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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Farrell Dobbs</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Farrell_Dobbs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Farrell_Dobbs.png/180px-Farrell_Dobbs.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Farrell_Dobbs.png/270px-Farrell_Dobbs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Farrell_Dobbs.png/360px-Farrell_Dobbs.png 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">National Secretary of the <br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1953–1972</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">James P. Cannon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Barnes_(politician)" title="Jack Barnes (politician)">Jack Barnes</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-07-25</span>)</span>July 25, 1907<br /><a href="/wiki/Queen_City,_Missouri" title="Queen City, Missouri">Queen City, Missouri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 31, 1983<span style="display:none">(1983-10-31)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pinole,_California" title="Pinole, California">Pinole, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Marvel Scholl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Carol E. DeBerry, Mary Lou Montauk, Sharon Lee Finer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Isaac Turl Dobbs, Ora Lenore Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician, <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">trade unionist</a>, historian</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Farrell Dobbs</b> (July 25, 1907 – October 31, 1983) was an American <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">trade unionist</a>, politician, and historian. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dobbs was born in <a href="/wiki/Queen_City,_Missouri" title="Queen City, Missouri">Queen City, Missouri</a>, where his father was a worker in a coal company garage. The family moved to <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis</a>, and he graduated from <a href="/wiki/North_Community_High_School" title="North Community High School">North High School</a> in 1925. In 1926, he left for <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> to find work, but returned the following fall. At this point, young Farrell Dobbs was a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a>, and supported <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> for president in 1928 and 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dobbs's political viewpoints changed during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in the 1930s. Seeing the plight of workers in that situation (including himself), he became politically radicalized to the <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left</a>. </p><p>In 1933, while working for the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Coal_Company" title="Pittsburgh Coal Company">Pittsburgh Coal Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, Dobbs joined the <a href="/wiki/Teamsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Teamsters">Teamsters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After getting to know the three Trotskyist Dunne brothers, (Miles, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_R._Dunne" title="Vincent R. Dunne">Vincent</a> and Grant) and Swedish socialist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Skoglund" title="Carl Skoglund">Carl Skoglund</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_America" title="Communist League of America">Communist League of America</a>. Dobbs was one of the initiators of a <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Teamsters_Strike_of_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934">general strike in Minneapolis</a>, and for a while worked full-time as a union organizer. </p><p>He was influential in the Teamsters' shift from emphasis on local delivery work to over-the-road traffic, which keyed their great expansion towards becoming the largest union in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dobbs quit in 1939 to work for the new <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a> (SWP). Dobbs met the Russian revolutionary leader <a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a> when he visited <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> shortly before Trotsky's death in 1940. </p><p>Dobbs served as mentor and advisor to a young <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa" title="Jimmy Hoffa">Jimmy Hoffa</a>, while Hoffa was making his rise within the Teamsters, eventually becoming its president in 1957. Dobbs primarily inspired Hoffa with his view that the capitalist system was a <a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> struggle, where power, rather than morality, was the primary factor determining the eventual outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For opposing <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he and other leaders of the SWP and the Minneapolis Teamsters were convicted of violating the <a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a>, which made it illegal to "conspire to advocate the violent overthrow of the United States Government". He served over a year of a 16-month sentence in <a href="/wiki/Federal_Correctional_Institution,_Sandstone" title="Federal Correctional Institution, Sandstone">Federal Correctional Institution, Sandstone</a>, from 1944 to 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_candidacy">Presidential candidacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidential candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his release, he became the editor of the SWP's newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Militant" title="The Militant">The Militant</a></i>. From 1948 to 1960 he was the SWP's candidate for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, running in four elections. He succeeded <a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">James P. Cannon</a> as national secretary of the party in 1953, serving until 1972. </p><p>In 1960, Farrell Dobbs and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hansen_(socialist)" title="Joseph Hansen (socialist)">Joseph Hansen</a>, Trotsky's former secretary in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, went to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> to experience the revolutionary movement there. The two American Trotskyists decided to fully support the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> and the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Farrell Dobbs retired in 1972, but remained in the party until his death in 1983. He devoted the later part of his life to historical documentation of the American leftist movement and the Minnesota Teamsters. Dobbs was the author of a four-volume history / memoir of the Minneapolis struggles: <i>Teamster Rebellion</i>, <i>Teamster Power</i>, <i>Teamster Politics</i> and <i>Teamster Bureaucracy</i>. He had completed two volumes of a planned history of the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> movement in the United States at the time of his death, titled: <i>Revolutionary Continuity: The Early Years, 1848-1917</i> and <i>Birth of the Communist Movement, 1918-1922</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Trade Union Problems</i>, New York, Pioneer Publishers, 1941</li> <li><i>The Voice of Socialism: Radio Speeches by The Socialist Workers Party Candidates In The 1948 Election</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Grace_Carlson" title="Grace Carlson">Grace Carlson</a> and James Cannon), New York, Pioneer Publishers, 1948</li> <li><i>Recent Trends In The Labor Movement</i>, New York, National Education Dept., Socialist Workers Party, 1967</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111012914/https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/swp-us/dobbslectures.htm"><i>The Structure And Organizational Principals Of The Party</i></a>, New York, National Education Dept., Socialist Workers Party, 1971</li> <li><i>Teamster Rebellion</i>, New York, <a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathfinder Press">Pathfinder Press</a>, 1972</li> <li><i>Teamster Power</i>, New York, Pathfinder Press, 1973</li> <li><i>Teamster Politics</i>, New York, Pathfinder Press, 1975</li> <li><i>Teamster Bureaucracy</i>, New York, Pathfinder Press, 1977</li> <li><i>Counter-Mobilization: A Strategy To Fight Racist And Fascist Attacks</i>, New York, National Education Dept., Socialist Workers Party, 1976</li> <li><i>Revolutionary Continuity: Marxist Leadership In The U.S.</i>, Vol. 1: <i>The Early Years, 1848–1917</i>, New York, Monad Press, Distributed by Pathfinder Press, 1980</li> <li><i>Revolutionary Continuity: Marxist Leadership In The U.S.</i>, Vol. 2: <i>Birth of the Communist Movement, 1918–1922</i>, New York, Monad Press, Distributed by Pathfinder Press, 1983</li> <li><i>A Political Biography of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a>: The Record Of An Opportunist</i>, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Hansen (page does not exist)">Beatrice Hansen</a>, New York, Pathfinder Press, 1987 <b>2nd ed.</b> (contains Dobbs's essay <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161111012854/https://www.marxists.org/history/etol/document/swp-us/dobbsonreuth.htm"><i>Meany vs. Reuther</i></a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Teamsters_Strike_of_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934">Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurnside2018" class="citation book cs1">Burnside, Gordon (2018). <i>Harold Gibbons: St. Louis Teamsters Leader and Warrior Against Jim Crow</i>. McFarland. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476674933" title="Special:BookSources/9781476674933"><bdi>9781476674933</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Gibbons%3A+St.+Louis+Teamsters+Leader+and+Warrior+Against+Jim+Crow&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781476674933&rft.aulast=Burnside&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarrell+Dobbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWomack2023" class="citation book cs1">Womack, John (2023). <i>Labor Power and Strategy</i>. PM Press. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781629639895" title="Special:BookSources/9781629639895"><bdi>9781629639895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labor+Power+and+Strategy&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=PM+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781629639895&rft.aulast=Womack&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFarrell+Dobbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Kennedys: An American Drama</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Collier_(political_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Collier (political author)">Peter Collier (political author)</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">David Horowitz</a>, Summit Books, 1984, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-44793-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-44793-9">0-671-44793-9</a>, p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Kennedys: An American Drama</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Collier_(political_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Collier (political author)">Peter Collier (political author)</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">David Horowitz</a>, Summit Books, 1984, New York, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-44793-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-44793-9">0-671-44793-9</a>, p. 221</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farrell_Dobbs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themilitant.com">The Militant, the newspaper of the Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pathfinderpress.com">Pathfinder Books, the bookstore of the Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://struggle.net/ALC/TWITTU.htm">Trotskyist Work in the Trade Unions, by Chris Knox</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516225629/http://struggle.net/ALC/TWITTU.htm">Archived</a> 2007-05-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a> nominee for <br /> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1948_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 U.S. presidential election">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/1952_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1952 U.S. presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1956 U.S. presidential election">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1960_U.S._presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1960 U.S. presidential election">1960</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">Clifton DeBerry</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1944)_1948_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1952)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1948 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1944)_1948_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1952)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">← 1944</a>) <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">→ 1952</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman_1948_presidential_campaign" title="Harry S. Truman 1948 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Harley_M._Kilgore" title="Harley M. Kilgore">Harley M. Kilgore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention" title="1948 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_E._Hitchcock" title="Herbert E. Hitchcock">Herbert E. Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Joseph W. Martin Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Edward Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Leverett Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Arthur Vandenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF9955;"><b><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States' Rights Democratic Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat#1948_presidential_election" title="Dixiecrat">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Fielding_L._Wright" title="Fielding L. Wright">Fielding L. Wright</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Watson" title="Claude A. Watson">Claude A. Watson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dale_H._Learn" title="Dale H. Learn">Dale H. Learn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Glen_H._Taylor" title="Glen H. Taylor">Glen H. Taylor</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Norman Thomas</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tucker_P._Smith" title="Tucker P. Smith">Tucker P. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Grace_Carlson" title="Grace Carlson">Grace Carlson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1948 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1948 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1948 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1948)_1952_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1956)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1952 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1948)_1952_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1956)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">← 1948</a>) <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">→ 1956</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Riley_A._Bender" title="Riley A. Bender">Riley A. Bender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Mickelson" title="George T. Mickelson">George T. Mickelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Alben W. Barkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Paul A. Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Kerr" title="Robert S. Kerr">Robert S. Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Richard Russell Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hamblen" title="Stuart Hamblen">Stuart Hamblen </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick" title="Enoch A. Holtwick">Enoch A. Holtwick</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #5FD170;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Hallinan" title="Vincent Hallinan">Vincent Hallinan</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charlotta_Bass" title="Charlotta Bass">Charlotta Bass</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Darlington Hoopes</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Samuel H. Friedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_Longstreet_Bodin" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Longstreet Bodin">Edward Longstreet Bodin</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Krajewski" title="Henry B. Krajewski">Henry B. Krajewski</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Homer_Aubrey_Tomlinson" title="Homer Aubrey Tomlinson">Homer Aubrey Tomlinson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1952 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1952 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1952 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1952)_1956_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1960)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1956 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1956 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1956 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1952)_1956_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1960)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">← 1952</a>) <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">→ 1960</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention" title="1956 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></b></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Estes Kefauver</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_S._Battle" title="John S. Battle">John S. Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Chandler" title="Happy Chandler">Happy Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Davis" title="James C. Davis">James C. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Averell_Harriman" title="W. Averell Harriman">W. Averell Harriman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lausche" title="Frank Lausche">Frank Lausche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bell_Timmerman_Jr." title="George Bell Timmerman Jr.">George Bell Timmerman Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_M._Shelton" title="Herbert M. Shelton">Herbert M. Shelton</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Symon_Gould" title="Symon Gould">Symon Gould</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Enoch_A._Holtwick" title="Enoch A. Holtwick">Enoch A. Holtwick </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Holdridge" title="Herbert C. Holdridge">Herbert C. Holdridge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Cozzini" title="Georgia Cozzini">Georgia Cozzini</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Darlington Hoopes</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Samuel H. Friedman</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/T._Coleman_Andrews" title="T. Coleman Andrews">T. Coleman Andrews</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gerald_L._K._Smith" title="Gerald L. K. Smith">Gerald L. K. Smith</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1956 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1956 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1956 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1956)_1960_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1964)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1960 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1960 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1960 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1956)_1960_United_States_presidential_election_(→_1964)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">← 1956</a>) <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">→ 1964</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_1960_presidential_campaign" title="John F. Kennedy 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ross_Barnett" title="Ross Barnett">Ross Barnett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_DiSalle" title="Michael DiSalle">Michael DiSalle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_C._Fisher" title="Paul C. Fisher">Paul C. Fisher</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_H._McLain" title="George H. McLain">George H. McLain</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Meyner" title="Robert B. Meyner">Robert B. Meyner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Morse" title="Wayne Morse">Wayne Morse</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Porter" title="Albert S. Porter">Albert S. Porter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Smathers" title="George Smathers">George Smathers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Symington" title="Stuart Symington">Stuart Symington</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/James_M._Lloyd" title="James M. Lloyd">James M. Lloyd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Symon_Gould" title="Symon Gould">Symon Gould</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F5BCA9;"><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Orval_Faubus" title="Orval Faubus">Orval Faubus</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/J._B._Stoner" title="J. B. Stoner">J. B. Stoner</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Decker" title="Rutherford Decker">Rutherford Decker</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Labor Party">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hass" title="Eric Hass">Eric Hass</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Cozzini" title="Georgia Cozzini">Georgia Cozzini</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Farrell Dobbs</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Myra Tanner Weiss</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_F._Byrd" title="Harry F. Byrd">Harry F. Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merritt_B._Curtis" title="Merritt B. Curtis">Merritt B. Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lar_Daly" class="mw-redirect" title="Lar Daly">Lar Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lincoln_Rockwell" title="George Lincoln Rockwell">George Lincoln Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Sullivan" title="Charles L. Sullivan">Charles L. Sullivan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other 1960 elections: <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1960 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1960 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialist_Workers_Party" title="Template:Socialist Workers Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialist_Workers_Party" title="Template talk:Socialist Workers Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist_Workers_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist Workers Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party (United States)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">James P. Cannon</a> (1938–1953)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Farrell Dobbs</a> (1953–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Barnes_(politician)" title="Jack Barnes (politician)">Jack Barnes</a> (1972–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential tickets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dobbs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Grace_Carlson" title="Grace Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dobbs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dobbs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dobbs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Myra_Tanner_Weiss" title="Myra Tanner Weiss">Weiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">DeBerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ed_Shaw_(activist)" title="Ed Shaw (activist)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Halstead" title="Fred Halstead">Halstead</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paul_Boutelle" title="Paul Boutelle">Boutelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linda_Jenness" title="Linda Jenness">Jenness</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Pulley</a>+<a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Reed" title="Evelyn Reed">Reed</a>/<a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">DeBerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Camejo" title="Peter Camejo">Camejo</a>/<a href="/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Clifton_DeBerry" title="Clifton DeBerry">DeBerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matilde_Zimmermann" title="Matilde Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a>+<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Pulley</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matilde_Zimmermann" title="Matilde Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a>+<a href="/wiki/Richard_Congress" title="Richard Congress">Congress</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matilde_Zimmermann" title="Matilde Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_T._Mason" title="Melvin T. Mason">Mason</a>/<a href="/wiki/Matilde_Zimmermann" title="Matilde Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">Warren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Mickells" title="Kathleen Mickells">Mickells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">Warren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laura_Garza" title="Laura Garza">Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trowe" title="Margaret Trowe">Trowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Calero</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arrin_Hawkins" title="Arrin Hawkins">Hawkins</a>+<a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trowe" title="Margaret Trowe">Trowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Calero</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Kennedy</a>+<a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Maura_DeLuca" title="Maura DeLuca">DeLuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Osborne_Hart" title="Osborne Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_Jarrett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm Jarrett (page does not exist)">Jarrett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties by state<br />and territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Socialist Workers Party of the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">History of the socialist movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathfinder_tendency" title="Pathfinder tendency">Pathfinder tendency</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Militant" title="The Militant">The Militant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385878#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385878#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385878#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1247782948">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50025568">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12123160w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12123160w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074697528">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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