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Consommation ostentatoire — Wikipédia

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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ressource_radiophonique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ressource_radiophonique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Ressource radiophonique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ressource_radiophonique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Consommation ostentatoire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 25 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="استهلاك تفاخري – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استهلاك تفاخري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Дэманстратыўнае спажыванне – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэманстратыўнае спажыванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonstrativn%C3%AD_spot%C5%99eba" title="Demonstrativní spotřeba – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Demonstrativní spotřeba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geltungskonsum" title="Geltungskonsum – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geltungskonsum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Conspicuous consumption" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumo_conspicuo" title="Consumo conspicuo – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consumo conspicuo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="مصرف‌گرایی خودنمایانه – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مصرف‌گرایی خودنمایانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerskakulutus" title="Kerskakulutus – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kerskakulutus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDnineysla" title="Sýnineysla – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýnineysla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumo_ostentativo" title="Consumo ostentativo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consumo ostentativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="თვალშისაცემი მოხმარება – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თვალშისაცემი მოხმარება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97" title="ಸುವ್ಯಕ್ತ ಭೋಗ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುವ್ಯಕ್ತ ಭೋಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%BC%EC%8B%9C_%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84" title="과시 소비 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="과시 소비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumsi_menjolok" title="Konsumsi menjolok – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konsumsi menjolok" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opzichtige_consumptie" title="Opzichtige consumptie – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Opzichtige consumptie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prangende_forbruk" title="Prangende forbruk – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prangende forbruk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostentacyjna_konsumpcja" title="Ostentacyjna konsumpcja – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ostentacyjna konsumpcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumo_consp%C3%ADcuo" title="Consumo conspícuo – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consumo conspícuo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consum_ostentativ" title="Consum ostentativ – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consum ostentativ" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Демонстративное потребление – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Демонстративное потребление" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izra%C5%BEena_potro%C5%A1nja" title="Izražena potrošnja – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Izražena potrošnja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B6gonfallande_konsumtion" title="Iögonfallande konsumtion – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iögonfallande konsumtion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Демонстративне споживання – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Демонстративне споживання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%AAu_d%C3%B9ng_ph%C3%B4_tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tiêu dùng phô trương – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiêu dùng phô trương" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AB%E8%80%80%E6%80%A7%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB" title="炫耀性消費 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="炫耀性消費" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1360134#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Black_Maybach_62_Steuben.jpg/330px-Black_Maybach_62_Steuben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Black_Maybach_62_Steuben.jpg/440px-Black_Maybach_62_Steuben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>L'automobile de luxe, archétype de l'objet de consommation ostentatoire.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>consommation ostentatoire</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Consommation" title="Consommation">consommation</a> destinée soit à mettre en évidence son <a href="/wiki/Statut_social" title="Statut social">statut social</a> ou son <a href="/wiki/Mode_de_vie" title="Mode de vie">mode de vie</a>, soit à faire croire aux autres que l'on possède ce statut social ou mode de vie. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concept">Concept</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Concept" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Concept"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le concept de consommation ostentatoire est originellement utilisé pour décrire la consommation des classes supérieures dans les <a href="/wiki/Pays_occidentaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pays occidentaux">pays occidentaux</a> par les sociologues<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Qui" title="Aide:Qui">[Qui&#160;?]</a></sup>. Il s'applique pour étudier le comportement de consommation des <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveaux riches</a> des pays émergents, ainsi que celui des <a href="/wiki/Classe_moyenne" title="Classe moyenne">classes moyennes</a> et <a href="/wiki/Classe_sociale" title="Classe sociale">pauvres</a> de toutes les sociétés<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il s'agit d'une manifestation de la puissance pécuniaire<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le concept est travaillé par <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, économiste américain, qui l'appelle <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">conspicuous consumption</span></i>. Il est défini pour la première fois en 1899 dans l'ouvrage <i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_classe_de_loisir" title="Théorie de la classe de loisir">Théorie de la classe de loisir</a></i>. Dans cette étude de la très haute bourgeoisie nord-américaine, Veblen remarque des gaspillages ostentatoires en temps et en biens. Il en déduit que les classes sociales font un «&#160;usage ostentatoire&#160;» de la consommation, destiné à indiquer un statut social. Le bien-être procuré par cette consommation ne tient alors pas tant dans le bien lui-même que dans le fait de se signaler par lui<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La consommation ostentatoire est un des fondements de l'<a href="/wiki/Effet_Veblen" title="Effet Veblen">effet Veblen</a>, selon lequel la baisse du <a href="/wiki/Prix" title="Prix">prix</a> des produits qui faisaient l'objet d'une consommation ostentatoire en réduit la demande de la part des classes les plus aisées, par effet de snobisme. La société moderne serait ainsi une société de gaspillage généralisé, où chaque strate sociale cherche à se différencier des autres par une consommation qu'elle considère comme élitiste<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travaux">Travaux</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Travaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Travaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plusieurs travaux ultérieurs à ceux de Veblen ont exploré le concept de consommation ostentatoire. Des études menées dans certains pays <a href="/wiki/Afrique" title="Afrique">africains</a> montrent que la consommation de cinéma étranger est un marqueur de statut social<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Une étude de la sociologie de la <a href="/wiki/Rome_antique" title="Rome antique">Rome antique</a> a mis en évidence des pratiques d'acquisition de biens dans un but ostentatoire chez les <a href="/wiki/Patricien" title="Patricien">patriciens</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critiques">Critiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Critiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Critiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La thèse de Veblen et le concept de consommation ostentatoire font l'objet de débats au sein des sciences sociales. </p><p><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">H. L. Mencken</a> critique la position de Veblen en soulignant que la consommation de certains biens par les classes supérieures et les <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveaux riches</a> répond à un accomplissement de désirs et à une volonté d'accroissement de l'<a href="/wiki/Utilit%C3%A9_(%C3%A9conomie)" title="Utilité (économie)">utilité</a>, et non seulement à une volonté d'ostentation. Il écrit&#160;: <span class="citation">«&#160;Est-ce que j'apprécie de prendre un bon bain parce que je sais que John Smith ne peut pas en prendre un, ou parce qu'être tout propre me fait me sentir bien&#160;? Est-ce que j'admire la cinquième symphonie de Beethoven parce qu'elle est incompréhensible pour les méthodistes, ou parce que je suis un amateur de musique&#160;?&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il faut cependant rétorquer à cela que le <a href="/wiki/Luxe" title="Luxe">luxe</a> est par définition ostentatoire&#160;; et que les <a href="/wiki/Yachts#Yachts_de_luxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yachts">yachts de luxe</a> ne sont pas construits pour les joies de la <a href="/wiki/Bateau_de_plaisance" title="Bateau de plaisance">plaisance</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pinna2018"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gabriele_Pinna2018">Gabriele <span class="nom_auteur">Pinna</span>, <cite class="italique">Travailler dans l'hôtellerie de luxe: Une enquête ethnographique à Paris</cite>, Éditions L'Harmattan, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-09-26" data-sort-value="2018-09-26">26 septembre 2018</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-343-15239-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-343-15239-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-343-15239-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m_RwDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA23&amp;dq=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;hl=en">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Travailler+dans+l%27h%C3%B4tellerie+de+luxe%3A+Une+enqu%C3%AAte+ethnographique+%C3%A0+Paris&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&amp;rft.aulast=Pinna&amp;rft.aufirst=Gabriele&amp;rft.date=2018-09-26&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-343-15239-4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConsommation+ostentatoire"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Montoussé2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marc_Montoussé2008">Marc <span class="nom_auteur">Montoussé</span>, <cite class="italique">Sciences économiques et sociales: seconde</cite>, Éditions Bréal, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7495-0826-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7495-0826-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7495-0826-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RB9CT94EnjUC&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA214&amp;dq=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;hl=en">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sciences+%C3%A9conomiques+et+sociales%3A+seconde&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Br%C3%A9al&amp;rft.aulast=Montouss%C3%A9&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7495-0826-9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConsommation+ostentatoire"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/theoryofleisurec01vebl#page/n11/mode/2up">"The Theory of the Leisure Class"</a>, sur le site archive.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Montoussé2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marc_Montoussé2008">Marc <span class="nom_auteur">Montoussé</span>, <cite class="italique">100 fiches de lecture: en économie, sociologie, histoire et géographie économiques</cite>, Éditions Bréal, <time>2008</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7495-0790-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7495-0790-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7495-0790-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E76qORJmHhsC&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA403&amp;dq=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;hl=en">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=100+fiches+de+lecture%3A+en+%C3%A9conomie%2C+sociologie%2C+histoire+et+g%C3%A9ographie+%C3%A9conomiques&amp;rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Br%C3%A9al&amp;rft.aulast=Montouss%C3%A9&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7495-0790-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConsommation+ostentatoire"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1974"><cite class="italique">Série Afrique noire</cite>, A. Pedone., <time>1974</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HFM8AAAAMAAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;q=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;hl=en">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=S%C3%A9rie+Afrique+noire&amp;rft.pub=A.+Pedone.&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConsommation+ostentatoire"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ioannatou2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marina_Ioannatou2006">Marina <span class="nom_auteur">Ioannatou</span>, <cite class="italique">Affaires d'argent dans la correspondance de Cicéron: l'aristocratie sénatoriale face à ses dettes</cite>, De Boccard, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7018-0207-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7018-0207-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7018-0207-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XdaRAAAAMAAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;q=%22Consommation+ostentatoire&amp;hl=en">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Affaires+d%27argent+dans+la+correspondance+de+Cic%C3%A9ron%3A+l%27aristocratie+s%C3%A9natoriale+face+%C3%A0+ses+dettes&amp;rft.pub=De+Boccard&amp;rft.aulast=Ioannatou&amp;rft.aufirst=Marina&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-7018-0207-7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AConsommation+ostentatoire"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais américain">(en-US)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/aggressive-ostentation/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en-us">Aggressive Ostentation</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">cbsnews.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-05-27" data-sort-value="2021-05-27">27 mai 2021</time>)</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_de_la_classe_de_loisir" title="Théorie de la classe de loisir">Théorie de la classe de loisir</a></i>, 1970 (éd. originale&#160;: 1899)<i></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Barthes" title="Roland Barthes">Roland Barthes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_(recueil)" title="Mythologies (recueil)">Mythologies</a></i>, 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_du_spectacle_(livre)" title="La Société du spectacle (livre)">La société du spectacle</a></i>, 1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Jacques Ellul</a>, <i>Métamorphose du bourgeois</i>, 1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Syst%C3%A8me_des_objets" title="Le Système des objets">Le Système des objets&#160;: la consommation des signes</a></i>, 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_consommation_(ouvrage)" title="La Société de consommation (ouvrage)">La société de consommation</a></i>, 1970</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Distinction._Critique_sociale_du_jugement" class="mw-redirect" title="La Distinction. Critique sociale du jugement">La distinction</a></i>, 1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Christopher Lasch</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Culture_du_narcissisme" title="La Culture du narcissisme">La Culture du narcissisme</a>, </i>2000<i> </i>(éd. originale&#160;: 1979)<i></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_H._Frank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert H. Frank (page inexistante)">Robert H. Frank</a>&#160;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Frank" class="extiw" title="en:Robert H. Frank"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais&#160;: «&#160;Robert H. Frank&#160;»">(en)</span></a>, <i>La course au luxe&#160;: l'économie de la cupidité et la psychologie du bonheur</i>, 2010 (éd. originale&#160;: 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Kempf" title="Hervé Kempf">Hervé Kempf</a>, <i>Comment les riches détruisent la planète</i>, 2007</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ressource_radiophonique">Ressource radiophonique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Ressource radiophonique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Ressource radiophonique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Dupré2022"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mathilde_Dupré2022">Mathilde Dupré, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/le-pourquoi-du-comment-economie-et-social/qu-est-ce-que-la-consommation-ostentatoire-9991802"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Qu’est-ce que la consommation ostentatoire&#160;?</cite></a>&#160;» <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-audio" title="Fichiers audio au format MP3, Ogg...">&#91;audio&#93;</abbr>, émission <i>Le Pourquoi du comment&#160;: économie et social</i> (durée&#160;: <span class="nowrap">3 min.</span>), <a href="/wiki/France_Culture" title="France Culture">France Culture</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-05-18" data-sort-value="2022-05-18">18 mai 2022</time></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="column-count:2;column-gap:1em;" class="colonnes"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achat_compulsif" class="mw-redirect" title="Achat compulsif">Achat compulsif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effet_Veblen" title="Effet Veblen">Effet Veblen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lois_somptuaires" title="Lois somptuaires">Lois somptuaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potlatch_(anthropologie)" title="Potlatch (anthropologie)">Potlatch (anthropologie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_consommation" title="Société de consommation">Société de consommation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surconsommation" title="Surconsommation">Surconsommation</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consommation_ostentatoire&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie 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