Public Buildings - About Tunnelling

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class="moduletable"> <div aria-label="Fil d'Ariane" role="navigation"> <ul itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="active"> <span class="divider icon-location"></span> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/en/use-of-underground-spaces" class="pathway"><span itemprop="name">Use of underground spaces</span></a> <span class="divider"> > </span> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name"> Other Subsurface Facilities </span> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix item-page" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <meta itemprop="inLanguage" content="en-GB" /> <div class="page-header"> <h1> Public Buildings </h1> </div> <ul class="pager pagenav"> <li class="next"> <a class="hasTooltip" title="Goods Storage" aria-label="Next article: Goods Storage" href="/en/use-of-underground-spaces/other-subsurfaces-facilities/goods-storage" rel="next"> <span aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="icon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> </ul> <div itemprop="articleBody"><a href="/en/use-of-underground-spaces/other-subsurfaces-facilities/public-buildings?tmpl=component&format=pdf" onclick="window.open(this.href,'win2','status=no,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,titlebar=no,menubar=no,resizable=yes,width=640,height=480,directories=no,location=no'); return false;" title="PDF" rel="nofollow" class="pdfButton"><img src="/templates/about-tunnelling/images/system/pdf_button.png"></a> <img class="imgLeft" src="/images/visuels/public/3_use/4_other/1_public_1.jpg" alt="Temppeliaukio Kirkko Helsinki" title="Temppeliaukio Kirkko Helsinki" /> <p> In a growing number of cases, public buildings are being built <span class="mytool"><abbr title="Below ground level">underground</abbr></span> in some of the major cities all over the world. On some occasions, when not just isolated particular buildings are made underground, but a network of <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A tunnel, strictly speaking, is a subterranean passage open at both ends. Often used as a synonym for adit, drift or gallery">tunnels</abbr></span> that connect the different buildings is also excavated, the term underground city is used. </p> <p> These underground cities might include a wide array of <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A length of tunnel that is floated and immersed as a single rigid unit.">elements</abbr></span>, like office blocks, shopping malls, train and <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A rail-based urban mass transport system -- usually with a substantial portion of the route length underground">metro</abbr></span> stations, theatres, and other attractions. An underground city can usually be accessed through the public space of any of the buildings connecting to it, and sometimes has separate entries as well. </p> <p> Underground cities are especially important in cities with cold climates, as they permit the downtown core to be comfortably accessible year <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A cycle of rock excavation consisting of drilling blast holes, loading, firing, and then mucking.">round</abbr></span> without regard to the weather. </p> <p> Amongst all examples possibly the most famous underground cities are Montreal's R脡SO, the largest underground city network in the world; Toronto's PATH, which according to Guinness World Records is the largest underground shopping complex in the world and Japan's underground networks which are the most extensive overall with an estimated 76 underground shopping streets. </p> <h3>More info:</h3> <ul> <li> <a target="_blank" title="Opens external link in new window" href="http://www.aviewoncities.com/montreal/reso.htm">Underground City / La Ville Souterraine (R脡SO) Montreal</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" title="Opens external link in new window" href="http://www.osaka-info.jp/en/search/detail/shopping_5197.html">Crysta Nagahori Osaka</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  </main> </div>  <script src="https://www.ita-aites.org/Common/sponsors.js?1732405959"></script> </div> </div>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ita-aites.org/Common/footer.css?1732405959" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://www.ita-aites.org/Common/footer.js?1732405959"></script> </body> </html>

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Public Buildings - About Tunnelling - ITA-AITES