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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">2016–2017 video game voice actor strike</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American union strike</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/2024_SAG-AFTRA_video_game_strike" title="2024 SAG-AFTRA video game strike">2024 SAG-AFTRA video game strike</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">2016–17 video game voice actor strike</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">October 18, 2016 – September 23, 2017<br />(11 months and 5 days, or 340 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li>Failed contract renegotiation terms of Interactive Media Agreements</li><li>Voice actors not being allowed to earn <a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">residuals</a> for their work on video games</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li>Residuals given to voice actors for their work on video games</li><li>Transparency in what roles and conditions actors would perform</li><li>More safety precautions to avoid vocal stress</li><li>Better safety assurances for actors while on set</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Work_stoppage" class="mw-redirect" title="Work stoppage">Work stoppage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Picketing" title="Picketing">Picketing</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Resulted in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Tentative agreement reached on September 23, 2017; contract ratified on November 8, 2017</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> Publishing</li><li><a href="/wiki/Blindlight" title="Blindlight">Blindlight</a></li><li>Corps of Discovery Films</li><li><a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> Character Voices</li><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a></li><li>Formosa Interactive</li><li><a href="/wiki/Insomniac_Games" title="Insomniac Games">Insomniac Games</a></li><li>Interactive Associates</li><li><a href="/wiki/Take_2_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Take 2 Interactive">Take 2 Interactive</a></li><li>VoiceWorks Productions</li><li><a href="/wiki/WB_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="WB Games">WB Games</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Service strikes<br />in the United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1800s–1920s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newsboys%27_strike_of_1899" title="Newsboys' strike of 1899">Newsboys</a> 1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_New_York_City_waiters%27_strike" title="1912 New York City waiters' strike">NYC waiters</a> 1912</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Actors%27_Equity_Association_strike" title="1919 Actors' Equity Association strike">Actors</a> 1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_police_strike" title="Boston police strike">Boston police</a> 1919</li></ul> <dl><dt>1930s–1970s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Seattle_Post-Intelligencer_strike" title="1936 Seattle Post-Intelligencer strike">Seattle Post</a> 1936</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Fleischer_Studios_strike" title="1937 Fleischer Studios strike">Fleischer Studios</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_New_York_City_department_store_strikes" title="1937 New York City department store strikes">NYC retail</a> 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney_animators%27_strike" title="Disney animators' strike">Disney animators</a> 1941</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942%E2%80%931944_musicians%27_strike" title="1942–1944 musicians' strike">Musicians</a> 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Black_Friday" title="Hollywood Black Friday">Hollywood</a> 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1960 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Convention_Center_labor_dispute_of_1963" title="Cleveland Convention Center labor dispute of 1963">Cleveland convention</a> 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_University_strike_of_1966%E2%80%931967" title="St. John's University strike of 1966–1967">St. John's</a> 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg_sanitation_strike_of_1968" title="St. Petersburg sanitation strike of 1968">St. Petersburg sanitation</a> 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_New_York_City_teachers%27_strike" title="1968 New York City teachers' strike">NYC teachers</a> 1968</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1974_Baltimore_municipal_strike" title="1974 Baltimore municipal strike">Baltimore municipal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baltimore_police_strike" title="Baltimore police strike">police</a>) 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Atlanta_sanitation_strike" title="1977 Atlanta sanitation strike">Atlanta sanitation</a> 1977</li></ul> <dl><dt>1980s–2000s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1981_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1981 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1981</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="1988 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 1988</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_newspaper_strike_of_1994" title="San Francisco newspaper strike of 1994">SF newspaper</a> 1994</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_newspaper_strike_of_1995%E2%80%931997" title="Detroit newspaper strike of 1995–1997">Detroit newspaper</a> 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_strike_of_2000" title="Verizon strike of 2000">Verizon</a> 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Broadway_musicians_strike" title="2003 Broadway musicians strike">Broadway musicians</a> 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California_supermarket_strike_of_2003%E2%80%932004" title="Southern California supermarket strike of 2003–2004">CA supermarkets</a> 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami_Justice_for_Janitors_campaign" title="University of Miami Justice for Janitors campaign">UM Janitors</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Minor_League_Baseball_umpire_strike" title="2006 Minor League Baseball umpire strike">Umpires</a> 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Broadway_stagehand_strike" title="2007 Broadway stagehand strike">Stagehands</a> 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_CBS_News_writers_strike" title="2007–2008 CBS News writers strike">CBS News</a> 2007</li></ul> <dl><dt>2010s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_public_employee_protests" title="2011 United States public employee protests">Government</a> (<a href="/wiki/2011_Wisconsin_protests" title="2011 Wisconsin protests">Wisconsin</a>) 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fight_for_$15" title="Fight for $15">Fight for $15</a> 2012–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Tacoma_nurses%27_strike" title="2014 Tacoma nurses' strike">Tacoma nurses</a> 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_strike_of_2016" title="Verizon strike of 2016">Verizon</a> 2016</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Video games</a> 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_education_workers%27_strikes_in_the_United_States" title="2018–2019 education workers' strikes in the United States">Teachers</a> (<a href="/wiki/2018_Arizona_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Arizona teachers' strike">AZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Colorado_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Colorado teachers' strike">CO</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019_Los_Angeles_Unified_School_District_teachers%27_strike" title="2019 Los Angeles Unified School District teachers' strike">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Carolina_teachers%27_walkout" title="2018 North Carolina teachers' walkout">NC</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_Oklahoma_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 Oklahoma teachers' strike">OK</a>, <a href="/wiki/2018_West_Virginia_teachers%27_strike" title="2018 West Virginia teachers' strike">WV</a>) 2018–2019</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Marriott_Hotels_strike" title="2018 Marriott Hotels strike">Hotels</a> 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Stop_%26_Shop_strike" title="2019 Stop & Shop strike">Stop & Shop</a> 2019</li></ul> <dl><dt>2020s</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Santa_Cruz_graduate_students%27_strike" title="2020 Santa Cruz graduate students' strike">UC Santa Cruz</a> 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_University_of_California_academic_workers%27_strike" title="2022 University of California academic workers' strike">University of California</a> 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Medieval_Times_strike" title="2023 Medieval Times strike">Medieval Times</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Writers_Guild_of_America_strike" title="2023 Writers Guild of America strike">Writers Guild</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_SAG-AFTRA_strike" title="2023 SAG-AFTRA strike">SAG-AFTRA</a> 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_SAG-AFTRA_video_game_strike" title="2024 SAG-AFTRA video game strike">Video games</a> 2024</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>From October 2016 to September 2017, <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a>, representing video game voice actors, went <a href="/wiki/On_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="On strike">on strike</a> against American video game companies over failed contract renegotiation terms of the Interactive Media Agreements that had been in discussion since February 2015. The union sought to have actors, voice actors, and <a href="/wiki/Motion-capture_acting" title="Motion-capture acting">motion-capture actors</a> who contribute to video games be better compensated with <a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">residuals</a> based on video game sales atop their existing recording payments; the game companies asserted that the industry as a whole eschews the use of residuals, and by giving the actors these, they would trivialize the efforts of the developers who are "most responsible" for the development of the games. In exchange, the companies had offered a fixed increase in rates and a sliding-scale upfront bonus for multiple recording sessions, which the union had rejected. Other issues highlighted by the strike include better transparency in what roles and conditions actors would perform, more safety precautions and oversight to avoid vocal stress for certain roles, and better safety assurances for actors while on set. </p><p>Actors within the union used both physical and virtual picketing to make the public aware of their complaints, and gained support from the <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">British Actors' Equity Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/ACTRA" title="ACTRA">Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists</a>, the Australian <a href="/wiki/Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance" title="Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance">Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance</a>, and Equity New Zealand, who requested that their members not take any of the acting work that was open due to the striking actors. It was the first such unionized strike in the video game industry. Due to the commonly long development period for video games, the strike's impact on the industry was initially expected to be felt for years. </p><p>A deal between SAG-AFTRA and the companies was reached on September 23, 2017, effectively ending the strike after 340 days, making it the longest strike in the union's history. The agreement was ratified by SAG-AFTRA's board of directors and approved by majority vote in November 2017, creating a new three-year contract. The deal was praised by some but largely criticized by voice actors, who felt that the union conceded too much to the video game companies in order to accept a pay rise for actors and pointed out that the agreement did not include residuals or any specific terms in regards to the issue of vocal stress. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around a quarter of video games use some type of acting, either as live actors for <a href="/wiki/Full_motion_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Full motion video">full motion video</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voice_actors" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice actors">voice actors</a>, or stunt actors for <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_vg_start_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_vg_start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the video game industry became more financially successful in the early 2010s and video game hardware became more ubiquitous in households, many video game developers and publishers started to bring in well-recognized actors from avenues such as film and television for recording lines or footage for video games. Obtaining recognized actors for games can help to sell the title and generate potential promotional leads from non-traditional channels, such as having that actor promote the game while on <a href="/wiki/Talk_show" title="Talk show">talk shows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the United States, several of these actors are members of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a> (SAG) or <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Television_and_Radio_Artists" title="American Federation of Television and Radio Artists">American Federation of Television and Radio Artists</a> (AFTRA), which merged into SAG-AFTRA in October 2012. The merged union has around 165,000 members as of 2016, with about 6,000 members that perform regularly for video games.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_term_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw_term-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as the 1990s, these unions had developed Interactive Media Agreements with the video game industry to set standard rates for a typical four-hour recording session;<sup id="cite_ref-hwr_streaming_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwr_streaming-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2005, this was about <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">$</a>759,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> increasing to about $800–825 in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are considered as minimum assured rates, but actors are free to negotiate higher rates with the game's developer or publisher.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of video games use non-union actors, with <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline</a> estimating in 2016 that a quarter of games are union projects, with more established actors working on games.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes_strike_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes_strike-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-deadline_vg_start_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_vg_start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike other entertainment media such as film or television, video game voice actors are not paid <a href="/wiki/Residual_(entertainment_industry)" title="Residual (entertainment industry)">residuals</a> or secondary compensation based on the success of a game.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of this is related to the relative age of the video game industry, which only recently has been seen to be as successful as film or television; in 2005, the video game industry was worth about $11 billion, while the film industry drew in over $100 billion. As such, demanding residuals at that time was not seen as a necessary benefit to the actors.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many actors had additional jobs in other entertainment sectors besides video games, and receiving residuals was not critical for them to make a living.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video games were also rarely promoted to emphasize the actors behind the characters, unlike television and film, as consumers were unlikely to be directed towards purchasing a game based on its selection of actors.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, the video game industry itself is not as profitable as large growth numbers suggest, as much of the money earned by a sales or title is spent to offset the already-spent costs of having a large team of programmers and artists to develop the game.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The video game industry has grown quickly since 2005, with projections that it would become a $100 billion industry by 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 2008, discussions and arguments from the actors' unions stated that the video game industry should pay residuals on sales to actors, seeking equality with other entertainment industries with the potential for a strike action if the industry did not agree.<sup id="cite_ref-polygon_residuals_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polygon_residuals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_2008_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More pay was negotiated in June 2005 and informing actors of "vocally stressful work" was negotiated in October 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hollick" title="Michael Hollick">Michael Hollick</a> stated that he had only been paid about $100,000 for voicing <a href="/wiki/Niko_Bellic" title="Niko Bellic">Niko Bellic</a>, the main character of <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_IV" title="Grand Theft Auto IV">Grand Theft Auto IV</a></i> (2008), which earned than $600 million within its first three weeks of release.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_2008_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this discussion, SAG-AFTRA and the industry negotiated continuations on the Interactive Media Agreement without the inclusion of residuals; in the most recent successful negotiation, to extend the Interactive Media Agreement through 2014, the two sides agreed to account for additional session fees for actors in games designed for <a href="/wiki/Cloud_gaming" title="Cloud gaming">cloud gaming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hwr_streaming_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwr_streaming-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2015–2016_negotiations"><span id="2015.E2.80.932016_negotiations"></span>2015–2016 negotiations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2015–2016 negotiations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the Interactive Media Agreement to expire by the end of 2014, SAG-AFTRA and representatives of the video game industry began negotiating new agreement terms in late 2014. The parties had not come to an agreement when the Agreement expired, but the union members agreed to continue to provide acting work at the existing rates in good faith while negotiations continued. Meetings were held between parties in February and June 2015. At these meetings, the SAG-AFTRA representatives started pushing for inclusion of residual payments, stating that the video game industry now has the ability to pay such residuals because it "has grown, boomed and morphed into something bigger and lucrative than any other segment of the entertainment industry, and it continues to do so".<sup id="cite_ref-variety_sept15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_sept15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union sought "performance bonuses" that would earn actors an additional $825 for each session they did on a game for every 2 million copies of that game sold, up to 8 million copies.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_sept15_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_sept15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lamag_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lamag-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry stated they were concerned that this type of payment structure would be financially harmful.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_oct202016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_oct202016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The union was also concerned for actors involved in "vocally stressful" roles, and sought to have similar restrictions on session time and foreknowledge that one would give for stunt acting.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_sept15_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_sept15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around June 2016, SAG-AFTRA sent a letter co-signed by several of its members to the California division of the <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA) requesting them to investigate health and safety issues related to the "vocally stressful" roles, citing several members who had developed vocal cord damage while recording screams and shouts for video games. The union specifically asked the division to evaluate these injuries resulting "voice acting in video games due to employers pushing too hard or not providing adequate safety measures".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union said that they do not want to force new OSHA-driven regulations on the industry but considered this as a point of last resort if the video game industry did not help alleviate this situation.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_va_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_va-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third point of negotiation arose from transparency aspects for voice actor roles, an element that comes from the industry's background in the technology sector. Video game companies had relied on the same type of secrecy that high tech firms use, enforced by strict <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a>, and do not want to have details of future games be presented to potential actors before they have committed to the part. These companies generally feared that leaks of seemingly trivial details from voice actors from a yet-announced or yet-published game can create a significant impact via <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, and could lead to competitors in the industry beating a company to market with their own product.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_va_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_va-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after actors have accepted their part, they may not have been told any details outside fundamental aspects of the character they are to voice or perform as, and with auditions and recording sessions that occur through email and remote communications, the actors could not inquire about the role, leaving them unprepared.<sup id="cite_ref-vice_2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice_2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj_va_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_va-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation left actors unclear about the role they are expected to perform until they were on the job, which created issues if the role required "vocally stressful" situations.<sup id="cite_ref-vice_2016_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice_2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, voice actors were not told what game they have performed for, only to discover their involvement after a game is published, making it difficult to maintain a professional resume for other gigs.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_va_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_va-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union sought to have the video game industry provide sufficient details to actors about their parts without having to sacrifice their secrecy, so that actors can better negotiate terms of their contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_va_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj_va-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By September 2015, SAG-AFTRA considered the negotiations to not go well, finding the industry's demands untenable, and proceeded to have its members vote for a strike authorization.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_sept15_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_sept15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union members agreed to authorize a strike by a 96% margin in October 2015, giving the SAG-AFTRA negotiators a bargaining chip to use during further discussions with the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Negotiations continued into 2016. Alongside the main negotiations for the Interactive Media Agreement renewal, SAG-AFTRA had started discussions to craft a special "low budget" agreement for union voice actors, defined for games with less than a $250,000 production budget, such as most <a href="/wiki/Independent_video_game_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent video game development">indie games</a>. The terms of this agreement addressed similar points as the broader Interactive Media Agreement negotiations, including dealing with "vocally stressful" roles, and would offer performance bonuses for every 500,000 units sold, up to 2 million units.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By October 2016, the two sides had agreed to a 9% increase in the base session fee, but still stood at odds on the issues of residuals. While SAG-AFTRA still offered their session payment plan based on copies sold, the video game industry offered an up-front sliding-scale bonus based on how many sessions that actor performed for the game, starting at $50 for a single session and up to $950 for eight or more sessions. This bonus would be paid upfront to actors in lieu of the residuals.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_oct202016_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_oct202016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysts believed that for a profitable video game (one exceeding $2 million in revenue or more), the financial terms of both SAG-AFTRA's and the industry's plans were nearly on financial equity.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_term_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw_term-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the negotiations broke down because of how this performance bonus was to be written into the contract. SAG-AFTRA wanted to call their payments approach as "residual <a href="/wiki/Buyout" title="Buyout">buyout</a>", thus fulfilling their goal to obtain some type of residual payment to its members. The industry balked at this characterization, pointing out that the programmers and artists behind the games do not receive such residuals.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw_term_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw_term-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott Witlin, a Barnes & Thornburg lawyer negotiating for the video game companies, stated that the work provided by actors "represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game" and thus their demands were excessive.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_vg_start_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr_vg_start-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry also feared that by writing the language of "residuals" into the contract, it would give the union more ability to demand a more traditional residual payment structure during the next contract negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_vg_start_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_vg_start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAG-AFTRA considered that the industry's approach was a "freeloader model of compensation", and did not consider it suitable for its members.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_vg_start_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_vg_start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disagreement has been characterized by some as hinging on the single word "residuals";<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_oct202016_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_oct202016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as described by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Handel" title="Jonathan Handel">Jonathan Handel</a>, the language of how "residuals" is presented is critical, as it is "a must-have for the union and a <a href="/wiki/Camel%27s_nose" title="Camel's nose">camel's-nose-under-the-tent</a> deal-breaker for the companies".<sup id="cite_ref-hwr_nov2016_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwr_nov2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016–2017_strike"><span id="2016.E2.80.932017_strike"></span>2016–2017 strike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2016–2017 strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With failure to come to agreement on this language, SAG-AFTRA used the previous authorization from its membership to issue a strike on October 21, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_vg_start_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_vg_start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the residual payment issue, SAG-AFTRA said that the strike also related to transparency in the voice actor hiring processes so that actors are aware of what types of roles and performances they are to be hired for, issues related to the "vocally stressful" roles, and having more safety precautions while actors were on-set.<sup id="cite_ref-hwr_nov2016_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwr_nov2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-npr_vg_start_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr_vg_start-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strike action targeted 11 companies: <a href="/wiki/Activision" title="Activision">Activision</a> Publishing, <a href="/wiki/Blindlight" title="Blindlight">Blindlight</a>, Corps of Discovery Films, <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> Character Voices, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a>, Formosa Interactive, <a href="/wiki/Insomniac_Games" title="Insomniac Games">Insomniac Games</a>, Interactive Associates, <a href="/wiki/Take_2_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Take 2 Interactive">Take 2 Interactive</a>, VoiceWorks Productions, and <a href="/wiki/WB_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="WB Games">WB Games</a>. The strike sought repayment and resolution for all voice actor work in games that started production after February 17, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_vg_start_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_vg_start-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 11 officially struck companies, Interactive Associates have not released a game in recent years and was dissolved in 2002, and Corps of Discovery Films have not released a game since 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAG-AFTRA's strike was supported by the <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93CIO" class="mw-redirect" title="AFL–CIO">American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity_Association" title="Actors' Equity Association">Actors' Equity Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">British Actors' Equity Association</a>, the <a href="/wiki/ACTRA" title="ACTRA">Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists</a> (ACTRA), the Australian <a href="/wiki/Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance" title="Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance">Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance</a>, and Equity New Zealand, who requested that their members not take any of the acting work that was open due to the striking actors.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_afl-cio_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_afl-cio-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voice actors that have spoken in favor of the union and the strike include <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Hale" title="Jennifer Hale">Jennifer Hale</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hayter" title="David Hayter">David Hayter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elias_Toufexis" title="Elias Toufexis">Elias Toufexis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_LaMarr" title="Phil LaMarr">Phil LaMarr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wil_Wheaton" title="Wil Wheaton">Wil Wheaton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first picket began on October 24, 2016 in <a href="/wiki/Playa_Vista,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Playa Vista, California">Playa Vista, California</a> against Electronic Arts. Additional picketing lines occurred at the Los Angeles headquarters for WB Games and Insomniac Games over the month of November.<sup id="cite_ref-hwr_nov2016_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwr_nov2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These picket lines were joined by members of the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">American Federation of Musicians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America" title="Writers Guild of America">Writers Guild of America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Theatrical_Stage_Employees" title="International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees">International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Teamsters" title="International Brotherhood of Teamsters">International Brotherhood of Teamsters</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNITE_HERE" title="UNITE HERE">UNITE HERE</a>, and drew between 300 and 400 people each.<sup id="cite_ref-hwr_nov2016_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hwr_nov2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 500 people participated in a rally march from the SAG-AFTRA headquarters to a park near the <a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Tar_Pits" title="La Brea Tar Pits">La Brea Tar Pits</a> to support the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_20170202_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_20170202-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to physical picketing of the various industry companies, SAG-AFTRA encouraged its members to use virtual picketing by engaging with their fans on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and other social media under the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a>, "#PerformanceMatters".<sup id="cite_ref-deadline_nov2016_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deadline_nov2016-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the strike, the affected companies launched a website to inform the SAG-AFTRA members and the public what the state of negotiations were to demonstrate that they were trying to bargain but had been refused by the union. On this site, the companies stated that their proposed payments would be an upfront system and guaranteed regardless of how well a video game sold, making it a better deal for actors. They also noted that they had agreed to terms to split "vocally stressful" sessions from four-hour blocks into two two-hour ones, as long as actors could complete both within a week, but this proposal was rejected by the union.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The companies further criticized the union for not bringing its proposed offers to a vote to its members before calling the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-variety_afl-cio_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-variety_afl-cio-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union attorneys demanded the public relations firm <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singer_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singer Associates (page does not exist)">Singer Associates</a>, which set up the website on behalf of the game companies, to stop using their trademarks, citing potential confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of 2016, it was unclear how much of an effect the strike had on the video game industry, as none of the companies struck had reported delays of upcoming titles due to the lack of voice actors. SAG-AFTRA noted that they had only targeted strike actions against a subset of the industry, and other publishers and developers would not be affected by their action.<sup id="cite_ref-vice_2016_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice_2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Union president <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Carteris" title="Gabrielle Carteris">Gabrielle Carteris</a> said that with the production time cycle for video games, immediate effects of the strike would not be easily seen, anticipating the strike to last for a long time. In the interim, they are working to craft amenable contracts with other developers and producers that they have not struck.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 2017, SAG-AFTRA stated that it had already signed twenty other companies for thirty games under their alternate contract for low-production titles, with "new deals are being signed every week".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the first reported effects of the strike was the prequel <i><a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Strange:_Before_the_Storm" title="Life Is Strange: Before the Storm">Life Is Strange: Before the Storm</a></i>, which had its first episode released on August 31, 2017. Actress <a href="/wiki/Ashly_Burch" title="Ashly Burch">Ashly Burch</a>, a member of SAG-AFTRA who voiced <a href="/wiki/Chloe_Price" title="Chloe Price">Chloe Price</a> in <a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Strange_(video_game)" title="Life Is Strange (video game)">the original game</a>, was unable to reprise her voice role due to the strike and was replaced by Rhianna DeVries; she remained onboard to consult on the character for the game.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with the strike concluded, Burch was able to return to voice Chloe in an additional episode for <i>Before the Storm</i> produced after the strike's resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a separate case, <a href="/wiki/Giant_Sparrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant Sparrow">Giant Sparrow</a> had approached filmmaker <a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a> to provide narrative voice work for a section of <i><a href="/wiki/What_Remains_of_Edith_Finch" title="What Remains of Edith Finch">What Remains of Edith Finch</a></i>, modeled after Carpenter's <i><a href="/wiki/Tales_from_the_Crypt_(comics)" title="Tales from the Crypt (comics)">Tales from the Crypt</a></i>. The strike prevented Carpenter from participating in this manner, so he instead allowed the studio to license his iconic <i><a href="/wiki/Halloween_(1978_film)" title="Halloween (1978 film)">Halloween</a></i> theme for the section.<sup id="cite_ref-pcgamer_making_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcgamer_making-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a> reported some game developers were critical of the actors' demands in relation to their work compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also caused accusations between actors, with <a href="/wiki/Felicia_Day" title="Felicia Day">Felicia Day</a> calling DeVries a "<a href="/wiki/Scab_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Scab labor">scab</a>" in a <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweet</a> that she later deleted. <a href="/wiki/PCGamesN" title="PCGamesN">PCGamesN</a> noted that Burch did not resent the producers as she still worked on the game as a story consultant.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the first such organized strike within the video game industry and the first voice actor strike in 17 years, as well as the first strike within the merged SAG-AFTRA organization. As of April 26, 2017, it is the longest strike within SAG, surpassing both the 95-day <a href="/wiki/Strike_and_Emmy_Awards_boycott_of_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike and Emmy Awards boycott of 1980">1980 Emmy Awards strike</a>, as well as the 180-day <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild#The_commercials_strike_of_2000" title="Screen Actors Guild">2000 commercials strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other members of SAG-AFTRA, and other entertainment workers' unions, looked to the voice actor strike as a possible point in their favor during pending contract renegotiations, in light of how many entertainment industries are transitioning towards digital and streaming media; notably, the main SAG-AFTRA contract for film and television industries is due to expire in June 2017, and the solidarity behind the video game voice actors could be used as leverage in these negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SAG-AFTRA and the film and television producers were able to reach a negotiated agreement for new terms in early July, preventing a possible strike action.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The video game industry itself has not had any type of trade union concept due to its origins in the tech sector and the <a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">white-collar</a> nature of the industry, though there have been some efforts towards forming such unions. The voice actor strike had reengaged discussions about unionization of video game programmers and developers.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2017_agreement">2017 agreement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2017 agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 23, 2017, SAG-AFTRA and the video game companies came to an agreement, effectively ending the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement crafted a new three-year contract with the companies to start after ratification by SAG-AFTRA's board of directors, expected to occur within a few weeks from the agreement. The agreement does not include residuals as SAG-AFTRA sought for, but does include a sliding-scale bonus payment for each recording session a voice actor participates in, starting at $75 for the first session, up to $2,100 for ten or more sessions. Keythe Farley, the chair of the SAG-AFTRA negotiations committee, said that these payments "are significantly larger now than what we had 11 months ago" and praised the new structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Deadline_end_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadline_end-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video game companies must provide additional transparencies for roles voice actors are to perform under the new terms; while they do not need to name the game or character to maintain confidentiality when offering roles, companies must provide actors with project code names, gameplay genre, if the work is based on an existing franchise or character, and whether the work will include profanity, racial slurs, obscure technology terms, sexual or violent content, or physical stunts.<sup id="cite_ref-Deadline_end_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadline_end-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement also will have SAG-AFTRA and the video game companies continue to work on addressing issues related to vocal stress within recording sessions.<sup id="cite_ref-Deadline_end_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadline_end-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Voice actors expressed several concerns with the agreement, believing SAG-AFTRA conceded too much to the video game companies. Predominantly, the failure to negotiate a residual payment model was cited as an issue. Actors and some video game producers believe that without a residual-type payment system, the current approach keeps participation in the video game industry extremely different from other traditional forms of media.<sup id="cite_ref-poly_post-strike_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poly_post-strike-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also of concern was the fact that the agreement contained no specific terms in regards to the vocal stress aspects of the union's complaint. Given the proliferation of struck studios readily using non-union voice actors at higher rates than their union terms during the strike, many guild members feared that SAG-AFTRA was not sufficiently committed to supporting voice actors in the video game industry, which comprise a small portion of the union's total membership.<sup id="cite_ref-poly_post-strike_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poly_post-strike-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tentative agreement was approved unanimously by SAG-AFTRA's board of directors on October 9, 2017, sending the issue to member vote. The vote was completed on November 7, 2017, and 90% of the 10% that voted approved the agreement. A new three-year agreement subsequently went into effect on November 8, 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement was extended for a further two years in 2020 to November 2022,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then extended an additional year into 2023. During the <a href="/wiki/2023_SAG-AFTRA_strike" title="2023 SAG-AFTRA strike">2023 SAG-AFTRA strike</a> which initially impacted film and television, the union voted to authorize another potential strike action against the video game industry ahead of the renewed voice acting contract negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 26, 2024, SAG-AFTRA would once again go on strike against major video game developers, this time due to concerns about the use of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> (AI).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&rft.atitle=SAG-AFTRA+extends+video+game+voice+acting+contract+to+November+2022&rft.date=2020-11-05&rft.aulast=McAloon&rft.aufirst=Alissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Fnews%2F373234%2FSAGAFTRA_extends_video_game_voice_acting_contract_to_November_2022.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobb2023" class="citation web cs1">Robb, David (September 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2023/09/sag-aftra-approve-strike-video-game-industry-1235555756/">"SAG-AFTRA Members Vote Overwhelmingly To Authorize Strike Against Video Game Industry"</a>. <i>Deadline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926021715/https://deadline.com/2023/09/sag-aftra-approve-strike-video-game-industry-1235555756/">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=SAG-AFTRA+is+holding+a+vote+to+potentially+strike+against+major+videogame+publishers&rft.date=2023-09-03&rft.aulast=Litchfield&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fsag-aftra-is-holding-a-vote-to-potentially-strike-against-major-videogame-publishers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sagaftra.org/videogamestrike">"SAG-AFTRA Members Who Work on Video Games Go on Strike; A.I. Protections Remain the Sticking Point"</a>. SAG AFTRA. July 26, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SAG-AFTRA+Members+Who+Work+on+Video+Games+Go+on+Strike%3B+A.I.+Protections+Remain+the+Sticking+Point&rft.date=2024-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sagaftra.org%2Fvideogamestrike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParvini2024" class="citation news cs1">Parvini, Sarah (July 26, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/sagaftra-video-game-performers-ai-strike-4f4c7d846040c24553dbc2604e5b6034">"Video game performers will go on strike over artificial intelligence concerns"</a>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Video+game+performers+will+go+on+strike+over+artificial+intelligence+concerns&rft.date=2024-07-26&rft.aulast=Parvini&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fsagaftra-video-game-performers-ai-strike-4f4c7d846040c24553dbc2604e5b6034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E2%80%932017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠvelchŠvelch2020" class="citation journal cs1">Švelch, Jan; Švelch, Jaroslav (October 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1527476420962784">"Recasting Life Is Strange : Video Game Voice Acting during the 2016–2017 SAG-AFTRA Strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Television_%26_New_Media" title="Television & New Media">Television & New Media</a></i>. <b>23</b> (1): 44–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1527476420962784">10.1177/1527476420962784</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225141051">225141051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Television+%26+New+Media&rft.atitle=Recasting+Life+Is+Strange+%3A+Video+Game+Voice+Acting+during+the+2016%E2%80%932017+SAG-AFTRA+Strike&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-60&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1527476420962784&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225141051%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=%C5%A0velch&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=%C5%A0velch%2C+Jaroslav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F1527476420962784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutter2016" class="citation web cs1">Futter, Mike (January 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610105248/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2016/01/06/the-potential-sag-aftra--voice-actor-strike-explained.aspx">"The Potential Voice Actor Strike Explained"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2016/01/06/the-potential-sag-aftra--voice-actor-strike-explained.aspx">the original</a> on June 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Potential+Voice+Actor+Strike+Explained&rft.pub=Game+Informer&rft.date=2016-01-09&rft.aulast=Futter&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameinformer.com%2Fb%2Ffeatures%2Farchive%2F2016%2F01%2F06%2Fthe-potential-sag-aftra--voice-actor-strike-explained.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sagaftra.org/files/strike_notice_1.pdf">"Official strike bulletin"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/SAG-AFTRA" title="SAG-AFTRA">SAG-AFTRA</a>. October 16, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+strike+bulletin&rft.pub=SAG-AFTRA&rft.date=2016-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sagaftra.org%2Ffiles%2Fstrike_notice_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030044625/http://sagaftravideogames.com/live/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Comparison-Chart-10.27.16.pdf">"Comparison Chart"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Video Game Companies</i>. October 18, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sagaftravideogames.com/live/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Comparison-Chart-10.27.16.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Video+Game+Companies&rft.atitle=Comparison+Chart&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsagaftravideogames.com%2Flive%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F10%2FComparison-Chart-10.27.16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2016%E2%80%932017+video+game+voice+actor+strike" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016–2017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&oldid=1253466712">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2016–2017_video_game_voice_actor_strike&oldid=1253466712</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_industry_labor_disputes" title="Category:Video game industry labor disputes">Video game industry labor disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2010s_strikes_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2010s strikes in the United States">2010s strikes in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2016_labor_disputes_and_strikes" title="Category:2016 labor disputes and strikes">2016 labor disputes and strikes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Entertainment_industry_labor_disputes_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Entertainment industry labor disputes in the United States">Entertainment industry labor disputes in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_industry" title="Category:Video game industry">Video game industry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2017_labor_disputes_and_strikes" title="Category:2017 labor disputes and strikes">2017 labor disputes and strikes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:SAG-AFTRA_strikes" title="Category:SAG-AFTRA strikes">SAG-AFTRA strikes</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2017" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2017">Use mdy dates from June 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 October 2024, at 03:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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