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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><meta charset="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/a44361438/why-harry-truman-didnt-like-oppenheimer-atomic-bombs"/><meta name="X-UA-Compatible" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrom=1"/><meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no"/><title>Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. Robert Oppenheimer</title><meta name="title" content="Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. Robert Oppenheimer"/><meta name="description" content="President Harry Truman and nuclear physicist J. 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Robert Oppenheimer and President Harry S. Truman were both pivotal figures in the development and use of the atomic bomb during World War II, the two men only met in person one time. It didn’t go well.Accounts differ as to the exact words spoken, but the October"/><meta name="sailthru.tags" content="political-figures,Famous Political Figures,us-presidents,U.S. Presidents,Biography-US"/><meta name="sailthru.date" content="2023-11-28 20:22:00"/><meta name="sailthru.socialtitle" content="Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. 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type="application/ld+json">{"@type":"NewsArticle","thumbnailUrl":"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/bio-oppenheimer-and-truman-649dcfc170b6c.jpg?crop=0.502xw:1.00xh;0.235xw,0&resize=100:*","datePublished":"2023-06-30T13:54:40.887254Z","headline":"Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. Robert Oppenheimer","articleBody":"Although physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer and President Harry S. Truman were both pivotal figures in the development and use of the atomic bomb during World War II, the two men only met in person one time. It didn’t go well.Accounts differ as to the exact words spoken, but the October 25, 1945, meeting exemplified the contrasting feelings both men had regarding the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as the future of atomic weaponry. Oppenheimer famously claimed to have “blood on his hands,” during his meeting with Truman, a comment that infuriated the president.“Blood on his hands; damn it, he hasn’t half as much blood on his hands as I have. You just don’t go around bellyaching about it,” Truman said, according to the book Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center by Ray Monk. He called Oppenheimer a “cry-baby scientist” and said, “I don’t want to see that son of a b–– in this office ever again.” Two Men, Two Different AttitudesOppenheimer is famous for having said the Trinity test—the first successful atomic bomb detonation on July 16, 1945—reminded him of words from the Hindu scripture Bhagavad-Gita: “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” But shortly after, Oppenheimer didn’t look very contemplative to those around him; he looked like he was celebrating.“I’ll never forget his walk; I’ll never forget the way he stepped out of the car,” physicist Isidor Rabi said, according to Monk. “His walk was like High Noon… This kind of strut. He had done it.”But Oppenheimer’s feelings of elation following Trinity and the bombing of Hiroshima three weeks later changed after the bombing of Nagasaki, which he found unnecessary from a military perspective. On the contrary, he was a “nervous wreck” after the second attack on August 9, 1945, and distressed by the growing reports of casualties, according to Monk.Truman, on the other hand, maintained for the rest of his life that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki saved hundreds of thousands of Allied lives by hastening the end of the war. He repeatedly defended himself against arguments that a demonstration of the bomb in an uninhabited area might have forced Japan’s surrender without loss of life.“The president cannot duck hard problems; he cannot pass the buck,” Truman said in 1948. “I made the decision after discussions with the ablest men in our government and after long and prayerful consideration. I decided that the bomb should be used to end the war quickly and save countless lives, Japanese as well as American.”Meeting for the First TimeIn August 1945, Oppenheimer wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson expressing his concerns about the military and political consequences of atomic weapons. The following month, Oppenheimer was offered what Monk called a “golden opportunity” to play a role in the control of atomic energy policy: a one-on-one meeting with the president of the United States.Oppenheimer entered the Oval Office on October 25 at 10:30 a.m. Truman knew him by reputation as an eloquent and charismatic figure and was intrigued to meet the celebrated physicist face-to-face, according to the book American Prometheus: The Triumph Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer by Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin. Get the latest from Biography.com delivered straight to your inbox. After introductions by the new Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson, the only other person in the room, Truman began by asking for Oppenheimer’s support for the proposed May-Johnson bill, which would have given the U.S. Army permanent control over atomic energy. “The first thing is to define the national problem, then the international,” Truman said, according to Bird and Sherwin.After an uncomfortable silence, during which Truman impatiently awaited a response, Oppenheimer finally said, “Perhaps it would be best first to define the international problem.” This meant, unlike the president, Oppenheimer felt the first step was to prevent the spread of atomic weapons through international controls over atomic energy, according to Bird and Sherwin.The conversation only became more terse from there. At one point, Truman asked Oppenheimer to guess when the Soviet Union might develop their own atomic bomb. According to Monk, when the physicist said he didn’t know, Truman smirked and confidently boasted that he knew the answer: “Never.”“Blood on my Hands”Oppenheimer felt Truman’s answer was utter foolishness. As he and his fellow scientists at the Los Alamos Laboratory had previously warned, Oppenheimer knew the technology for using the energy released from nuclear fission to make a bomb wasn’t something that could be kept secret, and Russia would eventually unlock it, according to Monk.Oppenheimer already felt Truman had erred by being secretive with the Russians and gaining their trust in preparation for international collaboration of atomic weapons, Monk wrote. The physicist felt Truman’s glib comment only confirmed his fears that the United States planned to bully the Soviet Union with their new weapon, rather than work toward arms control.Noticing Oppenheimer’s hesitation, Truman asked what was wrong, prompting Oppenheimer to infamously respond: “Mr. President, I feel I have blood on my hands.” The comment infuriated Truman, who later said of his response, “I told him the blood was on my hands—to let me worry about that,” according to Bird and Sherwin. In later years, Truman embellished the story of the meeting even further. At one point, he claimed he sarcastically responded to Oppenheimer, “Never mind, it’ll all come out in the wash,” according to Bird and Sherwin. In another telling, Truman claimed he offered Oppenheimer a handkerchief, saying, “Well here, would you like to wipe your hands?”Regardless, it effectively marked the end of the meeting. The last thing Truman said as he ushered the physicist out the door was, “Don’t worry, we’re going to work something out, and you’re going to help us.” However, Oppenheimer knew he had offended the president, and any chance of collaborating with him in the future was now lost, according to Bird and Sherwin.Although often known as charming and persuasive, Oppenheimer could be antagonistic with authority figures, according to Bird and Sherwin. “Oppenheimer left Washington a chastened man,” they wrote. “His attempts to insinuate himself into the top levels of U.S. politics had failed, and in making them, he had alienated the politically active scientists he had hoped to lead.”Nevertheless, Truman awarded Oppenheimer a presidential citation and a Medal for Merit in 1946, with Stimson saying the development of the atomic bomb was “largely due to his genius and the inspiration and leadership he has given to his colleagues.”Stream Oppenheimer NowBased on the book American Prometheus by Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin, Oppenheimer follows the story of the nuclear physicist known as the father of the atomic bomb. The movie stars Cillian Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer, Emily Blunt as Kitty Oppenheimer, and Matt Damon as Manhattan Project Director Leslie Groves Jr., along with Gary Oldman as President Harry Truman. Directed by Christopher Nolan, Oppenheimer is now streaming on Prime Video and Apple TV+. 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0;}.css-18syejm{display:inline-block;gap:0px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;border:thin solid white;padding:0.625rem;font-size:0.75rem;line-height:1.3;text-transform:uppercase;font-family:Gilroy,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-roboto,Gilroy-weight800-upcase-local,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:800;letter-spacing:0.075rem;-webkit-transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:background 0.3s ease-in-out;}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-18syejm{text-align:left;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-18syejm{text-align:center;}}.css-18syejm:hover{background-color:#D4D4D4;color:#000;}.css-1vz74g1{display:inline-block;gap:0px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;border:thin solid 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Truman and J. Robert Oppenheimer" fetchpriority="high" width="2000" height="1000" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/bio-oppenheimer-and-truman-649dcfc170b6c.jpg?crop=0.5xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/bio-oppenheimer-and-truman-649dcfc170b6c.jpg?crop=0.5xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/bio-oppenheimer-and-truman-649dcfc170b6c.jpg?crop=0.5xw:1xh;center,top&resize=1120:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/bio-oppenheimer-and-truman-649dcfc170b6c.jpg?crop=0.5xw:1xh;center,top&resize=1120:*" class="css-1xo2ipk e193vzwj0"/></div><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption" class="css-1am3yn9 e1g9hcy40"><span data-theme-key="photo-credit-creditor" class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v2">Photo illustration by Tom Messina using Getty Images; texturefabrik (Textures)</span></figcaption><div class="css-1j58vks e1xxdgd71"><nav aria-label="breadcrumbs" data-lazy-parent="P0-6" class="css-0 e3morl63"><ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="css-150rlm8 e3morl62"><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/political-figures" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Famous Political Figures" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures" class="e3morl60 css-93j5lg e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Famous Political Figures</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-zxq36b e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/us-presidents" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="U.S. Presidents" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/us-presidents" class="e3morl60 css-93j5lg e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">U.S. Presidents</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"/></li><li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="css-huh8md e3morl61"><a data-theme-key="base-link" itemprop="item" href="/political-figures/a44361438/why-harry-truman-didnt-like-oppenheimer-atomic-bombs" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcrumbs" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. Robert Oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/a44361438/why-harry-truman-didnt-like-oppenheimer-atomic-bombs" class="e3morl60 css-93j5lg e1c1bym14"><span itemprop="name">Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. Robert Oppenheimer</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3"/></li></ol></nav><h1 class="css-1vcdbob e1f1sunr8"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span>Why President Harry Truman Didn’t Like J. Robert Oppenheimer<span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h1><div class="css-r37i6b e1f1sunr6"><p>The president met one-on-one with the nuclear physicist during a terse meeting that exemplified their differing views on atomic weapons.</p></div><div class="css-xst9cf e1f1sunr5"><address class="css-h18ss9 e1v8cotw2"><span data-theme-key="by-line-name" class="css-1anrfx5 e1v8cotw1">By <a data-theme-key="popover-trigger" title="Colin McEvoy" alt href="/author/262609/colin-mcevoy" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="dialog" class="er6ohko0 e1puv02z1 css-gejzhn e1c1bym14">Colin McEvoy</a></span><time class="css-gzal4i e1f1sunr4">Updated: Nov 28, 2023 3:22 PM EST</time></address></div><div class="css-1l4w6pd e1xxdgd72"><div class="no-print css-17mvcka e1f1sunr11"><div data-journey-blur="true" class="content-header-actions css-18jz25a e1f1sunr10"></div></div></div></div></div></section></header><div data-journey-hide="true" class="css-k008qs et2g3wt0"><div class="standard-container content-container article-container css-1q1kaac et2g3wt3"><div class="content-lead css-1f8o566 et2g3wt5"></div><section data-lazy-id="P0-7"><div class="css-sg34i1 e76wunf2"><p class="css-tuokxc e76wunf1"><span class="css-0 e76wunf0">We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back.</span></p></div></section><div data-journey-body="standard-article" class="article-body-content article-body standard-body-content css-4oaay7 et2g3wt6"><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="0" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Although physicist <a href="https://www.biography.com/scientists/j-robert-oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/scientists/j-robert-oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="J. Robert Oppenheimer" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a> and President <a href="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/harry-s-truman" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/harry-s-truman" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Harry S. Truman" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Harry S. Truman</a> were both pivotal figures in the development and use of the atomic bomb during World War II, the two men only met in person one time. It didn’t go well.<br/></p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="1" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Accounts differ as to the exact words spoken, but the October 25, 1945, meeting exemplified the contrasting feelings both men had regarding the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as the future of atomic weaponry. Oppenheimer famously claimed to have “blood on his hands,” during his meeting with Truman, a comment that infuriated the president.</p><div data-node-id="2" data-embed="video" class="embed aspect-ratio-16x9 css-17nhnxs e20tmgw0"><div class="__resp-container css-1ui7hop e6inl0f0"><div data-position="4" data-dock="true" data-disable-ads="false" data-sticky="false" data-muted="true" class="video-player css-guxj2g e1hzgkwu0"><div class="video-player-wrapper"><video playsinline></video></div><div class="css-1d3dqod e7hrar04"><button data-theme-key="video-play-icon-button" aria-label="Play Video" class="css-19szzr8 e7hrar00"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="24" width="24" alt="Play Icon" role="img" title="Play" class="css-ovd4yx e7hrar01"/></button><img alt="preview for Truman's Atomic Legacy" title="Video player poster image" loading="lazy" width="2000" height="1000" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/truman-thumbnail-64b983934680d.png?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/truman-thumbnail-64b983934680d.png?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/truman-thumbnail-64b983934680d.png?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=1200:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/truman-thumbnail-64b983934680d.png?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=1200:*" class="e7hrar03 css-g939jb e193vzwj0"/></div></div></div></div><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="3" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">“Blood on his hands; damn it, he hasn’t half as much blood on his hands as I have. You just don’t go around bellyaching about it,” Truman said, according to the book <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Oppenheimer-Life-Inside-Center/dp/0385722044?tag=bio-auto-20" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0385722044" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center" data-vars-ga-product-id="176746df-998e-443b-a4a6-4fa369d33e02" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0385722044" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0385722044" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Oppenheimer-Life-Inside-Center/dp/0385722044?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/WAW8/amazon-robert-oppenheimer-a-life-inside","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Oppenheimer-Life-Inside-Center/dp/0385722044?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Anchor" data-vars-ga-product-price="$18.28" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="89f07095-bb58-499b-8c4d-d6586aa27d30" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Anchor" data-vars-ga-link-treatment="sale | (not set)" class="body-link product-links css-1dhrel9 e1aq0z090">Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center</a></em> by Ray Monk. He called Oppenheimer a “cry-baby scientist” and said, “I don’t want to see that son of a b–– in this office ever again.” </p><section data-embed="watch-next" data-lazy-id="P0-8" data-node-id="4" class="embed"></section><h2 data-node-id="5" class="body-h2 css-1aenskv emevuu60">Two Men, Two Different Attitudes</h2><section data-embed="body-image" data-lazy-id="P0-9" data-node-id="6" class="embed"><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" class="align-center size-medium embed css-6i9ia4 e1fodxfw4"><div class="css-uwraif e1fodxfw3"><img alt="a black and white photo of j robert oppenheimer, wearing a suit and sitting at a table, speaking to someone off camera" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer at a 1945 Senate committee hearing" loading="lazy" width="3234" height="2612" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/nuclear-physicist-julius-robert-oppenheimer-director-of-the-news-photo-1687892838.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/nuclear-physicist-julius-robert-oppenheimer-director-of-the-news-photo-1687892838.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/nuclear-physicist-julius-robert-oppenheimer-director-of-the-news-photo-1687892838.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/nuclear-physicist-julius-robert-oppenheimer-director-of-the-news-photo-1687892838.jpg?resize=980:*" class="css-0 e193vzwj0"/><div class="css-swqnqv e1fodxfw2"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption" class="css-1am3yn9 e1g9hcy40"><span class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v1">Getty Images</span></figcaption><div data-element="caption" class="css-epdiso e1fodxfw1">J. Robert Oppenheimer testifies before the Special Senate Committee on Atomic Energy in 1945.</div></div></div></div></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="7" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Oppenheimer is famous for having said the Trinity test—the first successful atomic bomb detonation on July 16, 1945—<a href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/manhattan-project-robert-oppenheimer" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/manhattan-project-robert-oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="reminded him of words" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">reminded him of words</a> from the Hindu scripture Bhagavad-Gita: “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” But shortly after, Oppenheimer didn’t look very contemplative to those around him; he looked like he was celebrating.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="8" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">“I’ll never forget his walk; I’ll never forget the way he stepped out of the car,” physicist Isidor Rabi said, according to Monk. “His walk was like <em>High Noon</em>… This kind of strut. He had done it.”</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="9" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">But Oppenheimer’s feelings of elation following Trinity and the bombing of Hiroshima three weeks later changed after the bombing of Nagasaki, which he found unnecessary from a military perspective. On the contrary, he was a “nervous wreck” after the second attack on August 9, 1945, and distressed by the growing reports of casualties, according to Monk.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="10" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Truman, on the other hand, maintained for the rest of his life that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki saved hundreds of thousands of Allied lives by hastening the end of the war. He repeatedly defended himself against arguments that a demonstration of the bomb in an uninhabited area might have forced Japan’s surrender without loss of life.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="11" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">“The president cannot duck hard problems; he cannot pass the buck,” <a href="https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/239/address-milwaukee-wisconsin" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/public-papers/239/address-milwaukee-wisconsin" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Truman said in 1948" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Truman said in 1948</a>. “I made the decision after discussions with the ablest men in our government and after long and prayerful consideration. I decided that the bomb should be used to end the war quickly and save countless lives, Japanese as well as American.”</p><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-10" data-node-id="12" class="embed"><aside class="css-1bcp5is e94w1mj9"><h6 class="css-1o43tej e94w1mj7"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Read More about Oppenheimer and Truman</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h6><ul class="css-c4s2gi e94w1mj8"><li class="css-1mti1bk e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/scientists/a46631950/j-robert-oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="J. Robert Oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/scientists/a46631950/j-robert-oppenheimer" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-640458751.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.502xh;0,0.154xh&resize=300:*" alt="j robert oppenheimer looks at the camera with a neutral expression on his face in a black and white photo, he wears a dark suit with a white collared shirt and dark tie" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">J. Robert Oppenheimer</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li><li class="css-1mti1bk e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/political-figures/a89581838/harry-s-truman" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Harry S. Truman" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/a89581838/harry-s-truman" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/president-harry-s-truman-seated-at-his-desk-holding-a-pencil-getty.jpg?crop=1xw:0.5xh;center,top&resize=300:*" alt="Harry S. Truman" title="Harry S. Truman" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Harry S. Truman</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li></ul></aside></section><h2 data-node-id="13" class="body-h2 css-1aenskv emevuu60">Meeting for the First Time</h2><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="14" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">In August 1945, Oppenheimer wrote to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson expressing his concerns about the military and political consequences of atomic weapons. The following month, Oppenheimer was offered what Monk called a “golden opportunity” to play a role in the control of atomic energy policy: a one-on-one meeting with the <a href="https://www.biography.com/us-presidents" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/us-presidents" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="president of the United States" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">president of the United States</a>.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="15" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Oppenheimer entered the Oval Office on October 25 at 10:30 a.m. Truman knew him by reputation as an eloquent and charismatic figure and was intrigued to meet the celebrated physicist face-to-face, according to the book <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268?tag=bio-auto-20" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="American Prometheus: The Triumph & Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-product-id="be9ab88b-571e-400f-9a83-a4ec143f55ff" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/eFe0/amazon-american-prometheus-the-inspiration-for","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-product-price="$12.23" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="55e8353d-0598-4292-a889-64be8ac46e71" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-link-treatment="sale | (not set)" class="body-link product-links css-1dhrel9 e1aq0z090">American Prometheus: The Triumph & Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer</a></em> by Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin. </p><hr data-node-id="16" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><section data-lazy-id="P0-11" data-node-id="17" class="embed"><div class="css-1hhr1pq e1uzgcys0"><h2 class="body-h4 css-1apiy9g emevuu60">Get the latest from Biography.com <a href="https://www.biography.com/email/biography-newsletter" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/email/biography-newsletter" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="delivered straight to your inbox" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">delivered straight to your inbox</a>. </h2></div></section><hr data-node-id="18" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="19" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">After introductions by the new Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson, the only other person in the room, Truman began by asking for Oppenheimer’s support for the proposed May-Johnson bill, which would have given the U.S. Army permanent control over atomic energy. “The first thing is to define the national problem, then the international,” Truman said, according to Bird and Sherwin.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="20" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">After an uncomfortable silence, during which Truman impatiently awaited a response, Oppenheimer finally said, “Perhaps it would be best first to define the international problem.” This meant, unlike the president, Oppenheimer felt the first step was to prevent the spread of atomic weapons through international controls over atomic energy, according to Bird and Sherwin.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="21" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">The conversation only became more terse from there. At one point, Truman asked Oppenheimer to guess when the Soviet Union might develop their own atomic bomb. According to Monk, when the physicist said he didn’t know, Truman smirked and confidently boasted that he knew the answer: “Never.”</p><h2 data-node-id="22" class="body-h2 css-1aenskv emevuu60">“Blood on my Hands”</h2><section data-embed="body-image" data-lazy-id="P0-12" data-node-id="23" class="embed"><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" class="align-center size-medium embed css-6i9ia4 e1fodxfw4"><div class="css-uwraif e1fodxfw3"><img alt="a mushroom cloud over the city of nagasaki in japan" title="Devastation after the nuclear bombing of Nagasaki, Japan" loading="lazy" width="5100" height="3946" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent;width:100%;height:auto;" sizes="100vw" srcset="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/the-nuclear-bombing-of-nagasaki-japan-9th-august-1945-news-photo-1687892963.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/the-nuclear-bombing-of-nagasaki-japan-9th-august-1945-news-photo-1687892963.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/the-nuclear-bombing-of-nagasaki-japan-9th-august-1945-news-photo-1687892963.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w" src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/the-nuclear-bombing-of-nagasaki-japan-9th-august-1945-news-photo-1687892963.jpg?resize=980:*" class="css-0 e193vzwj0"/><div class="css-swqnqv e1fodxfw2"><figcaption data-theme-key="photo-credit-figcaption" class="css-1am3yn9 e1g9hcy40"><span class="css-wuot6e e1geg53v1">Getty Images</span></figcaption><div data-element="caption" class="css-epdiso e1fodxfw1">The nuclear bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, 1945</div></div></div></div></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="24" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Oppenheimer felt Truman’s answer was utter foolishness. As he and his fellow scientists at the Los Alamos Laboratory had previously warned, Oppenheimer knew the technology for using the energy released from nuclear fission to make a bomb wasn’t something that could be kept secret, and Russia would eventually unlock it, according to Monk.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="25" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Oppenheimer already felt Truman had erred by being secretive with the Russians and gaining their trust in preparation for international collaboration of atomic weapons, Monk wrote. The physicist felt Truman’s glib comment only confirmed his fears that the United States planned to bully the Soviet Union with their new weapon, rather than work toward arms control.</p><section data-embed="editorial-link" data-lazy-id="P0-13" data-node-id="26" class="embed"><aside class="css-1bcp5is e94w1mj9"><h6 class="css-1o43tej e94w1mj7"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Related Stories</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h6><ul class="css-c4s2gi e94w1mj8"><li class="css-1mti1bk e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/history-culture/a44577392/tsutomu-yamaguchi-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-bombing-survivor" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="The Man Who Survived Both Atomic Bombings" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/history-culture/a44577392/tsutomu-yamaguchi-hiroshima-and-nagasaki-bombing-survivor" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/tsutomu-yamaguchi-subject-of-the-film-nijuuhibaku-twice-news-photo-1689794262.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.359xh;0,0.0967xh&resize=300:*" alt="tsutomo yamaguchi sits in a chair and holds a microphone, he looks out with a neutral expression on his face, he wears a black polo shirt and watch" title="Tsutomo Yamaguchi, survivor of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">The Man Who Survived Both Atomic Bombings</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li><li class="css-1mti1bk e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/scientists/a44402742/albert-einstein-role-in-the-atomic-bomb" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Albert Einstein’s Role in the Atomic Bomb" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/scientists/a44402742/albert-einstein-role-in-the-atomic-bomb" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/physicist-albert-einstein-news-photo-1688158260.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.712xh;0,0.0907xh&resize=300:*" alt="albert einstein sitting at a desk, wearing a suit and tie, looking directly at the camera" title="Physicist Albert Einstein" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Albert Einstein’s Role in the Atomic Bomb</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li><li class="css-1mti1bk e94w1mj6"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/scientists/a44496766/jean-tatlock-oppenheimer-relationship" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Jean Tatlock: The Woman Oppenheimer Loved" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Editorial Links" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/scientists/a44496766/jean-tatlock-oppenheimer-relationship" class="css-1bn7a5e e1c1bym14"><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-before" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/jean-tatlock-thumbnail-64b01d5ccce7f.png?crop=0.889xw:0.790xh;0.0593xw,0.173xh&resize=300:*" alt="jean tatlock and j robert oppenheimer" title="Jean Tatlock and J. Robert Oppeneheimer&amp;rsquo;s relationship" width="120" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-1l0uuk1 e94w1mj4"/><span class="css-8lle59 e94w1mj5">Jean Tatlock: The Woman Oppenheimer Loved</span><span aria-hidden="true" data-theme-key="title-design-element-after" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></a></li></ul></aside></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="27" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Noticing Oppenheimer’s hesitation, Truman asked what was wrong, prompting Oppenheimer to infamously respond: “Mr. President, I feel I have blood on my hands.” The comment infuriated Truman, who later said of his response, “I told him the blood was on my hands—to let me worry about that,” according to Bird and Sherwin.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="28" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60"> In later years, Truman embellished the story of the meeting even further. At one point, he claimed he sarcastically responded to Oppenheimer, “Never mind, it’ll all come out in the wash,” according to Bird and Sherwin. In another telling, Truman claimed he offered Oppenheimer a handkerchief, saying, “Well here, would you like to wipe your hands?”</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="29" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Regardless, it effectively marked the end of the meeting. The last thing Truman said as he ushered the physicist out the door was, “Don’t worry, we’re going to work something out, and you’re going to help us.” However, Oppenheimer knew he had offended the president, and any chance of collaborating with him in the future was now lost, according to Bird and Sherwin.</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="30" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Although often known as charming and persuasive, Oppenheimer could be antagonistic with authority figures, according to Bird and Sherwin. “Oppenheimer left Washington a chastened man,” they wrote. “His attempts to insinuate himself into the top levels of U.S. politics had failed, and in making them, he had alienated the politically active scientists he had hoped to lead.”</p><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="31" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60">Nevertheless, Truman awarded Oppenheimer a presidential citation and a Medal for Merit in 1946, <a href="https://www.jta.org/archive/j-robert-oppenheimer-award-winning-nuclear-physicist-dead-at-62" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.jta.org/archive/j-robert-oppenheimer-award-winning-nuclear-physicist-dead-at-62" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="with Stimson saying" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">with Stimson saying</a> the development of the atomic bomb was “largely due to his genius and the inspiration and leadership he has given to his colleagues.”</p><hr data-node-id="32" class="css-18pb4rg emevuu60"/><h2 data-node-id="33" class="body-h3 css-v29hju emevuu60">Stream <em>Oppenheimer</em> Now</h2><section data-embed="youtube" data-lazy-id="P0-14" data-node-id="34" class="embed"><div data-embed="youtube"><section data-lazy-parent="P0-14" class="embed"><div data-embed="youtube" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ekrjau21"><div class="css-nnemls ekrjau20"><img data-dynamic-svg="true" src="/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/youtube.ce3e1ae.svg?primary=currentColor&id=link-out-embed" loading="lazy" data-testid="dynamic-svg-base" height="auto" width="auto" alt="youtube" class="css-1msakm2 ekrjau22"/><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" data-theme-key="base-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYPbbksJxIg" aria-label="View full post on Youtube" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Youtube</a></div></div></section></div></section><p data-journey-content="true" data-node-id="35" class="css-1nd4gv7 emevuu60"><em></em>Based on the book <em><a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268?tag=bio-auto-20" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="American Prometheus" data-vars-ga-product-id="be9ab88b-571e-400f-9a83-a4ec143f55ff" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/eFe0/amazon-american-prometheus-the-inspiration-for","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/dp/0375726268?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-product-price="$12.23" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="55e8353d-0598-4292-a889-64be8ac46e71" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Vintage" data-vars-ga-link-treatment="sale | (not set)" class="body-link product-links css-1dhrel9 e1aq0z090">American Prometheus</a></em> by Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin, <em>Oppenheimer</em> follows the story of the nuclear physicist known as the father of the atomic bomb. The movie stars <a href="https://www.biography.com/actors/a44535365/cillian-murphy" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/actors/a44535365/cillian-murphy" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Cillian Murphy" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Cillian Murphy</a> as <a href="https://www.biography.com/scientists/j-robert-oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/scientists/j-robert-oppenheimer" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="J. Robert Oppenheimer" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">J. Robert Oppenheimer</a>, <a href="https://www.biography.com/actors/emily-blunt" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/actors/emily-blunt" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Emily Blunt" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Emily Blunt</a> as Kitty Oppenheimer, and <a href="https://www.biography.com/actors/matt-damon" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/actors/matt-damon" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Matt Damon" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Matt Damon</a> as Manhattan Project Director Leslie Groves Jr., along with <a href="https://www.biography.com/actors/gary-oldman" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/actors/gary-oldman" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Gary Oldman" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Gary Oldman</a> as <a href="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/harry-s-truman" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/political-figures/harry-s-truman" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="President Harry Truman" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">President Harry Truman</a>. Directed by <a href="https://www.biography.com/movies-tv/christopher-nolan" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.biography.com/movies-tv/christopher-nolan" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Christopher Nolan" class="body-link css-1dhrel9 emevuu60">Christopher Nolan</a>, <em>Oppenheimer</em> is now streaming on <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Oppenheimer-Cillian-Murphy/dp/B0CKRY4Z3J?tag=bio-auto-20" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://www.amazon.com/Oppenheimer-Cillian-Murphy/dp/B0CKRY4Z3J" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Prime Video" data-vars-ga-product-id="22b2e558-a327-4764-93b0-6e15b8c7f3a6" data-href="https://www.amazon.com/Oppenheimer-Cillian-Murphy/dp/B0CKRY4Z3J" data-product-url="https://www.amazon.com/Oppenheimer-Cillian-Murphy/dp/B0CKRY4Z3J" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://www.amazon.com/Oppenheimer-Cillian-Murphy/dp/B0CKRY4Z3J?tag=bio-auto-20" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/WAW6/www-amazon-com-product-not-found-500-https-www-amazon-com-oppenheimer-cillian-murphy-dp-b0ckry4z3j","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Amazon"},"metadata":{"links":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/Oppenheimer-Cillian-Murphy/dp/B0CKRY4Z3J?tag=bio-auto-20"}}}" data-vars-ga-product-price="$0.00" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="962acfc5-a694-4c90-a1be-4c4a03b4fa2c" data-vars-ga-link-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" class="body-link product-links css-1dhrel9 e1aq0z090">Prime Video</a> and <a href="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=74968X1712615&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftv.apple.com%2Fus%2Fmovie%2Foppenheimer%2Fumc.cmc.5gylew9icuhfiifdv3oxwxen8" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" data-vars-ga-outbound-link="https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/oppenheimer/umc.cmc.5gylew9icuhfiifdv3oxwxen8" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlink" data-vars-ga-call-to-action="Apple TV+" data-vars-ga-product-id="d3ab69e3-793a-45cc-9c10-56506459ec59" data-href="https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/oppenheimer/umc.cmc.5gylew9icuhfiifdv3oxwxen8" data-product-url="https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/oppenheimer/umc.cmc.5gylew9icuhfiifdv3oxwxen8" data-affiliate="true" data-affiliate-url="https://go.redirectingat.com?id=74968X1712615&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftv.apple.com%2Fus%2Fmovie%2Foppenheimer%2Fumc.cmc.5gylew9icuhfiifdv3oxwxen8" data-affiliate-network="{"afflink_redirect":"/_p/afflink/WAW4/apple-oppenheimer-applea-tv","site_id":"73ce8f33-abd8-4d76-b5c7-1c72caf717ce","network":{"name":"Skimlinks"}}" data-vars-ga-product-price="$0.00" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="d138fa4f-a601-4578-9cb9-498b74c92d5c" data-vars-ga-link-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" class="body-link product-links css-1dhrel9 e1aq0z090">Apple TV+</a>. </p><div data-journey-blur="partial" data-ad-exclude="true" class="css-19m4yzp e1jy25xv0"><div class="css-sfzxfp ev8dhu59"><span class="css-3mrz81 ev8dhu51"><img src="https://hips.hearstapps.com/rover/profile_photos/7b0fd6ec-180e-4db7-98aa-b972ecefdf97_1675802159.file?fill=1:1&resize=120:*" alt="Headshot of Colin McEvoy" title="Headshot of Colin McEvoy" width="100%" height="100%" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v ev8dhu53"/></span><div class="css-gorqpr ev8dhu58"><span class="css-0 ev8dhu56"><a data-theme-key="base-link" href="/author/262609/colin-mcevoy" class="e1c1bym13 css-1u4yww4 e1c1bym14"><span>Colin McEvoy</span></a></span><div class="css-anqsjp ev8dhu57">Senior News Editor, Biography.com</div></div><div class="css-1dsojn8 ev8dhu55"><div class="css-4gdkqa ev8dhu54"><p>Colin McEvoy joined the <em>Biography.com</em> staff in 2023, and before that had spent 16 years as a journalist, writer, and communications professional. 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He called Oppenheimer a “cry-baby scientist” and said, “I don’t want to see that son of a b–– in this office ever again.” ","type":"text"}],"name":"p","attribs":{"data-journey-content":true},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"watch-next","attribs":{},"type":"tag"},{"children":[{"data":"Two Men, Two Different Attitudes","type":"text"}],"name":"h2","attribs":{"class":"body-h2"},"type":"tag"},{"children":[],"name":"image","attribs":{"id":"bf9546e3-07e0-4440-af91-7e9a2e745b28","mediaid":"5201f70c-2381-456c-b53b-0c2c17bc5721","align":"center","size":"medium","share":"false","caption":"J. Robert Oppenheimer testifies before the Special Senate Committee on Atomic Energy in 1945.","expand":"","crop":"original","first":true},"type":"tag","response":{"captionDom":{"children":[{"data":"J. 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