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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracia_cosmopolita" title="Democracia cosmopolita – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Democracia cosmopolita" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi_kosmopolitan" title="Demokrasi kosmopolitan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Demokrasi kosmopolitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrazia_cosmopolita" title="Democrazia cosmopolita – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Democrazia cosmopolita" data-language-autonym="Italiano" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Cosmopolitan democracy</b> is a political theory which explores the application of norms and values of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> at the transnational and global sphere.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It argues that <a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">global governance</a> of the people, by the people, for the people is possible and needed. Writers advocating cosmopolitan democracy include <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/David_Held" title="David Held">David Held</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi" title="Daniele Archibugi">Daniele Archibugi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Falk" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Falk">Richard Falk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kaldor" title="Mary Kaldor">Mary Kaldor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the cosmopolitan democracy model, decisions are made by those affected, avoiding a single hierarchical form of authority. According to the nature of the issues at stake, democratic practice should be reinvented to take into account the will of stakeholders. This can be done either through direct participation or through elected representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The model advocated by cosmopolitan democrats is confederal and decentralized—<a href="/wiki/Global_governance" title="Global governance">global governance</a> without <a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">world government</a>—unlike those models of global governance supported by classic <a href="/wiki/World_Federalism" title="World Federalism">World Federalism</a> thinkers, such as <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>. </p><p>In 2021, a <a href="/wiki/Global_Assembly" title="Global Assembly">global citizen's assembly</a> was organised to coincide with <a href="/wiki/COP26" class="mw-redirect" title="COP26">COP26</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> in October–November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the first body that can claim to democratically represent the wishes of the global population. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_development">Origin and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitan_democracy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The victory of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracies#Liberal_democracies_around_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal democracies">Western liberal states</a> ending the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> inspired the hope that <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> could be guided by the ideals of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>. In the early 1990s, a group of thinkers developed the political project of cosmopolitan democracy with the aim of providing intellectual arguments in favour of an expansion of democracy, both within states and at the global level. While some significant successes have been achieved in terms of democratization within states, much less has been attained in democratizing the global system. </p><p>In different forms, the necessity to expand democratic procedures beyond the nation-state has been supported by political philosopher <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sociologist <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Beck" title="Ulrich Beck">Ulrich Beck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Criticisms of cosmopolitan democracy have come from <a href="/wiki/Political_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political realism">realist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">marxist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Communitarian">communitarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multicultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Multicultural">multicultural</a> perspectives. Democratic theorist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dahl" title="Robert Dahl">Robert Dahl</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has expressed his doubts about the possibility of expanding democracy in international organizations to any significant degree, as he believes that democracy diminishes with size. Opponents of Dahl's approach point to the fact that bigger countries are not necessarily less democratic. For example, there is no correlation between voters' turnout and population size; in fact it is smallest in countries with fewer than 100,000 citizens. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_programme">Political programme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitan_democracy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea of cosmopolitan democracy has been advocated with reference to the reform of international organizations. This includes the institution of the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>, a directly elected <a href="/wiki/World_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="World Parliament">World Parliament</a> or world assembly of governments, and more widely the democratization of <a href="/wiki/International_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="International organizations">international organizations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of cosmopolitan democracy have been sceptical about the effectiveness of military interventions, even when they are apparently motivated by <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_intervention" title="Humanitarian intervention">humanitarian intentions</a>. They have instead suggested popular <a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">diplomacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">arms control</a>. </p><p>According to a 2019 study, global democracy would neither lead to an increase in dissatisfaction with policy outcomes nor an increase in persistent minorities relative to the status quo.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitan_democracy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarchetti2011" class="citation book cs1">Marchetti, Raffaele (2011). "Cosmopolitan Democracy". <i>Encyclopedia of Global Justice</i>. pp. 201–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-9160-5_81">10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_81</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9159-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9159-9"><bdi>978-1-4020-9159-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cosmopolitan+Democracy&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Global+Justice&rft.pages=201-202&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4020-9160-5_81&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-9159-9&rft.aulast=Marchetti&rft.aufirst=Raffaele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosmopolitan+democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Immanuel Kant, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.org/kant/perpeace.htm"><i>Immanuel Kant, To perpetual peace: a philosophical sketch</i></a>, Hackett Publishing, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniele Archibugi & David Held, eds., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745613819"><i>Cosmopolitan Democracy. An Agenda for a New World Order</i></a>, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polity.co.uk/book.asp?ref=9780745600567">David Held, <i>Democracy and the Global Order</i></a>, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi" title="Daniele Archibugi">Daniele Archibugi</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8737.html"><i>The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, Princeton, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibugiHeld2011" class="citation journal cs1">Archibugi, Daniele; Held, David (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0892679411000360">"Cosmopolitan Democracy: Paths and Agents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ethics_%26_International_Affairs" title="Ethics & International Affairs">Ethics & International Affairs</a></i>. <b>25</b> (4): 433–461. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0892679411000360">10.1017/S0892679411000360</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethics+%26+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Cosmopolitan+Democracy%3A+Paths+and+Agents&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=433-461&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0892679411000360&rft.aulast=Archibugi&rft.aufirst=Daniele&rft.au=Held%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0892679411000360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosmopolitan+democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Falk, <i>On Humane Governance</i>, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Kaldor, <i>New and Old Wars</i>, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniele Archibugi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danielearchibugi.org/downloads/papers/Principles">Principles of Cosmopolitan Democracy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224922/http://www.danielearchibugi.org/downloads/papers/Principles">Archived</a> 2013-12-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2021" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Harvey" title="Fiona Harvey">Harvey, Fiona</a> (5 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/oct/05/global-citizens-assembly-to-be-chosen-for-un-climate-talks">"Global citizens' assembly to be chosen for UN climate talks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Global+citizens%27+assembly+to+be+chosen+for+UN+climate+talks&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Foct%2F05%2Fglobal-citizens-assembly-to-be-chosen-for-un-climate-talks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosmopolitan+democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jürgen Habermas, <i>The Post-National Constellation</i>, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ulrich Beck, <i>World Risk Society</i>, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Dahl, Can International Organizations be Democratic?, in Ian Shapiro and Casiano Hacker-Cordón (eds) (1999) <i>Democracy's Edges</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For an attempt to identify the political forces acting in favour of cosmopolitan democracy and the issues to be addressed, see <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Archibugi" title="Daniele Archibugi">Daniele Archibugi</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Held" title="David Held">David Held</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.danielearchibugi.org/downloads/papers/Archibugi_Held_CD%20Paths%20and%20Ways.pdf">Cosmopolitan Democracy: Paths and Agents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000857/http://www.danielearchibugi.org/downloads/papers/Archibugi_Held_CD%20Paths%20and%20Ways.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Ethics & International Affairs</i>, 25, no. 4 (2011), pp. 433-461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaleKoenig-Archibugi2018" class="citation journal cs1">Hale, Thomas; Koenig-Archibugi, Mathias (2018-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/700106">"Could Global Democracy Satisfy Diverse Policy Values? An Empirical Analysis"</a>. <i>The Journal of Politics</i>. <b>81</b> (1): 112–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F700106">10.1086/700106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3816">0022-3816</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158241234">158241234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Could+Global+Democracy+Satisfy+Diverse+Policy+Values%3F+An+Empirical+Analysis&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=112-126&rft.date=2018-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158241234%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-3816&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F700106&rft.aulast=Hale&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Koenig-Archibugi%2C+Mathias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1086%2F700106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosmopolitan+democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitan_democracy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725220629/http://www.danielearchibugi.org/downloads/papers/CD_and_critics_A_review.pdf">Cosmopolitan Democracy and its Critics: A Review</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polity.co.uk/global/">The Global Transformations Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100914211939/http://globaldemo.org/en/organisations">List of Global Democracy Initiatives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitan_democracy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_mundialization" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic mundialization">Democratic mundialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="United Nations Parliamentary Assembly">United Nations Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">World government</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output 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