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<li id="toc-Predecessors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predecessors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Predecessors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predecessors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergence_of_the_term_"project_management"_and_modernized_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergence_of_the_term_"project_management"_and_modernized_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Emergence of the term "project management" and modernized techniques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergence_of_the_term_"project_management"_and_modernized_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_first_project_management_products_and_associations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_first_project_management_products_and_associations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The first project management products and associations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_first_project_management_products_and_associations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tasks_and_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tasks_and_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tasks and activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tasks_and_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tasks and activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tasks_and_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scheduling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scheduling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Scheduling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scheduling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Providing_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Providing_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Providing information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Providing_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Collaborative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Collaborative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaborative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Visual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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software</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektstyringsv%C3%A6rkt%C3%B8j" title="Projektstyringsværktøj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Projektstyringsværktøj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projektmanagement-Software" title="Projektmanagement-Software – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Projektmanagement-Software" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_de_administraci%C3%B3n_de_proyectos" title="Software de administración de proyectos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Software de administración de proyectos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%87" title="نرم‌افزار مدیریت پروژه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نرم‌افزار مدیریت پروژه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logiciel_de_gestion_de_projets" title="Logiciel de gestion de projets – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Logiciel de gestion de projets" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%9D%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC_%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4" title="프로젝트 관리 소프트웨어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프로젝트 관리 소프트웨어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_gestionale" title="Software gestionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Software gestionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmatuur_voor_projectplanning" title="Programmatuur voor projectplanning – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Programmatuur voor projectplanning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2" title="プロジェクト管理ソフトウェア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロジェクト管理ソフトウェア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprogramowanie_do_zarz%C4%85dzania_projektami" title="Oprogramowanie do zarządzania projektami – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oprogramowanie do zarządzania projektami" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_de_gerenciamento_de_projetos" title="Software de gerenciamento de projetos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Software de gerenciamento de projetos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Программное обеспечение для управления проектами – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Программное обеспечение для управления проектами" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programska_oprema_za_projektno_vodenje" title="Programska oprema za projektno vodenje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Programska oprema za projektno vodenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projekthanteringssystem" title="Projekthanteringssystem – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Projekthanteringssystem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proje_y%C3%B6netimi_yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1m%C4%B1" title="Proje yönetimi yazılımı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Proje yönetimi yazılımı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Система управління проєктами – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система управління проєктами" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6" title="項目管理軟件 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="項目管理軟件" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Project_management_software" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q167035" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer software to manage projects</div> <p><b>Project management software</b> are computer programs that help plan, organize, and manage resources. </p><p>Depending on the sophistication of the software, it can manage <a href="/wiki/Software_development_effort_estimation" title="Software development effort estimation">estimation</a> and planning, <a href="/wiki/Schedule_(workplace)" title="Schedule (workplace)">scheduling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cost_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Cost control">cost control</a>, <a href="/wiki/Budget_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget management">budget management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resource_allocation" title="Resource allocation">resource allocation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaboration software">collaboration software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decision-making_software" title="Decision-making software">decision-making</a>, quality management, <a href="/wiki/Time_management" title="Time management">time management</a> and <a href="/wiki/Documentation" title="Documentation">documentation</a> or administration systems. </p><p>Numerous PC and browser-based project management software and <a href="/wiki/Contract_management_software" title="Contract management software">contract management software</a> products and services are available. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors">Predecessors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predecessors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first historically relevant year for the development of project management software was 1896, marked by the introduction of the Harmonogram. Polish economist <a href="/wiki/Karol_Adamiecki" title="Karol Adamiecki">Karol Adamiecki</a> attempted to display task development in a floating chart and laid the foundation for project management software as it is today.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1912, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Gantt" title="Henry Gantt">Henry Gantt</a> replaced the Harmonogram with the more advanced <a href="/wiki/Gantt_chart" title="Gantt chart">Gantt chart</a>, a scheduling diagram that broke ship design tasks down for the purposes of Hoover Dam in early 1931.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Today's Gantt charts are almost the same as their original counterparts and are a part of many project management systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_the_term_"project_management"_and_modernized_techniques"><span id="Emergence_of_the_term_.22project_management.22_and_modernized_techniques"></span>Emergence of the term "project management" and modernized techniques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emergence of the term "project management" and modernized techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">project management</a></i> was not used prior to 1954 when <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a> General <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Adolph_Schriever" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Adolph Schriever">Bernard Adolph Schriever</a> introduced it for military purposes. In the years to follow, project management gained relevance in the business world — a trend that had a lot to do with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/AACE_International" title="AACE International">American Association of Engineers</a> AACE (1956), and Rang and DuPont's Critical Path Method, which has been used to calculate project duration ever since 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trend is also related to the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Program_evaluation_and_review_technique" title="Program evaluation and review technique">Program Evaluation Review Technique</a> (PERT) in 1958. PERT advanced project monitoring, enabling users to simultaneously monitor tasks, evaluate their quality, and estimate the time needed to accomplish each of them. Like <a href="/wiki/Gantt_chart" title="Gantt chart">Gantt charts</a> and CPM, PERT was invented for military purposes, this time for the US Navy Polaris missile submarine program.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965, there was a new improvement in project management technology. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a> presented the <a href="/wiki/Work_breakdown_structure" title="Work breakdown structure">work breakdown structure</a> (WBS) to dissolve projects into even smaller visual units, organizing them in a hierarchical tree structure. WBS was an inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Winston_W._Royce" title="Winston W. Royce">Winston Royce</a>’s Waterfall Method (1970) where management phases are organized in a way that doesn’t allow a new task to begin before the previous ones are completed.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_first_project_management_products_and_associations">The first project management products and associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The first project management products and associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the period between 1965 and 1969, two of the leading project management associations were formed: the International Project Management Association (IPMA) in Europe, and the <a href="/wiki/Project_Management_Institute" title="Project Management Institute">Project Management Institute</a> (PMI) which trains project management professionals and issues certificates. With businesses shifting towards technology-based and paperless methods, the first project management systems started to emerge.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artemis_(software)" title="Artemis (software)">Artemis</a> launched their project managers in 1977, while Scitor Corporation did the same in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many improvements followed in the upcoming decades. In 1986, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Software_Engineering_Institute" title="Software Engineering Institute">Software Engineering Institute</a> introduced capability maturity software, a five-level project management method for rapidly maturing processes, while in 1988, users were introduced to earned value management which added processes’ scope and cost to the schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trend continued with <a href="/wiki/PRINCE2" title="PRINCE2">PRINCE2</a> (1996) which increased the number of processes to seven, because of which developers considered designing products for managing complex projects. In 2001, they adopted the <a href="/wiki/Agile_management" title="Agile management">Agile project management</a> concept and focused on adaptive planning and flexible response to changes. In 2006, users were already able to trigger <a href="/wiki/Total_cost_management" title="Total cost management">total cost management</a>, a framework that helps control and reduce costs in project management.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tasks_and_activities">Tasks and activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tasks and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scheduling">Scheduling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Scheduling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most common project management software tool types is <a href="/wiki/Schedule_(project_management)" title="Schedule (project management)">scheduling</a> tools. Scheduling tools are used to sequence project activities and assign dates and resources to them. The detail and sophistication of a schedule produced by a scheduling tool can vary considerably with the <a href="/wiki/Project_management#Approaches_of_project_management" title="Project management">project management methodology</a> used, the <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_project_management_software#Features" title="Comparison of project management software">features</a> provided and the scheduling methods supported. Scheduling tools may include support for:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Multiple dependency relationship types between activities.</li> <li>Resource assignment and <a href="/wiki/Resource_leveling" title="Resource leveling">leveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_path_method" title="Critical path method">Critical path</a></li> <li>Activity duration estimation and <a href="/wiki/Project_management_simulation" title="Project management simulation">probability-based simulation</a></li> <li>Activity cost accounting.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Providing_information">Providing information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Providing information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Project_management_software" title="Special:EditPage/Project management software">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Project_planning" title="Project planning">Project planning</a> software can be expected to provide information to various people or stakeholders, and can be used to measure and justify the level of effort required to complete the project(s). Typical requirements might include: </p> <ul><li>Overview information on how long tasks will take to complete.</li> <li>Early warning of any risks to the project.</li> <li>Information on workload, for planning holidays.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">Evidence</a>.</li> <li>Historical information on how projects have progressed, and in particular, how actual and planned performance are related.</li> <li>Optimum utilization of available resources.</li> <li>Cost maintenance.</li> <li>Collaboration with each teammate and customer.</li> <li>Instant communication with collaborators and customers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaborative">Collaborative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Collaborative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Project_management_software" title="Special:EditPage/Project management software">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A collaborative system is designed to support multiple users modifying different sections of the plan at once; for example, updating the areas they personally are responsible for such that those estimates get integrated into the overall plan. <a href="/wiki/Web-based" class="mw-redirect" title="Web-based">Web-based</a> tools, including <a href="/wiki/Extranet" title="Extranet">extranets</a>, generally fall into this category, but have the limitation that they can only be used when the user has live Internet access. To address this limitation, some software tools using <a href="/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Client–server architecture">client–server architecture</a> provide a <a href="/wiki/Rich_client" title="Rich client">rich client</a> that runs on users' <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computer</a> and replicates project and task information to other project team members through a central server when users connect periodically to the network. Some tools allow team members to check out their schedules (and others' as read only) to work on them while not on the network. When reconnecting to the database, all changes are synchronized with the other schedules. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual">Visual</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Visual"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common problem in project management is a difficulty with both viewing and understanding large amounts of fluctuating project data.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To tackle this, some project management software utilize <a href="/wiki/Information_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Information visualization">information visualization</a>, so that users can more easily find, analyze and make changes to their data. To avoid <a href="/wiki/Information_overload" title="Information overload">information overload</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the visualization mantra of “overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand” is often followed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_project_management_software" title="Comparison of project management software">Comparison of project management software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management_information_system" title="Project management information system">Project management information system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_portfolio_management" title="Project portfolio management">Project portfolio management</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projectmanagementhistory.com/The_Harmonogram.html">"The Harmonogram"</a>, <i>projectmanagementhistory.com</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aacei.org/aboutUs/">"About UsAACE International: The Authority for Total Cost Management"</a>, <i>aacei.org</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Per-Pro/Program-Evaluation-and-Review-Technique-PERT.html">"PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT)"</a>, <i>referenceforbusiness.com</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dau.mil/pubscats/pubscats/pm/articles02/lit-ma2.pdf">"“Breaking Down” The Work Breakdown Structure"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221132113/http://www.dau.mil/pubscats/PubsCats/PM/articles02/lit-ma2.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-12-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>dau.mil</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandro Azzopardi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/evolution-of-project-management.php">"THE EVOLUTION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT"</a>, <i>projectsmart.co.uk</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandro Azzopardi, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/history/index.html">"Oracle's History: Innovation, Leadership, Results"</a>, <i>oracle.com</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/14416/Metier-Artemis/">"Metier Artemis"</a>, <i>computinghistory.org.uk</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sei.cmu.edu/reports/93tr024.pdf">"Technical Report"</a>, <i>sei.cmu.edu</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aacei.org/tcmfree/tcmframework_webedition.pdf">"TOTAL COST MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530211731/http://www.aacei.org/tcmfree/tcmframework_webedition.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-05-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>aacei.org</i>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Task_management_software" title="Template:Task management software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Task_management_software" title="Template talk:Task management software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Task_management_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Task management software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Task_management_software_and_project_management_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Task_management" title="Task management">Task management</a> software and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">project management software</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airtable" title="Airtable">Airtable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Any.do" title="Any.do">Any.do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana,_Inc." title="Asana, Inc.">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basecamp_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basecamp (software)">Basecamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClickUp" title="ClickUp">ClickUp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easy_Redmine" title="Easy Redmine">Easy Redmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evernote" title="Evernote">Evernote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Tasks" title="Google Tasks">Google Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitica" title="Habitica">Habitica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HeySpace" title="HeySpace">HeySpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jira_(software)" title="Jira (software)">Jira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ManagePro" title="ManagePro">ManagePro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Planner" title="Microsoft Planner">Microsoft Planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_To_Do" title="Microsoft To Do">Microsoft To Do</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monday.com" title="Monday.com">Monday.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notion_(productivity_software)" title="Notion (productivity software)">Notion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupWise" title="GroupWise">Novell GroupWise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OmniFocus" title="OmniFocus">OmniFocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_Matrix" title="Priority Matrix">Priority Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remember_the_Milk" title="Remember the Milk">Remember the Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rework.com&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rework.com (page does not exist)">Rework.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShotGrid" title="ShotGrid">ShotGrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TaskCracker_for_Outlook" title="TaskCracker for Outlook">TaskCracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TaskJuggler" title="TaskJuggler">TaskJuggler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskwarrior" title="Taskwarrior">Taskwarrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskworld" title="Taskworld">Taskworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teamwork_(project_management)" title="Teamwork (project management)">Teamwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Things_(software)" title="Things (software)">Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trello" title="Trello">Trello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workflowy" title="Workflowy">Workflowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTrack" title="YouTrack">YouTrack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IQTELL" title="IQTELL">IQTELL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springpad" title="Springpad">Springpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunderlist" title="Wunderlist">Wunderlist</a></li> <li>Nitro</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Task_management_software" title="Category:Task management software">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Project Time Management. (2008). <cite>In A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide)</cite> (4th ed., p. 145). Newtown Square, Pa: Project Management Institute. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1933890517" title="Special:BookSources/978-1933890517">978-1933890517</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&oldid=1250433252">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Project_management_software&oldid=1250433252</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Project_management_software" title="Category:Project management software">Project management software</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2023">Articles needing additional references from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 October 2024, at 11:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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