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<span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Laboratory_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laboratory_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Laboratory preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laboratory_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_an_acid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_an_acid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>As an acid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_an_acid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Perchloric acid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloorsuur" title="Perchloorsuur – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Perchloorsuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B6_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83" title="حمض البيركلوريك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمض البيركلوريك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="پرکولوریک اسید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرکولوریک اسید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="পারক্লোরিক অ্যাসিড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পারক্লোরিক অ্যাসিড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хлорная кіслата – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хлорная кіслата" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlorna_kiselina" title="Perhlorna kiselina – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Perhlorna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cid_percl%C3%B2ric" title="Àcid perclòric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àcid perclòric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B9%D3%B3%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95" title="Хлор йӳçекĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хлор йӳçекĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyselina chloristá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_perclorig" title="Asid perclorig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Asid perclorig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorsyre" title="Perklorsyre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perklorsyre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchlors%C3%A4ure" title="Perchlorsäure – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Perchlorsäure" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkloorhape" title="Perkloorhape – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Perkloorhape" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BB%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BF%CE%BE%CF%8D" title="Υπερχλωρικό οξύ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπερχλωρικό οξύ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_percl%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido perclórico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ácido perclórico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorata_acido" title="Perklorata acido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perklorata acido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azido_perkloriko" title="Azido perkloriko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azido perkloriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="پرکلریک اسید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرکلریک اسید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acide_perchlorique" title="Acide perchlorique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acide perchlorique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aig%C3%A9ad_s%C3%A1rchl%C3%B3rach" title="Aigéad sárchlórach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aigéad sárchlórach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EC%97%BC%EC%86%8C%EC%82%B0" title="과염소산 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과염소산" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="परक्लोरिक अम्ल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परक्लोरिक अम्ल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorna_kiselina" title="Perklorna kiselina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Perklorna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asam_perklorat" title="Asam perklorat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asam perklorat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acido_perclorico" title="Acido perclorico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acido perclorico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חומצה על-כלורית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומצה על-כלורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80_%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Хлор қышқылдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хлор қышқылдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlorsk%C4%81be" title="Perhlorskābe – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Perhlorskābe" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkl%C3%B3rsav" title="Perklórsav – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perklórsav" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Перхлорна киселина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Перхлорна киселина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2" title="परक्लोरिक आम्ल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="परक्लोरिक आम्ल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asid_perklorik" title="Asid perklorik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asid perklorik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterstofperchloraat" title="Waterstofperchloraat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterstofperchloraat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E5%A1%A9%E7%B4%A0%E9%85%B8" title="過塩素酸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="過塩素酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perklorsyre" title="Perklorsyre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Perklorsyre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perxlorat_kislota" title="Perxlorat kislota – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Perxlorat kislota" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwas_nadchlorowy" title="Kwas nadchlorowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwas nadchlorowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_percl%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido perclórico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ácido perclórico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_percloric" title="Acid percloric – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acid percloric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Хлорная кислота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлорная кислота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloric_acid" title="Perchloric acid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perchloric acid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyselina chloristá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Перхлорна киселина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Перхлорна киселина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perhlorna_kiselina" title="Perhlorna kiselina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Perhlorna kiselina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" 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td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Perchloric acid </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Perchloric acid Hydroxidotrioxidochlorine"><img alt="Perchloric acid Hydroxidotrioxidochlorine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png/110px-Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png/165px-Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png/220px-Perchloric-acid-2D-dimensions.png 2x" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Perchloric acid<br />Hydroxidotrioxidochlorine</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Perchloric acid ydroxidotrioxidochlorine"><img alt="Perchloric acid ydroxidotrioxidochlorine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png/110px-Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png/165px-Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png/220px-Perchloric-acid-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Perchloric acid<br />ydroxidotrioxidochlorine</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg/220px-Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg/330px-Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg/440px-Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature#Systematic_name" title="Chemical nomenclature">Systematic IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">Perchloric acid</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Hyperchloric acid<sup id="cite_ref-Fomon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fomon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7601-90-3">7601-90-3</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%5BCl%2B3%5D%28%5BO-%5D%29%28%5BO-%5D%29%5BO-%5D">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=29221">CHEBI:29221</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1161634">ChEMBL1161634</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.22669.html">22669</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.648">100.028.648</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193956#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number"><span title="European Community number (chemical identifier)">EC Number</span></a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>231-512-4</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24247">24247</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>SC7500000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/V561V90BG2">V561V90BG2</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/UN_number" title="UN number">UN number</a> </td> <td>1873 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID8047004">DTXSID8047004</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193956#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/ClHO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h(H,2,3,4,5)</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYAD</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O[Cl+3]([O-])([O-])[O-]</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td>HClO<sub>4</sub>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>100.46 g/mol    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>colorless liquid </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">Odor</a> </td> <td>odorless </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>1.768 g/cm<sup>3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>−17 °C (1 °F; 256 K) (<i>72% aqueous solution</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-msds2008_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msds2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />−112 °C (<i>anhydrous</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> </td> <td>203 °C (397 °F; 476 K) (<i>azeotrope</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-msds2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msds2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td>Miscible </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant">Acidity</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) </td> <td>−15.2 (±2.0);<sup id="cite_ref-Trummal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trummal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ≈ −10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Conjugate_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjugate base">Conjugate base</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">Perchlorate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><b><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></b> (OHS/OSH): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main hazards</div> </td> <td>Powerful oxidizer, highly corrosive </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals"><b>GHS</b> labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS03: Oxidizing"><img alt="GHS03: Oxidizing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-acid.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS05: Corrosive"><img alt="GHS05: Corrosive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GHS-pictogram-acid.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-acid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS07: Exclamation mark"><img alt="GHS07: Exclamation mark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS08: Health hazard"><img alt="GHS08: Health hazard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td><b>Danger</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H271: May cause fire or explosion: strong oxidizer">H271</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H290: May be corrosive to metals">H290</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H302: Harmful if swallowed">H302</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage">H314</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure">H373</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P210: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking.">P210</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.">P280</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P303+P361+P353: IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water [or shower].">P303+P361+P353</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P304+P340: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.">P304+P340</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P305+P351+P338: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.">P305+P351+P338</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P310: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.">P310</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P371: In case of major fire and large quantities:">P371</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P375: Fight fire remotely due to the risk of explosion.">P375</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P380: Evacuate area.">P380</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704"><b>NFPA 704</b></a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_77e09a46cdc50f95" /></span><map name="ImageMap_77e09a46cdc50f95"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" title="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxide" title="Instability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxide" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate" title="Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas" class="notheme mw-no-invert">3</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" class="notheme mw-no-invert">0</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxide" class="notheme mw-no-invert">3</span></a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-text mw-no-invert"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" title="NFPA 704"><span class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors" title="Special hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate">OX</span></a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>Non-flammable </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1006.htm">ICSC 1006</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related compounds</div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">Hydrochloric acid</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">Hypochlorous acid</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorous_acid" title="Chlorous acid">Chlorous acid</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid">Chloric acid</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=476995749&page2=Perchloric+acid">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Perchloric acid</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mineral_acid" title="Mineral acid">mineral acid</a> with the formula <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a><sub>4</sub>. It is an <a href="/wiki/Oxoacid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxoacid">oxoacid</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a>. Usually found as an aqueous solution, this colorless compound is a stronger acid than <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a>. It is a powerful <a href="/wiki/Oxidizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidizer">oxidizer</a> when hot, but <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solutions</a> up to approximately 70% by weight at room temperature are generally safe, only showing strong acid features and no oxidizing properties. Perchloric acid is useful for preparing <a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">perchlorate</a> salts, especially <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate" title="Ammonium perchlorate">ammonium perchlorate</a>, an important <a href="/wiki/Rocket_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket fuel">rocket fuel</a> component. Perchloric acid is dangerously corrosive and readily forms potentially explosive mixtures.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perchloric acid was first synthesized (together with <a href="/wiki/Potassium_perchlorate" title="Potassium perchlorate">potassium perchlorate</a>) by Austrian chemist <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Stadion" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich von Stadion">Friedrich von Stadion</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_von_Stadion" class="extiw" title="de:Friedrich von Stadion">de</a>]</span> and called "oxygenated <a href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid">chloric acid</a>" in mid-1810s. French pharmacist <a href="/wiki/Georges-Simon_Serullas" title="Georges-Simon Serullas">Georges-Simon Serullas</a> introduced the modern designation along with discovering its solid monohydrate (which he, however, mistook for an anhydride).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perchloric acid is produced industrially by two routes. The traditional method exploits the high aqueous solubility of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_perchlorate" title="Sodium perchlorate">sodium perchlorate</a> (209 g/100 ml of water at room temperature). Treatment of such solutions with <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a> gives perchloric acid, precipitating solid sodium chloride: </p> <dl><dd>NaClO<sub>4</sub> + HCl → NaCl + HClO<sub>4</sub></dd></dl> <p>The concentrated acid can be purified by <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">distillation</a>. The alternative route, which is more direct and avoids salts, entails anodic oxidation of aqueous chlorine at a platinum electrode.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laboratory_preparations">Laboratory preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Laboratory preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It can be distilled from a solution of potassium perchlorate in sulfuric acid.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment of <a href="/wiki/Barium_perchlorate" title="Barium perchlorate">barium perchlorate</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a> precipitates <a href="/wiki/Barium_sulfate" title="Barium sulfate">barium sulfate</a>, leaving perchloric acid. It can also be made by mixing <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate" title="Ammonium perchlorate">ammonium perchlorate</a> and boiling while adding hydrochloric acid. The reaction gives <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a> and perchloric acid due to a concurrent reaction involving the <a href="/wiki/Ammonium" title="Ammonium">ammonium</a> ion and can be concentrated and purified significantly by boiling off the remaining nitric and hydrochloric acids. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anhydrous perchloric acid is an unstable oily liquid at room temperature. It forms at least five <a href="/wiki/Water_of_crystallization" title="Water of crystallization">hydrates</a>, several of which have been characterized <a href="/wiki/X-ray_crystallography" title="X-ray crystallography">crystallographically</a>. These solids consist of the <a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">perchlorate</a> anion linked via <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bond" title="Hydrogen bond">hydrogen bonds</a> to H<sub>2</sub>O and <a href="/wiki/Hydronium" title="Hydronium">H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup></a> centers.<sup id="cite_ref-Almlöf_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Almlöf-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example is <a href="/wiki/Hydronium_perchlorate" title="Hydronium perchlorate">hydronium perchlorate</a>. Perchloric acid forms an <a href="/wiki/Azeotrope" title="Azeotrope">azeotrope</a> with water, consisting of about 72.5% perchloric acid. This form of the acid is stable indefinitely and is commercially available. Such solutions are <a href="/wiki/Hygroscopy" title="Hygroscopy">hygroscopic</a>. Thus, if left open to the air, concentrated perchloric acid dilutes itself by absorbing water from the air. </p><p>Dehydration of perchloric acid gives the anhydride <a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_heptoxide" title="Dichlorine heptoxide">dichlorine heptoxide</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Holl_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holl-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>2 HClO<sub>4</sub> + <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_pentoxide" title="Phosphorus pentoxide">P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></a> → Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>11</sub></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perchloric acid is mainly produced as a precursor to <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate" title="Ammonium perchlorate">ammonium perchlorate</a>, which is used in rocket fuel. The growth in rocketry has led to increased production of perchloric acid. Several million kilograms are produced annually.<sup id="cite_ref-Ullmann_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perchloric acid is one of the most proven materials for <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal_displays" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid crystal displays">liquid crystal displays</a> and critical electronics applications as well as ore extraction and has unique properties in analytical chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally it is a useful component in etching of chrome.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_an_acid">As an acid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As an acid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perchloric acid, a <a href="/wiki/Superacid" title="Superacid">superacid</a>, is one of the strongest <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsted%E2%80%93Lowry_acid%E2%80%93base_theory" title="Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory">Brønsted–Lowry acids</a>. That its <a href="/wiki/PKa" class="mw-redirect" title="PKa">p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub></a> is lower than −9 is evidenced by the fact that its <a href="/wiki/Hydronium_perchlorate" title="Hydronium perchlorate">monohydrate</a> contains discrete <a href="/wiki/Hydronium" title="Hydronium">hydronium ions</a> and can be isolated as a stable, crystalline solid, formulated as [H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>][<span class="chemf nowrap">ClO<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">–</sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">4</sub></span></span></span>].<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_Press_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC_Press-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent estimate of its aqueous p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="2998848000000000000♠"></span>−15.2<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>2.0</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trummal_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trummal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It provides strong acidity with minimal interference because perchlorate is weakly <a href="/wiki/Nucleophile" title="Nucleophile">nucleophilic</a> (explaining the high acidity of HClO<sub>4</sub>). Other acids of <a href="/wiki/Noncoordinating_anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Noncoordinating anion">noncoordinating anions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Fluoroboric_acid" title="Fluoroboric acid">fluoroboric acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hexafluorophosphoric_acid" title="Hexafluorophosphoric acid">hexafluorophosphoric acid</a> are susceptible to hydrolysis, whereas perchloric acid is not. Despite hazards associated with the explosiveness of its salts, the acid is often preferred in certain syntheses.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For similar reasons, it is a useful <a href="/wiki/Elution" title="Elution">eluent</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ion-exchange_chromatography" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion-exchange chromatography">ion-exchange chromatography</a>. It is also used in <a href="/wiki/Electropolishing" title="Electropolishing">electropolishing</a> or the etching of aluminium, molybdenum, and other metals. </p><p>In geochemistry, perchloric acid aids in the digestion of silicate mineral samples for analysis, and also for complete digestion of organic matter.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given its strong <a href="/wiki/Redox" title="Redox">oxidizing</a> properties, perchloric acid is subject to extensive regulations as it can react violently with metals and flammable substances such as wood, plastics, and oils.<sup id="cite_ref-Data_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Data-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work conducted with perchloric acid must be conducted in fume hoods with a wash-down capability to prevent accumulation of oxidisers in the ductwork. </p><p>On February 20, 1947 in Los Angeles, California, 17 people were killed and 150 injured in the <a href="/wiki/O%27Connor_Plating_Works_disaster" title="O'Connor Plating Works disaster">O'Connor Plating Works disaster</a>. A bath, consisting of over 1000 litres of 75% perchloric acid and 35% <a href="/wiki/Acetic_anhydride" title="Acetic anhydride">acetic anhydride</a> by volume which was being used to <a href="/wiki/Electropolishing" title="Electropolishing">electro-polish</a> aluminium furniture, exploded. Organic compounds were added to the overheating bath when an iron rack was replaced with one coated with cellulose acetobutyrate (<a href="/wiki/Tenite" title="Tenite">Tenit-2</a> plastic). A few minutes later the bath exploded.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The O'Connor Electro-Plating plant, 25 other buildings, and 40 automobiles were destroyed, and 250 nearby homes were damaged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid">Chloric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxidizing_acid" title="Oxidizing acid">Oxidizing acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal_perchlorate_complexes" title="Transition metal perchlorate complexes">Transition metal perchlorate complexes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fomon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fomon_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFomon1920" class="citation book cs1">Fomon, S. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v8E0AQAAMAAJ"><i>Medicine and the Allied Sciences</i></a>. D. Appleton. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+and+the+Allied+Sciences&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=D.+Appleton&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Fomon&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv8E0AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerchloric+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msds2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msds2008_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msds2008_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080702194644/http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/PE/perchloric_acid.html">"Safety (MSDS) data for perchloric acid, 70%"</a>. <i>msds.chem.ox.ac.uk</i>. 2 July 2008. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msds.chem.ox.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Safety+%28MSDS%29+data+for+perchloric+acid%2C+70%25&rft.date=2008-07-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsds.chem.ox.ac.uk%2FPE%2Fperchloric_acid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerchloric+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trummal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trummal_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trummal_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrummalLippingKaljurandKoppel2016" class="citation journal cs1">Trummal, Aleksander; Lipping, Lauri; Kaljurand, Ivari; Koppel, Ilmar A.; Leito, Ivo (6 May 2016). "Acidity of Strong Acids in Water and Dimethyl Sulfoxide". <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry A</i>. <b>120</b> (20). American Chemical Society (ACS): 3663–3669. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPCA..120.3663T">2016JPCA..120.3663T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jpca.6b02253">10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02253</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1089-5639">1089-5639</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27115918">27115918</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:29697201">29697201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Physical+Chemistry+A&rft.atitle=Acidity+of+Strong+Acids+in+Water+and+Dimethyl+Sulfoxide&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=3663-3669&rft.date=2016-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A29697201%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016JPCA..120.3663T&rft.issn=1089-5639&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jpca.6b02253&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27115918&rft.aulast=Trummal&rft.aufirst=Aleksander&rft.au=Lipping%2C+Lauri&rft.au=Kaljurand%2C+Ivari&rft.au=Koppel%2C+Ilmar+A.&rft.au=Leito%2C+Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerchloric+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehs.msu.edu/lab-clinic/chem/perchloric.html#:~:text=Perchloric%20acid%20is%20a%20strong,as%20both%20are%20strong%20oxidants.">"Perchloric Acid | Environmental Health & Safety | Michigan State University"</a>. <i>ehs.msu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ehs.msu.edu&rft.atitle=Perchloric+Acid+%7C+Environmental+Health+%26+Safety+%7C+Michigan+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehs.msu.edu%2Flab-clinic%2Fchem%2Fperchloric.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPerchloric%2520acid%2520is%2520a%2520strong%2Cas%2520both%2520are%2520strong%2520oxidants.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerchloric+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchilt1979" class="citation book cs1">Schilt, Alfred A. (1979). <i>Perchloric acid and perchlorates</i>. The G. Frederick Smith Chemical Company. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perchloric+acid+and+perchlorates&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=The+G.+Frederick+Smith+Chemical+Company&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Schilt&rft.aufirst=Alfred+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerchloric+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ullmann-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ullmann_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine Oxygen Acids" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a06_483">10.1002/14356007.a06_483</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMülerJönck1963" class="citation journal cs1">Müler, W.; Jönck, P. (1963). 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March 3, 1947.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CALIFORNIA%3A+The+Amazing+Brew&rft.date=1947-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C854621%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APerchloric+acid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perchloric_acid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1006.htm">International Chemical Safety Card 1006</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Template:Hydrogen compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Template talk:Hydrogen compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrogen compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrogen_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_compounds" title="Hydrogen compounds">Hydrogen compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenous_acid" title="Arsenous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>AsO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_acid" title="Arsenic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>AsO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohydride" title="Argon fluorohydride">HArF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_astatide" title="Hydrogen astatide">HAt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorosulfuric_acid" title="Fluorosulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HSO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>F</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroboric_acid" title="Fluoroboric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H[BF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>]</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide" title="Hydrogen bromide">HBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypobromous_acid" title="Hypobromous acid">HBrO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromous_acid" title="Bromous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HBrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromic_acid" title="Bromic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HBrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perbromic_acid" title="Perbromic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HBrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">HClO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorous_acid" title="Chlorous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="chemf nowrap">HClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">HCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminic_acid" title="Fulminic acid">HCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CrO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span>/<span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Cr<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocarbonic_acid" title="Thiocarbonic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>CS<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">HF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypofluorous_acid" title="Hypofluorous acid">HFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide" title="Hydrogen iodide">HI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoiodous_acid" title="Hypoiodous acid">HIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodous_acid" title="Iodous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HIO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodic_acid" title="Iodic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HIO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_acid" title="Periodic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HIO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanganic_acid" title="Permanganic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HMnO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>MnO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdic_acid" title="Molybdic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>MoO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">HNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate"><span class="chemf nowrap">NaHCO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">HNCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">HNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyponitrous_acid" title="Hyponitrous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>N<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosylsulfuric_acid" title="Nitrosylsulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">HNO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>S</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamic_acid" title="Sulfamic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>NSO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trioxidane" title="Trioxidane"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraoxidane" title="Tetraoxidane"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaoxidane" title="Pentaoxidane"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypophosphorous_acid" title="Hypophosphorous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>PO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorous_acid" title="Phosphorous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>PO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>PO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophosphoric_acid" title="Pyrophosphoric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>P<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphosphoric_acid" title="Triphosphoric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub>P<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">10</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroplatinic_acid" title="Chloroplatinic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[PtCl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>]</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_disulfide" title="Hydrogen disulfide"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_selenide" title="Hydrogen selenide"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Se</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenous_acid" title="Selenous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>SeO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenic_acid" title="Selenic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>SeO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicic_acid" title="Silicic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>SiO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexafluorosilicic_acid" title="Hexafluorosilicic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>[SiF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>]</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">HSCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Isothiocyanic acid">HNCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfurous_acid" title="Sulfurous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxymonosulfuric_acid" title="Peroxymonosulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">5</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfuric_acid" title="Thiosulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_oxide" title="Trihydrogen oxide"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>O</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dithionic_acid" title="Dithionic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfuric_acid" title="Disulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxydisulfuric_acid" title="Peroxydisulfuric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>S<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">8</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflic_acid" title="Triflic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">CF<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>SO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>H</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_telluride" title="Hydrogen telluride"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Te</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurous_acid" title="Tellurous acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>TeO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluric_acid" title="Telluric acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub>TeO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">6</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_acid" title="Titanic acid"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>TiO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_hydride" title="Polonium hydride"><span class="chemf nowrap">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>Po</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_tetracarbonyl_hydride" title="Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride"><span class="chemf nowrap">H[Co(CO)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>]</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_perchlorate_ion" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Perchlorates" title="Template:Perchlorates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Perchlorates" title="Template talk:Perchlorates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Perchlorates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Perchlorates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Salts_and_covalent_derivatives_of_the_perchlorate_ion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Salts and covalent derivatives of the <a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">perchlorate</a> ion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithium_perchlorate" title="Lithium perchlorate">LiClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beryllium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beryllium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Be(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perchloratoborate" title="Perchloratoborate">B(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boron_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boron perchlorate (page does not exist)">B(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">ROClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrogen_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrogen perchlorate (page does not exist)">N(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate" title="Ammonium perchlorate">NH<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitrosyl_perchlorate" title="Nitrosyl perchlorate">NOClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nitronium_perchlorate" title="Nitronium perchlorate">NO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hydronium_perchlorate" title="Hydronium perchlorate">H<sub class="template-chem2-sub">3</sub>OClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine_perchlorate" title="Fluorine perchlorate">FClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub></a></span> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_perchlorate" title="Sodium perchlorate">NaClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_perchlorate" title="Magnesium perchlorate">Mg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aluminium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Al(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetraperchloratoaluminate" title="Tetraperchloratoaluminate">Al(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentaperchloratoaluminate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentaperchloratoaluminate (page does not exist)">Al(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>2−</span><span>5</span></span></a></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hexaperchloratoaluminate" title="Hexaperchloratoaluminate">Al(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>3−</span><span>6</span></span></a></span> </td> <td>Si </td> <td>P </td> <td>S </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perchlorate" title="Perchlorate">ClO<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_perchlorate" title="Chlorine perchlorate">ClOClO<sub>3</sub></a><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dichlorine_heptoxide" title="Dichlorine heptoxide">Cl<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub>O<sub class="template-chem2-sub">7</sub></a></span> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_perchlorate" title="Potassium perchlorate">KClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_perchlorate" title="Calcium perchlorate">Ca(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandium_perchlorate" title="Scandium perchlorate">Sc(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanium_perchlorate" title="Titanium perchlorate">Ti(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadyl_perchlorate" title="Vanadyl perchlorate">VO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br />VO<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chromium(III)_perchlorate" title="Chromium(III) perchlorate">Cr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_perchlorate" title="Manganese(II) perchlorate">Mn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_perchlorate" title="Iron(II) perchlorate">Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iron(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iron(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Fe(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_perchlorate" title="Cobalt(II) perchlorate">Co(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Co(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_perchlorate" title="Nickel(II) perchlorate">Ni(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_perchlorate" title="Copper(II) perchlorate">Cu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_perchlorate" title="Zinc perchlorate">Zn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Ga(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>As </td> <td>Se </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bromine_perchlorate" title="Bromine perchlorate">BrOClO<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_perchlorate" title="Rubidium perchlorate">RbClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_perchlorate" title="Strontium perchlorate">Sr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yttrium_perchlorate" title="Yttrium perchlorate">Y(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zirconium_perchlorate" title="Zirconium perchlorate">Zr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niobium_perchlorate" title="Niobium perchlorate">Nb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybdenum_dioxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdenum dioxide perchlorate (page does not exist)">MoO<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhodium(III)_perchlorate" title="Rhodium(III) perchlorate">Rh(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palladium(II)_perchlorate" title="Palladium(II) perchlorate">Pd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_perchlorate" title="Silver perchlorate">AgClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadmium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadmium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Cd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indium_perchlorate" title="Indium perchlorate">In(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tin_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tin perchlorate (page does not exist)">Sn(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimony(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimony(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Sb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telluryl_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telluryl perchlorate (page does not exist)">TeO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodine(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodine(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">I(OClO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenon(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenon(II) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Xe(OClO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_perchlorate" title="Caesium perchlorate">CsClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_perchlorate" title="Barium perchlorate">Ba(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Lu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hafnium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hafnium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Hf(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum perchlorate (page does not exist)">Ta(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>5</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum_oxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum oxide perchlorate (page does not exist)">TaO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantalum_dioxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantalum dioxide perchlorate (page does not exist)">TaO<sub>2</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungsten_oxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungsten oxide perchlorate (page does not exist)">WO(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenium_trioxide_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenium trioxide perchlorate (page does not exist)">ReO<sub>3</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Os </td> <td>Ir </td> <td>Pt </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chloryl_tetraperchloratoaurate" title="Chloryl tetraperchloratoaurate">Au(ClO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">4</sub>)<span class="template-chem2-su"><span>−</span><span>4</span></span></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury(I)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercury(I) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Hg<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury(II)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercury(II) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Hg(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium(I)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium(I) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Tl(ClO<sub>4</sub>)</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thallium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thallium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Tl(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead(II)_perchlorate" title="Lead(II) perchlorate">Pb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bismuth(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bismuth(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Bi(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Po </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francium perchlorate (page does not exist)">FrClO<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Ra </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanthanum(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">La(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Ce(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub><i>x</i></sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_perchlorate" title="Praseodymium(III) perchlorate">Pr(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_perchlorate" title="Neodymium(III) perchlorate">Nd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td>Pm </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Samarium(III)_perchlorate" title="Samarium(III) perchlorate">Sm(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Eu(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium(III)_perchlorate" title="Gadolinium(III) perchlorate">Gd(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terbium(III)_perchlorate" title="Terbium(III) perchlorate">Tb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Dy(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Ho(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Er(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium(III)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulium(III) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Tm(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ytterbium perchlorate (page does not exist)">Yb(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td>Ac </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorium(IV)_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorium(IV) perchlorate (page does not exist)">Th(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>Pa </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranyl_perchlorate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uranyl perchlorate (page does not exist)">UO<sub>2</sub>(ClO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>Np </td> <td>Pu </td> <td>Am </td> <td>Cm </td> <td>Bk </td> <td>Cf </td> <td>Es </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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