CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>死亡 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"4887b88b-ee75-4de6-bbba-9a7c3b05de91","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"死亡","wgTitle":"死亡","wgCurRevisionId":84905643,"wgRevisionId":84905643,"wgArticleId":12046,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签","含有过时参数的引用的页面","含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","自2023年9月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","自2019年9月需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目","需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目","含有多个问题的条目","使用2號參數傳遞Portal模板圖像的頁面", "维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项","包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目","包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","包含HDS标识符的维基百科条目","包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目","包含TDVİA标识符的维基百科条目","死亡","医学"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"死亡","wgRelevantArticleId":12046,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink", "ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg/1200px-Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="999"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg/800px-Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="666"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg/640px-Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="死亡 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-死亡 rootpage-死亡 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-臨死" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臨死"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>臨死</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臨死-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-诊断" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#诊断"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>诊断</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-诊断-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关诊断子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-诊断-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-定义的问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定义的问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>定义的问题</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定义的问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>法律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-误诊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#误诊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>误诊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-误诊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-导致死亡的因素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#导致死亡的因素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>导致死亡的因素</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-导致死亡的因素-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关导致死亡的因素子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-导致死亡的因素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-验尸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#验尸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>验尸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-验尸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生命的延续" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生命的延续"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>生命的延续</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生命的延续-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>地点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会和文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会和文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>社会和文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-社会和文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关社会和文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-社会和文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-認識" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#認識"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>認識</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-認識-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-探索" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#探索"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>探索</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-探索-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-瀕死經驗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#瀕死經驗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>瀕死經驗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-瀕死經驗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社會階級、語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社會階級、語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>社會階級、語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社會階級、語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-死亡後的處理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#死亡後的處理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>死亡後的處理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-死亡後的處理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-死亡、死刑和殺生" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#死亡、死刑和殺生"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>死亡、死刑和殺生</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-死亡、死刑和殺生-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>生物学</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生物学-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生物学子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生物学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-自然选择" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自然选择"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>自然选择</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自然选择-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-灭绝" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#灭绝"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>灭绝</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-灭绝-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>物理學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>文學定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">死亡</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。170种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-170" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">170种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood" title="Dood – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dood" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tod" title="Tod – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tod" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9E%E1%89%B5" title="ሞት – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሞት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte" title="Muerte – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Muerte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܘܬܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81" title="মৃত্যু – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মৃত্যু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte" title="Muerte – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muerte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Хвел – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хвел" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96l%C3%BCm" title="Ölüm – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ölüm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="اؤلوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اؤلوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үлем – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үлем" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doud" title="Doud – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Doud" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smert%C4%97s" title="Smertės – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Smertės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagadanan" title="Kagadanan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kagadanan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Смерць – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Смерць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Сьмерць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сьмерць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82" title="Смърт – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Смърт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4" title="मौत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मौत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81" title="মৃত্যু – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মৃত্যু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D" title="ཤི་བ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཤི་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marv" title="Marv – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үхэл – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үхэл" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort" title="Mort – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mort" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%AB" title="Sī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ӏожалла – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏожалла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatayon" title="Kamatayon – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kamatayon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مەرگ – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەرگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Съмрьть – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Съмрьть" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Вилĕм – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вилĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwolaeth" title="Marwolaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Marwolaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8d" title="Død – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Død" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tod" title="Tod – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merg" title="Merg – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Merg" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA" title="މަރު – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Θάνατος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θάνατος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Death" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morto" title="Morto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Morto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerte" title="Muerte – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muerte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surm" title="Surm – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Surm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heriotza" title="Heriotza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Heriotza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muerti" title="Muerti – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Muerti" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="مرگ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuolema" title="Kuolema – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuolema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuul_(surm)" title="Kuul (surm) – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kuul (surm)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort" title="Mort – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dea" title="Dea – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dea" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1s" title="Bás – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E4%B8%96" title="過世 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="過世" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%B2" title="Lanmò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mano" title="Mano – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mano" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ok%C3%BA" title="Okú – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Okú" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutuwa" title="Mutuwa – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mutuwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD" title="Sí – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מוות – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="मृत्यु – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मृत्यु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maut" title="Maut – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Maut" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%B2" title="Lanmò – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lanmò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%C3%A1l" title="Halál – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Halál" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Մահ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Մահ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մահ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemati" title="Pemati – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Pemati" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kematian" title="Kematian – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kematian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patay" title="Patay – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Patay" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Валар – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Валар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morto" title="Morto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Morto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dau%C3%B0i" title="Dauði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dauði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8B%E1%94%AA%E1%90%83%E1%93%95%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᐋᔪᐃᓕᖅᑐᖅ – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐋᔪᐃᓕᖅᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pati" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სიკვდილი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიკვდილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lmut" title="Lmut – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lmut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%A9m" title="Sɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1khwu" title="A̱khwu – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱khwu" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Өлім – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өлім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96" title="មរណភាព – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មរណភាព" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3" title="ಮರಣ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮರಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BD%EC%9D%8C" title="죽음 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="죽음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mirin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mernans" title="Mernans – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mernans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Өлүм – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өлүм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mors" title="Mors – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mors" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doead" title="Doead – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Doead" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort" title="Mort – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mort" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liw%C3%A2" title="Liwâ – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liwâ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirtis" title="Mirtis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mirtis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81ve" title="Nāve – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nāve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahafatesana" title="Fahafatesana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fahafatesana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%82" title="Смрт – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Смрт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="മരണം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Үхэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үхэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="मृत्यू – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मृत्यू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Колен – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Колен" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajal" title="Ajal – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ajal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewt" title="Mewt – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mewt" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B1%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သေဆုံးခြင်း – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သေဆုံးခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Кулома озкс – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кулома озкс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miquiztli" title="Miquiztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Miquiztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood" title="Dood – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Dood" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="मृत्यु – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मृत्यु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%27amate" title="Fa'amate – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Fa'amate" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dood" title="Dood – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dood" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8d" title="Død – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Død" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B8d" title="Død – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Død" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B2rt" title="Mòrt – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mòrt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4" title="ਮੌਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੌਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamat%C3%A1yan" title="Kamatáyan – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kamatáyan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morto" title="Morto – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Morto" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death – 尼日利亚皮钦语" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Death" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="尼日利亚皮钦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Amier%C4%87" title="Śmierć – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śmierć" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%86" title="مرن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مرن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87" title="مړینه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مړینه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morte" title="Morte – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa%C3%B1uy" title="Wañuy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wañuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moarte" title="Moarte – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Moarte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moarti" title="Moarti – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Moarti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смерть – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смерть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смерть – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Смерть" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D0%BB%D2%AF%D2%AF" title="Өлүү – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Өлүү" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱜᱩᱨ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱩᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morti" title="Morti – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Morti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daith" title="Daith – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daith" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="මරණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මරණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Death" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smr%C5%A5" title="Smrť – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Smrť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Smrt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufu" title="Rufu – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Rufu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geeri" title="Geeri – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Geeri" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vdekja" title="Vdekja – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vdekja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%82" title="Смрт – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Смрт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%A9h" title="Paéh – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Paéh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6den" title="Döden – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Döden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauti" title="Mauti – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mauti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Amjyr%C4%87" title="Śmjyrć – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Śmjyrć" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="இறப்பு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இறப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81" title="ಸಾವು – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸಾವು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="మరణం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మరణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ความตาย – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความตาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96l%C3%BCm" title="Ölüm – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ölüm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatayan" title="Kamatayan – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kamatayan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96l%C3%BCm" title="Ölüm – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ölüm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үлем – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үлем" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owuo" title="Owuo – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Owuo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Смерть – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смерть" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA" title="موت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBlim" title="Oʻlim – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻlim" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surm" title="Surm – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Surm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BFt" title="Chết – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chết" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moirt" title="Moirt – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Moirt" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamatayon" title="Kamatayon – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kamatayon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ღურა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ღურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98" title="טויט – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טויט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ik%C3%BA" title="Ikú – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ikú" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai" title="Dai – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD-b%C3%B4ng" title="Sí-bông – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sí-bông" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB" title="死 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="死" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukufa" title="Ukufa – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukufa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&oldid=84905643" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&id=84905643&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E4%25BA%25A1"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25AD%25BB%25E4%25BA%25A1"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Death" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="Talk:死亡">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2023年9月1日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%22">"死亡"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" class="extiw" title="en:Death">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2019年9月12日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg/250px-Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg/375px-Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg/500px-Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption>古羅馬<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E9%AC%A5%E5%A3%AB" title="角鬥士">角鬥士</a>馬賽克畫；倒地的人身旁<a href="/wiki/%CE%98" title="Θ">Θ</a>字母，代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%B4%8D%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="塔納托斯">塔納托斯</a>（即死亡）</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SkullFromTheFront.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/SkullFromTheFront.JPG/180px-SkullFromTheFront.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/SkullFromTheFront.JPG/270px-SkullFromTheFront.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/SkullFromTheFront.JPG 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>类<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E9%AA%A8" title="头骨">头骨</a>是死亡和<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="分解">分解</a>的世界性象征</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:200px;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf;"><b> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7" title="人的成長">人的成長與發展</a></b></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_development_stages_(collage).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Human_development_stages_%28collage%29.jpg/150px-Human_development_stages_%28collage%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Human_development_stages_%28collage%29.jpg/225px-Human_development_stages_%28collage%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Human_development_stages_%28collage%29.jpg/300px-Human_development_stages_%28collage%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> 階段</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE%E5%8D%B5" title="受精卵">受精卵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E" title="胚胎">胚胎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E8%83%9A%E8%83%8E%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2" title="人類胚胎發育">胚胎發育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E5%85%92" title="胎兒">胎兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AC%B0%E5%85%92" title="嬰兒">嬰兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92" title="幼兒">幼兒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92" title="幼兒">儿童早期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5" title="儿童">儿童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%9D%92%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="前青少年期">前青少年期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4" title="青少年">青少年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%A3%AF%E5%B9%B4" title="青壯年">青壯年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B9%B4" title="中年">中年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%B9%B4" title="老年">老年</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> 生命歷程</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%97%E7%B2%BE" title="人类受精">人类受精</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="分娩">分娩</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="爬行學步" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gross motor skill#Learning to walk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爬行學步（页面不存在）">爬行學步</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_motor_skill#Learning_to_walk" class="extiw" title="en:Gross motor skill"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gross motor skill#Learning to walk</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E4%B9%A0%E5%BE%97" title="语言习得">语言习得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%98%A5%E6%9C%9F" title="青春期">青春期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E5%B9%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="更年期">更年期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%8C%96" title="老化">老化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%BB%88" title="临终">临终</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%85%89%E8%BF%94%E7%85%A7" title="回光返照">回光返照</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">死亡</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="发展心理学">发展心理学</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="產前與周產期心理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Prenatal and perinatal psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A2%E5%89%8D%E8%88%87%E5%91%A8%E7%94%A2%E6%9C%9F%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="產前與周產期心理學（页面不存在）">產前與產後</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_and_perinatal_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Prenatal and perinatal psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Prenatal and perinatal psychology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E7%AB%A5%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5" title="兒童發展階段">新生兒與兒童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4" title="青少年">青少年</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Positive Youth Development" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Positive Youth Development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Positive_Youth_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Positive Youth Development（页面不存在）">青年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_Youth_Development" class="extiw" title="en:Positive Youth Development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Positive Youth Development</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%A3%AF%E5%B9%B4" title="青壯年">青壯年</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="成人發展" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Adult development"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E4%BA%BA%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成人發展（页面不存在）">成人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_development" class="extiw" title="en:Adult development"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Adult development</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F" title="心理成熟">心理成熟</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="階段發展理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Developmental stage theories"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8E%E6%AE%B5%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="階段發展理論（页面不存在）">階段發展理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_stage_theories" class="extiw" title="en:Developmental stage theories"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Developmental stage theories</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.15em 0.5em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E9%99%84%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="依附理論">依附理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="生态系统理论">生态系统理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5" title="埃里克森社会心理发展阶段">社会心理发展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95" title="性心理發展">性心理發展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5" title="柯尔伯格道德发展阶段">道德发展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E8%AB%96" title="認知發展論">認知發展論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文化歷史心理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultural-historical psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化歷史心理學（页面不存在）">文化歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural-historical_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Cultural-historical psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultural-historical psychology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="演化發展心理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary developmental psychology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="演化發展心理學（页面不存在）">演化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_developmental_psychology" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary developmental psychology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary developmental psychology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal-puzzle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:人类学">人类学主题</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psi2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/16px-Psi2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/24px-Psi2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Psi2.svg/32px-Psi2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:心理学">心理学主题</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_growth_and_development_sidebar" title="Template:Human growth and development sidebar"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_growth_and_development_sidebar" title="Template talk:Human growth and development sidebar"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Human_growth_and_development_sidebar" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Human growth and development sidebar"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>死亡</b>，是相對於<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="生命體">生命體</a>存在（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">存活</a>）的生命<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="現象">現象</a>，指维持一个生物存活的所有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="功能 (生物學)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Function_(biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="功能 (生物学)">生物学功能</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Function (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Function_(biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%81%86" title="永恆">永久</a>终止。能够导致死亡的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="现象">现象</a>一般有：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="衰老">衰老</a>、被<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF" title="營養不良">营养不良</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%92%E6%81%AF" title="窒息">窒息</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自杀">自杀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E5%82%B7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="受傷">受伤</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E4%BA%BA" title="杀人">他杀</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%93%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="餓死">餓死</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%B4" title="脱水">脱水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96" class="mw-redirect" title="意外">意外事故</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8D%E6%96%83" class="mw-redirect" title="槍斃">槍斃</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A4%85" title="電椅">電椅</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E6%95%8F" title="过敏">过敏</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9%E8%BF%87%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="药物过量">药物过量</a>。 </p><p>除了<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B0%B4%E6%AF%8D" title="灯塔水母">燈塔水母</a>等極少數可能的例外之外，已知生物都会不可避免地经历死亡。而在人類中，達成<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="長生不老">長生不老</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%BA%8C" title="生命延續">生命延續</a>或許是不可能的，即使有可能，要達到此種狀態可能也相當困難。另外多數人並不希望長生不老，甚至相當數量的人不希望活得太久。<sup id="cite_ref-yougov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yougov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在人类社会中，死亡這自然现象被<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>关注了几千年。这些关注中可能包含有一种信念，即某种<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="复活">复活</a>（相关于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="亚伯拉罕诸教">亚伯拉罕诸教</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="转世">转世</a>（相关于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="古印度">古印度</a>宗教，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BE%85%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="婆羅門教">婆羅門教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>等），或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="意识">意识</a>永久消失，被称为「<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永眠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eternal_oblivion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E7%9C%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永眠（页面不存在）">永眠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_oblivion" class="extiw" title="en:Eternal oblivion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eternal_oblivion</span></a></span>）</span></span>」。人类死亡之日稱為<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%8C%E6%97%A5" title="忌日">忌日</a></b>、<b>死忌</b>。死亡之后的纪念<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="仪式">仪式</a>可能包括各种<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A7%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="丧礼">丧礼</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AC%E7%A4%BC" title="葬礼">葬礼</a>。人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="尸体">尸体</a>通常被称为遗体，一般会<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%AC" title="土葬">土葬</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="火化">火化</a>，但亦有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%91%AC" title="海葬">海葬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%91%AC" title="天葬">天葬</a>、冰葬等多种其他方法处理遗体。 </p><p>雖然在法律上常認為人死後沒有和活人相同的權利，但一些法律制度，其目的是爲了保護死人的權利，因此死人也有人權，不能認為死人沒有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="人權">人權</a>；另外死亡並非是一個單一的事件而是一個過程，而死亡判定在法律和醫學上有時也有爭議。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="臨死"><span id=".E8.87.A8.E6.AD.BB"></span>臨死</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：臨死"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%8C%96" title="老化">老化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%95%B7%E5%A3%BD%E8%80%85" title="最長壽者">最長壽者</a></div> <p>几乎所有的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="动物">动物</a>，如果不会死于外部危害致使的生物功能受损，它们最终都会死于<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="衰老">衰老</a>。已知可能的例外是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B0%B4%E6%AF%8D" title="灯塔水母">灯塔水母</a>，人们认为它实际上是<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E8%80%81" title="长生不老">长生不老</a>的。非自然死亡因素有<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自杀">自杀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E4%BA%BA" title="杀人">他杀</a>。如果把所有的原因加起来，全世界每天大约有17万人死亡。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学">生理学</a>死亡现在被看成是一个过程，而不仅仅是一个事件。瀕臨死亡時，漸漸對外界的環境疏離，臨終者進入<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="意識">意識</a>模糊，生命跡象瀕臨消失，身體部分器官開始壞死，呼吸和脉搏極為微弱，需依賴維生系統。在死亡过程中，生死分界线位置的取决因素已经超越了<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BD%93%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="生命体征">生命体征</a>的存在与否。一般来说，用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="临床死亡">临床死亡</a>来判断<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法律死亡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legal Death"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法律死亡（页面不存在）">法律死亡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Death" class="extiw" title="en:Legal Death"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legal Death</span></a></span>）</span></span>既非必要，也不充足。如果一个病人心脏和肺都在工作，但已经被判定<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="脑死亡">脑死亡</a>，即使<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="临床死亡">临床死亡</a>还未发生，也可以宣布<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法律死亡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legal Death"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法律死亡（页面不存在）">法律死亡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Death" class="extiw" title="en:Legal Death"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legal Death</span></a></span>）</span></span>。事实上，随着<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a>知识和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>的进步，对死亡精确的医学定义反而变得更加问题重重。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定義"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>死亡的标志，或者是一个动物不再存活的强烈指示包括： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>停止。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="心脏">心脏</a>停搏（没有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87" title="心率">心率</a>）。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%BC%E7%99%BD%E5%83%B5%E7%9B%B4" title="蒼白僵直">蒼白僵直</a>。通常发生于死亡后15分鐘到2小時。</li> <li>出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E6%96%91" title="尸斑">尸斑</a>。尸体较低部位的血液沉淀。</li> <li>出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E5%86%B7" title="尸冷">尸冷</a>。死亡以后体温的下降。体温一般会平稳下降，直到与环境温度相同。</li> <li>出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E5%83%B5" title="尸僵">尸僵</a>。尸体的四肢变得僵硬，难以移动或摆动。</li> <li>出現<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%83%82" class="mw-redirect" title="腐烂">腐烂</a>。尸体分解为简单形式物质的过程，伴随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E6%B0%94" title="尸气">强烈难闻的气味</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="诊断"><span id=".E8.AF.8A.E6.96.AD"></span>诊断</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：诊断"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定义的问题"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89.E7.9A.84.E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>定义的问题</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：定义的问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="腦死">腦死</a></div> <p>死亡的定義对于人类理解死亡这个现象的概念至关重要<sup id="cite_ref-MohammadSamir_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MohammadSamir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，有许多科学方法解释这个概念，例如在医学中实践的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="脑死亡">脑死亡</a>，将死亡定义为大脑停止活动的时刻。定义死亡的一个困难之处就是如何将其与<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>区分开。作为一个时刻，死亡似乎是指生命终结的那一刻。然而，判断死亡何时发生，需要在生与死的概念之间划出精确的界限。这个问题有困难，因为人们对于生命的定义很少有共识。人们可能会根据有没有意识来定义生与死。当意识從大腦消失的时候，可以说一个存活的生物死亡了。然而，这种方法有一个值得注意的缺陷：有许多生物虽然活着，但可能并没有意识（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="单细胞生物">单细胞生物</a>）。这种方法的另一个问题是如何定义意识，因为现代的科学家、心理学家和哲学家对意识给出了很多种定义。定义死亡的问题给在医学上定义死亡带来了挑战。 </p><p>对于死亡的另一些定义关注于某种东西的停止<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在这种情况下，“死亡”仅仅描述了某种东西停止了的状态，例如生命。因此，定义“生命”也就同时定义了死亡。 </p><p>历史上，试图定义人类死亡的精确时刻问题重重。死亡曾经被定义为<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="心脏">心脏</a>停止跳动或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>停止，但是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%82%BA%E5%A4%8D%E8%8B%8F" title="心肺复苏">心肺复苏</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E9%99%A4%E9%A2%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="心脏除颤">心脏除颤</a>的发展表明这个定义是不够的，因为呼吸和心跳有时候可以恢复。没有正常运作的心脏或肺，如果使用一组生命维持系统，<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D" title="器官移植">器官移植</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E8%B5%B7%E6%90%8F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="心脏起搏器">心脏起搏器</a>，生命有时候仍然可以持续下去。 </p><p>现今，如果一个人需要确定是否死亡，医生或验尸者通常会使用“<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="脑死亡">脑死亡</a>”或者“生物死亡”来定义一个人的临床死亡；当一个人的脑电活动停止，他就会被认定死亡。根据推测，脑电活动的结束意味着<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86" title="意识">意识</a>活動在大腦的终结。然而，意识活動的停止必须是永久的而非瞬态的。有些情况下，人的意识活動会暂时停止，而人并没有死亡，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9EREM%E7%9D%A1%E7%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="非REM睡眠">非REM睡眠</a>状态或者是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8F%E8%BF%B7" title="昏迷">昏迷</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6%E9%9B%BB%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="腦電圖">脑电图</a>可以比较容易地区分死亡与睡眠状态。 </p><p>然而，一些学者认为“脑死亡”的范畴也是有问题的。例如，美国国家卫生研究院生物伦理学系的高级教师富兰克林·米勒博士就指出：“……然而，20世纪90年代末，学者们就越来越质疑人的脑死亡与死亡的等同性。因为有证据显示，有的病人已经正确地确诊为这种状态（脑死亡），他们被机械通气系统维持了相当长的时间，展现出了一组生物学功能。这些病人维持着一些能力，包括维持着循环和呼吸、控制体温、排泄废物、愈合伤口、对抗感染，而且更戏剧性的是孕育胎儿（存在“脑死亡”的妇女怀孕的案例）。”<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>一些人认为维持意识只需要大脑<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%AE%E8%B4%A8" title="新皮质">新皮质</a>，他们主张只用脑电活动的停止来定义死亡。最终，死亡的标准可能只会是<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="认知">认知</a>的永久不可逆消失，以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91%E7%9A%AE%E5%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="大脑皮层">大脑皮层</a>的死亡为证。在当前和可以预知的医疗技术下，将死人的思想和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="人格心理學">人格</a>恢复是没有任何希望的。然而，目前世界上的很多地区已经采用了更加保守的死亡定义——整个大脑（而非仅仅是大脑新皮质）脑电活动的不可逆消失（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="统一死亡判定法案" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uniform Determination of Death Act"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%9A%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="统一死亡判定法案（页面不存在）">统一死亡判定法案</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Determination_of_Death_Act" class="extiw" title="en:Uniform Determination of Death Act"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uniform Determination of Death Act</span></a></span>）</span></span>（UDDA））。2005年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%B2%83" title="特丽·夏沃">特丽·夏沃</a>的案例将脑死亡和人工维持的问题提到了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="美国政治">美国政治</a>的桌前。 </p><p>即使是以整个大脑的死亡作为标准，脑死亡的判定也很复杂。有时候，特定的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E7%89%A9" title="药物">药物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E8%A1%80%E7%B3%96" title="低血糖">低血糖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%BA%E6%B0%A7" title="缺氧">缺氧</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E4%BD%93%E6%B8%A9%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="低体温症">低体温症</a>能够暂时抑制甚至停止大脑活动，这时，脑电图就会检测出伪电脉冲。正因为如此，医院会有判定脑死亡的协议，其涉及到在特定情况下以长时间间隔测定脑电图。 </p><p>在一些文化中，死亡不仅仅是一个单独的事件。死亡意味着从一个精神状态缓慢地转变到另一个精神状态。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法律"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B"></span>法律</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：法律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雖然在法律上，死人不像活人一樣，享有投票或婚姻等權利，法律上常認為人死後沒有和活人一樣的權利，中華民國民法第六條表明「人之權利能力，始於出生，終於死亡。」；中华人民共和国民法典第十三条规定“自然人从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务”但一些法律制度，其目的是爲了保護死人的權利，因此死人也有人權，只是實質內容上有一些差異，但不能認為死人沒有人權。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在美国，一个人在法律上认定死亡的标准是执照医生宣布的死亡声明或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%AD%89%E6%98%8E%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="死亡證明書">死亡证明书</a>。死亡以后的任何法律后事，包括在法律术语中删除这个人，叫做<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%80%A7" title="人格性">Personhood</a>。 </p><p>在美国，拥有大脑活动，或者复原大脑活动的能力，是法律上成立為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="自然人">自然人</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%85%E8%A6%81%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="必要条件">必要条件</a>之一。“显然，一旦确定了脑死亡……切断生命维持设备不会导致任何刑事或民事责任。”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>依<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國民法">中華民國民法</a>，人之死亡，可分為自然死亡，以及法律上的死亡宣告。 </p> <ol><li>自然死亡，何時始得認為是生命終結，認定上有許多不同觀點，但目前以心跳停止，或於器官移植時腦死，判定為死亡之時。</li> <li>死亡宣告，為自然人失蹤達到一定期間，為免法律關係懸而未決，故法律上設死亡宣告制度。</li></ol> <p>如第8條規定：失蹤人失蹤滿七年後，法院得因利害關係人或檢察官之聲請，為死亡之宣告。 </p> <dl><dd>失蹤人為八十歲以上者，得於失蹤滿三年後，為死亡之宣告。</dd> <dd>失蹤人為遭遇特別災難者，得於特別災難終了滿一年後，為死亡之宣告。</dd></dl> <p>第9條：受死亡宣告者，以判決內所確定死亡之時，推定其為死亡。 </p> <dl><dd>前項死亡之時，應為前條各項所定期間最後日終止之時。但有反證者，不在此限。</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B8" title="中华人民共和国民法典">中华人民共和国民法典</a>第十三条规定，自然人从出生时起到死亡时止，具有民事权利能力，依法享有民事权利，承担民事义务。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="误诊"><span id=".E8.AF.AF.E8.AF.8A"></span>误诊</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：误诊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%9F%8B" title="活埋">活埋</a></div> <p>有很多轶事都讲述有人被医生诊断为死亡，但是在棺材里待了几天，或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="遺體保存技術">防腐</a>程序已经开始以后“<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="复活">复活</a>”了。从18世纪中叶起，公众对于错误活埋的恐惧达到了高潮，很多争论都是关于死亡标志的不确定性<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。很多人建议在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8B%E8%91%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="埋葬">埋葬</a>尸体之前测试是否还有活着的迹象，方法比如往尸体的口中倒入醋或者胡椒，或者将拔火棒放在尸体的脚上或放进直肠里<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一名叫J.C.乌斯利的医生在1895年写作声称，在英格兰和威尔士，每年有多达2700人被活埋。其他有一些人则估计这个数字接近800<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>人在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A6%E7%94%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="触电">触电</a>以后，做一个小时或者更长时间的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%82%BA%E5%A4%8D%E8%8B%8F" title="心肺复苏">心肺复苏</a>能够使受到刺激的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F" title="神经">神经</a>重新恢复作用，从而使似乎已经死亡的人活过来。人们发现，在冰水下昏迷的人，如果能保持脸部冰冷，直到他到达<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A5%E8%AF%8A%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="急诊室">急诊室</a>，就有可能会活过来。在这种“潜水反应”中，人的代谢和氧气需求量都是很少的。这种反应是人类与<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%B8%E7%9B%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="鲸目">鲸目</a>所共有的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哺乳动物潜水反射" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mammalian diving reflex"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E6%BD%9C%E6%B0%B4%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哺乳动物潜水反射（页面不存在）">哺乳动物潜水反射</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_diving_reflex" class="extiw" title="en:Mammalian diving reflex"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mammalian diving reflex</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>随着医学科技的进步，死亡发生的时间需要重新衡量，这取决于将看起来死了很长时间的人恢复生命活动的能力（就像心肺复苏和除颤显示的那样，将心跳的停止作为死亡的决定性指标是不够的）。脑电活动缺失可能也不足以认为一个人已经死了。因此，有人提出<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="信息理论性死亡">信息理论性死亡</a>（information-theoretic death，腦中牽涉死者個性和記憶的結構已毀損至難以恢復）的概念能够更好地定义真正的死亡发生的时间，虽然这个概念很少有实际应用（除了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="人體冷凍技術">人体冷冻技术</a>）。 </p><p>有的科学家尝试将死亡的有机体复活，但是成功者有限。有的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="科幻小说">科幻小说</a>描述了这种技术实现后的情景，那时候，真正的死亡已经与“可逆”的死亡区分开了。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="导致死亡的因素"><span id=".E5.AF.BC.E8.87.B4.E6.AD.BB.E4.BA.A1.E7.9A.84.E5.9B.A0.E7.B4.A0"></span>导致死亡的因素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：导致死亡的因素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/2002%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%8F%8A%E6%89%80%E5%8D%A0%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2002年致死原因及所占比例列表">2002年致死原因及所占比例列表</a></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>，死亡的首要原因是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="传染病">传染病</a>。而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%BE%BE%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="发达国家">发达国家</a>，死亡的首要原因是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%84%89%E7%B2%A5%E6%A0%B7%E7%A1%AC%E5%8C%96" title="动脉粥样硬化">动脉粥样硬化</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="心血管疾病">心血管疾病</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%A3%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="中风">中风</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>和与<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E8%83%96" class="mw-redirect" title="肥胖">肥胖</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%8C%96" title="老化">老化</a>有关的其他疾病。这些状态导致<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="稳态">稳态</a>的丧失，导致<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E9%AA%A4%E5%81%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="心脏骤停">心脏骤停</a>，导致<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a>和营养供应的缺失，导致<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%84%91" title="大脑">大脑</a>和其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6)" title="组织 (生物学)">组织</a>的不可逆恶化。全球每天有大约15万人死亡<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，中大约三分之二的人死于与年老有关的原因。在工业化国家这个比例更高，高达90%。随着医学能力的发展，死亡已经变成了一种可控的状态。在家里死亡一度是司空见惯的事情，但在当今的发达国家已经很罕见了。 </p><p>在发展中国家，卫生条件差和现代<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="医学科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Health technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="医学科技（页面不存在）">医学科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Health technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Health technology</span></a></span>）</span></span>的缺乏使死于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="传染病">传染病</a>的人更多。其中之一就是<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺结核">肺结核</a>。这种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">细菌</a>性疾病在2004年导致170万人死亡<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2004data_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2004data-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%9F%E7%96%BE" title="疟疾">疟疾</a>每年导致4至9亿人发烧，100至300万人死亡<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2025年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>因<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%BB%8B%E7%97%85" title="艾滋病">艾滋病</a>死亡的人数可能会达到九千万至一亿人<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在2000年到2008年作为美国食物权特别记者的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="让·齐格勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jean Ziegler"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="让·齐格勒（页面不存在）">让·齐格勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Ziegler" class="extiw" title="en:Jean Ziegler"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jean Ziegler</span></a></span>）</span></span>表示，因<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E4%B8%8D%E8%89%AF" title="營養不良">营养不良</a>而导致的死亡在2006年占到死亡总人数的58%。齐格勒说，全世界每年约有6200万人死亡，其中超过3600万人死于饥饿或者缺乏微量元素导致的疾病<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在20世纪，<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%83%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="吸烟">吸烟</a>导致一亿人死亡。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织">世界卫生组织</a>警告说，吸烟在21世纪可能会导致十亿人死亡<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在许多领先的发达国家中，注意<a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="饮食">饮食</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="體能">体育锻炼</a>可以延长寿命，但是随着年老，疾病发生率的增加仍然限制着人的寿命。人们充其量也就刚刚开始理解衰老。有人建议说，当今控制死亡原因的最佳方式就是直接介入衰老的过程<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="验尸"><span id=".E9.AA.8C.E5.B0.B8"></span>验尸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：验尸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%97%E5%B1%8D" title="驗屍">验尸</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%97%E5%B1%8D" title="驗屍">验尸</a>也称作尸体解剖，是一个医学程序。验尸是对人尸体的彻底检验，以求确定一个人死亡的原因和方式，并评估任何可能存在的<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E5%82%B7" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="受傷">创伤</a>。验尸通常由专门的医生（<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="病理学">病理学</a>家）进行。 </p><p>验尸用作法律或医学目的。当死亡的原因涉及到刑事问题时，就会由法医来验尸。临床或学术验尸通常是为了寻找死亡的医学原因，或者在死因未知或不确定时进行，或者是为了研究的目的。验尸更细分为两种，一种是仅需要外部检验就足够了，另一种是剖开尸体并进行内部的检验。在某些情况下，内部的验尸需要死者<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BA%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="近亲">近亲</a>的许可。内部验尸完成以后，尸体一般会重新组装缝合起来。在医学环境下，验尸是很重要的，而且可能会揭示以前的一些错误并帮助改进以后的做法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生命的延续"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.91.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.BB.B6.E7.BB.AD"></span>生命的延续</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：生命的延续"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%BB%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="生命延续">生命延续</a></div> <p>生命的延续是指延长<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%95%B7%E5%A3%BD%E8%80%85" title="最長壽者">最大寿命</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%84%E6%9C%9F%E5%AF%BF%E5%91%BD" title="预期寿命">预期寿命</a>，尤其指人类的寿命。生命的延续通过减缓或者倒转<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="衰老">衰老</a>的过程而进行。平均寿命取决于人类如何对抗<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96" class="mw-redirect" title="意外">意外事故</a>和衰老，或者与生活方式有关的疾病，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="心血管疾病">心血管疾病</a>。延长平均寿命可以通过多种方式实现，包括良好的饮食习惯、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E9%8D%9B%E7%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="體育鍛煉">体育锻炼</a>，以及控制不良生活习惯（例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%83%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="吸烟">吸烟</a>）所带来的危害。最大寿命取决于一种生物的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%8C%96" title="老化">老化</a>速度，这个速度在它的基因中决定，并一代一代继承下来。目前，对于延长最大寿命，唯一广泛认可的方法是限制<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%B7%AF%E9%87%8C" title="卡路里">卡路里</a>摄入。理论上，延缓衰老可以延长最大寿命。这可以有多种方式：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="组织工程学">定期更换受损的组织</a>，或者通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳米生物技术（页面不存在）">分子修复</a>，或者使老化的细胞或组织<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E5%BE%A9%E9%9D%92%E6%98%A5" title="回復青春">恢复年轻状态</a>。 </p><p>对生命延续的研究是生物<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="老人学">老年学</a>家所研究的课题之一。他们试图理解衰老的本质，并且研究出一些方式来倒转衰老的过程，或者至少减缓这个过程，从而提升人们的健康水平，并且在生命的每个阶段都维持年轻的活力。目前，生命延续的基本策略就是应用现有的方式来对抗衰老，并寄希望于活到某一天，人类能够发展出彻底对抗老化的方式。然而，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%8C%E6%8E%A7%E5%8F%AF%E5%BF%BD%E7%95%A5%E8%A1%B0%E8%80%81" title="掌控可忽略衰老">掌控可忽略衰老</a>等延緩或逆轉衰老並藉此延緩或避免死亡的嘗試和理論，被主流學界視為是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="边缘科学">邊緣科學</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>而至今也沒有一個有效的方法可將人類的壽命延長到自然壽限之外的程度。 </p><p>雖然人類長期追求生命延續甚至追求永生，但達成<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="長生不老">長生不老</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%BA%8C" title="生命延續">生命延續</a>或許是不可能的，即使有可能，要達到此種狀態可能也相當困難。像例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="科羅拉多大學波德分校">科羅拉多大學波德分校</a>研究員Jesse Kurland的博士論文指出，老化是個影響基因網路的複雜程序，因此改變單一或數個基因不能停止老化。<sup id="cite_ref-kurland_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kurland-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另外多數人並不希望長生不老。一項英國的調查顯示，即使是在生理與心理健康都能得到保證的狀況下，也依舊只有大約六分之一（17%）的人希望自己能長生不老；而在其中，男性（21%）希望長生不老的比例顯著高於女性（12%）；事實上，該份調查顯示，不僅多數人不希望長生不老，甚至有40%的受訪者不希望活到超過一百歲。<sup id="cite_ref-yougov_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yougov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地点"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.82.B9"></span>地点</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：地点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在1930年以前的西方国家，多数死亡的人都是在家中，家人环绕四周，由神职人员、邻居和医生来抚慰<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-8018-1762-5_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-8018-1762-5-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在20世纪中叶，美国死亡的人中一半都是在医院里死亡<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-679-41461-4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-679-41461-4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在21世纪初的西方国家，在家中死亡的人口中仅有约20%到25%<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-679-41461-4_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-679-41461-4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16299059_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16299059-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11535743_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11535743-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由在家中死亡转变到在专业的医疗环境中死亡，这种转变被称为“Invisible Death”（“无形的死亡”）<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-679-41461-4_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-679-41461-4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="社会和文化"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E5.92.8C.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>社会和文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：社会和文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="認識"><span id=".E8.AA.8D.E8.AD.98"></span>認識</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：認識"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>死亡作為生命終結的象征，在很多文化中常被认为是非常嚴肅和悲傷的事情，因此死亡一事在全球各地的文化中都有舉足輕重的地位，需要爲死者舉行隆重而富有儀式性的葬禮，紀念其一生的功過，喪禮和悼念死者可說是<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%9A%E5%89%87" title="普世文化通則">普世的文化現象</a>。 </p><p>所有或幾乎所有的文化都相信<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%90%8E%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="死后生命">死後生命</a>並有相關的信仰<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；另外，研究顯示，即使是年紀很小的儿童也知道什麼是死亡，但年紀較小的儿童，反倒比年紀更大的儿童或大人，更可能相信死後生命。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="原始宗教">原始宗教</a>在很大程度就是由於對死亡和未知的恐懼而出現的。在很多文化和神話中，都有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>和死亡主宰者的存在，或者是作為地獄對立面的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="天堂">天堂</a>。 </p><p>例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="盎格魯薩克遜">盎格魯薩克遜</a>文化中有<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E7%A5%9E" title="死神">死神</a>的存在，即使後來皈依只有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E9%AC%BC" title="魔鬼">魔鬼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>，但沒有死神概念的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>，死神的形象也依然存在於歐美文化中。基督教認為生命死亡後，會經由上帝的審判，決定信徒升入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="天堂">天堂</a>或坠入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>。在漢人原始信仰裡，人死後魂靈會下到<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B3%89" title="黃泉">黃泉</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%96%93" title="陰間">陰間</a>，或升上天界。在道家<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="莊子">莊子</a>看來，人由於<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%81" class="mw-redirect" title="炁">氣</a>的結合而生，<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%81" class="mw-redirect" title="炁">炁</a>的散滅而死亡，人死後不過是回歸自然，完成了使命<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在印度宗教傳統中，普遍接受<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E8%BF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="輪迴">輪迴</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E4%B8%96" title="轉世">轉世</a>的概念，認為動物死亡後會投生到下一世動物身中，不僅是人類，還包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%94%9F" title="畜生">畜生</a>類和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E7%A5%9E" title="鬼神">鬼神</a>類，這在佛教中尤有闡發，提出<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%81%93" title="六道">六道</a>（或<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="五道">五道</a>）輪迴，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%93_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="人道 (佛教)">人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%9C%E7%94%9F" title="畜生">畜生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%93%E9%AC%BC" title="餓鬼">餓鬼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BF%AE%E7%BE%85_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="阿修羅 (佛教)">阿修羅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="天人 (佛教)">天人</a>之間可以互相輪迴，因此死亡並不是生命的徹底的終結，而<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%BB%E9%AD%94%E7%BE%85%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="閻魔羅王">閻魔羅王</a>會根據人的生前的功過來判斷下世投生之所，這也影響了道教的生死觀，形成了<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%BB%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="閻王">閻王</a>形象。佛教、道教也因此形成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BA%A6" title="超度">超度</a>的宗教仪式，谓<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9A%E5%8A%9F%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="做功德">做功德</a>将亡者的神魂送往天（仙）、人<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="善道">善道</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="净土">净土</a>中投生。 </p><p>與死亡息息相關的是鬼與靈魂。在人類文明中，普遍存在著人死後會化為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="幽靈">幽靈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC" title="鬼">鬼靈</a>）或<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A1%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="惡靈">惡靈</a>的信仰，并衍生出非常多的次文化，如電影中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="恐怖電影">鬼片</a>類型。普遍地說，人死後可能藉由一生中的善行功績或信仰神祇而升入天堂，也可能因惡行罪愆或褻瀆神祇而墮入地獄；但還有一種是怨念極深或有心事未了者，可能變成幽靈的形態徘徊人間，對其的認識也因文化不同而有差異，日本《<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%92%E6%80%A8" title="咒怨">咒怨</a>》傳說就展示了一個十分恐怖的鬼怪形象，基督教的<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A1%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="惡靈">惡靈</a>概念與之相似，而在歐美文化中，也認為靈魂也可以是善良、有意識的，甚至能和人交流。除此之外，也有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="不死生物">不死生物</a>的传说，例如中国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%AD%E5%B1%8D" title="殭屍">殭屍</a>，欧美文化中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E5%B1%8D" title="喪屍">喪屍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E8%A1%80%E9%AC%BC" title="吸血鬼">吸血鬼</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="探索"><span id=".E6.8E.A2.E7.B4.A2"></span>探索</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：探索"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雖然宗教對死亡有深入的解釋，但現代科學對死亡的探索仍無止境。在幾十年前，人們就通過做實驗，或進行調查，形成了人死亡後的狀態的研究體系，稱爲“<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E9%AB%94%E9%A9%97" class="mw-redirect" title="瀕死體驗">瀕死體驗</a>研究”。簡言之，就是人死亡後，意識（靈魂）脫出軀體，游離世間的種種體驗，在人被搶救甦生後道出，科學家將之作為調查材料，并進行總結研究。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="瀕死經驗"><span id=".E7.80.95.E6.AD.BB.E7.B6.93.E9.A9.97"></span>瀕死經驗</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：瀕死經驗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="瀕死經驗">瀕死經驗</a></div> <p>瀕死經驗，是一種在接近死亡時一些人所經歷的現象。這些現象包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%87%BA%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="靈魂出體">靈魂出體</a>、看見<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="天堂">天堂</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>、看見親人、看見<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>人物或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a>、回顧一生的生活、極度的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%90%E6%87%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="恐懼">恐懼</a>、完全的平靜、安全感、溫暖、徹底的破碎感、一道亮光的出現、甚至看見超我和超時空的東西、以及其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="超自然现象">超自然</a>的現象。随着近年来心脏复苏技术的发展，<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="瀕死經驗">瀕死經驗</a>的案例数日益增加<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但有部份學者認為，这些现象并不一定要在濒死状态下才出现<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社會階級、語言"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E9.9A.8E.E7.B4.9A.E3.80.81.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>社會階級、語言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：社會階級、語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不同的社會階級，死亡所受到的重視和對待也是不一樣的。在中國古代，建立起封建主義和專權統治制度後，對不同階級者的死亡稱呼，乃至葬禮的規格也各有區別。 </p><p>例如，皇帝死亡叫做“崩殂”、“駕崩”、“崩”、“晏驾”<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，公侯贵戚死称“薨”，士大夫、大臣死称“卒”，士死称“不禄”，庶人死称“殁”、“死”。實際上，這一套體系，還牽涉到<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="禁語">禁語</a>概念，在民間也有體現。一般來說，死亡被視作不祥之事，不好直接陳述，因此誕生了許多避諱的禁語，如“沒了”、“百年之後”、“歸天”、“三長兩短”等。在社會職業和情感色彩，對死亡的形容也各有區別；含有悲壯、惋惜、尊重、嚴肅意義者，或針對軍人、大眾事業喪生者，稱“<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BA%E7%89%B2" title="牺牲">犧牲</a>”（詞源是古代祭禮）、“逝世”、“去世”、“辭世”等；含有戲謔、不敬意義者，叫“嗝<small>兒</small>屁”、“一命呜呼”、“翹辮子”、“死硬了”、“见<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%8E%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阎王">阎王</a>”、“蘇州賣鴨蛋”等；對待在事故中死亡者，稱爲“遇難”、“遇害”、“喪生”、“罹難”；未成年死亡者，可稱爲“殇”、“夭折”；對不同宗教信仰而有稱為“往生極樂”、“捨報”、“安息主懷”、“蒙主寵召”、“榮歸天家”，而對宗教人員(宗教家)又有特別的稱呼，如“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%AF%82" title="圓寂">圓寂</a>”、“<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E7%81%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="入灭">入滅</a>”、“歸真”、“羽化”、“登仙”、“捨壽”、“仙逝”、“<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%B8%B8_(%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99)" title="无常 (伊斯兰教)">無常</a>”等。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>類似的用意，在其他文化中也能尋見。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="死亡後的處理"><span id=".E6.AD.BB.E4.BA.A1.E5.BE.8C.E7.9A.84.E8.99.95.E7.90.86"></span>死亡後的處理</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：死亡後的處理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%B9%83%E4%BC%8A" title="木乃伊">干尸</a>可以自然形成，就像瓜纳华托干尸；或者有人故意做成，就像<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%A2%93%E8%91%AC%E4%B9%A0%E4%BF%97" title="古埃及墓葬习俗">古埃及木乃伊</a>。 </p><p>死亡是许多传统和组织的中心；与死亡有关的习俗是全世界每一种文化具有的特征、是<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%9A%E5%89%87" title="普世文化通則">普世的文化現象</a>。其中许多涉及到对死者的关注，也有对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E4%B8%96" title="來世">来世</a>的解释，以及对发病死者的尸体进行处理。一般在人死后不久对死者的尸体进行处理，而葬礼常常以<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%AC" title="土葬">土葬</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%91%AC" title="火葬">火葬</a>的形式进行。这些做法在全世界并不统一：例如在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏">西藏</a>，尸体通常被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%91%AC" title="天葬">天葬</a>，遗留在山顶上，被禿鷹啄食。为死者正确地准备葬礼等一系列程序，来创造使其精神转移到另一个躯体（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="转世">转世</a>）的能力，这是对西藏详细研究的课题之一<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。很多文化中流行将尸体做成<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%B9%83%E4%BC%8A" title="木乃伊">干尸</a>，或者用<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="遺體保存技術">一定的方法进行保存</a>，以减缓尸体<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="分解作用">分解</a>的速度。 </p><p>许多文化中也涉及到死亡的法律问题，例如死者遗产的处理、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF" title="继承">继承</a>，以及在某些国家中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E7%A8%8E" title="遗产税">遗产税</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="死亡、死刑和殺生"><span id=".E6.AD.BB.E4.BA.A1.E3.80.81.E6.AD.BB.E5.88.91.E5.92.8C.E6.AE.BA.E7.94.9F"></span>死亡、死刑和殺生</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：死亡、死刑和殺生"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a>也是一个导致文化分歧的方面。在大多数存在死刑的司法区域内，死刑通常只为某些罪行所保留，包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%8B%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="谋杀">谋杀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E8%B0%8D" title="间谍">间谍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="叛國">叛国</a>，以及某些军事犯罪。在一些国家，性犯罪，诸如<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%A5%B8" title="通奸">通奸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%A1%E5%A5%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鸡奸">鸡奸</a>之类，也会像正式放弃自己的宗教——<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99" title="叛教">叛教</a>一样，会判处死刑。在许多保留死刑的国家里，贩<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81" title="毒品">毒</a>也会被判处死刑。在中国，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A9%E8%B3%A3%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="販賣人口">贩卖人口</a>以及严重的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%85%90%E6%95%97" title="政治腐敗">腐败</a>也会导致被判死刑。很多國家的军事法庭会对一些军事犯罪判处死刑，例如怯懦、遗弃、不服从命令、兵变等<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但近年來死刑的正當性在法學上成了一個具有爭議性的議題，詳見<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E5%AD%98%E5%BB%A2%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="死刑存廢問題">死刑存廢問題</a>。 </p><p>死于战争和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80%E5%BC%8F%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="自杀式袭击">自杀式袭击</a>也有一些文化上的联系，比如“为国捐躯”、可处以死刑的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="兵变">兵变</a>，或者向死亡士兵的家属递送死亡通知书，都嵌入在许多文化的范畴中。在近期的西方世界，<a href="/wiki/9%C2%B711%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="9·11恐怖袭击事件">9·11恐怖袭击事件</a>之后不断增加的恐怖袭击，以及以前的自杀式炸弹袭击事件、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="二战">二战</a>时期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E9%9A%8A" title="特別攻擊隊">特别攻击队</a>以及历史上其他战争冲突中的自杀任务，以自杀式袭击的方式死亡，以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="殉教">殉教</a>，都有显著的文化影响。 </p><p>一般意义上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自杀">自杀</a>，特别是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%90%E6%AD%BB" title="安乐死">安乐死</a>，也是文化的争论点之一。这两种行为在不同的文化中有着非常不同的理解。例如在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>，为了荣誉而以<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E8%85%B9" title="切腹">切腹</a>的方式结束自己的生命，被视作一种可取的死亡方式，而按照传统的基督教和伊斯兰文化，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="自杀">自杀</a>被视为一种罪恶。在许多文化中，死亡被人格化，表示为“<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E7%A5%9E" title="死神">死神</a>”、“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" title="亚兹拉尔">亚兹拉尔</a>”，以及“<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="时间老人" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Father Time"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="时间老人（页面不存在）">时间老人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Time" class="extiw" title="en:Father Time"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Father Time</span></a></span>）</span></span>”这样的象征。 </p><p>另外值得一提的是，道德和法律對殺生行為（殺死人類或動物）有相應的規制和裁定，所有的社會都禁止無故奪去無辜者的生命，不論對方是男是女或者年紀為何都一樣，禁止謀殺是<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%80%9A%E5%89%87" title="普世文化通則">普世文化通則</a>，一些宗教對待殺生行為也有重要的解釋。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="儒教 (宗教)">儒教</a>看來，殺生行為是不值得提倡的，甚至在佛教中認為殺生會導致非常嚴重的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%B6%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="恶报">惡報</a>——尤其是殺人，可能造成墮入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="地獄 (佛教)">地獄</a>，因此<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E7%94%9F" title="杀生">殺生</a>被列入基礎的<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="戒律">戒律</a>之一。這在其他宗教也具有類似的看法，信仰<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="甘地">甘地</a>發起非暴力行動，基督教中也強調“殺人會下地獄”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物学"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9.E5.AD.A6"></span>生物学</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：生物学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>死亡以后，生物体的残骸成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="生物地質化學循環">生物地质化学循环</a>的一部分。残骸可能会被<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a>者或者<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%85%90%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="食腐动物">食腐动物</a>吃掉。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有机物">有机物</a>可能进一步被<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E7%94%9F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="腐生生物">腐生生物</a>分解，然后回归到环境中并被<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%93%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="食物链">食物链</a>重新利用。腐生生物包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%AF%E8%9A%93" title="蚯蚓">蚯蚓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E9%B1%89%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="土鱉蟲">土鳖虫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%A3%E8%9E%82" title="蜣螂">蜣螂</a>等等。 </p><p>微生物也扮演者重要的角色，它们将物质分解为简单分子，并且提升物质的温度。然而，并不是所有的物质都需要完全分解。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%B3%BD" title="沼泽">沼泽</a>生态系统中经过长时间形成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E7%82%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="煤炭">煤炭</a>就是一个例子。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自然选择"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.84.B6.E9.80.89.E6.8B.A9"></span>自然选择</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：自然选择"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9" title="自然选择">自然选择</a></div> <p>现代<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="演化">演化論</a>将死亡看作<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9" title="自然选择">自然选择</a>过程中一个重要的部分。演化論认为，不<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="适应">适应</a>生存环境的生物体将更有可能产生更少的后代，从而减少它们对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%BA%93" class="mw-redirect" title="基因库">基因库</a>的贡献。它们的基因将因此最终在群体中减少，在最差的情况下将会<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="灭绝">灭绝</a>；如果可能的话，在更积极的情况下将会<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成">形成新物种</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="繁殖">繁殖</a>的频率在决定物种能否生存中同样扮演着重要的角色：根据<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="达尔文">达尔文</a>的理论，一个生物存活时间短但留下很多后代，另一个生物存活时间很长但只留下一个后代，那么前者将表现出更强的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="适应度">适应度</a>，因為繁殖會使子代基因與母代基因存在差異，導致子代間的個體差異，個體差異使個體間對環境的適應力不同，如該個體比母代更能適應環境，這個個體將更能產生更多後代。例如細菌的抗藥性，因為細菌的繁殖速度極快，當以藥物對付一種細菌時，細菌的後代較容易透過基因變異產生對該藥物的耐藥性。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="灭绝"><span id=".E7.81.AD.E7.BB.9D"></span>灭绝</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：灭绝"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="灭绝">灭绝</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg/170px-ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>画中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E6%B8%A1%E9%B8%9F" title="渡渡鸟">渡渡鸟</a>。这种鸟类的名称在英语中成为物种灭绝的象征。<sup id="cite_ref-Diamond_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diamond-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>灭绝是指一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种">物种</a>或者一个物种<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%96%AE%E5%85%83" title="分類單元">分类单元</a>的消亡，伴随着<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%A0%B7%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="生物多样性">生物多样性</a>的降低。<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AD%E7%BB%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="灭绝">灭绝</a>的时刻通常被认为是这个物种的最后一个个体死亡的时刻（虽然可能在这个时刻以前就失去了<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E7%BE%A4%E7%93%B6%E9%A2%88" title="种群瓶颈">培养和恢复这个物种的能力</a>）。因为一个物种的分布区域可能非常大，判断这个时刻很困难，通常用向前追溯的方式决定。这种困难导致了一些现象的发生，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E8%B7%AF%E7%B1%BB%E7%BE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉撒路类群（页面不存在）">拉撒路类群</a>。这种现象是指，一个物种已被认为灭绝，在一段时间内已经明显消失，然后突然又出现了（通常是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a>记录中）。<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90" title="物种形成">物种形成</a>是进化的一个方面。当新物种能够找到并利用它们的生态位时，这个物种就开始发展和繁荣。当它们不能在变化的条件中生存或者对抗更优越的竞争者时，它们就会逐渐灭绝。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理學"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.AD.B8"></span>物理學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：物理學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%AE%88%E6%81%92%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="质量守恒定律">質量守恒定律</a>（又稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA%E4%B8%8D%E6%BB%85%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="物質不滅定律">物質不滅定律</a>），組成物質的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">最基本物質及能量</a>是不能被創造或消滅，只能重組。因此，從唯物論角度去看，當人類死亡後, 即使其遺體被火化及骨灰撒入大海後，也不會真正的消失或消滅，而只不過是組成人體的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="基本粒子">基本粒子</a>會重組。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>不過，根據<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B5%E5%A2%9E%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="熵增定律">熵增定律</a>，這些組成身體的粒子，會由生前的高度有序系統，變成無序，且過程是不可逆的，即其<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B5" title="熵">熵</a>值（混亂度）只會不斷增加，不能減少。因此，死亡代表組成生命的物質與能量系統，從有序變成無序，且變化不能再逆轉。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文學定義"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>文學定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：文學定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在華夏文學史，“死”在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="中國人">中國人</a>眼中最為看中。例如西漢史學家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>曾提及了“人固有一死，或重於泰山，或輕如鴻毛，用之所趨義也。”在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>時期<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="愛國主義">愛國主義</a>詩人<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E6%B8%B8" title="陸游">陸游</a>曾在其臨終前曾創作一首<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E8%A8%80%E7%B5%95%E5%8F%A5" title="七言絕句">七言絕句</a>《示兒》中提及了 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209892">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{margin-top:0;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1em;text-align:left;padding-left:2em;margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite cite{font-size:small}</style> </p> <blockquote class="templatequote"><p>死去元知萬事空，<br />但悲不見九州同。<br />王師北定中原日，<br />家祭勿忘告乃翁。</p></blockquote><p>其中第一句“死去元知萬事空”指的是我原來知道死去之後才知一切原來都已空了。 </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skull_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="死亡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skull_2.svg/28px-Skull_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skull_2.svg/42px-Skull_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Skull_2.svg/56px-Skull_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="Portal:死亡">死亡主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85" title="疾病">疾病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E5%98%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="遗嘱">遗嘱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%96%93" title="陰間">陰間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="死亡學">死亡学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E7%8A%AF" title="死刑犯">死刑犯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%90%8E%E6%8A%BD%E6%90%90" class="mw-redirect" title="死后抽搐">死后抽搐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="瀕死經驗">濒死经验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%89%8D%E5%96%AA%E7%A6%AE" title="生前喪禮">生前喪禮</a>（已去世的人士）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yougov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yougov_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yougov_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Matthew Smith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yougov.co.uk/topics/health/articles-reports/2018/07/12/one-six-britons-want-live-forever">One in six Britons want to live forever</a>. YouGov. YouGov PLC. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817013242/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/health/articles-reports/2018/07/12/one-six-britons-want-live-forever">存档</a>于2022-08-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=One+in+six+Britons+want+to+live+forever&rft.au=Matthew+Smith&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouGov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyougov.co.uk%2Ftopics%2Fhealth%2Farticles-reports%2F2018%2F07%2F12%2Fone-six-britons-want-live-forever&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MohammadSamir-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MohammadSamir_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohammad Samir Hossain and Peter Gilbert. 2010. Concepts of Death: A key to our adjustment. <i>Illness, Crisis and Loss</i>, Vol 18. No 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford English Dictionary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FG Miller "Death and organ donation: back to the future" Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:616-620</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1991 Metcalf, Peter & Richard Huntington. Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual. Cambridge Press, New York. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kirsten Rabe Smolensky. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol37/iss3/4/">Rights of the Dead</a>. Hofstra Law Review. 2009, <b>37</b> (4) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-03-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401080137/https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol37/iss3/4/">存档</a>于2021-04-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Rights+of+the+Dead&rft.au=Kirsten+Rabe+Smolensky&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Hofstra+Law+Review&rft.volume=37&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu%2Fhlr%2Fvol37%2Fiss3%2F4%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Dority v. Superior Court of San Bernardino County, 193 Cal.Rptr. 288, 291 (1983))</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBondeson2001">Bondeson 2001</a>，第77頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBondeson2001">Bondeson 2001</a>，第56, 71.頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBondeson2001">Bondeson 2001</a>，第239頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/greatc.html">Statistics Population, World, Countries, Cities, Religions, Roman Catholic, Muslims - Worldwide Missions - Wholesome Words</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-08-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317090448/https://www.wholesomewords.org/missions/greatc.html">存档</a>于2021-03-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=Statistics+Population%2C+World%2C+Countries%2C+Cities%2C+Religions%2C+Roman+Catholic%2C+Muslims+-+Worldwide+Missions+-+Wholesome+Words&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wholesomewords.org%2Fmissions%2Fgreatc.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2004data-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHO2004data_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%AB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界卫生组织">世界卫生组织</a>（WHO）<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html">Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104 – Global and regional incidence.</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131230232509/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） 2006年5月，查阅于2008年8月6日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Chris Thomas, Global Health/Health Infectious Diseases and Nutrition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/malaria">USAID's Malaria Programs</a>. Usaid.gov. 2009-06-02 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322012603/https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/malaria">存档</a>于2021-03-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.au=Chris+Thomas%2C+Global+Health%2FHealth+Infectious+Diseases+and+Nutrition&rft.btitle=USAID%27s+Malaria+Programs&rft.date=2009-06-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Usaid.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usaid.gov%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fglobal-health%2Fmalaria&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/mar/04/aids">Aids could kill 90 million Africans, says UN</a>. London: Guardian. 2005-03-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090914150345/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/mar/04/aids">存档</a>于2009-09-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Aids+could+kill+90+million+Africans%2C+says+UN&rft.date=2005-03-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2005%2Fmar%2F04%2Faids&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/03/AR2006060300229.html"><i>AIDS Toll May Reach 100 Million in Africa</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121111225848/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/03/AR2006060300229.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Ziegler, <i>L'Empire de la honte</i>, Fayard, 2007 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9782253121152" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-253-12115-2</a> p.130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080210092031.htm">Tobacco Could Kill One Billion By 2100, World Health Organization Report Warns</a>. Sciencedaily.com. 2008-02-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/617X0xQmf?url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080210092031.htm">存档</a>于2011-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=Tobacco+Could+Kill+One+Billion+By+2100%2C+World+Health+Organization+Report+Warns&rft.date=2008-02-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Sciencedaily.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2008%2F02%2F080210092031.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/08/2157587.htm">Tobacco could kill more than 1 billion this century: World Health Organization</a>. Abc.net.au. 2008-02-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-05-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/617X1Sf3V?url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-02-08/tobacco-could-kill-more-than-1-billion-this/1036464">存档</a>于2011-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=Tobacco+could+kill+more+than+1+billion+this+century%3A+World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Abc.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2008%2F02%2F08%2F2157587.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSJ_Olshanksy2006" class="citation journal">SJ Olshanksy; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grg.org/resources/TheScientist.htm">Longevity dividend: What should we be doing to prepare for the unprecedented aging of humanity?</a>. The Scientist. 2006, <b>20</b>: 28–36 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-03-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100924101442/http://grg.org/resources/TheScientist.htm">存档</a>于2010-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Longevity+dividend%3A+What+should+we+be+doing+to+prepare+for+the+unprecedented+aging+of+humanity%3F&rft.au=SJ+Olshanksy&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scientist&rft.pages=28-36&rft.volume=20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grg.org%2Fresources%2FTheScientist.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AD%89%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE" title="Category:引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Warner, H.; Anderson, J.; Austad, S.; Bergamini, E.; Bredesen, D.; Butler, R.; Carnes, B. A.; Clark, B. F. C.; Cristofalo, V.; Faulkner, J.; Guarente, L.; Harrison, D. E.; Kirkwood, T.; Lithgow, G.; Martin, G.; Masoro, E.; Melov, S.; Miller, R. A.; Olshansky, S. J.; Partridge, L.; Pereira-Smith, O.; Perls, T.; Richardson, A.; Smith, J.; Von Zglinicki, T.; Wang, E.; Wei, J. Y.; Williams, T. F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1371037">Science fact and the SENS agenda. What can we reasonably expect from ageing research?</a>. EMBO Reports. Nov 2005, <b>6</b> (11): 1006–1008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1469-221X"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1469-221X</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1371037"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 1371037</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16264422"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 16264422</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400555"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400555</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Science+fact+and+the+SENS+agenda.+What+can+we+reasonably+expect+from+ageing+research%3F&rft.au=Anderson%2C+J.&rft.au=Austad%2C+S.&rft.au=Bergamini%2C+E.&rft.au=Bredesen%2C+D.&rft.au=Butler%2C+R.&rft.au=Carnes%2C+B.+A.&rft.au=Clark%2C+B.+F.+C.&rft.au=Cristofalo%2C+V.&rft.au=Faulkner%2C+J.&rft.au=Guarente%2C+L.&rft.au=Harrison%2C+D.+E.&rft.au=Kirkwood%2C+T.&rft.au=Lithgow%2C+G.&rft.au=Martin%2C+G.&rft.au=Masoro%2C+E.&rft.au=Melov%2C+S.&rft.au=Miller%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Olshansky%2C+S.+J.&rft.au=Partridge%2C+L.&rft.au=Pereira-Smith%2C+O.&rft.au=Perls%2C+T.&rft.au=Richardson%2C+A.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J.&rft.au=Von+Zglinicki%2C+T.&rft.au=Wang%2C+E.&rft.au=Wei%2C+J.+Y.&rft.au=Williams%2C+T.+F.&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.date=2005-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1469-221X&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Reports&rft.pages=1006-1008&rft.volume=6&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1371037&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1371037&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400555&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16264422&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kurland-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kurland_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rachel Sauer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colorado.edu/asmagazine/2023/07/27/bad-news-boomers-theres-no-magic-cure-aging">Bad news for Boomers: There’s no magic cure for aging</a>. Colorado Arts and Sciences Magazine. University of Colorado Boulder. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230828145225/https://www.colorado.edu/asmagazine/2023/07/27/bad-news-boomers-theres-no-magic-cure-aging">存档</a>于2023-08-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Bad+news+for+Boomers%3A+There%E2%80%99s+no+magic+cure+for+aging&rft.au=Rachel+Sauer&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colorado+Arts+and+Sciences+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.edu%2Fasmagazine%2F2023%2F07%2F27%2Fbad-news-boomers-theres-no-magic-cure-aging&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jesse V Kurland; Alicia A Cutler; Nicole Dalla Betta; Tiffany Antwine; Jacob T Stanley, Ashleigh Van Deusen, Brad Pawlikowski, Monica Hall, Alan Russell, Mary Ann Allen, Robin Dowell, Bradley Olwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37315524/">Aging disrupts gene expression timing during muscle regeneration</a>. Stem Cell Reports. 2023-07-13, <b>18</b> (6): 1325–1339 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-09-13</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2213-6711"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 2213-6711</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37315524"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 37315524</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.stemcr.2023.05.005"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.005</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230624185934/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37315524/">存档</a>于2023-06-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Aging+disrupts+gene+expression+timing+during+muscle+regeneration&rft.au=Alicia+A+Cutler&rft.au=Jesse+V+Kurland&rft.au=Nicole+Dalla+Betta&rft.au=Tiffany+Antwine&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=2213-6711&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Stem+Cell+Reports&rft.pages=1325-1339&rft.volume=18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F37315524%2F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.stemcr.2023.05.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37315524&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-8018-1762-5-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-8018-1762-5_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ariès, Philippe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westernattitudes00phil">Western attitudes toward death: from the Middle Ages to the present</a>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 1974: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westernattitudes00phil/page/87">87</a>–89. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8018-1762-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-8018-1762-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-8018-1762-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.au=Ari%C3%A8s%2C+Philippe&rft.btitle=Western+attitudes+toward+death%3A+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+present&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8018-1762-5&rft.pages=87-89&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesternattitudes00phil&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-679-41461-4-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-679-41461-4_24-0"><sup><b>24.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-679-41461-4_24-1"><sup><b>24.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-679-41461-4_24-2"><sup><b>24.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nuland, Sherwin B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwediereflecti00nula">How we die: Reflections on life's final chapter</a>. New York: A.A. Knopf. 1994: 254255. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-679-41461-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-679-41461-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-679-41461-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.au=Nuland%2C+Sherwin+B.&rft.btitle=How+we+die%3A+Reflections+on+life%27s+final+chapter&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-679-41461-4&rft.pages=254255&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=A.A.+Knopf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwediereflecti00nula&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16299059-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16299059_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ahmad S, O'Mahony MS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_qjm_2005-12_98_12/page/865">Where older people die: a retrospective population-based study</a>. QJM. December 2005, <b>98</b> (12): 865–70. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16299059"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 16299059</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fqjmed%2Fhci138"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1093/qjmed/hci138</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Where+older+people+die%3A+a+retrospective+population-based+study&rft.au=Ahmad+S%2C+O%27Mahony+MS&rft.date=2005-12&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=QJM&rft.pages=865-70&rft.volume=98&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_qjm_2005-12_98_12%2Fpage%2F865&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fqjmed%2Fhci138&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16299059&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11535743-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11535743_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cassel CK, Demel B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1282180">Remembering death: public policy in the USA</a>. J R Soc Med. September 2001, <b>94</b> (9): 433–6. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1282180"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 1282180</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11535743"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 11535743</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Remembering+death%3A+public+policy+in+the+USA&rft.au=Cassel+CK%2C+Demel+B&rft.date=2001-09&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=J+R+Soc+Med&rft.pages=433-6&rft.volume=94&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1282180&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1282180&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11535743&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DwgwGs__4c4C&pg=PA338&lpg=PA338&dq=%22life+after+death%22+%22all+societies%22&source=bl&ots=O6htf2uIvU&sig=ACfU3U0qrfDO_4eqhj-lm4SWXe6wwi5cxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLzbH-jIroAhW6LqYKHSjaAfsQ6AEwAnoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22life%20after%20death%22%20%22all%20societies%22&f=false">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317090542/https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DwgwGs__4c4C&pg=PA338&lpg=PA338&dq=%22life+after+death%22+%22all+societies%22&source=bl&ots=O6htf2uIvU&sig=ACfU3U0qrfDO_4eqhj-lm4SWXe6wwi5cxw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLzbH-jIroAhW6LqYKHSjaAfsQ6AEwAnoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22life%20after%20death%22%20%22all%20societies%22&f=false">存档</a>于2021-03-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.tw%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDwgwGs__4c4C%26pg%3DPA338%26lpg%3DPA338%26dq%3D%2522life%2Bafter%2Bdeath%2522%2B%2522all%2Bsocieties%2522%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DO6htf2uIvU%26sig%3DACfU3U0qrfDO_4eqhj-lm4SWXe6wwi5cxw%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiLzbH-jIroAhW6LqYKHSjaAfsQ6AEwAnoECAMQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522life%2520after%2520death%2522%2520%2522all%2520societies%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A8906/datastream/OBJ/view/Intuitive_conceptions_of_dead_agents__minds__The_natural_foundations_of_afterlife_beliefs.pdf">存档副本</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222094131/http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A8906/datastream/OBJ/view/Intuitive_conceptions_of_dead_agents__minds__The_natural_foundations_of_afterlife_beliefs.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-12-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffau.digital.flvc.org%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Ffau%253A8906%2Fdatastream%2FOBJ%2Fview%2FIntuitive_conceptions_of_dead_agents__minds__The_natural_foundations_of_afterlife_beliefs.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《莊子·至樂》：莊子妻死，惠子弔之，莊子则方箕踞鼓盆而歌。惠子曰：“与人居，长子老身，死不哭亦足矣，又鼓盆而歌，不亦甚乎！”莊子曰：“不然。是其始死也，我独何能无概然！察其始而本无生，非徒无生也而本无形，非徒无形也而本无气。杂乎芒芴之间，变而有气，气变而有形，形变而有生，今又变而之死，是相与为春秋冬夏四时行也。人且偃然寝于巨室，而我噭噭然随而哭之，自以为不通乎命，故止也。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beauregard, Mario; Denyse O'Leary. Toward a Nonmaterialist Science of Mind. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritualbrainne00beau">The Spiritual Brain</a>. New York: HarperOne. 2007: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spiritualbrainne00beau/page/n383">368</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-06-085883-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-06-085883-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-06-085883-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Toward+a+Nonmaterialist+Science+of+Mind&rft.aufirst=Mario&rft.aulast=Beauregard&rft.btitle=The+Spiritual+Brain&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-06-085883-4&rft.pages=368&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspiritualbrainne00beau&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">引文使用过时参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">coauthors</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#deprecated_params" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paper.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/201111711201434420285.shtm?id=20285">濒死体验只是生理反应</a>. 科学网. 2011-11-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-11-07</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117001325/http://paper.sciencenet.cn/htmlpaper/201111711201434420285.shtm?id=20285">存档</a>于2011-11-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=%E6%BF%92%E6%AD%BB%E4%BD%93%E9%AA%8C%E5%8F%AA%E6%98%AF%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94&rft.date=2011-11-07&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpaper.sciencenet.cn%2Fhtmlpaper%2F201111711201434420285.shtm%3Fid%3D20285&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《出師表》：“先帝创业未半，而中道崩殂。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://k.sina.com.cn/article_6036064462_167c708ce001002y3a.html">皇帝死叫驾崩，和尚死叫圆寂，仇人死叫什么？</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-03-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200713202850/http://k.sina.com.cn/article_6036064462_167c708ce001002y3a.html">存档</a>于2020-07-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D%E6%AD%BB%E5%8F%AB%E9%A9%BE%E5%B4%A9%EF%BC%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%9A%E6%AD%BB%E5%8F%AB%E5%9C%86%E5%AF%82%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%87%E4%BA%BA%E6%AD%BB%E5%8F%AB%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fk.sina.com.cn%2Farticle_6036064462_167c708ce001002y3a.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinapress.com.my/20170914/%E6%A5%8A%E6%AC%A3%E5%84%92%EF%BC%9A%E9%A7%95%E5%B4%A9%E3%80%81%E8%96%A8%E9%80%9D%E3%80%81%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96/">駕崩、薨逝、逝世</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210307003259/http://www.chinapress.com.my/20170914/%E6%A5%8A%E6%AC%A3%E5%84%92%EF%BC%9A%E9%A7%95%E5%B4%A9%E3%80%81%E8%96%A8%E9%80%9D%E3%80%81%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）,楊欣儒</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMullin1999">Mullin 1999</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvnb模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFMullin1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004030535/http://www.shotatdawn.org.uk/">Shot at Dawn, campaign for pardons for British and Commonwealth soldiers executed in World War I</a>. Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2006-07-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shotatdawn.org.uk/">原始内容</a>存档于2006-10-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=Shot+at+Dawn%2C+campaign+for+pardons+for+British+and+Commonwealth+soldiers+executed+in+World+War+I&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Shot+at+Dawn+Pardons+Campaign&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shotatdawn.org.uk%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diamond-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Diamond_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" class="mw-redirect" title="Jared Diamond">Diamond, Jared</a>. Up to the Starting Line. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gunsgermssteelfa00diamrich">Guns, Germs, and Steel</a>. W. W. Norton. 1999: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gunsgermssteelfa00diamrich/page/43">43</a>–44. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-393-31755-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-393-31755-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-393-31755-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.atitle=Up+to+the+Starting+Line&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.btitle=Guns%2C+Germs%2C+and+Steel&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-393-31755-2&rft.pages=43-44&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgunsgermssteelfa00diamrich&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurism.com/science-explained-atoms-last-forever">Science Explained: Do Atoms Last Forever?</a>. Futurism. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-08-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180908085923/https://futurism.com/science-explained-atoms-last-forever/">存档</a>于2018-09-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=Science+Explained%3A+Do+Atoms+Last+Forever%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Futurism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturism.com%2Fscience-explained-atoms-last-forever&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurism.com/the-physics-of-death">The Physics of Death (and What Happens to Your Energy When You Die)</a>. Futurism. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-08-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200709032229/https://futurism.com/the-physics-of-death">存档</a>于2020-07-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.btitle=The+Physics+of+Death+%28and+What+Happens+to+Your+Energy+When+You+Die%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Futurism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffuturism.com%2Fthe-physics-of-death&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBondeson2001" class="citation book">Bondeson, Jan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buriedalive00janb">Buried Alive: the Terrifying History of our Most Primal Fear</a>. W. W. Norton & Company. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-393-04906-X" title="Special:网络书源/0-393-04906-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-393-04906-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.aulast=Bondeson&rft.btitle=Buried+Alive%3A+the+Terrifying+History+of+our+Most+Primal+Fear&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-393-04906-X&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fburiedalive00janb&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMullin2008" class="citation book">Mullin, Glenn H. Living in the Face of Death: The Tibetan Tradition. Ithica, New York: Snow Lion Publications. 2008 [1998]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-55939-310-2" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-55939-310-2"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-55939-310-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&rft.aufirst=Glenn+H.&rft.aulast=Mullin&rft.btitle=Living+in+the+Face+of+Death%3A+The+Tibetan+Tradition&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-55939-310-2&rft.place=Ithica%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Snow+Lion+Publications&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="extiw" title="q:死亡">死亡语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Death" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Death"><span style="font-weight:bold;">死亡</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" class="extiw" title="wikt:死亡">死亡</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="开放式目录">开放目录项目</a>中的“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Society/Death">死亡</a>”</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/death/#2">死亡（斯坦福哲学百科全书）</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080514112148/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/death/#2">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724025816/http://rack1.ul.cs.cmu.edu/is/deathtypes">Causes of Death 1916</a> 医学界怎样将死亡原因分类</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080522070429/http://www.benbest.com/lifeext/causes.html">Causes of Death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elijahwald.com/origin.html">George Wald: The Origin of Death</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080617011901/http://www.elijahwald.com/origin.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）一个生物学家解释不同种类生物的生命与死亡</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201153327/http://www.noch-mal-leben.de/h/home.php?lang=en">Before and After Death</a> 探访死亡于收容所的人们，他们以前的肖像，以及他们的死亡</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsc.org/news_resources/injury_and_death_statistics/Pages/TheOddsofDyingFrom.aspx">Odds of dying from various injuries or accidents</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100706212656/http://www.nsc.org/news_resources/injury_and_death_statistics/Pages/TheOddsofDyingFrom.aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）来源：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="美国国家安全委员会">美国国家安全委员会</a>，2001年</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="死亡及相關主題" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Death_and_related_topics" title="Template:Death and related topics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Death_and_related_topics" title="Template talk:Death and related topics"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Death_and_related_topics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Death and related topics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="死亡及相關主題" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">死亡</a>及相關主題</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">醫學判定</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A7" title="人工流产">堕胎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%97%E5%B1%8D" title="驗屍">屍檢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E6%AD%BB" title="脑死">脑死</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8D%E9%AB%94%E7%97%99%E6%94%A3" title="屍體痙攣">屍體痙攣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="临床死亡">临床死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%89%8D%E5%96%89%E9%B8%A3" title="死前喉鸣">死前喉鸣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%BB%88%E5%85%B3%E6%80%80" title="临终关怀">临终关怀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%90%E6%AD%BB" title="安乐死">安乐死</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E8%B7%AF%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="拉撒路現象">拉撒路現象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%92%92%E8%B7%AF%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E5%BE%81" title="拉撒路综合征">拉撒路综合征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B4%E5%91%BD%E5%88%9B%E4%BC%A4" title="致命创伤">致命创伤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98%E6%8D%90%E8%B4%88" title="器官捐贈">器官捐贈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E7%97%87" title="絕症">絕症</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9D%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="猝死">猝死</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%B8%B8%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="非正常死亡">非正常死亡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:死亡相關列表">死亡相關列表</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E5%8F%8A%E6%89%80%E5%8D%A0%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2002年致死原因及所占比例列表">2002年致死原因及所占比例列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of expressions related to death" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of expressions related to death"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_expressions_related_to_death&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of expressions related to death（页面不存在）">死亡相關表達列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_expressions_related_to_death" class="extiw" title="en:List of expressions related to death"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of expressions related to death</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%81%BD%E5%AE%B3%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="自然災害死亡人數排序列表">自然灾害</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="People by cause of death" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lists of people by cause of death"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=People_by_cause_of_death&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People by cause of death（页面不存在）">意外死亡列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_people_by_cause_of_death" class="extiw" title="en:Lists of people by cause of death"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lists of people by cause of death</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Premature obituaries" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of premature obituaries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Premature_obituaries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Premature obituaries（页面不存在）">誤報訃聞列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_premature_obituaries" class="extiw" title="en:List of premature obituaries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of premature obituaries</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E9%A0%90%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="可預防死亡因子">可預防死因列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E9%80%9D%E4%B8%96%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="歷年逝世人物列表">歷年逝世人物列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="List of unusual deaths" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of unusual deaths"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_unusual_deaths&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of unusual deaths（页面不存在）">非正常死亡列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unusual_deaths" class="extiw" title="en:List of unusual deaths"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of unusual deaths</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拍摄期间死亡电视剧演员列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of television actors who died during production"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%8D%E6%91%84%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%89%A7%E6%BC%94%E5%91%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拍摄期间死亡电视剧演员列表（页面不存在）">拍摄期间死亡电视剧演员列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_actors_who_died_during_production" class="extiw" title="en:List of television actors who died during production"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of television actors who died during production</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">死亡形態</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="儿童死亡率">儿童死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E8%80%81" title="长生不老">长生不老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%B4%E5%84%BF%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="婴儿死亡率">婴儿死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%8B%9E%E6%AD%BB" title="過勞死">過勞死</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="法定死亡">法定死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%95%E4%BA%A7%E5%A6%87%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="孕产妇死亡">母体死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E9%A1%8D%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="超額死亡">超額死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%8E%87" title="死亡率">死亡率</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死亡顯著性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mortality salience"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E9%A1%AF%E8%91%97%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡顯著性（页面不存在）">死亡顯著性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality_salience" class="extiw" title="en:Mortality salience"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mortality salience</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E7%94%A2%E6%9C%9F%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="周產期死亡">新生兒死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="食人">人食人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">死後</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8D%E9%AB%94" title="屍體">屍體</a>腐爛階段</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%BC%E7%99%BD%E5%83%B5%E7%9B%B4" title="蒼白僵直">蒼白僵直</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E5%86%B7" title="尸冷">尸冷</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E5%83%B5" title="尸僵">尸僵</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E6%96%91" title="尸斑">尸斑</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8D%E9%AB%94%E8%85%90%E6%95%97" title="屍體腐敗">屍體腐敗</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="分解作用">分解作用</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E6%9E%B6%E5%8C%96" title="骨架化">骨架化</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%B7%E9%AB%85" title="骷髅">骸骨</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E7%9F%B3" title="化石">化石</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8D%E9%AB%94" title="屍體">屍體</a>处理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%AC" title="土葬">土葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%91%AC" title="水葬">水葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%91%AC" title="海葬">海葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%91%AC" title="火葬">火葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%91%AC" title="天葬">天葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E8%91%AC" title="生态葬">生态葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BE%E9%AA%A8%E8%91%AC" title="拾骨葬">拾骨葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%BE%8C%E5%88%86%E5%A8%A9" title="死後分娩">死後生產</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94%E6%8D%90%E8%B4%88" title="遺體捐贈">遺體捐贈</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="人體冷凍技術">人體冷凍技術</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%B1%8D%E9%AB%94%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" title="人類屍體處理">人類屍體處理</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E9%AB%94%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="遺體保存技術">遺體保存技術</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E4%B9%83%E4%BC%8A" title="木乃伊">木乃伊</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D%E8%91%AC" title="冷凍葬">冷凍葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%91%AC%E6%B3%95" title="水葬法">水焚葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%AC" title="国葬">国葬</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">其他方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%86%E4%B8%96" title="來世">來世</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E4%BD%93%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="尸体现象">尸体现象</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%8B%83%E8%B5%B7" title="死亡勃起">死亡勃起</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%B3%E5%A0%B4" title="墳場">墳場</a></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死后意识" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Consciousness after death"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E5%90%8E%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死后意识（页面不存在）">死后意识</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness_after_death" class="extiw" title="en:Consciousness after death"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Consciousness after death</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%96%AA%E8%91%AC" title="Category:喪葬">喪葬</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%B7" title="死亡面具">死亡面具</a></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="永恆遺忘" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eternal oblivion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B8%E6%81%86%E9%81%BA%E5%BF%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="永恆遺忘（页面不存在）">虛無</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_oblivion" class="extiw" title="en:Eternal oblivion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eternal oblivion</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%98" title="醫學檢驗官">醫學檢驗官</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AC%E7%A4%BC" title="葬礼">葬礼</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E6%85%9F" title="喪慟">喪慟</a></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中間態" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intermediate state"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中間態（页面不存在）">中間態</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_state" class="extiw" title="en:Intermediate state"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intermediate state</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E4%BA%8B" title="喪事">喪事</a></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死者相關禁忌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taboo on the dead"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E8%80%85%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死者相關禁忌（页面不存在）">死者相關禁忌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboo_on_the_dead" class="extiw" title="en:Taboo on the dead"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taboo on the dead</span></a></span>）</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E9%9D%88" title="守靈">守靈</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9B%E9%87%91" title="帛金">帛金</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%84%80" title="吉儀">吉儀</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%83%E5%A2%93" title="掃墓">掃墓</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%A0%E7%A5%AD" title="祠祭">祠祭</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%91%AC" title="国葬">国葬</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">超自然現象</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="瀕死經驗">瀕死經驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%95%E6%AD%BB%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="瀕死研究">瀕死研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E7%B5%82%E7%95%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="臨終異象">臨終異象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E9%AD%82%E8%A1%93" title="招魂術">招魂術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%87%BA%E7%AB%85" title="靈魂出竅">靈魂出竅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E4%B8%96" title="轉世">轉世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E" title="轮回">轮回</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E7%A5%9E%E4%BC%9A" title="降神会">降神会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%96%E5%9B%9E%E6%BA%AF" title="前世回溯">前世回溯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB" title="復活">復活</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">法律相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="堕胎法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Abortion law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A0%95%E8%83%8E%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="堕胎法（页面不存在）">堕胎法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_law" class="extiw" title="en:Abortion law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Abortion law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91" title="死刑">死刑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="死因">死因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98" title="死因裁判官">死因裁判官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E6%A1%88%E9%99%AA%E5%AF%A9%E5%9C%98" title="死刑案陪審團">死刑案陪審團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%AD%89" title="死亡證">死亡證</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%91%8A%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="宣告死亡">宣告死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%88%91%E7%8A%AF" title="死刑犯">死刑犯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%88%E6%AD%BB" title="诈死">诈死</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死因審問" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Inquest"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0%E5%AF%A9%E5%95%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死因審問（页面不存在）">死因審問</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquest" class="extiw" title="en:Inquest"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Inquest</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%80%E6%AE%BA" title="謀殺">謀殺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E6%AC%8A" title="死亡權">死亡權</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E8%A8%97_(%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B)" title="信託 (法律)">信託</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%9B%91" title="遺囑">遺囑</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%BA%8C" title="生命延續">生命延續</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死亡与文化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Death and culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%B8%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡与文化（页面不存在）">死亡与文化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Death and culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Death and culture</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%8C%E8%BE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="忌辰">忌辰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%84%A6%E8%99%91_(%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="死亡焦虑 (心理学)">死亡焦虑</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死囚現象" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Death row phenomenon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%9A%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死囚現象（页面不存在）">死囚現象</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_row_phenomenon" class="extiw" title="en:Death row phenomenon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Death row phenomenon</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死神列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of death deities"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死神列表（页面不存在）">死神列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_death_deities" class="extiw" title="en:List of death deities"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of death deities</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E7%A5%9E" title="死神">死神</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="復活之神" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dying-and-rising god"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB%E4%B9%8B%E7%A5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="復活之神（页面不存在）">復活之神</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dying-and-rising_god" class="extiw" title="en:Dying-and-rising god"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dying-and-rising god</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="靈魂嚮導" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Psychopomp"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%9A%AE%E5%B0%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="靈魂嚮導（页面不存在）">靈魂嚮導</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopomp" class="extiw" title="en:Psychopomp"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Psychopomp</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E7%87%9F" title="滅絕營">滅絕營</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死亡欲力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Death drive"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E6%AC%B2%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡欲力（页面不存在）">死亡欲力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_drive" class="extiw" title="en:Death drive"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Death drive</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%91%E6%AD%BB" title="笑死">笑死</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E9%AA%97%E5%B1%80" title="死亡骗局">死亡骗局</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%B8%A7%E9%92%9F" title="死亡丧钟">死亡丧钟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E8%A1%8C%E8%BB%8D" title="死亡行軍">死亡行軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%BD%BF%E8%80%85" title="死亡使者">死亡使者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="死亡通知">死亡通知</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%91%BD%E8%A9%A9" title="絕命詩">絕命詩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E5%85%89" title="死光">死光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%84%E5%86%B3%E5%B0%8F%E9%98%9F" title="处决小队">处决小队</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%A8%81%E8%83%81" title="死亡威胁">死亡威胁</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="死亡節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Festival of the Dead"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死亡節（页面不存在）">死亡節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_of_the_Dead" class="extiw" title="en:Festival of the Dead"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Festival of the Dead</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%B7%E6%88%80" title="對死亡的迷戀">對死亡的迷戀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%80%E4%BA%BA" title="杀人">杀人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="临终祷告" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Last rites"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E7%B5%82%E7%A6%B1%E5%91%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="臨終禱告">临终祷告</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_rites" class="extiw" title="en:Last rites"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Last rites</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="殉教">殉教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%AF%E8%91%AC%E5%AD%B8" title="殯葬學">殯葬學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="细胞死亡">细胞死亡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%80%E5%B1%8D" title="戀屍">戀屍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%A3%9F" title="捕食">捕食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BA%E7%89%B2" title="牺牲">牺牲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%A5%AD" title="人祭">人祭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E7%A5%AD" title="動物祭">牲祭</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="精神死亡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spiritual death"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="精神死亡（页面不存在）">精神死亡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual_death" class="extiw" title="en:Spiritual death"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spiritual death</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%AE%BA" title="自殺">自殺</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%8A%A9%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80" title="协助自杀">协助自杀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" title="自杀方式">自杀方式</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="死亡教育">死亡教育</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E5%AD%B8" title="死亡學">死亡學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AD%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="生死學">生死學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%AD%BB" title="生死">生死</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="不死生物">不死生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="战争">战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B6%E5%AE%85" title="凶宅">凶宅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%BD%9B%E7%83%88%E5%85%8B%E6%A5%B5%E9%99%90" class="mw-redirect" title="海佛烈克極限">海佛烈克極限</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">Memento mori</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="Category:死亡">分類</a></b></li> <li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="Portal:死亡">死亡</a></b></li> <li><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:死亡专题">專題</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/888613/">FAST</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525535">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119325308">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119325308">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tod"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4060294-1">德国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007543363505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="death"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85036085">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000048910&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="生死"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570389">日本</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="smrt"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116193&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="úmrtí"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph137665&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="사망"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998008993">韩国</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300151836">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/027291">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639416">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/olum">伊斯兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=死亡&oldid=84905643">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=死亡&oldid=84905643</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1" title="Category:死亡">死亡</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:医学">医学</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AD%89%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE" title="Category:引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签">引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%BF%87%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有过时参数的引用的页面">含有过时参数的引用的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2023%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2023年9月需补充来源的条目">自2023年9月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2019%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%BE%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2019年9月需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目">自2019年9月需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%BE%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目">需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%AA%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有多个问题的条目">含有多个问题的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A82%E8%99%9F%E5%8F%83%E6%95%B8%E5%82%B3%E9%81%9EPortal%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用2號參數傳遞Portal模板圖像的頁面">使用2號參數傳遞Portal模板圖像的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%B9%E9%85%8D%E9%A1%B9" title="Category:维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项">维基共享资源分类链接使用了维基数据上的匹配项</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABFAST%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目">包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNE%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLNB%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目">包含LNB标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNLK%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目">包含NLK标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABHDS%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含HDS标识符的维基百科条目">包含HDS标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNARA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABTDV%C4%B0A%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含TDVİA标识符的维基百科条目">包含TDVİA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月9日 (星期六) 14:53。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-786j2","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.063","walltime":"1.289","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6033,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":217617,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":14245,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":53,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90548,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1018.130 1 -total"," 24.46% 249.083 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.46% 238.901 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 19.13% 194.819 3 Template:Ambox"," 15.52% 157.975 1 Template:Human_growth_and_development"," 15.18% 154.592 1 Template:Sidebar"," 10.89% 110.923 2 Template:Navbox"," 10.06% 102.450 1 Template:Death_and_related_topics"," 9.43% 95.974 12 Template:Cite_web"," 9.34% 95.063 1 Template:Expand_language"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.559","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9940761,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAhmad_S,_O\u0026#039;Mahony_MS2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAriès,_Philippe1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauregard2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBondeson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassel_CK,_Demel_B2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChris_Thomas,_Global_Health/Health_Infectious_Diseases_and_Nutrition2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJesse_V_KurlandAlicia_A_CutlerNicole_Dalla_BettaTiffany_Antwine2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirsten_Rabe_Smolensky2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthew_Smith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMullin2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNuland,_Sherwin_B.1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRachel_Sauer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSJ_Olshanksy_et_al.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarnerAndersonAustadBergamini2005\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"-\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 12,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Death and related topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Dmoz\"] = 1,\n [\"En icon\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand language\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"Human growth and development\"] = 1,\n [\"Le\"] = 6,\n [\"Link-en\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Multiple issues\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Refimprove\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"SeeAlso\"] = 1,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 6,\n [\"Wikiquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n [\"主條目\"] = 1,\n [\"参见\"] = 1,\n [\"參見\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-89558","timestamp":"20241124085350","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6b7b\u4ea1","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%A1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-08T13:45:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-09T14:53:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/67\/Retiarius_vs_secutor_from_Borghese_mosaic.jpg","headline":"\u751f\u7269\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u52d5"}</script> </body> </html>