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Materialized view - Wikipedia

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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stream_processing_frameworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Stream processing frameworks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stream_processing_frameworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialized_View" title="Materialized View – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Materialized View" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vista_materializada" title="Vista materializada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vista materializada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%82_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87" title="دید تحقق یافته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دید تحقق یافته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vue_mat%C3%A9rialis%C3%A9e" title="Vue matérialisée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vue matérialisée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%B2%B4%ED%99%94_%EB%B7%B0" title="구체화 뷰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구체화 뷰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vista_materializzata" title="Vista materializzata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vista materializzata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">In databases, cached query results</div> <p> In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, a <b>materialized view</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> object that contains the results of a <a href="/wiki/Query_(databases)" class="mw-redirect" title="Query (databases)">query</a>. For example, it may be a local copy of data located remotely, or may be a subset of the rows and/or columns of a table or <a href="/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL)">join</a> result, or may be a summary using an <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_function" title="Aggregate function">aggregate function</a>. </p><p>The process of setting up a materialized view is sometimes called <b>materialization</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Date2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Date2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This is a form of <a href="/wiki/Cache_(computing)" title="Cache (computing)">caching</a> the results of a query, similar to <a href="/wiki/Memoization" title="Memoization">memoization</a> of the value of a function in functional languages, and it is sometimes described as a form of <a href="/wiki/Precomputation" title="Precomputation">precomputation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MortonOsborne2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MortonOsborne2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AufaureZimányi2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AufaureZimányi2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As with other forms of precomputation, database users typically use materialized views for performance reasons, i.e. as a form of optimization.<sup id="cite_ref-Gonzales2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gonzales2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Materialized views that store data based on remote tables were also known as <a href="/wiki/Snapshot_(computer_storage)#In_databases" title="Snapshot (computer storage)">snapshots</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (deprecated <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle</a> terminology). </p><p>In any <a href="/wiki/Database_management_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database management system">database management system</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Relational_model" title="Relational model">relational model</a>, a <a href="/wiki/View_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="View (database)">view</a> is a virtual <a href="/wiki/Table_(database)" title="Table (database)">table</a> representing the result of a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> <a href="/wiki/Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">query</a>. Whenever a query or an update addresses an ordinary view's virtual table, the DBMS converts these into queries or updates against the underlying base tables. A materialized view takes a different approach: the query result is <a href="/wiki/Database_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="Database cache">cached</a> as a concrete ("materialized") table (rather than a view as such) that may be updated from the original base tables from time to time. This enables much more efficient access, at the cost of extra storage and of some data being potentially out-of-date. Materialized views find use especially in <a href="/wiki/Data_warehousing" class="mw-redirect" title="Data warehousing">data warehousing</a> scenarios, where frequent queries of the actual base tables can be expensive.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In a materialized view, <a href="/wiki/Index_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Index (database)">indexes</a> can be built on any column. In contrast, in a normal view, it's typically only possible to exploit indexes on columns that come directly from (or have a mapping to) indexed columns in the base tables; often this functionality is not offered at all. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oracle">Oracle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Oracle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materialized views were implemented first by the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Database" title="Oracle Database">Oracle Database</a>: the Query rewrite feature was added from version 8i.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Example syntax to create a materialized view in Oracle: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-postgresql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MV_MY_VIEW</span> <span class="k">REFRESH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FAST</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">START</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSDATE</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">NEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SYSDATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">table_name</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: PostgreSQL"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/PostgreSQL" title="PostgreSQL">PostgreSQL</a>, version 9.3 and newer natively support materialized views.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In version 9.3, a materialized view is not auto-refreshed, and is populated only at time of creation (unless <code>WITH NO DATA</code> is used). It may be refreshed later manually using <code>REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In version 9.4, the refresh may be concurrent with selects on the materialized view if <code>CONCURRENTLY</code> is used.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Example syntax to create a materialized view in PostgreSQL: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-postgresql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">MATERIALIZED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MV_MY_VIEW</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">storage_parameter</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">value</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">])</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">TABLESPACE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tablespace_name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">table_name</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SQL_Server">SQL Server</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: SQL Server"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft SQL Server differs from other RDBMS by the way of implementing materialized view via a concept known as "Indexed Views". The main difference is that such views do not require a refresh because they are in fact always synchronized to the original data of the tables that compound the view. To achieve this, it is necessary that the lines of origin and destination are "deterministic" in their mapping, which limits the types of possible queries to do this. This mechanism has been realised since the 2000 version of SQL Server. </p><p>Example syntax to create a materialized view in SQL Server: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-tsql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MV_MY_VIEW</span> <span class="k">WITH</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">SCHEMABINDING</span> <span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COL1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">SUM</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COL2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">AS</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TOTAL</span> <span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">table_name</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="k">GROUP</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">BY</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">COL1</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">GO</span> <span class="k">CREATE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">UNIQUE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">CLUSTERED</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INDEX</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">XV</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MV_MY_VIEW</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">COL1</span><span class="p">);</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stream_processing_frameworks">Stream processing frameworks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Stream processing frameworks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Apache Kafka</a> (since v0.10.2), <a href="/wiki/Apache_Spark" title="Apache Spark">Apache Spark</a> (since v2.0), Apache Flink, <a href="/wiki/Kinetica_(software)" title="Kinetica (software)">Kinetica DB</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Materialize,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and RisingWave<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> all support materialized views on streams of data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Materialized views are also supported in <a href="/wiki/Sybase" title="Sybase">Sybase</a> <a href="/wiki/SQL_Anywhere" title="SQL Anywhere">SQL Anywhere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/IBM_Db2" title="IBM Db2">IBM Db2</a>, they are called "materialized query tables".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ClickHouse" title="ClickHouse">ClickHouse</a> supports materialized views that automatically refresh on merges. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a> doesn't support materialized views natively, but workarounds can be implemented by using triggers or stored procedures <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or by using the open-source application <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flexviews&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flexviews (page does not exist)">Flexviews</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Materialized views can be implemented in <a href="/wiki/Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">Amazon DynamoDB</a> using data modification events captured by DynamoDB Streams. Google announced in 8 April 2020<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the availability of materialized views for BigQuery<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as a beta release. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Date2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Date2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFC.J._Date2006" class="citation book cs1">C.J. Date (28 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWKClUCN2HYC&amp;pg=PA59"><i>The Relational Database Dictionary: A Comprehensive Glossary of Relational Terms and Concepts, with Illustrative Examples</i></a>. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p.&#160;59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-9115-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-9115-7"><bdi>978-1-4493-9115-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>. <q>materialization[:] A somewhat unsophisticated technique for implementing operations on views according to which (a) the relational expression that defines the view is evaluated at the time the operation is invoked, (b) the view is thereby materialized, and (c) the operation in question is then executed against the relation so materialized.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Relational+Database+Dictionary%3A+A+Comprehensive+Glossary+of+Relational+Terms+and+Concepts%2C+with+Illustrative+Examples&amp;rft.pages=59&amp;rft.pub=%22O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.%22&amp;rft.date=2006-08-28&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4493-9115-7&amp;rft.au=C.J.+Date&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWKClUCN2HYC%26pg%3DPA59&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MortonOsborne2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MortonOsborne2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaren_MortonKerry_OsborneRobyn_SandsRiyaj_Shamsudeen2013" class="citation book cs1">Karen Morton; Kerry Osborne; Robyn Sands; Riyaj Shamsudeen; Jared Still (28 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XUPXAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48"><i>Pro Oracle SQL</i></a>. Apress. p.&#160;48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-6220-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4302-6220-6"><bdi>978-1-4302-6220-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pro+Oracle+SQL&amp;rft.pages=48&amp;rft.pub=Apress&amp;rft.date=2013-10-28&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4302-6220-6&amp;rft.au=Karen+Morton&amp;rft.au=Kerry+Osborne&amp;rft.au=Robyn+Sands&amp;rft.au=Riyaj+Shamsudeen&amp;rft.au=Jared+Still&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXUPXAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA48&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AufaureZimányi2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AufaureZimányi2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarie-Aude_AufaureEsteban_Zimányi2012" class="citation book cs1">Marie-Aude Aufaure; Esteban Zimányi (16 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UWtes499ZaUC&amp;pg=PA43"><i>Business Intelligence: First European Summer School, EBISS 2011, Paris, France, July 3-8, 2011, Tutorial Lectures</i></a>. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. p.&#160;43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-27357-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-27357-5"><bdi>978-3-642-27357-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Business+Intelligence%3A+First+European+Summer+School%2C+EBISS+2011%2C+Paris%2C+France%2C+July+3-8%2C+2011%2C+Tutorial+Lectures&amp;rft.pages=43&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&amp;rft.date=2012-01-16&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-642-27357-5&amp;rft.au=Marie-Aude+Aufaure&amp;rft.au=Esteban+Zim%C3%A1nyi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUWtes499ZaUC%26pg%3DPA43&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gonzales2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gonzales2003_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMichael_L._Gonzales2003" class="citation book cs1">Michael L. Gonzales (25 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZepRMDSsf8C&amp;pg=PA214"><i>IBM Data Warehousing: with IBM Business Intelligence Tools</i></a>. John Wiley &amp; Sons. p.&#160;214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-45736-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-45736-7"><bdi>978-0-471-45736-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=IBM+Data+Warehousing%3A+with+IBM+Business+Intelligence+Tools&amp;rft.pages=214&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&amp;rft.date=2003-02-25&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-471-45736-7&amp;rft.au=Michael+L.+Gonzales&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ZepRMDSsf8C%26pg%3DPA214&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFC.J._Date2006" class="citation book cs1">C.J. Date (28 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWKClUCN2HYC&amp;pg=PA59"><i>The Relational Database Dictionary: A Comprehensive Glossary of Relational Terms and Concepts, with Illustrative Examples</i></a>. "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". p.&#160;59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-9115-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-9115-7"><bdi>978-1-4493-9115-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>. <q>materialized view[:] Deprecated term for a snapshot. [...] The problem is [...] that (as the definition indicates) snapshots have come to be known, at least in some circles, not as snapshots at all but as materialized views. But snapshots aren't views; views are virtual and snapshots aren't, and 'materialized view' is a contradiction in terms (at least as far as the model is concerned). Worse yet, the unqualified term <i>view</i> is often taken to mean a materialized view specifically, and thus we're in danger of no longer having a good term for a view in the original sense.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Relational+Database+Dictionary%3A+A+Comprehensive+Glossary+of+Relational+Terms+and+Concepts%2C+with+Illustrative+Examples&amp;rft.pages=59&amp;rft.pub=%22O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.%22&amp;rft.date=2006-08-28&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4493-9115-7&amp;rft.au=C.J.+Date&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWKClUCN2HYC%26pg%3DPA59&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~melody/courses/Fall2001CSCI379/DOC/server.815/a67775/ch2.htm">Oracle8i Tuning Release 8.1.5</a>. Ecst.csuchico.edu. Retrieved on 2012-02-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Materialized_Views">"Materialized Views - PostgreSQL wiki"</a>. <i>wiki.postgresql.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=wiki.postgresql.org&amp;rft.atitle=Materialized+Views+-+PostgreSQL+wiki&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.postgresql.org%2Fwiki%2FMaterialized_Views&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/sql-creatematerializedview.html">"CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW"</a>. <i>PostgreSQL Documentation</i>. 10 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PostgreSQL+Documentation&amp;rft.atitle=CREATE+MATERIALIZED+VIEW&amp;rft.date=2022-11-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.postgresql.org%2Fdocs%2F15%2Fsql-creatematerializedview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-refreshmaterializedview.html">"REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW"</a>. <i>PostgreSQL Documentation</i>. 13 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PostgreSQL+Documentation&amp;rft.atitle=REFRESH+MATERIALIZED+VIEW&amp;rft.date=2020-02-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.postgresql.org%2Fdocs%2Fcurrent%2Fsql-refreshmaterializedview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.kinetica.com/7.1/concepts/materialized_views/">"Materialized Views"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Materialized+Views&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.kinetica.com%2F7.1%2Fconcepts%2Fmaterialized_views%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://materialize.com/blog-cmudb/">"CMU DB Talk: Building Materialize"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=CMU+DB+Talk%3A+Building+Materialize&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaterialize.com%2Fblog-cmudb%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.singularity-data.com/blog/is-risingwave-the-next-apache-flink">"Is RisingWave the Next Apache Flink?"</a>. <i>www.singularity-data.com</i>. 28 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.singularity-data.com&amp;rft.atitle=Is+RisingWave+the+Next+Apache+Flink%3F&amp;rft.date=2022-04-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.singularity-data.com%2Fblog%2Fis-risingwave-the-next-apache-flink&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianywhere.com/developer/product_manuals/sqlanywhere/1000/en/html/dbugen10/ug-workingwdb-s-3142433.html">Materialized Views – Sybase SQL Anywhere</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091214083022/http://www.ianywhere.com/developer/product_manuals/sqlanywhere/1000/en/html/dbugen10/ug-workingwdb-s-3142433.html">Archived</a> 2009-12-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ianywhere.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sql/2005/impprfiv.mspx">Improving Performance with SQL Server 2005 Indexed Views</a>. Microsoft.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/operations/table_engines/materializedview/">ClickHouse Documentation MaterializedView</a>. Clickhouse.yandex. Retrieved on 2019-09-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shinguz.ch/MySQL/mysql_mv.html">Implementing materialized views in MySQL</a>. Shinguz.ch (2006-11-06). Retrieved on 2012-02-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://flexviews.sourceforge.net/index.html">Flexviews for MySQL – incrementally refreshable materialized views w/ MySQL</a>. Flexviews.sourceforge.net. Retrieved on 2012-02-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/release-notes#April_08_2020">"Release notes"</a>. Google.com. 8 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Release+notes&amp;rft.pub=Google.com&amp;rft.date=2020-04-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcloud.google.com%2Fbigquery%2Fdocs%2Frelease-notes%23April_08_2020&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaterialized+view" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/materialized-views-intro#monitoring_materialized_views">Google BigQuery Materialized Views documentation</a> Google.com Retrieved on 2020-05-20.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Materialized_view&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96567/repmview.htm">Materialized View Concepts and Architecture – Oracle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sqlsnippets.com/en/topic-12868.html">SQL Snippets: SQL Features Tutorials – Materialized Views – Oracle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96568/rarmviea.htm#94135">Oracle9i Replication Management API Reference Release 2 (9.2)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303073052/http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e17118/statements_6002.htm#SQLRF01302">Materialized Views in Oracle 11.2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103084125/http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dzichelp/v2r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.db2z10.doc.intro/src/tpc/db2z_typesoftables.htm">Materialized query tables in Db2</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coding-dude.com/wp/databases/creating-mysql-materialized-views/">Creating Materialized Views In MySQL</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datamaster.cloud/the-journey-of-data-optimization-a-story-of-materialized-views-in-e-commerce/">Optimizing Data with Materialized Views: An E-Commerce Story</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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