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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flammable_liquids:_Class_B_(US/EU/AU)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Flammable liquids: Class B (US/EU/AU)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flammable_liquids:_Class_B_(US/EU/AU)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flammable_gases:_Class_B_(US)_/_Class_C_(EU/AU)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flammable_gases:_Class_B_(US)_/_Class_C_(EU/AU)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flammable gases: Class B (US) / Class C (EU/AU)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flammable_gases:_Class_B_(US)_/_Class_C_(EU/AU)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal:_Class_D_(US/EU/AU)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal:_Class_D_(US/EU/AU)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Metal: Class D (US/EU/AU)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal:_Class_D_(US/EU/AU)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electrical:_Class_C_(US)_/_Class_E_(AU)_/_Unclassified_(EU)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electrical:_Class_C_(US)_/_Class_E_(AU)_/_Unclassified_(EU)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electrical: Class C (US) / Class E (AU) / Unclassified (EU)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electrical:_Class_C_(US)_/_Class_E_(AU)_/_Unclassified_(EU)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooking_oils_and_fats_(kitchen_fires):_Class_F_(EU/AU)_/_Class_K_(US)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooking_oils_and_fats_(kitchen_fires):_Class_F_(EU/AU)_/_Class_K_(US)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cooking oils and fats (kitchen fires): Class F (EU/AU) / Class K (US)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooking_oils_and_fats_(kitchen_fires):_Class_F_(EU/AU)_/_Class_K_(US)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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title="Clases de fuego – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clases de fuego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_de_feux" title="Classe de feux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe de feux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%B1zvesz%C3%A9lyess%C3%A9gi_oszt%C3%A1lyba_sorol%C3%A1s" title="Tűzveszélyességi osztályba sorolás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tűzveszélyességi osztályba sorolás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandklasse" title="Brandklasse – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandklasse" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannklasse_for_slokkemidler" title="Brannklasse for slokkemidler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brannklasse for slokkemidler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clas%C4%83_de_incendiu" title="Clasă de incendiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clasă de incendiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandklasse" title="Brandklasse – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Brandklasse" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BE%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="火灾分类 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火灾分类" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q748698#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Fire+class%22">"Fire class"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Fire+class%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Fire+class%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Fire+class%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Fire+class%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Fire+class%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>fire class</b> is a system of categorizing <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a> with regard to the type of material and <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a> for <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">combustion</a>. Class letters are often assigned to the different types of fire, but these differ between territories; there are separate standards for the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (NFPA 10 Chapter 5.2.1-5.2.5), <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (DIN EN2 Classification of fires (European Standard) ISO3941 Classification of fires (International Standard), and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> (AS/NZS 1850). The fire class is used to determine the types of extinguishing agents that can be used for that category.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordinary_combustibles:_Class_A_(US/EU/AU)"><span id="Ordinary_combustibles:_Class_A_.28US.2FEU.2FAU.29"></span>Ordinary combustibles: Class A (US/EU/AU)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ordinary combustibles: Class A (US/EU/AU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Combustible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fire_Combustible.png/60px-Fire_Combustible.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fire_Combustible.png/90px-Fire_Combustible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Fire_Combustible.png/120px-Fire_Combustible.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Class A fires consist of ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, fabric, and most kinds of trash. They may be extinguished by water, wet chemical suppression, or dry chemical powder.<sup id="cite_ref-IFSTA-10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFSTA-10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flammable_liquids:_Class_B_(US/EU/AU)"><span id="Flammable_liquids:_Class_B_.28US.2FEU.2FAU.29"></span>Flammable liquids: Class B (US/EU/AU)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Flammable liquids: Class B (US/EU/AU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Class_B_fire" title="Class B fire">Class B fire</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Liquid.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fire_Liquid.png/60px-Fire_Liquid.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fire_Liquid.png/90px-Fire_Liquid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Fire_Liquid.png/120px-Fire_Liquid.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Extincteur-p1010032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Extincteur-p1010032.jpg/170px-Extincteur-p1010032.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Extincteur-p1010032.jpg/255px-Extincteur-p1010032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Extincteur-p1010032.jpg/340px-Extincteur-p1010032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1812" /></a><figcaption>A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher rated for flammable liquids and gasses</figcaption></figure> <p>Class B fires are those where the fuel is flammable or combustible liquid. The US system includes flammable gases in their "Class B".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the European/Australian system, flammable liquids are designated "Class B" having flash point less than 100 °C (212 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fires follow the same basic <a href="/wiki/Fire_tetrahedron" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire tetrahedron">fire tetrahedron</a> (heat, fuel, oxygen, chemical reaction) as ordinary combustible fires, except that the fuel in question is a flammable liquid such as gasoline, or gas such as <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>. A solid stream of water should never be used to extinguish this type because it can cause the fuel to scatter, spreading the flames. </p><p>The most effective way to extinguish a liquid fire is by inhibiting the chemical chain reaction of the fire, which can be done by dry chemical or <a href="/wiki/Halomethane" title="Halomethane">Halon</a> extinguishing agents. Smothering with <a href="/wiki/CO2" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2">CO<sub>2</sub></a> or, for liquids, foam is also effective. Halon has fallen out of favor in recent times (except for aircraft fire extinguishing systems) because it is an <a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">ozone-depleting</a> material; the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Protocol" title="Montreal Protocol">Montreal Protocol</a> declares that Halon should no longer be used. Chemicals such as <a href="/wiki/FM-200" class="mw-redirect" title="FM-200">FM-200</a> are now the recommended halogenated suppressant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flammable_gases:_Class_B_(US)_/_Class_C_(EU/AU)"><span id="Flammable_gases:_Class_B_.28US.29_.2F_Class_C_.28EU.2FAU.29"></span>Flammable gases: Class B (US) / Class C (EU/AU)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flammable gases: Class B (US) / Class C (EU/AU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Gas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fire_Gas.png/60px-Fire_Gas.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fire_Gas.png/90px-Fire_Gas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Fire_Gas.png/120px-Fire_Gas.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Fires where the fuel is flammable or combustible gas are classified as "Class C" in the European/Australian system, and "Class B" along with flammable liquids in the US system. Due to the gaseous nature of the fuel, these fires are difficult to extinguish. The most effective techniques for the control of a flammable gas fire are to stop the flow of fuel (by turning off any gas taps or valves) or to displace the oxygen. Control of fires involving flammable gases where the gas source cannot be controlled must be carefully managed. If the flames are extinguished, but the gas continues to leak, an explosive atmosphere may be created, and the gas may find a source for reignition outside of the originally affected area. Strategies employed to manage these fires may include trying to direct or contain the fire to prevent the ignition of other fuels whilst work is done to control the fuel supply. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metal:_Class_D_(US/EU/AU)"><span id="Metal:_Class_D_.28US.2FEU.2FAU.29"></span>Metal: Class D (US/EU/AU)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metal: Class D (US/EU/AU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Metal"></span> </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Metal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Fire_Metal.png/60px-Fire_Metal.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Fire_Metal.png/90px-Fire_Metal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Fire_Metal.png/120px-Fire_Metal.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Class D fires involve combustible metals – especially <a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">alkali metals</a> like <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metals</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">group 4 elements</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IFSTA-10_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFSTA-10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metal fires represent a unique hazard because people are often not aware of the characteristics of these fires and are not properly prepared to fight them. It is also not always clear what type of metal is burning. Therefore, even a small metal fire can spread and become a larger fire in the surrounding ordinary combustible materials. Certain metals <a href="/wiki/Pyrophoricity" title="Pyrophoricity">catch fire in contact with air or water</a> (for example, <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>), which exacerbates this risk. Monolithic masses of combustible metals do not usually represent great fire risks because heat is conducted away from hot spots so efficiently that the heat of combustion cannot be maintained. In consequence, significant heat energy is required to ignite a contiguous mass of combustible metal. Generally, metal fires are a hazard when the metal is in the form of <a href="/wiki/Sawdust" title="Sawdust">sawdust</a>, machine <a href="/wiki/Shavings" class="mw-redirect" title="Shavings">shavings</a>, or other metal "fines", which combust more rapidly than larger blocks due to their increased <a href="/wiki/Surface-area-to-volume_ratio" title="Surface-area-to-volume ratio">surface-area-to-volume ratio</a>. Metal fires can be ignited by the same ignition sources that would start other common fires. </p><p>Special care must be taken when extinguishing metal fires. Water and other common firefighting agents can exacerbate metal fires and make them worse. The <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> recommends that metal fires be fought with dry powder extinguishing agents that work by smothering and heat absorption.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Different metals require different extinguishing agents and for a particular metal, agents cannot necessarily be substituted for one another. The most common agents are <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> granules and <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> powder. In recent years, powdered <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> has also come into use. These <i>dry powder</i> extinguishers should not be confused with those that contain <i>dry chemical</i> agents. The two are not the same, and only dry powder should be used to extinguish a metal fire. Using a dry chemical extinguisher in error, in place of dry powder, can be ineffective or actually increase the intensity of a metal fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electrical:_Class_C_(US)_/_Class_E_(AU)_/_Unclassified_(EU)"><span id="Electrical:_Class_C_.28US.29_.2F_Class_E_.28AU.29_.2F_Unclassified_.28EU.29"></span>Electrical: Class C (US) / Class E (AU) / Unclassified (EU)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electrical: Class C (US) / Class E (AU) / Unclassified (EU)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Electrical"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Electrical fire" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Electric_fire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Electric fire (disambiguation)">Electric fire</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Electrical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Fire_Electrical.png/60px-Fire_Electrical.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Fire_Electrical.png/90px-Fire_Electrical.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Fire_Electrical.png/120px-Fire_Electrical.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg/170px-Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg/255px-Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg/340px-Damage_from_energized_fallen_power_line_caused_by_Hurricane_Maria_in_Puerto_Rico.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Road damage from an electrical fire caused by energized fallen power line caused by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Hurricane Maria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Fires predominantly involving electricity have different classifications in each of the three systems. They are classified as a "Class E" fire under the Australian system, "Class C" under the American system,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are classified based on the ignited fuel type under the European system (which previously shared the "Class E" classification with the Australian system). Electrical fires are fires involving potentially energized <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electrical</a> equipment. This sort of fire may be caused by short-circuiting machinery or overloaded electrical cables. These fires can be a severe hazard to firefighters using water or other conductive agents, as electricity may be conducted from the fire, through water, to the firefighter's body, and then <a href="/wiki/Ground_(electrical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground (electrical)">earth</a>. <a href="/wiki/Electrical_shocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical shocks">Electrical shocks</a> have caused many firefighter deaths. </p><p>Electrical fire may be fought in the same way as an ordinary combustible fire, but water, foam, and other conductive agents are not to be used. While the fire is or possibly could be electrically energized, it can be fought with any extinguishing agent rated for electrical fire. <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">Carbon dioxide</a> CO<sub>2</sub>, NOVEC 1230, <a href="/wiki/FM-200" class="mw-redirect" title="FM-200">FM-200</a> and dry chemical powder extinguishers and even baking soda are especially suited to extinguishing this sort of fire. <a href="/wiki/Purple-K" title="Purple-K">PKP</a> should be a last resort solution to extinguishing the fire due to its corrosive tendencies. Once electricity is shut off to the equipment involved, it will generally become an ordinary combustible fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooking_oils_and_fats_(kitchen_fires):_Class_F_(EU/AU)_/_Class_K_(US)"><span id="Cooking_oils_and_fats_.28kitchen_fires.29:_Class_F_.28EU.2FAU.29_.2F_Class_K_.28US.29"></span>Cooking oils and fats (kitchen fires): Class F (EU/AU) / Class K (US)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cooking oils and fats (kitchen fires): Class F (EU/AU) / Class K (US)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_Cooking_Oil.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fire_Cooking_Oil.png/60px-Fire_Cooking_Oil.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fire_Cooking_Oil.png/90px-Fire_Cooking_Oil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Fire_Cooking_Oil.png/120px-Fire_Cooking_Oil.png 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chip-pan-fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chip-pan-fire.jpg/170px-Chip-pan-fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chip-pan-fire.jpg/255px-Chip-pan-fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Chip-pan-fire.jpg/340px-Chip-pan-fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Laboratory simulation of a <a href="/wiki/Chip_pan" title="Chip pan">chip pan</a> fire: a beaker containing wax is heated until it catches fire. A small amount of water is then poured into the beaker. The water vaporizes instantly (<i><a href="/wiki/Boilover#Related_phenomena" title="Boilover">slopover</a></i>), expanding to 1700 times its volume,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ejecting a plume of burning liquid wax into the air.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fires involving cooking oils and fats are classified as "Class F" under the European and Australian systems, and "Class K" under the American system. Though such fires are technically a subclass of the flammable liquid/gas class, the special characteristics of these types of fires, namely the higher flash point, are considered important enough to recognize separately. Some special extinguishers designed for this use smother the fire by turning the oil into a foam. As with Class B fires, a solid stream of water should never be used to extinguish this type because it can cause the fuel to scatter, spreading the flames. Commercial kitchens may also have a fire suppression system built into the exhaust hood to release an extinguishing agent onto the stove top, releasing automatically with a fusible link or manually using a pull station. </p><p>If a <a href="/wiki/Fire_blanket" title="Fire blanket">fire blanket</a> is used to extinguish burning liquids the liquid can soak into the blanket. A hot liquid might then lead to the self-ignition of the blanket. A blanket must therefore only be used if it does not act as a <a href="/wiki/Capillary_action" title="Capillary action">wick</a> or if it is heavy enough to cool the liquid down below <a href="/wiki/Autoignition_temperature" title="Autoignition temperature">autoignition temperature</a>. Preferably a lid or a similar solid item should be used to seal the burning container off from the surrounding atmosphere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control" title="Fire control">Fire control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Fire Detection and Suppression Systems</i> (Third ed.). Stillwater, OK: International Fire Service Training Association. 2005. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87939-267-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87939-267-3"><bdi>0-87939-267-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62785313">62785313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+Detection+and+Suppression+Systems&rft.place=Stillwater%2C+OK&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=International+Fire+Service+Training+Association&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62785313&rft.isbn=0-87939-267-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+class" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IFSTA-10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IFSTA-10_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IFSTA-10_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Fire Detection and Suppression Systems</i> (Third ed.). Stillwater, OK: International Fire Service Training Association. 2005. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87939-267-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87939-267-3"><bdi>0-87939-267-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62785313">62785313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fire+Detection+and+Suppression+Systems&rft.place=Stillwater%2C+OK&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=International+Fire+Service+Training+Association&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62785313&rft.isbn=0-87939-267-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+class" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190530154609/https://www.usfa.fema.gov/prevention/outreach/extinguishers.html">"Choosing and using fire extinguishers"</a>. <i>U.S. Fire Administration</i>. 2017-12-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usfa.fema.gov/prevention/outreach/extinguishers.html">the original</a> on 2019-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Fire+Administration&rft.atitle=Choosing+and+using+fire+extinguishers&rft.date=2017-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usfa.fema.gov%2Fprevention%2Foutreach%2Fextinguishers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+class" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treadwell-property.co.uk/jw2sbx/a959c3-which-class-of-fires-consists-of-flammable-liquids">"which class of fires consists of flammable liquids"</a>. <i>Treadwell</i>. 2021-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-13</span></span>. <q>In the European/Australian system, flammable liquids are designated "Class B" having flash point less than 100°C.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Treadwell&rft.atitle=which+class+of+fires+consists+of+flammable+liquids&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreadwell-property.co.uk%2Fjw2sbx%2Fa959c3-which-class-of-fires-consists-of-flammable-liquids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+class" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHusebye2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Husebye, Johanna Magdalena (2023-01-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrk.no/dokumentar/xl/ekteparet-i-det-brennende-huset-1.16156868">"«Det brenner!» roper Marie (84) – men Jan (81) kommer seg ikke ut"</a>. <i>NRK</i> (in Norwegian Bokmål)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NRK&rft.atitle=%C2%ABDet+brenner%21%C2%BB+roper+Marie+%2884%29+%E2%80%93+men+Jan+%2881%29+kommer+seg+ikke+ut&rft.date=2023-01-21&rft.aulast=Husebye&rft.aufirst=Johanna+Magdalena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fdokumentar%2Fxl%2Fekteparet-i-det-brennende-huset-1.16156868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+class" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_class&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080401035246/http://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/extmark.html">Classification of Portable Fire Extinguishers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/portable_about.html">Evacuation Plans and Procedures eTool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firesafe.org.uk/html/fsequip/exting.htm">Information on Fire Extinguishers</a>, The Fire Safety Advice Centre</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://futurafire.com/fire-class/">Australian Fire Classes</a>, Futura Fire – Australia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080508224118/http://www.fireservice.com.au/extinguisher.html">For Fire Extinguishers</a>, Wollongong Extinguisher Service-Australia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em"><a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">Firefighting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">Personnel and organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battalion_chief" title="Battalion chief">Battalion chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_fire_officer" title="Chief fire officer">Chief fire officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_captain" title="Fire captain">Fire captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_chief" title="Fire chief">Fire chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_officer" title="Station officer">Station officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_firefighter" title="Retained firefighter">Retained firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_marshal" title="Fire marshal">Fire marshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_police" title="Fire police">Fire police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighter_assist_and_search_team" title="Firefighter assist and search team">Firefighter assist and search team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">Handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_operations_firefighter" title="Special operations firefighter">Special operations firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_fire_department" title="Volunteer fire department">Volunteer fire department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_firefighting" title="Women in firefighting">Women in firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_firefighting_ranks" title="List of comparative firefighting ranks">Fire department ranks by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drill_tower" title="Drill tower">Drill tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">Fire department</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_departments" title="List of fire departments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout_tower" title="Fire lookout tower">Fire lookout tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_station" title="Fire station">Fire station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_tower" title="Hose tower">Hose tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_command_vehicle" title="Fire command vehicle">Fire command vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine" title="Fire engine">Fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_motorcycle" title="Fire motorcycle">Fire motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_materials_apparatus" title="Hazardous materials apparatus">Hazardous materials apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_air_unit" title="Light and air unit">Light and air unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quint_(fire_apparatus)" title="Quint (fire apparatus)">Quint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_vehicle" title="Rescue vehicle">Rescue vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tender" title="Water tender">Water tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting_equipment" title="Glossary of firefighting equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_gear" title="Bunker gear">Bunker gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_chair" title="Escape chair">Escape chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_blanket" title="Fire blanket">Fire blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_brigade_key" title="Fire brigade key">Fire brigade keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_bucket" title="Fire bucket">Fire bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">Fire hydrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_proximity_suit" title="Fire proximity suit">Fire proximity suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_shelter" title="Fire shelter">Fire shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_pole" title="Fireman's pole">Fireman's pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_switch" title="Fireman's switch">Fireman's switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">Flame retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_nozzle" title="Fog nozzle">Fog nozzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halligan_bar" title="Halligan bar">Halligan bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_suction_hose" title="Hard suction hose">Hard suction hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">Hazmat suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_bridge" title="Hose bridge">Hose bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_rescue_tool" title="Hydraulic rescue tool">Hydraulic rescue tool</a> ("Jaws of life")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_tool" title="Kelly tool">Kelly tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_roof_hook" title="New York roof hook">New York roof hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PASS_device" title="PASS device">PASS device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_pig_(tool)" title="The pig (tool)">The pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_water_tank" title="Portable water tank">Portable water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_saw" title="Rotary saw">Rotary saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_information_box" title="Secure information box">Secure information box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-contained_breathing_apparatus" title="Self-contained breathing apparatus">Self-contained breathing apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(alarm)" title="Siren (alarm)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">Smoke detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging_camera" title="Thermal imaging camera">Thermal imaging camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting" title="Glossary of firefighting">Terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backdraft" title="Backdraft">Backdraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barn_fire" title="Barn fire">Barn fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_fire" title="Chimney fire">Chimney fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man_zone" title="Dead man zone">Dead man zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_gun" title="Deluge gun">Deluge gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door_breaching" title="Door breaching">Door breaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_(water)" title="Draft (water)">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_alarm" title="False alarm">False alarm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fire class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control" title="Fire control">Fire control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_safety" title="Fire safety">Fire safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_triangle" title="Fire triangle">Fire triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_carry" title="Fireman's carry">Fireman's carry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(construction)" title="Firewall (construction)">Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fire" title="Flash fire">Flash fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashover" title="Flashover">Flashover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">Gaseous fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-alarm_fire" title="Multiple-alarm fire">Multiple-alarm fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollover_(fire)" title="Rollover (fire)">Rollover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop,_drop_and_roll" title="Stop, drop and roll">Stop, drop and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_fire" title="Structure fire">Structure fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-in,_two-out" title="Two-in, two-out">Two-in, two-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(firefighting)" title="Ventilation (firefighting)">Ventilation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_Physical_Ability_Test" title="Candidate Physical Ability Test">Candidate Physical Ability Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_camp" title="Fire camp">Fire camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine_red" title="Fire engine red">Fire engine red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_firefighting" title="Geography of firefighting">Geography of firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_firefighting" title="History of firefighting">History of firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Fire_Fighters" title="International Association of Fire Fighters">International Association of Fire Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Firefighters%27_Day" title="International Firefighters' Day">International Firefighters' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firefighting_films" title="List of firefighting films">List of firefighting films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muster_(event)" title="Muster (event)">Muster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Florian" title="Saint Florian">Saint Florian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Firefighters_Games" title="World Firefighters Games">World Firefighters Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Police_and_Fire_Games" title="World Police and Fire Games">World Police and Fire Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_emergency_management" title="Wildfire emergency management">Wildfire emergency management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">Wildfire suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment <br />and tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_firefighting" title="Aerial firefighting">Aerial firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">Controlled burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driptorch" title="Driptorch">Driptorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_flapper" title="Fire flapper">Fire flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout_tower" title="Fire lookout tower">Fire lookout tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_rake" title="Fire rake">Fire rake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant_gel" title="Fire retardant gel">Fire retardant gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_trail" title="Fire trail">Fire trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebreak" title="Firebreak">Firebreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">Firefighting foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_bucket" title="Helicopter bucket">Helicopter bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_pack" title="Hose pack">Hose pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLeod_(tool)" title="McLeod (tool)">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Airborne_FireFighting_System" title="Modular Airborne FireFighting System">Modular Airborne FireFighting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_(tool)" title="Pulaski (tool)">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression_equipment_and_personnel" title="Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel">Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_engine" title="Wildland fire engine">Wildland fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_water_tender" title="Wildland water tender">Wildland water tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout" title="Fire lookout">Fire lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">Handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helitack" title="Helitack">Helitack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotshot_crew" title="Hotshot crew">Hotshot crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokejumper" title="Smokejumper">Smokejumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_module" title="Wildland fire module">Wildland fire module</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_in_ancient_Rome" title="Firefighting in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushfires_in_Australia" title="Bushfires in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfires_in_the_United_States" title="Wildfires in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wildfire_suppression_in_the_United_States" title="History of wildfire suppression in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_wildfires" title="List of Washington wildfires">Washington</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wildfire_terms" title="Glossary of wildfire terms">Glossary of wildfire terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildfires" title="List of wildfires">List of wildfires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire" title="Template:Fire">Template:Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire_protection" title="Template:Fire protection">Template:Fire protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Firefighting" title="Category:Firefighting"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firefighting" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Firefighting"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting" title="Glossary of firefighting"><b>Glossary</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_firefighting_articles" title="Index of firefighting articles"><b>Index</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_firefighting" title="Outline of firefighting"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fire_protection419" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire_protection" title="Template:Fire protection"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fire_protection" title="Template talk:Fire protection"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fire_protection" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fire protection"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fire_protection419" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">Fire protection</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backdraft" title="Backdraft">Backdraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_liquid_expanding_vapor_explosion" title="Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion">Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion</a> (BLEVE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boilover" title="Boilover">Boilover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustibility_and_flammability" title="Combustibility and flammability">Combustibility and flammability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflagration" title="Conflagration">Conflagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">Dangerous goods</a> (HAZMAT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deflagration" title="Deflagration">Deflagration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detonation" title="Detonation">Detonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dust_explosion" title="Dust explosion">Dust explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Enthalpy of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fire class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control" title="Fire control">Fire control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_loading" title="Fire loading">Fire loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_point" title="Fire point">Fire point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_triangle" title="Fire triangle">Fire triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammability_diagram" title="Flammability diagram">Flammability diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammability_limit" title="Flammability limit">Flammability limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flammable_liquid" title="Flammable liquid">Flammable liquid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashover" title="Flashover">Flashover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friction_loss" title="Friction loss">Friction loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_leak" title="Gas leak">Gas leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fire" title="Jet fire">Jet fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-factor_(fire_protection)" title="K-factor (fire protection)">K-factor (fire protection)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_fire" title="Pool fire">Pool fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolysis" title="Pyrolysis">Pyrolysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_combustion" title="Spontaneous combustion">Spontaneous combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_fire" title="Structure fire">Structure fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_radiation" title="Thermal radiation">Thermal radiation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pressure">Water pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_system" title="Fire alarm system"><img alt="Fire alarm sensor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg/90px-Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg/135px-Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg/180px-Mircom_Fire_Alarm_HornStrobe_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_fire_protection" title="Active fire protection">Active fire protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_fire_suppression" title="Automatic fire suppression">Automatic fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensed_aerosol_fire_suppression" title="Condensed aerosol fire suppression">Condensed aerosol fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detonation_flame_arrester" title="Detonation flame arrester">Detonation flame arrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_water_spray_system" title="External water spray system">External water spray system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_bucket" title="Fire bucket">Fire bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_prevention" title="Fire prevention">Fire prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection" title="Fire protection">Fire protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-retardant_fabric" title="Fire-retardant fabric">Fire-retardant fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant_gel" title="Fire retardant gel">Fire retardant gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-safe_polymers" title="Fire-safe polymers">Fire-safe polymers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_safety" title="Fire safety">Fire safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system" title="Fire sprinkler system">Fire sprinkler system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_suppression_system" title="Fire suppression system">Fire suppression system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">Firefighting foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_arrester" title="Flame arrester">Flame arrester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">Flame retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashback_arrestor" title="Flashback arrestor">Flashback arrestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusible_link" title="Fusible link">Fusible link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">Gaseous fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxic_air_technology_for_fire_prevention" title="Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention">Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inerting_system" title="Inerting system">Inerting system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intumescent" title="Intumescent">Intumescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_fire_protection" title="Passive fire protection">Passive fire protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a> (PPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">Relief valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_arrestor" title="Spark arrestor">Spark arrestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tank_blanketing" title="Tank blanketing">Tank blanketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_fire_suppression_system" title="Vehicle fire suppression system">Vehicle fire suppression system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Building design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annulus_(firestop)" title="Annulus (firestop)">Annulus (firestop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Area_of_refuge" title="Area of refuge">Area of refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_compartmentation" title="Fire compartmentation">Compartmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_bar" title="Crash bar">Crash bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_door_holder" title="Electromagnetic door holder">Electromagnetic door holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_lock" title="Electromagnetic lock">Electromagnetic lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_exit" title="Emergency exit">Emergency exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_light" title="Emergency light">Emergency light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_sign" title="Exit sign">Exit sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_curtain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire curtain">Fire curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_cut" title="Fire cut">Fire cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_door" title="Fire door">Fire door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_escape" title="Fire escape">Fire escape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">Fire hydrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_pump" title="Fire pump">Fire pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler" title="Fire sprinkler">Fire sprinkler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop_pillow" title="Firestop pillow">Firestop pillow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(construction)" title="Firewall (construction)">Firewall (construction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_and_smoke_vent" title="Heat and smoke vent">Heat and smoke vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupancy" title="Occupancy">Occupancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packing_(firestopping)" title="Packing (firestopping)">Packing (firestopping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetrant_(mechanical,_electrical,_or_structural)" title="Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)">Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_(firestop)" title="Penetration (firestop)">Penetration (firestop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_control" title="Smoke control">Smoke control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeproof_enclosure" title="Smokeproof enclosure">Smokeproof enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpipe_(firefighting)" title="Standpipe (firefighting)">Standpipe (firefighting)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_system" title="Fire alarm system">Fire alarm systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirating_smoke_detector" title="Aspirating smoke detector">Aspirating smoke detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_detector" title="Carbon monoxide detector">Carbon monoxide detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_integrity" title="Circuit integrity">Circuit integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive_gas_leak_detector" title="Explosive gas leak detector">Explosive gas leak detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_call_box" title="Fire alarm call box">Fire alarm call box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_control_panel" title="Fire alarm control panel">Fire alarm control panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_alarm_notification_appliance" title="Fire alarm notification appliance">Fire alarm notification appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_drill" title="Fire drill">Fire drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_detector" title="Flame detector">Flame detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_fire_alarm_activation" title="Manual fire alarm activation">Manual fire alarm activation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">Smoke detector</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions, trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire insurance">Fire insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-resistance_rating" title="Fire-resistance rating">Fire-resistance rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Safety_Evaluation_System" title="Fire Safety Evaluation System">Fire Safety Evaluation System</a> (FSES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_test" title="Fire test">Fire test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listing_and_approval_use_and_compliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Listing and approval use and compliance">Listing and approval use and compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprinkler_fitting" title="Sprinkler fitting">Sprinkler fitting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Equipment_Manufacturers%27_Association" title="Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association">Fire Equipment Manufacturers' Association</a> (FEMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Fire_Engineers" title="Institution of Fire Engineers">Institution of Fire Engineers</a> (IFE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Examiners_for_Engineering_and_Surveying" title="National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying">National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying</a> (NCEES)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> (NFPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Fire_Protection_Engineers" title="Society of Fire Protection Engineers">Society of Fire Protection Engineers </a> (SFPE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters Laboratories">Underwriters Laboratories</a> (UL)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CE_marking" title="CE marking">CE marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_3" title="EN 3">EN 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_54" title="EN 54">EN 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN_16034" title="EN 16034">EN 16034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_spread" title="Flame spread">Flame spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">GHS hazard statements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">GHS precautionary statements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Safety_Code" title="Life Safety Code">Life Safety Code</a> (NFPA 101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_R-phrases" title="List of R-phrases">List of R-phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_S-phrases" title="List of S-phrases">List of S-phrases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UL_94" title="UL 94">UL 94</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Guise_Medal" title="Arthur B. Guise Medal">Arthur B. Guise Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Technology#Harry_C._Bigglestone_Award" title="Fire Technology">Harry C. Bigglestone Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire" title="Template:Fire">Template:Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Firefighting" title="Template:Firefighting">Template:Firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC">Template:HVAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fire_protection" title="Category:Fire protection"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fire_protection" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fire protection"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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