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class="description"><p>هدفنا: عدم ترك أي انتهاك لحرية الإعلام دون تسليط الضوء عليه. اكتشف تصنيفنا العالمي لحرية الصحافة، وأحدث تحقيقاتنا بالإضافة إلى التقارير التي تنتجها مكاتبنا الإقليمية يومياً، بفضل التواصل الدائم مع شبكة مراسلينا في 115 دولة حول العالم.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header_sub-right"><div class="link-lvl2"><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">البلدان&المناطق</span><div class="link-lvl3"><div class="link-lvl4 child-3"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">آسيا والمحيط الهادئ</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">أفغانستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86">الفلبين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF">الهند</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81">المالديف</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86">الصين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86">اليابان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7">أندونيسيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7">أستراليا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9">بابوا غينيا الجديدة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">باكستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B4">بنغلاديش</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A">بروناي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7">بورما</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">بوتان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85">فيتنام</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA">هونغ كونغ</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A">جزر فيجي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7">كمبوديا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9">كوريا الجنوبية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9">كوريا الشمالية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3">لاوس</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7">ماليزيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7">منغوليا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84">نيبال</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">نيوزيلاندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7">ساموا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9">سنغافورة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7">سري لانكا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF">تايلاند</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86">تايوان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7">تونغا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9">تيمور الشرقية</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6">اكتشاف المنطقة</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">أفريقيا</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86">الغابون</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86">الكاميرون</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84">الكونغو - برازافيل</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1">النيجر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1">الرأس الأخضر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84">السنغال</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86">السودان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84">الصومال</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7">أنغولا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7">إريتريا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">أثيوبيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">أوغندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86">بنين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88">بوركينا فاسو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A">بوروندي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7">بوتسوانا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">غامبيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7">غانا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">غينيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9">غينيا الاستوائية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88">غينيا بيساو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89">جمهورية أفريقيا الوسطى</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9">جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86">جمهورية جنوب السودان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7">جنوب أفريقيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A">جيبوتي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%B1">جزر القمر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">كينيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7">ليبيريا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88">ليسوتو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A">مالاوي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A">مالي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%BA%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%B1">مدغشقر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3">موريشيوس</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">موريتانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82">موزمبيق</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">ناميبيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7">نيجيريا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">رواندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AC">ساحل العاج</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF">سوازيلاند</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86">سيراليون</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84">سيشيل</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">تنزانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF">تشاد</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88">توغو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">زامبيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%8A">زيمبابوي</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/ar/almntqt/afryqya">اكتشاف المنطقة</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">أمريكا</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1">الإكوادور</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86">الأرجنتين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84">البرازيل</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83">المكسيك</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1">السلفادور</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9">الولايات المتحدة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A">أوروغواي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3">باهاماس</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A">باراغواي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2">بليز</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7">بنما</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7">بوليفيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88">بيرو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7">فنزويلا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7">غواتيمالا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7">غويانا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A">هايتي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3">هندوراس</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7">جامايكا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86">جمهورية الدومينيكان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">كندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7">كوبا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">كولومبيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7">كوستاريكا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A">منظمة دول شرق الكاريبي</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7">نيكاراغوا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85">سورينام</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88">ترينيداد وتوباغو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A">تشيلي</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7">اكتشاف المنطقة</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">أوروبا - آسيا الوسطى</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86">أذربيجان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">ألبانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84">البرتغال</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%83">البوسنة والهرسك</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83">الدنمارك</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF">الجبل الأسود</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">ألمانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%B1">المجر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9">المملكة المتحدة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7">النمسا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC">النرويج</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF">السويد</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83">التشيك</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86">اليونان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7">أندورا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">أرمينيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">إسبانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">إستونيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">أوكرانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">أوزبكستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">أيرلندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">ايسلندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7">إيطاليا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7">بلغاريا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7">بلجيكا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">بولندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%81%D9%86%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">فنلندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7">فرنسا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7">هولندا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">جمهورية شمال مقدونيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7">جورجيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">كازاخستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7">كرواتيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88">كوسوفو</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7">لاتفيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%BA">لوكسمبورغ</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86">ليختنشتاين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">ليتوانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7">مالطا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7">مولدوفا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5">قبرص</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">قرغيزستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">رومانيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7">روسيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1">روسيا البيضاء</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B5">شمال قبرص</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7">سلوفاكيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7">سلوفينيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">صربيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7">سويسرا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">طاجيكستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86">تركمانستان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7">تركيا</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/ar/almntqt/awrwba-asya-alwsty">اكتشاف المنطقة</a></div> </div> </li><li><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">المغرب العربي - الشرق الأوسط</span><div class="link-lvl4 child-1"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86">عمان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82">العراق</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9">الإمارات العربية المتحدة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86">الأردن</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86">البحرين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1">الجزائر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA">الكويت</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9">المغرب / الصحراء الغربية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9">المملكة العربية السعودية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86">اليمن</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84">إسرائيل</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86">إيران</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86">فلسطين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86">لبنان</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7">ليبيا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1">مصر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1">قطر</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7">سوريا</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3">تونس</a></li></ul></div><div class="other-link"><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7">اكتشاف المنطقة</a></div> </div> </li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="link-lvl2"><span class="nolink with-sublinks" tabIndex="0">الموضوعات</span><div class="link-lvl3"><div class="link-lvl4 child-3"><div class="item-list"><ul><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%A3%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81-%D8%B6%D8%AF%D9%91-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86">أشكال العنف ضدّ الصحفيين</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85">استدامة وسائط الإعلام</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9">استقلالية وتعددية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9">الإطار القانوني والعدالة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9">الرقابة والمراقبة التكنولوجية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%AC-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%91%D8%AF%D8%A9">اماذج وممارسات جيّدة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A5%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9">تضليل إعلامي ودعاية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9">عمليات الاحتجازوالإجراءات التعسفية</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9/%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9">فضاء رقمي وديمقراطية</a></li><li><a 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2.05 2.44 2 2.39 1.98 2.29 2 2.17 1.97 2.1 1.92 2.05 1.95 1.83 1.85 1.75 1.74 1.93 1.47 2.13 1.27 2.22 1.16 2.23 1.06 2.34 0.98 2.57 0.9 2.7 0.82 2.74 0.76 2.83 0.74 2.96 0.78 3.03 0.91 3.04 0.92 3.08 0.81 3.14 0.68 3.17 0.53 3.15 0.38 3.2 0.24 3.32 0.13 3.58 0.03 3.99 0.01 4.09 0 4.2 0.04 4.23 0.11 4.18 0.19 4.05 0.27 3.98 0.37 3.96 0.47 4.05 0.57 4.24 0.68 4.34 0.73 4.35 0.77 4.44 0.77 4.52 0.72 4.69 0.63 4.89 0.51 5.14 0.55 5.35 0.72 5.52 0.92 5.62 1.14 5.59 1.25 5.54 1.34 5.46 1.43 5.42 1.54 5.41 1.88 5.47 1.98 5.53 2 5.64 1.96 5.94 2.01 6.16 2.1 6.38 2.12 6.59 2 6.94 1.9 7.26 1.79 7.42 1.71 7.52 1.68 7.59 1.69 7.65 1.77 7.75 1.85 7.88 1.87 8 1.86 8.14 1.8 8.35 1.6 8.78 1.43 9.18 1.52 9.26 1.68 9.31 1.79 9.37 1.9 9.34 2.14 9.1 2.35 8.93 2.6 8.76 2.62 8.74 2.84 8.61 2.94 8.49 3 8.35 3.08 8.29 3.18 8.32 3.31 8.26 3.47 8.09 3.59 8.02 3.67 8.03 3.82 8.13 4.04 8.32 4.23 8.44 4.4 8.47 4.48 8.54 4.48 8.65 4.52 8.72 4.6 8.74 4.63 8.73 4.62 8.68 4.7 8.61 4.86 8.51 5.03 8.45 5.19 8.43 5.3 8.35 5.37 8.15 5.48 8 5.57 7.93 5.68 7.89 5.71 7.84 5.66 7.78 5.66 7.71 5.73 7.65 5.87 7.62 6.09 7.63 6.35 7.7 6.64 7.82 6.83 7.86 6.92 7.82 7.1 8.01 7.37 8.43 7.6 8.75 7.79 8.96 7.99 9.13 8.2 9.25 8.35 9.4 8.49 9.7 8.39 10.12 8.36 10.47 8.37 10.91 8.49 11.24 8.73 11.47 8.87 11.66 8.91 11.81 9.09 11.93 9.42 12.03 9.55 12.12 9.5 12.21 9.49 12.3 9.54 12.41 9.65 12.51 9.84 12.58 9.95 12.65 9.98 12.73 9.97 12.86 9.93 13.04 9.86 13.18 9.75 13.28 9.73 13.35 9.71 13.47 9.71 13.7 9.78 13.86 9.81 14.06 9.77 14.23 9.72 14.56 9.72 14.69 9.68 14.8 9.58 14.91 9.44 15.01 9.26 15.1 9.15 15.14 9.16 15.19 9.2 15.3 9.27 15.4 9.34 15.47 9.45 15.57 9.53 15.57 9.78 15.48 10.16 15.62 10.2 15.68 10.32 15.81 10.45 15.91 10.75 15.91 10.85 15.68 10.8 15.54 10.63 15.29 10.59 15.14 10.64 15.12 10.93 15.09 10.97 15.06 11.03 14.9 11.11 14.92 11.27 14.94 11.43 14.83 11.53 14.71 11.59 14.77 11.64 14.85 11.71 14.89 11.83 14.96 11.96 15.06 12.04 15.16 12.11 15.2 12.28 15.17 12.32 15.17 12.42 15.05 12.49 14.99 12.54 15.01 12.63 15.01 12.81 14.86 12.91 14.72 12.96 14.69 13.12 14.75 13.18 14.74 13.27 14.55 13.37 14.48 13.36 14.27 13.38 14.17 13.34 14.09 13.3 13.98 13.33 13.9 13.44 13.83 13.5 13.72 13.58 13.59 13.61 13.47 13.55 13.37"/></g></g></svg></div> <div class="popin-classement preview-pays"><div class="current-year"><div>2024 التصنيف</div> <div class="position"><span class="general bg-color-5"></span> <span class="rang"><span class="current">153</span>/ 180</span> </div> <div class="score current">٣٣٫٧٦ :مجموع</div> <div class="indicateurs-wrapper"><div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر سياسي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">155</div> <div class="indicateur-score">25.00</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر اقتصادي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">113</div> <div class="indicateur-score">40.10</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر تشريعي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">159</div> <div class="indicateur-score">31.01</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر اجتماعي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">160</div> <div class="indicateur-score">30.36</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر أمني</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">135</div> <div class="indicateur-score">42.33</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="prev-year"><div>2023 التصنيف</div> <div class="position"><span class="rang"><span class="current up">160</span>/ 180</span> </div> <div class="score current">٣٦٫٦٦ :مجموع</div> <div class="indicateurs-wrapper"><div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر سياسي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">162</div> <div class="indicateur-score">36.04</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر اقتصادي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">157</div> <div class="indicateur-score">33.33</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر تشريعي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">169</div> <div class="indicateur-score">25.47</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر اجتماعي</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">154</div> <div class="indicateur-score">38.26</div> </div> <div><div class="indicateur-title">مؤشر أمني</div> <div class="indicateur-rank">125</div> <div class="indicateur-score">50.19</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper-block-sticky"> <div class="content-block-sticky"> <div class="wrapper-sticky-anchors"><div class="item-list"><ul class="links"><li><span class="label-anchor-highlight">لاوس</span> </li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3#wsayl-alalam-11980">وسائل الإعلام</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3#alsyast-11982">السياسة</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3#altshryat-11984">التشريعات</a></li><li><a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3#alaqtsad-11986">الاقتصاد</a></li><li><a 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href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https://rsf.org/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3" class="link-shared-social link-social-linkedin" target="_blank">linkedin</a></li><li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1d224e687f77787e6920c499c5bac495c5ae3b7c706d267f727964207569696d6e2732326f6e7b33726f7a327c6f32385925385c2a385924382529385925385c25385924382529385925385c2a385925385c5b32385924382529385925385c2a385924382525385925385f2e" class="mailto-link">البريد الإلكتروني</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="content-node"></div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-chapo field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>في ظل السيطرة المطلقة لأجهزة الدولة على وسائل الإعلام، تظل لاوس بؤرة سوداء على المستوى الإعلامي، حيث لا يصل منها سوى القليل من المعلومات الموثوقة.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-contenu-editorial field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="wsayl-alalam-11980">المشهد الإعلامي</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>تمارس الحكومة سيطرة شبه كاملة على الصحافة، حيث يجب على وسائل الإعلام الموجودة في البلاد (24 صحيفة و32 قناة تلفزيونية و44 محطة إذاعية) اتباع الخط الذي ترسمه أركان الدعاية، بقيادة الصحف اليومية الثلاث للحزب الحاكم، باثيت لاو وفينتيان ماي وباكساسون. وهناك صحيفتان بلغتين أجنبيتين يصدرهما قسم الشؤون الخارجية بوزارة الإعلام والثقافة، ويتعلق الأمر بكل من يومية فينتيان تايمز (باللغة الإنجليزية) ومجلة لورينوفاتو الأسبوعية (باللغة الفرنسية). وتبقى إذاعة لاو الوطنية هي الوسيلة الأكثر أهمية بالنسبة لـ 70٪ من سكان البلاد. هذا وقد بات المواطنون يتجهون على نحو متزايد إلى منصات التواصل الاجتماعي بعدما أدركوا هول القيود المفروضة على وسائل الإعلام الرسمية.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="alsyast-11982">السياق السياسي</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>يفرض حزب لاو الثوري الشعبيرقابة مشددة على الصحافة إلى حد يجعل من المستحيل إنشاء وسائل إعلام مستقلة. وفي ظل هذا النظام السائد، ترزح الأخبار والمعلومات تحت سطوة الشخصيات البارزة في السلطة، والتي غالباً ما تكون من الطبقة الأرستقراطية القديمة، علماً أن هذه البيئة السياسية تشكل أرضاً خصبة للرقابة الذاتية وتفسر سبب اقتصار الصحفيين على ترديد قصاصات وكالة الأنباء الحكومية بالحرف. ومنذ عام 2016، يُسمح لوسائل الإعلام الأجنبية بالعمل في لاوس، لكن شريطة موافقتها على خضوع محتوياتها لرقابة الحزب الحاكم. وبعد قبول ذلك، تمكنت وكالة الأنباء الصينية ونظيرتها الفيتنامية من فتح مكتب في فينتيان.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="altshryat-11984">الإطار القانوني</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>يكفل الدستور "حرية التعبير" للمواطنين، لكنه في الوقت ذاته يحظر على وسائل الإعلام الإضرار بـ "المصالح الوطنية" أو "الثوابت الثقافية". كما يسمح قانون العقوبات بسجن الصحفيين الذين ينتقدون الحكومة، شأنهم في ذلك شأن مستخدمي الإنترنت (بموجب مرسوم صادر في 2014). كما يُفرض على شركات الاتصالات إبلاغ السلطات بأسماء مستخدمي الإنترنت ومهنهم وسجل الأبحاث التي يقومون بها في الشبكة.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="alaqtsad-11986">السياق الاقتصادي</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>تمتلك الحكومة معظم وسائل الإعلام بشكل مباشر. وتشهد ظاهرة المدونات تطوراً تدريجياً، وإن كان خجولاً، علماً أن هذه النقلة تأت بفضل التقدم التكنولوجي، من تحسين في البنية التحتية للاتصالات السلكية واللاسلكية والوصول إلى الإنترنت، ناهيك عن زيادة عدد مستخدمي الهواتف المحمولة. هذا ولا يزال نطاق الرقابة على الإنترنت ضعيفاً، حيث لا تمتلك السلطات الأدوات أو الموارد الكافية لمنع الوصول إلى المواقع التي تعتبرها "حساسة" سياسياً أو ثقافياً.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="almjtm-11988">السياق الاجتماعي والثقافي</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>يقوم الحزب بقمع كافة أشكال التعبير الجماعي الحر. وبفضل القرب الكبير بين اللغتين اللاوية والتايلاندية، يتابع الشباب اللاوسيون عن كثب ما يحدث على منصات التواصل الاجتماعي التايلاندية، بل وأطلقوا في 2020 حركة احتجاجية نادرة على الإنترنت من خلال هاشتاغ #</span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span>ຖ້າການເມືອງລາວດີ</span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span> (الذي يمكن ترجمته بعبارة "ماذا لو كان ساسة لاوس جيدين؟)، حيث شكّل صرخة استنكار حقيقية تجاه انعدام حرية التعبير في البلاد. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ancre paragraph--view-mode--default"> <h2 id="alamn-11990">الأمن</h2> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--texte-riche paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-texte-riche field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p dir="rtl"><span><span><span><span><span><span>بسبب التعتيم الإعلامي الجاثم، يجد الصحفيون العاملون في وسائل الإعلام الرسمية عاجزين تماماً عن التحرك خارج الإطار المحدد لهم سلفاً. وفي 2018، مُنع العديد من المراسلين المحليين والأجانب من تغطية انهيار سد على نهر ميكونغ. كما يطال القمع وسائل الإعلام المستقلة عبر الإنترنت، حيث حُكم على المدونة مواي ليتلبيغ بالسجن خمس سنوات في عام 2019 لسبب ما نشرته من معلومات بشأن الفيضانات.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strates field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--barometre-exactions paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="barometre-exactions-wrapper"> <div class="wrapper-top"> <div class="field field--name-field-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field__item"><h2>تجاوزات في الوقت الحقيقي</h2> </div> <a href="/ar/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1" class="go-to-barometre"></a> </div> <div class="barometre-real-time"><div class="exaction-pays--content real-time--content"><div class="chart-card tue"><div class="chart-card--text-wrapper"><div class="chart-card--title">2024قتلوا منذ 01 يناير </div> <div class="chart-card--journaliste"><span>0</span> صحفيون</div> <div class="chart-card--media"><span>0</span> متعاونون مع وسائل الإعلام</div> </div> <div class="doughnut-wrapper"><canvas class="doughnut" data-total="0" data-line1="0" data-line2="0" data-empty="true"></canvas> <div class="doughnut--total">0</div> </div> </div> <div class="chart-card emprisonnement"><div class="chart-card--text-wrapper"><div class="chart-card--title">معتقلين حتى الساعة</div> <div class="chart-card--journaliste"><span>2</span> صحفيون</div> <div class="chart-card--media"><span>1</span> متعاونون مع وسائل الإعلام</div> </div> <div class="doughnut-wrapper"><canvas class="doughnut" data-total="3" data-line1="2" data-line2="1" data-empty="false"></canvas> <div class="doughnut--total">3</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--aller-plus-loin paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="wrapper-aller-loin"><div class="wrapper-top"><div class="wrapper-left"><h2 id="kaft-almnshwrat" class="title title-h2">كافة المنشورات</h2> </div> <a href="/ar/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA">كافة المنشورات</a></div> <div class="wrapper-articles"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--region-pleine-largeur paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-region field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="mise_en_avant taxonomy-term vocabulary-pays-region" id="taxonomy-term-46"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-left"> <a href="/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6" class="field-group-link" hreflang="ar"><div class="text-wrapper"><div class="surtitre">الإقليم/المنطقة</div> <div class="titre">آسيا والمحيط الهادئ</div> <div class="titre-analyse">آسيا والمحيط 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