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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مقاطعات بروسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاطعات بروسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncies_de_Pr%C3%BAssia" title="Províncies de Prússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Províncies de Prússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinz_(Preu%C3%9Fen)" title="Provinz (Preußen) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Provinz (Preußen)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preisimaa_provintsid" title="Preisimaa provintsid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Preisimaa provintsid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincias_de_Prusia" title="Provincias de Prusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provincias de Prusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincoj_de_Prusio" title="Provincoj de Prusio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provincoj de Prusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%B4%EC%84%BC%EC%9D%98_%EC%A3%BC" title="프로이센의 주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프로이센의 주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinsi_di_Prusia" title="Provinsi di Prusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Provinsi di Prusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_della_Prussia" title="Province della Prussia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Province della Prussia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prowincje_pruskie" title="Prowincje pruskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prowincje pruskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prusya%27n%C4%B1n_vilayetleri" title="Prusya'nın vilayetleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prusya'nın vilayetleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" title="Провінції Пруссії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Провінції Пруссії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Provinces_of_Prussia" title="Special:EditPage/Provinces of Prussia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Provinces+of+Prussia%22">"Provinces of Prussia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Provinces+of+Prussia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Provinces+of+Prussia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Provinces+of+Prussia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Provinces+of+Prussia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Provinces+of+Prussia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prussia_(political_map_before_1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Prussia_%28political_map_before_1905%29.jpg/360px-Prussia_%28political_map_before_1905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="360" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Prussia_%28political_map_before_1905%29.jpg/540px-Prussia_%28political_map_before_1905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Prussia_%28political_map_before_1905%29.jpg/720px-Prussia_%28political_map_before_1905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4495" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption>The twelve Prussian provinces on an 1895 map</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Provinces of Prussia</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Provinzen Preußens</i>) were the main <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> from 1815 to 1946. Prussia's <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a> system was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Reform_Movement" title="Prussian Reform Movement">Stein-Hardenberg Reforms</a> in 1815, and were mostly organized from <a href="/wiki/Duchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchies">duchies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical regions</a>. Provinces were divided into several <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirke</a></i></span>, sub-divided into <i><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Prussia" title="Districts of Prussia">Kreise</a></i> (districts), and then into <i><a href="/wiki/Gemeinde_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemeinde (Germany)">Gemeinden</a></i> (townships) at the lowest level. Provinces constituted the highest level of administration in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a> until 1933, when <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> established <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Direct_rule" title="Direct rule">direct rule</a> over provincial politics, and were formally abolished in 1946 following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Prussian provinces became the basis for many <a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">federal states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, and the states of <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> are direct successors of provinces. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Prussia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in 1806 and the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815, the various <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> states gained nominal sovereignty. However, the reunification process that culminated in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in 1871, produced a country that was constituted of several principalities and dominated by one of them, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> after it had ultimately defeated its <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian</a> rival. Its territory covered some 60 percent of the territory that was to become the <a href="/wiki/German_Reich" title="German Reich">German Reich</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_Confederation">German Confederation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Prussia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: German Confederation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg/300px-Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg/450px-Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg/600px-Map-DB-PrussiaProvs-1818.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1576" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Prussia in the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a>, 1818</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> was established at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the Kingdom of Prussia was a member until the dissolution in 1866 following the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a>. </p><p>The Prussian state was initially subdivided into ten provinces. The Prussian government appointed the heads of each province known as <i><a href="/wiki/Oberpr%C3%A4sident" title="Oberpräsident">Oberpräsident</a></i> (i.e. High Commissioner). The Oberpräsident represented the Prussian government in the province, and was busy with implementing and supervising central prerogatives of the Prussian government. The provinces of Prussia were further subdivided into government districts (<a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirke</a>), subject to the High Commissioner. As to self-rule each province also had a <a href="/wiki/Provincial_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial diet">provincial diet</a> (<i>Provinziallandtag</i> in German), the members of which were elected in <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a> by county councillors and city councillors of the constituent rural counties and independent cities. </p><p><b>Western Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/24px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/36px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/48px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>), until 1822; regions: <a href="/wiki/Kleve_(region)" title="Kleve (region)">Cleves</a> [until 1821], <a href="/wiki/Cologne_(region)" title="Cologne (region)">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(region)" title="Düsseldorf (region)">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/24px-Flag_of_None.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/36px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_None.svg/48px-Flag_of_None.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="150" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_the_Lower_Rhine" title="Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>), Grand Duchy, until 1822; regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aachen (region) (page does not exist)">Aachen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Aachen" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Aachen">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Koblenz_(region)" title="Koblenz (region)">Coblentz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trier_(region)" title="Trier (region)">Trier</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Saxony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erfurt_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erfurt (region) (page does not exist)">Erfurt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Erfurt" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Erfurt">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_(region)" title="Magdeburg (region)">Magdeburg</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merseburg_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merseburg (region) (page does not exist)">Merseburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Merseburg" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Merseburg">de</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minden_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minden (region)">Minden</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a></li></ul> <p>In 1822 the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a> was created from the merger of the Lower Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg provinces. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aachen (region) (page does not exist)">Aachen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_(region)" title="Cologne (region)">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dusseldorf_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dusseldorf (region)">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koblenz_(region)" title="Koblenz (region)">Coblentz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trier_(region)" title="Trier (region)">Trier</a></li></ul> <p><b>Eastern Provinces (<a href="/wiki/East_Elbia" title="East Elbia">East Elbia</a>):</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> [1827-1843]); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin (region) (page does not exist)">Berlin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Berlin" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Berlin">de</a>]</span> [until 1821], <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (region)">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam (region) (page does not exist)">Potsdam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Potsdam" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Potsdam">de</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_East_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of East Prussia">East Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg in Prussia</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_(region)" title="Gumbinnen (region)">Gumbinnen</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_(region)" title="Königsberg (region)">Königsberg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/24px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/36px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/48px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stralsund_(region)" title="Stralsund (region)">Stralsund</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Posen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Posen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a> until 1848; regions: <a href="/wiki/Bromberg_(region)" title="Bromberg (region)">Bromberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Posen_(region)" title="Posen (region)">Posen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Silesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Breslau_(region)" title="Breslau (region)">Breslau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liegnitz_(region)" title="Liegnitz (region)">Liegnitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oppeln_(region)" title="Oppeln (region)">Oppeln</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reichenbach_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reichenbach (region) (page does not exist)">Reichenbach</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Reichenbach" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Reichenbach">de</a>]</span> [until 1820]</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Danzig</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Danzig_(region)" title="Danzig (region)">Danzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marienwerder_(region)" title="Marienwerder (region)">Marienwerder</a></li></ul> <p>In 1829 the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Prussia" title="Province of Prussia">Province of Prussia</a> was created by the merger of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_East_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of East Prussia">East Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a>, lasting until 1878 when they were again separated. Congruent with the Kingdom of Prussia proper (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Ducal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a>), its territory, like the province of Posen, was not part of the German Confederation. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Prussia" title="Province of Prussia">Province of Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg in Prussia</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Danzig_(region)" title="Danzig (region)">Danzig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_(region)" title="Gumbinnen (region)">Gumbinnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_(region)" title="Königsberg (region)">Königsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marienwerder_(region)" title="Marienwerder (region)">Marienwerder</a></li></ul> <p>In 1850 the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Province of Hohenzollern</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany">Southern Germany</a>, was created from the annexed principalities of <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Hechingen" title="Hohenzollern-Hechingen">Hohenzollern-Hechingen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen" title="Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen">Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen</a>. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen" title="Sigmaringen">Sigmaringen</a>); region: Sigmaringen</li></ul> <p>In 1866, following the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia annexed several German States that had been allied with Austria and, together with previously occupied Danish territory, organized them into three new provinces: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Hanover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>; constituted from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Kingdom of Hanover</a>); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurich_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurich (region) (page does not exist)">Aurich</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Aurich" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Aurich">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hanover_(region)" title="Hanover (region)">Hanover</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildesheim_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildesheim (region) (page does not exist)">Hildesheim</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Hildesheim" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Hildesheim">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg_(region)" title="Lüneburg (region)">Lüneburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osnabr%C3%BCck_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osnabrück (region) (page does not exist)">Osnabrück</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Osnabr%C3%BCck" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Osnabrück">de</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Stade_(region)" title="Stade (region)">Stade</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>; constituted from the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Frankfurt" title="Free City of Frankfurt">Free City of Frankfurt upon Main</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">Electorate of Hesse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Homburg" title="Hesse-Homburg">Hesse-Homburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Nassau" title="Duchy of Nassau">Duchy of Nassau</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden_(region)" title="Wiesbaden (region)">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>; constituted from the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Holstein" title="Duchy of Holstein">Duchy of Holstein</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Schleswig" title="Duchy of Schleswig">Duchy of Schleswig</a>); regions: Holstein (until 1868) and Schleswig; in 1876 <a href="/wiki/Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Saxe-Lauenburg">Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, a separate German state, was merged in.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_Empire">German Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Prussia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Provinces_of_Prussia_(1914).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Provinces_of_Prussia_%281914%29.svg/300px-Provinces_of_Prussia_%281914%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Provinces_of_Prussia_%281914%29.svg/450px-Provinces_of_Prussia_%281914%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Provinces_of_Prussia_%281914%29.svg/600px-Provinces_of_Prussia_%281914%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Prussia in the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>The outcome of the Austro-Prussian War put an end to the aspirations of a <a href="/wiki/Kleindeutschland_and_Gro%C3%9Fdeutschland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleindeutschland and Großdeutschland">grand unified state</a> consisting of all German-speaking states. Instead the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> was created under Prussian leadership. Following the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> and the incorporation of the southern states of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Baden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a> into the confederation, the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> was proclaimed in 1871. </p><p>From 1875 the provinces were bodies combining regional home rule through representatives delegated from each rural and urban <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Prussia" title="Districts of Prussia">district</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Landkreis</i> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Stadtkreis</i></span>), forming the provincial diet (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Provinziallandtag</i>) with a 6-year term, which elected from its midst a head of this self-administration, the <a href="/wiki/Landesdirektor" class="mw-redirect" title="Landesdirektor">Landesdirektor</a> (with a 6 to 12-year term), and a provincial government (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Provinzialausschuss</i>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">provincial committee</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) as well as part of the superordinated overall Prussian royal administration, supervising - on a provincial range - the self-governing municipalities and counties as well as each governorate (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Regierungsbezirk" title="Regierungsbezirk">Regierungsbezirk</a></i>, mere supervising bodies of the Prussian government). For this purpose, the respective Prussian minister of interior affairs appointed a High Commissioner (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Oberpräsident</i>) to each province, who fulfilled his task with the help of a Prussian government-appointed provincial council (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Provinzialrat</i>). </p><p>In 1881 the final province of the Kingdom of Prussia was established when Berlin was separated from Brandenburg. </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg/24px-Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg/36px-Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg/48px-Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (On 1 April 1881 the city was separated from Brandenburg to become a city-province. Its lord mayor (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Oberbürgermeister</i>) carried out the duties of a Landesdirektor in the other provinces, while the city council doubled as the provincial committee. The Prussian government-appointed chief of police (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Polizeipräsident in Berlin</i>) served as the High Commissioner of Berlin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <p>In 1918 following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> the German Empire was dissolved and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>. The following were the existing Prussian provinces: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg/24px-Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg/36px-Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg/48px-Flag_of_Berlin_1861.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>; from 1881 on without Berlin, but provincial offices remained in Berlin); regions: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (region)">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam (region) (page does not exist)">Potsdam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Potsdam" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Potsdam">de</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg in Prussia</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Allenstein_(region)" title="Allenstein (region)">Allenstein</a> (as of 1905), <a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_(region)" title="Gumbinnen (region)">Gumbinnen</a> and <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_(region)" title="Königsberg (region)">Königsberg</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Hanover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>;); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurich_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurich (region) (page does not exist)">Aurich</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Aurich" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Aurich">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hanover_(region)" title="Hanover (region)">Hanover</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildesheim_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildesheim (region) (page does not exist)">Hildesheim</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Hildesheim" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Hildesheim">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg_(region)" title="Lüneburg (region)">Lüneburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osnabr%C3%BCck_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osnabrück (region) (page does not exist)">Osnabrück</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Osnabr%C3%BCck" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Osnabrück">de</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Stade_(region)" title="Stade (region)">Stade</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>;); regions: <a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden_(region)" title="Wiesbaden (region)">Wiesbaden</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen" title="Sigmaringen">Sigmaringen</a>); region: Sigmaringen</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/24px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/36px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/48px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stralsund_(region)" title="Stralsund (region)">Stralsund</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Posen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Posen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Posen</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Bromberg_(region)" title="Bromberg (region)">Bromberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Posen_(region)" title="Posen (region)">Posen</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhineland</a> (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> as to provincial self-rule, <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a> as to High Commissioner offices); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aachen (region) (page does not exist)">Aachen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Aachen" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Aachen">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_(region)" title="Cologne (region)">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(region)" title="Düsseldorf (region)">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koblenz_(region)" title="Koblenz (region)">Koblenz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trier_(region)" title="Trier (region)">Trier</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Saxony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erfurt_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erfurt (region) (page does not exist)">Erfurt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Erfurt" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Erfurt">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_(region)" title="Magdeburg (region)">Magdeburg</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merseburg_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merseburg (region) (page does not exist)">Merseburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Merseburg" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Merseburg">de</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>;); regions: Holstein (until 1868) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswig_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswig (region) (page does not exist)">Schleswig</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Silesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Breslau_(region)" title="Breslau (region)">Breslau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liegnitz_(region)" title="Liegnitz (region)">Liegnitz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oppeln_(region)" title="Oppeln (region)">Oppeln</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minden_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minden (region)">Minden</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Danzig</a>;); regions: <a href="/wiki/Danzig_(region)" title="Danzig (region)">Danzig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marienwerder_(region)" title="Marienwerder (region)">Marienwerder</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weimar_Republic">Weimar Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Prussia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Weimar Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg/300px-Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg/450px-Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg/600px-Map-WR-PrussiaProvs-1920.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="1007" /></a><figcaption>Provinces of Prussia (in blue) in the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>After the fall of the German Empire the Kingdom of Prussia was reconstituted with a republican government as the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a>. The Free State promoted the democratisation of the provinces, the provincial parliaments (Provinziallandtage) were elected in <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">direct elections</a> by the voters, unlike before when elected county councillors chose from their midst members for the provincial parliaments. </p><p>Prussia had to cede virtually all territory belonging to the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Posen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of West Prussia">West Prussia</a> to the newly created state of <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig</a>. Smaller areas had been ceded to Belgium (<a href="/wiki/East_Cantons" class="mw-redirect" title="East Cantons">East Cantons</a>, formerly in the Rhineland), Czechoslovakia (<a href="/wiki/Hlu%C4%8D%C3%ADn_Region" title="Hlučín Region">Hlučín Region</a>, formerly in Silesia), Denmark (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Schleswig">Northern Schleswig</a>, formerly in Schleswig-Holstein), the League of Nations mandate of the <a href="/wiki/Memel_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Memel Territory">Memel Territory</a> (formerly in East Prussia), Poland (eastern <a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesia" title="Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a>, formerly in Silesia), and the <a href="/wiki/Saar_(League_of_Nations)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saar (League of Nations)">Saar Territory</a> (formerly in the Rhineland). </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_seizure_of_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi seizure of power">Nazi seizure of power</a> in 1933, the <a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_Reconstruction_of_the_Reich" title="Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich">Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich</a> was enacted on 30 January 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This formally de-federalized the German Reich and created a centralized state. Prussia and its provinces formally continued to exist, but the state <i><a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Prussia" title="Landtag of Prussia">Landtag</a></i> and provincial parliaments were abolished and governance was placed under the direct control of a <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsstatthalter" title="Reichsstatthalter">Reichsstatthalter</a></i> (Reich Governor). In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Law_on_the_Abolition_of_the_Reichsrat" title="Law on the Abolition of the Reichsrat">Law on the Abolition of the Reichsrat</a> of 14 February 1934 removed the right of the state and its provinces to participate in the Reich legislative process.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They previously had controlled 26 of the 66 <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsrat_(Germany)" title="Reichsrat (Germany)">Reichsrat</a></i> seats. </p><p>The following is a summary of the changes in the Prussian provinces between 1919 and 1945: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/24px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/36px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Berlin.svg/48px-Flag_of_Berlin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> (in 1920 the city was considerably extended (Prussian <a href="/wiki/Greater_Berlin_Act" title="Greater Berlin Act">Greater Berlin Act</a>) at the expense of Brandenburg)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Brandenburg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt (region)">Frankfurt</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potsdam_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potsdam (region) (page does not exist)">Potsdam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Potsdam" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Potsdam">de</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_East_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of East Prussia">East Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg in Prussia</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Allenstein_(region)" title="Allenstein (region)">Allenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_(region)" title="Gumbinnen (region)">Gumbinnen</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_(region)" title="Königsberg (region)">Königsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marienwerder_(region)" title="Marienwerder (region)">West Prussia</a> (1922-1939)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hannover.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Hanover</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>; in 1921 <a href="/wiki/Bad_Pyrmont" title="Bad Pyrmont">Pyrmont</a>, previously a district of the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Waldeck-Pyrmont" title="Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont">Free State of Waldeck-Pyrmont</a>, was merged in); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurich_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurich (region) (page does not exist)">Aurich</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Aurich" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Aurich">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hanover_(region)" title="Hanover (region)">Hanover</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildesheim_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildesheim (region) (page does not exist)">Hildesheim</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Hildesheim" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Hildesheim">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg_(region)" title="Lüneburg (region)">Lüneburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osnabr%C3%BCck_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osnabrück (region) (page does not exist)">Osnabrück</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Osnabr%C3%BCck" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Osnabrück">de</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Stade_(region)" title="Stade (region)">Stade</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hessen-Nassau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hesse-Nassau" title="Province of Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>; in 1929 the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Free State of Waldeck">Free State of Waldeck</a>, previously a German state of its own, was merged in); regions: <a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden_(region)" title="Wiesbaden (region)">Wiesbaden</a>. In July 1944, the province was partitioned into two new provinces along the lines of its regions: the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Kurhessen" title="Province of Kurhessen">Province of Kurhessen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a>); region: <a href="/wiki/Kassel_(region)" title="Kassel (region)">Kassel</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Nassau" title="Province of Nassau">Province of Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>); region: <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden_(region)" title="Wiesbaden (region)">Wiesbaden</a>.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Hohenzollern.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sigmaringen" title="Sigmaringen">Sigmaringen</a>); region: Sigmaringen</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Lower Silesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau</a>; merged with the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Province of Upper Silesia</a> to form the unified <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Province of Silesia</a> between 1938 and 1941); regions: <a href="/wiki/Breslau_(region)" title="Breslau (region)">Breslau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liegnitz_(region)" title="Liegnitz (region)">Liegnitz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/24px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/36px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg/48px-Provinz_Pommern_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a> (as of 1938) and <a href="/wiki/Stralsund_(region)" title="Stralsund (region)">Stralsund</a> (until 1932)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Grenzmark_Posen-Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Grenzmark_Posen-Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Grenzmark_Posen-Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Grenzmark_Posen-Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Grenzmark_Posen-Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Grenzmark_Posen-Westpreu%C3%9Fen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%82a" title="Piła">Schneidemühl</a>; created in 1922 from parts of the provinces <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Posen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of West Prussia">West Prussia</a> that had not been ceded to <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a>, the province was dissolved in 1938 with its territory being mainly incorporated into Pomerania, and two exclaves into Brandenburg and Silesia.); region: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schneidem%C3%BChl_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schneidemühl (region) (page does not exist)">Schneidemühl</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Schneidem%C3%BChl" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Schneidemühl">de</a>]</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Rheinland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhineland</a> (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a> as to provincial self-rule, <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a> as to High Commissioner offices); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aachen_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aachen (region) (page does not exist)">Aachen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Aachen" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Aachen">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_(region)" title="Cologne (region)">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_(region)" title="Düsseldorf (region)">Düsseldorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koblenz_(region)" title="Koblenz (region)">Koblenz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trier_(region)" title="Trier (region)">Trier</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Sachsen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Saxony</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>); regions: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erfurt_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erfurt (region) (page does not exist)">Erfurt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Erfurt" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Erfurt">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_(region)" title="Magdeburg (region)">Magdeburg</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merseburg_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merseburg (region) (page does not exist)">Merseburg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regierungsbezirk_Merseburg" class="extiw" title="de:Regierungsbezirk Merseburg">de</a>]</span>. In July 1944, the province was partitioned along the lines of its regions. Erfurt was ceded to Thuringia, while the bulk of the province was divided into the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Magdeburg" title="Province of Magdeburg">Province of Magdeburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Halle-Merseburg" title="Province of Halle-Merseburg">Province of Halle-Merseburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Merseburg" title="Merseburg">Merseburg</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Schleswig-Holstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>; in 1920 <a href="/wiki/Northern_Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Schleswig">Northern Schleswig</a> was ceded to Denmark); region: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswig_(region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswig (region) (page does not exist)">Schleswig</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Oberschlesien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Oppeln</a> [1919-1938], <a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Kattowitz</a> [1941-1945]; merged with the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Province of Lower Silesia</a> to form the unified <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Province of Silesia</a> between 1938 and 1941); region: <a href="/wiki/Oppeln_(region)" title="Oppeln (region)">Oppeln</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/24px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/36px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg/48px-Flagge_Preu%C3%9Fen_-_Provinz_Westfalen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>); regions: <a href="/wiki/Arnsberg_(region)" title="Arnsberg (region)">Arnsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minden_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minden (region)">Minden</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_(region)" title="Münster (region)">Münster</a></li></ul> <p>Prussia did not survive the defeat and the division of Germany following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1945 and was formally <a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_Prussia" title="Abolition of Prussia">abolished</a> in February 1947 by <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Control_Council_Law_No_46_(25_February_1947)_Abolition_of_Prussia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Control Council Law No 46 (25 February 1947) Abolition of Prussia">Control Council Law No. 46</a>. Several of its provinces attained statehood or became a part of other post-war states in East Germany and West Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provinces_of_Prussia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <i>Meyers großes Konversations-Lexikon</i>: 20 vols. – completely new ed. and ext. ed., Leipzig and Vienna: Bibliographisches Institut, 1903-08, here vol. 2, article 'Berlin', p 700. No ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/2006-ps.asp">Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich</a> Retrieved 11 March 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentarchiv.de/ns/ende-rrat.html">"Law on the Abolition of the Reichsrat"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Law+on+the+Abolition+of+the+Reichsrat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentarchiv.de%2Fns%2Fende-rrat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProvinces+of+Prussia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia_(1525–1947)792" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia" title="Template talk:Territories and provinces of Prussia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Territories and provinces of Prussia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Territories_and_provinces_of_Prussia_(1525–1947)792" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territories and provinces of <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> (1525–1947)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg%E2%80%93Prussia" title="Brandenburg–Prussia">Before 1701</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Prussia" title="Duchy of Prussia">Duchy of Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg" title="Margraviate of Brandenburg">Margraviate of Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Cleves" title="Duchy of Cleves">Cleves</a> / <a href="/wiki/County_of_Mark" title="County of Mark">Mark</a> / <a href="/wiki/County_of_Ravensberg" title="County of Ravensberg">Ravensberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Xanten" title="Treaty of Xanten">1614</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Farther Pomerania</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Minden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Minden">Minden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Halberstadt" title="Principality of Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">1648</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg–Bütow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Starostwo_of_Draheim" title="Starostwo of Draheim">Draheim</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bromberg" title="Treaty of Bromberg">1657</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Magdeburg" title="Duchy of Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1680)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">Colonies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburger_Gold_Coast" title="Brandenburger Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">St. Thomas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">After 1701</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1707)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Guelders" title="Prussian Guelders">Guelders</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">1713</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden-Ravensberg" title="Minden-Ravensberg">Minden-Ravensberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1719)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Stockholm_(Great_Northern_War)" title="Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)">1720</a> / 1815)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a> / <a href="/wiki/County_of_Kladsko" title="County of Kladsko">Glatz</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Breslau" title="Treaty of Breslau">1742</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_East_Frisia" title="County of East Frisia">East Frisia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1744)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_East_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of East Prussia">East</a> / <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Partition_of_Poland" title="First Partition of Poland">1772–73</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Prussia" title="South Prussia">South Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland" title="Second Partition of Poland">1793</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_East_Prussia" title="New East Prussia">New East Prussia</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_Silesia" title="New Silesia">New Silesia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">1795</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Post-Congress of<br />Vienna</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">(1814–15)</a></span></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brandenburg" title="Province of Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Principality of Neuchâtel</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1814–1848)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Posen" title="Grand Duchy of Posen">Grand Duchy of Posen</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Saxony" title="Province of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Silesia" title="Province of Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Province" title="Rhine Province">Rhine Province</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1822)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Prussia" title="Province of Prussia">Province of Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1824–1878)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hohenzollern" title="Province of Hohenzollern">Hohenzollern</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1850)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Province of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Hanover" title="Province of Hanover">Hanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hesse-Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesse-Nassau">Hesse-Nassau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Prague_(1866)" title="Peace of Prague (1866)">1866–68</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Territorial reforms<br />after 1918</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Lower_Silesia" title="Province of Lower Silesia">Lower</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Upper_Silesia" title="Province of Upper Silesia">Upper Silesia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">1919</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Berlin_Act" title="Greater Berlin Act">Greater Berlin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1920)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1922)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halle-Merseburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Halle-Merseburg">Halle-Merseburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Magdeburg" title="Province of Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Kurhessen" title="Province of Kurhessen">Kurhessen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Nassau" title="Province of Nassau">Nassau</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1944)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Became <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Posen" title="Province of Posen">Province of Posen</a> in 1848.<span class="nowrap">   </span><sup><small>2</small></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_the_Lower_Rhine" title="Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine">Lower Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_J%C3%BClich-Cleves-Berg" title="Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg">Jülich-Cleves-Berg</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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