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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F83727155%2FA_New_Functional_MRI_Approach_for_Investigating_Modulations_of_Brain_Oxygen_Metabolism%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F83727155%2FA_New_Functional_MRI_Approach_for_Investigating_Modulations_of_Brain_Oxygen_Metabolism%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":88978089,"identifier":"Attachment_88978089","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":83727155,"created_at":"2022-07-25T10:03:23.533-07:00","from_world_paper_id":211293490,"updated_at":"2024-11-24T00:49:50.840-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","grobid_abstract":"Functional MRI (fMRI) using the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal is a common technique in the study of brain function. The BOLD signal is sensitive to the complex interaction of physiological changes including cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2). A primary goal of quantitative fMRI methods is to combine BOLD imaging with other measurements (such as CBF measured with arterial spin labeling) to derive information about CMRO 2. This requires an accurate mathematical model to relate the BOLD signal to the physiological and hemodynamic changes; the most commonly used of these is the Davis model. Here, we propose a new nonlinear model that is straightforward and shows heuristic value in clearly relating the BOLD signal to blood flow, blood volume and the blood flow-oxygen metabolism coupling ratio. The model was tested for accuracy against a more detailed model adapted for magnetic fields of 1.5, 3 and 7T. The mathematical form of the heuristic model suggests a new ratio method for comparing combined BOLD and CBF data from two different stimulus responses to determine whether CBF and CMRO 2 coupling differs. The method does not require a calibration experiment or knowledge of parameter values as long as the exponential parameter describing the CBF-CBV relationship remains constant between stimuli. The method was found to work well for 1.5 and 3T but is prone to systematic error at 7T. If more specific information regarding changes in CMRO 2 is required, then with accuracy similar to that of the Davis model, the heuristic model can be applied to calibrated BOLD data at 1.5T, 3T and 7T. Both models work well over a reasonable range of blood flow and oxygen metabolism changes but are less accurate when applied to a simulated caffeine experiment in which CBF decreases and CMRO 2 increases.","publication_date":"2013,,","publication_name":"PLoS ONE","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"88978089"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"A New Functional MRI Approach for Investigating Modulations of Brain Oxygen Metabolism","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [32478770]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":88978089,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “A New Functional MRI Approach for Investigating Modulations of Brain Oxygen Metabolism”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/88978089/mini_magick20220725-1-7a8rrs.png?1658768756" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">A New Functional MRI Approach for Investigating Modulations of Brain Oxygen Metabolism</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton"><img alt="Profile image of Richard b. 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data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton">Richard b. Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CBF/CMRO2 coupling measured with calibrated BOLD fMRI: Sources of bias","attachmentId":88978103,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83727138/CBF_CMRO2_coupling_measured_with_calibrated_BOLD_fMRI_Sources_of_bias","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83727138/CBF_CMRO2_coupling_measured_with_calibrated_BOLD_fMRI_Sources_of_bias"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="1637259" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1637259/Estimating_cerebral_oxygen_metabolism_from_fMRI_with_a_dynamic_multicompartment_Windkessel_model">Estimating cerebral oxygen metabolism from fMRI with a dynamic multicompartment Windkessel model</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1914910" href="https://dartmouth.academia.edu/SolomonGDiamond">Solomon G. Diamond</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Human Brain Mapping, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Stimulus evoked changes in cerebral blood flow, volume, and oxygenation arise from responses to underlying neuronally mediated changes in vascular tone and cerebral oxygen metabolism. There is increasing evidence that the magnitude and temporal characteristics of these evoked hemodynamic changes are additionally influenced by the local properties of the vasculature including the levels of baseline cerebral blood flow, volume, and blood oxygenation. In this work, we utilize a physiologically motivated vascular model to describe the temporal characteristics of evoked hemodynamic responses and their expected relationships to the structural and biomechanical properties of the underlying vasculature. We use this model in a temporal curve-fitting analysis of the high-temporal resolution functional MRI data to estimate the underlying cerebral vascular and metabolic responses in the brain. We present evidence for the feasibility of our model-based analysis to estimate transient changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in the human motor cortex from combined pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI. We examine both the numerical characteristics of this model and present experimental evidence to support this model by examining concurrently measured ASL, BOLD, and near-infrared spectroscopy to validate the calculated changes in underlying CMRO2. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Estimating cerebral oxygen metabolism from fMRI with a dynamic multicompartment Windkessel model","attachmentId":50890603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1637259/Estimating_cerebral_oxygen_metabolism_from_fMRI_with_a_dynamic_multicompartment_Windkessel_model","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1637259/Estimating_cerebral_oxygen_metabolism_from_fMRI_with_a_dynamic_multicompartment_Windkessel_model"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="83727146" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83727146/Modeling_the_hemodynamic_response_to_brain_activation">Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton">Richard b. Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modeling the hemodynamic response to brain activation","attachmentId":88978096,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83727146/Modeling_the_hemodynamic_response_to_brain_activation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83727146/Modeling_the_hemodynamic_response_to_brain_activation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="122661048" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122661048/Quantitative_mapping_of_cerebral_metabolic_rate_of_oxygen_CMRO2_using_quantitative_susceptibility_mapping_QSM_">Quantitative mapping of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="312913628" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Th%C3%A0nh%C4%90%E1%BB%A9cNguy%E1%BB%85n15">Thành Đức Nguyễn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Magnetic resonance in medicine : official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To quantitatively map cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ( CMRO2) and oxygen extraction fraction ( OEF) in human brains using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and arterial spin labeling-measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after caffeine vasoconstriction. Using the multiecho, three-dimensional gradient echo sequence and an oral bolus of 200 mg caffeine, whole brain CMRO2 and OEF were mapped at 3-mm isotropic resolution on 13 healthy subjects. The QSM-based CMRO2 was compared with an R2*-based CMRO2 to analyze the regional consistency within cortical gray matter (CGM) with the scaling in the R2* method set to provide same total CMRO2 as the QSM method for each subject. Compared to precaffeine, susceptibility increased (5.1 ± 1.1 ppb; P…</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantitative mapping of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)","attachmentId":117282913,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122661048/Quantitative_mapping_of_cerebral_metabolic_rate_of_oxygen_CMRO2_using_quantitative_susceptibility_mapping_QSM_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122661048/Quantitative_mapping_of_cerebral_metabolic_rate_of_oxygen_CMRO2_using_quantitative_susceptibility_mapping_QSM_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88978089,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88978089,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_88978089" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="32961926" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32961926/Time_Resolved_MRI_Oximetry_for_Quantifying_CMRO2_and_Vascular_Reactivity">Time-Resolved MRI Oximetry for Quantifying CMRO2 and Vascular Reactivity</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32495988" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanielLicht">Daniel Licht</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Academic Radiology, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Time-Resolved MRI Oximetry for Quantifying CMRO2 and Vascular 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translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59387105/Cerebral_oxygen_demand_for_short_lived_and_steady_state_events"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="40080226" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40080226/Caffeine_induced_uncoupling_of_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_metabolism_A_calibrated_BOLD_fMRI_study">Caffeine-induced uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism: A calibrated BOLD fMRI study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="99591191" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/AmyLansing">Amy Lansing</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Caffeine-induced uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism: A calibrated BOLD fMRI study","attachmentId":60286399,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40080226/Caffeine_induced_uncoupling_of_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_metabolism_A_calibrated_BOLD_fMRI_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32478770" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/RichardbBuxton">Richard b. Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Prospects for quantitative fMRI: Investigating the effects of caffeine on baseline oxygen metabolism and the response to a visual stimulus in humans","attachmentId":88978073,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83727139/Prospects_for_quantitative_fMRI_Investigating_the_effects_of_caffeine_on_baseline_oxygen_metabolism_and_the_response_to_a_visual_stimulus_in_humans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32210414" href="https://westernu.academia.edu/MamadouDiop">Mamadou Diop</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Coupling of cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption during physiological activation and deactivation measured with fMRI","attachmentId":73554441,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59838724/Coupling_of_cerebral_blood_flow_and_oxygen_consumption_during_physiological_activation_and_deactivation_measured_with_fMRI","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34561671" href="https://tohoku.academia.edu/HiroshiWatabe">Hiroshi Watabe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Theoretical Model of Oxygen Delivery and Metabolism for Physiologic Interpretation of Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolic Rate of Oxygen","attachmentId":43219013,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15416001/A_Theoretical_Model_of_Oxygen_Delivery_and_Metabolism_for_Physiologic_Interpretation_of_Quantitative_Cerebral_Blood_Flow_and_Metabolic_Rate_of_Oxygen","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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fraction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33462162" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/DanielBulte">Daniel Bulte</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sources of systematic error in calibrated BOLD based mapping of baseline oxygen extraction fraction","attachmentId":87323870,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81193307/Sources_of_systematic_error_in_calibrated_BOLD_based_mapping_of_baseline_oxygen_extraction_fraction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45594487" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GordonShulman">Gordon Shulman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Blood flow and oxygen delivery to human brain during functional activity: theoretical modeling and experimental data","attachmentId":72720049,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58187837/Blood_flow_and_oxygen_delivery_to_human_brain_during_functional_activity_theoretical_modeling_and_experimental_data","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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data-author-id="16492242" href="https://queensu.academia.edu/CMark">Clarisse Mark</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">NeuroImage, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Improved fMRI calibration: precisely controlled hyperoxic versus hypercapnic stimuli","attachmentId":37010726,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11336495/Improved_fMRI_calibration_precisely_controlled_hyperoxic_versus_hypercapnic_stimuli","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Can the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen be estimated with near-infrared spectroscopy?","attachmentId":93854203,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90235919/Can_the_cerebral_metabolic_rate_of_oxygen_be_estimated_with_near_infrared_spectroscopy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90235919/Can_the_cerebral_metabolic_rate_of_oxygen_be_estimated_with_near_infrared_spectroscopy"><span 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Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in neuroenergetics, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Interpreting oxygenation-based neuroimaging signals: the importance and the challenge of understanding brain oxygen metabolism","attachmentId":108793439,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109536613/Interpreting_oxygenation_based_neuroimaging_signals_the_importance_and_the_challenge_of_understanding_brain_oxygen_metabolism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Germuska</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Quantitative mapping of cerebral oxygen metabolism using breath-hold calibrated fMRI","attachmentId":86255599,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79594287/Quantitative_mapping_of_cerebral_oxygen_metabolism_using_breath_hold_calibrated_fMRI","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79594287/Quantitative_mapping_of_cerebral_oxygen_metabolism_using_breath_hold_calibrated_fMRI"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View 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