CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fire engine - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"41344cc9-d13b-4a5c-8457-9201e7676b1c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fire_engine","wgTitle":"Fire engine","wgCurRevisionId":1258309788,"wgRevisionId":1258309788,"wgArticleId":146363,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with Finnish-language sources (fi)","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use dmy dates from July 2020","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from April 2015","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Fire engines","Emergency vehicles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fire_engine","wgRelevantArticleId":146363,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q208281","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands" ,"architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg/1200px-Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg/800px-Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg/640px-Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fire engine - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_engine"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_engine"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fire_engine rootpage-Fire_engine skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fire+engine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fire+engine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fire+engine" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fire+engine" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Design and construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_and_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conventional_fire_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conventional_fire_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Conventional fire engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conventional_fire_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerial_apparatus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_apparatus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aerial apparatus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_apparatus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Turntable_ladder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turntable_ladder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Turntable ladder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turntable_ladder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiller_truck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiller_truck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Tiller truck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiller_truck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform_truck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform_truck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Platform truck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Platform_truck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildland_fire_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildland_fire_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Wildland fire engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildland_fire_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_tender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_tender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Water tender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_tender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport_crash_tender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport_crash_tender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Airport crash tender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport_crash_tender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Other vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hook_and_ladder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hook_and_ladder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hook and ladder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hook_and_ladder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_pumpers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_pumpers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Early pumpers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_pumpers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_aerials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_aerials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Early aerials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_aerials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fire engine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="سيارة إطفاء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيارة إطفاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi-l%C3%AAng-chhia" title="Chúi-lêng-chhia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi-lêng-chhia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пажарны аўтамабіль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пажарны аўтамабіль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пажарны аўтамабіль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пажарны аўтамабіль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Пожарна кола – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пожарна кола" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_de_bombers" title="Vehicle de bombers – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vehicle de bombers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D1%82-%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Вут-шар автомобилĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вут-шар автомобилĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasi%C4%8Dsk%C3%BD_automobil" title="Hasičský automobil – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hasičský automobil" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandbil" title="Brandbil – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brandbil" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuerwehrfahrzeug" title="Feuerwehrfahrzeug – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feuerwehrfahrzeug" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4%C3%A4steauto" title="Päästeauto – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Päästeauto" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%8C%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Πυροσβεστικό όχημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πυροσβεστικό όχημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh%C3%ADculo_de_bomberos" title="Vehículo de bomberos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vehículo de bomberos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhiltzaile-kamioi" title="Suhiltzaile-kamioi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suhiltzaile-kamioi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ماشین آتش‌نشانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماشین آتش‌نشانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourgon_d%27incendie" title="Fourgon d'incendie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fourgon d'incendie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coche_de_bombeiros" title="Coche de bombeiros – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coche de bombeiros" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%B0%A9%EC%B0%A8" title="소방차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소방차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%B7%D5%A5%D5%BB_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Հրշեջ տեխնիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրշեջ տեխնիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatrogasna_vozila" title="Vatrogasna vozila – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vatrogasna vozila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camion_de_pumperos" title="Camion de pumperos – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Camion de pumperos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כבאית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבאית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D1%82_%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Өрт сөндіру техникасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өрт сөндіру техникасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%80%D1%82_%D3%A9%D1%87%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D1%87_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Өрт өчүргүч автомобиль – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Өрт өчүргүч автомобиль" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F" title="ລົດອັກຄີໄຟ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລົດອັກຄີໄຟ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompjeesgefier" title="Pompjeesgefier – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pompjeesgefier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaisrinis_automobilis" title="Gaisrinis automobilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gaisrinis automobilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camios_di_pomper" title="Camios di pomper – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Camios di pomper" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%B1zolt%C3%B3aut%C3%B3" title="Tűzoltóautó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tűzoltóautó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9-l%E1%B9%B3%CC%80ng-chi%C4%83" title="Ké-lṳ̀ng-chiă – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké-lṳ̀ng-chiă" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="မီးသတ်ကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီးသတ်ကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandweervoertuig" title="Brandweervoertuig – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandweervoertuig" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2" title="दमकल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दमकल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8A" title="消防車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="消防車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannbil" title="Brannbil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brannbil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannbil" title="Brannbil – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brannbil" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoch%C3%B3d_po%C5%BCarniczy" title="Samochód pożarniczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Samochód pożarniczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carro_de_bombeiro" title="Carro de bombeiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carro de bombeiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autospecial%C4%83_pentru_interven%C8%9Bii_la_incendii" title="Autospecială pentru intervenții la incendii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Autospecială pentru intervenții la incendii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пожарный автомобиль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пожарный автомобиль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_ingine" title="Fire ingine – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Fire ingine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_engine" title="Fire engine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fire engine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasi%C4%8Dsk%C3%BD_automobil" title="Hasičský automobil – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hasičský automobil" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasilsko_vozilo" title="Gasilsko vozilo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gasilsko vozilo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dab_Damis" title="Dab Damis – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dab Damis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paloauto" title="Paloauto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paloauto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandfordon" title="Brandfordon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brandfordon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தீயணைப்பு வாகனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தீயணைப்பு வாகனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="รถดับเพลิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รถดับเพลิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0tfaiye_arac%C4%B1" title="İtfaiye aracı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtfaiye aracı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Пожежний автомобіль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пожежний автомобіль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xe_c%E1%BB%A9u_h%E1%BB%8Fa" title="Xe cứu hỏa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xe cứu hỏa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90" title="לעשאויטא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לעשאויטא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%87%AD%E8%BB%8A" title="火燭車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="火燭車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8A" title="消防車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="消防車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208281#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fire_engine" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fire_engine" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fire_engine" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&oldid=1258309788" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fire_engine&id=1258309788&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFire_engine"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFire_engine"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fire_engine&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fire_engines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208281" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Emergency vehicle intended to put out fires</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a specific type of fire apparatus. For firefighting apparatus in general, see <a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fire_engine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fire engine (disambiguation)">Fire engine (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_truck_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Fire truck (disambiguation)">Fire truck (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg/220px-Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg/330px-Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg/440px-Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2586" data-file-height="1939" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Scania_PRT-range" title="Scania PRT-range">Scania P280</a> fire engine used by the <a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside Fire and Rescue Service</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>fire engine</b> or <b>fire truck</b> (also spelled <b>firetruck</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a>, usually a specially-designed or modified <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">truck</a>, that functions as a <a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">firefighting apparatus</a>. The primary purposes of a fire engine include transporting <a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">firefighters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> to an incident as well as carrying equipment for <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">firefighting</a> operations in a <a href="/wiki/Fire_drill" title="Fire drill">fire drill</a>. Some fire engines have specialized functions, such as <a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">wildfire suppression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting" title="Aircraft rescue and firefighting">aircraft rescue and firefighting</a>, and may also carry equipment for <a href="/wiki/Technical_rescue" title="Technical rescue">technical rescue</a>. </p><p>Many fire engines are based on a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicle</a> <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a> that is further upgraded and customized for firefighting requirements. They are generally considered <a href="/wiki/Emergency_vehicle" title="Emergency vehicle">emergency vehicles</a> authorized to be <a href="/wiki/Emergency_vehicle_equipment" title="Emergency vehicle equipment">equipped</a> with <a href="/wiki/Emergency_vehicle_lighting" title="Emergency vehicle lighting">emergency lights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siren_(alarm)" title="Siren (alarm)">sirens</a>, as well as communication equipment such as two-way radios and mobile computer technology. </p><p>The terms <i>fire engine</i> and <i>fire truck</i> are often used interchangeably to a broad range of vehicles involved in firefighting; however, in some <a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">fire departments</a> they refer to separate and specific types of vehicle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_construction">Design and construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg/220px-Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg/330px-Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg/440px-Front_of_a_MAN_fire_engine_with_winch_and_shackles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Front of a <a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> fire engine with built-in <a href="/wiki/Winch" title="Winch">winch</a>, e.g. for towing damaged cars. The <a href="/wiki/Shackle" title="Shackle">shackles</a> serve a similar purpose.</figcaption></figure> <p>The design and construction of fire engines focuses greatly on the use of both active and passive warnings. Passive visual warnings involve the use of high contrast patterns to increase the noticeability of the vehicle. These types of warnings are often seen on older vehicles and those in <a href="/wiki/Developing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing countries">developing countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warnings_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warnings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More modern designs make use of <a href="/wiki/Retroreflector" title="Retroreflector">retroreflectors</a> to reflect light from other vehicles. Vehicles will also often have these reflectors arranged in a <a href="/wiki/Chevron_(insignia)" title="Chevron (insignia)">chevron</a> pattern along with the words <i>fire</i> or <i>rescue</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-warnings_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warnings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European countries commonly use a pattern known as <a href="/wiki/Battenburg_markings" title="Battenburg markings">Battenburg markings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the passive warnings, are active visual warnings which are usually in the form of flashing colored lights (also known as "<a href="/wiki/Light_bar#beacon_anchor" class="mw-redirect" title="Light bar">beacons</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Lightbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightbar">lightbars</a>"). These flash to attract the attention of other drivers as the fire truck approaches, or to provide warning to drivers approaching a parked fire truck in a dangerous position on the road. While the fire truck is headed towards the scene, the lights are always accompanied by loud audible warnings such as <a href="/wiki/Siren_(alarm)" title="Siren (alarm)">sirens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_horn" title="Air horn">air horns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-warnings_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warnings-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some fire engines in the United States are <a href="/wiki/Lime_(color)" title="Lime (color)">lime yellow</a> rather than red due to safety and ergonomics reasons. A 2009 study by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fire_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fire Administration">U.S. Fire Administration</a> concluded that fluorescent colors, including yellow-green and orange, are easiest to spot in daylight.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some regions, a fire engine may be used to transport first responder firefighters, <a href="/wiki/Paramedic" title="Paramedic">paramedics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_technician" title="Emergency medical technician">EMTs</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergencies</a> due to their proximity to the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conventional_fire_engine">Conventional fire engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conventional fire engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Engine_33_(6225707251).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An E-One engine used by the Boston Fire Department"><img alt="An E-One engine used by the Boston Fire Department" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Fire_Engine_33_%286225707251%29.jpg/120px-Fire_Engine_33_%286225707251%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Fire_Engine_33_%286225707251%29.jpg/180px-Fire_Engine_33_%286225707251%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Fire_Engine_33_%286225707251%29.jpg/240px-Fire_Engine_33_%286225707251%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2247" data-file-height="1619" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An E-One engine used by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Fire_Department" title="Boston Fire Department">Boston Fire Department</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandbil,_Huddinge,_20220902.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Scania engine used by the Södertörn fire service"><img alt="A Scania engine used by the Södertörn fire service" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Brandbil%2C_Huddinge%2C_20220902.jpg/120px-Brandbil%2C_Huddinge%2C_20220902.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Brandbil%2C_Huddinge%2C_20220902.jpg/180px-Brandbil%2C_Huddinge%2C_20220902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Brandbil%2C_Huddinge%2C_20220902.jpg/240px-Brandbil%2C_Huddinge%2C_20220902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a> engine used by the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%B6rn" title="Södertörn">Södertörn</a> fire service</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Ural engine used by the Russian State Fire Service"><img alt="An Ural engine used by the Russian State Fire Service" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg/120px-Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg/180px-Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg/240px-Ural_Next-based_fire_engine_in_Tomsk_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Ural_Automotive_Plant" title="Ural Automotive Plant">Ural</a> engine used by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Fire_Service" title="Russian State Fire Service">Russian State Fire Service</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Howo engine used by the Henan Fire Rescue Corps"><img alt="A Howo engine used by the Henan Fire Rescue Corps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg/120px-20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg/180px-20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg/240px-20230306_HOWO_T5G_340_fire_engine_in_Kaifeng.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Howo" class="mw-redirect" title="Howo">Howo</a> engine used by the <a href="/wiki/China_Fire_and_Rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="China Fire and Rescue">Henan Fire Rescue Corps</a></div> </li> </ul><p>The standard fire engine transports firefighters to the scene, carries equipment needed by the firefighters for most firefighting scenarios, and may provide a limited supply of water with which to fight the fire. The tools carried on the fire engine will vary greatly based on many factors including the size of the department and the usual situations the firefighters handle. For example, departments located near large bodies of water or rivers are likely to have some sort of <a href="/wiki/Swiftwater_rescue" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiftwater rescue">water rescue</a> equipment. Standard tools found on nearly all fire engines include <a href="/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder">ladders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_rescue_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic rescue tools">hydraulic rescue tools</a> (often referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Jaws_of_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaws of life">jaws of life</a>), <a href="/wiki/High-intensity_discharge_lamp" title="High-intensity discharge lamp">floodlights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">fire hose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">fire extinguishers</a>, self-contained breathing apparatus, and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging_camera_(firefighting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal imaging camera (firefighting)">thermal imaging cameras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact layout of what is carried on an engine is decided by the needs of the department. For example, fire departments located in metropolitan areas will carry equipment to mitigate hazardous materials and effect technical rescues, while departments that operate in the wildland-urban interface will need the gear to deal with brush fires. </p><p>Some fire engines have a fixed <a href="/wiki/Deluge_gun" title="Deluge gun">deluge gun</a>, also known as a master stream, which directs a heavy stream of water to wherever the operator points it. An additional feature of engines are their preconnected <a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">hose lines</a>, commonly referred to as <i>preconnects</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FEM-pre_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FEM-pre-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preconnects are attached to the engine's onboard water supply and allow firefighters to quickly mount an aggressive attack on the fire as soon as they arrive on scene.<sup id="cite_ref-FEM-pre_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FEM-pre-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the onboard water supply runs out, the engine is connected to more permanent sources such as <a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">fire hydrants</a> or <a href="/wiki/Water_tender" title="Water tender">water tenders</a> and can also use natural sources such as rivers or reservoirs by <a href="/wiki/Drafting_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Drafting water">drafting water</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerial_apparatus">Aerial apparatus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aerial apparatus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An aerial apparatus is a fire truck mounted with an extendable boom that enables firefighters to reach high locations. They can provide a high vantage point for spraying water and creating ventilation, an access route for firefighters and an escape route for firefighters and people they have rescued. In North America, aerial apparatuses are used for fire suppression, whereas in Europe, they are used more for rescue.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fe-2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fe-2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turntable_ladder">Turntable ladder</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turntable ladder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg/170px-Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg/255px-Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg/340px-Iveco_Eurocargo_-_Magirus_turntable_ladder_-_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2187" data-file-height="2856" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Iveco" title="Iveco">Iveco</a> turntable ladder used by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_General_Inspectorate_for_Emergency_Situations" title="Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations">Romanian General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A turntable ladder (TL) is an aerial apparatus with a large ladder mounted on a pivot which resembles a <a href="/wiki/Turntable" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable">turntable</a>, giving it its name. The key functions of a turntable ladder are allowing access or egress of firefighters and fire victims at height, providing a high-level water point for firefighting (elevated master stream), and providing a platform from which tasks such as ventilation or overhaul can be executed. </p><p>To increase its length and reach, the ladder is often <a href="/wiki/Telescoping_(mechanics)" title="Telescoping (mechanics)">telescoping</a>. Modern telescopic ladders may be <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic">hydraulic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatic</a>. These mechanical features allow the use of ladders which are longer, sturdier, and more stable. They may also have pre-attached hoses or other equipment. </p><p>The pivot can be mounted at the rear of the chassis or in the middle, just behind the cab. The latter is sometimes called a "mid-ship" arrangement, and it allows a lower travel height for the truck. </p><p>While the traditional characteristic of a TL was a lack of water pumping or storage, many modern TLs have a water pumping function built in (and some have their own on-board supply reservoir). Some may have piping along the ladder to supply water to firefighters at the top of the ladder, and some of these may also have a <a href="/wiki/Fire_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire monitor">monitor</a> installed at the top. Other appliances may simply have a track-way to securely hold a manually-run hose reel. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Quint"></span>In the United States, turntable ladders with additional functions such as an onboard pump, a water tank, <a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">fire hose</a>, aerial ladder and multiple <a href="/wiki/Ladder" title="Ladder">ground ladders</a>, are known as quad or <a href="/wiki/Quint_(fire_apparatus)" title="Quint (fire apparatus)">quint</a> engines, indicating the number of functions they perform.<sup id="cite_ref-Glossary_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glossary-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest TL in the world is the <a href="/wiki/Magirus" title="Magirus">Magirus</a> M68L, with a range of 68 meters (223.1 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tiller_truck">Tiller truck</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tiller truck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Hook-and-ladder"></span><span class="anchor" id="tiller_ladder"></span><span class="anchor" id="tiller_truck"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg/220px-LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg/330px-LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg/440px-LAFD_Truck_3_with_tiller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</a> tiller truck used by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Fire_Department" title="Los Angeles Fire Department">Los Angeles Fire Department</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, a tiller truck, also known as a tractor-drawn aerial (TDA<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), tiller ladder, or <a href="/wiki/Pike_pole" title="Pike pole">hook</a>-and-ladder truck, is a specialized turntable ladder mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Semi-trailer_truck" title="Semi-trailer truck">semi-trailer truck</a>. Unlike a commercial semi, the trailer and tractor are permanently combined and special tools are required to separate them. It has two drivers, with separate <a href="/wiki/Steering_wheel" title="Steering wheel">steering wheels</a> for front and rear wheels.<sup id="cite_ref-recruit-TDAs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recruit-TDAs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the main features of the tiller-truck is its enhanced maneuverability.<sup id="cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLO-tiller-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The independent steering of the front and back wheels allow the tiller to make much sharper turns, which is particularly helpful on narrow streets and in apartment complexes with maze-like roads.<sup id="cite_ref-recruit-TDAs_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recruit-TDAs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional feature of the tiller-truck is that its overall length, over 50 feet (15 m) for most models, allows for additional storage of tools and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLO-tiller-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extreme length gives compartment capacities that range between 500 and 650 cubic feet (14 and 18 m<sup>3</sup>) in the trailer with an additional 40 and 60 cubic feet (1.1 and 1.7 m<sup>3</sup>) in the cab.<sup id="cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLO-tiller-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some departments elect to use tiller-<a href="/wiki/Quint_(fire_apparatus)" title="Quint (fire apparatus)">quints</a>, which are tiller trucks that have the added feature of being fitted with an on-board water tank.<sup id="cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLO-tiller-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are particularly useful for smaller departments that do not have enough personnel to staff both an engine company and a truck company.<sup id="cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLO-tiller-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Platform_truck">Platform truck</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Platform truck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Snorkel"></span><span class="anchor" id="platform_truck"></span><span class="anchor" id="platform_ladder"></span><span class="anchor" id="aerial_platform"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roskilde_S1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roskilde_S1.jpg/220px-Roskilde_S1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roskilde_S1.jpg/330px-Roskilde_S1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Roskilde_S1.jpg/440px-Roskilde_S1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>An articulating platform truck used by the <a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a> fire brigade</figcaption></figure> <p>A platform truck carries an <a href="/wiki/Aerial_work_platform" title="Aerial work platform">aerial work platform</a>, also known as a basket or bucket, on the end of a ladder or boom. These platforms can provide a secure place from which a firefighter can operate. Many platforms also allow for rescues to be performed and are outfitted with tie down clips and <a href="/wiki/Rappelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Rappelling">rappelling</a> arms.<sup id="cite_ref-ferrara_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ferrara-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some booms are capable of <a href="/wiki/Articulated" class="mw-redirect" title="Articulated">articulating</a>, allowing the arm to bend in one or more places. This allows the platform truck to go "up and over" an obstacle, and is an advantage over the traditional platform ladder, which can only extend in a straight line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildland_fire_engine">Wildland fire engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wildland fire engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_engine" title="Wildland fire engine">Wildland fire engine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engine33ANF01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Engine33ANF01.jpg/220px-Engine33ANF01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Engine33ANF01.jpg/330px-Engine33ANF01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Engine33ANF01.jpg/440px-Engine33ANF01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2198" data-file-height="1326" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Navistar" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar">International</a> wildland fire engine used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_engine" title="Wildland fire engine">wildland fire engine</a> is a specialized fire engine that can negotiate difficult terrain for <a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">wildfire suppression</a>. A wildland fire engine is smaller than standard fire engines and has a higher <a href="/wiki/Ground_clearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground clearance">ground clearance</a>. They may also respond to emergencies in rough terrain where other vehicles cannot respond. Many wildland engines feature <a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">four-wheel drive</a> capability to improve hill climbing and rough terrain capability.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wildland apparatus can pump water while driving (compared to some traditional engines which must be stationary to pump water), allowing "mobile attacks" on vegetation fires to minimize the rate of spread.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Type_1"></span><span class="anchor" id="Type_2"></span><span class="anchor" id="wildland-urban_interface"></span> </p><p>Fire departments that serve areas along the <a href="/wiki/Wildland%E2%80%93urban_interface" title="Wildland–urban interface">wildland–urban interface</a> have to be able to tackle traditional urban fires as well as wildland fires.<sup id="cite_ref-FEM-interface_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FEM-interface-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Departments in these areas often use a wildland-urban interface engine, which combine features of a standard fire engine with that of a wildland fire engine.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2015)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_tender">Water tender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Water tender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMSDF_Water_tender(Isuzu_Forward,_41-8056)_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30,_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/JMSDF_Water_tender%28Isuzu_Forward%2C_41-8056%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30%2C_2017.jpg/220px-JMSDF_Water_tender%28Isuzu_Forward%2C_41-8056%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30%2C_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/JMSDF_Water_tender%28Isuzu_Forward%2C_41-8056%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30%2C_2017.jpg/330px-JMSDF_Water_tender%28Isuzu_Forward%2C_41-8056%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30%2C_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/JMSDF_Water_tender%28Isuzu_Forward%2C_41-8056%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30%2C_2017.jpg/440px-JMSDF_Water_tender%28Isuzu_Forward%2C_41-8056%29_right_front_view_at_Kanoya_Air_Base_April_30%2C_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3376" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_tender" title="Water tender">water tender</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Water_tender" title="Water tender">water tender</a> is a specialist fire appliance with the primary purpose of transporting large amounts of water to the fire area to make it available for extinguishing operations. These are especially useful in rural areas where fire hydrants are not readily available and natural water resources are insufficient or difficult to exploit. </p><p>Most tankers have an on-board pumping system. This pump is often not of sufficient power to fight fires (as it is designed to be attached to a fire engine), but is more often used to draw water into the tender from hydrants or other water sources. Many tankers are equipped with fast-drain valves on the sides and back of the truck. This allows firefighters to empty thousands of gallons of water into a <a href="/wiki/Portable_water_tank" title="Portable water tank">portable water tank</a> in just a few seconds. </p><p>Most water tenders are designed to carry loads of 5,000–12,000 litres (1,100–2,600 imp gal).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport_crash_tender">Airport crash tender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Airport crash tender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg/220px-Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg/330px-Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg/440px-Whitehorse_International_Airport_ARFF_Striker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2389" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a> airport crash tender used by the <a href="/wiki/Erik_Nielsen_Whitehorse_International_Airport" title="Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport">Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport</a> fire department</figcaption></figure> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">airport crash tender</a> is a specialized fire engine designed for use at <a href="/wiki/Aerodrome" title="Aerodrome">aerodromes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-new-arff_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new-arff-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the features that make the airport crash tender unique are its ability to move on rough terrain outside the <a href="/wiki/Runway" title="Runway">runway</a> and airport area, large water capacity as well as a <a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">foam</a> tank, a high-capacity pump, and water/foam <a href="/wiki/Fire_monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire monitor">monitors</a>. Newer airport crash tenders also incorporate <a href="/wiki/Twin_agent_fire_extinguishing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin agent fire extinguishing system">twin agent</a> nozzles/injection systems that add dry chemical <a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">fire retardant</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Purple-K" title="Purple-K">Purple-K</a>) to create a stream of <a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">firefighting foam</a> which is able to stop the fire faster.<sup id="cite_ref-fr-arff_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fr-arff-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some also have <a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">gaseous fire suppression</a> tanks for electrical fires. These features give the airport crash tenders a capability to reach an airplane rapidly, and rapidly extinguish large fires with <a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">jet fuel</a> involved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_vehicles">Other vehicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other vehicles that are used by fire departments but may not be directly involved in firefighting may include </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire car">Fire car</a></li> <li>Fire investigation unit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_police" title="Fire police">Fire police</a> unit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_materials_apparatus" title="Hazardous materials apparatus">Hazardous materials apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_air_unit" title="Light and air unit">Light and air unit</a></li> <li>Marine rescue unit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_communications_vehicle" title="Mobile communications vehicle">Mobile communications vehicle</a></li> <li>Operational support unit</li></ul> </div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Mitsubishi Town Box kei car fire truck used by the Chichibu, Saitama fire department"><img alt="A Mitsubishi Town Box kei car fire truck used by the Chichibu, Saitama fire department" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg/120px-Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg/180px-Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg/240px-Japanese_Kei_car_Fire_apparatus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Town_Box" title="Mitsubishi Town Box">Mitsubishi Town Box</a> <a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">kei car</a> fire truck used by the <a href="/wiki/Chichibu,_Saitama" title="Chichibu, Saitama">Chichibu, Saitama</a> fire department</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chevrolet Suburban command vehicles used by the Seattle Fire Department"><img alt="Chevrolet Suburban command vehicles used by the Seattle Fire Department" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg/120px-Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg/180px-Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg/240px-Seattle_Fire_Department_-_Battalion_6_command_vehicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Suburban" title="Chevrolet Suburban">Chevrolet Suburban</a> command vehicles used by the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Fire_Department" title="Seattle Fire Department">Seattle Fire Department</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Scania hazardous materials vehicle used by ACT Fire and Rescue"><img alt="A Scania hazardous materials vehicle used by ACT Fire and Rescue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg/120px-ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg/180px-ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg/240px-ACTFB_HAZMAT-heo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Scania hazardous materials vehicle used by <a href="/wiki/ACT_Fire_and_Rescue" title="ACT Fire and Rescue">ACT Fire and Rescue</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Dennis Dart command post used by the Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service"><img alt="A Dennis Dart command post used by the Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg/120px-GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg/180px-GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg/240px-GLOUCESTERSHIRE_FIRE_AND_RESCUE_SERVICE._-_Flickr_-_secret_coach_park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1719" data-file-height="1140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Dart" title="Dennis Dart">Dennis Dart</a> command post used by the <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service">Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Marder infantry fighting vehicle converted for use as a firefighting vehicle by the German Fire Services"><img alt="A Marder infantry fighting vehicle converted for use as a firefighting vehicle by the German Fire Services" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG/120px-Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG/180px-Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG/240px-Hemer-L%C3%B6schpanzer1-Bubo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2584" data-file-height="1818" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Marder_(infantry_fighting_vehicle)" title="Marder (infantry fighting vehicle)">Marder</a> <a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">infantry fighting vehicle</a> converted for use as a firefighting vehicle by the <a href="/wiki/German_Fire_Services" title="German Fire Services">German Fire Services</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History"><span class="anchor" id="Horse-drawn"></span>History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg/170px-Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg/255px-Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg/340px-Feuerwehrmuseum-K%C3%BCbelspritze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2163" data-file-height="2747" /></a><figcaption>One of the simplest forms of <i>hand tub</i> type fire engines, engraving from the mid 17th century in Germany</figcaption></figure><p>An early device used to squirt water onto a fire was known as a <i>squirt</i> or <i>fire syringe</i>. Hand squirts and hand pumps are noted before <a href="/wiki/Ctesibius_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctesibius of Alexandria">Ctesibius of Alexandria</a> invented the first fire pump around the 2nd century B.C.,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an example of a force-pump possibly used for a fire-engine is mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Heron_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Heron of Alexandria">Heron of Alexandria</a>. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg/220px-L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg/330px-L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg/440px-L%C3%B6schmaschine_Hans_Hautsch_1650.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4071" data-file-height="2943" /></a><figcaption>Fire engine invented by Hans Hautsch</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1650, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Hautsch" title="Hans Hautsch">Hans Hautsch</a> built a fire engine with a compressed air vessel. On each side 14 men worked a piston rod back and forth in a horizontal direction. The air vessel, a type of pressure tank, issued an even stream despite the backward motion of the piston. This was made possible by a rotating pipe mounted on the hose which allowed the jet to reach heights up to 20 m (65.6 ft). Caspar Schott observed Hautsch's fire engine in 1655 and wrote an account of it in his <i>Magia Universalis.</i><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colonial laws in America required each house to have a bucket of water on the front stoop in preparation for fires at night. These buckets were intended for use by the initial <a href="/wiki/Bucket_brigade" title="Bucket brigade">bucket brigade</a> that would supply the water at fires. <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> obtained a hand-pumped fire engine in 1719, years after <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>'s 1654 model appeared there, made by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jenckes_Sr." title="Joseph Jenckes Sr.">Joseph Jenckes Sr.</a>, but before New York's two engines arrived from London. </p><p>By 1730, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Newsham" title="Richard Newsham">Richard Newsham</a>, in London, had made successful fire engines. He also invented those first used in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1731 where the amount of manpower and skill necessary for firefighting prompted <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> to found an organized fire company in 1737. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lote_(inventor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lote (inventor) (page does not exist)">Thomas Lote</a> built the first fire engine made in America in 1743. These earliest engines are called <i>hand tubs</i> because they are manually (hand) powered and the water was supplied by a bucket brigade dumping it into a tub (cistern) where the pump had a permanent intake pipe. </p><p>An important advancement around 1822 was the invention of an engine which could draft water from a water source. This rendered the bucket brigade obsolete. In 1822, a Philadelphia-based manufacturing company called <i>Sellers and Pennock</i> made a model called "The Hydraulion". It is said to be the first suction engine.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some models had the hard, suction hose fixed to the intake and curled up over the apparatus known as a squirrel tail engine. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png/220px-Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png/330px-Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png/440px-Burning_of_Pennsylvania_Hall.png 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Fire engine, Philadelphia, 1838, trying to save adjacent building. One firefighter (with helmet) directs the water; three to his left are manning the pump. Hand-colored. To the right of the engine is a hose truck.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_fire_engine,_1824.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edinburgh_fire_engine%2C_1824.JPG/220px-Edinburgh_fire_engine%2C_1824.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edinburgh_fire_engine%2C_1824.JPG/330px-Edinburgh_fire_engine%2C_1824.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Edinburgh_fire_engine%2C_1824.JPG/440px-Edinburgh_fire_engine%2C_1824.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2389" data-file-height="1893" /></a><figcaption>Manually drawn fire pump in service in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> in 1824</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg/220px-Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg/330px-Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg/440px-Brockhampton_Estate_-_horse-drawn_fire_pump.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3486" data-file-height="3015" /></a><figcaption>Horse-drawn fire pump given to <a href="/wiki/Brockhampton_Estate" title="Brockhampton Estate">Brockhampton Estate</a> in 1818</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest engines were small and were either carried by four men, or mounted on skids and dragged to a fire. As the engines grew larger they became horse-drawn and later self-propelled by steam engines.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg/220px-Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg/330px-Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg/440px-Antique_Japanese_Fire_pump.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Antique Japanese fire pump</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the mid-19th century, most fire engines were maneuvered by men, but the introduction of horse-drawn fire engines considerably improved the response time to incidents. The first self-propelled <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steam_pumper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steam pumper (page does not exist)">steam pumper</a> fire engine was built in New York in 1841. Unfortunately for the manufacturers, some firefighters sabotaged the device and its use of the first engine was discontinued. However, the need and the utility of power equipment ensured the success of the steam pumper well into the twentieth century. Many cities and towns around the world bought the steam fire engines. </p><p>Motorised fire engines date back to January 1897, when the Prefect of Police in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> applied for funds to purchase "a machine worked by petroleum for the traction of a fire-engine, ladders, and so forth and for the conveyance of the necessary staff of pompiers".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With great prescience the report states "If the experiment prove successful, as is anticipated, horses will eventually be entirely replaced by automobiles". This was, indeed, the case and motorised fire engines became commonplace by the early 20th century. By 1905, the idea of combining gas engine motor trucks into fire engines was attracting great attention; according to a <i><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a></i> article in that year,<sup id="cite_ref-PopMech1905v7n2p202_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopMech1905v7n2p202-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such trucks were rapidly gaining popularity in England. That same year, the <a href="/wiki/Knox_Automobile_Company" title="Knox Automobile Company">Knox Automobile Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, began selling what some<sup id="cite_ref-Arcadia_on_Knox_Auto_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arcadia_on_Knox_Auto-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have described as the world's first modern fire engine. A year later, the city of Springfield, Illinois, had filled their fire department with Knox engines. Another early motorized fire engine was developed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pirsch_and_Sons" title="Peter Pirsch and Sons">Peter Pirsch and Sons</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha, Wisconsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many years firefighters sat on the sides of the fire engines, or even stood on the rear of the vehicles, exposed to the elements. This arrangement was uncomfortable and dangerous (some firefighters were thrown to their deaths when their fire engines made sharp turns on the road), and today nearly all fire engines have fully enclosed seating areas for their crews. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hook_and_ladder">Hook and ladder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hook and ladder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg/220px-Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg/330px-Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg/440px-Zephyr_quick_step_as_performed_by_the_independent_blues_band_LCCN2003656623.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5740" data-file-height="4483" /></a><figcaption>A hook-and-ladder of the Pioneer, Hook and Lader Co.</figcaption></figure> <p>The "hook and ladder" was an early type of fire units known since late 1700s. It was a horse-drawn carriage which brought ladders and hooks to the fire place. Ladders were used for access to upper floors and the roof. "Hooks" were <a href="/wiki/Pike_pole" title="Pike pole">pike poles</a> used for pulling down and apart the burning construction.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_pumpers">Early pumpers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Early pumpers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_truck_and_firemen,_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fire_truck_and_firemen%2C_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg/220px-Fire_truck_and_firemen%2C_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fire_truck_and_firemen%2C_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg/330px-Fire_truck_and_firemen%2C_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Fire_truck_and_firemen%2C_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg/440px-Fire_truck_and_firemen%2C_NSW_Brigade_headquarters_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1022" /></a><figcaption>A fire engine in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, Australia in 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>Early pumpers used cisterns as a source of water. Water was later put into wooden pipes under the streets and a "fire plug" was pulled out of the top of the pipe when a suction hose was to be inserted. Later systems incorporated pressurized <a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">fire hydrants</a>, where the pressure was increased when a fire alarm was sounded. This was found to be harmful to the system and unreliable. Today's valved hydrant systems are kept under pressure at all times, although additional pressure may be added when needed. Pressurized hydrants eliminate much of the work in obtaining water for pumping through the engine and into the attack hoses. Many rural fire engines still rely upon cisterns or other sources for drafting water into the pumps. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steam_pumper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steam pumper (page does not exist)">Steam pumper</a> came in to use in the 1850s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_aerials">Early aerials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Early aerials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 19th century, means of reaching tall structures were devised. At first, manually extendable ladders were used; as these grew in length (and weight), they were put onto two large wheels. When carried by fire engines these <i>wheeled escape ladders</i> had the wheels suspended behind the rear of the vehicle, making them a distinctive sight. Before long, <i>turntable ladders</i>—which were even longer, mechanically extendable, and installed directly onto fire trucks—made their appearances. </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, turntable ladders were supplemented by the <a href="/wiki/Aerial_work_platform" title="Aerial work platform">aerial work platform</a> (sometimes called "cherry picker"), a platform or bucket attached onto a mechanically bending arm (or "snorkel") installed onto a fire truck. While these could not reach the height of similar turntable ladders, the platforms could extend into previously unreachable "dead corners" of a burning building. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_container#Containerized_firefighting_equipment" title="Roller container">Containerized firefighting equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_fire_engine" title="Electric fire engine">Electric fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_appliances_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire appliances in the United Kingdom">Fire appliances in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of firefighting terms">Glossary of firefighting terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_der_Heyden" title="Jan van der Heyden">Jan van der Heyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFPA_1901" title="NFPA 1901">NFPA 1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntable_ladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable ladder">Turntable ladder</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drehleiter" class="extiw" title="de:Drehleiter">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_stations" title="List of fire stations">List of fire stations</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-warnings-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warnings_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warnings_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warnings_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDallman" class="citation web cs1">Dallman, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307222530/http://www.911signalusa.com/what-type-fire-truck-lights-are-most-effective-a-281.html">"What Type Of Fire Truck Lights Are Most Effective"</a>. <i>911 Signal USA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.911signalusa.com/what-type-fire-truck-lights-are-most-effective-a-281.html">the original</a> on 7 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=911+Signal+USA&rft.atitle=What+Type+Of+Fire+Truck+Lights+Are+Most+Effective&rft.aulast=Dallman&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.911signalusa.com%2Fwhat-type-fire-truck-lights-are-most-effective-a-281.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053001/https://www.firerescue1.com/fire-products/vehicles/ambulances/articles/590231-Study-highlights-best-practices-for-emergency-vehicle-visibility-conspicuity/">"Study Highlights Best Practices for Emergency Vehicle Visibility, Conspicuity"</a>. <i>Fire Rescue 1</i>. 15 September 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firerescue1.com/fire-products/vehicles/ambulances/articles/590231-Study-highlights-best-practices-for-emergency-vehicle-visibility-conspicuity/">the original</a> on 24 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fire+Rescue+1&rft.atitle=Study+Highlights+Best+Practices+for+Emergency+Vehicle+Visibility%2C+Conspicuity&rft.date=2009-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firerescue1.com%2Ffire-products%2Fvehicles%2Fambulances%2Farticles%2F590231-Study-highlights-best-practices-for-emergency-vehicle-visibility-conspicuity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apa.org/topics/safety-design/fire-engine-color-safety">"Why lime-yellow fire trucks are safer than red"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a>. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+lime-yellow+fire+trucks+are+safer+than+red&rft.pub=American+Psychological+Association&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Ftopics%2Fsafety-design%2Ffire-engine-color-safety&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter A, Edgar C, Rutledge M: First Responder Handbook: Fire Service Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alaspää et al.: Uusi ensihoidon käsikirja. Tammi 2004. (New Handbook on Emergency care) <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-fire-engine.htm">"What is a Fire Engine?"</a>. <i>WiseGeek</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WiseGeek&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Fire+Engine%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.com%2Fwhat-is-a-fire-engine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FEM-pre-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FEM-pre_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FEM-pre_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeihbacher2000" class="citation journal cs1">Leihbacher, Doug (1 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-153/issue-4/features/features/preconnects-the-basics.html">"Preconnects: The Basics"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_Engineering_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire Engineering Magazine">Fire Engineering Magazine</a></i>. <b>153</b> (4)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Engineering+Magazine&rft.atitle=Preconnects%3A+The+Basics&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft.aulast=Leihbacher&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireengineering.com%2Farticles%2Fprint%2Fvolume-153%2Fissue-4%2Ffeatures%2Ffeatures%2Fpreconnects-the-basics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717103525/https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-6/features/fire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html">"United States vs. Europe"</a>. Fire Apparatus. 7 June 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-21/issue-6/features/fire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+vs.+Europe&rft.pub=Fire+Apparatus&rft.date=2016-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireapparatusmagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fprint%2Fvolume-21%2Fissue-6%2Ffeatures%2Ffire-apparatus-united-states-vs-europe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fe-2008-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fe-2008_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fireengineering.com/articles/2008/06/fire-commentary-european-firefighting-operations.html">"Fire Commentary: European Firefighting Operations"</a>. Fire Engineering. 12 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+Commentary%3A+European+Firefighting+Operations&rft.pub=Fire+Engineering&rft.date=2008-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireengineering.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F06%2Ffire-commentary-european-firefighting-operations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glossary-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glossary_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireserviceinfo.com/glossary.html">"Glossary"</a>. Fire Service Info<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glossary&rft.pub=Fire+Service+Info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireserviceinfo.com%2Fglossary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116131654/https://remiza.com.pl/dosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%C2%9Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza/">"Dosięgnąć nieba czyli M68L, najwyższa na świecie drabina hydrauliczna z windą ratowniczą!"</a> [Reach the Sky or the M68L, the world's tallest hydraulic rescue ladder! "] (in Polish). remiza.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://remiza.com.pl/dosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%C2%9Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza/">the original</a> on 16 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dosi%C4%99gn%C4%85%C4%87+nieba+czyli+M68L%2C+najwy%C5%BCsza+na+%C5%9Bwiecie+drabina+hydrauliczna+z+wind%C4%85+ratownicz%C4%85%21&rft.pub=remiza.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fremiza.com.pl%2Fdosiegnac-nieba-czyli-m68l-najwyzsza-na-%25C2%259Cswiecie-drabina-hydrauliczna-z-winda-ratownicza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spartaner.com/products/aerials/tractor-drawn-aerial/100-tractor-drawn-aerial/">"100′ Tractor Drawn Aerial - Spartan Emergency Response"</a>. 7 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100%E2%80%B2+Tractor+Drawn+Aerial+-+Spartan+Emergency+Response&rft.date=2018-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspartaner.com%2Fproducts%2Faerials%2Ftractor-drawn-aerial%2F100-tractor-drawn-aerial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recruit-TDAs-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-recruit-TDAs_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-recruit-TDAs_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvsec2013" class="citation news cs1">Avsec, Robert (23 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160527184437/https://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials">"Pros and cons of tractor-drawn aerials"</a>. Fire Recruit. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials">the original</a> on 27 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pros+and+cons+of+tractor-drawn+aerials&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.aulast=Avsec&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firerecruit.com%2Farticles%2F1436548-Pros-and-cons-of-tractor-drawn-aerials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLO-tiller-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SLO-tiller_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHines" class="citation web cs1">Hines, Charlie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slocity.org/Home/ShowDocument?id=66">"Fire Apparatus Utilized on Emergency Responses—Benefits of a Tiller"</a>. <i>City of San Luis Obispo</i>. Fire Chief<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+San+Luis+Obispo&rft.atitle=Fire+Apparatus+Utilized+on+Emergency+Responses%E2%80%94Benefits+of+a+Tiller&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slocity.org%2FHome%2FShowDocument%3Fid%3D66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ferrara-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ferrara_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315144217/http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Aerials/Platforms.html">"Platform Features"</a>. <i>Ferrara Fire</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Aerials/Platforms.html">the original</a> on 15 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ferrara+Fire&rft.atitle=Platform+Features&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferrarafire.com%2FApparatus%2FAerials%2FPlatforms.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501050059/http://www.nwcg.gov/general/memos/nwcg-006-2008.pdf">"Engine Types"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Wildfire Coordinating Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwcg.gov/general/memos/nwcg-006-2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Engine+Types&rft.pub=National+Wildfire+Coordinating+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwcg.gov%2Fgeneral%2Fmemos%2Fnwcg-006-2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231230053/http://sbcfire.ndic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Type-3-Engine.pdf">"Type 3 Engine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Santa Barbara County Fire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sbcfire.ndic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Type-3-Engine.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 31 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Type+3+Engine&rft.pub=Santa+Barbara+County+Fire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsbcfire.ndic.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2FType-3-Engine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FEM-interface-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FEM-interface_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2012" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Edward (1 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-165/issue-8/features/wildland-urban-interface-fires-managing-a-cascade-of-risk.html">"Wildland Urban Interface Fires: Managing A Cascade Of Risk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_Engineering_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire Engineering Magazine">Fire Engineering Magazine</a></i>. <b>165</b> (8)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Engineering+Magazine&rft.atitle=Wildland+Urban+Interface+Fires%3A+Managing+A+Cascade+Of+Risk&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=8&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireengineering.com%2Farticles%2Fprint%2Fvolume-165%2Fissue-8%2Ffeatures%2Fwildland-urban-interface-fires-managing-a-cascade-of-risk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150408001828/http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Wildland/TypeII/TypeII.html">"Wildland Type I & Type II"</a>. <i>Ferrara Fire</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ferrarafire.com/Apparatus/Wildland/TypeII/TypeII.html">the original</a> on 8 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ferrara+Fire&rft.atitle=Wildland+Type+I+%26+Type+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ferrarafire.com%2FApparatus%2FWildland%2FTypeII%2FTypeII.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salabrand.se/tankbil-4x2/">"Tankbil"</a>. Sala Brand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tankbil&rft.pub=Sala+Brand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsalabrand.se%2Ftankbil-4x2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new-arff-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new-arff_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrillo2014" class="citation journal cs1">Petrillo, Alan (29 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228185946/http://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-19/issue-9/features/protecting-airports-with-new-arff-designs-and-equipment.html">"Protecting Airports with New ARFF Designs and Equipment"</a>. <i>Fire Apparatus & Emergency Equipment</i>. <b>19</b> (9). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireapparatusmagazine.com/articles/print/volume-19/issue-9/features/protecting-airports-with-new-arff-designs-and-equipment.html">the original</a> on 28 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Apparatus+%26+Emergency+Equipment&rft.atitle=Protecting+Airports+with+New+ARFF+Designs+and+Equipment&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft.aulast=Petrillo&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireapparatusmagazine.com%2Farticles%2Fprint%2Fvolume-19%2Fissue-9%2Ffeatures%2Fprotecting-airports-with-new-arff-designs-and-equipment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fr-arff-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fr-arff_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaccaro2008" class="citation journal cs1">Vaccaro, Bob (31 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529020848/http://www.firefighternation.com/article/apparatus-innovations/latest-arff-apparatus-technology">"Latest ARFF Apparatus Technology"</a>. <i>FireRescue</i> (August 2008). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firefighternation.com/article/apparatus-innovations/latest-arff-apparatus-technology">the original</a> on 29 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FireRescue&rft.atitle=Latest+ARFF+Apparatus+Technology&rft.issue=August+2008&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft.aulast=Vaccaro&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firefighternation.com%2Farticle%2Fapparatus-innovations%2Flatest-arff-apparatus-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, Charles Frederick T.. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gjoDAAAAQAAJ">Fires, fire engines, and fire brigades: with a history of manual and steam fire engines, their construction, use, and management; remarks on fire-proof buildings ... statistics of the fire appliances in English towns; foreign fire systems; hints for the f</a></i>. London: Lockwood & Co., 1866. 335. Print.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Hornung: Die Entwicklung der Feuerlöschpumpe vom ausgehenden Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert. Eine technikgeschichtliche Betrachtung (3. Part). (Archive from 13. January 2015) In: VFDB-Zeitschrift. Nr. 4, 1960, S. 133–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rorer, Beverly, and Barbara Marinelli. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KeSDR86o4EEC">Images of America: Upper Darby</a></i>. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Pub., 2011. 112. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonfiremuseum.com/PhotoPages/Web_Fitzgerald/Fire%20Chiefs/slides/Amoskeag%20first%20self-propelled%20Steam%20Fire%20Engine.html">Manchester Locomotive Works first self-propelled Amoskeag Steam Fire Engine. Sold to Boston Fire department after use at Great Boston Fire of 1872</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150919000429/http://www.bostonfiremuseum.com/PhotoPages/Web_Fitzgerald/Fire%20Chiefs/slides/Amoskeag%20first%20self-propelled%20Steam%20Fire%20Engine.html">Archived</a> 19 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>www.bostonfiremuseum.com</i>, accessed 6 August 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Notes of the Month, The Automotor and Horseless Vehicle Journal, January 1897, p143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopMech1905v7n2p202-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopMech1905v7n2p202_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEditorial_staff1905" class="citation cs2">Editorial staff (February 1905), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wd4DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA202">"Motor fire engines popular in England"</a>, <i>Popular Mechanics</i>, <b>7</b> (2): 202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Motor+fire+engines+popular+in+England&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=202&rft.date=1905-02&rft.au=Editorial+staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWd4DAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arcadia_on_Knox_Auto-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arcadia_on_Knox_Auto_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001013914/http://www.arcadiapublishing.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=9780738504995&Store_Code=arcadia&search=MA&offset=100&filter_cat=&PowerSearch_Begin_Only=&sort=&range_low=&range_high=%20&srch_state=1">"Books about Knox Automobile Company—Historical Photos & Images of Knox Automobile Company"</a>. Arcadia Publishing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcadiapublishing.com/mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=9780738504995&Store_Code=arcadia&search=MA&offset=100&filter_cat=&PowerSearch_Begin_Only=&sort=&range_low=&range_high=%20%26srch_state%3D1">the original</a> on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Books+about+Knox+Automobile+Company%E2%80%94Historical+Photos+%26+Images+of+Knox+Automobile+Company&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcadiapublishing.com%2Fmm5%2Fmerchant.mvc%3FScreen%3DPROD%26Product_Code%3D9780738504995%26Store_Code%3Darcadia%26search%3DMA%26offset%3D100%26filter_cat%3D%26PowerSearch_Begin_Only%3D%26sort%3D%26range_low%3D%26range_high%3D%2520%2526srch_state%253D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ud8PAAAAIAAJ"><i>The American Peoples Encyclopedia Yearbook: Events and Personalities</i></a>. Spencer Press. 1955. p. 77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Peoples+Encyclopedia+Yearbook%3A+Events+and+Personalities&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Spencer+Press&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dud8PAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Larry Shapiro, "Hook and Ladders", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sG1_lIHoVFQC&pg=PA44">p.44</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fire_engines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fire engines">Fire engines</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firefighting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firefighting" title="Template:Firefighting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firefighting" title="Template talk:Firefighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firefighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firefighting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firefighting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">Firefighting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">Personnel and organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battalion_chief" title="Battalion chief">Battalion chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_fire_officer" title="Chief fire officer">Chief fire officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_captain" title="Fire captain">Fire captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_chief" title="Fire chief">Fire chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_officer" title="Station officer">Station officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_firefighter" title="Retained firefighter">Retained firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_marshal" title="Fire marshal">Fire marshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_police" title="Fire police">Fire police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighter_assist_and_search_team" title="Firefighter assist and search team">Firefighter assist and search team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">Handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_operations_firefighter" title="Special operations firefighter">Special operations firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_fire_department" title="Volunteer fire department">Volunteer fire department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_firefighting" title="Women in firefighting">Women in firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_firefighting_ranks" title="List of comparative firefighting ranks">Fire department ranks by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drill_tower" title="Drill tower">Drill tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">Fire department</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_departments" title="List of fire departments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout_tower" title="Fire lookout tower">Fire lookout tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_station" title="Fire station">Fire station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_tower" title="Hose tower">Hose tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_command_vehicle" title="Fire command vehicle">Fire command vehicle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_motorcycle" title="Fire motorcycle">Fire motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_materials_apparatus" title="Hazardous materials apparatus">Hazardous materials apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_air_unit" title="Light and air unit">Light and air unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quint_(fire_apparatus)" title="Quint (fire apparatus)">Quint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_vehicle" title="Rescue vehicle">Rescue vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tender" title="Water tender">Water tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting_equipment" title="Glossary of firefighting equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_gear" title="Bunker gear">Bunker gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_chair" title="Escape chair">Escape chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_blanket" title="Fire blanket">Fire blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_brigade_key" title="Fire brigade key">Fire brigade keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_bucket" title="Fire bucket">Fire bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">Fire hydrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_proximity_suit" title="Fire proximity suit">Fire proximity suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_shelter" title="Fire shelter">Fire shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_pole" title="Fireman's pole">Fireman's pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_switch" title="Fireman's switch">Fireman's switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">Flame retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_nozzle" title="Fog nozzle">Fog nozzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halligan_bar" title="Halligan bar">Halligan bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_suction_hose" title="Hard suction hose">Hard suction hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">Hazmat suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_bridge" title="Hose bridge">Hose bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_rescue_tool" title="Hydraulic rescue tool">Hydraulic rescue tool</a> ("Jaws of life")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_tool" title="Kelly tool">Kelly tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_roof_hook" title="New York roof hook">New York roof hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PASS_device" title="PASS device">PASS device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_pig_(tool)" title="The pig (tool)">The pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_water_tank" title="Portable water tank">Portable water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_saw" title="Rotary saw">Rotary saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_information_box" title="Secure information box">Secure information box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-contained_breathing_apparatus" title="Self-contained breathing apparatus">Self-contained breathing apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(alarm)" title="Siren (alarm)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">Smoke detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging_camera" title="Thermal imaging camera">Thermal imaging camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting" title="Glossary of firefighting">Terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backdraft" title="Backdraft">Backdraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barn_fire" title="Barn fire">Barn fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_fire" title="Chimney fire">Chimney fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man_zone" title="Dead man zone">Dead man zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_gun" title="Deluge gun">Deluge gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door_breaching" title="Door breaching">Door breaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_(water)" title="Draft (water)">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_alarm" title="False alarm">False alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_class" title="Fire class">Fire class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control" title="Fire control">Fire control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_safety" title="Fire safety">Fire safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_triangle" title="Fire triangle">Fire triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_carry" title="Fireman's carry">Fireman's carry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(construction)" title="Firewall (construction)">Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fire" title="Flash fire">Flash fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashover" title="Flashover">Flashover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">Gaseous fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-alarm_fire" title="Multiple-alarm fire">Multiple-alarm fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollover_(fire)" title="Rollover (fire)">Rollover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop,_drop_and_roll" title="Stop, drop and roll">Stop, drop and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_fire" title="Structure fire">Structure fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-in,_two-out" title="Two-in, two-out">Two-in, two-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(firefighting)" title="Ventilation (firefighting)">Ventilation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_Physical_Ability_Test" title="Candidate Physical Ability Test">Candidate Physical Ability Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_camp" title="Fire camp">Fire camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine_red" title="Fire engine red">Fire engine red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_firefighting" title="Geography of firefighting">Geography of firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_firefighting" title="History of firefighting">History of firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Fire_Fighters" title="International Association of Fire Fighters">International Association of Fire Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Firefighters%27_Day" title="International Firefighters' Day">International Firefighters' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firefighting_films" title="List of firefighting films">List of firefighting films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muster_(event)" title="Muster (event)">Muster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Florian" title="Saint Florian">Saint Florian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Firefighters_Games" title="World Firefighters Games">World Firefighters Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Police_and_Fire_Games" title="World Police and Fire Games">World Police and Fire Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_emergency_management" title="Wildfire emergency management">Wildfire emergency management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">Wildfire suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment <br />and tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_firefighting" title="Aerial firefighting">Aerial firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">Controlled burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driptorch" title="Driptorch">Driptorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_flapper" title="Fire flapper">Fire flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout_tower" title="Fire lookout tower">Fire lookout tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_rake" title="Fire rake">Fire rake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant_gel" title="Fire retardant gel">Fire retardant gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_trail" title="Fire trail">Fire trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebreak" title="Firebreak">Firebreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">Firefighting foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_bucket" title="Helicopter bucket">Helicopter bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_pack" title="Hose pack">Hose pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLeod_(tool)" title="McLeod (tool)">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Airborne_FireFighting_System" title="Modular Airborne FireFighting System">Modular Airborne FireFighting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_(tool)" title="Pulaski (tool)">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression_equipment_and_personnel" title="Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel">Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_engine" title="Wildland fire engine">Wildland fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_water_tender" title="Wildland water tender">Wildland water tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout" title="Fire lookout">Fire lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">Handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helitack" title="Helitack">Helitack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotshot_crew" title="Hotshot crew">Hotshot crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokejumper" title="Smokejumper">Smokejumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_module" title="Wildland fire module">Wildland fire module</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_in_ancient_Rome" title="Firefighting in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushfires_in_Australia" title="Bushfires in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfires_in_the_United_States" title="Wildfires in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wildfire_suppression_in_the_United_States" title="History of wildfire suppression in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_wildfires" title="List of Washington wildfires">Washington</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wildfire_terms" title="Glossary of wildfire terms">Glossary of wildfire terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildfires" title="List of wildfires">List of wildfires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire" title="Template:Fire">Template:Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire_protection" title="Template:Fire protection">Template:Fire protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Firefighting" title="Category:Firefighting"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firefighting" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Firefighting"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting" title="Glossary of firefighting"><b>Glossary</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_firefighting_articles" title="Index of firefighting articles"><b>Index</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_firefighting" title="Outline of firefighting"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208281#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017016-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85048481">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533683005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&oldid=1258309788">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&oldid=1258309788</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fire_engines" title="Category:Fire engines">Fire engines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Emergency_vehicles" title="Category:Emergency vehicles">Emergency vehicles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:Articles with Finnish-language sources (fi)">Articles with Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2020">Use dmy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_April_2015" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from April 2015">Articles lacking reliable references from April 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 01:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_engine&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rmdbt","wgBackendResponseTime":187,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.838","walltime":"1.102","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2584,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":83188,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1689,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":114086,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 875.198 1 -total"," 41.29% 361.367 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.46% 152.779 16 Template:Cite_web"," 13.79% 120.707 1 Template:Fire_fighting"," 13.44% 117.646 2 Template:Navbox"," 12.99% 113.676 1 Template:In_lang"," 9.04% 79.124 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.77% 50.516 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.65% 40.722 4 Template:Cite_journal"," 4.29% 37.551 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.492","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24114864,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.canary-84779d6bf6-mcz5d","timestamp":"20241122142024","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fire engine","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_engine","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208281","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208281","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-11-12T10:12:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T01:07:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2f\/Humberside_Fire_%26_Rescue_DH03P4_-_YT21_EHF.jpg","headline":"emergency vehicle intended to put out fires"}</script> </body> </html>