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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thomas_Sprat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thomas_Sprat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Thomas Sprat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thomas_Sprat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jeremy_Taylor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeremy_Taylor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Jeremy Taylor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeremy_Taylor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herbert_Thorndike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herbert_Thorndike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Herbert Thorndike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herbert_Thorndike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-George_Herbert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#George_Herbert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>George Herbert</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-George_Herbert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Influential theologians and writers in the 17th-century Anglican Church</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_II_of_England.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/150px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/225px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Charles_II_of_England.jpeg/300px-Charles_II_of_England.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>Charles II was restored as King of England in 1660.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Category:History of the Church of England">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Church_of_England" title="History of the Church of England">History of the Church of England</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto,_1749.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg/180px-Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg/270px-Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg/360px-Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="984" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i>Westminster Abbey</i> (1749) by <a href="/wiki/Canaletto" title="Canaletto">Canaletto</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages (597–1500)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon Christianity">Anglo-Saxon Christianity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Medieval_England" title="Religion in Medieval England">Religion in Medieval England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Convocations_of_Canterbury_and_York" title="Convocations of Canterbury and York">Convocations of Canterbury and York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_development_of_Church_of_England_dioceses" title="Historical development of Church of England dioceses">Development of dioceses</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation (1509–1559)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation_Parliament" title="English Reformation Parliament">Reformation Parliament</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1549)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1549)"><i>Book of Common Prayer</i> (1549)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Edwardine_Ordinals" title="Edwardine Ordinals">Edwardine Ordinals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1552)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1552)"><i>Book of Common Prayer</i> (1552)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Forty-two_Articles" title="Forty-two Articles">Forty-two Articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Protestant_martyrs_of_the_English_Reformation" title="List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation">Martyrs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_exiles" title="Marian exiles">Marian exiles</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_Religious_Settlement" title="Elizabethan Religious Settlement">Elizabethan Church (1558–1603)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1559)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1559)"><i>Book of Common Prayer</i> (1559)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Convocation_of_1563" title="Convocation of 1563">Convocation of 1563</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Books_of_Homilies" title="The Books of Homilies">The Books of Homilies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_Elizabeth_I" title="History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I">History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vestments_controversy" title="Vestments controversy">Vestments controversy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker" title="Richard Hooker">Richard Hooker</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Foxe%27s_Book_of_Martyrs" title="Foxe's Book of Martyrs">Foxe's Book of Martyrs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marprelate_Controversy" title="Marprelate Controversy">Marprelate Controversy</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Jacobean period (1603–1625)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I_and_religious_issues" title="James VI and I and religious issues">James I and religious issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_King_James_I" title="History of the Puritans under King James I">History of the Puritans under King James I</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Millenary_Petition" title="Millenary Petition">Millenary Petition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Conference" title="Hampton Court Conference">Hampton Court Conference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1604)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1604)"><i>Book of Common Prayer</i> (1604)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Caroline period (1625–1649)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism_in_the_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Arminianism in the Church of England">Arminianism in the Church of England</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caroline Divines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Laudianism" title="Laudianism">Laudianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_under_King_Charles_I" title="History of the Puritans under King Charles I">History of the Puritans under King Charles I</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1649–1688</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_from_1649" title="History of the Puritans from 1649">History of the Puritans from 1649</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster Assembly</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Conference" title="Savoy Conference">Savoy Conference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1662)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1662)"><i>Book of Common Prayer</i> (1662)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ejection" title="Great Ejection">Great Ejection</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">Nonjuring schism</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">1700–1950</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangorian_Controversy" title="Bangorian Controversy">Bangorian Controversy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Revival">Evangelical Revival</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Disestablishmentarianism" title="Disestablishmentarianism">Disestablishmentarianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer_(1928,_England)" title="Book of Common Prayer (1928, England)">Prayer Book Crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Anglican_Communion" title="History of the Anglican Communion">History of the Anglican Communion</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Template:History of the Church of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Template talk:History of the Church of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the Church of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Caroline Divines</b> were influential theologians and writers in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> who lived during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> and, after the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">Stuart Restoration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Carolus</i>). There is no official list of Caroline-era divines; they are defined by the era in which they lived, and Caroline Divines hailed from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, of these four nations, it is Caroline England which is most commonly considered to have fostered a golden age of Anglican scholarship and devotional writing, despite the socio-cultural upset of civil war, regicide, and military rule under <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>. Importantly, the term <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">divine</a> is restricted neither to canonised <a href="/wiki/Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints">saints</a> nor to Anglican figures, but is used of many writers and thinkers in the wider Christian church. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology_and_outlook">Theology and outlook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Theology and outlook"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Laud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Laud.jpg/150px-William_Laud.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Laud.jpg/225px-William_Laud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/William_Laud.jpg/300px-William_Laud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>William Laud</figcaption></figure> <p>The corpus produced by the Caroline divines is diverse. What they have in common is a commitment to the faith as conveyed by Scripture and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a>, thus regarding prayer and theology in a manner akin to that of the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic Fathers</a> and other later Christian writers.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the whole, the Caroline Divines view the <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Via_media" title="Via media">via media</a></i></span> of Anglicanism not as a compromise but "a positive position, witnessing to the universality of God and God's kingdom working through the fallible, earthly <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ecclesia Anglicana</i></span>."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These theologians regarded Scripture as authoritative in matters concerning salvation, although they drew upon tradition and reason as well, the latter in the form of deductive logic and the former with special reference to the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>. Politically, the Caroline Divines were <a href="/wiki/Royalist" title="Royalist">royalists</a> but primarily of a constitutional, rather than absolutist, bent. </p><p>Their promotion of more elaborate ceremonial and their valuation of visual beauty in art and church architecture was variously labelled as "popish", "Romish", "Lutheran", or “<a href="/wiki/Arminian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arminian">Arminian</a>” by their <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> opponents. Such embellishments, however, were not only integral to their spirituality, but were seen by the Carolines as combatting the appeal of Roman Catholicism. And, contrary to Puritan accusation, the emphasis upon beauty had nothing to do with "Arminian" influence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than face a choice between an austere Puritanism or an elaborate Roman ceremonial, the Caroline divines presented their countrymen with a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">via media</i></span> in which they could remain within the established church and also participate in ancient forms of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_exponents">Prominent exponents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prominent exponents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;padding-bottom:0.15em;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anglicanism" title="Category:Anglicanism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/160px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/240px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/320px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="2395" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Christian theology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_doctrine" title="Anglican doctrine">Anglican doctrine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_Books_of_Homilies" title="The Books of Homilies">Books of Homilies</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caroline Divines</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago%E2%80%93Lambeth_Quadrilateral" title="Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral">Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_polity" title="Episcopal polity">Episcopal polity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_sacraments" title="Anglican sacraments">Sacraments</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Marian_theology" title="Anglican Marian theology">Mary</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Ministry and worship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_ministry" title="Anglican ministry">Ministry</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Music</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_eucharistic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican eucharistic theology">Eucharist</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a></i>)<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Church_calendars" title="List of Anglican Church calendars">Liturgical year</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Churchmanship" title="Churchmanship">Churchmanship</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_church" title="High church">High</a>, <a href="/wiki/Low_church" title="Low church">Low</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_churchmanship" title="Central churchmanship">Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_church" title="Broad church">Broad</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_religious_order" title="Anglican religious order">Monasticism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Saints_in_Anglicanism" title="Saints in Anglicanism">Saints</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Prayer" title="Jesus Prayer">Jesus Prayer</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Christian Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Background and history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_medieval_cathedrals_of_England" title="Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England">Medieval cathedral architecture</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Apostolic succession</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a><br /><a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" title="Dissolution of the monasteries">Dissolution of the monasteries</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hooker" title="Richard Hooker">Richard Hooker</a><br /><a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">Nonjuring schism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Latitudinarian" title="Latitudinarian">Latitudinarian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholicism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Anglo-Catholicism" title="Liberal Anglo-Catholicism">Liberal</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Anglican_Communion" title="History of the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion history</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Primates_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Primates in the Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion Primates'</a> <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_Primates%27_Meetings" title="Anglican Communion Primates' Meetings">Meetings</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Conference" title="Lambeth Conference">Lambeth Conference</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_Communion_dioceses" title="List of Anglican Communion dioceses">Bishops</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Consultative_Council" title="Anglican Consultative Council">Anglican Consultative Council</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion_and_ecumenism" title="Anglican Communion and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_in_the_Anglican_Communion" title="Ordination of women in the Anglican Communion">Ordination of women</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Report" title="Windsor Report">Windsor Report</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#CCCCFF;;background:#CCCCFF;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)">Other Anglican denominations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing Anglican movement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_realignment" title="Anglican realignment">Anglican realignment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bartonville_Agreement" title="Bartonville Agreement">Bartonville Agreement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_St._Louis" title="Congress of St. Louis">Congress of St. Louis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_American_Anglican_Conference" title="North American Anglican Conference">North American Anglican Conference</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anglicanism" title="Template:Anglicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anglicanism" title="Template talk:Anglicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anglicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anglicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Within the Anglican tradition, there have been certain theological writers whose works have been considered standards for faith, doctrine, worship, and spirituality. These are often commemorated in <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Anglican)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Anglican)">lesser feasts</a> of the Church, and their works are frequently <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthologised</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the Caroline divines of the seventeenth century, the following are prominent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="King_Charles_the_Martyr">King Charles the Martyr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: King Charles the Martyr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) encouraged liturgical renewal and the publication of devotional writings during his reign. The most popular devotional work in seventeenth-century England was the king's own autobiographical <span title="Greek-language text"><i lang="el-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Eikon_Basilike" title="Eikon Basilike">Eikon Basilike</a></i></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Εἰκὼν Βασιλική</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">translit.</a></small> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><i>Eikṑn Basilikḗ</i></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a></small> "Royal Portrait"), which was translated into numerous European languages.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He defended popular recreational activities through his re-publication of the Book of Sports in 1633, which was originally promulgated by his father, <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">King James VI</a>, in 1617. Charles I also stood against the advance of extreme <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestinarian</a> theology in the Church of England, principally through his Declaration on the Articles of Religion (1628). When the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> was revised in 1662, this declaration was permanently affixed as the preface to the <a href="/wiki/Thirty-Nine_Articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirty-Nine Articles">Articles of Religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like both his predecessors and successors, Charles I was said to have the <a href="/wiki/Royal_touch" title="Royal touch">Royal touch</a>, which he practised during his lifetime, and miracle stories were attributed to the king's relics after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles I was canonised by the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> as King Charles the Martyr, the first Anglican saint, and placed as such in the 1662 <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of Saints">Calendar of Saints</a>. However 30 January, the date of his martyrdom, was not denoted as a feast, but as a fast intended for annual reflection and repentance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lancelot_Andrewes">Lancelot Andrewes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lancelot Andrewes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Andrewes" title="Lancelot Andrewes">Lancelot Andrewes</a> (1555 – 25 September 1626) was an English priest and scholar, who held high positions in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Queen Elizabeth I</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James I of England">King James I</a>. He was the spiritual father of Charles I.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the reign of James I, Andrewes served as <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Chichester" title="Bishop of Chichester">Bishop of Chichester</a> and oversaw the translation of the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="King James Version of the Bible"><i>Authorized Version</i> (or <i>King James Version</i>) of the Bible</a>. In the Church of England he is commemorated on 25 September with a <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesser Festival">Lesser Festival</a>. His most popular work has proven to be his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Preces Privatae</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">(</span><span class="gloss-text"><i>Private Prayers</i></span><span class="gloss-quot">)</span>, which was published posthumously and has remained in print since renewed interest in Andrewes developed in the 19th century. His <i>Ninety-Six Sermons</i> have been occasionally reprinted and are considered among the most rhetorically developed and polished sermons of the late-sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Because of these, Andrewes has been commemorated by literary greats such as <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Cosin">John Cosin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: John Cosin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Cosin" title="John Cosin">John Cosin</a> (30 November 1594 – 15 January 1672) was an English priest, bishop and theologian. Cosin was elected <a href="/wiki/Master_(college)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master (college)">Master</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse, Cambridge</a> in 1634, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Wren" title="Matthew Wren">Matthew Wren</a>, and decorated the chapel there according to <a href="/wiki/High_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="High Church">High Church</a> principles.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his writings (most of which were published posthumously) are a <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Historia Transubstantiationis Papalis</i></span> (1675), <i>Notes and Collections on the Book of Common Prayer</i> (1710) and <i>A Scholastical History of the Canon of Holy Scripture</i> (1657). A collected edition of his works, forming 5 vols of the Oxford-based <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Anglo-Catholic_Theology" title="Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology">Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology</a></i>, was published between 1843 and 1855; and his <i>Correspondence</i> (2 vols) was edited by <a href="/wiki/George_Ornsby" title="George Ornsby">George Ornsby</a> for the Surtees Society (1868–1870). Cosin's most important work was his <i>Collection of Private Devotions</i> which was published in 1627 at the behest of King Charles I. It made use of patristic sources, Elizabethan devotional material, and Cosin's own compositions. This was the first work of royally-authorised devotional writing since the reign of Elizabeth I and was immensely popular in the seventeenth century. Cosin was exiled in Paris during the Commonwealth, but was made <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham" title="Bishop of Durham">Bishop of Durham</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">Restoration</a> in 1660, a post he held until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thomas_Ken">Thomas Ken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Thomas Ken"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ken" title="Thomas Ken">Thomas Ken</a> (July 1637 – 19 March 1711), English priest, was the most eminent of the English <a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">non-juring</a> bishops, and one of the fathers of modern English <a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">hymnology</a>. His <i>Three Hymns</i> (1700) contains the original version of the hymn 'Praise God from whom all blessings flow', which continues to be sung during offertories around the world, especially in Anglican churches.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ken later left the Church of England during the <a href="/wiki/Nonjuring_schism" title="Nonjuring schism">Nonjuring schism</a>, which developed in response to the invasion of England by the Dutch prince William III. However, as a Nonjuror, Ken remained deeply tied to the Anglican tradition. Nonjurors did not abandon Anglicanism but instead maintained allegiance to the exiled king <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a>. The political counterpart to the Nonjuror schism was <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobitism</a>. Both ended in the latter half of the eighteenth century with the death of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charles Edward Stuart</a>, the last Stuart claimant to the throne. Nonjuror liturgical, theological, and devotional writing proved to have a considerable impact upon the Anglican tradition, in part due to the influence of the nineteenth-century <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="William_Laud">William Laud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: William Laud"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> (7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> and a fervent supporter of King Charles I of England. Laud was a sincere Anglican and loyal Englishman, who must have been frustrated at the charges of <a href="/wiki/Popery" title="Popery">Popery</a> levelled against him by the <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> element in the Church. Laud's aggressive high church policy was seen by many as a sinister development. He was blamed for the introduction of the 1637 <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Common_Prayer" title="Book of Common Prayer">Book of Common Prayer</a> into Scotland, although a similar policy had originated with King James I. Laud's <i>Conference with Fisher the Jesuite</i> is a classic work of Anglican apologetics and has been called 'one of the last great works of scholastic divinity.'<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Andrewes, Laud's <i>Private Devotions</i> were printed posthumously, although they have never been as popular as those by Andrewes. </p><p>His views towards the Presbyterians extended to <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, where it led to the <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanter</a> movement and the <a href="/wiki/Bishops%27_Wars" title="Bishops' Wars">Bishops' Wars</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> of 1640 accused him of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>, resulting in his imprisonment in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. In the spring of 1644, he was brought to trial, which ended without being able to reach a verdict. Parliament took up the issue, and eventually he was beheaded on 10 January 1645 on <a href="/wiki/Tower_Hill,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Hill, London">Tower Hill</a>, notwithstanding being granted a royal pardon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thomas_Sprat">Thomas Sprat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Thomas Sprat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sprat" title="Thomas Sprat">Thomas Sprat</a> (1635 – 20 May 1713), was an English priest. Having taken <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">orders</a> he became a <a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">prebendary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> in 1660. In the preceding year he had gained a reputation by his poem <i>To the Happie Memory of the most Renowned Prince Oliver, Lord Protector</i> (London, 1659), and he was afterwards well known as a wit, preacher, and man of letters. </p><p>His chief prose works are the <i>Observations upon Monsieur de Sorbier's Voyage into England</i> (London, 1665), a satirical reply to the strictures on Englishmen in <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Sorbi%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel de Sorbière">Samuel de Sorbière</a>'s book of that name, and a <i>History of the Royal Society of London</i> (London, 1667), which Sprat had helped to found. The <i>History of the Royal Society</i> elaborates the scientific purposes of the academy and outlines some of the strictures of scientific writing that set the modern standards for clarity and conciseness. The work also contains theological defences of scientific study. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jeremy_Taylor">Jeremy Taylor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Jeremy Taylor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Taylor" title="Jeremy Taylor">Jeremy Taylor</a> (1613 – 13 August 1667) was a priest in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> who achieved fame as an author during <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">the Protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>. He is sometimes known as the "Shakespeare of Divines" for his poetic style of writing. </p><p>Taylor was educated at <a href="/wiki/The_Perse_School" title="The Perse School">the Perse School</a>, Cambridge before going onto <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge</a>, where he graduated in 1626. He was under the patronage of <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>. He went on to become chaplain in ordinary to Charles I as a result of Laud's sponsorship. This made him politically suspect when Laud was tried for treason and executed in 1645 by the <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> Parliament during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>. After the Parliamentary victory over the King, he was briefly imprisoned several times. </p><p>Eventually, he was allowed to retire to Wales, where he became the private chaplain of the Earl of Carbery. Upon the <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Restoration" title="Stuart Restoration">Restoration</a>, his political star was on the rise, and he was made <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Down_and_Connor" title="Bishop of Down and Connor">Bishop of Down and Connor</a> in Ireland. He was also made <a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor_of_the_University_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor of the University of Dublin">vice-chancellor of the University of Dublin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Herbert_Thorndike">Herbert Thorndike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Herbert Thorndike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Thorndike" title="Herbert Thorndike">Herbert Thorndike</a> (1598–1672) was Canon of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. He was also an influential <a href="/wiki/Theologian" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a> and writer in the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> Church who was well respected during the reigns of King Charles I and, after the Restoration, King Charles II. His work had little influence, however, and it was not until the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a> of the 19th century that he came to be widely read again.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="George_Herbert">George Herbert</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: George Herbert"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/George_Herbert" title="George Herbert">George Herbert</a> (1593–1633) was a Welsh-born priest who served at the rural parish of <a href="/wiki/Fugglestone_St_Peter" title="Fugglestone St Peter">Fugglestone St Peter</a> near <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>, but is primarily known as a skilled orator and poet. He attended <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> in 1609 with the intention of becoming a priest, but instead he became the university's Public Orator and attracted the attention of <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a>. He served in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a> in 1624 and briefly in 1625. After the death of James I, Herbert renewed his interest in ordination. He gave up his secular ambitions in his mid-thirties and took holy orders in the Church of England, spending the rest of his life as rector at Fugglestone St Peter. He died at age 39 of consumption in 1633 during the reign of Charles I. </p><p>Although he is generally considered a poet rather than a divine, he was a devoted priest and his thought is palpably in line with that of the Caroline divines. His poetry was championed by the later <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford Movement</a> and notably influenced the piety of the movement through his influence on figures like <a href="/wiki/John_Keble" title="John Keble">John Keble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGuyer2012" class="citation book cs1">Guyer, Benjamin (2012). <i>The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings</i>. Norwich (UK): Canterbury Press. pp. 11–14, 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beauty+of+Holiness%3A+The+Caroline+Divines+and+Their+Writings&rft.place=Norwich+%28UK%29&rft.pages=11-14%2C+26&rft.pub=Canterbury+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Guyer&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooty" class="citation book cs1">Booty, John. "Standard Divines". <i>The Study of Anglicanism</i>. p. 163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Standard+Divines&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Anglicanism&rft.pages=163&rft.aulast=Booty&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooty" class="citation book cs1">Booty, John. "Standard Divines". <i>The Study of Anglicanism</i>. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Standard+Divines&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Anglicanism&rft.pages=164&rft.aulast=Booty&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuyer" class="citation book cs1">Guyer, Benjamin. <i>The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings</i>. pp. 7–11, 22–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beauty+of+Holiness%3A+The+Caroline+Divines+and+Their+Writings&rft.pages=7-11%2C+22-23&rft.aulast=Guyer&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. A. Newman, "Holiness in Beauty?: Roman Catholics, Arminians, and the Aesthetics of Religion in Early Caroline England". in D. Wood (ed.) <i>The Church and the Arts</i>. (Oxford, 1992), pp. 303–312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooty" class="citation book cs1">Booty, John. "Standard Divines". <i>The Study of Anglicanism</i>. pp. 163 ff.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Standard+Divines&rft.btitle=The+Study+of+Anglicanism&rft.pages=163+ff&rft.aulast=Booty&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacey" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Andrew. <i>The Cult of King Charles the Martyr</i>. p. 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+King+Charles+the+Martyr&rft.pages=81&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’Donovan2014" class="citation web cs1">O’Donovan, Oliver (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://livingchurch.org/2014/01/01/thirty-nine-articles-revived/">"Thirty-Nine Articles Revived"</a>. The Living Church<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thirty-Nine+Articles+Revived&rft.pub=The+Living+Church&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Donovan&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flivingchurch.org%2F2014%2F01%2F01%2Fthirty-nine-articles-revived%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuyer" class="citation book cs1">Guyer, Benjamin. <i>The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings</i>. pp. 58–59, 70–73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beauty+of+Holiness%3A+The+Caroline+Divines+and+Their+Writings&rft.pages=58-59%2C+70-73&rft.aulast=Guyer&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCust" class="citation book cs1">Cust, Richard. <i>Charles I: A Political Life</i>. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+I%3A+A+Political+Life&rft.pages=15&rft.aulast=Cust&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cross, F. L.; Livingstone, E. A. (eds.) (2005). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i> (4th ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192802903" title="Special:BookSources/9780192802903">9780192802903</a> p. 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Cosin">"John Cosin"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Cosin&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.date=2020-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJohn-Cosin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuyer" class="citation book cs1">Guyer, Benjamin. <i>The Beauty of Holiness: The Caroline Divines and Their Writings</i>. pp. 147–152.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beauty+of+Holiness%3A+The+Caroline+Divines+and+Their+Writings&rft.pages=147-152&rft.aulast=Guyer&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Julian. <i>The Caroline Captivity of the Church</i>. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Caroline+Captivity+of+the+Church&rft.pages=58&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110812012409/http://web.mac.com/brian.douglas/iWeb/Anglican%20Eucharistic%20Theology/Blog/4D2FC248-F9DB-11DA-BF7A-001124732AA0.html">"Anglican Eucharistic theology welcome N philosophy pages about me publications LINKS News"</a>. <i>web.mac.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mac.com/brian.douglas/iWeb/Anglican%20Eucharistic%20Theology/Blog/4D2FC248-F9DB-11DA-BF7A-001124732AA0.html">the original</a> on 12 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=web.mac.com&rft.atitle=Anglican+Eucharistic+theology+welcome+N+philosophy+pages+about+me+publications+LINKS+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mac.com%2Fbrian.douglas%2FiWeb%2FAnglican%2520Eucharistic%2520Theology%2FBlog%2F4D2FC248-F9DB-11DA-BF7A-001124732AA0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1990" class="citation book cs1">Chadwick, Owen (1990). <i>The Spirit of the Oxford Movement</i>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 8–9, 53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spirit+of+the+Oxford+Movement&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=8-9%2C+53&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaroline+Divines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&oldid=1258750703">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caroline_Divines&oldid=1258750703</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charles_I_of_England" title="Category:Charles I of England">Charles I of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Charles_II_of_England" title="Category:Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_Anglican_theologians" title="Category:17th-century Anglican theologians">17th-century Anglican theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English_Anglican_theologians" title="Category:English Anglican theologians">English Anglican theologians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Category:History of the Church of England">History of the Church of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Restoration" title="Category:The Restoration">The Restoration</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">CS1 maint: date and year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_June_2016" title="Category:Use British English from June 2016">Use British English from June 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2021">Use dmy dates from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 12:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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