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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohled_(datab%C3%A1ze)" title="Pohled (databáze) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pohled (databáze)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicht_(Datenbank)" title="Sicht (Datenbank) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sicht (Datenbank)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vista_(base_de_datos)" title="Vista (base de datos) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vista (base de datos)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_(%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="دید (پایگاه داده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دید (پایگاه داده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vue_(base_de_donn%C3%A9es)" title="Vue (base de données) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vue (base de données)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIEW_(SQL)" title="VIEW (SQL) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="VIEW (SQL)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vista_(basi_di_dati)" title="Vista (basi di dati) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vista (basi di dati)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skats_(datub%C4%81ze)" title="Skats (datubāze) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skats (datubāze)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%82" title="Виртуаль хүснэгт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Виртуаль хүснэгт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9)" title="ビュー (データベース) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビュー (データベース)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visning_(database)" title="Visning (database) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Visning (database)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widok_(bazy_danych)" title="Widok (bazy danych) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Widok (bazy danych)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis%C3%A3o_(banco_de_dados)" title="Visão (banco de dados) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visão (banco de dados)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85)" title="Представление (базы данных) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Представление (базы данных)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poh%C4%BEad_(datab%C3%A1za)" title="Pohľad (databáza) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pohľad (databáza)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4kym%C3%A4" title="Näkymä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Näkymä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Розріз даних – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Розріз даних" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE" title="视图 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="视图" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1329910#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Database_view&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Database view">Database view</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Database stored query result set</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/View_(SQL)" title="Special:EditPage/View (SQL)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22View%22+SQL">"View" SQL</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22View%22+SQL+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22View%22+SQL&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22View%22+SQL+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22View%22+SQL">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22View%22+SQL&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a>, a <b>view</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Result_set" title="Result set">result set</a> of a stored <a href="/wiki/Query_language" title="Query language">query</a> that presents a limited perspective of the database to a user.<sup id="cite_ref-mysql-views_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mysql-views-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pre-established query command is kept in the <a href="/wiki/Data_dictionary" title="Data dictionary">data dictionary</a>. Unlike ordinary <i><a href="/wiki/Base_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Base table">base tables</a></i> in a <a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">relational database</a>, a view does not form part of the <a href="/wiki/Database_design" title="Database design">physical schema</a>: as a result set, it is a virtual table<sup id="cite_ref-mysql-views_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mysql-views-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> computed or collated dynamically from data in the database when access to that view is requested. Changes applied to the data in a relevant <i>underlying table</i> are reflected in the data shown in subsequent invocations of the view. </p><p>Views can provide advantages over tables: </p> <ul><li>Views can represent a subset of the data contained in a table. Consequently, a view can limit the degree of exposure of the underlying tables to the outer world: a given user may have permission to query the view, while denied access to the rest of the base table.<sup id="cite_ref-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Views can <a href="/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL)">join</a> and simplify multiple tables into a single virtual table.<sup id="cite_ref-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Views can act as aggregated tables, where the <a href="/wiki/Database_engine" title="Database engine">database engine</a> aggregates data (<a href="/wiki/Summation" title="Summation">sum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Average" title="Average">average</a>, etc.) and presents the calculated results as part of the data.</li> <li>Views can hide the complexity of data. For example, a view could appear as Sales2020 or Sales2021, transparently <a href="/wiki/Partition_(database)" title="Partition (database)">partitioning</a> the actual underlying table.</li> <li>Views take very little space to store; the database contains only the definition of a view, not a copy of all the data that it presents.</li> <li>Views structure data in a way that classes of users find natural and intuitive.<sup id="cite_ref-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Just as a <a href="/wiki/Function_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Function (computing)">function</a> (in programming) can provide <a href="/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)" title="Abstraction (computer science)">abstraction</a>, so can a database view. In another parallel with functions, database users can manipulate nested views, thus one view can aggregate data from other views. Without the use of views, the <a href="/wiki/Database_normalization" title="Database normalization">normalization</a> of databases above <a href="/wiki/Second_normal_form" title="Second normal form">second normal form</a> would become much more difficult. Views can make it easier to create lossless join decomposition. </p><p>Just as <a href="/wiki/Row_(database)" title="Row (database)">rows</a> in a base table lack any defined ordering, rows available through a view do not appear with any default sorting. A view is a relational table, and the relational model defines a table as a set of rows. Since sets are not ordered — by definition — neither are the rows of a view. Therefore, an <a href="/wiki/Order_by_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order by (SQL)">ORDER BY</a> clause in the view definition is meaningless; the SQL standard (<a href="/wiki/SQL:2003" title="SQL:2003">SQL:2003</a>) does not allow an ORDER BY clause in the subquery of a CREATE VIEW command, just as it is refused in a CREATE TABLE statement. However, sorted data can be obtained from a view, in the same way as any other table — as part of a query <a href="/wiki/Statement_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statement (programming)">statement</a> on that view. Nevertheless, some DBMS (such as <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a>) do not abide by this SQL standard restriction. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Read-only_vs._updatable_views">Read-only vs. updatable views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Read-only vs. updatable views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Views can be defined as read-only or updatable. If the database system can determine the reverse mapping from the view schema to the schema of the underlying base tables, then the view is updatable. <a href="/wiki/Insert_(SQL)" title="Insert (SQL)">INSERT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Update_(SQL)" title="Update (SQL)">UPDATE</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Delete_(SQL)" title="Delete (SQL)">DELETE</a> operations can be performed on updatable views. Read-only views do not support such operations because the DBMS cannot map the changes to the underlying base tables. A view update is done by key preservation. </p><p>Some systems support the definition of INSTEAD OF <a href="/wiki/Database_trigger" title="Database trigger">triggers</a> on views. This technique allows the definition of other logic for execution in place of an insert, update, or delete operation on the views. Thus database systems can implement data modifications based on read-only views. However, an INSTEAD OF trigger does not change the read-only or updatable property of the view itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materialized_views">Materialized views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Materialized views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Materialized_view" title="Materialized view">Materialized view</a></div> <p>Various <a href="/wiki/Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">database management systems</a> have extended the views from read-only subsets of <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Materialized_view" title="Materialized view">materialized views</a>: pre-executed, non-virtual views commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Data_warehouse" title="Data warehouse">data warehousing</a>. They give a static snapshot of the data and may include data from remote sources. The accuracy of a materialized view depends on the frequency of trigger mechanisms behind its updates. </p><p>Materialized views were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a>, while <a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2">IBM Db2</a> provides so-called "materialized query tables" (MQTs) for the same purpose. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">Microsoft SQL Server</a> introduced in its 2000 version indexed views which only store a separate index from the table, but not the entire data. <a href="/wiki/PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a> implemented materialized views in its 9.3 release. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equivalence">Equivalence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Equivalence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A view is equivalent to its source query. When queries are run against views, the query is modified. For example, if there exists a view named accounts_view with the content as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- accounts_view:</span> <span class="c1">-------------</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">money_received</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">money_sent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">money_received</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">money_sent</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balance</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_customers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">accounts_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_id</span> </pre></div> <p>then the application could run a simple query such as: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Simple query</span> <span class="c1">------------</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balance</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">accounts_view</span> </pre></div> <p>The RDBMS then takes the simple query, replaces the equivalent view, then sends the following to the <a href="/wiki/Query_optimizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Query optimizer">query optimizer</a>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">-- Preprocessed query:</span> <span class="c1">------------------</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balance</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">money_received</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">money_sent</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">money_received</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">money_sent</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">balance</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">address</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">table_customers</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">accounts_table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">c</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer_id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <p>The optimizer then removes unnecessary fields and complexity (for example it is not necessary to read the address, since the parent invocation does not make use of it) and then sends the query to the SQL engine for processing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidirectionalization" title="Bidirectionalization">Bidirectionalization</a></li></ul> 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Object_database" title="Object database">Object-oriented</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_object_database_management_systems" title="Comparison of object database management systems">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_database" title="Relational database">Relational</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="List of relational database management systems">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems" title="Comparison of relational database management systems">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key%E2%80%93value_database" title="Key–value database">Key–value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="Column-oriented DBMS">Column-oriented</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_column-oriented_DBMSes" title="List of column-oriented DBMSes">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document-oriented_database" title="Document-oriented database">Document-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-column_store" title="Wide-column store">Wide-column store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_database" title="Graph database">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NoSQL" title="NoSQL">NoSQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSQL" title="NewSQL">NewSQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-memory_database" title="In-memory database">In-memory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_in-memory_databases" title="List of in-memory databases">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-model_database" title="Multi-model database">Multi-model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_multi-model_databases" title="Comparison of multi-model databases">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud</a></li> <li><a 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key">Foreign key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PACELC_theorem" title="PACELC theorem">PACELC theorem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superkey" title="Superkey">Superkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_key" title="Surrogate key">Surrogate key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unique_key" title="Unique key">Unique key</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relation_(database)" title="Relation (database)">Relation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_(database)" title="Table (database)">table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(database)" title="Column (database)">column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_(database)" title="Row (database)">row</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_transaction" title="Database transaction">Transaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction_log" title="Transaction log">Transaction log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_trigger" title="Database trigger">Trigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_index" title="Database index">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stored_procedure" title="Stored procedure">Stored procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursor_(databases)" title="Cursor (databases)">Cursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_(database)" title="Partition (database)">Partition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concurrency_control" title="Concurrency control">Concurrency control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_dictionary" title="Data dictionary">Data dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Database_Connectivity" title="Java Database Connectivity">JDBC</a></li> <li><a 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title="Replication (computing)">Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shard_(database_architecture)" title="Shard (database architecture)">Sharding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Database_model" title="Database model">Database models</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_normalization" title="Database normalization">Database normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_storage_structures" title="Database storage structures">Database storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_database" title="Distributed database">Distributed database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_database_system" title="Federated database system">Federated database system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referential_integrity" title="Referential integrity">Referential integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_algebra" title="Relational algebra">Relational algebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_calculus" title="Relational calculus">Relational calculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">Relational model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object%E2%80%93relational_database" title="Object–relational database">Object–relational database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction_processing" title="Transaction processing">Transaction processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Database_management_systems" title="Category:Database management systems">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_databases" title="Outline of databases">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mysql-views-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mysql-views_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mysql-views_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/views.html">"25.5 Using Views"</a>. <i>MySQL</i>. Oracle. 2023-12-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20231123070115/http://dev.mysql.com:80/doc/refman/8.0/en/views.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-12-12</span></span>. <q>Views are stored queries that when invoked produce a result set. A view acts as a virtual table.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MySQL&rft.atitle=25.5+Using+Views&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdev.mysql.com%2Fdoc%2Frefman%2F8.0%2Fen%2Fviews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AView+%28SQL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SQL-reference-groff-weinberg_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGroffWeinberg1999" class="citation book cs1">Groff, James R.; Weinberg, Paul N. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://englishonlineclub.com/pdf/SQL%20-%20The%20Complete%20Reference%20%5bEnglishOnlineClub.com%5d.pdf"><i>SQL: The Complete Reference</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Osborne/McGraw-Hill. pp. <span class="nowrap">291–</span>292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0072118458" title="Special:BookSources/0072118458"><bdi>0072118458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SQL%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E292&rft.pub=Osborne%2FMcGraw-Hill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0072118458&rft.aulast=Groff&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+Paul+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglishonlineclub.com%2Fpdf%2FSQL%2520-%2520The%2520Complete%2520Reference%2520%5BEnglishOnlineClub.com%5D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AView+%28SQL%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&oldid=1248397555">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=View_(SQL)&oldid=1248397555</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Database_management_systems" title="Category:Database management systems">Database management systems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:SQL" title="Category:SQL">SQL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Database_theory" title="Category:Database theory">Database theory</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2023">Articles needing additional references from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 08:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>19 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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