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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="BVbw3/Z8usxQrsJTbeSmLiMnVa7iYBBxHsDowY2sQt0OzGVu2v1FT/oS2ng3WG5rS5oZqNnnC4zh3w1K6DhyOw==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="International journal of research and innovation in social science" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mst.Sabina Tabasum" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/123658780/Mapping_Violence_Against_Women_within_the_Discourse_of_Globalization_An_Ethnographic_Study_Based_on_South_Asian_Garments_Factory" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Globally, one of the twentieth-century developments is the increased participation of women workers in factories. 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But the participation of women in wage labour is" /> <title>(PDF) Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory | Mst.Sabina Tabasum - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/123658780/Mapping_Violence_Against_Women_within_the_Discourse_of_Globalization_An_Ethnographic_Study_Based_on_South_Asian_Garments_Factory" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732521665000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732521665000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Globally, one of the twentieth-century developments is the increased participation of women workers in factories. Indeed, women workers continue to play an essential role in the global economy. But the participation of women in wage labour is regarded as a form of violence in South Asian countries, particularly Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. However, this study documenting the experiences of violence against women in garments factory contributes to the idea of ‘violence against women as part of Globalization. This study recognizes the relationship between the different sufferings of women workers in garment factories through a gender relations lens and the key issues involving gender inequality, education, coercion and sexual harassment and how they represent global inequality and local identity. This article also offers to understand the trends and challenges of the women workers choosing a career in the garment factory. This study was conducted among the different ages of garment women workers in the garments of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka using ethnographic study under qualitative research method involving in-depth interviews, survey and participant observation was used to collect data about their experiences and suffering of violence against women. The preliminary results of the research show that 98% of women from marginalized backgrounds have faced social, cultural, economic and health issues. In addition, 45% of women reported being sexually harassed by male garment employees. This study extends the position of women, which is the most pressing challenge for women’s empowerment. Following an ethnographic analysis of research findings, it can be said that only equal rights, respect, and gender equality pave a new path for women and eliminate all forms of violence globally. Keywords: Violence Against Women, Garment Factory, Globalisation, Gender Inequality.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Mst.Sabina Tabasum"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-09-07","dateModified":"2024-09-10","datePublished":"2024-01-01","headline":"Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Globalization","Ethnography","Clothing"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"International journal of research and innovation in social science","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/123658780/Mapping_Violence_Against_Women_within_the_Discourse_of_Globalization_An_Ethnographic_Study_Based_on_South_Asian_Garments_Factory","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link 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[{"id":118112284,"identifier":"Attachment_118112284","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":123658780,"created_at":"2024-09-07T22:30:32.333-07:00","from_world_paper_id":259061604,"updated_at":"2024-09-15T03:18:59.148-07:00","_data":{"doi":"10.47772/ijriss.2024.803188","issue":"III","volume":"VIII","abstract":"Globally, one of the twentieth-century developments is the increased participation of women workers in\r\nfactories. Indeed, women workers continue to play an essential role in the global economy. But the\r\nparticipation of women in wage labour is regarded as a form of violence in South Asian countries,\r\nparticularly Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.\r\nHowever, this study documenting the experiences of violence against women in garments factory\r\ncontributes to the idea of ‘violence against women as part of Globalization. This study recognizes the\r\nrelationship between the different sufferings of women workers in garment factories through a gender\r\nrelations lens and the key issues involving gender inequality, education, coercion and sexual harassment and\r\nhow they represent global inequality and local identity. This article also offers to understand the trends and\r\nchallenges of the women workers choosing a career in the garment factory. This study was conducted\r\namong the different ages of garment women workers in the garments of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka using\r\nethnographic study under qualitative research method involving in-depth interviews, survey and participant\r\nobservation was used to collect data about their experiences and suffering of violence against women. The\r\npreliminary results of the research show that 98% of women from marginalized backgrounds have faced\r\nsocial, cultural, economic and health issues. In addition, 45% of women reported being sexually harassed by\r\nmale garment employees. This study extends the position of women, which is the most pressing challenge\r\nfor women’s empowerment. Following an ethnographic analysis of research findings, it can be said that only\r\nequal rights, respect, and gender equality pave a new path for women and eliminate all forms of violence\r\nglobally.\r\nKeywords: Violence Against Women, Garment Factory, Globalisation, Gender Inequality.","publisher":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS)","page_numbers":"2717-2727","publication_date":"2024,,","publication_name":"International journal of research and innovation in social science"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [133693726]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":118112284,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/118112284/mini_magick20240910-1-45zm8f.png?1725984365" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Mapping Violence Against Women within the Discourse of Globalization: An Ethnographic Study Based on South Asian Garments Factory</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="133693726" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MstSabinaTabasum"><img alt="Profile image of Mst.Sabina Tabasum" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/133693726/35223310/30638724/s65_mst.sabina.tabasum.jpg" />Mst.Sabina Tabasum</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2024, International journal of research and innovation in social science</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Globally, one of the twentieth-century developments is the increased participation of women workers in factories. Indeed, women workers continue to play an essential role in the global economy. But the participation of women in wage labour is regarded as a form of violence in South Asian countries, particularly Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. However, this study documenting the experiences of violence against women in garments factory contributes to the idea of ‘violence against women as part of Globalization. This study recognizes the relationship between the different sufferings of women workers in garment factories through a gender relations lens and the key issues involving gender inequality, education, coercion and sexual harassment and how they represent global inequality and local identity. This article also offers to understand the trends and challenges of the women workers choosing a career in the garment factory. This study was conducted among the different ages of garment women workers in the garments of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka using ethnographic study under qualitative research method involving in-depth interviews, survey and participant observation was used to collect data about their experiences and suffering of violence against women. The preliminary results of the research show that 98% of women from marginalized backgrounds have faced social, cultural, economic and health issues. In addition, 45% of women reported being sexually harassed by male garment employees. This study extends the position of women, which is the most pressing challenge for women’s empowerment. Following an ethnographic analysis of research findings, it can be said that only equal rights, respect, and gender equality pave a new path for women and eliminate all forms of violence globally. Keywords: Violence Against Women, Garment Factory, Globalisation, Gender Inequality.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":118112284,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/123658780/Mapping_Violence_Against_Women_within_the_Discourse_of_Globalization_An_Ethnographic_Study_Based_on_South_Asian_Garments_Factory"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":118112284,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/123658780/Mapping_Violence_Against_Women_within_the_Discourse_of_Globalization_An_Ethnographic_Study_Based_on_South_Asian_Garments_Factory"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="118112284" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/123658780/Mapping_Violence_Against_Women_within_the_Discourse_of_Globalization_An_Ethnographic_Study_Based_on_South_Asian_Garments_Factory" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="59858984" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59858984/Sufferings_in_silence_Violence_against_female_workers_in_the_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_exploration">Sufferings in silence: Violence against female workers in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31535186" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChuCordia">Cordia Chu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Women's Health</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Introduction: Despite the improved safety of the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh since 2013, other workplace health and safety issues in the ready-made garment industry continue, especially violence towards female workers. 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Supervisors characterized the women as ‘disobedient,’ ‘uncooperative’ and ‘unwilling’ to work and viewed their behaviour as ac...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sufferings in silence: Violence against female workers in the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh: A qualitative exploration","attachmentId":73564769,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59858984/Sufferings_in_silence_Violence_against_female_workers_in_the_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_exploration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59858984/Sufferings_in_silence_Violence_against_female_workers_in_the_ready_made_garment_industry_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_exploration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="50918519" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50918519/Everyday_violence_of_female_garments_workers_in_Bangladesh">Everyday violence of female garments workers in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="228128" href="https://juniv.academia.edu/MahmudulSumon">Mahmudul H Sumon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Jahangirnagar Review: Part II Social Sciences , 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Everyday violence of female garments workers in Bangladesh","attachmentId":68818065,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50918519/Everyday_violence_of_female_garments_workers_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50918519/Everyday_violence_of_female_garments_workers_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="58247416" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58247416/De_feminization_and_Dis_empowerment_of_Women_Workers_in_Garment_Factories">De-feminization and (Dis)empowerment of Women Workers in Garment Factories</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3354261" href="https://jmi.academia.edu/PrasadArchana">Archana Prasad</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Economic globalization led to the restructuring of global production process. 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They suffer from discrimination, sexual harassment and are denied the basic right to work.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"De-feminization and (Dis)empowerment of Women Workers in Garment Factories","attachmentId":72751935,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58247416/De_feminization_and_Dis_empowerment_of_Women_Workers_in_Garment_Factories","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58247416/De_feminization_and_Dis_empowerment_of_Women_Workers_in_Garment_Factories"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="110595254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110595254/Female_garment_workers_experiences_of_violence_in_their_homes_and_workplaces_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_study">Female garment workers’ experiences of violence in their homes and workplaces in Bangladesh: A qualitative study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44743830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamanthaWillan">Samantha Willan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Social Science & Medicine, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Female garment workers’ experiences of violence in their homes and workplaces in Bangladesh: A qualitative study","attachmentId":108364261,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110595254/Female_garment_workers_experiences_of_violence_in_their_homes_and_workplaces_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110595254/Female_garment_workers_experiences_of_violence_in_their_homes_and_workplaces_in_Bangladesh_A_qualitative_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="33769098" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33769098/Violence_against_Women_Workers_in_the_Ready_made_Garments_Industry_in_Bangladesh">Violence against Women Workers in the Ready-made Garments Industry in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3200261" href="https://southasianuniversity.academia.edu/MDAlAmin">MD Al-Amin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Garments sector has indeed added great impetus to the poor economy of Bangladesh. Although majority of the employees are women they are most often prone to various types of violations especially the sexual one. The study is descriptive in nature. Both primary and secondary data are used in the study. This article contains some analysis of the real situation in light of which several recommendations were made to ensure the protection of the women workers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Violence against Women Workers in the Ready-made Garments Industry in Bangladesh","attachmentId":53757960,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33769098/Violence_against_Women_Workers_in_the_Ready_made_Garments_Industry_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33769098/Violence_against_Women_Workers_in_the_Ready_made_Garments_Industry_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="64086601" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64086601/Women_in_the_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh_a_Paradox_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Transformation_of_Structural_Violence">Women in the Garment Industry of Bangladesh; a Paradox of Women Empowerment and Transformation of Structural Violence</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7121541" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MdAhsunHabib">Md.Ahsun Habib</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Women in the Garment Industry of Bangladesh; a Paradox of Women Empowerment and Transformation of Structural Violence","attachmentId":76284341,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64086601/Women_in_the_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh_a_Paradox_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Transformation_of_Structural_Violence","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64086601/Women_in_the_Garment_Industry_of_Bangladesh_a_Paradox_of_Women_Empowerment_and_Transformation_of_Structural_Violence"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36760838" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36760838/Gender_Based_Violence_in_the_Gap_Garment_Supply_Chain">Gender Based Violence in the Gap Garment Supply Chain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2157661" href="https://new.academia.edu/ShikhaSillimanBhattacharjee">Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Workers Voices from the Global Supply Chain: Reports to the ILO 2018 , 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This report—including interviews with more than 215 workers employed in 21 factories that supply to Gap—documents the experiences of women garment workers at the base of Gap garment supply chains in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Concentrated in short term, low skill, and low-wage positions, they are at daily risk of gender based violence and harassment at work. This new research documents sexual harassment and violence including physical violence, verbal abuse, coercion, threats and retaliation, and routine deprivations of liberty including forced overtime. The research also makes clear these are not isolated incidents and that gender based violence in the Gap garment supply chain is a direct result of how Gap conducts business. Based upon analysis of the spectrum of gender based violence and associated risk factors in the garment industry, these reports include concrete recommendations for an ILO Convention to eliminate gender based violence and harassment in the world of work.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gender Based Violence in the Gap Garment Supply Chain","attachmentId":56707541,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36760838/Gender_Based_Violence_in_the_Gap_Garment_Supply_Chain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36760838/Gender_Based_Violence_in_the_Gap_Garment_Supply_Chain"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36776627" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36776627/Violence_Against_Women_and_Men_in_the_World_of_Work_Executive_Summary_of_New_Research_on_Asian_Garment_Supply_Chains_and_Recommendations_for_an_ILO_Convention_May_2018">Violence Against Women and Men in the World of Work, Executive Summary of New Research on Asian Garment Supply Chains and Recommendations for an ILO Convention, May 2018</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2157661" href="https://new.academia.edu/ShikhaSillimanBhattacharjee">Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8621419" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnjumShaheen1">Anjum Shaheen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the lead up to the 107th Session of the International Labour Conference, a global coalition of trade unions, worker rights and human rights organizations, which includes Asia Floor Wage Alliance (AFWA), CENTRAL Cambodia, Global Labor Justice, Sedane Labour Resource Centre (LIPS)Indonesia, and Society for Labour and Development (SLD) just released new factory level research detailing gender based violence in Walmart, Gap, and H&M Asian garment supply chains. These reports aim to make sure that the experiences and recommendations of low wage women workers—employed in sectors and supply chains that rely on their labor—are lifted up in order to create a strong ILO Convention that will guide employers, multi-national enterprises, and governments in working with trade unions to eliminate gender based violence in garment supply chains and other workplaces. This Executive Summary provides recommendations to the ILO, key findings, and the aggregated spectrum of gender based violence, gendered production roles, and methodology from the Workers Voices 2018 report series.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Violence Against Women and Men in the World of Work, Executive Summary of New Research on Asian Garment Supply Chains and Recommendations for an ILO Convention, May 2018","attachmentId":56724357,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36776627/Violence_Against_Women_and_Men_in_the_World_of_Work_Executive_Summary_of_New_Research_on_Asian_Garment_Supply_Chains_and_Recommendations_for_an_ILO_Convention_May_2018","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36776627/Violence_Against_Women_and_Men_in_the_World_of_Work_Executive_Summary_of_New_Research_on_Asian_Garment_Supply_Chains_and_Recommendations_for_an_ILO_Convention_May_2018"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="77234906" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77234906/Unbearable_Harassment_The_Fashion_Industry_and_Widespread_Abuse_of_Female_Garment_Workers_in_Indian_Factories">Unbearable Harassment: The Fashion Industry and Widespread Abuse of Female Garment Workers in Indian Factories</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2157661" href="https://new.academia.edu/ShikhaSillimanBhattacharjee">Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asia Floor Wage Alliance, Business and Human Rights Resource Center, Society for Labour and Development, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Garment worker abuse in India’s factories has intensified due to fashion brands’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected testimonies from 90 women in 31 factories across three major garment-producing hubs in India: Delhi NCR, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. While garment workers reported GBVH on a daily basis before the pandemic, their experiences of GBVH at work intensified with successive COVID-19 waves, including reports of routine physical and verbal abuse, discrimination and unfair dismissal for pregnancy, widespread wage theft, lack of protection from COVID-19 and intensified work rates with inhumane and mandatory overtime, leading to exhaustion and increased accidents.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Unbearable Harassment: The Fashion Industry and Widespread Abuse of Female Garment Workers in Indian Factories","attachmentId":84657576,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/77234906/Unbearable_Harassment_The_Fashion_Industry_and_Widespread_Abuse_of_Female_Garment_Workers_in_Indian_Factories","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/77234906/Unbearable_Harassment_The_Fashion_Industry_and_Widespread_Abuse_of_Female_Garment_Workers_in_Indian_Factories"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="99392867" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99392867/Nature_of_Human_Rights_Violation_on_Female_Garments_Workers_in_Bangladesh">Nature of Human Rights Violation on Female Garments Workers in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54555425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FarhatTasnim1">Farhat Tasnim</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Khazanah Hukum, 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nature of Human Rights Violation on Female Garments Workers in Bangladesh","attachmentId":100495335,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99392867/Nature_of_Human_Rights_Violation_on_Female_Garments_Workers_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99392867/Nature_of_Human_Rights_Violation_on_Female_Garments_Workers_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":118112284,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":118112284,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_118112284" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="84526275" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84526275/Harassment_of_women_garment_workers_in_Bangladesh">Harassment of women garment workers in Bangladesh</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6862630" href="https://kashmir.academia.edu/rajanisar">raja nisar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Harassment of women garment workers in Bangladesh","attachmentId":89517925,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84526275/Harassment_of_women_garment_workers_in_Bangladesh","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84526275/Harassment_of_women_garment_workers_in_Bangladesh"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="26502934" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26502934/Pattern_of_Workplace_Violence_Against_Female_Garment_Workers_in_Selected_Areas_of_Dhaka_City">Pattern of Workplace Violence Against Female Garment Workers in Selected Areas of Dhaka City</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50891717" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NSohani">N. 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