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<span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heavy_power_plant_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_power_plant_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Heavy power plant transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_power_plant_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volga–Baltic_Canal_improvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volga–Baltic_Canal_improvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Volga–Baltic Canal improvement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volga–Baltic_Canal_improvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Volga–Baltic Waterway</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7-_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%82" title="الممر المائي فولغا- بلطيق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الممر المائي فولغا- بلطيق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volqa-Baltik_su_yolu" title="Volqa-Baltik su yolu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volqa-Baltik su yolu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Волго-балтийски канал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волго-балтийски канал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Baltic_Waterway" title="Volga-Baltic Waterway – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Volga-Baltic Waterway" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol%C5%BEsko-baltsk%C3%A1_vodn%C3%AD_cesta" title="Volžsko-baltská vodní cesta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Volžsko-baltská vodní cesta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-%C3%98sters%C3%B8kanalen" title="Volga-Østersøkanalen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Volga-Østersøkanalen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolga-Ostsee-Kanal" title="Wolga-Ostsee-Kanal – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolga-Ostsee-Kanal" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Balti_veetee" title="Volga-Balti veetee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Volga-Balti veetee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADa_navegable_Volga-B%C3%A1ltico" title="Vía navegable Volga-Báltico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vía navegable Volga-Báltico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Balta_Akvovojo" title="Volga–Balta Akvovojo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Volga–Balta Akvovojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voie_navigable_Volga-Baltique" title="Voie navigable Volga-Baltique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Voie navigable Volga-Baltique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%EA%B0%80~%EB%B0%9C%ED%8A%B8%ED%95%B4_%EC%88%98%EB%A1%9C" title="볼가~발트해 수로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼가~발트해 수로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canale_Volga-Baltico" title="Canale Volga-Baltico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Canale Volga-Baltico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94-%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%99" title="נתיב המים וולגה-בלטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נתיב המים וולגה-בלטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cursus_aquatilis_Volgo-Balticus" title="Cursus aquatilis Volgo-Balticus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cursus aquatilis Volgo-Balticus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgos%E2%80%93Baltijos_vandens_kelias" title="Volgos–Baltijos vandens kelias – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Volgos–Baltijos vandens kelias" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%82" title="قناة فولجا و البلطيق – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قناة فولجا و البلطيق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolga-Baltische_waterweg" title="Wolga-Baltische waterweg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolga-Baltische waterweg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E6%B0%B4%E8%B7%AF" title="ヴォルガ・バルト水路 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルガ・バルト水路" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93%C3%98stersj%C3%B8-kanalen" title="Volga–Østersjø-kanalen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Volga–Østersjø-kanalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Austersj%C3%B8kanalen" title="Volga–Austersjøkanalen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Volga–Austersjøkanalen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-boltiq_suv_yo%CA%BBli" title="Volga-boltiq suv yoʻli – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Volga-boltiq suv yoʻli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana%C5%82_Wo%C5%82%C5%BCa%C5%84sko-Ba%C5%82tycki" title="Kanał Wołżańsko-Bałtycki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kanał Wołżańsko-Bałtycki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Marea_Alb%C4%83" title="Volga-Marea Albă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Volga-Marea Albă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Волго-Балтийский водный путь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волго-Балтийский водный путь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodna_pot_Volga-Baltik" title="Vodna pot Volga-Baltik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodna pot Volga-Baltik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volgan%E2%80%93It%C3%A4meren_vesitie" title="Volgan–Itämeren vesitie – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Volgan–Itämeren vesitie" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93%C3%96stersj%C3%B6kanalen" title="Volga–Östersjökanalen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Volga–Östersjökanalen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volga-Balt%C4%B1k_Su_Yolu" title="Volga-Baltık Su Yolu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Volga-Baltık Su Yolu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85" title="Волго-Балтійський водний шлях – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Волго-Балтійський водний шлях" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3%E2%80%93%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E8%B7%AF" title="伏加河–波羅的海水路 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="伏加河–波羅的海水路" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E2%80%94%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E8%B7%AF" title="伏爾加—波羅的海水路 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伏爾加—波羅的海水路" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q31263#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&params=59_58_N_30_10_E_region:RU_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.967°N 30.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.967; 30.167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Series of canals and rivers in Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a medieval trade route, see <a href="/wiki/Volga_trade_route" title="Volga trade route">Volga trade route</a>.</div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&params=59_58_N_30_10_E_region:RU_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°58′N</span> <span class="longitude">30°10′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.967°N 30.167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.967; 30.167</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size: larger; background-color: #CEDEFF">Volga–Baltic Waterway</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway,_July_2004_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway%2C_July_2004_08.jpg/288px-Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway%2C_July_2004_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway%2C_July_2004_08.jpg/432px-Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway%2C_July_2004_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway%2C_July_2004_08.jpg/576px-Dunst_Volga-Baltic_Waterway%2C_July_2004_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6824" data-file-height="4456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Volga–Baltic Waterway</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_494c324882f80178ac1f2a0aa5f329fa9e04f2ab"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&revid=1258912947&groups=_494c324882f80178ac1f2a0aa5f329fa9e04f2ab" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&revid=1258912947&groups=_494c324882f80178ac1f2a0aa5f329fa9e04f2ab 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">229<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> miles (369 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">boat length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">689<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ft 0 in (210.0 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">boat beam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">57.75<sup id="cite_ref-helpiks.org_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helpiks.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ft 0 in (17.6 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">boat draft</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4 m<sup id="cite_ref-helpiks.org_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helpiks.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locks</th><td class="infobox-data">7<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-helpiks.org_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-helpiks.org-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Open</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Former names</th><td class="infobox-data">Mariinsk Canal System</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction began</th><td class="infobox-data">1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date of first use</th><td class="infobox-data">5 June 1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1964</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Start point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rybinsk_Reservoir" title="Rybinsk Reservoir">Rybinsk Reservoir</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">End point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neva_Bay" title="Neva Bay">Neva Bay</a>, Russia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="250" data-zoom="5" data-overlays="["_c59e0a896108d777db1fe9c39398b8d8afb9be8e"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,a,a,270x250.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&revid=1258912947&groups=_c59e0a896108d777db1fe9c39398b8d8afb9be8e" width="270" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,a,a,270x250@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&revid=1258912947&groups=_c59e0a896108d777db1fe9c39398b8d8afb9be8e 2x" alt="Map" /></a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Volga–Baltic Waterway</b> ([Волгобалт] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |translit= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>), formerly known as the <b>Mariinsk Canal System</b> ([Мариинская водная система] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |translit= (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lang_and_lang-xx_template_errors" title="Category:Lang and lang-xx template errors">help</a>)</span>), is a series of <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> and rivers in Russia which link the <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Neva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neva River">Neva</a>. Like the <a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Don_Canal" title="Volga–Don Canal">Volga–Don Canal</a>, it connects the biggest lake on Earth, the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/World_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="World Ocean">World Ocean</a>. Its overall length between <a href="/wiki/Cherepovets" title="Cherepovets">Cherepovets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Onega" title="Lake Onega">Lake Onega</a> is 368 kilometres (229 mi). </p><p>Originally constructed in the early 19th century, the system was rebuilt for larger vessels in the 1960s, becoming a part of the <a href="/wiki/Unified_Deep_Water_System_of_European_Russia" title="Unified Deep Water System of European Russia">Unified Deep Water System of European Russia</a>. </p><p>The original name "Mariinsky" is the credit to <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)">Empress Maria Feodorovna</a>, the second wife of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kir_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kir-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter the Great</a> wrested the southern and southeastern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a> from Sweden, it made for a great city to secure a means of river transport for <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> with the Russian hinterland. These would shift heavy loads in all but the depths of winter. The prototype (via) <a href="/wiki/Vyshny_Volochyok" title="Vyshny Volochyok">Vyshny Volochyok</a> canal completed by 1709, provided a connection of Saint Petersburg to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a>. The name of that town means "upper portage". However, the weather on the lake frequently wrecked the barges leading to the ambitious project of the <a href="/wiki/Ladoga_Canal" title="Ladoga Canal">Ladoga Canals</a> into the southern coast of the lake. </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a>, the waterway through Vychny Volochyok was complemented by the <a href="/wiki/Tikhvinskaya_water_system" title="Tikhvinskaya water system">Tikhvin canal system</a> (1811) and the Mariinsk canal system (1810), the latter becoming by far the most popular of the three. </p><p>The Mariinsk was an outstanding monument of early 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Hydrotechnics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrotechnics">hydrotechnics</a>, which proved to be key to national economic prowess. The system started in <a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a> and passed through much of the <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheksna River">Sheksna River</a>. It then passed <a href="/wiki/Lake_Beloye,_Vologda_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Beloye, Vologda Oblast">Lake Beloye</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Belozersky_Canal" title="Belozersky Canal">Belozersky bypass canal</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kovzha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovzha River">Kovzha</a>, its artificial <b>Novomariinsky Canal</b>, the <a href="/wiki/Vytegra_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vytegra River">Vytegra</a> to pass through <a href="/wiki/Lake_Onega" title="Lake Onega">Lake Onega</a>. To or from there vessels sailed through the <a href="/wiki/Onega_Canal" title="Onega Canal">Onega Canal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Svir_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Svir River">Svir</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ladoga_Canal" title="Ladoga Canal">Ladoga Canal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Neva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Neva River">Neva</a> to or from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland" title="Gulf of Finland">Gulf of Finland</a>. </p><p>In 1829, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dvina_Canal" title="Northern Dvina Canal">Northern Dvina Canal</a> was opened running to the north-east; it connects the lower <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheksna River">Sheksna</a> (one of the Volga's tributaries) through <a href="/wiki/Kubenskoye_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubenskoye Lake">Kubenskoye Lake</a> to a canalised <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dvina" title="Northern Dvina">Northern Dvina</a>, flowing into the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a>. The system was further expanded: three more canals, Belozersky, Onezhsky, and Novoladozhsky, enabling smaller craft to bypass dangerous waters of the three big lakes (Beloye, Onega and Ladoga), were inaugurated towards the end of the century. </p><p>Another connection was added in the 1930s, when the infamous <a href="/wiki/White_Sea_%E2%80%93_Baltic_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="White Sea – Baltic Canal">White Sea – Baltic Canal</a> was constructed by <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulag</a> prisoners at enormous human cost between Lake Onega and the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea">White Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1990s the Volga–Baltic Waterway has grown as a tour boat route to sail and/or motor along or around the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ring_of_Russia" title="Golden Ring of Russia">Golden Ring of Russia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heavy_power_plant_transit">Heavy power plant transit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Heavy power plant transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, the core of <a href="/wiki/Astravets_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Astravets Nuclear Power Plant">Astravets Nuclear Power Plant</a>, <a href="/wiki/VVER-1200" class="mw-redirect" title="VVER-1200">VVER-1200</a>, which was 330 tonnes, 13 meters high, and 4.5 meters in diameter, was transferred to the plant via the <a href="/wiki/Tsimlyansk_Reservoir" title="Tsimlyansk Reservoir">Tsimlyansk Reservoir</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Don_Canal" title="Volga–Don Canal">Volga–Don Canal</a>, the Volga–Baltic Waterway, the <a href="/wiki/Volkhov_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkhov River">Volkhov River</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Schnabel_car" title="Schnabel car">special rail car</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ng.ru_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng.ru-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arrives_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrives-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Volga–Baltic_Canal_improvement"><span id="Volga.E2.80.93Baltic_Canal_improvement"></span>Volga–Baltic Canal improvement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Volga–Baltic Canal improvement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic-Volga-Black-Caspian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Baltic-Volga-Black-Caspian.png/220px-Baltic-Volga-Black-Caspian.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Baltic-Volga-Black-Caspian.png/330px-Baltic-Volga-Black-Caspian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Baltic-Volga-Black-Caspian.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>The Volga–Baltic Waterway (boxed area) and the entire Volga River in relation to the Caspian Sea and Black Sea</figcaption></figure> <p>In Soviet times, the Mariinsk canal system was constantly improved. Two locks were built on the <a href="/wiki/Svir_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Svir River">Svir River</a> (in 1936 and 1952); 3 locks were built on the <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheksna River">Sheksna River</a>. Major improvement of the Volga–Baltic Waterway took place in 1960–1964, and the new Volga–Baltic Waterway was opened on 5 June 1964. 39 old wooden locks were replaced with 7 new locks, and one parallel lock was built later in 1995. The locks' limiting dimensions are 210 m long, 17.6 m wide and 4.2 m deep, allowing passage of river-sea ships of up to 5000 tons displacement. Such ships were able to sail directly across the big lakes instead of using the bypass canals. Typical travel: <a href="/wiki/Cherepovets" title="Cherepovets">Cherepovets</a> to/from <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> fell to 2.5–3 days, from 10–15. </p><p>The modern route sometimes follows the route of the old Mariinsk system and sometimes diverges from it. Six of the canal's eight locks are along 35 km of the northern slope, descending 80 metres. Only 2 locks (which are parallel) are on the southern slope, for a rise of 13 metres, near <a href="/wiki/Sheksna,_Sheksninsky_District,_Vologda_Oblast" title="Sheksna, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast">Sheksna</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheksna River">Sheksna River</a>, 50 km upstream from <a href="/wiki/Cherepovets" title="Cherepovets">Cherepovets</a>. The canal route on the northern slope follows the <a href="/wiki/Vytegra_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vytegra River">Vytegra</a> flooded riverbed. Thus the summit pound of the canal between Pakhomovo locks on <a href="/wiki/Vytegra_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vytegra River">Vytegra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_Reservoir" title="Sheksna Reservoir">Sheksna Reservoir</a> dam is 278 km. It comprises an artificial canal (40 km long), much of the <a href="/wiki/Kovzha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kovzha River">Kovzha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Beloye_(Vologda_Oblast)" title="Lake Beloye (Vologda Oblast)">Lake Beloye</a>, and part of the <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheksna River">Sheksna</a>. The route of the southern slope follows the <a href="/wiki/Sheksna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheksna River">Shekshna</a>, where it parallels the <a href="/wiki/Rybinsk_Reservoir" title="Rybinsk Reservoir">Rybinsk Reservoir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arrives_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arrives-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ng.ru_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ng.ru-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_developments">Current developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Current developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The canal is used for oil and lumber export and for tourism. According to the Maritime Board (<i>Morskaya Kollegiya</i>) of the Russian government, 17.6 million tons of cargo were carried over the Volga–Baltic Waterway in 2004, close to its maximum capacity. The Lower <a href="/wiki/Svir_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Svir River">Svir</a> <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (water transport)">Lock</a> was one of the two busiest locks on Russia's inland waterways (the other one was the Kochetov Lock on the lower <a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don River (Russia)">Don River</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Don_Canal" title="Volga–Don Canal">Volga–Don Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sea%E2%80%93Baltic_Canal" title="White Sea–Baltic Canal">White Sea–Baltic Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Deep_Water_System_of_European_Russia" title="Unified Deep Water System of European Russia">Unified Deep Water System of European Russia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volga%E2%80%93Baltic_Waterway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/geography/text/5455505">"ВОЛГО-БАЛТИЙСКИЙ ВОДНЫЙ ПУТЬ • Большая российская энциклопедия – электронная версия"</a> [VOLGA-BALTIC WATERWAY • Great Russian Encyclopedia – electronic version]. <i>bigenc.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bigenc.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%93%D0%9E-%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%99%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%99+%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99+%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%A2%D0%AC+%E2%80%A2+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%E2%80%93+%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Fgeography%2Ftext%2F5455505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Сроки работы шлюзов (Lock operation periods), from the site of the Russian Shipping Companies' Association. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-helpiks.org-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-helpiks.org_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-helpiks.org_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-helpiks.org_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://helpiks.org/7-23635.html">"Структура управления и построения ВВП"</a> [Structure of management and construction of GDP]. <i>helpiks.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=helpiks.org&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%92%D0%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelpiks.org%2F7-23635.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/006/211.htm">"Волго-Балтийский водный путь"</a> [Volga-Baltic Waterway]. <i>www.booksite.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.booksite.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.booksite.ru%2Ffulltext%2F1%2F001%2F008%2F006%2F211.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kir-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kir_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirmuseum.ru/issue/article.php?ID=2169">"СУДОХОДСТВО НА БЕЛОМ ОЗЕРЕ ДО И ПОСЛЕ ПРОРЫТИЯ БЕЛОЗЕРСКОГО ОБВОДНОГО КАНАЛА"</a> [NAVIGATION ON WHITE LAKE BEFORE AND AFTER DIGGING THE BELOZERSKY BYPASS CANAL]. <i>www.kirmuseum.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kirmuseum.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%A3%D0%94%D0%9E%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%92%D0%9E+%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%91%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%9C+%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%95+%D0%94%D0%9E+%D0%98+%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9B%D0%95+%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%AB%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%AF+%D0%91%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%97%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E+%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirmuseum.ru%2Fissue%2Farticle.php%3FID%3D2169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ng.ru-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ng.ru_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ng.ru_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ng.ru/energy/2016-01-12/15_aes.html">"В Белоруссию привезли первый реактор для строящейся АЭС"</a> [The first reactor for a nuclear power plant under construction was brought to Belarus]. <i>www.ng.ru</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ng.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%92+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%90%D0%AD%D0%A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ng.ru%2Fenergy%2F2016-01-12%2F15_aes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arrives-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arrives_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arrives_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belsat.eu/en/news/russia-made-reactor-vessel-for-astravets-npp-arrives-in-belarus/">"Russia-made reactor vessel for Astravets NPP arrives in Belarus"</a>. <i>belsat.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=belsat.eu&rft.atitle=Russia-made+reactor+vessel+for+Astravets+NPP+arrives+in+Belarus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2Frussia-made-reactor-vessel-for-astravets-npp-arrives-in-belarus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.morskayakollegiya.ru/morsk/morskie_i_rechny/rechnoj_transpor/">"Морская коллегия: Речной транспорт"</a> [Maritime Board: River Transport]. <i>www.morskayakollegiya.ru</i> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.morskayakollegiya.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.morskayakollegiya.ru%2Fmorsk%2Fmorskie_i_rechny%2Frechnoj_transpor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVolga%E2%80%93Baltic+Waterway" class="Z3988"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307042851/http://www.morskayakollegiya.ru/morsk/morskie_i_rechny/rechnoj_transpor/">Archived</a> 2008-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selizharovka" title="Selizharovka">Selizharovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudovka" title="Tudovka">Tudovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazuza" title="Vazuza">Vazuza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvertsa" title="Tvertsa">Tvertsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shosha_(river)" title="Shosha (river)">Shosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubna_(Volga)" title="Dubna (Volga)">Dubna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medveditsa_(Volga)" title="Medveditsa (Volga)">Medveditsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerl_(Volga)" title="Nerl (Volga)">Nerl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashinka" title="Kashinka">Kashinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit_(river)" title="Sit (river)">Sit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mologa_(river)" title="Mologa (river)">Mologa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suda_(river)" title="Suda (river)">Suda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheksna" title="Sheksna">Sheksna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogozha" title="Sogozha">Sogozha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korozhechna" title="Korozhechna">Korozhechna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotorosl" title="Kotorosl">Kotorosl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma_(river)" title="Kostroma (river)">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyomda" title="Nyomda">Nyomda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unzha" title="Unzha">Unzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzola" title="Uzola">Uzola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka_(river)" title="Oka (river)">Oka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudma" title="Kudma">Kudma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerzhenets" title="Kerzhenets">Kerzhenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(river)" title="Sura (river)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetluga_(river)" title="Vetluga (river)">Vetluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutka_(river)" title="Rutka (river)">Rutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsivil" title="Tsivil">Tsivil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshaya_Kokshaga" title="Bolshaya Kokshaga">Great Kokshaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaya_Kokshaga" title="Malaya Kokshaga">Little Kokshaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anish_(river)" title="Anish (river)">Anish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilet" title="Ilet">Ilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sviyaga" title="Sviyaga">Sviyaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumka_(river)" title="Sumka (river)">Sumka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazanka_(river)" title="Kazanka (river)">Kazanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_(river)" title="Kama (river)">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktay" title="Aktay">Aktay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezdna_(Tatarstan)" title="Bezdna (Tatarstan)">Bezdna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Cheremshan" title="Bolshoy Cheremshan">Bolshoy Cheremshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sok_(river)" title="Sok (river)">Sok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_(Volga)" title="Samara (Volga)">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapayevka_(river)" title="Chapayevka (river)">Chapayevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maly_Irgiz" title="Maly Irgiz">Little Irgiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshoy_Irgiz" title="Bolshoy Irgiz">Irgiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tereshka" title="Tereshka">Tereshka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeruslan" title="Yeruslan">Yeruslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtuba" title="Akhtuba">Akhtuba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Distributary" title="Distributary">distributary</a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Volgarivermap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the drainage basin of the Volga"><img alt="Map of the drainage basin of the Volga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Volgarivermap.png/90px-Volgarivermap.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Volgarivermap.png/135px-Volgarivermap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Volgarivermap.png/180px-Volgarivermap.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reservoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Volgo" title="Lake Volgo">Lake Volgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivankovo_Reservoir" title="Ivankovo Reservoir">Ivankovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uglich_Reservoir" title="Uglich Reservoir">Uglich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybinsk_Reservoir" title="Rybinsk Reservoir">Rybinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorky_Reservoir" title="Gorky Reservoir">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary_Reservoir" title="Cheboksary Reservoir">Cheboksary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuybyshev_Reservoir" title="Kuybyshev Reservoir">Kuybyshev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Reservoir" title="Saratov Reservoir">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Reservoir" title="Volgograd Reservoir">Volgograd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hydroelectric<br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivankovo_Reservoir" title="Ivankovo Reservoir">Ivankovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uglich_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Uglich Hydroelectric Station">Uglich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybinsk_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Rybinsk Hydroelectric Station">Rybinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Nizhny Novgorod Hydroelectric Station">Nizhny Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary_Dam" title="Cheboksary Dam">Cheboksary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhiguli_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station">Zhiguli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Saratov Hydroelectric Station">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Volga Hydroelectric Station">Volga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Canal" title="Moscow Canal">Moscow Canal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Volga–Baltic Waterway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga%E2%80%93Don_Canal" title="Volga–Don Canal">Volga–Don Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31263#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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