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return false;" title="PDF" rel="nofollow" class="pdfButton"><img src="/templates/about-tunnelling/images/system/pdf_button.png"></a> <p>In this part we both try to highlight some major tunnelling projects all over the world and also to give a brief history of the tunnelling construction from the early ages to the time being.</p> <ul class="links"> <li><a href="/en/cases-histories/images-gallery" title="Images gallery">Images gallery</a></li> </ul> <div class="bloc accordion pull-left clearL"> <h2>History</h2> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse1">Ancient Period</a></h3> <div id="collapse1" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>Already in the 40'000 b.C., Neandertal men excavated manually the ground in what is considered today the oldest mine ever done, in the Bomvu hill, Swaziland.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/history/ancient-period" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse2">XIX Century (before 1914)</a></h3> <div id="collapse2" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>The experience acquired in tunneling engineering due to canal construction during the XVIII century paved the way for the big development in <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A tunnel, strictly speaking, is a subterranean passage open at both ends. Often used as a synonym for adit, drift or gallery">tunnel</abbr></span> construction that came along with the industrial revolution and the boom in railway transportation.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/history/xix-century" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="spaced"> <h3><a href="/en/cases-histories/history/first-half-of-the-20th-century" hreflang="en">1914 -1950</a></h3> </div> <div class="spaced"> <h3><a href="/en/cases-histories/history/1950-1980" hreflang="en">1950 - 1980</a></h3> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse3">After 1980</a></h3> <div id="collapse3" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>After 1980, a new leap in tunnel engineering is made due to the quickly generalization of high speed railway lines, which need strictly low steepness <span class="mytool"><abbr title="Maximum price that would be paid to obtain a good. It is generally a function of the quantity of this good already possessed or already consumed">values</abbr></span> and very long radius for curves, leading to long and deep tunnels.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/history/after-1980" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bloc accordion pull-left"> <div class="accordion-group clearfix first"> <h2><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse4">Cases</a></h2> <div id="collapse4" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>In this section of the site, you will find cases that are described as deeply as possible. They have been chosen due to their characteristics during the construction phase or for their final use.</p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse5">Trans Tokyo Bay - Japan</a></h3> <div id="collapse5" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>The Trans-Tokyo Bay Highway, also known as the Tokyo Bay Aqualine, is a 15.1 km marine crossing through the middle of Tokyo Bay connecting Kawasaki City in Kanagawa Prefecture with Kisarazu City in Chiba Prefecture on the Boso Peninsular.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/transbay-tokyo" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse6">Calle 30 – M30 Madrid</a></h3> <div id="collapse6" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>The Madrid M30 motorway, the inner ring road of the city, has been at the centre of a major urban renewal project where the motorway has been redirected <span class="mytool"><abbr title="Below ground level">underground</abbr></span>.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/m30-madrid" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse7">Gotthard Base Tunnel GBT</a></h3> <div id="collapse7" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is a railway tunnel under construction in Switzerland</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/gotthard-base-tunnel" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse8">Boston's Central Artery/Tunnel (CA/T)</a></h3> <div id="collapse8" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>Recognized as the largest, most complex, and technologically challenging highway project in the history of the United States, the Central Artery/Tunnel Project significantly reduced <span class="mytool"><abbr title="Coming or going of persons or goods">traffic</abbr></span> congestion and improved mobility in one of America's oldest and most congested major cities.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/boston-s-central-artery" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse9">Cairo Metro</a></h3> <div id="collapse9" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>Greater Cairo underground <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A rail-based urban mass transport system -- usually with a substantial portion of the route length underground">metro</abbr></span> is considered one of the most important national projects executed in the Republic during the second half of the twentieth century.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/cairo-metro" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse10">Seikan tunnel - Japan</a></h3> <div id="collapse10" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>In 1954, a typhoon sank five ferry boats in Japan's Tsugaru Strait and killed 1,430 people. In response to public outrage, the Japanese government searched for a safer way to cross the dangerous strait.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/seikan-tunnel" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse11">Seoul metro - Korea</a></h3> <div id="collapse11" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>The Seoul Metropolitan <span class="mytool"><abbr title="A underground pedestrian tunnel beneath a street. A metro system">Subway</abbr></span> is one of the most heavily used rapid transit systems in the world, with well over 8 million trips daily on the system's ten lines totaling 287 km.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/seoul-metro" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> <div class="accordion-group clearfix"> <h3><a class="accordion-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse12">SMART - Malaysia</a></h3> <div id="collapse12" class="accordion-body collapse"> <p>Malaysia Kuala Lumpur’s Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) is a unique solution to the Malaysian capital’s long-term traffic and stormwater management problems and the first tunnel of its kind in the world.</p> <a class="readMore" href="/en/cases-histories/case/smart-malaysia" hreflang="en">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </main> </div>  <script src="https://www.ita-aites.org/Common/sponsors.js?1732713372"></script> </div> </div>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.ita-aites.org/Common/footer.css?1732713372" type="text/css" /> <script src="https://www.ita-aites.org/Common/footer.js?1732713372"></script> </body> </html>