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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeugenberg" class="extiw" title="de:Zeugenberg">the corresponding article</a> in German</b>.  <i><small>(June 2015)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZeugenberg&sl=de&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the German article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Zeugenberg]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Zeugenberg}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Inliers_and_outliers_(geology)" title="Talk:Inliers and outliers (geology)">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>An <b>inlier</b> is an area of older <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">rocks</a> surrounded by younger rocks. Inliers are typically formed by the <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a> of overlying younger rocks to reveal a limited <a href="/wiki/Outcrop" title="Outcrop">exposure</a> of the older underlying rocks. <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">Faulting</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)" title="Fold (geology)">folding</a> may also contribute to the observed <a href="/wiki/Outcrop" title="Outcrop">outcrop</a> pattern. A classic example from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> is that of the inlier of folded <a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian</a> rocks at <a href="/wiki/Horton_in_Ribblesdale" title="Horton in Ribblesdale">Horton in Ribblesdale</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a> which are surrounded by the younger flat-lying <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous_Limestone" title="Carboniferous Limestone">Carboniferous Limestone</a>. The location has long been visited by <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> students and experts. Another example from <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Usk_Inlier" title="Usk Inlier">Usk Inlier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a> where Silurian age rocks are upfolded amidst <a href="/wiki/Old_Red_Sandstone" title="Old Red Sandstone">Old Red Sandstone</a> rocks of <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> age. </p><p>A similar outcrop pattern which results from movement on a <a href="/wiki/Thrust_fault" title="Thrust fault">thrust fault</a> followed by erosion may be termed a <a href="/wiki/Window_(geology)" title="Window (geology)">window</a>. </p><p>Conversely an <b>outlier</b> is an area of younger rock surrounded by older rocks. An outlier is typically formed when sufficient erosion of surrounding rocks has taken place to sever the younger rock's original continuity with a larger mass of the same younger rocks nearby. </p><p>One example from Great Britain is the mass of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> around the <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Leek,_Staffordshire" title="Leek, Staffordshire">Leek</a>. This is isolated from the very much larger area of Triassic rocks which characterise the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">English Midlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Basin" title="Cheshire Basin">Cheshire Basin</a>, to the south and west respectively, by the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> sandstones and <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a>. Similarly in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountains,_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Mountains, Wales">Black Mountains</a> of South <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, the summit area of <a href="/wiki/Pen_Cerrig-calch" title="Pen Cerrig-calch">Pen Cerrig-calch</a> is composed from a suite of Carboniferous age sandstones and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>. This outcrop is isolated from the main extent of these rocks (which form the <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Coalfield" title="South Wales Coalfield">South Wales Coalfield</a> and its margins some miles to the south) by the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Red_Sandstone" title="Old Red Sandstone">Old Red Sandstone</a> on which it rests by and by which it is surrounded.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Grenville_orogeny" title="Grenville orogeny">Grenvillian</a> inliers located within the <a href="/wiki/Alleghanian_orogeny" title="Alleghanian orogeny">Appalachian orogeny</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Pine_Mountain_Range" title="Pine Mountain Range">Pine Mountain Belt</a> in Georgia, the <a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad</a> <a href="/wiki/Massif" title="Massif">Massif</a> along the Tennessee and North Carolina border, <a href="/wiki/Sauratown_Mountains" title="Sauratown Mountains">Sauratown Mountain</a> Massif in North Carolina, the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Mountain" title="Shenandoah Mountain">Shenandoah</a> Massif in Virginia, the Baltimore Gneiss Domes in Maryland, the Honey Brook Upland in Pennsylvania, and the <a href="/wiki/Reading_Prong" title="Reading Prong">Reading Prong</a>, which extends from Pennsylvania into New York. Other inliers include the Berkshire Massif, which extends from Massachusetts into Vermont, and the Green Mountain Massif in Vermont. Associated Canadian inliers include the Blair River Inlier on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a>, Nova Scotia, the Steel Mountain Terrane on Newfoundland, and the <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Mountains" title="Long Range Mountains">Long Range</a> Inlier on Newfoundland.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In West Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Kenieba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenieba">Kenieba</a> inlier borders southwestern <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and eastern <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, and associated <a href="/wiki/Birimian" title="Birimian">Birimian</a> gold is found in <a href="/wiki/Kalana,_Mali" title="Kalana, Mali">Kalana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Senegal" title="Mining industry of Senegal">Sabodala</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A similar isolated arrangement of rocks produced for example by movement on a thrust fault followed by erosion may be termed a <a href="/wiki/Klippe" title="Klippe">klippe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inliers_and_outliers_(geology)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Geological Survey, 2007 <i>Bedrock Geology UK South</i> 5th Edn, 1:625K scale map, Keyworth</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiller1997" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Brent (1997). <i>Geology, Geochronology, and Tectonic Significance of the Blair River Inlier, Northern Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia</i>. Halifax: Dalhousie University. p. 260.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology%2C+Geochronology%2C+and+Tectonic+Significance+of+the+Blair+River+Inlier%2C+Northern+Cape+Breton+Island%2C+Nova+Scotia&rft.place=Halifax&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Dalhousie+University&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Brent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInliers+and+outliers+%28geology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1995" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Harold (1995). <i>Geology of the Appalachian-Caledonian Orogen in Canada and Greenland, Geology of Canada, no. 6</i>. Canada: Geological Survey of Canada. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-660-13134-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-660-13134-X"><bdi>0-660-13134-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+of+the+Appalachian-Caledonian+Orogen+in+Canada+and+Greenland%2C+Geology+of+Canada%2C+no.+6&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Geological+Survey+of+Canada&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-660-13134-X&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInliers+and+outliers+%28geology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="gold" class="citation book cs1">Wright, J.B.; Hastings, D.A.; Jones, W.B.; Williams, H.R. (1985). Wright, J.B. (ed.). <i>Geology and Mineral Resources of West Africa</i>. London: George Allen & UNWIN. pp. 45–47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780045560011" title="Special:BookSources/9780045560011"><bdi>9780045560011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geology+and+Mineral+Resources+of+West+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.pages=45-47&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+UNWIN&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780045560011&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=J.B.&rft.au=Hastings%2C+D.A.&rft.au=Jones%2C+W.B.&rft.au=Williams%2C+H.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInliers+and+outliers+%28geology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitten D.G.A. & Brooks J.R.V. 1972, <i>The Penguin Dictionary of Geology</i>, London, England</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inliers_and_outliers_(geology)&oldid=1253252574">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inliers_and_outliers_(geology)&oldid=1253252574</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Petrology" title="Category:Petrology">Petrology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_formations" title="Category:Rock formations">Rock formations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 02:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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