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PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30876873/Polarographic_Electrode_Measures_of_Cerebral_Tissue_Oxygenation_Implications_for_Functional_Brain_Imaging"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="4890149" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4890149/Sustained_Negative_BOLD_Blood_Flow_and_Oxygen_Consumption_Response_and_Its_Coupling_to_the_Positive_Response_in_the_Human_Brain">Sustained Negative BOLD, Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption Response and Its Coupling to the Positive Response in the Human Brain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47897144" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosefPfeuffer">Josef Pfeuffer</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6373466" href="https://umn.academia.edu/PierreFrancoisVandeMoortele">Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuron, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sustained Negative BOLD, Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption Response and Its Coupling to the Positive Response in the Human Brain","attachmentId":32159764,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4890149/Sustained_Negative_BOLD_Blood_Flow_and_Oxygen_Consumption_Response_and_Its_Coupling_to_the_Positive_Response_in_the_Human_Brain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4890149/Sustained_Negative_BOLD_Blood_Flow_and_Oxygen_Consumption_Response_and_Its_Coupling_to_the_Positive_Response_in_the_Human_Brain"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19361905" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19361905/Trial_by_trial_relationship_between_neural_activity_oxygen_consumption_and_blood_flow_responses">Trial-by-trial relationship between neural activity, oxygen consumption, and blood flow responses</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39627693" href="https://pitt.academia.edu/AlbertoVazquez">Alberto Vazquez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Trial-by-trial variability in local field potential (LFP), tissue partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and deoxyhemoglobin-weighted optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) were tested in the rat somatosensory cortex while fixed electrical forepaw stimulation (1.0-ms pulses with amplitude of 1.2 mA at a frequency of 6 Hz) was repeatedly applied. The changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) were also evaluated using a hypotension condition established by our group based on the administration of a vasodilator. Under normal conditions, CBF, PO2, and OIS showed positive signal changes (48%, 32%, and 0.42%, respectively) following stimulation. Over multiple trials, the CBF responses were well correlated with the integral of the LFP amplitudes (sigmaLFP) (Rmean=0.78), whereas a lower correlation was found between PO2 and sigmaLFP (Rmean=0.60) and between OIS and sigmaLFP (Rmean=0.54). Under the hypotension condition the LFP responses were preserved, but the CBF responses were suppressed and the PO2 and OIS changes were negative (-12% and -0.28%, respectively). In this condition, the trial-by-trial variations in PO2 and OIS were well correlated with the variability in sigmaLFPs (Rmean= -0.77 and -0.76, respectively), indicating a single trial coupling between CMRO2 changes and sigmaLFP. These findings show that CBF and CMRO2 signals are more directly correlated with neural activity compared to blood oxygen-sensitive methods such as OIS and BOLD fMRI.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Trial-by-trial relationship between neural activity, oxygen consumption, and blood flow responses","attachmentId":42096008,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19361905/Trial_by_trial_relationship_between_neural_activity_oxygen_consumption_and_blood_flow_responses","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19361905/Trial_by_trial_relationship_between_neural_activity_oxygen_consumption_and_blood_flow_responses"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="59387105" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events">Cerebral oxygen demand for short-lived and steady-state events</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33062822" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BasavarajuSanganahalli">Basavaraju Sanganahalli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurochemistry, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cerebral oxygen demand for short-lived and steady-state events","attachmentId":73336336,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="15319461" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15319461/No_Increase_of_the_Blood_Oxygenation_Level_Dependent_Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_Signal_with_Higher_Field_Strength_Implications_for_Brain_Activation_Studies">No Increase of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal with Higher Field Strength: Implications for Brain Activation Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34423285" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/TracyFarr">Tracy Farr</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Experimental data up to 7.0 T show that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) increases with higher magnetic field strength. Although several studies at 11.7 T report higher BOLD signal compared with studies at 7.0 T, no direct comparison at these two field strengths has been performed under the exact same conditions. It therefore remains unclear whether the expected increase of BOLD effect with field strength will still continue to hold for fields7.0 T. To examine this issue, we compared the BOLD activation signal at 7.0 and 11.7 T with the two common sequences, spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) echo planar imaging (EPI). We chose the physiologically well controlled rat model of electrical forepaw stimulation under medetomidine sedation. While a linear to superlinear increase in activation with field strengths up to 7.0 T was reported in the literature, we observed no significant activation difference between 7.0 and 11.7 T with either SE or GE. Discussing the results in light of the four-component model of the BOLD signal, we showed that at high field only two extravascular contributions remain relevant, while both intravascular components vanish. Constancy of the BOLD effect is discussed due to motional narrowing, i.e., susceptibility gradients become so strong that phase variance of diffusing spins decreases and therefore the BOLD signal also decreases. This finding will be of high significance for the planning of future human and animal fMRI studies at high fields and their quantitative analysis.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"No Increase of the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal with Higher Field Strength: Implications for Brain Activation Studies","attachmentId":38632437,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15319461/No_Increase_of_the_Blood_Oxygenation_Level_Dependent_Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_Signal_with_Higher_Field_Strength_Implications_for_Brain_Activation_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15319461/No_Increase_of_the_Blood_Oxygenation_Level_Dependent_Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_Signal_with_Higher_Field_Strength_Implications_for_Brain_Activation_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":102486564,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":102486564,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_102486564" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="83727155" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83727155/A_New_Functional_MRI_Approach_for_Investigating_Modulations_of_Brain_Oxygen_Metabolism">A New Functional MRI Approach for Investigating Modulations of Brain Oxygen Metabolism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton">Richard b. 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Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PloS one, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A novel method of combining blood oxygenation and blood flow sensitive magnetic resonance imaging techniques to measure the cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism responses to an unknown neural stimulus","attachmentId":88978094,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83727160/A_novel_method_of_combining_blood_oxygenation_and_blood_flow_sensitive_magnetic_resonance_imaging_techniques_to_measure_the_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_metabolism_responses_to_an_unknown_neural_stimulus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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Using Bolus Tracking, Arterial Spin Labeling and BOLD Techniques</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47081559" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TieQiangLi">Tie-Qiang Li</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assessment of Hemodynamic Response during Focal Neural Activity in Human Using Bolus Tracking, Arterial Spin Labeling and BOLD Techniques","attachmentId":44751651,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24420576/Assessment_of_Hemodynamic_Response_during_Focal_Neural_Activity_in_Human_Using_Bolus_Tracking_Arterial_Spin_Labeling_and_BOLD_Techniques","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24420576/Assessment_of_Hemodynamic_Response_during_Focal_Neural_Activity_in_Human_Using_Bolus_Tracking_Arterial_Spin_Labeling_and_BOLD_Techniques"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="2675653" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2675653/Characterization_of_cerebral_blood_oxygenation_and_flow_changes_during_prolonged_brain_activation">Characterization of cerebral blood oxygenation and flow changes during prolonged brain activation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="159104" href="https://nih.academia.edu/PeterBandettini">Peter Bandettini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1997</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Characterization of cerebral blood oxygenation and flow changes during prolonged brain activation","attachmentId":30671924,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2675653/Characterization_of_cerebral_blood_oxygenation_and_flow_changes_during_prolonged_brain_activation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79594288/A_flow_diffusion_model_of_oxygen_transport_for_quantitative_mapping_of_cerebral_metabolic_rate_of_oxygen_CMRO2_with_single_gas_calibrated_fMRI"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="59838724" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59838724/Coupling_of_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_consumption_during_physiological_activation_and_deactivation_measured_with_fMRI">Coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption during physiological activation and deactivation measured with fMRI</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32210414" href="https://westernu.academia.edu/MamadouDiop">Mamadou Diop</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption during physiological activation and deactivation measured with fMRI","attachmentId":73554441,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59838724/Coupling_of_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_consumption_during_physiological_activation_and_deactivation_measured_with_fMRI","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59838724/Coupling_of_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_consumption_during_physiological_activation_and_deactivation_measured_with_fMRI"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="63243071" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63243071/Functional_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_FMRI_">Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="52931231" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MGemma1">M. 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