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Nouveau riche — Wikipédia

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id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Russie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nouveau_pauvre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nouveau_pauvre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nouveau pauvre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nouveau_pauvre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nouveau riche</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 26 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="الاثرياء الجدد – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاثرياء الجدد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_ric" title="Nou ric – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nou ric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nouveau riche" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_rico" title="Nuevo rico – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuevo rico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusrikas" title="Uusrikas – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uusrikas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نودولتان – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نودولتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A9" title="נובו ריש – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נובו ריש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_kaya_baru" title="Orang kaya baru – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang kaya baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovi_ricchi" title="Nuovi ricchi – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovi ricchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%87%91" title="成金 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="成金" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Нувориш – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нувориш" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B8%EB%B6%80" title="졸부 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="졸부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Нувориш – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нувориш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_kaya_baru" title="Orang kaya baru – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang kaya baru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nouveau riche" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_rico" title="Novo rico – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novo rico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Нувориш – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нувориш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nouveau riche" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nouveau riche" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="ผู้ดีใหม่ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้ดีใหม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_zengin" title="Yeni zengin – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni zengin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88" title="Нувориш – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нувориш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نو دولتیا – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نو دولتیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nouveau riche" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_gi%C3%A0u_m%E1%BB%9Bi_n%E1%BB%95i" title="Nhà giàu mới nổi – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà giàu mới nổi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8F%91%E6%88%B7" title="暴发户 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="暴发户" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1898394#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Nouveau_riche" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche_(homonymie)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nouveau riche (homonymie)">Nouveau riche (homonymie)</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Sociologielogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sociologielogo.png/31px-Sociologielogo.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sociologielogo.png/47px-Sociologielogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Sociologielogo.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="58" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Sociologie" title="Sociologie">sociologie</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment&#160;?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p><p>Consultez la liste des <b>tâches à accomplir</b> en <a href="/wiki/Discussion:Nouveau_riche" title="Discussion:Nouveau riche">page de discussion</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cet_autre_corset1905.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cet_autre_corset1905.png/220px-Cet_autre_corset1905.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="490" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cet_autre_corset1905.png/330px-Cet_autre_corset1905.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cet_autre_corset1905.png/440px-Cet_autre_corset1905.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Illustration d'une bourgeoise admirant son corset en 1905. En Europe, le <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle voit de nombreux bourgeois rejoindre les classes aisées, traditionnellement occupées par les aristocrates. Ces derniers méprisent alors les bourgeois qu'ils considèrent comme des parvenus évoluant au dessus de leur rang.</figcaption></figure> <p>Le terme <b>nouveau riche</b> est un qualificatif <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9joratif" title="Péjoratif">péjoratif</a>, rattaché au <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9pris_de_classe" title="Mépris de classe">mépris de classe</a>, désignant une personne qui est devenue riche alors que ses ascendants ne l'étaient pas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Histoire"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'idée de nouveau riche peut être retracée en <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ce_antique" title="Grèce antique">Grèce antique</a> (environ au <a href="/wiki/VIIIe_si%C3%A8cle_av._J.-C." title="VIIIe siècle av. J.-C."><abbr class="abbr" title="8ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>&#160;siècle&#160;<abbr class="abbr nowrap" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Le roman <i><a href="/wiki/Satyricon" title="Satyricon">Satyricon</a></i>, écrit à l'<a href="/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9" title="Antiquité">Antiquité</a>, aborde déjà le cas des nouveaux riches avec son personnage de <a href="/wiki/Trimalcion" title="Trimalcion">Trimalcion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Par_pays">Par pays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Par pays" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Par pays"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corée_du_Nord"><span id="Cor.C3.A9e_du_Nord"></span>Corée du Nord</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Corée du Nord" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Corée du Nord"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avec les changements économiques à la suite de la <a href="/wiki/Famine_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord" title="Famine en Corée du Nord">famine nord-coréenne</a>, une classe capitaliste se forme, nommée <a href="/wiki/Donju" title="Donju">Donju</a>. Ils sont les premiers Nord-Coréens à détenir un pouvoir d'achat et sont le premier groupe de nouveaux riches du pays<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : France" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : France"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'expression «&#160;nouveau riche&#160;», apparue en <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> pendant l'<a href="/wiki/Entre-deux-guerres" title="Entre-deux-guerres">entre-deux-guerres</a>, est utilisée pour qualifier péjorativement les personnes qui se sont enrichies rapidement, parfois de manière suspecte, et qui dépensent de manière ostentatoire leur argent<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire"><span title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le mai 2022) ; voir l&#39;aide.">&#91;réf.&#160;nécessaire&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Au cours de la <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_mondiale" title="Première Guerre mondiale">Première Guerre mondiale</a>, le financement de la guerre s'est fait par l'<a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a> dont le <a href="/wiki/Franc_germinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Franc germinal">franc germinal</a> fut la victime&#160;; la <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a> s'effondre et les rentiers disparaissent. L'essentiel de la valeur dans le pays est alors dans les mains des industriels, qui ont répondu aux commandes de guerre de l'État. Certains en ont bénéficié pour s'enrichir&#160;: ils seront appelés «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Profiteur_de_guerre" title="Profiteur de guerre">profiteurs de guerre</a>&#160;» (il y a une différence importante entre les profiteurs de guerre de la Première Guerre mondiale et ceux de la Seconde Guerre mondiale)<sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Pr%C3%A9ciser_un_fait" title="Aide:Préciser un fait">[Laquelle&#160;?]</a></sup>. </p><p>Ils n'hésitent pas, à la fin de la guerre, au cours des <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">années folles</a>, à dépenser cet argent, alors que la guerre a mené à des profondes désorganisations économiques et à la pauvreté de nombreuses familles. À la suite de la <a href="/wiki/Grande_D%C3%A9pression" title="Grande Dépression">Grande Dépression</a>, de nombreuses personnes perdent leur fortune ou leurs emplois, et la fracture avec les nouveaux riches devient encore plus marquée. Le terme a alors un sens nettement péjoratif. </p><p>L'expression «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Beurre,_%C5%93uf,_fromage" title="Beurre, œuf, fromage">Beurre, œuf, fromage</a>&#160;» (BOF) désigna de manière très péjorative les commerçants et épiciers s'étant enrichis durant l'<a href="/wiki/Occupation_de_la_France_par_l%27Allemagne_pendant_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Occupation de la France par l&#39;Allemagne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale">Occupation</a>, profitant de la situation économique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russie">Russie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Russie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Russie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avec la chute de l'<a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">URSS</a> est apparue en <a href="/wiki/Russie" title="Russie">Russie</a> une classe de nouveaux riches, dits les «&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nouveaux_Russes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouveaux Russes">nouveaux Russes</a>&#160;». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nouveau_pauvre">Nouveau pauvre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Nouveau pauvre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Nouveau pauvre"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le terme <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_pauvre" title="Nouveau pauvre">nouveau pauvre</a> est inventé pour désigner une personne qui a possédé des richesses mais qui les a perdues en totalité ou en grande partie. Ce terme est généralement utilisé pour souligner que la personne faisait auparavant partie d'un rang socio-économique plus élevé et que cette richesse, qui lui permettait d'acquérir des biens ou des luxes, est aujourd'hui inaccessible. Ces personnes peuvent ou non être réellement pauvres, mais comparées à leur rang précédent, elles semblent l'être<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Nicholas Monson (petit-fils du <abbr class="abbr" title="Neuvième">9<sup>e</sup></abbr> baron Monson) et Debra Scott sont les auteurs de l'ouvrage <i>The Nouveaux Pauvres&#160;: A Guide to Downward Nobility (1984)</i>, <span class="citation">«&#160;un manuel de vie pour les aristocrates frappés par la pauvreté&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, <span class="citation">«&#160;mener un style de vie aristocratique avec un budget de commerçant&#160;»</span><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gill1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_H._Gill1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> David H. <span class="nom_auteur">Gill</span>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Wealth in Western Thought</cite>, Westport, CT, Praeger, <time>1994</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/0-275-94677-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/0-275-94677-0"><span class="nowrap">0-275-94677-0</span></a>)</small><span class="lang-en" lang="en">, «&#160;Anti-popular Rhetoric in Ancient Greece&#160;»</span>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">13-42</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Wealth+in+Western+Thought&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&amp;rft.pub=Praeger&amp;rft.aulast=Gill&amp;rft.aufirst=David+H.&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.pages=13-42&amp;rft.isbn=0-275-94677-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANouveau+riche"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="author."><span class="ouvrage" id="Pons,_Philippe,_author.">Pons, Philippe, <span class="nom_auteur">author.</span>, <cite class="italique">Corée du Nord, un État-guérilla en mutation</cite> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-07-014249-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-07-014249-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-07-014249-1</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-07-014249-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-07-014249-3"><span class="nowrap">2-07-014249-3</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/fr/title/948239807">948239807</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/948239807">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Cor%C3%A9e+du+Nord%2C+un+%C3%89tat-gu%C3%A9rilla+en+mutation&amp;rft.aulast=author.&amp;rft.aufirst=Pons%2C+Philippe%2C&amp;rft.isbn=978-2-07-014249-1&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F948239807&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANouveau+riche"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rich2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laura_Rich2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Laura <span class="nom_auteur">Rich</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090829144529/http://www.recessionwire.com/2009/06/15/definition-of-nouveau-poor/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Recession Lexicon: Nouveau Poor</cite></a>&#160;», Recessionwire, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-06-15" data-sort-value="2009-06-15">15 juin 2009</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-08-27" data-sort-value="2009-08-27">27 août 2009</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">Working It Out: The Workaholics' Survival Book</cite>, Victoria McKee, Robson Books, <time>1995</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;30<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Working+It+Out%3A+The+Workaholics%27+Survival+Book&amp;rft.pub=Victoria+McKee%2C+Robson+Books&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.pages=30&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANouveau+riche"></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Severgnini2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beppe_Severgnini2003"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Beppe Severgnini, <cite class="italique" lang="en">An Italian in Britain</cite>, BUR, <time>2003</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+Italian+in+Britain&amp;rft.pub=BUR&amp;rft.aulast=Severgnini&amp;rft.aufirst=Beppe&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANouveau+riche"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">To Marry an English Lord: Tales of Wealth and Marriage, Sex and Snobbery</cite>, Gail McColl, Carol McD. Wallace, Workman Publishing Co., <time>2012</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;352<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=To+Marry+an+English+Lord%3A+Tales+of+Wealth+and+Marriage%2C+Sex+and+Snobbery&amp;rft.pub=Gail+McColl%2C+Carol+McD.+Wallace%2C+Workman+Publishing+Co.&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.pages=352&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANouveau+riche"></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia&#160;:</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/nouveau_riche" class="extiw" title="wikt:nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_pauvre" title="Nouveau pauvre">Nouveau pauvre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rags_to_riches" title="Rags to riches">Rags to riches</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nouveau_riche&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie généraliste<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898394?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0126759.xml"><i>Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l&#39;information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898394?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span>&#160;: <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122361631">BnF</a></span> (<span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122361631">données</a></span>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2007007131">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4326035-4">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007540021005171">Israël</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000240838">Lettonie</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Sociologie" title="Portail de la sociologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sociologielogo.png/21px-Sociologielogo.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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