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id="toc-Naming_and_etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lexicology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexicology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Lexicology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexicology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Third Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Fourth Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_Caliphate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Caliphate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Fifth Caliphate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Caliphate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_beliefs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_beliefs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Summary of beliefs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_beliefs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_of_faith" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_of_faith"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Articles of faith</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Articles_of_faith-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Articles of faith subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Articles_of_faith-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unity_of_God" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unity_of_God"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Unity of God</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unity_of_God-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Angels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Angels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Angels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Angels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prophets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prophets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Prophets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prophets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Day_of_Judgement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Day_of_Judgement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Day of Judgement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Day_of_Judgement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divine_decree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divine_decree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Divine decree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divine_decree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Five_pillars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Five_pillars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Five pillars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Five_pillars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinct_teachings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinct_teachings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Distinct teachings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distinct_teachings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Distinct teachings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Distinct_teachings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_Coming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Coming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Second Coming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Coming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seal_of_Prophets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seal_of_Prophets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Seal of Prophets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seal_of_Prophets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jihad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jihad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Jihad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jihad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abrogation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abrogation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Abrogation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abrogation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Religion and science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyclical_nature_of_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyclical_nature_of_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Cyclical nature of history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyclical_nature_of_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizational_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizational_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Organizational structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organizational structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organizational_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Caliph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Caliph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>The Caliph</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Caliph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Consultative_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Consultative_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>The Consultative Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Consultative_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>The Headquarters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auxiliary_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auxiliary_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Auxiliary organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auxiliary_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>The Community</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Annual events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persecution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persecution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Persecution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persecution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmadiyya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 72 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجماعة الأحمدية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجماعة الأحمدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fhm%C9%99diyy%C9%99" title="Əhmədiyyə – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əhmədiyyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="আহ্‌মদীয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আহ্‌মদীয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%85%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Әхмәдилек – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әхмәдилек" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedije" title="Ahmedije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ahmedije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadia" title="Ahmadia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ahmadia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%C3%ADja" title="Ahmadíja – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ahmadíja" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%87%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Αχμαντίγια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αχμαντίγια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidad_Ahmad%C3%ADa" title="Comunidad Ahmadía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Comunidad Ahmadía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadismo" title="Ahmadismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ahmadismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="احمدیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="احمدیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadisme" title="Ahmadisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ahmadisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadach" title="Ahmadach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ahmadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%9D%90%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C%ED%8C%8C" title="아흐마드파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아흐마드파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अहमदिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अहमदिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedije" title="Ahmedije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ahmedije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiy%D0%B0h" title="Ahmadiyаh – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ahmadiyаh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אחמדים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אחמדים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyyah" title="Ahmadiyyah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ahmadiyyah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="აჰმადია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აჰმადია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ахмадия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ахмадия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ахмадия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ахмадия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiji" title="Ahmadiji – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ahmadiji" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadijja" title="Ahmadijja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ahmadijja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Ахмадија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ахмадија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadisma" title="Ahmadisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ahmadisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="അഹമദിയ്യ പ്രസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അഹമദിയ്യ പ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="अहमदिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अहमदिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%87" title="احمديه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="احمديه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyyah" title="Ahmadiyyah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ahmadiyyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC" title="အဟ်မဒီယာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဟ်မဒီယာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya_(geloofsgemeenschap)" title="Ahmadiyya (geloofsgemeenschap) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ahmadiyya (geloofsgemeenschap)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A4" title="アフマディーヤ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフマディーヤ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%80%E0%AD%9F" title="ଆହମ୍ମଦୀୟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆହମ୍ମଦୀୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiya" title="Ahmadiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ahmadiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਅਹਿਮਦੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਹਿਮਦੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81" title="احمدیہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="احمدیہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="احمديت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="احمديت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadijja" title="Ahmadijja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ahmadijja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunidade_Ahmadi" title="Comunidade Ahmadi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Comunidade Ahmadi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ахмадие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ахмадие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="احمدیت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="احمدیت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmedijati" title="Ahmedijati – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ahmedijati" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="අඃමදියා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අඃමදියා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="احمدي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="احمدي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%C3%ADja" title="Ahmadíja – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ahmadíja" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadija" title="Ahmadija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ahmadija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ئەحمەدی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەحمەدی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ahmadiyya" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmaddiya" title="Ahmaddiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ahmaddiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="அகமதியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அகமதியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%E1%B8%A5madeyya" title="Aḥmadeyya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aḥmadeyya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84xm%C3%A4diy%C3%A4" title="Äxmädiyä – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Äxmädiyä" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аҳмадия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аҳмадия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%C3%AElik" title="Ahmedîlik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ahmedîlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ахмадія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ахмадія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81" title="احمدیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="احمدیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%93%88%E9%BB%98%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E%E6%9C%83" 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class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Messianic movement within Islam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ahmadi" redirects here. For the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Ahmadi_(surname)" title="Ahmadi (surname)">Ahmadi (surname)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ahmadi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ahmadi (disambiguation)">Ahmadi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ahmedi" redirects here. For the Ottoman poet, see <a href="/wiki/Taceddin_Ahmedi" title="Taceddin Ahmedi">Taceddin Ahmedi</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:88%; line-height:200%;"><span style="font-size:115%;"><span class="nobold">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmadiyya" title="Category:Ahmadiyya">a series</a> on</span></span> <br /><span style="font-size:200%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmadiyya</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/175px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/263px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/350px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">Beliefs and practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_(concept)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iman (concept)">Six articles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya)">Bay'ah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Distinct views</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_view_on_Jihad" title="Ahmadiyya view on Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_views_on_evolution" title="Ahmadiyya views on evolution">Evolution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Days of remembrance</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_Day" title="Caliphate Day">Caliphate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Messiah_Day" title="Promised Messiah Day">Promised Messiah Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Reformer_Day" title="Promised Reformer Day">Promised Reformer Day</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Foundational texts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">sciences</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(creed)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(exegesis)</span></a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(jurisprudence)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(law)</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography"><i>Rūhānī Khazā᾽in</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafseer-e-Kabeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafseer-e-Kabeer"><i>Tafsīr-e-Kabīr</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqaiq_al-furqan" title="Haqaiq al-furqan"><i>Haqā'iq al-Furqān</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Review_of_Religions" title="Review of Religions">Review of Religions</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Fazl_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Fazl (newspaper)"><i>Al Fazl</i> (newspaper)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muslim_Sunrise" title="The Muslim Sunrise">The Muslim Sunrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revelation,_Rationality,_Knowledge_%26_Truth" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth">Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Organizational structure</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Caliphs:</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din" title="Hakeem Noor-ud-Din">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Nasir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Nasir Ahmad">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">V</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#The_Consultative_Council">Majlis al-Shura </a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lajna_Ima%27illah" title="Lajna Ima'illah">Lajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuddam-ul_Ahmadiyya" title="Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya">Khuddām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarullah_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Ansarullah (Ahmadiyya)">Ansār</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadiyya_buildings_and_structures" title="List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ahmadiyya" title="Jamia Ahmadiyya">Jamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International">MTA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Key sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Hijaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">Al-Masjid an-Nabawi</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazl_Mosque,_London" title="Fazl Mosque, London">Fazl Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitul_Futuh_Mosque" title="Baitul Futuh Mosque">Baitul Futuh Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Mosque,_Tilford" title="Mubarak Mosque, Tilford">Mubarak Mosque</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqsa_Mosque,_Qadian" title="Aqsa Mosque, Qadian">Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaret-ul-Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Minaret-ul-Masih">Minaret-ul-Masih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Mosque,_Qadian" title="Mubarak Mosque, Qadian">Mubarak Mosque</a></li></ul> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Rabwah" title="Rabwah">Rabwah</a></b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqsa_Mosque,_Rabwah" title="Aqsa Mosque, Rabwah">Aqsa Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ahmadiyya" title="Jamia Ahmadiyya">Jamia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Miscellaneous</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">Ahmadiyya by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_and_other_faiths" title="Ahmadiyya and other faiths">Ahmadiyya and other faiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadis" title="List of Ahmadis">List of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_First" title="Humanity First">Humanity First</a> (NGO Charity)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_translations_of_the_Quran" title="Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran">Ahmadiyya translations of the Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roza_Bal" title="Roza Bal">Roza Bal</a> (Tomb of Jesus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Mari_da_Ashtan" title="Mai Mari da Ashtan">Mai Mari da Ashtan</a> (Tomb of Mary)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/110px-Allah3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/165px-Allah3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Allah3.svg/220px-Allah3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="313" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)" title="Iman (Islam)">Beliefs</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Oneness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revealed Books</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Day of Resurrection</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Islamic_texts" title="List of Islamic texts">Texts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Foundations</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Sirah</a></i>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir"><i>Tafsir</i> (exegesis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah"><i>Aqidah</i> (creed)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas_al-Anbiya" title="Qisas al-Anbiya"><i>Qisas al-Anbiya</i> ("Stories of the Prophets")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathnawi" title="Mathnawi">Mathnawi</a> (Poems)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh"><i>Fiqh</i> (jurisprudence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia"><i>Sharia</i> (law)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Islamic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Islamic history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahabah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rashidun</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Imamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval Islamic science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam" title="Spread of Islam">Spread of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">society</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content 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href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Islam" title="Education in Islam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_possession_and_exorcism_in_Islam" title="Spirit possession and exorcism in Islam">Exorcism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a></li> <li><a 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military jurisprudence">Military laws</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam" title="Glossary of Islam">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ahmadiyya</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at</b> (<b>AMJ</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> messianic<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> movement originating in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> in the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_2008_xv_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine_2008_xv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-banglapedia_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banglapedia-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded by <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> (Guided One) and <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> expected by <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> to appear towards the <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">end times</a> and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as to embody, in this capacity, the expected <a href="/wiki/Eschatological" class="mw-redirect" title="Eschatological">eschatological</a> figure of other major religious traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adherents of the Ahmadiyya—a term adopted expressly in reference to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a>'s alternative name <i><a href="/wiki/Ahmad" title="Ahmad">Ahmad</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Global_Religion_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Global_Religion-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diagonal-Verlag_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diagonal-Verlag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pu.edu.pk_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pu.edu.pk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aaiil.org_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaiil.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—are known as Ahmadi Muslims or simply Ahmadis. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community<br />Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg/220px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg/330px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg/440px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_and_Minarat-ul-Massih.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="878" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/White_Minaret" title="White Minaret">White Minaret</a> and the Ahmadiyya flag in <a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. For Ahmadi Muslims, the two symbolize the advent of the Mirza Ghulam Ahmad.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Sect of Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Scripture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">various books of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Caliph</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">Mirza Masroor Ahmad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">19th century <br /><a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Number of followers</th><td class="infobox-data">10–20 million</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ahmadi thought emphasizes the belief that Islam is the final dispensation for humanity as revealed to Muhammad and the necessity of restoring it to its true intent and pristine form, which had been lost through the centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Valentine_2008_xv_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valentine_2008_xv-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its adherents consider Ahmad to have appeared as the Mahdi—bearing the qualities of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a> in accordance with their reading of scriptural prophecies—to revitalize Islam and set in motion its moral system that would bring about lasting peace.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believe that upon divine guidance he purged Islam of foreign accretions in belief and practice by championing what is, in their view, Islam's original precepts as practised by Muhammad and the <a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">early Muslim community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-alislam.org_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alislam.org-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis thus view themselves as leading the propagation and renaissance of Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mirza Ghulam Ahmad established the Community (or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/jamaat" class="extiw" title="wikt:jamaat"><i>Jamāʿat</i></a>) on 23 March 1889 by formally accepting <a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Bay'ah (Ahmadiyya)">allegiance</a> from his supporters. Since his death, the Community has been led by a succession of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Caliphs</a>. By 2017 it had spread to <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">210 countries and territories</a> of the world with concentrations in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyya in Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. The Ahmadis have a strong missionary tradition, having formed the first Muslim missionary organization to arrive in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> and other Western countries.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the community is led by its caliph, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">Mirza Masroor Ahmad</a>, and is estimated to number between 10 and 20 million worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movement is almost entirely a single, highly organized group. However, in the early history of the community, some Ahmadis dissented over the nature of Ahmad's prophetic status and succession. They formed the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a>, which has since dwindled to a small fraction of all Ahmadis. Ahmadiyya's recognition of Ahmad as a prophet has been characterized as heretical by mainstream Muslims, who believe that Muhammad was the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the prophets">final prophet</a>, and the Ahmadi movement has faced non-recognition and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">persecution</a> in many parts of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-persecution_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-persecution-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Sunni Muslims pejoratively use the term <a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani"><i>Qādiyānī</i></a> to refer to the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Gualtieri_1989_14_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gualtieri_1989_14-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming_and_etymology">Naming and etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_(name)" title="Muhammad (name)">Muhammad (name)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad (name)">Ahmad (name)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4-M-D" title="Ḥ-M-D">Ḥ-M-D</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>Ahmadiyya </b></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أحمدية</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Aḥmadīya(t) </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">fellowship/followers of <i>Aḥmad</i>, i.e. Muhammad</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tbody></table><p> The Ahmadiyya movement was founded in 1889, but the name <i>Aḥmadīyah</i> was not adopted until about a decade later. In a manifesto dated 4 November 1900, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad announced that the name chosen to identify the movement from other Muslim groups would be in reference to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>'s alternative name <i><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B8%A5mad" class="mw-redirect" title="Aḥmad">Aḥmad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aaiil.org_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaiil.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to him, the meaning of the name <i>Muḥammad</i>—"the most praised one"—comported with the traits of glory and indicated the triumphant career of the Islamic prophet following his <a href="/wiki/Hegira" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegira">migration to Medina</a>; but <i>Aḥmad</i>, an <a href="/wiki/Elative_(gradation)" title="Elative (gradation)">Arabic elative form</a> meaning "highly praised" and also "one who praises the most", comported with the beauty of his sermons and conveyed the perseverance and forbearance that characterized his earlier life at <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>. Accordingly, these two names reflected two aspects or modalities of Islam and in later times it was the latter aspect that was destined to be the chief characteristic of its progress.<sup id="cite_ref-Diagonal-Verlag_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diagonal-Verlag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aaiil.org_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aaiil.org-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghulam Ahmad deemed it a blameworthy innovation (<i><a href="/wiki/Bid%E2%80%98ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bid‘ah">bid‘ah</a></i>) to label an Islamic <a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">group or school</a> after anyone other than Muhammad.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The announcement of 1900 stated: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The name which is appropriate for this Movement and which we prefer for ourselves and for our Jamā'at is <i>Muslims of the Aḥmadīyah Section</i>. And it is permissible that it also be referred to as <i>Muslims of the Aḥmadī school</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lexicology">Lexicology</h3></div> <p>The term <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Aḥmadīyah</i></span>—formed by way of suffixation (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_nouns_and_adjectives#Nisba" title="Arabic nouns and adjectives"><i>nisba</i></a>) from <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Aḥmad</i></span> and the suffix <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">-īya(t)</i></span> (comparable to the English <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ness" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ness"><i>-ness</i></a>)—is an abstract noun used in reference to the movement itself; while the term <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Aḥmadī</i></span> (adjectivally denoting affiliation to <i><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Aḥmad</i></span></i>) is a noun used in reference to an adherent of the movement, whether male or female. Despite Ahmadis dissociating the name from their founder, deriving it instead from Islamic prophecy<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the name variant of Muhammad,<sup id="cite_ref-Diagonal-Verlag_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diagonal-Verlag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some Sunni Muslims, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> from where the movement originated, refer to Ahmadis using the <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejorative</a> terms <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Qādiyānī</i></span>—derived from <a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a>, the home town of Ghulam Ahmad; or <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mirzaī</i></span>—from <a href="/wiki/Mirza_(noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirza (noble)">Mirza</a>, one of his titles.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both are externally attributed names and are never used by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community itself.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <table style="float:right; width:20%; border:1px solid #ddd; margin:0 0 1em 1em; padding:0 0 1em 1em; vertical-align:right; font-size:80%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><big>Ahmadiyya timeline</big> <hr /> </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1882 </td> <td>Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (without publicity) says he is the Mujaddid of the fourteenth Islamic century <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1889 </td> <td>Mirza Ghulam Ahmad establishes the Ahmadiyya Muslim movement <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1890 </td> <td>Mirza Ghulam Ahmad announces that he is 'The Promised Messiah' and 'The Imam Mahdi' of the Latter days <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1908 </td> <td>Mirza Ghulam Ahmad dies in Lahore. Hakeem Noor-ud-Din is elected as the First Caliph <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1914 </td> <td>Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad is elected as the Second Caliph <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1947 </td> <td>Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad migrates to Lahore, Pakistan <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1948 </td> <td>Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad establishes the city of Rabwah as the new headquarters of the Community <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1965 </td> <td>Mirza Nasir Ahmad is elected as the Third Caliph <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1982 </td> <td>Mirza Tahir Ahmad is elected as the Fourth Caliph <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">1984 </td> <td>Mirza Tahir Ahmad migrates to London, England, moving the headquarters to London <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">2003 </td> <td>Mirza Masroor Ahmad is elected as the Fifth Caliph <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="right">2019 </td> <td>The headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is moved from the Fazl Mosque in Southfields, London to Islamabad in Tilford, Surrey <hr /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Formally, the history of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community begins when Mirza Ghulam Ahmad took the <a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">oath of allegiance</a> from a number of his companions at a home in <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a>, India, on 23 March 1889. However, the history can be taken back to the early life of Ahmad, when he reportedly started receiving revelations concerning his future, but also as far back as the traditions of various world religions. At the end of the 19th century, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian proclaimed himself to be the "Centennial Reformer of Islam" (<a href="/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid">Mujaddid</a>), <a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">metaphorical second coming of Jesus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> (guided one) awaited by the Muslims and obtained a considerable number of followers especially within the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of British India">United Provinces</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and his followers believe that his advent was foretold by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prophet_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophet of Islam">Prophet of Islam</a>, and also by many other religious scriptures of the world. Ahmadiyya emerged in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> as a movement within Islam, also in response to the Christian and <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a> missionary activity that was widespread in the 19th century. </p><p>The Ahmadiyya faith believes that it represents the latter-day revival of the religion of Islam. Overseas Ahmadiyya missionary activities started at an organized level as early as 1913 (for example, the <a href="/wiki/Fazl_Mosque,_London" title="Fazl Mosque, London">UK mission in Putney</a>, London). For many modern nations of the world, the Ahmadiyya movement was their first contact with the proclaimants from the Muslim world.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Richard Brent Turner, "until the mid-1950s the Ahmadiyyah was arguably the most influential community in African-American Islam".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has one of the most active missionary programs in the world. It is particularly large in Africa. In the post colonial era, the Community is credited for much of the spread of Islam in the continent.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Caliphate">First Caliphate</h3></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad#Death" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din" title="Hakeem Noor-ud-Din">Hakeem Noor-ud-Din</a> was unanimously elected as his first successor and Caliph of the Community. Within the stretch of his Caliphate, a period which lasted six years (1908-1914), he oversaw a satisfactory English translation of the Quran, the establishment of the first Ahmadiyya Muslim mission in England and the introduction of various newspapers and magazines of the Community. As a result of growing financial requirements of the Community, he set up an official treasury. Most notably, however, he dealt with internal dissensions, when a number high-ranking office bearers of the <i>Ahmadiyya Council</i> disagreed with some of the administrative concepts and the authority of the Caliph. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Caliphate">Second Caliphate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/220px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/330px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/440px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Flag, first designed in 1939, during the Second Caliphate</figcaption></figure> <p>Soon after the death of the first caliph, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</a> was elected as the second caliph, in accordance with the will of his predecessor. However, a faction led by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_(writer)" title="Muhammad Ali (writer)">Maulana Muhammad Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Kamal-ud-Din" title="Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din">Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din</a> strongly opposed his succession and refused to accept him as the next caliph, which soon led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a>. This was due to certain doctrinal differences they held with the caliph such as the nature of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's prophethood and succession.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been theorised that a <a href="/wiki/Clash_of_personalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Clash of personalities">clash of personalities</a> with that of the dissenters and the caliph himself, who had a relatively poor academic background, also played a role.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Lahore Ahmadiyya movement, which settled in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, has had relatively little success and has failed to attract a sizeable following.<sup id="cite_ref-lahori_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahori-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the history of the Community, this event is referred to as 'The Split' and is sometimes alluded to a prophecy of the founder. </p><p>Elected at a young age, Mahmood Ahmad's Caliphate spanned a period of almost 52 years (1914-1965). He established the organizational structure of the Community and directed extensive missionary activity outside the subcontinent of India. Several weeks following his election, delegates from all over India were invited to <a href="/wiki/Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">discuss</a> about propagation of Islam. Two decades later, Mahmood Ahmad launched a twofold scheme for the establishment of foreign missions and the moral upbringing of Ahmadi Muslims. The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tehrik-e-Jadid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tehrik-e-Jadid (page does not exist)">Tehrik-e-Jadid</a></i> and <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Waqf-e-Jadid</i></span> or the 'new scheme' and the 'new dedication' respectively, initially seen as a spiritual battle against the oppressors of the Ahmadi Muslims, called upon members of the Community to dedicate their time and money for the sake of their faith. In time the scheme produced a vast amount of literature in defence of Islam in general and the Ahmadiyya beliefs in particular. The funds were also spent on the training and dispatching of Ahmadi missionaries outside the Indian sub-continent.<sup id="cite_ref-secondcaliph_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondcaliph-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his time, missions were established in 46 countries, mosques were constructed in many foreign countries and the Quran published in several major languages of the world. Although the Community continued to expand in the course of succeeding Caliphates, sometimes at a faster pace, the second caliph is credited for much of its inception. Ahmad wrote many written works, the most significant of which is the <a href="/wiki/Tafseer-e-Kabeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafseer-e-Kabeer">ten volume commentary</a> of the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-secondcaliph_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondcaliph-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Caliphate">Third Caliphate</h3></div> <p>Elected on 8 November 1965, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Nasir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Nasir Ahmad">Mirza Nasir Ahmad</a> succeeded as the third Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. His caliphate lasted until 1982. Started by his predecessor, he is credited with the expansion of the missionary work, particularly in Africa, and is seen as having shown great leadership and guidance to the Community during the period when the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly of Pakistan</a> declared the Community as a non-Muslim minority.<sup id="cite_ref-third_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-third-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nusrat Jahan Scheme, a scheme dedicated to serving parts of Africa by running numerous medical clinics and schools was one of the many outcomes of his 1970 tour of West Africa, regarded as the first ever visit to the continent made by an Ahmadi Caliph. During his visit for the foundation stone ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Basharat_Mosque" title="Basharat Mosque">Basharat Mosque</a>, the first mosque in modern Spain, he coined the popular Ahmadiyya motto: <i>Love for all, Hatred for None</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mirza Nasir Ahmad established the <i>Fazl-e-Umar Foundation</i> in honour of his predecessor, oversaw the compilations of <a href="/wiki/Malfoozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Malfoozat">dialogues and sayings</a> of the founder of the Community, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, and also directed the complete collection of the dreams, visions and verbal revelations of the founder.<sup id="cite_ref-third_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-third-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Caliphate">Fourth Caliphate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baitur_Rehman,_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Baitur_Rehman%2C_Washington.jpg/220px-Baitur_Rehman%2C_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Baitur_Rehman%2C_Washington.jpg/330px-Baitur_Rehman%2C_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Baitur_Rehman%2C_Washington.jpg/440px-Baitur_Rehman%2C_Washington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baitur_Rehman,_Silver_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Baitur Rehman, Silver Spring">Baitur Rehman Mosque</a> near <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, is one of several mosques inaugurated by the fourth caliph</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">Mirza Tahir Ahmad</a> was elected as the fourth Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community on 10 June 1982, a day after the death of his predecessor. He remained Caliph until his death in 2003. Following the <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_XX" title="Ordinance XX">Ordinance XX</a> that was promulgated by the government of Pakistan in 1984, which rendered the Caliph unable to perform his duties and put the very institution in jeopardy, Ahmad left Pakistan and migrated to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, moving the headquarters of the Community to <a href="/wiki/Fazl_Mosque,_London" title="Fazl Mosque, London">Fazl Mosque</a>, the first mosque in London.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Ahmadi Muslims, the migration marked a new era in the history of the Community. Ahmad launched the first Muslim satellite television network, <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya">Muslim Television Ahmadiyya</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-tahir_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tahir-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instituted the <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Waqfe Nau</i></span> Scheme, a program to dedicate Ahmadi Muslim children for the services of the Community; and inaugurated various funds for humanitarian causes such as the Maryum Shaadi Fund, the Syedna Bilal Fund, for victims of persecution, and the disaster relief charity <a href="/wiki/Humanity_First" title="Humanity First">Humanity First</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tahir_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tahir-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the Community, Ahmad is noted for his regular <i>Question & Answer Sessions</i> he held in multiple languages with people of various faiths, professions and cultural backgrounds. However, Ahmad also wrote many books – the most significant of which include <i>Islam's Response to Contemporary Issues</i>, <i>Murder in the name of Allah</i>, <i>Absolute Justice, Kindness and Kinship</i>, <i>Gulf Crisis and The New World Order</i> and his magnum opus<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Revelation,_Rationality,_Knowledge_%26_Truth" class="mw-redirect" title="Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth">Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_Caliphate">Fifth Caliphate</h3></div> <p>Following the death of the fourth Caliph in 2003, the Electoral College for the first time in the history of the Community convened in the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">western</a> city of London, after which <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">Mirza Masroor Ahmad</a> was elected as the fifth and current Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. In his effort to promote his message of peace and facilitate service to humanity, Ahmad travels globally meeting heads of state, holding peace conferences, and exhibiting Islamic solutions to world problems.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to ongoing conflicts, Ahmad has sent letters to world leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>. Being the spiritual head of millions of Ahmadi Muslims residing in over 200 countries and territories of the world, Ahmad travels globally, teaching, conveying and maintaining correspondence with communities of believers and individuals, expounding principles of the Islamic faith. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_beliefs">Summary of beliefs</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Iman_(concept)#The_Six_articles_of_Islamic_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Iman (concept)">Six articles of Islamic Faith</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a> constitute the basis of Ahmadi belief and practice. Likewise, Ahmadis accept the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> as their holy text, face the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> during prayer, follow the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">sunnah</a></i> (normative practice of Muhammad) and accept the authority of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ahadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahadith">ahadith</a></i> (sing. <i>hadith</i>; reported sayings of and narrations about Muhammad).<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the derivation of Ahmadi doctrine and practice, the Quran has supreme authority followed by the <i>sunnah</i> and the <i>ahadith</i>. Quranic rulings cannot be overruled by any other secondary or explanatory source. If a <i>hadith</i> is found to be in manifest conflict with the Quran and defies all possible efforts at harmonization, it is rejected regardless of the <a href="/wiki/Hadith_terminology" title="Hadith terminology">classification</a> of its authenticity.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their acceptance of the authority of the four <a href="/wiki/Rashidun" title="Rashidun">Rightly Guided</a> caliphs (successors) as legitimate leaders of the Muslim community following Muhammad's death, their belief that a caliph need not be a descendant of Muhammad, and use of the <i><a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">Kutub al-Sittah</a></i> fundamentally aligns Ahmadis with the <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> tradition of Islam rather than with the <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In matters of <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i> (Islamic <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a>), Ahmadis reject strict adherence (<i><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">taqlid</a></i>) to any particular school of thought (<i><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">madhhab</a></i>), giving foremost precedence to the Quran and <i>sunnah</i>, but usually base their rulings on the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> methodology in cases where these sources lack clear elaboration.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What essentially distinguishes Ahmadi Muslims from other Muslims is their belief in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the movement, as both the promised <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a> (Guided One) and <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> foretold by Muhammad to appear in the end times. Summarising his position, Ahmad writes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The task for which God has appointed me is that I should remove the malaise that afflicts the relationship between God and His creatures and restore the relationship of love and sincerity between them. Through the proclamation of truth and by putting an end to religious conflicts, I should bring about peace and manifest the Divine verities that have become hidden from the eyes of the world. I am called upon to demonstrate spirituality which lies buried under egoistic darkness. It is for me to demonstrate by practice, and not by words alone, the Divine powers which penetrate into a human being and are manifested through prayer or attention. Above all, it is my task to re-establish in people's hearts the eternal plant of the pure and shining Unity of God which is free from every impurity of polytheism, and which has now completely disappeared. All this will be accomplished, not through my power, but through the power of the Almighty God, Who is the God of heaven and earth.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In keeping with this, he believed his objective was to defend and propagate Islam globally through peaceful means, to revive the forgotten Islamic values of peace, forgiveness and sympathy for all humankind, and to establish peace in the world through the teachings of Islam. He believed that his message had special relevance for the Western world, which, he believed, had descended into <a href="/wiki/Economic_materialism" title="Economic materialism">materialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmadi teachings state that all the major world religions have divine origins and are part of the divine plan towards the establishment of Islam as the final religion, because Islam is the most complete and perfected the previous teachings of other religions,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which (they believe) have drifted away from their original form and been corrupted. The message which the founders of these religions brought was, therefore, essentially the same as that of Islam, albeit incomplete. The completion and consummation of the development of religion came about with the advent of Muhammad. However, the global conveyance, recognition and eventual acceptance of his message (i.e. the perfection of the <i>manifestation</i> of Muhammad's prophethood) was destined to occur with the coming of the <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, Ahmadi Muslims regard <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> as that Mahdi and, by extension, the "Promised One" of all religions fulfilling eschatological prophecies found in the scriptures of the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American traditions</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-ita_4_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ita_4-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadi Muslims believe that Ahmad was divinely commissioned as a true reflection of Muhammad's prophethood to establish the unity of God and to remind humankind of their duties towards God and His creation.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Summarising the Islamic faith, Ahmad writes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There are only two complete parts of faith. One is to love God and the other is to love humankind to such a degree that you consider the suffering and the trials and tribulations of others as your own and that you pray for them.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_of_faith">Articles of faith</h2></div> <p>Ahmadi Muslims subscribe to the same beliefs as the majority of Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher_2021_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher_2021-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with a difference of opinion on the meaning of <a href="/wiki/Khatam_an-Nabiyyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatam an-Nabiyyin">Khatam an-Nabiyyin</a>. The six articles of faith are identical to those believed in by <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Muslims, and are based on the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">traditions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unity_of_God">Unity of God</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg/170px-Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg/255px-Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg/340px-Mahmud_Moschee1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i>, outside the <a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Mosque,_Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmood Mosque, Zürich">Mahmood Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, proclaiming the oneness of God.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ahmadi Muslims firmly believe in the absolute <a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Unity of God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gallagher_2021_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallagher_2021-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acknowledgement of this principle is the most important and the cardinal principle of Islam as interpreted by the Community. All other Islamic beliefs spring from this belief. The belief in the Unity of God is thought to influence a person's life in all its aspects and is believed to have much wider meaning and deeper applications. For example, elaborating on the Oneness of God, the Quranic verse "There is no all-encompassing power except God" is believed to negate all forms of fear with the exception of the fear of God. It instills a sense of complete dependence on God and that every good emanates from him. In general, the belief in unity of God is thought to liberate believers from all forms of carnal passions, slavery and perceptions of earthly imprisonment. The founder of the Community writes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Unity of God is a light which illumines the heart only after the negation of all deities, whether they belong to the inner world or the outer world. It permeates every particle of man's being. How can this be acquired without the aid of God and His Messenger? The duty of man is only to bring death upon his ego and turn his back to devilish pride. He should not boast of his having been reared in the cradle of knowledge but should consider himself as if he were merely an ignorant person, and occupy himself in supplications. Then the light of Unity will descend upon him from God and will bestow new life upon Him.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> It is further believed that the Islamic concept of Oneness of God inculcates the realization of the Oneness of the human species and thus removes all impediments in this regard. The diversity of all human races, ethnicities and colours are considered worthy of acceptance. Moreover, it is thought that a belief in the Unity of God creates a sense of absolute harmony between the Creator and the creation. It is understood that there can be no contradiction between the <i>word of God</i> and <i>work of God</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-welcome_54_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcome_54-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angels">Angels</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_angels" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of angels">Islamic view of angels</a></div> <p>The belief in angels is fundamental to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. They are spiritual beings created by God to obey him and implement his commandments. Unlike human beings, angels have no free will and cannot act independently. Under God's command, they bring revelations to the Prophets, bring punishment on the Prophets' enemies, glorify God with his praise, and keep records of human beings' deeds. Angels are not visible to the physical eye. Yet, according to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, they do sometimes appear to man in one form or another. This appearance, however, is not physical but a spiritual manifestation.<sup id="cite_ref-welcome_64_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcome_64-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadi Muslims regards angels as celestial beings who have their own entity as persons. The major role they play is the transmission of messages from God to human beings. According to the Quran, the entire material universe as well as the religious universe is governed by some spiritual powers, which are referred to as angels. Whatever they do is in complete submission to the Will of God and the design that he created for things. According to Islam, as interpreted by Ahmadi Muslims, they cannot deviate from the set course or functions allocated to them, or from the overall plan of things made by God.<sup id="cite_ref-welcome_65_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welcome_65-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Islamic holy books</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG/220px-Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG/330px-Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG/440px-Einige_Koran_%C3%9Cbersetzungen_der_Ahmadiyya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Some of the many <a href="/wiki/Quran_translations" title="Quran translations">Quran translations</a> by Ahmadi translators at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Book_Fair" title="Frankfurt Book Fair">Frankfurt Book Fair</a></figcaption></figure> <p>For Ahmadi Muslims, the third article in Islam is concerned with the belief in all the divine scriptures as revealed by God to his Prophets. This includes the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospel (Islam)">Gospel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Psalms</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">scrolls of Abraham</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>. Before the advent of Islam, the history of religion is understood as a series of <a href="/wiki/Dispensation_(period)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispensation (period)">dispensations</a> where each messenger brought teachings suitable for the time and place. Thus, at the time of their inception, the divine teachings sent by God concurred in their fundamentals, with the exception of minor details that were chosen to complement the time and place. With the exception of the Quran, it is believed that the divine scriptures are susceptible to human interpolation. Islam recognises that God sent his prophets to every nation and isolated communities of the world. Thus, according to the Ahmadi teachings, books outside of the Abrahamic tradition, such as the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a> are too considered as being of divine origin. Among the recognised books, the Community believes that the Quran is the final divine scripture revealed by God to humankind. The teachings of the Quran are considered timeless.<sup id="cite_ref-knowledge_34_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knowledge_34-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prophets">Prophets</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Prophets_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets in Islam">Prophets in Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khatam_an-Nabiyyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatam an-Nabiyyin">Khatam an-Nabiyyin</a></div> <p>According to the Ahmadi Muslim view, the fourth article of faith in Islam is concerned with the belief in all divine prophets sent by God. Ahmadi Muslims believe that when the world is filled with unrighteousness and immorality, or when a specific part of the world displays these attributes, or when the followers of a certain law (religion) become corrupt or incorporate <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">corrupted teachings</a> into the faith, thus making the faith obsolete or in need of a Divine Sustainer, then a Prophet of God is sent to re-establish his Divine Will. Aside from the belief in all prophets in the Quran and the Old Testament, the Community also regards <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> as prophets.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Ahmadiyya belief, the technical Islamic terms 'warner' (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">natheer</i></span>), 'prophet' (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">nabi</i></span>), 'messenger' (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">rasul</i></span>) and 'envoy' (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">mursal</i></span>) are synonymous in meaning. However, there are two kinds of prophethood as understood by the Community: Law-bearing prophets, who bring a new law and dispensation, such as <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (given the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (given the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>); and non-law-bearing prophets, who appear within a given dispensation such as <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a>. <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> is regarded as the first human with whom God spoke and revealed to him his divine will and thus the first prophet, but is not regarded as the first human on earth by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, contrary to traditional Islamic, Jewish and Christian interpretations. This view is based on the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> itself, according to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Day_of_Judgement">Day of Judgement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Qiyamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Qiyamat">Qiyamat</a></div> <p>The fifth article of faith relates to the Day of Judgment.<sup id="cite_ref-tti_72_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tti_72-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Ahmadis, after belief in one God, belief in the <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Judgement">Day of Judgement</a> is the most emphasized doctrine mentioned in the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-tti_72_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tti_72-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ahmadi Muslim beliefs, the entire universe will come to an end on the Day of Judgment, a position also taken by all other Islamic sects and schools of thought. The dead will be resurrected and accounts will be taken of their deeds. People with good records will enter into Heaven while those with bad records will be thrown into Hell.<sup id="cite_ref-tti_72_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tti_72-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hell is understood in Ahmadiyya as a temporary abode, lasting an extremely long time but not everlasting, much like in mainstream <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>. It is thought to be like a hospital, where souls are cleansed of their sins, and this view is based on the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divine_decree">Divine decree</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Predestination in Islam</a></div> <p>The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believes that divine decree controls the eventual outcome of all actions in this universe. Within the boundaries of divine decree, man is given free will to choose the course.<sup id="cite_ref-tti_73_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tti_73-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Five_pillars">Five pillars</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a></div> <p>The Pillars of Islam (<span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">arkan al-Islam</i></span>; also <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">arkan ad-din</i></span>, 'pillars of religion') are five basic acts in Islam, considered obligatory for all Ahmadi Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran presents them as a framework for worship and a sign of commitment to the faith. They are: (1) the <i><a href="/wiki/Shahadah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahadah">shahadah</a></i> (creed), (2) daily prayers (<i><a href="/wiki/Salat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salat">salat</a></i>), (3) almsgiving (<i><a href="/wiki/Zakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakah">zakah</a></i>), (4) fasting during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (<i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a></i>) at least once in a lifetime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinct_teachings">Distinct teachings</h2></div> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Six_articles_of_belief" class="mw-redirect" title="Six articles of belief">six articles of belief</a> of Ahmadi Muslims are identical to those of mainstream <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslims">Sunni Muslims</a> and central to Ahmadi belief,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> distinct Ahmadiyya beliefs include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Coming">Second Coming</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg/220px-Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg/330px-Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg/440px-Roza_Bal_Tomb_in_Srinagar_Kashmir_Interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roza_Bal" title="Roza Bal">Roza Bal</a> shrine in <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Contrary to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_Jesus%27_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic view of Jesus' death">mainstream Islamic belief</a>, Ahmadi Muslims believe that <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a> <i>was</i> crucified and survived the four hours on the cross.<sup id="cite_ref-alislam.org-2_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alislam.org-2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later revived from a <a href="/wiki/Swoon_hypothesis" title="Swoon hypothesis">swoon</a> in the tomb.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadis believe that Jesus died in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> of old age whilst seeking the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Lost_Tribes" title="Ten Lost Tribes">Lost Tribes of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alislam.org-2_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alislam.org-2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Leirvik_2010_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leirvik_2010-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jesus' remains are believed to be entombed in the <a href="/wiki/Roza_Bal" title="Roza Bal">Roza Bal</a> shrine in Kashmir under the name <a href="/wiki/Yuz_Asaf" title="Yuz Asaf">Yuz Asaf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alislam.org-2_80-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alislam.org-2-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seal_of_Prophets">Seal of Prophets</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Khatam_an-Nabiyyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatam an-Nabiyyin">Khatam an-Nabiyyin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)</a></div> <p>Although Ahmadi Muslims believe that the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> is the final message of God for humankind, they also believe that God continues to communicate with his chosen individuals in the same way he is believed to have done in the past. All of God's attributes are eternal. In particular, Ahmadi Muslims believe that Muhammad brought prophethood to perfection and was the last law-bearing prophet and the apex of humankind's spiritual evolution. New prophets can come, but they must be completely subordinate to Muhammad and will not be able to exceed him in excellence nor alter his teaching or bring any new law or religion. They are also thought of as reflections of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> rather than independently made into Prophets, like the Prophets of antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-tpmam_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tpmam-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jihad">Jihad</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_view_on_Jihad" title="Ahmadiyya view on Jihad">Ahmadiyya view on Jihad</a></div> <p>According to Ahmadi Muslim belief, <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a> can be divided into three categories: <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jihad al-Akbar</i></span> (Greater Jihad) is that against the self and refers to striving against one's low desires such as anger, lust and hatred; <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jihad al-Kabīr</i></span> (Great Jihad) refers to the peaceful propagation of Islam, with special emphasis on spreading the true message of Islam by the <i>pen</i>; <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Jihad al-Asghar</i></span> (Smaller Jihad) is an armed struggle only to be resorted to in self-defence under situations of extreme religious persecution whilst not being able to follow one's fundamental religious beliefs, and even then only under the direct instruction of the Caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadi Muslims point out that as per Islamic prophecy, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad rendered Jihad in its military form as inapplicable in the present age as Islam, as a religion, is not being attacked militarily but through literature and other media, and therefore the response should be likewise.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They believe that the answer of hate should be given by love.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Concerning terrorism, the fourth Caliph of the Community wrote in 1989: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As far as Islam is concerned, it categorically rejects and condemns every form of terrorism. It does not provide any cover or justification for any act of violence, be it committed by an individual, a group or a government.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abrogation">Abrogation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Naskh_(tafsir)" title="Naskh (tafsir)">Naskh (tafsir)</a></div> <p>Unlike most scholars of other Islamic sects,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadi Muslims do not believe that any verses of the Quran abrogate or cancel other verses. All Quranic verses have equal validity, in keeping with their emphasis on the "unsurpassable beauty and unquestionable validity of the Qur'ān".<sup id="cite_ref-Friedmann-227_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedmann-227-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harmonization of apparently incompatible rulings is resolved through their juridical deflation in Ahmadī <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i>, so that a ruling (considered to have applicability only to the specific <a href="/wiki/Asbab_al-nuzul" class="mw-redirect" title="Asbab al-nuzul">situation for which it was revealed</a>), is effective not because it was revealed last, but because it is most suited to the situation at hand.<sup id="cite_ref-Friedmann-227_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedmann-227-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_science">Religion and science</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_views_on_evolution" title="Ahmadiyya views on evolution">Ahmadiyya views on evolution</a></div> <p>Ahmadi Muslims believe that there cannot be a conflict between the <i><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">word of God</a></i> and the <i>work of God</i>, and thus religion and science must work in harmony with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With particular reference to this relationship, the second Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community states that in order to understand God's revelation, it is necessary to study His work, and in order to realize the significance of His work, it is necessary to study His word.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Nobel laureate, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a>, a devout Ahmadi Muslim, 750 verses of the Quran (almost one eighth of the book) exhort believers to study Nature, to reflect, to make the best use of reason in their search for the ultimate and to make the acquiring of knowledge and scientific comprehension part of the community's life.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyclical_nature_of_history">Cyclical nature of history</h3></div> <p>A final distinct belief is the notion that the history of religion is cyclic and is renewed every seven millennia. The present cycle from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Biblical Adam</a> is split into seven epochs or ages, parallel to the seven days of the week, with periods for light and darkness. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad appeared as the promised Messiah at the sixth epoch heralding the seventh and final age of humankind.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">Ahmadiyya by country</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg/280px-Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg/420px-Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg/560px-Ahmadiyya_population_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Ahmadiyya Muslim population map.</figcaption></figure> <p>By 2016, the community had been established in 209 countries and territories of the world with concentrations in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. The community is a minority Muslim sect in almost every country of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries like <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, it is practically illegal to be an Ahmadi Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, these factors make it difficult to estimate the Ahmadiyya population for both the community itself as well as independent organizations. For this reason, the community gives a figure of "tens of millions";<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, most independent sources variously estimate the population to be at least 10 to 20 million<sup id="cite_ref-pop_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worldwide, thereby representing around 1% of the world's Muslim population.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the <i><a href="/wiki/World_Christian_Encyclopedia" title="World Christian Encyclopedia">World Christian Encyclopedia</a></i>, estimated that the Ahmadiyya movement was the fastest growing group within Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that the country with the largest Ahmadiyya population is <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, with an estimated 4 million Ahmadi Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-ahmadi_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahmadi-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population is almost entirely contained in the single, organized and united movement, headed by the <a href="/wiki/Khalifatul_Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifatul Masih">Caliph</a>. The other is the <a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a>, which represents less than 0.2% of the total Ahmadiyya population.<sup id="cite_ref-lahori_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahori-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmadiyya are estimated to be from 60,000 to 1 million in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-outlookindia_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outlookindia-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organizational_structure">Organizational structure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Caliph">The Caliph</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Khalifatul_Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifatul Masih">Khalifatul Masih</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baitul_Futuh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Baitul_Futuh.jpg/220px-Baitul_Futuh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Baitul_Futuh.jpg/330px-Baitul_Futuh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Baitul_Futuh.jpg/440px-Baitul_Futuh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baitul_Futuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Baitul Futuh">Baitul Futuh Mosque</a>, one of the largest mosques in Europe. The Caliph's <a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Friday Sermon</a> is televised live throughout the world, via <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International">MTA</a> TV</figcaption></figure> <p>Ahmadi Muslims believe that the <a href="/wiki/Khalifatul_Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifatul Masih">Ahmadiyya caliphate</a> is the resumption of the <a href="/wiki/Rightly_Guided_Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Rightly Guided Caliph">Rightly Guided Caliphate</a>. This is believed to have been re-established with the appearance of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad whom Ahmadis believe was the promised <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a>. Ahmadi Muslims maintain that in accordance with Quranic verses<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and numerous <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> on the issue, <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Khilāfah</i></span> or the Caliphate can only be established by God Himself and is a divine blessing given to <i>those who believe and work righteousness</i> and uphold the unity of God. Therefore, any movement to establish the Caliphate centred around human endeavours alone is bound to fail, particularly when the condition of the people diverges from the <i>precepts of prophethood</i> and they are as a result disunited, their inability to elect a caliph caused fundamentally by the lack of righteousness in them. It is believed that through visions, dreams and spiritual guidance, God instils into the hearts and minds of the believers of whom to elect. No campaigning, speeches or speculation of any kind are permitted. Thus the caliph is designated neither necessarily by right (i.e. the rightful or competent one in the eyes of the people) nor merely by election but primarily by God.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Ahmadiyya thought, it is not essential for a caliph to be the head of a state, rather the spiritual and religious significance of the Caliphate is emphasised. It is above all a spiritual office, with the purpose to uphold, strengthen, spread the teachings of Islam and maintain the high spiritual and moral standards within the global community established by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>. If a caliph does happen to bear governmental authority as a head of state, it is incidental and subsidiary in relation to his overall function as a caliph.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The caliph is also referred to by Ahmadi Muslims as <a href="/wiki/Amir_al-Mu%27minin" title="Amir al-Mu'minin">Amir al-Mu'minin</a> (Leader of the Faithful). The current and fifth caliph is <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">Mirza Masroor Ahmad</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Consultative_Council">The Consultative Council</h3></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">Majlis-ash-Shura</a></i> or the Consultative Council, in terms of importance, is the highest ranking institution within the Community after the Caliphate. It was established in 1922 by the second caliph, <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</a>. This advisory body meets formally at least once a year. At the international level, the council is presided over by the caliph. Its main purpose is to advise the caliph on important matters such as finance, projects, education and other issues relating to members of the Community. It is required for the caliph to carry out his duties through consultation, taking into consideration the views of the members of the council. However, it is not incumbent upon him to always accept the views and recommendations of the members. The caliph may comment, issue instructions, announce his decisions on the proposals during the course of the proceedings or may postpone the matter under further reflection. However, in most cases the caliph accepts the advice given by the majority. At the national level, the council is presided over by the <i>ʾ<a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Amīr</a></i> (national president). At the conclusion of the proceedings, the recommendations are sent to the caliph for approval which he may accept, reject or partially accept.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Headquarters">The Headquarters</h3></div> <p>The principal headquarters of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is the city, town or place where the caliph resides. As such, since the forced exile of the <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">fourth caliph</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in 1984, the <i>de facto</i> headquarters of the Community had been based at the <a href="/wiki/Fazl_Mosque,_London" title="Fazl Mosque, London">Fazl Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">fifth caliph</a> moved the headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Islamabad,_Tilford" title="Islamabad, Tilford">Islamabad, Tilford</a>, England on land bought by the Community in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Islamic holy cities of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> are acknowledged to be more sacred, <a href="/wiki/Qadian" title="Qadian">Qadian</a> is considered to be the spiritual headquarters of the Community.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed, and prophesied, that in the future, the <a href="/wiki/Khalifatul_Masih" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalifatul Masih">Ahmadiyya Caliphate</a> will once again return to Qadian, the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. However, the Ahmadiyya city of <a href="/wiki/Rabwah" title="Rabwah">Rabwah</a> in Pakistan, since its founding on 20 September 1948 by the <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">second caliph</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Indian partition</a>, coordinates majority of the organization's activity around the world. In particular, the city is responsible for, but not exclusively, the two central bodies of the Community; Central Ahmadiyya Council and the Council for 'The New Scheme'.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whyahmadi-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another, but much smaller body, the Council for 'New Dedication' , is also active. All central bodies work under the directive of the caliph. </p><p><span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sadr Anjuman Ahmadiyya</i></span> or the Central Ahmadiyya Council, first set up by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in 1906, is today responsible for organizing the Community activities in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>; whereas the <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Anjuman Tehrik-i-Jadid</i></span> or the Council for 'The New Scheme', first set up by the second caliph, is responsible for missions outside the Indian subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-structure_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-structure-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each council is further divided into directorates, such as the Department of Financial Affairs, the Department of Publications, the Department of Education, the Department of External Affairs, and the Department of Foreign Missions, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the latter council, the Community has built over 15,000 mosques, over 500 schools, over 30 hospitals and translated the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> into over 70 languages.<sup id="cite_ref-tehrike_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tehrike-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Anjuman Waqf-i-Jadid</i></span> or the Council for 'The New Dedication', also initiated by the second caliph, is responsible for training and coordinating religious teachers in rural communities around the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions">Institutions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamia_Ahmadiyya,_Rabwah.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jamia_Ahmadiyya%2C_Rabwah.JPG/220px-Jamia_Ahmadiyya%2C_Rabwah.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jamia_Ahmadiyya%2C_Rabwah.JPG/330px-Jamia_Ahmadiyya%2C_Rabwah.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jamia_Ahmadiyya%2C_Rabwah.JPG/440px-Jamia_Ahmadiyya%2C_Rabwah.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1782" /></a><figcaption>Pakistani campus of the Ahmadiyya University in <a href="/wiki/Rabwah" title="Rabwah">Rabwah</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Of all religious institutions of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, <i><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Ahmadiyya" title="Jamia Ahmadiyya">Jāmi’ah al-Ahmadīyya</a></i>, sometimes translated as <i>Ahmadiyya University of Theology and Languages</i>, is particularly notable. It is an international Islamic seminary and educational institute with several campuses throughout <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Founded in 1906 as a section in <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Madrassa Talim ul Islam</i></span> (later <a href="/wiki/Talim-ul-Islam_College" title="Talim-ul-Islam College">Talim-ul-Islam College</a>) by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, it is the main centre of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community for <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic learning</a> and the training of <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>. Graduates may be appointed by the Caliph either as missionaries of the Community<sup id="cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whyahmadi-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (often called Murrabi, <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Mawlana" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawlana">Mawlana</a>) or as <i><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Qadis</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Muftis</a></i> of the Community with a specialisation in matters of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a> (Islamic Jurisprudence). Some Jamia alumni have also become <a href="/wiki/Historian" title="Historian">Islamic historians</a>. As of 2008, there are over 1,300 graduates of the university working as missionaries throughout the world.<sup id="cite_ref-tehrike_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tehrike-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auxiliary_organizations">Auxiliary organizations</h3></div> <p>There are five organizations auxiliary to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Each organization is responsible for the spiritual and moral training of their members. The <i><a href="/wiki/Lajna_Imaillah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lajna Imaillah">Lajna Ima’illah</a></i> is the largest of all the organizations and consists of female members above the age of 15; <i><a href="/wiki/Khuddam-ul_Ahmadiyya" title="Khuddam-ul Ahmadiyya">Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya</a></i> is for male members between the ages of 15 and 40; <i><a href="/wiki/Ansarullah_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Ansarullah (Ahmadiyya)">Majlis Ansarullah</a></i> is for male members above the age of 40; <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Nasiratul Ahmadiyya</i></span> is for girls between the ages of 7 and 15; and <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Atfalul Ahmadiyya</i></span> is for boys between the ages of 7 and 15.<sup id="cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whyahmadi-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Community">The Community</h3></div><p> The International Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is divided into National Communities, each with its National Headquarters. Each National Community is further divided into Regional Communities, which is again partitioned into Local Communities.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cases, each Local Community will have its own mosque, centre or a <i>mission house</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Amīr</a>, or national president, though overseen by the central bodies of the Community, directs the National Amila or the National Executive Body which consists of national secretaries such as the general secretary, secretary for finance, secretary for preaching, secretary for moral training, and secretary for education, among others. This layout is replicated at regional and local levels with each of their own president and executive bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whyahmadi-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg/220px-Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg/330px-Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg/440px-Flags_at_Jalsa_Salana_Germany_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2654" data-file-height="1846" /></a><figcaption>The Ahmadiyya Flag and the <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_German_states" title="Flags of German states">flags of German states</a> at the 2009 German <i>Annual Convention</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annual_events">Annual events</h3></div> <p>Unlike the Muslim holidays of <i><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></i> also celebrated by Ahmadi Muslims, there are several functions observed by Ahmadis though not regarded as <a href="/wiki/Holiday#Religious_holidays" title="Holiday">religious holidays</a>. As such, functions are not considered equally obligatory nor is it necessary to celebrate them on the day normally set for celebration. The most important religious function of the Community is <i><a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a></i> or the Annual Convention, first initiated by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, is the formal annual gathering of the Community, for the purpose of increasing one's religious knowledge and the promotion of harmony, friendship, and solidarity within members of the Community.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other functions include "Life of the Holy Prophet Day", "<a href="/wiki/Promised_Messiah_Day" title="Promised Messiah Day">Promised Messiah Day</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Promised_Reformer_Day" title="Promised Reformer Day">Promised Reformer Day</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat Day">Caliphate Day</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persecution">Persecution</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution of Ahmadis</a></div> <p>Ahmadi have been viewed as infidels<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and heretics<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the movement has faced at times violent opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> officially declared that the Ahmadiyya was not linked to Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Pakistan, Ahmadis have been officially declared as non-Muslims by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-2ndamend_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ndamend-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the term <a href="/wiki/Qadiani" title="Qadiani"><i>Qādiānī</i></a> is often used pejoratively to refer to them and is also used in Pakistani documents.<sup id="cite_ref-Gualtieri_1989_14_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gualtieri_1989_14-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmadis have been subject to religious persecution and discrimination since the movement's inception in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ahmadis are active translators of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and proselytizers for the faith; converts to Islam in many parts of the world first discover Islam through the Ahmadis. However, in many Islamic countries the Ahmadis have been defined as heretics and non-Muslim and subjected to attacks and often systematic oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-persecution_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-persecution-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Islamic schools and branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadis" title="List of Ahmadis">List of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadiyya_buildings_and_structures" title="List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures">List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International">Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ahmadiyya_hospitals" title="Category:Ahmadiyya hospitals">Ahmadiyya hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New religious movement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">also <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-OED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-Jamāʿah al-Islāmīyyah al-Aḥmadīyyah</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">جماعتِ احمدیہ مسلمہ</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn">Jamā‘at-i-Aḥmadiyah Muslimah</i></span>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Ahmadiyya" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" 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required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131234240/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ahmadiyya">"Ahmadiyya"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Ahmadiyyah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fahmadiyyah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnipp2019" class="citation news cs1">Knipp, Kersten (7 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-the-ahmadiyya-muslim-jamaat/a-49500230">"Who are the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220924101548/https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-the-ahmadiyya-muslim-jamaat/a-49500230">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Ahmadiyya+Muslim+Jamaat%3F&rft.date=2019-07-07&rft.aulast=Knipp&rft.aufirst=Kersten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fwho-are-the-ahmadiyya-muslim-jamaat%2Fa-49500230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmann2011" class="citation web cs1">Friedmann, Yohanan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0004.xml">"The Ahmadiyyah Movement"</a>. <i>Oxford Bibliographies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214174733/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0004.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=The+Ahmadiyyah+Movement&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Friedmann&rft.aufirst=Yohanan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780195390155%2Fobo-9780195390155-0004.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÖzaykal2016" class="citation journal cs1">Özaykal, K. A. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuilah/issue/30645/331056">"Messianic Legitimacy: the case of Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya Movements"</a>. <i>Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Theology</i> (35): 217–256. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022212551/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuilah/issue/30645/331056">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Istanbul+University+Faculty+of+Theology&rft.atitle=Messianic+Legitimacy%3A+the+case+of+Ahmadiyya+and+Mahdiyya+Movements&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=217-256&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=%C3%96zaykal&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdergipark.org.tr%2Fen%2Fpub%2Fiuilah%2Fissue%2F30645%2F331056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valentine_2008_xv-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_2008_xv_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Valentine_2008_xv_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, Simon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&q=+islamic+reform"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+jama%CA%BBat%3A+History%2C+belief%2C+practice&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ78O1mjX2tMC%26q%3D%2Bislamic%2Breform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2009" class="citation book cs1">Morgan, Diane (2009). <i>Essential Islam: A comprehensive guide to belief and practice</i>. Greenwood Press. p. 242. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36025-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36025-1"><bdi>978-0-313-36025-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Islam%3A+A+comprehensive+guide+to+belief+and+practice&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36025-1&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Diane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/10.html">"Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825045532/http://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Founding+of+Ahmadiyya+Jamaat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fhistory%2Fahmadiyya%2F10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-banglapedia-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-banglapedia_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIslamJamal2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Islam, Sirajul</a>; Jamal, Ahmed A., eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmadiya">"Ahmadiya"</a>. <i>Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509044848/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ahmadiya">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ahmadiya&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DAhmadiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreckel2013" class="citation book cs1">Preckel, Claudia (2013). "Screening Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān's Library: The use of Ḥanbalī literature in 19th century Bhopal". In Krawietz, B.; Tamer, G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d2WiuAAACAAJ"><i>Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya</i></a>. Berlin, DE: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 174, 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110285345" title="Special:BookSources/9783110285345"><bdi>9783110285345</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Screening+%E1%B9%A2idd%C4%ABq+%E1%B8%A4asan+Kh%C4%81n%27s+Library%3A+The+use+of+%E1%B8%A4anbal%C4%AB+literature+in+19th+century+Bhopal&rft.btitle=Islamic+Theology%2C+Philosophy+and+Law%3A+Debating+Ibn+Taymiyya+and+Ibn+Qayyim+al-Jawziyya&rft.place=Berlin%2C+DE&rft.pages=174%2C+208&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9783110285345&rft.aulast=Preckel&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd2WiuAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The relativity of categorizing in the context of the Aḥmadiyya". <i>Die Welt des Islams</i>. <b>48</b> (3/4): 376. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157006008X364749">10.1163/157006008X364749</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27798273">27798273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt+des+Islams&rft.atitle=The+relativity+of+categorizing+in+the+context+of+the+A%E1%B8%A5madiyya&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=376&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157006008X364749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27798273%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lathan&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA20"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+Orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.aulast=Gualtieri&rft.aufirst=Antonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafiq1978" class="citation book cs1">Rafiq, B.A. (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/books/truth/reflection.html"><i>Truth about Ahmadiyyat, Reflection of all the Prophets</i></a>. London Mosque. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85525-013-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85525-013-5"><bdi>0-85525-013-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108120357/http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/reflection.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Truth+about+Ahmadiyyat%2C+Reflection+of+all+the+Prophets&rft.pub=London+Mosque&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85525-013-5&rft.aulast=Rafiq&rft.aufirst=B.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Ftruth%2Freflection.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2015" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&q=from+sufism+to+ahmadiyy"><i>From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253015297" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253015297"><bdi>978-0253015297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sufism+to+Ahmadiyya%3A+A+Muslim+minority+movement+in+south+Asia&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0253015297&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Adil+Hussain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2DxBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfrom%2Bsufism%2Bto%2Bahmadiyy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Global_Religion-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Global_Religion_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotin2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kotin, I.Y. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/globalreligion/n9.xml">"Ahmaddiya"</a>. In M., Juergensmeyer; Roof, W.C. (eds.). <i>Archived copy</i>. <i>Encyclopedia of Global Religion</i>. SAGE Publications. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412997898">10.4135/9781412997898</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761927297" title="Special:BookSources/9780761927297"><bdi>9780761927297</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210124228/http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/globalreligion/n9.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archived+copy&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Religion&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412997898&rft.isbn=9780761927297&rft.aulast=Kotin&rft.aufirst=I.Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsk.sagepub.com%2Freference%2Fglobalreligion%2Fn9.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diagonal-Verlag-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Diagonal-Verlag_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diagonal-Verlag_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Diagonal-Verlag_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRink1997" class="citation book cs1">Rink, Steffen (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5VcRAQAAIAAJ"><i>Religionen feiern: Feste und Feiertage religiöser Gemeinschaften in Deutschland</i></a>. Diagonal-Verlag. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783927165342" title="Special:BookSources/9783927165342"><bdi>9783927165342</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religionen+feiern%3A+Feste+und+Feiertage+religi%C3%B6ser+Gemeinschaften+in+Deutschland&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Diagonal-Verlag&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9783927165342&rft.aulast=Rink&rft.aufirst=Steffen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5VcRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pu.edu.pk-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pu.edu.pk_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwan2009" class="citation journal cs1">Awan, Samina (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/14/V_46_No2_July-Dec%202009.html">"Redefinition of identities, subalterns and political Islam: A case of Majlis i Ahrar in Punjab"</a>. <i>Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan</i>. <b>46</b> (2): 188–189. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180712084110/http://pu.edu.pk/home/journal/14/V_46_No2_July-Dec%202009.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Research+Society+of+Pakistan&rft.atitle=Redefinition+of+identities%2C+subalterns+and+political+Islam%3A+A+case+of+Majlis+i+Ahrar+in+Punjab&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=188-189&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Awan&rft.aufirst=Samina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpu.edu.pk%2Fhome%2Fjournal%2F14%2FV_46_No2_July-Dec%25202009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aaiil.org-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aaiil.org_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aaiil.org_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aaiil.org_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan1945" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Murtaza (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080718191237/http://aaiil.org/text/books/others/murtazakhan/nameahmadiyyanecessity/nameahmadiyyanecessity.pdf"><i>The Name Ahmadiyya and Its Necessity</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaiil.org/text/books/others/murtazakhan/nameahmadiyyanecessity/nameahmadiyyanecessity.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Name+Ahmadiyya+and+Its+Necessity&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Murtaza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaiil.org%2Ftext%2Fbooks%2Fothers%2Fmurtazakhan%2Fnameahmadiyyanecessity%2Fnameahmadiyyanecessity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA18"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. pp. 18–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+Orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=18-20&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.aulast=Gualtieri&rft.aufirst=Antonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmann,_Yohanan2003" class="citation book cs1">Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). <i>Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. 116–17, 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X" title="Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X"><bdi>965-264-014-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+Continuous%3A+Aspects+of+Ahmadi+Religious+Thought+and+Its+Medieval+Background&rft.pages=116-17%2C+121&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=965-264-014-X&rft.au=Friedmann%2C+Yohanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2015" class="citation book cs1">Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&q=from+sufism+to+ahmadiyy"><i>From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia</i></a>. Indiana University Press. pp. 2, 42–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253015297" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253015297"><bdi>978-0253015297</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Sufism+to+Ahmadiyya%3A+A+Muslim+minority+movement+in+south+Asia&rft.pages=2%2C+42-48&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0253015297&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Adil+Hussain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2DxBwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dfrom%2Bsufism%2Bto%2Bahmadiyy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA22"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.aulast=Gualtieri&rft.aufirst=Antonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alislam.org-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alislam.org_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html">"An Overview"</a>. Alislam.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316012248/http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Overview&rft.pub=Alislam.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fintroduction%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, Simon (2008). <i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice</i>. Columbia University Press. pp. xv passim. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+jama%CA%BBat%3A+History%2C+belief%2C+practice&rft.pages=xv+passim&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_J.1985" class="citation web cs1">Louis J., Hammann (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/introduction/intro-louis-hammann.html">"Ahmaddiyyat - an introduction"</a>. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community [online]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611191746/https://www.alislam.org/introduction/intro-louis-hammann.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmaddiyyat+-+an+introduction&rft.pub=Ahmadiyya+Muslim+Community+%5Bonline%5D&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Louis+J.&rft.aufirst=Hammann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fintroduction%2Fintro-louis-hammann.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeaves2017" class="citation book cs1">Geaves, Ron (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mMA2DwAAQBAJ"><i>Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-7173-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-7173-8"><bdi>978-1-4742-7173-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Britain%3A+Muslim+Mission+in+an+Age+of+Empire&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-4742-7173-8&rft.aulast=Geaves&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmMA2DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span> "They were the first Muslim organization to send missionaries to the West ..."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilham2014" class="citation book cs1">Gilham, Jamie (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ggQqBgAAQBAJ"><i>Loyal Enemies: British converts to Islam, 1850–1950</i></a>. C. Hurst & Co. pp. 123–213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-275-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-275-8"><bdi>978-1-84904-275-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loyal+Enemies%3A+British+converts+to+Islam%2C+1850%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=123-213&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-275-8&rft.aulast=Gilham&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DggQqBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyad2015" class="citation book cs1">Ryad, Umar (2015). "Salafiyya, Ahmadiyya, and European converts to Islam in the interwar period". In Agai, B.; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/9789004301979/B9789004301979-s004.xml"><i>Muslims in Interwar Europe: A transcultural historical perspective</i></a>. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 47–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004301979_004">10.1163/9789004301979_004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30197-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30197-9"><bdi>978-90-04-30197-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159980688">159980688</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228140738/https://brill.com/display/book/9789004301979/B9789004301979-s004.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2023</span>. <q>In the interwar period the Ahmadiyya occupied a pioneering place as a Muslim missionary movement in Europe; they established mosques, printed missionary publications in a variety of European languages, and attracted many European converts to Islam.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 47">: 47 </span></sup></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salafiyya%2C+Ahmadiyya%2C+and+European+converts+to+Islam+in+the+interwar+period&rft.btitle=Muslims+in+Interwar+Europe%3A+A+transcultural+historical+perspective&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=47-87&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159980688%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004301979_004&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30197-9&rft.aulast=Ryad&rft.aufirst=Umar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789004301979%2FB9789004301979-s004.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonker2015" class="citation book cs1">Jonker, Gerdien (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GUUpCwAAQBAJ"><i>The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress: Missionizing Europe 1900–1965</i></a>. Brill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30529-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30529-8"><bdi>978-90-04-30529-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahmadiyya+Quest+for+Religious+Progress%3A+Missionizing+Europe+1900%E2%80%931965&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-90-04-30529-8&rft.aulast=Jonker&rft.aufirst=Gerdien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGUUpCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraemer1960" class="citation book cs1">Kraemer, Hendrik (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vI7JN_AsWrYC"><i>World Cultures and World Religions: The coming dialogue</i></a>. James Clarke & Co. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780227170953" title="Special:BookSources/9780227170953"><bdi>9780227170953</bdi></a>. <q>The spirit of their tenets and the militant vigour of their founder have made the Ahmadiyya naturally a group with strong missionary and reforming zeal, both inside the lands of Islam where they are represented and outside. They constitute almost exclusively the "Muslim Missions" in Western countries and elsewhere ... They devote themselves with sincere enthusiasm to the task of proclaiming Islam to the world in a rationalist, often combative way, and try in Muslim lands to purify and reform the dominant type of popular Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Cultures+and+World+Religions%3A+The+coming+dialogue&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=James+Clarke+%26+Co.&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=9780227170953&rft.aulast=Kraemer&rft.aufirst=Hendrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvI7JN_AsWrYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315022054/http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html">"Major Branches of Religions"</a>. Adherents.com. 28 October 2005. Archived from the original on 15 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Branches+of+Religions&rft.pub=Adherents.com&rft.date=2005-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fadh_branches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8"><i>Breach of Faith</i></a>. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216172659/https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breach+of+Faith&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyi8ONIe1fv4C%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeVriesBakerOvermyer2011" class="citation book cs1">DeVries, Larry; Baker, Don; Overmyer, Dan (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72"><i>Asian Religions in British Columbia</i></a>. University of Columbia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1662-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1662-5"><bdi>978-0-7748-1662-5</bdi></a>. <q>The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Religions+in+British+Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+Columbia+Press&rft.date=2011-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5&rft.aulast=DeVries&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Baker%2C+Don&rft.au=Overmyer%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdgtgGhMUgIUC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampo2009" class="citation book cs1">Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. Infobase. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5454-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5454-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-5454-1</bdi></a>. <q>The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1&rft.aulast=Campo&rft.aufirst=Juan+Eduardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZbyz_Hr-eIC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">"Ahmadiyya Muslims"</a>. PBS. 20 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310050128/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyya+Muslims&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Freligionandethics%2F2012%2F01%2F20%2Fjanuary-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims%2F10124%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html">"Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: An overview"</a>. <i>Al Islam</i>. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316012248/http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Islam&rft.atitle=Ahmadiyya+Muslim+Community%3A+An+overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fintroduction%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawton2012" class="citation news cs1">Lawton, Kim (20 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">"Ahmadiyya Muslims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310050128/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmadiyya+Muslims&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft.aulast=Lawton&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Freligionandethics%2F2012%2F01%2F20%2Fjanuary-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims%2F10124%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLago2011" class="citation book cs1">Lago, Colin, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9vREBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA312"><i>The Handbook of Transcultural Counselling and Psychotherapy</i></a>. UK: <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill Education">McGraw-Hill Education</a> (published 1 October 2011). p. 312. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780335238514" title="Special:BookSources/9780335238514"><bdi>9780335238514</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Transcultural+Counselling+and+Psychotherapy&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=312&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780335238514&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9vREBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-persecution-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-persecution_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-persecution_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzani" class="citation web cs1">Balzani, Marzia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160426164635/http://hc04.commongroundconferences.com/ProposalSystem/Presentations/P001446">"Localising Diaspora: The Ahmadi Muslims and the Problem of Multi-sited Ethnography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hc04.commongroundconferences.com/ProposalSystem/Presentations/P001446">the original</a> on 26 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Localising+Diaspora%3A+The+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+the+Problem+of+Multi-sited+Ethnography&rft.aulast=Balzani&rft.aufirst=Marzia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhc04.commongroundconferences.com%2FProposalSystem%2FPresentations%2FP001446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloudhury2003" class="citation news cs1">Cloudhury, Barnie (26 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3098725.stm">"Islamic sect gathers in Surrey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141023074042/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3098725.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Islamic+sect+gathers+in+Surrey&rft.date=2003-07-26&rft.aulast=Cloudhury&rft.aufirst=Barnie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2F3098725.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gualtieri_1989_14-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gualtieri_1989_14_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gualtieri_1989_14_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA14"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadis+and+Orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.aulast=Gualtieri&rft.aufirst=Antonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer_Lavan1974" class="citation book cs1">Spencer Lavan (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5q1WAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Ahmadiyah Movement: a History and Perspective</i></a>. Monohar Book Service. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780883864555" title="Special:BookSources/9780883864555"><bdi>9780883864555</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahmadiyah+Movement%3A+a+History+and+Perspective&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Monohar+Book+Service&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780883864555&rft.au=Spencer+Lavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5q1WAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revuedumondemusu01miss/page/534/mode/2up">"A short sketch of the Ahmadiyya Movement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_du_monde_musulman" title="Revue du monde musulman">Revue du monde musulman</a></i>, 1 (1907):535–576. p.545</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60Qm9fprZ9UC&pg=PA46">Commentary on The Holy Quran, Volume 1 Surah Fatiha</a></i>, Islam International, 2004, pp. 46–57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūẓāt</a></i> [Dialogues], Vol.2, (London: The Gresham Press, 1984), pp. 208–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Majmu'a Ishtihārāt</i>, Vol.3, (London: The Gresham Press, 1984), p.364, dated 4 November 1900</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khálid Durán, Munir D. Ahmed (2005), 'Pakistan' in W. Ende & U. Steinbach (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ot46oyicVZkC"><i>Der Islam in der Gegenwart</i></a> (5th edition) Munich: CH Beck, p.355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_R._Gualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Antonio R. Gualtieri (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA14"><i>Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan</i></a>. Guernica Editions. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-920717-41-7"><bdi>978-0-920717-41-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+and+Coercion%3A+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+Orthodoxy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-920717-41-7&rft.au=Antonio+R.+Gualtieri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCwHaOabz7YC%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, Simon (2008). <i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: history, belief, practice</i>. Columbia University Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+jama%CA%BBat%3A+history%2C+belief%2C+practice&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQasmi2015" class="citation book cs1">Qasmi, Ali Usman (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F_o1DgAAQBAJ"><i>The Ahmadis and the Politics of Religious Exclusion in Pakistan</i></a>. Anthem Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-425-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78308-425-8"><bdi>978-1-78308-425-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahmadis+and+the+Politics+of+Religious+Exclusion+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Anthem+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78308-425-8&rft.aulast=Qasmi&rft.aufirst=Ali+Usman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF_o1DgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The Relativity of Categorizing in the Context of the Aḥmadiyya". <i>Die Welt des Islams</i>. <b>48</b> (3/4): 372–393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157006008X364749">10.1163/157006008X364749</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27798273">27798273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt+des+Islams&rft.atitle=The+Relativity+of+Categorizing+in+the+Context+of+the+A%E1%B8%A5madiyya&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=372-393&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157006008X364749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27798273%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lathan&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205180023/http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/page.php?title=&record=1512">"H.H. Risley and E.A. Gait, (1903), Report of the Census of India, 1901, Calcutta, Superintendent of Government Printing, p. 373"</a>. Chinese Heritage of the Australian Federation Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au/dcd/page.php?title=&record=1512">the original</a> on 5 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=H.H.+Risley+and+E.A.+Gait%2C+%281903%29%2C+Report+of+the+Census+of+India%2C+1901%2C+Calcutta%2C+Superintendent+of+Government+Printing%2C+p.+373&rft.pub=Chinese+Heritage+of+the+Australian+Federation+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au%2Fdcd%2Fpage.php%3Ftitle%3D%26record%3D1512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEgdunas_Racius2004" class="citation book cs1">Egdunas Racius (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414031149/http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/vk/racius/themulti.pdf"><i>The Multiple Nature of the Islamic Da'wa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. University of Helsinki. pp. 158–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/952-10-0489-4" title="Special:BookSources/952-10-0489-4"><bdi>952-10-0489-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/vk/racius/themulti.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Multiple+Nature+of+the+Islamic+Da%27wa&rft.pages=158-160&rft.pub=University+of+Helsinki&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=952-10-0489-4&rft.au=Egdunas+Racius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethesis.helsinki.fi%2Fjulkaisut%2Fhum%2Faasia%2Fvk%2Fracius%2Fthemulti.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner2003" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Richard Brent (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islamintheaf_turn_2003_000_10461993"><i>Islam in the African-American Experience</i></a></span>. Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34323-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34323-9"><bdi>978-0-253-34323-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+the+African-American+Experience&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34323-9&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Richard+Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislamintheaf_turn_2003_000_10461993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Nkuzi_Nnam2007" class="citation book cs1">Michael Nkuzi Nnam (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7tlxoF7Y5BEC&pg=PA89"><i>Colonial Mentality in Africa</i></a>. US. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-3291-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-3291-1"><bdi>978-0-7618-3291-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+Mentality+in+Africa&rft.place=US&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-3291-1&rft.au=Michael+Nkuzi+Nnam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7tlxoF7Y5BEC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Ross_Valentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon Ross Valentine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&pg=PA250"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850659167" title="Special:BookSources/9781850659167"><bdi>9781850659167</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+Jama%27at%3A+History%2C+Belief%2C+Practice&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781850659167&rft.au=Simon+Ross+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdRth02Q6nAC%26pg%3DPA250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmann,_Yohanan2003" class="citation book cs1">Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). <i>Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X" title="Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X"><bdi>965-264-014-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+Continuous%3A+Aspects+of+Ahmadi+Religious+Thought+and+Its+Medieval+Background&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=965-264-014-X&rft.au=Friedmann%2C+Yohanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lahori-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lahori_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lahori_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement has unofficially stated its total population to be up to 30,000, of which 5,000 to 10,000 live in Pakistan. On this basis, the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement represents approximately 0.2% of the total Ahmadiyya population. See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Ross_Valentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon Ross Valentine (6 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA61"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+Jama%CA%BBat%3A+History%2C+Belief%2C+Practice&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10-06&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.au=Simon+Ross+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ78O1mjX2tMC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0">"Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143519/https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Situation+of+members+of+the+Lahori+Ahmadiyya+Movement+in+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Frwmain%3Fpage%3Dcountry%26category%3D%26publisher%3DIRBC%26type%3DQUERYRESPONSE%26coi%3DPAK%26rid%3D%26docid%3D45f1478f20%26skip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-secondcaliph-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-secondcaliph_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-secondcaliph_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoulvi_Bashir_Ahmad_Dehlavi2000" class="citation web cs1">Moulvi Bashir Ahmad Dehlavi (23 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/mahmood1.html">"Hazrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmood Ahmad"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626122416/http://www.alislam.org/library/mahmood1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hazrat+Mirza+Bashiruddin+Mahmood+Ahmad&rft.date=2000-02-23&rft.au=Moulvi+Bashir+Ahmad+Dehlavi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fmahmood1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-third-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-third_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-third_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/nasir1.html">"Hazrat Hafiz Mirza Nasir Ahmad"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817114347/http://www.alislam.org/library/nasir1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hazrat+Hafiz+Mirza+Nasir+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fnasir1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIshtiaq_Ahmed2011" class="citation book cs1">Ishtiaq Ahmed (4 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2T8oSfy3GZgC&pg=PA89"><i>The Politics of Religion in South and Southeast Asia</i></a>. Routledge. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136727030" title="Special:BookSources/9781136727030"><bdi>9781136727030</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Religion+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011-05-04&rft.isbn=9781136727030&rft.au=Ishtiaq+Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2T8oSfy3GZgC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIain_Adamson" class="citation book cs1">Iain Adamson. <i>A Man of God</i>. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Man+of+God&rft.pages=127&rft.au=Iain+Adamson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817122519/http://www.whyahmadi.org/1_12.html">"The Lives of the Successors of the Promised Messiah"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whyahmadi.org/1_12.html">the original</a> on 17 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Successors+of+the+Promised+Messiah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whyahmadi.org%2F1_12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_C._Martín2003" class="citation book cs1">Richard C. Martín (2 December 2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World</i>. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0028656038" title="Special:BookSources/978-0028656038"><bdi>978-0028656038</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam+%26+the+Muslim+World&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2003-12-02&rft.isbn=978-0028656038&rft.au=Richard+C.+Mart%C3%ADn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tahir-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tahir_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tahir_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140903214403/http://www.londonbookfair.co.uk/Global-Elements/LBF-2012/Exhibitor-Directory/Exhibitors/Exhibitor-Libraries/Libraries/?coId=23548">"Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad (1928–2003)"</a>. London Book Fair. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londonbookfair.co.uk/Global-Elements/LBF-2012/Exhibitor-Directory/Exhibitors/Exhibitor-Libraries/Libraries/?coId=23548">the original</a> on 3 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hadhrat+Mirza+Tahir+Ahmad+%281928%E2%80%932003%29&rft.pub=London+Book+Fair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.londonbookfair.co.uk%2FGlobal-Elements%2FLBF-2012%2FExhibitor-Directory%2FExhibitors%2FExhibitor-Libraries%2FLibraries%2F%3FcoId%3D23548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Buckley2008" class="citation book cs1">David Buckley (28 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k7C1sRfldM4C&pg=PA75"><i>Where the Waters Meet: Convergence and Complementarity in Therapy and Theology</i></a>. Karnac Books. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780493886" title="Special:BookSources/9781780493886"><bdi>9781780493886</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+the+Waters+Meet%3A+Convergence+and+Complementarity+in+Therapy+and+Theology&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Karnac+Books&rft.date=2008-05-28&rft.isbn=9781780493886&rft.au=David+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk7C1sRfldM4C%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324059704578474981045877660">"Clamoring for the Khalifa"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. 12 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627030901/http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324059704578474981045877660">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Clamoring+for+the+Khalifa&rft.date=2013-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887324059704578474981045877660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li>Annemarie Schimmel <i>et al.</i>: <i>Der Islam III. Volksfrömmigkeit, Islamische Kultur, Zeitgenössische Strömungen.</i> <a href="/wiki/Kohlhammer_Verlag" title="Kohlhammer Verlag">Kohlhammer Verlag</a>, Stuttgart 1990, S. 418–420</li> <li>Marzia Balzani.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lcpiAgAAQBAJ">'An ethnographer among the Ahmadis: Learning Islam in the suburbs' in Gabriele Marranci (ed.) <i>Studying Islam in Practice</i>.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406042941/https://books.google.com/books?id=lcpiAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> 6 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Routledge, 2014, p.117.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/islam/">"Islam"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407234632/http://www.alislam.org/islam/">Archived</a> 7 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Al Islam Online</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/browse/book/The_Essence_of_Islam/?p=2&l=English#page/129/mode/1up"><i>The Essence of Islam</i>, Vol. II, pp. 129–39,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203224448/https://www.alislam.org/library/browse/book/The_Essence_of_Islam/?p=2&l=English#page/129/mode/1up">Archived</a> 3 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Tilford: Islam International</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/question/difference-between-ahmadi-muslims-others/">"What is the difference between Ahmadi Muslims and other Muslims?"</a>. <i>Al Islam</i>. 18 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Islam&rft.atitle=What+is+the+difference+between+Ahmadi+Muslims+and+other+Muslims%3F&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fquestion%2Fdifference-between-ahmadi-muslims-others%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li>Adil Hussain Khan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ&q=from+sufism+to+ahmadiyy">"From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia"</a> Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253015297" title="Special:BookSources/978-0253015297">978-0253015297</a> <ul><li>"It may be useful to mention that Ahmadis do not actually adhere to the Hanafi school of thought like most South Asian Muslims, even though many rulings are loosely based on Hanafi methodology." p.12</li> <li>"Ahmadis claim to base their legal methodology primarily on rulings and principles of the Hanafi <i>madhhab</i> but reject strict adherence to any particular school of thought, which is likely a direct result of Ghulam Ahmad's Ahl-i Hadith influence." p.59</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLathan2008" class="citation journal cs1">Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The Relativity of Categorizing in the Context of the Aḥmadiyya". <i>Die Welt des Islams</i>. <b>48</b> (3/4): 372–393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157006008X364749">10.1163/157006008X364749</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27798273">27798273</a>. <q>For him [Ghulam Ahmad] the main source of law was the Qurʾān, followed by the Prophet's actions and statements (<i>sunna</i>) and the traditions (<i>aḥādīth</i>). The tradition would only meet approval if it did not contradict the Qurʾān. If all three sources did not lead to a solution, Ghulām Aḥmad would refer to the jurisprudence (<i>fiqh</i>) of the Ḥanafī school and to the <i>ijtihād</i> by the scholars of the Aḥmadiyya.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt+des+Islams&rft.atitle=The+Relativity+of+Categorizing+in+the+Context+of+the+A%E1%B8%A5madiyya&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=372-393&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157006008X364749&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27798273%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lathan&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Muniruddin Ahmed, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315020027/http://munirdahmed.netfirms.com/Fiqh.html"><i>Das Fiqh der Ahmadiyya</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080315020027/http://munirdahmed.netfirms.com/Fiqh.html">Archived</a> 15 March 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/books/What-is-Ahmadiyyat.pdf">What is Ahmadiyyat? Question Answered by the Head of the Ahmadiyya Community</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203013818/https://www.alislam.org/library/books/What-is-Ahmadiyyat.pdf">Archived</a> 3 December 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, 1963; pp.26–31</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hWIkm-nXbK0&t=30s">"Question & Answer Session (3 March 1996) with Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Islam Ahmadiyya"</a>. 22 February 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211215/hWIkm-nXbK0">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2017</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Question+%26+Answer+Session+%283+March+1996%29+with+Hadhrat+Mirza+Tahir+Ahmad%2C+Islam+Ahmadiyya&rft.date=2011-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhWIkm-nXbK0%26t%3D30s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.R._Dard" class="citation book cs1">A.R. Dard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/books/Life-of-Ahmad.pdf"><i>Life of Ahmad</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islami International Publications. p. XV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930180152/https://www.alislam.org/library/books/Life-of-Ahmad.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Ahmad&rft.pages=XV&rft.pub=Islami+International+Publications&rft.au=A.R.+Dard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FLife-of-Ahmad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ina Wunn: <i>Muslimische Gruppierungen in Deutschland.</i> Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2007, S. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/The_Promised_Messiah_Prophecies_Fulfilled-20081007MN.html">"The Promised Messiah – Prophecies Fulfilled"</a>. Alislam.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725000642/http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/The_Promised_Messiah_Prophecies_Fulfilled-20081007MN.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Promised+Messiah+%E2%80%93+Prophecies+Fulfilled&rft.pub=Alislam.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Farticles%2FThe_Promised_Messiah_Prophecies_Fulfilled-20081007MN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=2739&region=E1&CR=EN,E2">"The Holy Quran"</a>. Alislam.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725000651/http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=2739&region=E1&CR=EN%2CE2">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Quran&rft.pub=Alislam.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fquran%2Ftafseer%2F%3Fpage%3D2739%26region%3DE1%26CR%3DEN%2CE2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ita_4-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ita_4_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Invitation to Ahmadiyyat by Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad Part II, Argument 4, Chapter "Promised Messiah, Promised One of All Religions"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Ross_Valentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon Ross Valentine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&q=simon+ross+valentine+ahmadiyya"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: history, belief, practice</i></a>. Columbia University Press. pp. 32–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+jama%CA%BBat%3A+history%2C+belief%2C+practice&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.au=Simon+Ross+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ78O1mjX2tMC%26q%3Dsimon%2Bross%2Bvalentine%2Bahmadiyya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasir_Mahmood_Malik2007" class="citation web cs1">Nasir Mahmood Malik (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/2007WCJSSpeech_20071228.pdf">"Raising Ahmadi Children in the West"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Al Islam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927222512/http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/2007WCJSSpeech_20071228.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Raising+Ahmadi+Children+in+the+West&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Nasir+Mahmood+Malik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Farticles%2F2007WCJSSpeech_20071228.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewofreligions.org/11030/islam-a-threat-or-a-source-of-peace/">"Islam – A Threat or a Source of Peace"</a>. Review of Religions. 27 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100150/http://www.reviewofreligions.org/11030/islam-a-threat-or-a-source-of-peace/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islam+%E2%80%93+A+Threat+or+a+Source+of+Peace&rft.date=2014-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewofreligions.org%2F11030%2Fislam-a-threat-or-a-source-of-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallagher_2021-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher_2021_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gallagher_2021_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagherWillsky-Ciollo2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Gallagher" title="Eugene V. 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Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 8–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6235-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6235-9"><bdi>978-1-4408-6235-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ahmadiyya+Movement&rft.btitle=New+Religions%3A+Emerging+Faiths+and+Religious+Cultures+in+the+Modern+World&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=8-11&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6235-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DId4aEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140703080224/http://www.alislam.org/allah/roohani%20khazain.html">"Mirza Ghulam Ahmad on the Unity of Allah"</a>. Al Islam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/allah/roohani%20khazain.html">the original</a> on 3 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mirza+Ghulam+Ahmad+on+the+Unity+of+Allah&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fallah%2Froohani%2520khazain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welcome_54-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-welcome_54_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islami International Publications. p. 54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+True+Islam&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Islami+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/allah/">"Allah"</a>. Alislam.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725000636/http://www.alislam.org/allah/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allah&rft.pub=Alislam.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fallah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welcome_64-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-welcome_64_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. p. 64. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+True+Islam&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welcome_65-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-welcome_65_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. p. 65. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+True+Islam&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knowledge_34-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knowledge_34_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Book of Religious Knowledge" by Waheed Ahmad, pg. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2012" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James (2012). <i>Ethnic groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam.org&rft.atitle=Finality+of+Prophethood+%26%23124%3B+Hadhrat+Muhammad+%28PUBH%29+the+Last+Prophet+%E2%80%93+Al+Islam+Online&rft.date=1966-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Ftruth%2Ffinality.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/question-answer/lord-krishna-jesus-christ/">"Lord Krishna and Jesus Christ"</a>. <i>Alislam.org</i>. 11 February 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215024/https://www.alislam.org/question-answer/lord-krishna-jesus-christ/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam.org&rft.atitle=Lord+Krishna+and+Jesus+Christ&rft.date=2000-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fquestion-answer%2Flord-krishna-jesus-christ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000179.html">"Man Lived on Earth Even Before the Advent of Adam"</a>. <i>Alislam.org</i>. 16 February 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140818114115/http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000179.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam.org&rft.atitle=Man+Lived+on+Earth+Even+Before+the+Advent+of+Adam&rft.date=2000-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Flinks%2F00000179.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tti_72-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tti_72_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tti_72_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tti_72_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, The True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. p. 72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+The+True+Islam&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islami International Publications. p. 73. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+True+Islam&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Islami+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tti_73-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tti_73_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, The True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. pp. 73–74. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+The+True+Islam&rft.pages=73-74&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Dannin2005" class="citation book cs1">Robert Dannin (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jWymQkzSAtMC&pg=PA37"><i>Black Pilgrimage to Islam</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195300246" title="Special:BookSources/9780195300246"><bdi>9780195300246</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Pilgrimage+to+Islam&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-08&rft.isbn=9780195300246&rft.au=Robert+Dannin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjWymQkzSAtMC%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/islam/">"Islam"</a>. Al Islam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150407234632/http://www.alislam.org/islam/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fislam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alislam.org-2-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alislam.org-2_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alislam.org-2_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alislam.org-2_80-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> •  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/articles/jesus-son-of-mary-islamic-beliefs/">"Jesus Son of Mary – Islamic Beliefs"</a>. <i>Alislam.org</i>. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716222819/https://www.alislam.org/articles/jesus-son-of-mary-islamic-beliefs/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam.org&rft.atitle=Jesus+Son+of+Mary+%E2%80%93+Islamic+Beliefs&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Farticles%2Fjesus-son-of-mary-islamic-beliefs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span><br /> •  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoraya2020" class="citation web cs1">Goraya, Azhar Ahmad (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/articles/jesus-christ-died-natural-death/">"Jesus Christ died a Natural Death"</a>. <i>Alislam.org</i>. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200505132912/https://www.alislam.org/articles/jesus-christ-died-natural-death/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam.org&rft.atitle=Jesus+Christ+died+a+Natural+Death&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Goraya&rft.aufirst=Azhar+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Farticles%2Fjesus-christ-died-natural-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span><br /> •  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIqbal2020" class="citation web cs1">Iqbal, Farhan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/articles/30-verses-of-holy-quran-which-prove-natural-death-of-jesus-christ/">"30 Verses of the Holy Quran which prove the Natural Death of Jesus Christ"</a>. <i>Alislam.org</i>. Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210716222812/https://www.alislam.org/articles/30-verses-of-holy-quran-which-prove-natural-death-of-jesus-christ/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alislam.org&rft.atitle=30+Verses+of+the+Holy+Quran+which+prove+the+Natural+Death+of+Jesus+Christ&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Iqbal&rft.aufirst=Farhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Farticles%2F30-verses-of-holy-quran-which-prove-natural-death-of-jesus-christ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/index.php">"Jesus, a Humble Prophet of God"</a>. Al Islam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518182901/http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesus%2C+a+Humble+Prophet+of+God&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Ftopics%2Fjesus%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korbel-Preckel_2016-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korbel-Preckel_2016_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorbelPreckel2016" class="citation book cs1">Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtY6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA426">"Ghulām Aḥmad al-Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India (India, 1908)"</a>. In Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Reichmuth_(academic)" title="Stefan Reichmuth (academic)">Reichmuth, Stefan</a> (eds.). <i>Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism</i>. Numen Book Series. Vol. 154. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 426–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004329003_034">10.1163/9789004329003_034</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32511-1"><bdi>978-90-04-32511-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ghul%C4%81m+A%E1%B8%A5mad+al-Q%C4%81diy%C4%81n%C4%AB%3A+The+Messiah+of+the+Christians%E2%80%94Peace+upon+Him%E2%80%94in+India+%28India%2C+1908%29&rft.btitle=Religious+Dynamics+under+the+Impact+of+Imperialism+and+Colonialism&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Numen+Book+Series&rft.pages=426-442&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004329003_034&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32511-1&rft.aulast=Korbel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Preckel%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZtY6DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leirvik_2010-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leirvik_2010_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeirvik2010" class="citation book cs1">Leirvik, Oddbjørn (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gzd_I2AFswwC&pg=PA34">"Christ in the Qurʾān and in Ḥadīth"</a>. <i>Images of Jesus Christ in Islam</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International</a>. pp. 34–36, 129–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781472548528.ch-002">10.5040/9781472548528.ch-002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-7739-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-7739-1"><bdi>978-1-4411-7739-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christ+in+the+Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n+and+in+%E1%B8%A4ad%C4%ABth&rft.btitle=Images+of+Jesus+Christ+in+Islam&rft.place=London&rft.pages=34-36%2C+129-132&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Continuum+International&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9781472548528.ch-002&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-7739-1&rft.aulast=Leirvik&rft.aufirst=Oddbj%C3%B8rn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGzd_I2AFswwC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaiil.org/uk/newsletters/2001/1001ukbulletin.pdf">"Death of Jesus"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011911/http://www.aaiil.org/uk/newsletters/2001/1001ukbulletin.pdf">Archived</a> 5 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, by Shahid Aziz, Bulletin October 2001, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore (UK)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=50">The Promised Mehdi and Messiah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402211143/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=50">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 50, "Jesus Migrated to India", by Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tpmam-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tpmam_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=37">The Promised Messiah and Mehdi – The Question of Finality of Prophethood</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704035718/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/promisedmessiah/index.htm?page=37">Archived</a> 4 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120414065050/http://www.whyahmadi.org/3_10.html">"Suspension of Jihad"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whyahmadi.org/3_10.html">the original</a> on 14 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suspension+of+Jihad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whyahmadi.org%2F3_10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Ross_Valentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon Ross Valentine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&pg=PA190"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850659167" title="Special:BookSources/9781850659167"><bdi>9781850659167</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+Jama%27at%3A+History%2C+Belief%2C+Practice&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781850659167&rft.au=Simon+Ross+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdRth02Q6nAC%26pg%3DPA190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewofreligions.org/2671/true-concept-of-islamic-jihad/">"True Concept of Islamic Jihad"</a>. Review of Religions. 15 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150330004342/http://www.reviewofreligions.org/2671/true-concept-of-islamic-jihad/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=True+Concept+of+Islamic+Jihad&rft.pub=Review+of+Religions&rft.date=2010-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewofreligions.org%2F2671%2Ftrue-concept-of-islamic-jihad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewofreligions.org/2621/is-islam-a-threat-to-poland-and-world-peace/">"Is Islam a Threat to Poland and World Peace?"</a>. Review of Religions. 15 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155237/http://www.reviewofreligions.org/2621/is-islam-a-threat-to-poland-and-world-peace/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Islam+a+Threat+to+Poland+and+World+Peace%3F&rft.pub=Review+of+Religions&rft.date=2010-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewofreligions.org%2F2621%2Fis-islam-a-threat-to-poland-and-world-peace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFatoohi2012" class="citation book cs1">Fatoohi, Louay (2012). <i>Abrogation in the Qur'an and Islamic Law</i>. Routledge. pp. 70–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138809512" title="Special:BookSources/9781138809512"><bdi>9781138809512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abrogation+in+the+Qur%27an+and+Islamic+Law&rft.pages=70-80&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781138809512&rft.aulast=Fatoohi&rft.aufirst=Louay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAn-Na'im1996" class="citation book cs1">An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed (1996). <i>Toward An Islamic Reformation: Civil Liberties, Human Rights, and International Law</i>. Syracuse University Press. pp. 20–22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toward+An+Islamic+Reformation%3A+Civil+Liberties%2C+Human+Rights%2C+and+International+Law&rft.pages=20-22&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=An-Na%27im&rft.aufirst=Abdullahi+Ahmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>John Burton (1990), Islamic Theories of Abrogation, pp. 43–44, 56–59, 122–124, Edinburgh University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-0108-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-0108-2">0-7486-0108-2</a>, page 95</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Friedmann-227-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Friedmann-227_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Friedmann-227_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Yohanan_Friedmann" title="Yohanan Friedmann">Friedmann</a>, <i>Jihād in Ahmadī Thought</i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X" title="Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X">965-264-014-X</a>, p. 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieu_Guidère2012" class="citation book cs1">Mathieu Guidère (20 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA22"><i>Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810879652" title="Special:BookSources/9780810879652"><bdi>9780810879652</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Islamic+Fundamentalism&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012-07-20&rft.isbn=9780810879652&rft.au=Mathieu+Guid%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtCvhzGiDMYsC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reviewofreligions.org/4023/from-the-archives-why-i-believe-in-islam/">"From the Archives:Why I believe in Islam"</a>. Review of Religions. 15 June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101148/http://www.reviewofreligions.org/4023/from-the-archives-why-i-believe-in-islam/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+the+Archives%3AWhy+I+believe+in+Islam&rft.pub=Review+of+Religions&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reviewofreligions.org%2F4023%2Ffrom-the-archives-why-i-believe-in-islam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyub_K._Ommaya" class="citation web cs1">Ayub K. Ommaya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.members.tripod.com/ppim/page571.htm">"The Rise and Decline of Science in Islam"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150119094418/http://www.members.tripod.com/ppim/page571.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Decline+of+Science+in+Islam&rft.au=Ayub+K.+Ommaya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.members.tripod.com%2Fppim%2Fpage571.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaud_A_Hanif2003" class="citation journal cs1">Daud A Hanif (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/new/Prophets_of_God.html">"Prophets of God"</a>. <i>The Muslim Sunrise</i> (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326231343/http://www.alislam.org/library/articles/new/Prophets_of_God.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+Sunrise&rft.atitle=Prophets+of+God&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Daud+A+Hanif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Farticles%2Fnew%2FProphets_of_God.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626100223/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=Ne280712Minority.asp">"The Minority's Minority"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main53.asp?filename=Ne280712Minority.asp">the original</a> on 26 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Minority%27s+Minority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.tehelka.com%2Fstory_main53.asp%3Ffilename%3DNe280712Minority.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1057427">"The 1974 ouster of the 'heretics': What really happened?"</a>. 21 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150613025520/http://www.dawn.com/news/1057427">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+1974+ouster+of+the+%27heretics%27%3A+What+really+happened%3F&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1057427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html">"An Overview"</a>. Al Islam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150316012248/http://www.alislam.org/introduction/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Overview&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fintroduction%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pop_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8"><i>Breach of Faith</i></a>. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. p. 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216172659/https://books.google.com/books?id=yi8ONIe1fv4C&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breach+of+Faith&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2005-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyi8ONIe1fv4C%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarry_DeVriesDon_BakerDan_Overmyer2011" class="citation book cs1">Larry DeVries; Don Baker; Dan Overmyer (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72"><i>Asian Religions in British Columbia</i></a>. University of Columbia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1662-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-1662-5"><bdi>978-0-7748-1662-5</bdi></a>. <q>The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Religions+in+British+Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+Columbia+Press&rft.date=2011-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5&rft.au=Larry+DeVries&rft.au=Don+Baker&rft.au=Dan+Overmyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdgtgGhMUgIUC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Eduardo_Campo2009" class="citation book cs1">Juan Eduardo Campo (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA23"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam</i></a>. Infobase. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5454-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5454-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-5454-1</bdi></a>. <q>The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Infobase&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1&rft.au=Juan+Eduardo+Campo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOZbyz_Hr-eIC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">"Ahmadiyya Muslims"</a>. PBS. 20 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310050128/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/2012/01/20/january-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims/10124/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyya+Muslims&rft.pub=PBS&rft.date=2012-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Freligionandethics%2F2012%2F01%2F20%2Fjanuary-20-2012-ahmadiyya-muslims%2F10124%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A figure of 10 to 20 million represents 0.62% to 1.25% of the worlds Muslim population.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2001<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Ahmadiyya Movement had been the fastest growing sect over decades across multiple editions of the <i>World Christian Encyclopedia</i>. The 2001 edition placed the growth rate at 3.25%, which was the highest of all Islamic sects and schools of thought. See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_B._BarrettGeorge_Thomas_KurianTodd_M._Johnson2001" class="citation book cs1">David B. Barrett; George Thomas Kurian; Todd M. Johnson, eds. (15 February 2001). <i>World Christian Encyclopedia</i>. Oxford University Press USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195079639" title="Special:BookSources/0195079639"><bdi>0195079639</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Christian+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+USA&rft.date=2001-02-15&rft.isbn=0195079639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ahmadi-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ahmadi_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1998 Pakistani census states that there are 291,000 (0.22%) Ahmadis in Pakistan. However, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has boycotted the census since 1974 which renders official Pakistani figures to be inaccurate. Independent groups have estimated the Pakistani Ahmadiyya population to be somewhere between 2 million and 5 million Ahmadis. However, the 4 million figure is the most quoted figure and is approximately 2.2% of the country. See: <ul><li>over 2 million: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImmigration_and_Refugee_Board_of_Canada2008" class="citation web cs1">Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (4 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49913b5f2c.html">"Pakistan: The situation of Ahmadis, including legal status and political, education and employment rights; societal attitudes toward Ahmadis (2006 - Nov. 2008)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143526/https://www.refworld.org/docid/49913b5f2c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+The+situation+of+Ahmadis%2C+including+legal+status+and+political%2C+education+and+employment+rights%3B+societal+attitudes+toward+Ahmadis+%282006+-+Nov.+2008%29&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft.au=Immigration+and+Refugee+Board+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fdocid%2F49913b5f2c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>3 million: International Federation for Human Rights: <i>International Fact-Finding Mission. Freedoms of Expression, of Association and of Assembly in Pakistan.</i> Ausgabe 408/2, Januar 2005, S. 61 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/pk408a-2.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921063447/https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/pk408a-2.pdf">Archived</a> 21 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li>3–4 million: Commission on International Religious Freedom: <i>Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom.</i> 2005, S. 130</li> <li>4.910.000: James Minahan: Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. Ethnic and national groups around the world. Greenwood Press . Westport 2002, page 52</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0">"Pakistan: Situation of members of the Lahori Ahmadiyya Movement in Pakistan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226143519/https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=country&category=&publisher=IRBC&type=QUERYRESPONSE&coi=PAK&rid=&docid=45f1478f20&skip=0">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Situation+of+members+of+the+Lahori+Ahmadiyya+Movement+in+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Frwmain%3Fpage%3Dcountry%26category%3D%26publisher%3DIRBC%26type%3DQUERYRESPONSE%26coi%3DPAK%26rid%3D%26docid%3D45f1478f20%26skip%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-outlookindia-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-outlookindia_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outlookindia.com/making-a-difference/wretched-of-the-land-news-265665">"Wretched of the Land"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224191623/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/wretched-of-the-land/265665">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wretched+of+the+Land&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Fmaking-a-difference%2Fwretched-of-the-land-news-265665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eg. Quran <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D24%3Averse%3D55">24:55</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/holyquranwitheng0003unse"><i>The Holy Quran with English Translation and Commentary</i></a></span>. Surrey: Islam International Publications. 1988. p. 1870. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-045-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-045-3"><bdi>1-85372-045-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Quran+with+English+Translation+and+Commentary&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pages=1870&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=1-85372-045-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fholyquranwitheng0003unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Khilafat-e-Rashida.pdf"><i>Khilafat-e-Rashidah</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85372-620-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85372-620-0"><bdi>978-1-85372-620-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109181459/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Khilafat-e-Rashida.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Khilafat-e-Rashidah&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-85372-620-0&rft.au=Mirza+Basheer-ud-Din+Mahmood+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FKhilafat-e-Rashida.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafi_Ahmad2011" class="citation web cs1">Rafi Ahmad (3 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/egazette/updates/the-islamic-khilafat-its-rise-fall-and-re-emergence/">"The Islamic Khilafat – Its Rise, Fall, and Re-emergence"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331080614/http://www.alislam.org/egazette/updates/the-islamic-khilafat-its-rise-fall-and-re-emergence/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Khilafat+%E2%80%93+Its+Rise%2C+Fall%2C+and+Re-emergence&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.au=Rafi+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fegazette%2Fupdates%2Fthe-islamic-khilafat-its-rise-fall-and-re-emergence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the true Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. pp. 318–324. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+true+Islam&rft.pages=318-324&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressahmadiyya.com/press-releases/2019/05/head-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-opens-new-central-mosque-islamabad-tilford-uk/">"Head of Ahmadiyya Muslim Community Opens New Central Mosque in Islamabad, Tilford, UK"</a>. <i>Press & Media Office</i>. 19 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091137/https://www.pressahmadiyya.com/press-releases/2019/05/head-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-opens-new-central-mosque-islamabad-tilford-uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+%26+Media+Office&rft.atitle=Head+of+Ahmadiyya+Muslim+Community+Opens+New+Central+Mosque+in+Islamabad%2C+Tilford%2C+UK&rft.date=2019-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressahmadiyya.com%2Fpress-releases%2F2019%2F05%2Fhead-ahmadiyya-muslim-community-opens-new-central-mosque-islamabad-tilford-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farnhamherald.com/article.cfm?id=135979&headline=Muslim%20leader%20opens%20new%20Tilford%20mosque&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2019">"Muslim leader opens new Tilford mosque"</a>. <i>Farnham Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706173147/http://www.farnhamherald.com/article.cfm?id=135979&headline=Muslim%20leader%20opens%20new%20Tilford%20mosque&sectionIs=news&searchyear=2019">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Farnham+Herald&rft.atitle=Muslim+leader+opens+new+Tilford+mosque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farnhamherald.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3D135979%26headline%3DMuslim%2520leader%2520opens%2520new%2520Tilford%2520mosque%26sectionIs%3Dnews%26searchyear%3D2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the true Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. p. 324. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+true+Islam&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-structure-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-structure_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-structure_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Ross_Valentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon Ross Valentine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC&pg=PA77"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice</i></a>. Hurst & Company. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850659167" title="Special:BookSources/9781850659167"><bdi>9781850659167</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+Jama%27at%3A+History%2C+Belief%2C+Practice&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Hurst+%26+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781850659167&rft.au=Simon+Ross+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdRth02Q6nAC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whyahmadi-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whyahmadi_113-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817122231/http://www.whyahmadi.org/4_4.html">"Organisational Structure"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whyahmadi.org/4_4.html">the original</a> on 17 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Organisational+Structure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whyahmadi.org%2F4_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the true Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. pp. 324–342. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+true+Islam&rft.pages=324-342&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tehrike-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tehrike_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tehrike_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahmadiyya.us/lajna/TEHRIKE-JADID-Scheme.pdf">"Tehrike-Jadid-Scheme"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200117080158/https://www.ahmadiyya.us/lajna/TEHRIKE-JADID-Scheme.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 17 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tehrike-Jadid-Scheme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahmadiyya.us%2Flajna%2FTEHRIKE-JADID-Scheme.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamie_S._Scott2012" class="citation book cs1">Jamie S. Scott (January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GbZJ2ZszYw8C&pg=PA198"><i>The Religions of Canadians</i></a>. 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Islam International Publications. pp. 357–360. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=The+day+I+declared+my+best+friend+kafir+just+so+I+could+get+a+passport&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Zainab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1261622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayeed2017" class="citation news cs1">Sayeed, Saad (16 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-election-ahmadis-idUSKBN1DG04H">"Pakistan's long-persecuted Ahmadi minority fear becoming election scapegoat"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814113856/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-election-ahmadis-idUSKBN1DG04H">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=The+1974+ouster+of+the+%27heretics%27%3A+What+really+happened%3F&rft.date=2013-11-21&rft.aulast=Paracha&rft.aufirst=Nadeem+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1057427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8711026.stm">"Who are the Ahmadi?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 28 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100530013220/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8711026.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Ahmadi%3F&rft.date=2010-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F8711026.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurhani2013" class="citation book cs1">Burhani, Ahmad Najib (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alexandria.ucsb.edu/lib/ark:/48907/f3707zhx"><i>When Muslims are not Muslims: The Ahmadiyya community and the discourse on heresy in Indonesia</i></a>. Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781303424861" title="Special:BookSources/9781303424861"><bdi>9781303424861</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191128213850/https://alexandria.ucsb.edu/lib/ark:/48907/f3707zhx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Constitution+of+Pakistan&rft.atitle=Constitution+%28Second+Amendment%29+Act%2C+1974&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistani.org%2Fpakistan%2Fconstitution%2Famendments%2F2amendment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhume2017" class="citation news cs1">Dhume, Sadanand (1 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistan-persecutes-a-muslim-minority-1512087028">"Pakistan Persecutes a Muslim Minority"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202013140/https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistan-persecutes-a-muslim-minority-1512087028">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Persecutes+a+Muslim+Minority&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Dhume&rft.aufirst=Sadanand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fpakistan-persecutes-a-muslim-minority-1512087028&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/invitation/content.html"><i>Invitation to Ahmadiyyat</i></a>. Routledge & Kegan Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-0119-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-0119-3"><bdi>0-7100-0119-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122101325/http://www.alislam.org/books/invitation/content.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+Ahmadiyyat&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Ltd&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7100-0119-3&rft.au=Mirza+Basheer-ud-Din+Mahmood+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Finvitation%2Fcontent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad1924" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad</a> (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Ahmadiyyat-or-The-True-Islam-20080506MN.pdf"><i>Ahmadiyyat or the true Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-982-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-982-5"><bdi>1-85372-982-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512030112/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Ahmadiyyat-or-The-True-Islam-20080506MN.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyyat+or+the+true+Islam&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=1-85372-982-5&rft.au=Mirza+Basheer-ud-Din+Mahmood+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FAhmadiyyat-or-The-True-Islam-20080506MN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza_Tahir_Ahmad2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">Mirza Tahir Ahmad</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/muslims/with-love-to-Muslims.pdf"><i>With Love to the Muslims of the World: The Ahmadiyya Perspective</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Surrey: Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-744-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-744-X"><bdi>1-85372-744-X</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226021000/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/muslims/with-love-to-Muslims.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Love+to+the+Muslims+of+the+World%3A+The+Ahmadiyya+Perspective&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-85372-744-X&rft.au=Mirza+Tahir+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2Fmuslims%2Fwith-love-to-Muslims.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirza_Tahir_Ahmad1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">Mirza Tahir Ahmad</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iU1Yn4sSXEkC"><i>An Elementary Study of Islam</i></a>. Surrey: Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85372-562-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85372-562-5"><bdi>1-85372-562-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Elementary+Study+of+Islam&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=1-85372-562-5&rft.au=Mirza+Tahir+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiU1Yn4sSXEkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyed_Hasanat_Ahmad2010" class="citation book cs1">Syed Hasanat Ahmad (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Hidden-Treasures-of-Islam.pdf"><i>An Introduction to the Hidden Treasures of Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Surrey: Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84880-050-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84880-050-2"><bdi>978-1-84880-050-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190819152408/https://www.alislam.org/library/books/Hidden-Treasures-of-Islam.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Hidden+Treasures+of+Islam&rft.place=Surrey&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84880-050-2&rft.au=Syed+Hasanat+Ahmad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FHidden-Treasures-of-Islam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey_J_Fisher1963" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey J Fisher (1963). <i>Ahmadiyya: a study in contemporary Islam on the West African coast</i>. Nigeria: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyya%3A+a+study+in+contemporary+Islam+on+the+West+African+coast&rft.place=Nigeria&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft.au=Humphrey+J+Fisher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYohanan_Friedmann2003" class="citation book cs1">Yohanan Friedmann (2003). <i>Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X" title="Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X"><bdi>965-264-014-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+Continuous%3A+Aspects+of+Ahmadi+Religious+Thought+and+Its+Medieval+Background&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=965-264-014-X&rft.au=Yohanan+Friedmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_R._Gualtieri1989" class="citation book cs1">Antonio R. Gualtieri (1989). <i>Conscience And Coercion</i>. Canada: Guernica Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-920717-41-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-920717-41-1"><bdi>0-920717-41-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conscience+And+Coercion&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=Guernica+Editions&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-920717-41-1&rft.au=Antonio+R.+Gualtieri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_Gualtieri2004" class="citation book cs1">Antonio Gualtieri (2004). <i>The Ahmadis: community, gender, and politics in a Muslim society</i>. Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-2738-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-2738-9"><bdi>0-7735-2738-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ahmadis%3A+community%2C+gender%2C+and+politics+in+a+Muslim+society&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7735-2738-9&rft.au=Antonio+Gualtieri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaikh_Abdul_Hadi2008" class="citation book cs1">Shaikh Abdul Hadi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/BasicsReligiousEducation.pdf"><i>Basics of Religious Education</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (5th ed.). Canada: Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1882494-03-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1882494-03-3"><bdi>978-1882494-03-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210712215013/https://www.alislam.org/library/books/BasicsReligiousEducation.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 July 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basics+of+Religious+Education&rft.place=Canada&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1882494-03-3&rft.au=Shaikh+Abdul+Hadi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FBasicsReligiousEducation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhan_IqbalImtiaz_Ahmed_Sra2014" class="citation book cs1">Farhan Iqbal; Imtiaz Ahmed Sra (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/library/books/With-Love-to-Muhammad.pdf"><i>With Love to Muhammad, The Khatam-un-Nabiyyin: The Ahmadiyya Muslim Understanding of Finality of Prophethood</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canada: Islam International Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9937731-0-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9937731-0-5"><bdi>978-0-9937731-0-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191805/https://www.alislam.org/library/books/With-Love-to-Muhammad.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Love+to+Muhammad%2C+The+Khatam-un-Nabiyyin%3A+The+Ahmadiyya+Muslim+Understanding+of+Finality+of+Prophethood&rft.place=Canada&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-9937731-0-5&rft.au=Farhan+Iqbal&rft.au=Imtiaz+Ahmed+Sra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fbooks%2FWith-Love-to-Muhammad.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhammad_Zafarullah_Khan1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan" title="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a> (1978). <i>Ahmadiyyat: The Renaissance of Islam</i>. Tabshir Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85525-015-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85525-015-1"><bdi>0-85525-015-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ahmadiyyat%3A+The+Renaissance+of+Islam&rft.pub=Tabshir+Publications&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85525-015-1&rft.au=Muhammad+Zafarullah+Khan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorbelPreckel2016" class="citation book cs1">Korbel, Jonathan; Preckel, Claudia (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZtY6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA426">"Ghulām Aḥmad al-Qādiyānī: The Messiah of the Christians—Peace upon Him—in India (India, 1908)"</a>. In Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin; Reichmuth, Stefan (eds.). <i>Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism</i>. Numen Book Series. Vol. 154. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 426–442. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004329003_034">10.1163/9789004329003_034</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-32511-1"><bdi>978-90-04-32511-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ghul%C4%81m+A%E1%B8%A5mad+al-Q%C4%81diy%C4%81n%C4%AB%3A+The+Messiah+of+the+Christians%E2%80%94Peace+upon+Him%E2%80%94in+India+%28India%2C+1908%29&rft.btitle=Religious+Dynamics+under+the+Impact+of+Imperialism+and+Colonialism&rft.place=Leiden&rft.series=Numen+Book+Series&rft.pages=426-442&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004329003_034&rft.isbn=978-90-04-32511-1&rft.aulast=Korbel&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Preckel%2C+Claudia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZtY6DQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_Ross_Valentine2008" class="citation book cs1">Simon Ross Valentine (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MdRth02Q6nAC"><i>Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: history, belief, practice</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-70094-8"><bdi>978-0-231-70094-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+the+Ahmadiyya+jama%CA%BBat%3A+history%2C+belief%2C+practice&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-231-70094-8&rft.au=Simon+Ross+Valentine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdRth02Q6nAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarimullah_Zirvi" class="citation book cs1">Karimullah Zirvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf"><i>Welcome to Ahmadiyyat, the True Islam</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Islam International Publications. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220828200237/https://www.alislam.org/books/ahmadiyyat/WelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 28 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Ahmadiyyat%2C+the+True+Islam&rft.pub=Islam+International+Publications&rft.au=Karimullah+Zirvi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Fbooks%2Fahmadiyyat%2FWelcomeBook2ndEd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAhmadiyya" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Ahmadiyya</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ahmadiyya" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Ahmadiyya">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ahmadiyya" class="extiw" title="q:Ahmadiyya">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Ahmadiyya" class="extiw" title="s:Category:Ahmadiyya">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171764" class="extiw" title="d:Q171764">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org">Official website of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alislam.org/introduction/Islam-Ahmadiyyat.html">An Introduction and a short sketch of history of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persecutionofahmadis.org/">Official website highlighting the persecution of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/30px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg/40px-Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="550" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Ahmadiyya</span></a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Beliefs and practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_(Islam)#The_six_articles_of_faith" title="Iman (Islam)">Six articles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Distinct views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)" title="Prophethood (Ahmadiyya)">Prophethood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_view_on_Jihad" title="Ahmadiyya view on Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_views_on_evolution" title="Ahmadiyya views on evolution">Evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad_bibliography" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad bibliography">Writings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya" title="Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya">Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophy_of_the_Teachings_of_Islam" title="The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam">The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_India_(book)" title="Jesus in India (book)">Jesus in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor-ul-Haq_(book)" title="Noor-ul-Haq (book)">Noor-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_of_Islam" title="Victory of Islam">Victory of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malf%C5%ABz%C4%81t" title="Malfūzāt">Malfūzāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafseer-e-Kabeer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafseer-e-Kabeer">Tafseer-e-Kabeer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Ahmadiyya Muslim Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_Caliphate#List_of_Ahmadiyya_Caliphs" title="Ahmadiyya Caliphate">Successors of the Messiah:</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Noor-ud-Din" title="Hakeem Noor-ud-Din">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Basheer-ud-Din_Mahmood_Ahmad" title="Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Nasir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Nasir Ahmad">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Tahir_Ahmad" title="Mirza Tahir Ahmad">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Masroor_Ahmad" title="Mirza Masroor Ahmad">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalsa_Salana" title="Jalsa Salana">Jalsa Salana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadiyya_buildings_and_structures" title="List of Ahmadiyya buildings and structures">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Television_Ahmadiyya_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Television Ahmadiyya International">MTA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_First" title="Humanity First">Humanity First</a> (International Aid Charity)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;;width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_by_country" title="Ahmadiyya by country">Ahmadiyya by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_and_other_faiths" title="Ahmadiyya and other faiths">Ahmadiyya and other faiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ahmadis" title="List of Ahmadis">List of Ahmadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinance_XX" title="Ordinance XX">Ordinance XX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #000000;color:#FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_topic" title="Template:World topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_topic" title="Template talk:World topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ahmadiyya_in_the_World" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya in the World">Ahmadiyya in the World</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Afghanistan" title="Ahmadiyya in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Albania (page does not exist)">Albania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Algeria" title="Ahmadiyya in Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Angola (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Argentina (page does not exist)">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Australia" title="Ahmadiyya in Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Bahamas (page does not exist)">Bahamas</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Bangladesh" title="Ahmadiyya in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Barbados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Barbados (page does not exist)">Barbados</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Belgium" title="Ahmadiyya in Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Benin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Benin (page does not exist)">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Botswana (page does not exist)">Botswana</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Brazil (page does not exist)">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Bulgaria (page does not exist)">Bulgaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Ahmadiyya in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Burundi (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Cameroon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Cameroon (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Canada" title="Ahmadiyya in Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Cape Verde (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Central_African_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Chad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Chad (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Chile (page does not exist)">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_China" title="Ahmadiyya in China">China</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Colombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Colombia (page does not exist)">Colombia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Costa Rica (page does not exist)">Costa Rica</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Croatia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Croatia (page does not exist)">Croatia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Denmark" title="Ahmadiyya in Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Dominican_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Dominican Republic (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Egypt" title="Ahmadiyya in Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Eritrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Eswatini (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Ethiopia (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Fiji (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in France (page does not exist)">France</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Gabon (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_Gambia" title="Ahmadiyya in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Georgia (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Germany" title="Ahmadiyya in Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Ghana" title="Ahmadiyya in Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Greece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Greece (page does not exist)">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Ahmadiyya in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Haiti (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya in India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Indonesia" title="Ahmadiyya in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Ahmadiyya in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Israel" title="Ahmadiyya in Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Ivory_Coast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Ivory Coast (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Japan" title="Ahmadiyya in Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Kenya (page does not exist)">Kenya</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Ahmadiyya in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Lesotho (page does not exist)">Lesotho</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Liberia" title="Ahmadiyya in Liberia">Liberia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Libya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Libya (page does not exist)">Libya</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Madagascar (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Mali (page does not exist)">Mali</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Mauritania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Mauritania (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Mauritius (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Mexico (page does not exist)">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Moldova (page does not exist)">Moldova</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Morocco" title="Ahmadiyya in Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Mozambique (page does not exist)">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Namibia (page does not exist)">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in New Zealand (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Nicaragua (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Nigeria" title="Ahmadiyya in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_North_Macedonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in North Macedonia (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Norway" title="Ahmadiyya in Norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Pakistan" title="Ahmadiyya in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Palestine" title="Ahmadiyya in Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Paraguay (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Peru (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Poland" title="Ahmadiyya in Poland">Poland</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Romania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Romania (page does not exist)">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Rwanda (page does not exist)">Rwanda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Ahmadiyya in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Senegal (page does not exist)">Senegal</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Ahmadiyya in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Singapore" title="Ahmadiyya in Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Slovenia (page does not exist)">Slovenia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Somalia (page does not exist)">Somalia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_South_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in South Africa (page does not exist)">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Spain" title="Ahmadiyya in Spain">Spain</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Sudan (page does not exist)">Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Suriname (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Sweden" title="Ahmadiyya in Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Switzerland" title="Ahmadiyya in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Syria" title="Ahmadiyya in Syria">Syria</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Tunisia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Tunisia (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadiyya in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Uganda (page does not exist)">Uganda</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Ukraine (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ahmadiyya in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_States" title="Ahmadiyya in the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Uruguay (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Vatican_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Vatican City (page does not exist)">Vatican City</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Venezuela (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Western_Sahara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Western Sahara (page does not exist)">Western Sahara</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Zimbabwe</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islam_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam_topics" title="Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam_topics" title="Template talk:Islam topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islam_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Islam" title="Outline of Islam">Outline of Islam</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">Beliefs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God in Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">In Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Revelation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam" title="Predestination in Islam">Qadar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Judgement Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">Holiest sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Five Pillars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Sawm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam" title="History of Islam">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_religious_leaders" title="Islamic religious leaders">Leaders</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_history_of_Islam" title="Timeline of the history of Islam">Timeline of the history of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_Muhammad" title="Succession to Muhammad">Succession to Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Early conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_early_Islam" title="Historiography of early Islam">Historiography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Sahaba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamate_in_Shia_doctrine" title="Imamate in Shia doctrine">Shi'a Imams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate"><i>Rashidun</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almohad_Caliphate" title="Almohad Caliphate">Almohad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokoto_Caliphate" title="Sokoto Caliphate">Sokoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Caliphate" title="Ottoman Caliphate">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Religious texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophetic biography">Seerah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qisas_Al-Anbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Qisas Al-Anbiya">Story of Prophets</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">Denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27tazili" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'tazili">Mu'tazili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Bektashi Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhakkima" title="Muhakkima">Muhakkima</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azariqa" title="Azariqa">Azariqa</a></li> <li>Moderate Kharijites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azzabas" title="Azzabas">Azzabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukkari" title="Nukkari">Nukkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam#Wahbi_school" title="Ibadi Islam">Wahbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufri" title="Sufri">Sufri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najdat" title="Najdat">Najdat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmadiyya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Ahmadiyya_Movement_for_the_Propagation_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam">Lahori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_culture" title="Islamic culture">Culture</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Islam" title="Animals in Islam">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_children" title="Islam and children">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_clothing" title="Islamic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holidays" title="Islamic holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality_in_Islam" title="Morality in Islam">Moral teachings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political aspects</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qurban_(Islamic_ritual_sacrifice)" title="Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)">Qurbani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_attitudes_towards_science" title="Islamic attitudes towards science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_humanity" title="Islam and humanity">Social welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Islam" title="Women in Islam">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in Islam">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_by_country" title="Islam by country">Islam by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="LawJurisprudence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Law</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Jurisprudence</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">Economic history</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Hygiene</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marital_jurisprudence" title="Islamic marital jurisprudence">Marriage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual jurisprudence">Sex</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Marriage contract</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Nikah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Nikah mut'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic hygienical jurisprudence">Cleanliness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Islam" title="Capital punishment in Islam">Death penalty</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabiĥa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ethics" title="Islamic ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_honorifics" title="Islamic honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Leadership</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma malakat aymanukum">Ma malakat aymanukum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war in Islam">POWs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_slavery" title="Islamic views on slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_of_sharia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sources of sharia">Sources of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_theological_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theological jurisprudence">Theological</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Schools of islamic jurisprudence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Islamic_studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Science_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Science in the medieval Islamic world">Medieval science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Alchemy and chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_and_cartography_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world">Geography and cartography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Ophthalmology in the medieval Islamic world">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Physics in the medieval Islamic world">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_philosophy" title="Islamic philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Islamic_philosophy" title="Early Islamic philosophy">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Theological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_evolution" title="Islamic views on evolution">Creationism (evolution)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_inventions_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="List of inventions in the medieval Islamic world">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Liberalism and progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_literature" title="Islamic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_poetry" title="Islamic poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Psychology in the medieval Islamic world">Psychology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shu%27ubiyya" title="Shu'ubiyya">Shu'ubiyya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_non-Islamic_places_of_worship_into_mosques" title="Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques">Conversion to mosques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div id="_Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="padding-left:2.5em;"> </span>Other</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_other_religions" title="Islam and other religions">Other religions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Mormonism" title="Islam and Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_and_Islam" title="Protestantism and Islam">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Relationship_with_Muslims" title="Druze">Druzism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Jainism" title="Islam and Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Sikhism" title="Islam and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;"><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Apostasy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color:#f7fdf7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam_by_country" title="Apostasy in Islam by country">Apostasy in Islam by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims" title="Ex-Muslims">Ex-Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Muslims" title="List of former Muslims">List of former Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ex-Muslim_organisations" title="List of ex-Muslim organisations">List of ex-Muslim organisations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background:#dcf5dc;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islam" title="Criticism of Islam">Criticism of Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Muhammad" title="Criticism of Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">Quran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Muslim">Cultural Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism" title="Criticism of Islamism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Islamism" title="Post-Islamism">Post-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbism" title="Qutbism">Qutbism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_extremism" title="Islamic extremism">Islamic extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_view_of_miracles" title="Islamic view of miracles">Islamic view of miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_domestic_violence" title="Islam and domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_in_Islam" title="Nursing in Islam">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_and_miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran and miracles">Quran and miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Islam" title="Symbols of Islam">Symbolism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/15px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/23px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/31px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional <br /> African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan<br />African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New<br /> religious<br /> movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern<br />paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion <br />and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> 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