiki/Winter_storm" title="Winter storm">wave of heavy snow and low temperatures</a> covered the city in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing the Council of Ministers to officially declare a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> and close down the capital from January 6 through January 7.<sup id="cite_ref-IRNA_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IRNA-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 3, 2014, Tehran received heavy snowfall, specifically in the northern parts of the city, with a depth of 2 metres (6.6 ft). In one week of successive snowfalls, roads were made impassable in some areas, with the temperature ranging from −8 °C (18 °F)  to  −16 °C (3 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 3, 2014, a severe thunderstorm with powerful <a href="/wiki/Microbursts" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbursts">microbursts</a> created a <a href="/wiki/Haboob" title="Haboob">haboob</a>, engulfing the city in sand and dust and causing five deaths, with more than 57 injured. This event also knocked down numerous trees and power lines. It struck between 5:00 and 6:00 p.m., dropping temperatures from 33 °C (91 °F)  to 19 °C (66 °F)  within an hour. The dramatic temperature drop was accompanied by wind gusts reaching nearly 118 kilometres per hour (73 mph) .<sup id="cite_ref-AccuWeather_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AccuWeather-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Tehran" title="Environmental issues in Tehran">Environmental issues in Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Iran" title="Environmental issues in Iran">Environmental issues in Iran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Iran" title="List of earthquakes in Iran">List of earthquakes in Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg/220px-Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg/330px-Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg/440px-Air_pollution_of_Tehran_-_5_January_2013_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Heavy <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> in Tehran</figcaption></figure> <p>A plan to move the capital has been discussed many times in prior years, due mainly to the environmental issues of the region. Tehran is one of the world's most polluted cities and is also located near two major <a href="/wiki/Fault_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fault lines">fault lines</a>. </p><p>The city suffers from severe air pollution, 80% of it due to cars.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining 20% is due to <a href="/wiki/Industrial_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial pollution">industrial pollution</a>. Other estimates suggest that motorcycles alone account for 30% of air and 50% of <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a> in Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehran is also considered one of the strongest sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the Middle East. Enhanced concentration of carbon dioxide over the city (that are likely originated from the anthropogenic urban sources in the city) is easily detectable from satellite observations throughout the year.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the government announced that "for security and administrative reasons, the plan to move the capital from Tehran has been finalized."<sup id="cite_ref-Relocation_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relocation-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are plans to relocate 163 state firms and several <a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iranian Universities">universities</a> from Tehran to avoid damages from a potential <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Relocation_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relocation-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The officials are engaged in a battle to reduce air pollution. It has, for instance, encouraged taxis and buses to convert from petrol engines to engines that run on <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a>. Furthermore, the government has set up a "Traffic Zone" covering the city centre during peak traffic hours. Entering and driving inside this zone is only allowed with a special permit. </p><p>There have also been plans to raise people's awareness of the hazards of pollution. One method that is being employed is the installation of Pollution Indicator Boards all around the city to monitor the level of <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric particulate matter">particulate matter</a> (PM2.5/PM10), <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">nitrogen dioxide</a> (NO<sub>2</sub>), ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> (SO<sub>2</sub>), and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> (CO). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tehran" title="Economy of Tehran">Economy of Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Iran" title="Industry of Iran">Industry of Iran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Iran" title="Communications in Iran">Communications in Iran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg/220px-Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg/330px-Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg/440px-Tehran_Stock_Exchange_3513534.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Stock_Exchange" title="Tehran Stock Exchange">Tehran Stock Exchange</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tehran is the economic centre of Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 30% of Iran's public-sector workforce and 45% of its large industrial firms are located in the city, and almost half of these workers are employed by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the remainder of workers are factory workers, shopkeepers, laborers, and transport workers. </p><p>Few foreign companies operate in Tehran, due to the government's complex international relations. But prior to the <a href="/wiki/1979_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Revolution">1979 Revolution</a>, many foreign companies were active in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehran's present-day modern industries include the manufacturing of automobiles, electronics and electrical equipment, weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. It is also a leading centre for the sale of carpets and furniture. The oil refining companies of <a href="/wiki/Pars_Oil" title="Pars Oil">Pars Oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepahan_Oil_Company" title="Sepahan Oil Company">Speedy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Behran_Oil_Company" title="Behran Oil Company">Behran</a> are based in Tehran. </p><p>Tehran relies heavily on private cars, buses, motorcycles, and taxis, and is one of the most car-dependent cities in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Stock_Exchange" title="Tehran Stock Exchange">Tehran Stock Exchange</a>, which is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Exchanges" title="World Federation of Exchanges">World Federation of Exchanges</a> (WFE) and a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Euro-Asian_Stock_Exchanges" title="Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges">Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges</a>, has been one of the world's best-performing stock exchanges in recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion_industry">Fashion industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Fashion industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Design, manufacturing, distribution, marketing, retail, advertising and other sectors of the <a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran" title="Fashion in Iran">fashion industry in Tehran</a> have been able to grow significantly according to the needs of the country. In particular, a large number of male and female models are working in Tehran's fashion advertising and promotion sections. Despite the lack of adequate laws to support models, payments to female models have been considered high. Also, modeling of children is usually prohibited in Tehran. Clothing manufacturers are closely related to other fashion sectors in Tehran. For example, the manufacturers of women's boots and bodysuits have strengthened their exports and branding in other countries by using this connection.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping">Shopping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Shopping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Iran" title="List of shopping malls in Iran">List of shopping malls in Iran</a></div> <p>Tehran has a wide range of shopping centers, and is home to over 60 modern shopping malls.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfn_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfn-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has a number of <a href="/wiki/Commercial_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial district">commercial districts</a>, including those located at <a href="/wiki/Valiasr_Street" title="Valiasr Street">Valiasr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davoodiyeh" title="Davoodiyeh">Davudie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zafaraniyeh" title="Zafaraniyeh">Zaferanie</a>. The largest old <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">bazaars</a> of Tehran are the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Tehran" title="Grand Bazaar, Tehran">Grand Bazaar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tajrish" title="Tajrish">Bazaar of Tajrish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iran_Mall" title="Iran Mall">Iran Mall</a> is the largest mall in the world in area.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the international branded stores and upper-class shops are in the northern and western parts of the city. Tehran's retail business is growing with several newly built malls and shopping centres.<sup id="cite_ref-gulfn_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulfn-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehran is a center for the production of women's clothing in Iran. Shoe (Mostly women's boots) manufacturing companies in Tehran can be reached in the malls.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Tehran" title="Tourism in Tehran">Tourism in Tehran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg/220px-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg/330px-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg/440px-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AE_%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10123" data-file-height="6596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan Palace</a>, One of the oldest historic monuments in the city. <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Tehran, as one of the main tourist destinations in Iran, has a wealth of cultural attractions. It is home to royal complexes of <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sa%27dabad_Complex" title="Sa'dabad Complex">Saadabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niavaran_Complex" title="Niavaran Complex">Niavaran</a>, which were built under the reign of the country's last two monarchies. </p><p>There are several historic, artistic, and scientific museums in Tehran, including the </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_National_Museum_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik National Museum of Iran">Malek Museum</a></li> <li>Cinema Museum at <a href="/wiki/Ferdows_Garden" title="Ferdows Garden">Ferdows Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abgineh_Museum_of_Tehran" title="Abgineh Museum of Tehran">Abgineh Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Qasr_Prison" title="Museum of the Qasr Prison">Museum of the Qasr Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Carpet_Museum_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carpet Museum of Iran">Carpet Museum</a></li> <li>Reverse Glass Painting Museum (vitray art)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_Office_Machines_Museum" title="Safir Office Machines Museum">Safir Office Machines Museum</a></li></ul> <p>Also the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art">Museum of Contemporary Art</a>, which hosts works of famous artists such as <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Gogh">Van Gogh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Warhol" title="Andy Warhol">Andy Warhol</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Crown Jewels">Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels</a>, one of the largest jewel collections in the world, are also on display at Tehran's National Jewelry Museum. </p><p>A number of cultural and trade exhibitions take place in Tehran, which are mainly operated by the country's <a href="/wiki/Iran_International_Exhibitions_Company" title="Iran International Exhibitions Company">International Exhibitions Company</a>. Tehran's annual <a href="/wiki/Tehran_International_Book_Fair" title="Tehran International Book Fair">International Book Fair</a> is known to the international publishing world as one of the most important publishing events in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways_and_streets">Highways and streets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Highways and streets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Expressways_in_Tehran" title="List of Expressways in Tehran">List of Expressways in Tehran</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg/220px-Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg/330px-Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg/440px-Fajr_Bridge_Tehran2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Fajr Bridge, <a href="/wiki/Hemmat_Expressway" title="Hemmat Expressway">Hemmat Expressway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Islamic Revolution</a> in 1979, the political system changed from <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a>. Then the construction of political power in the country needed to change so that new spectrums of political power decision-making centers emerged in Iran. Motives, desires and actions of these new political power decision-making centers in Iran, made them rename streets and public places throughout the country, especially Tehran. For example Shahyad square changed to <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Square" title="Azadi Square">Azadi square</a> and Pahlavi street changed to <a href="/wiki/Valiasr_Street" title="Valiasr Street">Valiasr street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The metropolis of Tehran is equipped with a large network of highways and interchanges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cars">Cars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Automotive industry in Iran</a></div> <p>According to the head of Tehran Municipality's Environment and Sustainable Development Office, Tehran was designed to have a capacity of about 300,000 cars, but more than five million cars are on the roads.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The automotive industry has recently developed, but international sanctions influence the production processes periodically.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to local media, Tehran has more than 200,000 taxis plying the roads daily,<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with several types of taxi available in the city. Airport taxis have a higher cost per kilometer as opposed to regular green and yellow taxis in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Tehran" title="Trolleybuses in Tehran">Trolleybuses in Tehran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Tehran Bus Rapid Transit">Tehran Bus Rapid Transit</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BRT_in_Tehran,_Iran_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BRT_in_Tehran%2C_Iran_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-BRT_in_Tehran%2C_Iran_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BRT_in_Tehran%2C_Iran_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-BRT_in_Tehran%2C_Iran_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/BRT_in_Tehran%2C_Iran_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-BRT_in_Tehran%2C_Iran_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3151" data-file-height="2093" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Tehran Bus Rapid Transit">Tehran's bus rapid transit</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Buses have served the city since the 1920s. Tehran's transport system includes conventional buses, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> (BRT). The city's four major bus stations include the South Terminal, the East Terminal, the West Terminal, and the northcentral Beyhaghi Terminal. </p><p>The trolleybus system was opened in 1992, using a fleet of 65 <a href="/wiki/Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">articulated</a> trolleybuses built by <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Works" title="Škoda Works">Škoda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murray_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first trolleybus system in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-Murray_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, trolleybuses were operating on five routes, all starting at <a href="/wiki/Imam_Hossein_Square" title="Imam Hossein Square">Imam Hossein Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tm265_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm265-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two routes running northeastwards operated almost entirely in a segregated <a href="/wiki/Bus_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus Rapid Transit">busway</a> located in the middle of the wide <a href="/wiki/Carriageway" title="Carriageway">carriageway</a> along <a href="/wiki/Damavand_Street" title="Damavand Street">Damavand Street</a>, stopping only at purpose-built stops located about every 500 metres along the routes, effectively making these routes trolleybus-BRT (but they were not called such). The other three trolleybus routes ran south and operated in mixed traffic. Both route sections were served by <a href="/wiki/Limited-stop" title="Limited-stop">limited-stop</a> services and local (making all stops) services.<sup id="cite_ref-tm265_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm265-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 3.2-kilometer extension from Shoosh Square to Rah Ahan Square was opened in March 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-tm298_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm298-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Visitors in 2014 found that the trolleybus system had closed, apparently sometime in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-haseldine_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haseldine-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it reopened in March 2016, operating on a single 1.8-km route between Meydan-e-Khorasan (Khorasan Square) and Bozorgrah-e-Be'sat.<sup id="cite_ref-tm328_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm328-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-trolleymotion-2016july_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trolleymotion-2016july-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 30 vehicles had been refurbished and returned to service.<sup id="cite_ref-tm328_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tm328-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-trolleymotion-2016july_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trolleymotion-2016july-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extensions were planned.<sup id="cite_ref-trolleymotion-2016july_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trolleymotion-2016july-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Tehran Bus Rapid Transit">Tehran's bus rapid transit</a> (BRT) was officially inaugurated in 2008. It has 10 lines with some 215 stations in different areas of the city. As of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the BRT system had a network of 100 kilometres (62 miles), transporting 1.8 million passengers on a daily basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway_and_subway">Railway and subway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Railway and subway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Railways" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Railways">Iranian Railways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg/220px-02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg/330px-02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg/440px-02_Tehran_Metro_Line_3_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a> is the largest metro system in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tehran has a <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Railway_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Railway Station">central railway station</a> that connects services round the clock to various cities in the country, along with a Tehran–Europe train line also running. </p><p>The feasibility study and conceptual planning of the construction of Tehran's subway system were started in the 1970s. The first two of the eight projected metro lines were opened in 2001. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of Tehran Metro Lines </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Line </th> <th>Opening<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Length </th> <th>Stations<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Type </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#EE3C3C"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_1" title="Tehran Metro Line 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">1</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2001 </td> <td>70 km (43 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Line1_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line1-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">32<sup id="cite_ref-Line1_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line1-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stations_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stations-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#295EA4"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_2" title="Tehran Metro Line 2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">2</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2000 </td> <td>26 km (16 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Line2_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line2-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">22<sup id="cite_ref-stations_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stations-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Line2_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line2-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#36BEF4"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_3" title="Tehran Metro Line 3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">3</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2012 </td> <td>37 km (23 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Line3_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line3-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">24<sup id="cite_ref-stations_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stations-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Line3_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line3-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#FFD62C"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_4" title="Tehran Metro Line 4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">4</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2008 </td> <td>22 km (14 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Line4_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line4-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">22<sup id="cite_ref-Line4_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line4-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#1C906C"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_5" title="Tehran Metro Line 5"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">5</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">1999 </td> <td>43 km (27 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-Line5_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line5-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">11<sup id="cite_ref-Line5_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Line5-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L5-stations_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L5-stations-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:#FF5599"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Metro Line 6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">6</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2019 </td> <td>9 km (5.6 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; color:#FFFFFF; background-color:purple"><b><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro_Line_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Metro Line 7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">7</span></a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:center">2017 </td> <td>13.5 km (8.4 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center">8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Metro Subtotal:</b> </td> <td><b>177.5 km (110 mi)</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><b>111</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Total:</b> </td> <td><b>220.5 km (137 mi)</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><b>122</b> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Airlines_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Airlines of Iran">Airlines of Iran</a></div> <p>Tehran is served by the international airports of <a href="/wiki/Mehrabad_International_Airport" title="Mehrabad International Airport">Mehrabad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imam_Khomeini_International_Airport" title="Imam Khomeini International Airport">Imam Khomeini</a>. Mehrabad Airport, an old airport in western Tehran that doubles as a military base, is mainly used for domestic and charter flights. Imam Khomeini Airport, located 50 kilometres (31 miles) south of the city, handles the main international flights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_green_spaces">Parks and green spaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Parks and green spaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tehran_metropolis_parks" title="List of Tehran metropolis parks">List of Tehran metropolis parks</a></div> <p>There are over 2,100 parks within the metropolis of Tehran,<sup id="cite_ref-irnamokh_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irnamokh-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with one of the oldest being <a href="/wiki/Jamshidieh_Park" title="Jamshidieh Park">Jamshidie Park</a>, which was first established as a private garden for Qajar prince Jamshid Davallu, and was then dedicated to the last empress of Iran, <a href="/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi" title="Farah Pahlavi">Farah Pahlavi</a>. The total green space within Tehran stretches over 12,600 hectares, covering over 20 percent of the city's area. The Parks and Green Spaces Organization of Tehran was established in 1960, and is responsible for the protection of the urban nature present in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehran's Birds Garden is the largest bird park in Iran. There is also <a href="/wiki/Eram_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Eram Zoo">a zoo</a> located on the Tehran–Karaj Expressway, housing over 290 species within an area of about five hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Ab-o-Atash_Park" title="Ab-o-Atash Park">Ab-o-Atash Park</a> ("Water and Fire park") was founded. Its main features are an open <a href="/wiki/Water_fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Water fountain">water fountain</a> area for cooling in the hot climate, <a href="/wiki/Fire_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire tower">fire towers</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Iran" title="Energy in Iran">Energy in Iran</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Water"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:#F33; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 93.906250581749px 100px 0; border-right-color:#3F0"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:#3F0"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Fresh water resources of Tehran Province in 2017 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3F0; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">Groundwater</a> (37%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F33; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage treatment</a> (63%)</div> </div> </div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Iran" title="Water supply and sanitation in Iran">Water supply and sanitation in Iran</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Greater Tehran</a> with its population of more than 13 million is supplied by surface water from the <a href="/wiki/Lar_Dam" title="Lar Dam">Lar dam</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lar_River" title="Lar River">Lar River</a> in the Northeast of the city, the <a href="/wiki/Latyan_Dam" title="Latyan Dam">Latyan dam</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Jajrood_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Jajrood River">Jajrood River</a> in the North, the <a href="/wiki/Karaj_River" title="Karaj River">Karaj River</a> in the Northwest, as well as by groundwater in the vicinity of the city. </p><p>The city experiences <a href="/wiki/Tehran_water_shortage_inequality" title="Tehran water shortage inequality">stark water supply inequalities</a>: impoverished districts struggle with inadequate water provision and hazardous water quality, while affluent areas are largely exempt from these hardships.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solar_energy">Solar energy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Solar energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solar panels have been installed in Tehran's <a href="/wiki/Pardisan_Park" title="Pardisan Park">Pardisan Park</a> for green electricity production, said <a href="/wiki/Masoumeh_Ebtekar" title="Masoumeh Ebtekar">Masoumeh Ebtekar</a>, head of the Department of Environment. </p><p>According to the national energy roadmap, the government plans to promote green technology to increase the nominal capacity of power plants from 74 gigawatts to over 120 gigawatts by the end of 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Iran" title="Education in Iran">Education in Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Tehran" title="List of colleges and universities in Tehran">List of colleges and universities in Tehran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Science_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Science in Iran">Science in Iran</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_%281%29.jpg/240px-University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_%281%29.jpg/360px-University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_%281%29.jpg/480px-University_of_Tehran_at_night_2021_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3702" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a> is the oldest modern university of Iran.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tehran is the largest and most important educational center in Iran. There are a total of nearly 50 major colleges and universities in Greater Tehran. </p><p>Since the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Dar_ul-Funun_(Persia)" title="Dar ul-Funun (Persia)">Dar ol Fonun</a> by the order of <a href="/wiki/Amir_Kabir" title="Amir Kabir">Amir Kabir</a> in the mid-19th century, Tehran has amassed a large number of institutions of higher education. Some of these institutions have played crucial roles in the unfolding of Iranian political events. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_M._Jordan" title="Samuel M. Jordan">Samuel M. Jordan</a>, whom Jordan Avenue in Tehran was named after, was one of the founding pioneers of the <a href="/wiki/Alborz_High_School" title="Alborz High School">American College of Tehran</a>, which was one of the first modern high schools in the Middle East. </p><p>Among major educational institutions located in Tehran, <a href="/wiki/Amirkabir_University_of_Technology" title="Amirkabir University of Technology">Amirkabir University of Technology</a> (Tehran Polytechnic), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tehran" title="University of Tehran">University of Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharif_University_of_Technology" title="Sharif University of Technology">Sharif University of Technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tehran_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Tehran University of Medical Sciences">Tehran University of Medical Sciences</a> are the most prestigious. Other major universities located in Tehran include <a href="/wiki/Tehran_University_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran University of Art">Tehran University of Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allameh_Tabatabaei_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allameh Tabatabaei University">Allameh Tabatabaei University</a>, <a href="/wiki/K._N._Toosi_University_of_Technology" title="K. N. Toosi University of Technology">K. N. Toosi University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Beheshti_University" title="Shahid Beheshti University">Shahid Beheshti University</a> (Melli University), <a href="/wiki/Kharazmi_University" title="Kharazmi University">Kharazmi University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Iran University of Science and Technology">Iran University of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Iran University of Medical Sciences">Iran University of Medical Sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Azad_University" title="Islamic Azad University">Islamic Azad University</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Earthquake_Engineering_and_Seismology" title="International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology">International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology</a>, Iran's Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, <a href="/wiki/Shahed_University" title="Shahed University">Shahed University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tarbiat_Modarres_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarbiat Modarres University">Tarbiat Modarres University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sharif_University_of_Technology" title="Sharif University of Technology">Sharif University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amirkabir_University_of_Technology" title="Amirkabir University of Technology">Amirkabir University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Iran University of Science and Technology">Iran University of Science and Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/K._N._Toosi_University_of_Technology" title="K. N. Toosi University of Technology">K. N. Toosi University of Technology</a> also located in Tehran are nationally well known for taking in the top undergraduate Engineering and Science students; and internationally recognized for training competent under graduate students. It has probably the highest percentage of graduates who seek higher education abroad. </p><p>Tehran is also home to Iran's largest military academy, and several religious schools and seminaries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tehran" title="Culture of Tehran">Culture of Tehran</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tehran" title="Culture of Tehran">culture of Tehran</a> concerns the arts, music, museums, festivals, many <a href="/wiki/Persian_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Culture">Persian entertainments</a> and sports activities in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Festivals">Iranian festivals</a> are held in Tehran along with regional and western festivals. <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaharshanbe_Suri" title="Chaharshanbe Suri">Chaharshanbe Suri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sizdah_Be-dar" title="Sizdah Be-dar">Sizdah Be-dar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yald%C4%81_Night" title="Yaldā Night">Yaldā Night</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a> have been popular festivals in recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Culture_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Culture-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Tehran" title="Architecture of Tehran">Architecture of Tehran</a></div> <p>The oldest surviving architectural monuments of Tehran are from the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi</a> eras. In Greater Tehran, monuments dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk</a> era remain as well; notably the <a href="/wiki/Tughrul_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughrul Tower">Toqrol Tower</a> in Ray. <a href="/wiki/Rashkan_Castle" title="Rashkan Castle">Rashkan Castle</a>, dating back to the ancient <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a>, of which some artifacts are housed at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Bahram_fire_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahram fire temple">Bahram fire temple</a>, which remains since the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sassanian Empire</a>. </p><p>Tehran only had a small population until the late 18th century but began to take a more considerable role in Iranian society after it was chosen as the capital city. Despite the regular occurrence of earthquakes during the Qajar period and after, some historic buildings remain from that era.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tehran is Iran's <a href="/wiki/Primate_city" title="Primate city">primate city</a>, and is considered to have the most modernized infrastructure in the country. However, the <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> of old neighbourhoods and the demolition of buildings of cultural significance have caused concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hasanabad Square"><img alt="Hasanabad Square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg/272px-02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg/408px-02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg/544px-02_hasan_abad_Sq..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2675" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Tehran" title="Hasanabad, Tehran">Hasanabad Square</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of the building of the City Theater of Tehran"><img alt="A view of the building of the City Theater of Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg/320px-Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg/480px-Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg/640px-Tehran_City_Theater_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of the building of the <a href="/wiki/City_Theater_of_Tehran" title="City Theater of Tehran">City Theater of Tehran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Police House, the National Garden"><img alt="Police House, the National Garden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg/240px-Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg/360px-Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg/480px-Iranian_Foreign_Affaire_Ministry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Police House,<br />the <a href="/wiki/National_Garden,_Tehran" title="National Garden, Tehran">National Garden</a></div> </li> </ul><p>Previously a low-rise city due to seismic activity in the region, modern high-rise developments in Tehran have been built in recent decades in order to service its growing population. There have been no major quakes in Tehran since 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tehran_International_Tower" title="Tehran International Tower">Tehran International Tower</a> is the tallest skyscraper in Iran. It is 54-stories tall and located in the northern district of <a href="/wiki/Yusef_Abad" title="Yusef Abad">Yusef Abad</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Tower" title="Azadi Tower">Azadi Tower</a>, a memorial built under the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a>, has long been the most famous symbol of Tehran. Originally constructed in commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/2,500-year_celebration_of_the_Persian_Empire" title="2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire">2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran</a>, it combines elements of the architecture of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_architecture" title="Achaemenid architecture">Achaemenid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid architecture">Sassanid</a> eras with post-classical <a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian architecture</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Milad_Tower" title="Milad Tower">Milad Tower</a>, which is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_towers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of towers">sixth tallest tower</a><sup id="cite_ref-NBN_Nasl_Bartar_Novin_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBN_Nasl_Bartar_Novin-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures#Tallest_structures,_freestanding_structures,_and_buildings" title="List of tallest buildings and structures">24th-tallest freestanding structure</a> in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the city's other famous landmark tower. <a href="/wiki/Leila_Araghian" title="Leila Araghian">Leila Araghian</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tabiat_Bridge" title="Tabiat Bridge">Tabiat Bridge</a>, the largest pedestrian overpass in Tehran, was completed in 2014 and is also considered a landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-archdaily_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdaily-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion_and_clothing">Fashion and clothing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Fashion and clothing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_Iran" title="Fashion in Iran">Fashion in Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Iran" title="Women's rights in Iran">Women's rights in Iran</a></div> <p>The city has produced many notable Iranian design houses and clothing companies. Fashion events are also held in some areas of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many famous Iranian models were born in Tehran, including <a href="/wiki/Nazanin_Afshin-Jam" title="Nazanin Afshin-Jam">Nazanin Afshin-Jam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Alborzian" title="Cameron Alborzian">Cameron Alborzian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahar_Biniaz" title="Sahar Biniaz">Sahar Biniaz</a>, Elnaaz Norouzi, <a href="/wiki/Shermine_Shahrivar" title="Shermine Shahrivar">Shermine Shahrivar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sadaf_Taherian" title="Sadaf Taherian">Sadaf Taherian</a>. </p><p>Women of Tehran widely used over-the-knee and leather boots after 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RudakiHall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RudakiHall.jpg/220px-RudakiHall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RudakiHall.jpg/330px-RudakiHall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RudakiHall.jpg/440px-RudakiHall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vahdat_Hall" title="Vahdat Hall">Vahdat Hall</a>, Tehran</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajars</a>, Tehran was home to the royal theatre of <a href="/wiki/Tekyeh_Dowlat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekyeh Dowlat">Tekye Dowlat</a>, located to the southeast of the <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan Palace</a>, in which traditional and religious performances were observed. It was eventually demolished and replaced with a bank building in 1947, following the reforms during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah" title="Reza Shah">Reza Shah</a>. </p><p>Before the 1979 Revolution, the Iranian national stage had become the most famous performing scene for known international artists and troupes in the Middle East,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Vahdat Hall, formerly known as Rudaki Hall, constructed to function as the national stage for opera and ballet. The hall was inaugurated in October 1967 and named after prominent Persian poet <a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a>. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tehran Symphony Orchestra">Tehran Symphony Orchestra</a>, the Tehran Opera Orchestra, and the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_National_Ballet_Company" title="Iranian National Ballet Company">Iranian National Ballet Company</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/City_Theater_of_Tehran" title="City Theater of Tehran">City Theater of Tehran</a>, one of Iran's biggest theatre complexes, which contains several performance halls, was opened in 1972. It was built at the initiative and presidency of empress <a href="/wiki/Farah_Pahlavi" title="Farah Pahlavi">Farah Pahlavi</a>, and was designed by architect Ali Sardar Afkhami, constructed within five years. </p><p>One of the gathering centers of <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabarets</a> in old Tehran was <a href="/wiki/Laleh-Zar_Street" title="Laleh-Zar Street">Laleh-Zar Street</a>. Famous Persian cabarets were active in the city until 1979. They also introduced many domestic artists. In common language, cabaret was sometimes called "home of dance" or "dancing place".<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual events of <a href="/wiki/Fajr_International_Theater_Festival" title="Fajr International Theater Festival">Fajr Theater Festival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tehran_International_Puppet_Theatre_Festival" title="Tehran International Puppet Theatre Festival">Tehran Puppet Theater Festival</a> take place in Tehran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first movie theater in Tehran was established by <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ebrahim_Khan_Sahhafbashi" title="Mirza Ebrahim Khan Sahhafbashi">Mirza Ebrahim Khan</a> in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the early 1930s, there were 15 theaters in Tehran Province and 11 in other provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In present-day Tehran, most of the movie theatres are located downtown. The complexes of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kourosh_Complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kourosh Complex (page does not exist)">Kourosh Cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mellat_Park" title="Mellat Park">Mellat Gallery and Cineplex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Cinema_Complex" title="Azadi Cinema Complex">Azadi Cinema</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Farhang" title="Cinema Farhang">Cinema Farhang</a> are among the most popular cinema complexes in Tehran. </p><p>Several film festivals are held in Tehran, including <a href="/wiki/Fajr_International_Film_Festival" title="Fajr International Film Festival">Fajr Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Film_Festival_for_Children_and_Youth" title="International Film Festival for Children and Youth">Children and Youth Film Festival</a>, House of Cinema Festival, Mobile Film and Photo Festival, Nahal Festival, <a href="/wiki/Roshd_International_Film_Festival" title="Roshd International Film Festival">Roshd Film Festival</a>, Tehran Animation Festival, Tehran Short Film Festival, and Urban Film Festival. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Music and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a variety of concert halls in Tehran. An organization like the Roudaki Culture and Art Foundation has five different venues where more than 500 concerts take place this year. <a href="/wiki/Vahdat_Hall" title="Vahdat Hall">Vahdat Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roudaki_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Roudaki Hall">Roudaki Hall</a>, Ferdowsi Hall, Hafez Hall and Azadi Theater are the top five venues in Tehran, where classical, pop, traditional, rock or solo concerts take place.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erotic_dance" title="Erotic dance">Erotic dancers</a> were active and trained in Tehran until the 1979 revolution. But after this date, due to the policies of the new government, these activities were completely banned.<sup id="cite_ref-Tehran_Culture_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tehran_Culture-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Iran" title="Sport in Iran">Sport in Iran</a></div> <p>Football and volleyball are the city's most popular sports, while wrestling, basketball, and futsal are also major parts of the city's sporting culture. Ice hockey and rugby are also popular in Tehran. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_ski_areas_and_resorts_in_Iran" title="List of ski areas and resorts in Iran">12 ski resorts</a> operate in Iran, the most famous being <a href="/wiki/Tochal_Complex" title="Tochal Complex">Tochal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dizin" title="Dizin">Dizin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shemshak_(ski_resort)" title="Shemshak (ski resort)">Shemshak</a>, all within one to three hours from the city of Tehran. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tochal" title="Tochal">Tochal</a>'s resort is the world's fifth-highest ski resort at over 3,730 meters (12,240 feet) above sea level at its highest point. It is also the world's nearest ski resort to a capital city. The resort was opened in 1976, shortly before the 1979 Revolution. It is equipped with an 8-kilometre-long (5 mi) gondola lift that covers a huge vertical distance.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two parallel chair ski lifts in Tochal that reach 3,900 meters (12,800 feet) high near Tochal's peak (at 4,000 m/13,000 ft), rising higher than the gondola's seventh station, which is higher than any of the European ski resorts. From the Tochal peak, there are views of the <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a> range, including the 5,610-metre-high (18,406 ft) <a href="/wiki/Mount_Damavand" title="Mount Damavand">Mount Damavand</a>, a dormant volcano. </p><p> Tehran is the site of the <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Stadium" title="Azadi Stadium">national stadium of Azadi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of stadiums by capacity">biggest stadium by capacity</a> in West Asia, where many of the top matches of Iran's Premier League are held. The stadium is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Sport_Complex" title="Azadi Sport Complex">Azadi Sport Complex</a>, which was originally built to host the <a href="/wiki/1974_Asian_Games" title="1974 Asian Games">7th Asian Games</a> in September 1974. This was the first time the Asian Games were hosted in West Asia. Tehran played host to 3,010 athletes from 25 countries/NOCs, which was at the time the highest number of participants since the inception of the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That followed hosting the <a href="/wiki/1976_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="1976 AFC Asian Cup">6th AFC Asian Cup</a> in June 1976, and then the first <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Games" title="West Asian Games">West Asian Games</a> in November 1997. The success of the games led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Games" title="West Asian Games">West Asian Games Federation</a> (WAGF), and the intention of hosting the games every two years.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city had also hosted the final of the <a href="/wiki/1968_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="1968 AFC Asian Cup">1968 AFC Asian Cup</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_World_League" title="FIVB Volleyball World League">FIVB Volleyball World League</a> courses have also been hosted in Tehran.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tehran derby in Azadi Stadium. The match is considered one of the world's most intense derbies."><img alt="Tehran derby in Azadi Stadium. The match is considered one of the world's most intense derbies." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg/270px-Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg/406px-Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg/541px-Esteghlal_Edges_Past_Persepolis_3-2_to_Claim_Tehran_Derby-33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tehran_derby" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran derby">Tehran derby</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azadi_Stadium" title="Azadi Stadium">Azadi Stadium</a>. The match is considered one of the world's most intense derbies.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran's ice hockey league in Tehran"><img alt="Iran's ice hockey league in Tehran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg/270px-Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg/405px-Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg/540px-Iran_men%27s_ice_hockey_league_in_Tehran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Iran" title="Ice hockey in Iran">Iran's ice hockey league</a> in Tehran</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fitness_training_women_M2_(babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018)_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horse riding in the west of the city"><img alt="Horse riding in the west of the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Fitness_training_women_M2_%28babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018%29_5.jpg/144px-Fitness_training_women_M2_%28babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018%29_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Fitness_training_women_M2_%28babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018%29_5.jpg/216px-Fitness_training_women_M2_%28babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018%29_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Fitness_training_women_M2_%28babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018%29_5.jpg/288px-Fitness_training_women_M2_%28babaea_maryam_Tehran_2018%29_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Horse_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse riding">Horse riding</a> in the west of the city</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%DA%98%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the health clubs in the city"><img alt="One of the health clubs in the city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D9%85%DA%98%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%285%29.jpg/247px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D9%85%DA%98%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%285%29.jpg/370px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D9%85%DA%98%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%285%29.jpg/493px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1578" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the health clubs in the city</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dizin,_Iran.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dizin, Iran's largest ski resort, is located near Tehran."><img alt="Dizin, Iran's largest ski resort, is located near Tehran." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Dizin%2C_Iran.jpeg/270px-Dizin%2C_Iran.jpeg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Dizin%2C_Iran.jpeg/405px-Dizin%2C_Iran.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Dizin%2C_Iran.jpeg/540px-Dizin%2C_Iran.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="526" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dizin" title="Dizin">Dizin</a>, Iran's largest ski resort, is located near Tehran.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian cuisine</a></div> <p>There are many restaurants and cafes in Tehran, both modern and classic, serving both Iranian and cosmopolitan cuisine. Pizzerias, <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_bar" title="Sandwich bar">sandwich bars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kebab_shop" title="Kebab shop">kebab shops</a> make up the majority of food shops in Tehran.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graffiti">Graffiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Graffiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Graffiti_in_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Graffiti in Tehran">Graffiti in Tehran</a></div> <p>Many styles of graffiti are seen in Tehran. Some are political and revolutionary slogans painted by governmental organizations,<sup id="cite_ref-graff_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graff-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some are works of art by ordinary citizens, representing their views on both social and political issues. However, unsanctioned street art is forbidden in Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-graff_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-graff-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and such works are usually short-lived. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2009_Iranian_presidential_election_protests" title="2009 Iranian presidential election protests">2009 Iranian presidential election protests</a>, many graffiti works were created by people supporting the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Green_Movement" title="Iranian Green Movement">Green Movement</a>. They were removed from the walls by the paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Basij" title="Basij">Basij</a> forces.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, Tehran Municipality has been using graffiti in order to beautify the city. Several graffiti festivals have also taken place in Tehran, including the one organized by the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_University_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran University of Art">Tehran University of Art</a> in October 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Iran" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran">List of twin towns and sister cities in Iran</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tehran" title="Special:EditPage/Tehran">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tehran%22">"Tehran"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tehran%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tehran%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tehran%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tehran%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tehran%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Tehran is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-twins_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, Turkey</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, Iraq</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a>, Kyrgyzstan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, Brazil</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>, Hungary</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela"><img alt="Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, Venezuela</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, Tajikistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, Palestine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan"><img alt="Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a>, Afghanistan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan"><img alt="Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, Sudan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines"><img alt="Philippines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><img alt="Yemen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a>, Yemen</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a>, Armenia</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooperation_agreements">Cooperation agreements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Cooperation agreements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tehran cooperates with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-twins_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France<sup id="cite_ref-twins_140-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, South Korea<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran_International_Exhibitions_Company" title="Iran International Exhibitions Company">Iran International Exhibitions Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_City_Council_of_Tehran" title="Islamic City Council of Tehran">Islamic City Council of Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Tehran" title="List of people from Tehran">List of people from Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_City_Council_(1968%E2%80%931979)" title="Tehran City Council (1968–1979)">Tehran City Council (1968–1979)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rainy days from parameter codes 46 and 71 from the NOAA source</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tmicto.tehran.ir/Portals/0/Document/Amarname/NEW_PDF/AmarShahr/96-TehranStatisticalYearBook.pdf">"City of Tehran Statisticalyearbook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413063520/https://tmicto.tehran.ir/Portals/0/Document/Amarname/NEW_PDF/AmarShahr/96-TehranStatisticalYearBook.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Tehran+Statisticalyearbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftmicto.tehran.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2FDocument%2FAmarname%2FNEW_PDF%2FAmarShahr%2F96-TehranStatisticalYearBook.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=97"><i>Tehran, Environment & Geography</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033007/http://en.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=97">Archived</a> 2015-11-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Tehran.ir.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5496594/جمعیت-تهران-از-۹-میلیون-نفر-عبور-کرد">"Population of Tehran"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413063520/https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5496594/جمعیت-تهران-از-۹-میلیون-نفر-عبور-کرد">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+of+Tehran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mehrnews.com%2Fnews%2F5496594%2F%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DB%B9-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/world/agglomerations/">"Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i>. 13 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Major+Agglomerations+of+the+World+-+Population+Statistics+and+Maps&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fworld%2Fagglomerations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urban population: Data for <a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a>. ~97.5% of county population live in Tehran city<br />Metro population: Estimate on base of census data, includes central part of Tehran province and <a href="/wiki/Karaj_County" title="Karaj County">Karaj County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fardis" title="Fardis">Fardis</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alborz_province" title="Alborz province">Alborz province</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/z39pgu">"Mourners in Tehran for Iran President Raisi's funeral procession"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i>. 22 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=Mourners+in+Tehran+for+Iran+President+Raisi%27s+funeral+procession&rft.date=2024-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fz39pgu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarsi2024" class="citation news cs1">Marsi, Federica (31 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aje.io/q81j9i">"Israel war on Gaza updates: Fears of escalation grow after Haniyeh killing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2024</span>. <q>Hamas says its political chief Ismail Haniyeh was killed in an Israeli missile attack in Iran's capital, Tehran.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=Israel+war+on+Gaza+updates%3A+Fears+of+escalation+grow+after+Haniyeh+killing&rft.date=2024-07-31&rft.aulast=Marsi&rft.aufirst=Federica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faje.io%2Fq81j9i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tehran_Province_Structure-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Province_Structure_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabibi2014" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Habibi, Hassan (10 December 2014) [Approved 21 June 1369]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141130203728/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113026">Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Tehran province centered on the city of Tehran</a>. <i>rc.majlis.ir</i> (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Notification 8416/T133K. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/113026">the original</a> on 30 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2023</span> – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Approval+of+the+organization+and+chain+of+citizenship+of+the+elements+and+units+of+the+national+divisions+of+Tehran+province+centered+on+the+city+of+Tehran&rft.pub=Ministry+of+the+Interior%2C+Defense+Political+Commission+of+the+Government+Board&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft.aulast=Habibi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frc.majlis.ir%2Ffa%2Flaw%2Fshow%2F113026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>SI ee <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">List of metropolitan areas in Asia</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErdösy,_George.1995" class="citation book cs1">Erdösy, George. (1995). <i>The Indo-Aryans of ancient South Asia: Language, material culture and ethnicity</i>. Walter de Gruyter. p. 165. <q>Possible western place names are the following: Raya-, which is also the ancient name of Median Raga in the Achaemenid inscriptions (Darius, Bisotun 2.13: <i>a land in Media called Raga</i>) and modern Rey south of Tehran</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryans+of+ancient+South+Asia%3A+Language%2C+material+culture+and+ethnicity&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Erd%C3%B6sy%2C+George.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran">"Tehran (Iran) : Introduction – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330180118/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tehran+%28Iran%29+%3A+Introduction+%E2%80%93+Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F585619%2FTehran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archdaily-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archdaily_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archdaily_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archdaily_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archdaily.com/566387/tabiat-pedestrian-bridge-diba-tensile-architecture">"Tabiat Pedestrian Bridge / Diba Tensile Architecture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ArchDaily" title="ArchDaily">ArchDaily</a>. 17 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211329/http://www.archdaily.com/566387/tabiat-pedestrian-bridge-diba-tensile-architecture/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabiat+Pedestrian+Bridge+%2F+Diba+Tensile+Architecture&rft.pub=ArchDaily&rft.date=2014-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdaily.com%2F566387%2Ftabiat-pedestrian-bridge-diba-tensile-architecture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tabnak-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tabnak_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabnak_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tabnak_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/133668">"چنددرصد تهرانی‌ها در تهران به دنیا آمده‌اند؟"</a>. <i>tabnak.ir</i> (in Persian). 3 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227033705/http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/133668">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tabnak.ir&rft.atitle=%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7+%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%9F&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabnak.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F133668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mohammad-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mohammad_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mohammad_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbasi-Shavazi,_Mohammad_JalalMcDonald,_PeterHosseini-Chavoshi,_Meimanat2009" class="citation book cs1">Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal; McDonald, Peter; Hosseini-Chavoshi, Meimanat (30 September 2009). "Region of Residence". <i>The Fertility Transition in Iran: Revolution and Reproduction</i>. Springer. pp. 100–101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Region+of+Residence&rft.btitle=The+Fertility+Transition+in+Iran%3A+Revolution+and+Reproduction&rft.pages=100-101&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009-09-30&rft.au=Abbasi-Shavazi%2C+Mohammad+Jalal&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Peter&rft.au=Hosseini-Chavoshi%2C+Meimanat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuppe,_Mareike.2008" class="citation book cs1">Schuppe, Mareike. (2008). <i>Coping with Growth in Tehran: Strategies of Development Regulation</i>. GRIN Verlag. p. 13. <q>Besides Persian, there are Azari, Armenian, and Jewish communities in Tehran. The vast majority of Tehran's residents are Persian-speaking (98.3%).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coping+with+Growth+in+Tehran%3A+Strategies+of+Development+Regulation&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=GRIN+Verlag&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Schuppe%2C+Mareike.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbaglia,_Pamela.2016" class="citation news cs1">Barbaglia, Pamela. (29 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-diaspora-idUSKCN0WV16D">"Iranian expats hard to woo as Western firms seek a foothold in Iran"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401143212/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-diaspora-idUSKCN0WV16D">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iranian+expats+hard+to+woo+as+Western+firms+seek+a+foothold+in+Iran&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft.au=Barbaglia%2C+Pamela.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-diaspora-idUSKCN0WV16D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErenhouse,_Ryan.2016" class="citation web cs1">Erenhouse, Ryan. (22 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/bangkok-takes-title-in-2016-mastercard-global-destinations-cities-index">"Bangkok Takes Title in 2016 Mastercard Global Destinations Cities Index"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a>'s newsroom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428214732/http://newsroom.mastercard.com/press-releases/bangkok-takes-title-in-2016-mastercard-global-destinations-cities-index/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bangkok+Takes+Title+in+2016+Mastercard+Global+Destinations+Cities+Index&rft.pub=MasterCard%27s+newsroom&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft.au=Erenhouse%2C+Ryan.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.mastercard.com%2Fpress-releases%2Fbangkok-takes-title-in-2016-mastercard-global-destinations-cities-index&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifpnews.com/exclusive/citizens-of-capital-mark-tehran-day-on-october-6/">"Citizens of Capital Mark Tehran Day on October 6"</a>. 6 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190706073748/https://ifpnews.com/exclusive/citizens-of-capital-mark-tehran-day-on-october-6/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citizens+of+Capital+Mark+Tehran+Day+on+October+6&rft.date=2018-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fifpnews.com%2Fexclusive%2Fcitizens-of-capital-mark-tehran-day-on-october-6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYahya1978" class="citation book cs1">Yahya, Zoka (1978). <i>Karvand of Kasravi</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://universityandheritage.net/SIFU/XII_Hanoi_2009/en/abstracts/html/14.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Lexington Books. pp. 95–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-2677-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-2677-6"><bdi>978-0-7391-2677-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Town+and+Country+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Iran+and+Egypt+in+the+Transition+to+Globalization&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=95-116&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-2677-6&rft.aulast=Chaichian&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftowncountryinmid0000chai%2Fpage%2F95%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SadCity-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SadCity_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanstiphout" class="citation web cs1">Vanstiphout, Wouter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131219102023/http://www.thenewtown.nl/article.php?id_article=71">"The Saddest City in the World"</a>. <i>The New Town</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Iran+Lightens+Up+On+Western+Ways&rft.date=1993-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1993%2F05%2F09%2Firan-lightens-up-on-western-ways%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-washingtonpost.com-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-washingtonpost.com_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buzbee, Sally. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/04/AR2007100401405_pf.html">"Tehran: Split Between Liberal, Hard-Line"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806141930/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/04/AR2007100401405_pf.html">Archived</a> 2017-08-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> via <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Thursday 4 October 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-accessmylibrary.com-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-accessmylibrary.com_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hundley, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-8331982_ITM">"Pro-reform Khatami appears victorious after 30 million Iranians cast votes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. 8 June 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTools" class="citation web cs1">Tools, Free Map. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm">"Elevation Finder"</a>. <i>Freemaptools.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516040306/https://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freemaptools.com&rft.atitle=Elevation+Finder&rft.aulast=Tools&rft.aufirst=Free+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemaptools.com%2Felevation-finder.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tehran_Geography-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tehran_Geography_54-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/27105/تهران--جغرافیا--شیوا-جعفری">"Tehran Geography"</a> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911143144/https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/article/27105/تهران--جغرافیا--شیوا-جعفری">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tehran+Geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgie.org.ir%2Ffa%2Farticle%2F27105%2F%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86--%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7--%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamshahrionline-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hamshahrionline_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hamshahrionline.ir/photo/173606/آشنایی-با-دریاچه-شهدای-خلیج-فارس-چیتگر-تهران/Chitgar">lake (in Persian)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209054656/https://www.hamshahrionline.ir/photo/173606/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86">Archived</a> 9 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. hamshahrionline.ir</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas.tehran.ir-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atlas.tehran.ir_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143424/http://atlas.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=171/">Climate and air pollution of Tehran (in Persian)</a>. atlas.tehran.ir</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iichs.ir/p/history.aspx?id=2">"Institute for Iranian Contemporary Historical Studies"</a> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121001916/http://www.iichs.ir/p/history.aspx?id=2">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Institute+for+Iranian+Contemporary+Historical+Studies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iichs.ir%2Fp%2Fhistory.aspx%3Fid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IranTour-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IranTour_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030610002354/http://www.irantour.org/Iran/Climate.html">"Climate of Tehran"</a>. <i>Irantour.org</i>. Archived from the original on 10 June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irantour.org&rft.atitle=Climate+of+Tehran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irantour.org%2FIran%2FClimate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-records-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-records_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-records_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-records_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/7.asp">"Highest record temperature in Tehran by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+record+temperature+in+Tehran+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chbmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Fteh%2FTEHRAN%2F7.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529100320/https://data.irimo.ir/">"Highest Record temperatures in Tehran by Month 2011–2020"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.data.irimo.ir/">the original</a> on 29 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+Record+temperatures+in+Tehran+by+Month+2011%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.irimo.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205221146/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/6.asp">"Lowest record temperature in Tehran by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/6.asp">the original</a> on 5 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowest+record+temperature+in+Tehran+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chbmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Fteh%2FTEHRAN%2F6.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529100320/https://data.irimo.ir/">"Lowest record temperatures in Tehran by Month 2011–2020"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowest+record+temperatures+in+Tehran+by+Month+2011%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.irimo.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ncei-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ncei_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/TehranMehrabadAirport_40754.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: TehranMehrabadAirport-40754"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span>. <i>ncei.noaa.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>. <q>WMO number: 40754</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncei.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=WMO+Climate+Normals+for+1981-2010%3A+Tehran+%28Mehrabad+airport%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1981-2010%2FRA-II%2FIran%2FWMO_Normals_Excel_IRAN_060719.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snowdays-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snowdays_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snowdays_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120816025748/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/32.asp">"Form 32: No. Of days with snow or sleet Station: Tehran Mehrabad(40754)"</a>. 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OF IRAN SHAHREKORD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170829024954/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/iranarchive.asp">Archived</a> 2017-08-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 1988–2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-data.irimo.ir-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-data.irimo.ir_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.data.irimo.ir/">I.R. OF IRAN METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (IN PERSIAN)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529100320/https://data.irimo.ir/">Archived</a> 29 May 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 1988–2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-temperatures-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-temperatures_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/3.asp">"Average Maximum temperature in Tehran by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Maximum+temperature+in+Tehran+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chbmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Fteh%2FTEHRAN%2F3.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529100320/https://data.irimo.ir/">"Average Maximum temperatures in Tehran by Month 2011–2020"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.data.irimo.ir/">the original</a> on 29 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Maximum+temperatures+in+Tehran+by+Month+2011%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.irimo.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200205222350/http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/5.asp">"Average Mean Daily temperature in Tehran by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Minimum+temperature+in+Tehran+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chbmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Fteh%2FTEHRAN%2F2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529100320/https://data.irimo.ir/">"Average Minimum temperatures in Tehran by Month 2011–2020"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.data.irimo.ir/">the original</a> on 29 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Minimum+temperatures+in+Tehran+by+Month+2011%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.irimo.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-precipitation2-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precipitation2_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160320085246/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/JEOPHYSI/25.asp">"Monthly Total Precipitation in Tehran(Jeophysics by Month 1991–2005"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Total+Precipitation+in+Tehran%28Jeophysics+by+Month+1991%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaharmahalmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Fteh%2FJEOPHYSI%2F25.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humidity-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-humidity_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/14.asp">"Average relative humidity in Tehran by Month 1951–2010"</a>. Iran Meteorological Organization.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+relative+humidity+in+Tehran+by+Month+1951%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Iran+Meteorological+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chbmet.ir%2Fstat%2Farchive%2Firan%2Fteh%2FTEHRAN%2F14.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-precipdays-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-precipdays_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chbmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/teh/TEHRAN/30.asp">"No. Of days with precipitation in Tehran by Month 1951–2010"</a>. 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BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011190509/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4250831.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AccuWeather.com&rft.atitle=Deadly+Dust+Storm+Engulfs+Iran%27s+Capital&rft.date=2014-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accuweather.com%2Fen%2Fweather-news%2Fdeadly-dust-storm-blasts-tehra-1%2F28046154%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/09/jan/1007.html">"Car exhaust fumes blamed for over 80% of air pollution in Tehran"</a>. <i>Payvand.com</i>. 22 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629091518/http://www.payvand.com/news/09/jan/1007.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Payvand.com&rft.atitle=Car+exhaust+fumes+blamed+for+over+80%25+of+air+pollution+in+Tehran&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F09%2Fjan%2F1007.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1239.html">"Motorcycles Account for 30% of Air Pollution in Tehran"</a>. <i>Payvand.com</i>. 22 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110107063229/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1239.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Payvand.com&rft.atitle=Motorcycles+Account+for+30%25+of+Air+Pollution+in+Tehran&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F10%2Foct%2F1239.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabzovskii2019" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Labzovskii, Lev (2 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425719303785">"Working towards confident spaceborne monitoring of carbon emissions from cities using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2"</a>. <i>Remote Sensing of Environment</i>. 233 (2019) 11359. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.rse.2019.111359">10.1016/j.rse.2019.111359</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127042353/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425719303785">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Remote+Sensing+of+Environment&rft.atitle=Working+towards+confident+spaceborne+monitoring+of+carbon+emissions+from+cities+using+Orbiting+Carbon+Observatory-2&rft.volume=233+%282019%29+11359&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.rse.2019.111359&rft.aulast=Labzovskii&rft.aufirst=Lev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0034425719303785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Relocation-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Relocation_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Relocation_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/10/may/1322.html">"For Security and Administrative [sic] Reasons: Plan to Move Capital From Tehran Finalized"</a>. <i>Payvand.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100603033101/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/may/1322.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Payvand.com&rft.atitle=For+Security+and+Administrative+%5Bsic%5D+Reasons%3A+Plan+to+Move+Capital+From+Tehran+Finalized&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F10%2Fmay%2F1322.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payvand.com/news/10/jul/1064.html">"Iran Moots Shifting Capital from Tehran"</a>. <i>Payvand.com</i>. 22 November 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100710192546/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/jul/1064.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Payvand.com&rft.atitle=Iran+Moots+Shifting+Capital+from+Tehran&rft.date=2006-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.payvand.com%2Fnews%2F10%2Fjul%2F1064.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy">"Tehran (Iran) : People – Britannica Online Encyclopedia"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121123001337/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585619/Tehran/276311/Economy">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tehran+%28Iran%29+%3A+People+%E2%80%93+Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F585619%2FTehran%2F276311%2FEconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordesman,_Anthony_H.2008" class="citation web cs1">Cordesman, Anthony H. (23 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/081006_iran_nuclear.pdf">"The US, Israel, the Arab States and a Nuclear Iran. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Iran+blocks+share+price+gains&rft.date=2003-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F3129995.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>تاریخچه صنعت مد، پوشاک و شبکه توزیع وابسته در جهان و ایران (چاپ نخست)</i> (in Persian). 2020. pp. 34, 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87+%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%8C+%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9+%D9%88+%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B9+%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%28%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE+%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%29&rft.pages=34%2C+35&rft.date=2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gulfn-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gulfn_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gulfn_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGulf_News2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a> (9 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/hopes-for-shopping-revolution-as-malls-sprout-in-iran-1.1585877">"Hopes for shopping revolution as malls sprout in Iran"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171018145219/http://gulfnews.com/business/economy/hopes-for-shopping-revolution-as-malls-sprout-in-iran-1.1585877">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hopes+for+shopping+revolution+as+malls+sprout+in+Iran&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft.au=Gulf+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fhopes-for-shopping-revolution-as-malls-sprout-in-iran-1.1585877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g293999-Activities-c26-t143-Tehran_Tehran_Province.html">"THE 10 BEST Tehran Shopping Malls (with Photos)"</a>. <i>Tripadvisor.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807223641/https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g293999-Activities-c26-t143-Tehran_Tehran_Province.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tripadvisor.com&rft.atitle=THE+10+BEST+Tehran+Shopping+Malls+%28with+Photos%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.com%2FAttractions-g293999-Activities-c26-t143-Tehran_Tehran_Province.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://infos10.com/biggest-shopping-malls-in-the-world/">"Top 10 Biggest Shopping Malls In The World 2022"</a>. <i>Infos10.com</i>. 27 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Living+in+Tehran&rft.atitle=Getting+a+cab+in+Tehran%3A+Airport+Taxis&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivingintehran.com%2F2017%2F12%2F19%2Fgetting-cab-tehran-airport-taxis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murray_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murray, Alan (2000). <i>World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia</i>, pp. 57 and 99. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-904235-18-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-904235-18-1">0-904235-18-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tm265-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tm265_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tm265_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trolleybus Magazine</i> No. 265 (January–February 2006), pp. 16–17. National Trolleybus Association (UK). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0266-7452">0266-7452</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tm298-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tm298_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Trolleybus Magazine</i> No. 298 (July–August 2011), pp. 89–90. National Trolleybus Association (UK).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haseldine-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-haseldine_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haseldine, Peter (March–April 2015). "Tehran Closure". <i>Trolleybus Magazine</i> No. 320, pp. 40–43. 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National Trolleybus Association (UK).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trolleymotion-2016july-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trolleymotion-2016july_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trolleymotion-2016july_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trolleymotion-2016july_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudach2016" class="citation web cs1">Budach, D. (11 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702121933/https://old.trolleymotion.eu/index.php?id=38&L=3&n_ID=2524">"Teheran: Trolleybuses return!"</a>. <i>TrolleyMotion</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.trolleymotion.eu/index.php?id=38&L=3&n_ID=2524">the original</a> on 2 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Metro+-+Metro+History&rft.pub=Tehran+Urban+%26+Suburban+Railway+Operating+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.tehran.ir%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424044647/http://metro.tehran.ir/Portals/1/articlepdf/7-Statistics.pdf">"Development of stations operating"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tehran Urban & Suburban Railway Operating Company. 20 June 2011. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+of+stations+operating&rft.pub=Tehran+Urban+%26+Suburban+Railway+Operating+Company&rft.date=2011-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.tehran.ir%2FPortals%2F1%2Farticlepdf%2F7-Statistics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Line1-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Line1_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Line1_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=357">"خط ۱ مترو تهران و توسعه شمالي و جنوبي خط تا كهريزك"</a>. <i>tehranmetrogroup.com</i> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163310/http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=357">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehranmetrogroup.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7+%DB%B1+%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87+%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%88+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D8%AE%D8%B7+%D8%AA%D8%A7+%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftehranmetrogroup.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fsiteid%3D1%26fkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D1%26pageid%3D357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stations-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stations_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stations_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stations_105-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150825020847/http://metro.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=215">"Stations"</a>. <i>tehran.ir</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metro.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=215">the original</a> on 25 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehran.ir&rft.atitle=Stations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.tehran.ir%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Line2-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Line2_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Line2_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=356">"خط 2 متروي تهران و توسعه شرقي خط تا پايانه شرق"</a>. <i>tehranmetrogroup.com</i> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208153445/http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=356">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehranmetrogroup.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7+2+%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A+%D8%AE%D8%B7+%D8%AA%D8%A7+%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftehranmetrogroup.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fsiteid%3D1%26fkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D1%26pageid%3D356&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Line3-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Line3_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Line3_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=355">"خط 3 مترو تهران"</a>. <i>tehranmetrogroup.com</i> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025091940/http://www.tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=355">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehranmetrogroup.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7+3+%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftehranmetrogroup.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fsiteid%3D1%26fkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D1%26pageid%3D355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Line4-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Line4_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Line4_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=354">"خط 4 مترو تهران"</a>. <i>tehranmetrogroup.com</i> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065649/http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=354">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehranmetrogroup.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7+4+%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftehranmetrogroup.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fsiteid%3D1%26fkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D1%26pageid%3D354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Line5-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Line5_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Line5_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=353">"خط 5 مترو"</a>. <i>tehranmetrogroup.com</i> (in Persian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208100137/http://tehranmetrogroup.com/index.aspx?siteid=1&fkeyid=&siteid=1&pageid=353">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tehranmetrogroup.com&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7+5+%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftehranmetrogroup.com%2Findex.aspx%3Fsiteid%3D1%26fkeyid%3D%26siteid%3D1%26pageid%3D353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L5-stations-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-L5-stations_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100836/http://metro.tehran.ir/Portals/1/articlepdf/11-Statistics.pdf">"Final profile Tehran Metro Station Line 5"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tehran Urban & Suburban Railway Operating Company. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+profile+Tehran+Metro+Station+Line+5&rft.pub=Tehran+Urban+%26+Suburban+Railway+Operating+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.tehran.ir%2FPortals%2F1%2Farticlepdf%2F11-Statistics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://financialtribune.com/articles/people/97316/tehran-metro-line-6-opens.html">"Tehran Metro Line 6 Opens"</a>. <i>Financial Tribune</i>. 7 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224072055/http://financialtribune.com/articles/people/97316/tehran-metro-line-6-opens.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Tribune&rft.atitle=Tehran+Metro+Line+6+Opens&rft.date=2019-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffinancialtribune.com%2Farticles%2Fpeople%2F97316%2Ftehran-metro-line-6-opens.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrow" class="citation news cs1">Barrow, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/tehran-metro-line-7-inaugurated.html">"Tehran metro Line 7 inaugurated"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615074407/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/tehran-metro-line-7-inaugurated.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Lonely Planet Publications, 5th Edition, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-293-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-293-1">978-1-74104-293-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilna.ir/بخش-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1-6/697899-%D8%B4%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%A2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF">"ششمین نمایشگاه ایران مد از فردا آغاز می‌شود"</a>. <i>خبرگزاری ایلنا</i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Wiesbaden, Germany: Reichert Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Ballet+in+Iran&rft.place=Wiesbaden%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Reichert+Verlag&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Kiann%2C+Nima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntekhab.ir2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Entekhab.ir, پایگاه خبری تحلیلی انتخاب | (29 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/657920">"گزارشی از شب های تهران ۴۷ سال پیش / آمارهای قابل توجه درمورد تهرانی ها و خرج هایی که صرف خوشگذرانی می کردند"</a>. <i>fa</i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fa&rft.atitle=%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%B4%D8%A8+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%DB%B4%DB%B7+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4+%2F+%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88+%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AC+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%85%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2023-05-29&rft.aulast=Entekhab.ir&rft.aufirst=%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8+%7C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entekhab.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F657920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMehrabi,_Massoud." class="citation web cs1">Mehrabi, Massoud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113213/http://www.massoudmehrabi.com/articles.asp?id=1414606616">"The history of Iranian cinema"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massoudmehrabi.com/articles.asp?id=1414606616">the original</a> on 23 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Iranian+cinema&rft.au=Mehrabi%2C+Massoud.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massoudmehrabi.com%2Farticles.asp%3Fid%3D1414606616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horschamp.qc.ca/new_offscreen/preiran.html">"Iranian Cinema: Before the Revolution"</a>. <i>offscreen.com</i>. November 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226080233/http://www.horschamp.qc.ca/new_offscreen/preiran.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=offscreen.com&rft.atitle=Iranian+Cinema%3A+Before+the+Revolution&rft.date=1999-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horschamp.qc.ca%2Fnew_offscreen%2Fpreiran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hipersia.com/en/news.cfm?id=580">"Tehran Day Tour | Concert in Tehran - HiPersia"</a>. <i>hipersia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200808060336/https://hipersia.com/en/news.cfm?id=580">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hipersia.com&rft.atitle=Tehran+Day+Tour+%7C+Concert+in+Tehran+-+HiPersia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhipersia.com%2Fen%2Fnews.cfm%3Fid%3D580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121200006/http://www.tochal.org/en/telecabin_introduction.asp">"Lines of Telecabin"</a>. <i>tochal.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tehran+Food+Guide&rft.pub=The+City+Lane&rft.date=2015-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthecitylane.com%2Fwhere-to-eat-in-tehran-food-guide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-graff-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-graff_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-graff_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheragh_Abadi,_Mehrnoush.2017" class="citation web cs1">Cheragh Abadi, Mehrnoush. (10 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equaltimes.org/the-fleeting-freedom-of-street-art">"The fleeting freedom of street art in Tehran"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+fleeting+freedom+of+street+art+in+Tehran&rft.pub=Equal+Times&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft.au=Cheragh+Abadi%2C+Mehrnoush.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equaltimes.org%2Fthe-fleeting-freedom-of-street-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110321154539/http://observers.france24.com/content/20100302-tehran-graffiti-war-green-movement-basij-militia-spray-paint-tags">"Tehran's graffiti war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 2 March 2010. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tehran%27s+graffiti+war&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2010-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fobservers.france24.com%2Fcontent%2F20100302-tehran-graffiti-war-green-movement-basij-militia-spray-paint-tags&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130911080951/http://mediacenter.dw.de/persian/pictures/item/687955/دانشگاه_هنر_میزبان_فستیوال_گرافیتی/">"دانشگاه هنر میزبان فستیوال گرافیتی"</a> (in Persian). Deutsche Welle. 24 October 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediacenter.dw.de/persian/pictures/item/687955/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C/">the original</a> on 11 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1+%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84+%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2012-10-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediacenter.dw.de%2Fpersian%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2F687955%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25B4%25DA%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587_%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25B1_%25D9%2585%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D9%2581%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584_%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-twins_140-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twins_140-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-twins_140-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isna.ir/news/96122915736/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7">"گذری بر خواهرخوانده تهران در شرق اروپا"</a>. <i>isna.ir</i> (in Persian). Iranian Students' News Agency. 21 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210528203620/https://www.isna.ir/news/96122915736/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isna.ir&rft.atitle=%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isna.ir%2Fnews%2F96122915736%2F%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B0%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1%25D9%2582-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/twin-cities-oxford-cambridge-london/">"The Twin Cities of Oxford, Cambridge and London"</a>. <i>oxford-royale.com</i>. Oxford Royale Academy. 16 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619210923/https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/twin-cities-oxford-cambridge-london/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oxford-royale.com&rft.atitle=The+Twin+Cities+of+Oxford%2C+Cambridge+and+London&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxford-royale.com%2Farticles%2Ftwin-cities-oxford-cambridge-london%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minsk.gov.by/en/city/">"Twin towns of Minsk"</a>. <i>minsk.gov.by</i>. Minsk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200909212350/https://minsk.gov.by/en/city/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=minsk.gov.by&rft.atitle=Twin+towns+of+Minsk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminsk.gov.by%2Fen%2Fcity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sarajevo.ba/bs/article/5778/gradovi-pobratimi-spisak">"Gradovi pobratimi: Spisak"</a>. <i>sarajevo.ba</i> (in Bosnian). Sarajevo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219160015/https://www.sarajevo.ba/bs/article/5778/gradovi-pobratimi-spisak">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sarajevo.ba&rft.atitle=Gradovi+pobratimi%3A+Spisak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sarajevo.ba%2Fbs%2Farticle%2F5778%2Fgradovi-pobratimi-spisak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/international-exchange/sister-cities/">"Sister and Friendship Cities"</a>. <i>seoul.go.kr</i>. Seoul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705231232/http://english.seoul.go.kr/policy-information/international-exchange/sister-cities/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seoul.go.kr&rft.atitle=Sister+and+Friendship+Cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.seoul.go.kr%2Fpolicy-information%2Finternational-exchange%2Fsister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATehran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tehran#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Tehran">Bibliography of the history of Tehran</a></div> <ul><li>Emerson, Charles. <i>1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War</i> (2013) compares Tehran to 20 major world cities; pp. 309–24.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehran&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" class="extiw" title="commons:تهران"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">تهران</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Tehran#Q3616" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Tehran">Tehran</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Teheran_(province)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Teheran (province)">Teheran (province)</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Teheran_(city)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Teheran (city)">Teheran (city)</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Tehran%20Google%20maps&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&startIndex=&startPage=1&um=1&sa=N&tab=wl">Google Map: Tehran</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170503163727/http://en.tehran.ir/">Tehran Municipality website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tehrangis.com/">Tehran Geographic Information Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114074909/http://tehranimages.org/">Tehranimages.</a> A photographic project focusing on neglected pieces of architecture in downtown Tehran, Iran.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letsvisitpersia.com/must-see-in-tehran/">Must see in Tehran</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Capitals_of_Persia" title="Capitals of Persia">Capital of Iran (Persia)</a> </b><br />1795–current </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tehran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tehran" title="Template:Tehran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tehran" title="Template talk:Tehran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tehran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tehran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tehran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Tehran" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Tehran">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Tehran" title="Category:Culture in Tehran">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Tehran" title="Demographics of Tehran">Demographics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_Tehran" title="Category:Education in Tehran">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Tehran" title="Category:Geography of Tehran">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Tehran" title="Category:Government of Tehran">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Tehran" title="Category:History of Tehran">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Tehran" title="Timeline of Tehran">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Tehran" title="Category:Mass media in Tehran">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_Tehran" title="Category:Museums in Tehran">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighbourhoods_in_Tehran" title="Category:Neighbourhoods in Tehran">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tehran_metropolis_parks" title="List of Tehran metropolis parks">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Tehran" title="List of people from Tehran">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_centers_in_Tehran" title="List of religious centers in Tehran">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Tehran" title="Category:Sport in Tehran">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Tehran" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Tehran">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Tehran" title="Category:Transport in Tehran">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Tehran" title="List of colleges and universities in Tehran">Colleges and Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tehran" title="Category:Tehran">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tehran" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tehran">Commons</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="25px_Geographic_locale" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="25px_Geographic_locale" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/25px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/38px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/50px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span><span class="nowrap"> </span>Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <b><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Lat. <small>and</small> Long.</a> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tehran&params=35_41_46_N_51_25_23_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°41′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">51°25′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.69611°N 51.42306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.69611; 51.42306</span></span></span></a></span></span></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_Asian_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of Asian capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Central Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">South Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Southeast Asia</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">West Asia</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bishkek" title="Bishkek">Bishkek</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>East Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul> <div style="background:#dcdcfe; text-align:center;"><b>North Asia</b></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Camp_Thunder_Cove" title="Camp Thunder Cove">Camp Thunder Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">BIOT</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mal%C3%A9" title="Malé">Malé</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sri_Jayawardenepura_Kotte" title="Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte">Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Thimphu" title="Thimphu">Thimphu</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Seri_Begawan" title="Bandar Seri Begawan">Bandar Seri Begawan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dili" title="Dili">Dili</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Flying_Fish_Cove" title="Flying Fish Cove">Flying Fish Cove</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Naypyidaw" title="Naypyidaw">Naypyidaw</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vientiane" title="Vientiane">Vientiane</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Island,_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands">West Island</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></i> (de facto) <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, <i><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></i> <b>*</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.3em; line-height:1.3em;"><div><b>*</b> Disputed. See: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus dispute">Cyprus dispute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz-Georgian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz-Georgian conflict">Abkhaz-Georgian conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georgian-Ossetian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian-Ossetian conflict">Georgian-Ossetian conflict</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tehran_Province,_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tehran_Province" title="Template:Tehran Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tehran_Province" title="Template talk:Tehran Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tehran_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tehran Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tehran_Province,_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehran Province">Tehran Province</a>, Iran</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Counties</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Iran">cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baharestan_County" title="Baharestan County">Baharestan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasim_Shahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasim Shahr">Nasim Shahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golestan,_Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan, Tehran Province">Golestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salehieh" title="Salehieh">Salehieh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tehran_in_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tehran_in_Iran.svg/150px-Tehran_in_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tehran_in_Iran.svg/225px-Tehran_in_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tehran_in_Iran.svg/300px-Tehran_in_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Damavand_County" title="Damavand County">Damavand County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damavand,_Iran" title="Damavand, Iran">Damavand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abali" title="Abali">Abali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absard" title="Absard">Absard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilan" title="Kilan">Kilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudehen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudehen">Rudehen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eslamshahr_County" title="Eslamshahr County">Eslamshahr County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadabad-e_Mostowfi" title="Ahmadabad-e Mostowfi">Ahmadabad-e Mostowfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslamshahr" title="Eslamshahr">Eslamshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahardangeh" title="Chahardangeh">Chahardangeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firuzkuh_County" title="Firuzkuh County">Firuzkuh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firuzkuh" title="Firuzkuh">Firuzkuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjomand" title="Arjomand">Arjomand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malard_County" title="Malard County">Malard County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malard" title="Malard">Malard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safadasht" title="Safadasht">Safadasht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakdasht_County" title="Pakdasht County">Pakdasht County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakdasht" title="Pakdasht">Pakdasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifabad,_Iran" title="Sharifabad, Iran">Sharifabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pardis_County" title="Pardis County">Pardis County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardis" title="Pardis">Pardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumehen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumehen">Bumehen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pishva_County" title="Pishva County">Pishva County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pishva" title="Pishva">Pishva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qarchak_County" title="Qarchak County">Qarchak County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qarchak" title="Qarchak">Qarchak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qods_County" title="Qods County">Qods County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qods,_Iran" title="Qods, Iran">Qods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ray_County,_Iran" title="Ray County, Iran">Ray County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rey,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rey, Iran">Rey</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_former"><a href="#endnote_former">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqershahr" title="Baqershahr">Baqershahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Rey" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasanabad, Rey">Hasanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahrizak" title="Kahrizak">Kahrizak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robat_Karim_County" title="Robat Karim County">Robat Karim County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robat_Karim" title="Robat Karim">Robat Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parand" title="Parand">Parand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasirabad,_Tehran" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasirabad, Tehran">Nasirabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shahriar_County" title="Shahriar County">Shahriar County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahriar,_Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahriar, Tehran Province">Shahriar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andisheh" title="Andisheh">Andisheh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghestan" title="Baghestan">Baghestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsieh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdowsieh">Ferdowsieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabashahr" title="Sabashahr">Sabashahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahedshahr" title="Shahedshahr">Shahedshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahidieh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahidieh">Vahidieh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shemiranat_County" title="Shemiranat County">Shemiranat County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shemiran" title="Shemiran">Shemiran</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_former"><a href="#endnote_former">*</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasham" title="Fasham">Fasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavasan" title="Lavasan">Lavasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajrish" title="Tajrish">Tajrish</a><sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_former"><a href="#endnote_former">*</a></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Varamin_County" title="Varamin County">Varamin County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varamin" title="Varamin">Varamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javadabad,_Varamin" title="Javadabad, Varamin">Javadabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azadi_Tower" title="Azadi Tower">Azadi Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahman_Cultural_Center" title="Bahman Cultural Center">Bahman Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabiat_Bridge" title="Tabiat Bridge">Tabiat Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet_Museum_of_Iran" title="Carpet Museum of Iran">Carpet Museum of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizin" title="Dizin">Dizin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebn-e_Babooyeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebn-e Babooyeh">Ebn-e Babooyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golestan_Palace" title="Golestan Palace">Golestan Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Bazaar,_Tehran" title="Grand Bazaar, Tehran">Grand Bazaar, Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Crown_Jewels" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Crown Jewels">Iranian Crown Jewels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_National_Museum_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Malik National Museum of Iran">Malik National Museum of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milad_Tower" title="Milad Tower">Milad Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iran" title="National Museum of Iran">National Museum of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niavaran_Complex" title="Niavaran Complex">Niavaran Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Palace" title="Pearl Palace">Pearl Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27dabad_Complex" title="Sa'dabad Complex">Sa'dabad Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeli_Tower" title="Shebeli Tower">Shebeli Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemshak_(ski_resort)" title="Shemshak (ski resort)">Shemshak (ski resort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibi_Shahr_Banu_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibi Shahr Banu Shrine">Bibi Shahr Banu Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangeh_Savashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangeh Savashi">Tangeh Savashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Museum_of_Contemporary_Art" title="Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art">Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toopkhaneh" title="Toopkhaneh">Toopkhaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughrul_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Tughrul Tower">Tughrul Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Abbasi_Museum" title="Reza Abbasi Museum">Reza Abbasi Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Thaddeus_and_Bartholomew_Church_of_Tehran" title="Saints Thaddeus and Bartholomew Church of Tehran">St. Thaddeus and Bartholomew Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Church_of_Tehran" title="Saint George Church of Tehran">St. George Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Tehran_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Tehran Province">List of cities, towns and villages in Tehran Province</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_former"><b><a href="#ref_former">^*</a></b></span> indicates that this formerly independent city is now absorbed into Tehran.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Tehran_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tehran_County" title="Template:Tehran County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tehran_County" title="Template talk:Tehran County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tehran_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tehran County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Tehran_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/60px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tehran_County" title="Tehran County">Tehran County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Iran">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Tehran_County)" title="Central District (Tehran County)">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Siyahrud" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Siyahrud_Rural_District_(Tehran_Province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siyahrud Rural District (Tehran Province)">Siyahrud</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtargarden" title="Ashtargarden">Ashtargarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajarabad" title="Hajarabad">Hajarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hameh_Sin" title="Hameh Sin">Hameh Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjarian" title="Sanjarian">Sanjarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellow-e_Bala" title="Tellow-e Bala">Tellow-e Bala</a></li> <li>Tellow-e Pain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurd-e_Shad" title="Yurd-e Shad">Yurd-e Shad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aftab_District" title="Aftab District">Aftab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Aftab_Rural_District" title="Aftab Rural District">Aftab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftab,_Iran" title="Aftab, Iran">Aftab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad-e_Baqeraf" title="Hasanabad-e Baqeraf">Hasanabad-e Baqeraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafarabad-e_Baqeraf" title="Jafarabad-e Baqeraf">Jafarabad-e Baqeraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimabad,_Tehran" title="Karimabad, Tehran">Karimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematabad-e_Ghar" title="Nematabad-e Ghar">Nematabad-e Ghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaleh_Now-e_Hajji_Musa" title="Qaleh Now-e Hajji Musa">Qaleh Now-e Hajji Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashidabad,_Tehran" title="Rashidabad, Tehran">Rashidabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salehabad-e_Seyyedabad" title="Salehabad-e Seyyedabad">Salehabad-e Seyyedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e_Resalat" title="Shahrak-e Resalat">Shahrak-e Resalat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Khalazir_Rural_District" title="Khalazir Rural District">Khalazir</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasabad-e_Rostamabad" title="Abbasabad-e Rostamabad">Abbasabad-e Rostamabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinarabad,_Tehran" title="Dinarabad, Tehran">Dinarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafarabad-e_Jangal,_Tehran" title="Jafarabad-e Jangal, Tehran">Jafarabad-e Jangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahanabad,_Tehran" title="Jahanabad, Tehran">Jahanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashanak,_Tehran" title="Kashanak, Tehran">Kashanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalazir" title="Khalazir">Khalazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjanabad,_Tehran" title="Marjanabad, Tehran">Marjanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moradabad,_Tehran" title="Moradabad, Tehran">Moradabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morteza_Gerd" title="Morteza Gerd">Morteza Gerd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palain" title="Palain">Palain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahimabad,_Tehran" title="Rahimabad, Tehran">Rahimabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shokrabad,_Tehran" title="Shokrabad, Tehran">Shokrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valiabad,_Tehran" title="Valiabad, Tehran">Valiabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kan_District" title="Kan District">Kan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sulqan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/Sulqan_Rural_District" title="Sulqan Rural District">Sulqan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emamzadeh_Aqil,_Tehran" title="Emamzadeh Aqil, Tehran">Emamzadeh Aqil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emamzadeh_Davud,_Tehran" title="Emamzadeh Davud, Tehran">Emamzadeh Davud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshar-e_Olya" title="Keshar-e Olya">Keshar-e Olya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshar-e_Sofla" title="Keshar-e Sofla">Keshar-e Sofla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kigah" title="Kigah">Kigah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randan,_Tehran" title="Randan, Tehran">Randan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangan,_Tehran" title="Sangan, Tehran">Sangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Gulf_Corner_Centre" title="Sinai and Gulf Corner Centre">Sinai and Gulf Corner Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talun" title="Talun">Talun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardij" title="Vardij">Vardij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varish" title="Varish">Varish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Template:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Provincial</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak,_Iran" title="Arak, Iran">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birjand" title="Birjand">Birjand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojnord" title="Bojnord">Bojnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilam,_Iran" title="Ilam, Iran">Ilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari,_Iran" title="Sari, Iran">Sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran">Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Kord" title="Shahr-e Kord">Shahr-e Kord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuj" title="Yasuj">Yasuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahedan" title="Zahedan">Zahedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Template talk:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_Games_host_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian Games host cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Host_cities_of_Asian_Games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Host cities of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Asian Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1951_Asian_Games" title="1951 Asian Games">1951</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1954_Asian_Games" title="1954 Asian Games">1954</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1958_Asian_Games" title="1958 Asian Games">1958</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1962_Asian_Games" title="1962 Asian Games">1962</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1966_Asian_Games" title="1966 Asian Games">1966</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1970_Asian_Games" title="1970 Asian Games">1970</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1974_Asian_Games" title="1974 Asian Games">1974</a>:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1978_Asian_Games" title="1978 Asian Games">1978</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1982_Asian_Games" title="1982 Asian Games">1982</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Games" title="1986 Asian Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Games" title="1990 Asian Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1994_Asian_Games" title="1994 Asian Games">1994</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1998_Asian_Games" title="1998 Asian Games">1998</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2002_Asian_Games" title="2002 Asian Games">2002</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2006_Asian_Games" title="2006 Asian Games">2006</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2010_Asian_Games" title="2010 Asian Games">2010</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Asian_Games" title="2018 Asian Games">2018</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2022_Asian_Games" title="2022 Asian Games">2022</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2026_Asian_Games" title="2026 Asian Games">2026</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Aichi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aichi">Aichi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2030_Asian_Games" title="2030 Asian Games">2030</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2034_Asian_Games" title="2034 Asian Games">2034</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asian_Games_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Asian Games logo"><img alt="Asian Games logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/70px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/105px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Asian_Games_logo.svg/140px-Asian_Games_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Winter_Games" title="Asian Winter Games">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1986 Asian Winter Games">1986</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1990_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1990 Asian Winter Games">1990</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1996_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1996 Asian Winter Games">1996</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1999_Asian_Winter_Games" title="1999 Asian Winter Games">1999</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gangwon_Province_(South_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangwon Province (South Korea)">Kangwon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2003_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2003 Asian Winter Games">2003</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Aomori_Prefecture" title="Aomori Prefecture">Aomori</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2007_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2007 Asian Winter Games">2007</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2011_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2011 Asian Winter Games">2011</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>-<a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2017_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2017 Asian Winter Games">2017</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2025_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2025 Asian Winter Games">2025</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2029_Asian_Winter_Games" title="2029 Asian Winter Games">2029</a>:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Trojena" title="Trojena">Trojena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td 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colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3616#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3616#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059304-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79039626">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11993634d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11993634d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Teherán (Írán)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134537&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX462367">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2074978">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000301851&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/rp3545w922vdm7l">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007559657105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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