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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Museum-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Museum subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Clarendon_Press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clarendon_Press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Clarendon Press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clarendon_Press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scholarly journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_and_titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_and_titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Series and titles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_and_titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clarendon_Scholarships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clarendon_Scholarships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Clarendon Scholarships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clarendon_Scholarships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tehran_Book_Fair_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tehran_Book_Fair_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Tehran Book Fair controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tehran_Book_Fair_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malcolm_vs._Oxford_University_1986–1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malcolm_vs._Oxford_University_1986–1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Malcolm vs. Oxford University 1986–1992</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malcolm_vs._Oxford_University_1986–1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closure_of_poetry_list" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closure_of_poetry_list"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Closure of poetry list</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closure_of_poetry_list-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tax-exemption_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tax-exemption_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Tax-exemption controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tax-exemption_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_African_bribery_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_African_bribery_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>East African bribery scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_African_bribery_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uyghur_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uyghur_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Uyghur controversy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uyghur_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Oxford University Press</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دار نشر جامعة أكسفورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="অক্সফোর্ড ইউনিভার্সিটি প্রেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্সফোর্ড ইউনিভার্সিটি প্রেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Выдавецтва Оксфардскага ўніверсітэта – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выдавецтва Оксфардскага ўніверсітэта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwasg_Prifysgol_Rhydychen" title="Gwasg Prifysgol Rhydychen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwasg Prifysgol Rhydychen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="انتشارات دانشگاه آکسفورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتشارات دانشگاه آکسفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A5%EC%8A%A4%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90_%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EB%B6%80" title="옥스퍼드 대학교 출판부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옥스퍼드 대학교 출판부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%BD%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Օքսֆորդի համալսարանի հրատարակչություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքսֆորդի համալսարանի հրատարակչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8" title="ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑक्सफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी प्रेस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="הוצאת אוניברסיטת אוקספורד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוצאת אוניברסיטת אוקספורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%AF(%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಆಕ್ಸ್‌ಫರ್ಡ್‌ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯದ ಮುದ್ರಣಾಲಯ(ಆಕ್ಸ್‌ಫರ್ಡ್ ಯೂನಿವರ್ಸಿಟಿ ಪ್ರೆಸ್) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಕ್ಸ್‌ಫರ್ಡ್‌ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯದ ಮುದ್ರಣಾಲಯ(ಆಕ್ಸ್‌ಫರ್ಡ್ ಯೂನಿವರ್ಸಿಟಿ ಪ್ರೆಸ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ოქსფორდის უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოქსფორდის უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="دار نشر جامعة اكسفورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دار نشر جامعة اكسفورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%92%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အောက်စဖို့ဒ်တက္ကသိုလ် ပုံနှိပ်လုပ်ငန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အောက်စဖို့ဒ်တက္ကသိုလ် ပုံနှိပ်လုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E5%B1%80" title="オックスフォード大学出版局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オックスフォード大学出版局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksford_universiteti_nashriyoti" title="Oksford universiteti nashriyoti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oksford universiteti nashriyoti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Издательство Оксфордского университета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Издательство Оксфордского университета" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ඔක්ස්ෆර්ඩ් විශ්වවිද්‍යාල මුද්‍රණාලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔක්ස්ෆර්ඩ් විශ්වවිද්‍යාල මුද්‍රණාලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%AA%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%8A_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="چاپخانەی زانکۆی ئۆکسفۆرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاپخانەی زانکۆی ئۆکسفۆرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒக்ஸ்போர்ட் பல்கலைக்கழகப் பதிப்பகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Oxford University Press" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%88_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوکسفرڈ یونیورسٹی پریس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_xu%E1%BA%A5t_b%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Oxford" title="Nhà xuất bản Đại học Oxford – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/OUP_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="OUP (disambiguation)">OUP (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Oxford University Press</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg/220px-Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg/330px-Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/38/Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg/440px-Oxford_University_Press_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent company</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1586<span class="noprint">; 438 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1586</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Nigel Portwood (Secretary to the Delegates and CEO)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication types</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">Academic journals</a></li><li>books</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_music" title="Sheet music">sheet music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprints</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Clarendon Press</li><li><a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Press" title="Blackstone Press">Blackstone Press</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of employees</th><td class="infobox-data">6,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corp.oup.com/">corp<wbr />.oup<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Oxford University Press</b> (<b>OUP</b>) is the publishing house of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>. It is the largest <a href="/wiki/University_press" title="University press">university press</a> in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the second-oldest university press after <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, which was founded in 1534.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Chancellor">vice-chancellor</a> of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The press is located on <a href="/wiki/Walton_Street,_Oxford" title="Walton Street, Oxford">Walton Street</a>, Oxford, opposite <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College</a>, in the inner suburb of <a href="/wiki/Jericho,_Oxford" title="Jericho, Oxford">Jericho</a>. </p><p>For the last 400 years, OUP has focused primarily on the publication of pedagogical texts. It continues this tradition today by publishing academic journals, dictionaries, English language resources, bibliographies, books on <a href="/wiki/Indology" title="Indology">Indology</a>, music, classics, literature, and history, as well as Bibles and atlases. </p><p>OUP has offices around the world, primarily in locations that were once part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_University_Press_Museum_(31175477990).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Oxford_University_Press_Museum_%2831175477990%29.jpg/220px-Oxford_University_Press_Museum_%2831175477990%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Oxford_University_Press_Museum_%2831175477990%29.jpg/330px-Oxford_University_Press_Museum_%2831175477990%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Oxford_University_Press_Museum_%2831175477990%29.jpg/440px-Oxford_University_Press_Museum_%2831175477990%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5248" data-file-height="2952" /></a><figcaption>Matrices for casting type collected by <a href="/wiki/John_Fell_(bishop)" title="John Fell (bishop)">Bishop Fell</a>, part of his collection now known as the "Fell Types", shown in the OUP Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The University of Oxford began printing around 1480 and became a major printer of Bibles, prayer books, and scholarly works.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oxford's chancellor Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a> consolidated the legal status of the university's printing in the 1630s and petitioned <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> for rights that would enable Oxford to compete with the Stationers' Company and the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Printer" title="King's Printer">King's Printer</a>. He obtained a succession of royal grants, and Oxford's "Great Charter" in 1636 gave the university the right to print "all manner of books".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laud also obtained the "privilege" from the Crown of printing the <a href="/wiki/Authorized_King_James_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized King James Version">King James</a> or <a href="/wiki/Authorized_Version" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorized Version">Authorized Version</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">Scripture</a> at Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This privilege created substantial returns over the next 250 years.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Vice-chancellor <a href="/wiki/John_Fell_(bishop)" title="John Fell (bishop)">John Fell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">Dean</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Oxford" title="Bishop of Oxford">Bishop of Oxford</a>, and Secretary to the Delegates was determined to install printing presses in 1668, making it the university's first central print shop.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1674, OUP began to print a <a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">broadsheet</a> calendar, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Almanack" title="Oxford Almanack">Oxford Almanack</a>,</i> that was produced annually without interruption from 1674 to 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fell drew up the first formal programme for the university's printing, which envisaged hundreds of works, including the Bible in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, editions of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coptic_Gospels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coptic Gospels (page does not exist)">Coptic Gospels</a> and works of the <a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>, texts in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, comprehensive editions of <a href="/wiki/Classical_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical philosophy">classical philosophy</a>, poetry, and mathematics, a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> scholarship, and also "a history of insects, more perfect than any yet Extant."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg/300px-Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg/450px-Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg/600px-Oxford_University_Press_Building_%E2%80%93_Walton_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2175" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption>Oxford University Press building from <a href="/wiki/Walton_Street,_Oxford" title="Walton Street, Oxford">Walton Street</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Generally speaking, the early 18th century marked a lull in the press's expansion. It suffered from the absence of any figure comparable to Fell. The business was rescued by the intervention of a single Delegate, <a href="/wiki/William_Blackstone" title="William Blackstone">William Blackstone</a>. Disgusted by the chaotic state of the press and antagonized by Vice-Chancellor <a href="/wiki/George_Huddesford_(Vice-Chancellor)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Huddesford (Vice-Chancellor)">George Huddesford</a>, Blackstone called for sweeping reforms that would firmly set out the Delegates' powers and obligations, officially record their deliberations and accounting, and put the print shop on an efficient footing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, Randolph<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Nobody by this name is mentioned again throughout the article. (September 2023)">ambiguous</span></a></i>]</sup> ignored this document, and it was not until Blackstone threatened legal action that changes began. The university had moved to adopt all of Blackstone's reforms by 1760.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 18th century, the press had become more focused. In 1825, the Delegates bought land on Walton Street. Buildings were constructed from plans drawn up by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Robertson_(architect)" title="Daniel Robertson (architect)">Daniel Robertson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Blore" title="Edward Blore">Edward Blore</a>, and the press moved into them in 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This site remains the principal office of OUP in the 21st century, at the corner of <a href="/wiki/Walton_Street,_Oxford" title="Walton Street, Oxford">Walton Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Clarendon_Street" title="Great Clarendon Street">Great Clarendon Street</a>, northwest of Oxford city centre. </p><p>The press then entered an era of enormous change. In 1830, it was still a <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock</a> printing business in an academic backwater, offering learned works to a relatively small readership of scholars and clerics <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Combe" title="Thomas Combe">Thomas Combe</a> joined the press and became the university's <a href="/wiki/Printer_(publishing)" title="Printer (publishing)">Printer</a> until he died in 1872. Combe was a better businessman than most Delegates but still no innovator: he failed to grasp the huge commercial potential of <a href="/wiki/India_paper" title="India paper">India paper</a>, which grew into one of Oxford's most profitable trade secrets in later years.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, Combe earned a fortune through his shares in the business and the acquisition and renovation of the bankrupt paper mill at Wolvercote. Combe showed little interest, however, in producing fine printed work at the press.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best-known text associated with his print shop was the flawed first edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland" title="Alice's Adventures in Wonderland">Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</a></i>, printed by Oxford at the expense of its author <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a> (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) in 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It took the 1850 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> on the workings of the university and a new Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Price" title="Bartholomew Price">Bartholomew Price</a>, to shake up the press.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appointed in 1868, Price had already recommended to the university that the press needed an efficient executive officer to exercise "vigilant superintendence" of the business, including its dealings with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macmillan_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Macmillan (publisher)">Alexander Macmillan</a>, who became the publisher for Oxford's printing in 1863 and 1866 helped Price to create the Clarendon Press series of cheap, elementary school books – perhaps the first time that Oxford used the Clarendon imprint.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Price, the press began to take on its modern shape. Major new lines of work began. For example, in 1875, the Delegates approved the series <i><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Books_of_the_East" title="Sacred Books of the East">Sacred Books of the East</a></i> under the editorship of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Max_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Max Müller">Friedrich Max Müller</a>, bringing a vast range of religious thought to a wider readership.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Henry_Frowde"></span>Equally, Price moved OUP towards publishing in its own right. The press had ended its relationship with Parker's in 1863 and, in 1870, bought a small London bindery for some Bible work.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macmillan's contract ended in 1880 and was not renewed. By this time, Oxford also had a London warehouse for Bible stock in <a href="/wiki/Paternoster_Row" title="Paternoster Row">Paternoster Row</a>, and in 1880, its manager, Henry Frowde (1841–1927), was given the formal title of Publisher to the university. Frowde came from the book trade, not the university, and remained an enigma to many. One obituary in Oxford's staff magazine <i>The Clarendonian</i> admitted, "Very few of us here in Oxford had any personal knowledge of him."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite that, Frowde became vital to OUP's growth, adding new lines of books to the business, presiding over the massive publication of the <a href="/wiki/Revised_Version" title="Revised Version">Revised Version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> in 1881<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and playing a key role in setting up the press's first office outside Britain, in New York City in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Price transformed OUP. In 1884, the year he retired as Secretary, the Delegates bought back the last shares in the business.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The press was now owned wholly by the university, with its own paper mill, print shop, bindery, and warehouse. Its output had increased to include school books and modern scholarly texts such as <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maxwell%27s_equations" title="Maxwell's equations"><i>A Treatise on Electricity & Magnetism</i></a> (1873), which proved fundamental to <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein's</a> thought.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without abandoning its traditions or quality of work, Price began to turn OUP into an alert, modern publisher. In 1879, he also took on the publication that led that process to its conclusion: the massive project that became the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (OED).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Offered to Oxford by <a href="/wiki/James_Murray_(lexicographer)" title="James Murray (lexicographer)">James Murray</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philological_Society" title="Philological Society">Philological Society</a>, the "New English Dictionary" was a grand academic and patriotic undertaking. Lengthy negotiations led to a formal contract. Murray was to edit a work estimated to take ten years and to cost approximately £9,000.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both figures were wildly optimistic. The Dictionary began appearing in print in 1884, but the first edition was not completed until 1928, 13 years after Murray's death, costing around £375,000.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This vast financial burden and its implications landed on Price's successors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The next Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Lyttelton_Gell" title="Philip Lyttelton Gell">Philip Lyttelton Gell</a>, was appointed by the Vice-Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Jowett" title="Benjamin Jowett">Benjamin Jowett</a> in 1884 but struggled and was finally dismissed in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Assistant Secretary, Charles Cannan, was instrumental in Gell's removal.<sup id="cite_ref-Gadd_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gadd-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cannan took over with little fuss and even less affection for his predecessor in 1898: "Gell was always here, but I cannot make out what he did."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 20th century, OUP expanded its overseas trade, partly due to the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Sumner_Milford" title="Humphrey Sumner Milford">Humphrey Milford</a>, the publisher of the University of Oxford from 1913 to 1945. The 1920s saw skyrocketing prices of both materials and labour. Paper was hard to come by and had to be imported from South America through trading companies. Economies and markets slowly recovered as the 1920s progressed. In 1928, the press's imprint read 'London, Edinburgh, <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Leipzig, Toronto, Melbourne, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, Bombay, <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> and Shanghai'. Not all of these were full-fledged branches: in Leipzig, there was a depot run by H. Bohun Beet, and in Canada and Australia, there were small, functional depots in the cities and an army of educational representatives penetrating the rural fastnesses to sell the press's stock as well as books published by firms whose agencies were held by the press, very often including fiction and light reading. In India, the Branch depots in Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta were imposing establishments with sizable stock inventories, for the Presidencies themselves were large markets, and the educational representatives there dealt mostly with upcountry trade.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1923, OUP established a Music Department.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._211_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._211-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, such musical publishing enterprises, however, were rare.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._210_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._210-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and few of the Delegates or former Publishers were themselves musical or had extensive music backgrounds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> OUP bought an Anglo-French Music Company and all its facilities, connections, and resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._211_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._211-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This concentration provided OUP two mutually reinforcing benefits: a niche in music publishing unoccupied by potential competitors and a branch of music performance and composition that the English themselves had largely neglected. Hinnells proposes that the early Music Department's "mixture of scholarship and cultural nationalism" in an area of music with largely unknown commercial prospects was driven by its sense of cultural philanthropy (given the press's academic background) and a desire to promote "national music outside the German mainstream."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until 1939 that the Music Department showed its first profitable year.<sup id="cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._212_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._212-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Depression of 1929 dried profits from the Americas to a trickle, and India became 'the one bright spot' in an otherwise dismal picture. Bombay was the nodal point for distribution to the Africas and onward sale to Australasia, and people who trained at the three major depots later moved to pioneer branches in Africa and Southeast Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927–1934 Oxford University Press, Inc., New York, was reorganised by Geoffrey Cumberlege to return it to profitability from the lows of the Depression years. (In 1945–1956, Cumberlege would succeed Milford as publisher to the University of Oxford).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> saw consolidation in the face of the breakup of the Empire and the post-war reorganization of the Commonwealth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the 1960s, OUP Southern Africa started publishing local authors for the general reader, but also for schools and universities, under its <a href="/wiki/Three_Crowns_Books" title="Three Crowns Books">Three Crowns Books</a> imprint. Its territory includes <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a>, as well as South Africa, the biggest market of the five.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> OUP Southern Africa is now one of the three biggest educational publishers in South Africa. It focuses on publishing textbooks, dictionaries, atlases, supplementary material for schools, and university textbooks. Its author base is overwhelmingly local, and in 2008, it partnered with the university to support <a href="/wiki/Mandela_Rhodes_Scholarship" title="Mandela Rhodes Scholarship">scholarships</a> for South Africans studying postgraduate degrees.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Operations in South Asia and East and South East Asia were and, in the case of the former, remain significant parts of the company. Today, the North American branch in New York City is primarily a distribution branch to facilitate the sale of <a href="#Bibles">Oxford Bibles</a> in the United States. It also handles marketing of all books of its parent, Macmillan.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By the end of 2021, OUP USA had published eighteen Pulitzer Prize–winning books.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic its Bookshop on the High Street closed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 27 August 2021, OUP closed Oxuniprint, its printing division. The closure will mark the "final chapter" of OUP's centuries-long history of printing.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museum">Museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Oxford University Press Museum is located on <a href="/wiki/Great_Clarendon_Street" title="Great Clarendon Street">Great Clarendon Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>. Visits must be booked in advance and are led by an archive staff member. Displays include a 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a>, the OUP buildings, and the printing and history of the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Almanack" title="Oxford Almanack">Oxford Almanack</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clarendon_Press">Clarendon Press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clarendon Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OUP came to be known as "(<b>The</b>) <b>Clarendon Press</b>" when printing moved from the <a href="/wiki/Sheldonian_Theatre" title="Sheldonian Theatre">Sheldonian Theatre</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Building" title="Clarendon Building">Clarendon Building</a> in Broad Street in 1713. The name continued to be used when OUP moved to its present site in Oxford in 1830. The label "Clarendon Press" took on a new meaning when OUP began publishing books through its London office in the early 20th century. To distinguish the two offices, London books were labelled "Oxford University Press" publications, while those from Oxford were labelled "Clarendon Press" books. This labelling ceased in the 1970s when the London office of OUP closed. Today, OUP reserves "Clarendon Press" as an imprint for Oxford publications of particular academic importance.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scholarly_journals">Scholarly journals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scholarly journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>OUP as <b>Oxford Journals</b> has also been a major publisher of <a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">academic journals</a>, both in the sciences and the humanities; as of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> it publishes more than 500 journals on behalf of learned societies around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Journals_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journals-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been noted as one of the first university presses to publish an <a href="/wiki/Open_access_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access journal">open access journal</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_Acids_Research" title="Nucleic Acids Research">Nucleic Acids Research</a></i>), and probably the first to introduce so-called <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_open_access_journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid open access journal">hybrid open access journals</a>, offering "optional open access" to authors, which provides all readers with online access to their paper free of charge.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Oxford Open" model applies to the majority of their journals.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Open_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Open-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OUP is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Open_Access_Scholarly_Publishers_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association">Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OUP is a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-members_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs) in the publishing industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Spanoudi_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spanoudi-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gilbert_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gilbert-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the publishing of a new series of Oxford Open Journals, including <i>Oxford Open Climate Change</i>, <i>Oxford Open Energy</i>, <i>Oxford Open Immunology</i>, <i>Oxford Open Infrastructure and Health</i>, and <i>Oxford Open Digital Health</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-James_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-James-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Series_and_titles">Series and titles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Series and titles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OED2_volumes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/OED2_volumes.jpg/220px-OED2_volumes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/OED2_volumes.jpg/330px-OED2_volumes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/OED2_volumes.jpg/440px-OED2_volumes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>Seven of the twenty volumes of the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (second edition, 1989)</figcaption></figure> <p>Oxford University Press publishes a variety of <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionaries</a> (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shorter_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Shorter Oxford English Dictionary">Shorter Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Compact_Oxford_English_Dictionary_of_Current_English" title="Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English">Compact Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Compact_Editions_of_the_Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Editions of the Oxford English Dictionary">Compact Editions of the Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Compact_Oxford_English_Dictionary_of_Current_English" title="Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English">Compact Oxford English Dictionary of Current English</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Concise_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Concise Oxford English Dictionary">Concise Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Dictionary_of_Marketing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford Dictionary of Marketing (page does not exist)">Oxford Dictionary of Marketing</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Advanced_Learner%27s_Dictionary" title="Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary">Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary</a>)</i>, <a href="/wiki/English_as_a_second_or_foreign_language" title="English as a second or foreign language">English as a second or foreign language</a> resources (e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_(textbooks)" title="Let's Go (textbooks)">Let's Go</a></i>), English language exams (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Test_of_English" title="Oxford Test of English">Oxford Test of English</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Placement_Test" title="Oxford Placement Test">Oxford Placement Test</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">bibliographies</a> (e.g., <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Bibliographies_Online" title="Oxford Bibliographies Online">Oxford Bibliographies Online</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), miscellaneous series such as <i><a href="/wiki/Very_Short_Introductions" title="Very Short Introductions">Very Short Introductions</a></i>, and books on <a href="/wiki/Indology" title="Indology">Indology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlases</a>. Many of these are published under the Oxford Languages brand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clarendon_Scholarships">Clarendon Scholarships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clarendon Scholarships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2001, Oxford University Press has financially supported the <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_bursary" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon bursary">Clarendon bursary</a>, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> graduate scholarship scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tehran_Book_Fair_controversy">Tehran Book Fair controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Tehran Book Fair controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1989, Iran's <a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> issued a fatwa urging the execution of British author Salman Rushdie and of all involved in the publication of his novel <a href="/wiki/Satanic_Verses_controversy" title="Satanic Verses controversy"><i>The Satanic Verses</i></a>. Rushdie went into hiding, and an international movement began to boycott book trading with Iran. There was, therefore, outrage when, in April 1989, OUP broke the worldwide embargo and chose to attend the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_International_Book_Fair" title="Tehran International Book Fair">Tehran Book Fair</a>. OUP justified this by saying, "We deliberated about it quite deeply but felt it certainly wasn't in our interests, or Iran's as a whole, to stay away."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both condemned Oxford's decision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malcolm_vs._Oxford_University_1986–1992"><span id="Malcolm_vs._Oxford_University_1986.E2.80.931992"></span>Malcolm vs. Oxford University 1986–1992</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Malcolm vs. Oxford University 1986–1992"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1990, in the UK Court of Appeal, author <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Malcolm_(author)" title="Andrew Malcolm (author)">Andrew Malcolm</a> won a landmark legal judgment against Oxford University (Press) for its breach of a contract to publish his philosophical text <i>Making Names</i>. Reporting on the verdict in <i>The Observer</i>, Laurence Marks wrote, "It is the first time in living memory that <a href="/wiki/Grub_Street" title="Grub Street">Grub Street</a> has won such a victory over its oppressors".<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Appeal Court judges were highly critical of Oxford's conduct of the affair and the litigation. Lord Justice Mustill declared, "The Press is one of the longest-established publishing houses in the United Kingdom, and no doubt in the world. They must have been aware from the outset that the absence of agreement on the matters in question [the book's print-run and format] was not, in the trade, regarded as preventing a formal agreement from coming into existence. Candour would, I believe, have required that this should have been made clear to the judge and ourselves, rather than a determined refusal to let the true position come to light... This is not quite all. I do not know whether an outsider studying the history of this transaction and of this litigation would feel that, in his self-financed struggle with the assembled Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford the appellant has had a fair crack of the whip. I certainly do not... Mr Charkin took the decision [to renege on the OUP editor's contract], not because he thought the book was no good - he had never seen it and the reports were favourable - but because he thought it would not sell. Let there be no mistake about it, the failure of this transaction was about money, not prestige. Nor does the course of the litigation give any reason to suppose that the Press had any interest but to resist the claim, no matter on what grounds, so long as they succeeded."<sup id="cite_ref-Appeal_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appeal-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Justice Leggatt added: "It is difficult to know what the Deputy Judge (Lightman) meant by a 'firm commitment' other than an intention to create legal relations. Nothing short of that would have had any value whatever for Mr Malcolm... To suggest that Mr Hardy intended to induce Mr Malcolm to revise the book by giving him a valueless assurance would be tantamount to an imputation of fraud... It follows that in my judgment when Mr Hardy used the expressions 'commitment' and 'a fair royalty' he did in fact mean what he said; and I venture to think that it would take a lawyer to arrive at any other conclusion. There was therefore an enforceable contract for the publication of Mr Malcolm's book... The Respondents' final statement may be thought unworthy of them."<sup id="cite_ref-Appeal_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Appeal-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The case ended in July 1992 with a Tomlin order, a damages settlement under which the servants and agents of Oxford University are permanently barred from denigrating Malcolm or <i>Making Names</i>, rendering it the first book in literary history to be afforded such legal protection.<sup id="cite_ref-Baty_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baty-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baty1_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baty1-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tomlin_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomlin-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The case was reported to have cost Oxford over £500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closure_of_poetry_list">Closure of poetry list</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Closure of poetry list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1998, OUP announced the closure, on commercial grounds, of its modern poetry list. Andrew Potter, OUP's director of music, trade paperbacks and Bibles, told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> that the list "just about breaks even. The university expects us to operate on commercial grounds, especially in this day and age."<sup id="cite_ref-Alberge_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alberge-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same article, the poet <a href="/wiki/D._J._Enright" title="D. J. Enright">D. J. Enright</a>, who had been with OUP since 1979, said, "There was no warning. It was presented as a fait accompli. Even the poetry editor didn't know....The money involved is peanuts. It's a good list, built up over many years."<sup id="cite_ref-Alberge_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alberge-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1999, Arts Minister <a href="/wiki/Alan_Howarth,_Baron_Howarth_of_Newport" title="Alan Howarth, Baron Howarth of Newport">Alan Howarth</a> made a speech in Oxford in which he denounced the closure: "OUP is not merely a business. It is a department of the University of Oxford and has charitable status. It is part of a great university, which the Government supports financially and which exists to develop and transmit our intellectual culture....It is a perennial complaint by the English faculty that the barbarians are at the gate. Indeed they always are. But we don't expect the gatekeepers themselves, the custodians, to be barbarians."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oxford's professor <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Cunningham" title="Valentine Cunningham">Valentine Cunningham</a> wrote in the <i>Times Higher Education Supplement</i>: "Increasingly, (OUP) has behaved largely like a commercial outfit, with pound signs in its eyes and a readiness to dumb down for the sake of popularity and sales....Sacking poets not because they lose money but because they do not make enough of it: it is an allegory of a university press missing the point, mistaking its prime purpose."<sup id="cite_ref-Mammon_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammon-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1999 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_Literary_Supplement" title="The Times Literary Supplement">The Times Literary Supplement</a></i> commissioned Andrew Malcolm to write an article under the strapline "Why the present constitution of the OUP cannot work".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A decade later, OUP's managing director, Ivon Asquith, reflected on the public relations damage caused by the episode: "If I had foreseen the self-inflicted wound we would suffer I would not have let the proposal get as far as the Finance Committee."<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tax-exemption_controversies">Tax-exemption controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tax-exemption controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1940s, both OUP and the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> (CUP), had made applications to the Inland Revenue for exemption from corporate tax. The first application, by CUP in 1940, was rejected "on the ground that, since the Press was printing and publishing for the outside world and not simply for the internal use of the University, the Press's trade went beyond the purpose and objects of the University and (in terms of the Act) was not exercised in the course of the actual carrying out of a primary purpose of the University."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar applications by OUP in 1944 and 1950 were also rejected by the Inland Revenue, whose officers repeatedly pointed out that the university presses were in open competition with commercial, tax-liable publishers. In November 1975, CUP's chief executive <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Cass" title="Geoffrey Cass">Geoffrey Cass</a> again applied to the Inland Revenue, and a year later, CUP's tax exemption was quietly conceded.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OUP's Chief Executive George Richardson followed suit in 1977. OUP's tax exemption was granted in 1978. The decisions were not made public. The issue was only brought to public attention due to press interest in OUP following the poetry list closure controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-Mammon_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mammon-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_society_campaign" title="Civil society campaign">campaigner</a> Andrew Malcolm published his second book, <i>The Remedy</i>, where he alleged that OUP breached its 1978 tax-exemption conditions. This was reported in a front-page article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Times" title="The Oxford Times">The Oxford Times</a></i>, along with OUP's response.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2001, after a 28-year battle with the Indian tax authorities, OUP lost its tax exemption in India. The Supreme Court ruled that OUP was not tax exempt in the subcontinent "because it does not carry out any university activities there but acts simply as a commercial publisher".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To pay off back taxes, owed since the 1970s, OUP was obliged to sell its Mumbai headquarters building, Oxford House. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bookseller" title="The Bookseller">The Bookseller</a></i> reported that "The case has again raised questions about OUP's status in the UK".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Joel Rickett of <i>The Bookseller</i> wrote an article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> describing the resentment of commercial rivals at OUP's tax exemption. Rickett accurately predicted that the funds which would have been paid in tax were "likely to be used to confirm OUP's dominance by buying up other publishers."<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1989 and 2018, OUP bought out over 70 rival book and journal publishers. In 2007, with the new "public benefit" requirement of the revised Charities Act, the issue was re-examined <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with particular reference to OUP.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>In the same year, Malcolm obtained and posted the documents of OUP’s applications to the Inland Revenue for tax exemption in the 1940s and 1950s (unsuccessful)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 1970s (successful).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, CUP's and OUP's privilege was attacked by rival publishers.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> invited Andrew Malcolm to write an article on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_African_bribery_scandal">East African bribery scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: East African bribery scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2012, the UK's <a href="/wiki/Serious_Fraud_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)">Serious Fraud Office</a> found OUP's branches in Kenya and Tanzania guilty of bribery to obtain school bookselling contracts sponsored by the World Bank. Oxford was fined £1.9 million "in recognition of sums it received which were generated through unlawful conduct" and barred from applying for World Bank-financed projects for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uyghur_controversy">Uyghur controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Uyghur controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2023, concerns were raised that OUP had published an academic paper based on genetic data taken from the <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur population</a> of <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>, a Turkic ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rhys Blakely, a science correspondent for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, reported: "The research has been published online by Oxford University Press (OUP) in a journal that receives financial support from <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(China)" title="Ministry of Justice (China)">China's Ministry of Justice</a>. The highly unusual deal will raise fears that Oxford risks becoming entangled in <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">human rights abuses against the Uighur community</a>. It will also add to concerns over <a href="/wiki/Chinese_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese propaganda">China's efforts to influence UK academia</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February, OUP announced that it was carrying out internal investigations into two further studies, based on DNA taken from China's Xibe ethnic minority.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 May, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> reported that Oxford had retracted the two studies, quoting a statement from the OUP: "Earlier this year, we were alerted to concerns regarding two papers in Forensics Sciences Research. Based on the information we received, we undertook further investigation and took the decision to retract the papers, in line with industry standard processes."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oxford_University_Press_academic_journals" title="Category:Oxford University Press academic journals">Category:Oxford University Press academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oxford_University_Press_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Oxford University Press journals">List of Oxford University Press journals</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hachette_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachette (publishing)">Hachette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hart%27s_Rules" title="Hart's Rules">Hart's Rules</a> for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_UK_book_publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest UK book publishers">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press_v._Patton" title="Cambridge University Press v. Patton">Cambridge University Press v. Patton</a>, a copyright infringement suit in which OUP is a plaintiff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_Publishing" title="Express Publishing">Express Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blavatnik_School_of_Government" title="Blavatnik School of Government">Blavatnik School of Government</a> (opened in 2015), opposite the OUP on Walton Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_a_Celtic_Church" title="Women in a Celtic Church">Women in a Celtic Church</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/uk/archives/pdf/Reference%20Material/Secretaries%20to%20the%20Delegates.pdf">"Secretaries to the Delegates of the Press (1868–present)"</a>. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 8 March 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/about/oup_history/?cc=lt">"A Short History of Oxford University Press"</a>. <i>Oxford University Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+University+Press&rft.atitle=A+Short+History+of+Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fabout%2Foup_history%2F%3Fcc%3Dlt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalter1994" class="citation news cs1">Balter, Michael (16 February 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/16/news/16iht-presseduc.html">"400 Years Later, Oxford Press Thrives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=400+Years+Later%2C+Oxford+Press+Thrives&rft.date=1994-02-16&rft.aulast=Balter&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F02%2F16%2Fnews%2F16iht-presseduc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/aboutus/">"About Oxford University Press"</a>. <i>OUP Academic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OUP+Academic&rft.atitle=About+Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Facademic%2Faboutus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/about-us/who-we-are/history/brief-history-press">"A Brief History of the Press"</a>. <i>Cambridge University Press</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fabout-us%2Fwho-we-are%2Fhistory%2Fbrief-history-press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, passim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. xiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter ch. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter ch. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/OxUniPress/status/1212679381841256449">"Oxford University Press on Twitter"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+University+Press+on+Twitter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FOxUniPress%2Fstatus%2F1212679381841256449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I.G. Phillip, <i>William Blackstone and the Reform of the Oxford University Press</i> (Oxford, 1957) pp. 45–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carter, ch. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker p. 41. Sutcliffe pp. 4–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe, pp. 1–2, 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 39–40, 110–111</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker pp. 45–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 19–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 45–46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 16, 19. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Clarendonian, 4, no. 32, 1927, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 48–53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 89–91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 53–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 56–57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Winchester" title="Simon Winchester">Simon Winchester</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Meaning_of_Everything:_The_Story_of_the_Oxford_English_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary">The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Oxford, 2003)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe pp. 98–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gadd-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gadd_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaddEliotLouisRobbins2013" class="citation book cs1">Gadd, Ian Anders; Eliot, Simon; Louis, William Roger; Robbins, Keith (November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_bYJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111"><i>History of Oxford University Press: Volume II: 1780 to 1896</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954315-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-954315-1"><bdi>978-0-19-954315-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Oxford+University+Press%3A+Volume+II%3A+1780+to+1896&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2013-11&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954315-1&rft.aulast=Gadd&rft.aufirst=Ian+Anders&rft.au=Eliot%2C+Simon&rft.au=Louis%2C+William+Roger&rft.au=Robbins%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_bYJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milford's Letterbooks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._211-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._211_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._211_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._210-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._210_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hinnells p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutcliffe_p._212-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sutcliffe_p._212_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutcliffe p. 212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Milford's Letterbooks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Brown and Clare L. Taylor, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sl.nsw.gov.au/10.1093/ref:odnb/30989">Cumberlege, Geoffrey Fenwick Jocelyn (1891–1979)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, sl.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 3 March 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/aboutus/major-awards/?cc=us&lang=en&">"OUP Major Book Awards"</a>. <i>OUP Academic</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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OUP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+Journals&rft.pub=OUP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjournals%2Fpages%2Fjournals_a_to_z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204093326/http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/exbotj/open_access.html">"Optional Open Access Experiment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Experimental_Botany" title="Journal of Experimental Botany">Journal of Experimental Botany</a></i>. 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class="citation news cs1">Gilbert, Claire (6 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orielsquare.co.uk/event-recap-bookmachine-unplugged-the-publishers-sustainability-survival-guide/">"Publishers' Sustainability Survival Guide: BookMachine event"</a>. <i>OrielSquare</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230813002909/https://www.orielsquare.co.uk/event-recap-bookmachine-unplugged-the-publishers-sustainability-survival-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2023.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+East+African&rft.atitle=Reprieve+for+Oxford+Press%27s+regional+units+as+World+Bank+lifts+sanctions&rft.date=2020-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theeastafrican.co.ke%2Ftea%2Fbusiness%2Freprieve-for-oxford-press-s-regional-units-as-world-bank-lifts-sanctions--1338944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/29/academic-paper-uyghur-genetic-data-retracted-ethical-concerns">Anne Hawkins, 'Academic paper based on Uyghur genetic data retracted over ethical concerns', The Guardian, 29 December 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/oxford-publish-chinese-funded-research-uighur-dna-zlz5bg0pp">Rhys Blakely, 'Oxford publishes Chinese-funded research that uses Uighur DNA', The Times,4 February 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cherwell.org/2024/02/07/ethics-concerns-over-oxford-university-press-journal-study-based-on-uyghur-dna/">'Ethics concerns over Oxford University Press journal study based on Uyghur DNA', Cherwell, 7 February 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rhys Blakely, 'Oxford pulls studies over China DNA link', The Times, 17 May 2024</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarker1978" class="citation book cs1">Barker, Nicolas (1978). <i>The Oxford University Press and the Spread of Learning</i>. Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+University+Press+and+the+Spread+of+Learning&rft.place=Oxford&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Carter_(typographer)" title="Harry Carter (typographer)">Carter, Harry Graham</a> (1975). <i>A History of the Oxford University Press</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/955872307">955872307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Oxford+University+Press&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F955872307&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Harry+Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChatterjee2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rimi_B._Chatterjee" title="Rimi B. Chatterjee">Chatterjee, Rimi B.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=an4VAQAAIAAJ"><i>Empires of the Mind: A History of the Oxford University Press in India During the Raj</i></a>. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-567474-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-567474-3"><bdi>978-0-19-567474-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Mind%3A+A+History+of+the+Oxford+University+Press+in+India+During+the+Raj&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-567474-3&rft.aulast=Chatterjee&rft.aufirst=Rimi+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dan4VAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinnells1998" class="citation book cs1">Hinnells, Duncan (1998). <i>An Extraordinary Performance: Hubert Foss and the Early Years of Music Publishing at the Oxford University Press</i>. Oxford: OUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-323200-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-323200-6"><bdi>978-0-19-323200-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Extraordinary+Performance%3A+Hubert+Foss+and+the+Early+Years+of+Music+Publishing+at+the+Oxford+University+Press&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-323200-6&rft.aulast=Hinnells&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Oxford Music: The First Fifty Years '23−'73</i>. London: Oxford University Press Music Department. 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Music%3A+The+First+Fifty+Years+%2723%E2%88%92%2773&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+Music+Department&rft.date=1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutcliffe1978" class="citation book cs1">Sutcliffe, Peter (1978). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxforduniversity0000sutc"><i>The Oxford University Press: An Informal History</i></a></span>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-951084-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-951084-9"><bdi>0-19-951084-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+University+Press%3A+An+Informal+History&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-19-951084-9&rft.aulast=Sutcliffe&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxforduniversity0000sutc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutcliffe1972" class="citation book cs1">Sutcliffe, Peter (1972). <i>An Informal History of the OUP</i>. Oxford: OUP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Informal+History+of+the+OUP&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Sutcliffe&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOxford+University+Press" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gadd, Ian, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VbkJAgAAQBAJ"><i>The History of Oxford University Press: Volume I: Beginnings to 1780</i></a>. Oxford: OUP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199557318" title="Special:BookSources/9780199557318">9780199557318</a>.</li> <li>Eliot, Simon, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_bYJAgAAQBAJ"><i>The History of Oxford University Press: Volume II: 1780 to 1896</i></a>. Oxford: OUP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199543151" title="Special:BookSources/9780199543151">9780199543151</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wm._Roger_Louis" title="Wm. Roger Louis">Louis, Wm. Roger</a>, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YbcJAgAAQBAJ"><i>The History of Oxford University Press: Volume III: 1896 to 1970</i></a>. Oxford: OUP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199568406" title="Special:BookSources/9780199568406">9780199568406</a>. Also online <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199568406.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199568406.001.0001</a>.</li> <li>"A View of the Oxford University Press." <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_Collector" title="The Book Collector">The Book Collector</a></i> 20 (no.4) Winter 1971: 447-464.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Robbins" title="Keith Robbins">Robbins, Keith</a>, ed. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_iUlDwAAQBAJ"><i>The History of Oxford University Press: Volume IV: 1970 to 2004</i></a>. Oxford: OUP. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199574797" title="Special:BookSources/9780199574797">9780199574797</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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Press</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oxford_University_Press" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corp.oup.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217595#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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Oxford"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_Oxford" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of Oxford"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_Oxford" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">University of Oxford</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="List of chancellors of the University of Oxford">Chancellor</a> <ul><li><i>Vacant</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice-chancellors_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="List of vice-chancellors of the University of Oxford">Vice-Chancellor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Tracey" title="Irene Tracey">Irene Tracey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registrar_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Registrar of the University of Oxford">Registrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_houses_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="List of heads of houses of the University of Oxford">Heads of houses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A shield displaying a coat of arms; on a dark blue background, an open book displays the words "Dominus illuminatio mea", with two gold crowns above and one below" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_University_of_Oxford.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2338" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Colleges of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Colleges</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Souls_College,_Oxford" title="All Souls College, Oxford">All Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasenose_College,_Oxford" title="Brasenose College, Oxford">Brasenose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Templeton_College,_Oxford" title="Green Templeton College, Oxford">Green Templeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_Manchester_College,_Oxford" title="Harris Manchester College, Oxford">Harris Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford" title="Hertford College, Oxford">Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford" title="Jesus College, Oxford">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keble_College,_Oxford" title="Keble College, Oxford">Keble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg_College,_Oxford" title="Kellogg College, Oxford">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Hall,_Oxford" title="Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford">Lady Margaret Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linacre_College,_Oxford" title="Linacre College, Oxford">Linacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_College,_Oxford" title="Lincoln College, Oxford">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_College,_Oxford" title="Mansfield College, Oxford">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford" title="Merton College, Oxford">Merton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Oxford" title="New College, Oxford">New College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford" title="Oriel College, Oxford">Oriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford" title="Pembroke College, Oxford">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen%27s_College,_Oxford" title="The Queen's College, Oxford">Queen's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_College,_Oxford" title="Reuben College, Oxford">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Anne's College, Oxford">St Anne's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Antony%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Antony's College, Oxford">St Antony's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Catherine's College, Oxford">St Catherine's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cross_College,_Oxford" title="St Cross College, Oxford">St Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund_Hall,_Oxford" title="St Edmund Hall, Oxford">St Edmund Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Hilda%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hilda's College, Oxford">St Hilda's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Hugh%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Hugh's College, Oxford">St Hugh's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St John's College, Oxford">St John's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Peter's College, Oxford">St Peter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford" title="Trinity College, Oxford">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College,_Oxford" title="University College, Oxford">University College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford" title="Wadham College, Oxford">Wadham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfson_College,_Oxford" title="Wolfson College, Oxford">Wolfson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_College,_Oxford" title="Worcester College, Oxford">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Permanent_private_hall" title="Permanent private hall"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Permanent private halls</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Hall" title="Blackfriars Hall">Blackfriars Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campion_Hall,_Oxford" title="Campion Hall, Oxford">Campion Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent%27s_Park_College,_Oxford" title="Regent's Park College, Oxford">Regent's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycliffe_Hall,_Oxford" title="Wycliffe Hall, Oxford">Wycliffe Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Divisions and departments</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Humanities_Division" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Humanities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Asian_and_Middle_Eastern_Studies" title="Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies">Asian and Middle Eastern Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothermere_American_Institute" title="Rothermere American Institute">American Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruskin_School_of_Art" title="Ruskin School of Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Classics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Classics, University of Oxford">Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_History,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of History, University of Oxford">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Linguistics,_Philology_%26_Phonetics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics, University of Oxford">Linguistics, Philology & Phonetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Medieval_and_Modern_Languages,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Medieval and Modern Languages, University of Oxford">Medieval and Modern Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Music,_University_of_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty of Music, University of Oxford">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Philosophy,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Theology_and_Religion,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford">Theology and Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Medical_Sciences_Division" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Medical Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biochemistry,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford">Biochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellcome_Centre_for_Human_Genetics" title="Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics">Human Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Medical_School" title="Oxford University Medical School">Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Dunn_School_of_Pathology" title="Sir William Dunn School of Pathology">Pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Department_of_Population_Health" title="Nuffield Department of Population Health">Population Health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Mathematical,_Physical_and_Life_Sciences_Division_(MPLS)" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Mathematical, Physical<br />and Life Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biology,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Biology, University of Oxford">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Chemistry,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford">Chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Computer_Science,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford">Computer Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Earth_Sciences,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford">Earth Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Engineering_Science,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford">Engineering Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Materials,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Materials, University of Oxford">Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Institute,_University_of_Oxford" title="Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford">Mathematical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Physics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Physics, University of Oxford">Physics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Social_Sciences_Division" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Social Sciences</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Archaeology,_University_of_Oxford" title="School of Archaeology, University of Oxford">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AFd_Business_School" title="Saïd Business School">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford_Department_for_Continuing_Education" title="University of Oxford Department for Continuing Education">Continuing Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economics,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Economics, University of Oxford">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blavatnik_School_of_Government" title="Blavatnik School of Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Department_of_International_Development" title="Oxford Department of International Development">International Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oxford" title="Faculty of Law, University of Oxford">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Politics_and_International_Relations,_University_of_Oxford" title="Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford">Politics & International Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Policy_and_Intervention" title="Department of Social Policy and Intervention">Social Policy and Intervention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_University_of_Oxford#Gardens,_Libraries_and_Museums" title="Divisions of the University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Gardens, Libraries<br />& Museums</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Libraries" title="Bodleian Libraries">Bodleian Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford_Botanic_Garden" title="University of Oxford Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Science_Museum,_Oxford" title="History of Science Museum, Oxford">History of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Oxford University Museum of Natural History">Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Institutes and affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Begbroke_Science_Park" title="Begbroke Science Park">Begbroke Science Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Data_Institute" title="Big Data Institute">Big Data Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ineos_Oxford_Institute_for_AMR_Research" title="Ineos Oxford Institute for AMR Research">Ineos Oxford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenner_Institute" title="Jenner Institute">Jenner Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Internet_Institute" title="Oxford Internet Institute">Internet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford-Man_Institute_of_Quantitative_Finance" title="Oxford-Man Institute of Quantitative Finance">Oxford-Man Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Martin_School" title="Oxford Martin School">Martin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Innovation" title="Oxford University Innovation">Oxford University Innovation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oxford University Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_College_Cuddesdon" title="Ripon College Cuddesdon">Ripon College Cuddesdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_School_of_Enterprise_and_the_Environment" title="Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment">Smith School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recognised_independent_centre" title="Recognised independent centre"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#ffffff">Recognised independent<br />centres</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Buddhist_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies">Buddhist Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Institute_for_Energy_Studies" title="Oxford Institute for Energy Studies">Energy Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Hebrew_and_Jewish_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies">Hebrew and Jewish Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Hindu_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies">Hindu Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Centre_for_Islamic_Studies" title="Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies">Islamic Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Australian_Rules_Football_Club" title="Oxford University Australian Rules Football Club">Australian rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Amateur_Boxing_Club" title="Oxford University Amateur Boxing Club">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Cricket_Club" title="Oxford University Cricket Club">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Cycling_Club" title="Oxford University Cycling Club">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Dancesport_Club" title="Oxford University Dancesport Club">Dancesport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_A.F.C." title="Oxford University A.F.C.">Football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_W.A.F.C." title="Oxford University W.A.F.C.">Women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Handball_Club" title="Oxford University Handball Club">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Ice_Hockey_Club" title="Oxford University Ice Hockey Club">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Mountaineering_Club" title="Oxford University Mountaineering Club">Mountaineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Quidditch_Club" title="Oxford University Quidditch Club">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Polo_Club" title="Oxford University Polo Club">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Rowing_Clubs" title="Oxford University Rowing Clubs">Rowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Boat_Club" title="Oxford University Boat Club">Men's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Women%27s_Boat_Club" title="Oxford University Women's Boat Club">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Lightweight_Rowing_Club" title="Oxford University Lightweight Rowing Club">Men's Lightweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Women%27s_Lightweight_Rowing_Club" title="Oxford University Women's Lightweight Rowing Club">Women's Lightweight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_RFC" title="Oxford University RFC">Rugby</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Competitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuppers" title="Cuppers">Cuppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Boat_Race" title="The Boat Race">The Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Boat_Race" title="Women's Boat Race">Women's Boat Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henley_Boat_Races" title="Henley Boat Races">Henley Boat Races</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_Polo_Match" title="The Varsity Polo Match">Polo Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_League_Varsity_Match" title="Rugby League Varsity Match">Rugby League Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Varsity_Match" title="The Varsity Match">Rugby Union Varsity Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_University_Match_(cricket)" title="The University Match (cricket)">University Cricket Match</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Golf_Match" title="University Golf Match">University Golf Match</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Venues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullingdon_Green" title="Bullingdon Green">Bullingdon Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Ground" title="Christ Church Ground">Christ Church Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Ground" title="Magdalen Ground">Magdalen Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_College_Ground" title="New College Ground">New College Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bannister_running_track" title="Roger Bannister running track">Roger Bannister running track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Parks" title="University Parks">University Parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherwell_(newspaper)" title="Cherwell (newspaper)"><i>Cherwell</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mays" title="The Mays">The Mays</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Union" title="Oxford Union">Oxford Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Student_Union" title="Oxford University Student Union">Student Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#002147; color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oxford_people" title="List of University of Oxford people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_Oxford_colleges" title="List of fictional Oxford colleges">fictional colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_University_of_Oxford_people" title="List of fictional University of Oxford people">fictional people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_women_admitted_to_degrees_at_the_University_of_Oxford" title="First women admitted to degrees at the University of Oxford">First women graduates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Education_of_Women" title="Association for the Education of Women">Association for the Education of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegacy_for_Women_Students" title="Delegacy for Women Students">Delegacy for Women Students</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Magazine" title="The Oxford Magazine">The Oxford Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Gazette" title="Oxford University Gazette">Oxford University Gazette</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#002147; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Oxford" title="Category:University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:University_of_Oxford" title="Portal:University of Oxford"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Museums_and_galleries_in_Oxfordshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Museums_and_galleries_in_Oxfordshire" title="Template:Museums and galleries in Oxfordshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Museums_and_galleries_in_Oxfordshire" title="Template talk:Museums and galleries in Oxfordshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Museums_and_galleries_in_Oxfordshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Museums and galleries in Oxfordshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Museums_and_galleries_in_Oxfordshire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Oxfordshire" title="List of museums in Oxfordshire">Museums and galleries in Oxfordshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bate_Collection_of_Musical_Instruments" title="Bate Collection of Musical Instruments">Bate Collection of Musical Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Picture_Gallery" title="Christ Church Picture Gallery">Christ Church Picture Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Art_Oxford" title="Modern Art Oxford">Modern Art Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_History_of_Science,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of the History of Science, Oxford">Museum of the History of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Oxford" title="Museum of Oxford">Museum of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Press Museum">Oxford University Press Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford_Botanic_Garden" title="University of Oxford Botanic Garden">University of Oxford Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Castle" title="Oxford Castle">Oxford Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="Oxford University Museum of Natural History">Oxford University Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitt_Rivers_Museum" title="Pitt Rivers Museum">Pitt Rivers Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Oxford" title="Science Oxford">Science Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_Museum" title="The Story Museum">The Story Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abingdon_County_Hall_Museum" title="Abingdon County Hall Museum">Abingdon County Hall Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashdown_House,_Oxfordshire" title="Ashdown House, Oxfordshire">Ashdown House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin_Heritage_Trust_Museum" title="Aston Martin Heritage Trust Museum">Aston Martin Heritage Trust Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banbury_Museum" title="Banbury Museum">Banbury Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Veteran_Cycle_Museum" title="Benson Veteran Cycle Museum">Benson Veteran Cycle Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloxham_Village_Museum" title="Bloxham Village Museum">Bloxham Village Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Castle" title="Broughton Castle">Broughton Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burford_Tolsey_Museum" title="Burford Tolsey Museum">Burford Tolsey Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buscot_Park" title="Buscot Park">Buscot Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bygones_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bygones Museum (page does not exist)">Bygones Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champs_Chapel_Museum_of_East_Hendred" title="Champs Chapel Museum of East Hendred">Champs Chapel Museum of East Hendred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlbury_Museum" title="Charlbury Museum">Charlbury Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastleton_House" title="Chastleton House">Chastleton House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipping_Norton_Museum" title="Chipping Norton Museum">Chipping Norton Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_and_Sarsden_Heritage_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill and Sarsden Heritage Centre">Churchill and Sarsden Heritage Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogges_Manor_Farm" title="Cogges Manor Farm">Cogges Manor Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combe_Mill" title="Combe Mill">Combe Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didcot_Railway_Centre" title="Didcot Railway Centre">Didcot Railway Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Abbey_Museum" title="Dorchester Abbey Museum">Dorchester Abbey Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greys_Court" title="Greys Court">Greys Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_Norton_Brewery" title="Hook Norton Brewery">Hook Norton Brewery Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hook_Norton_Village_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hook Norton Village Museum (page does not exist)">Hook Norton Village Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelmscott_Manor" title="Kelmscott Manor">Kelmscott Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapledurham_House" title="Mapledurham House">Mapledurham House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapledurham_Watermill" title="Mapledurham Watermill">Mapledurham Watermill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Bus_Museum" title="Oxford Bus Museum">Oxford Bus Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxfordshire_Museums_Resource_Centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxfordshire Museums Resource Centre (page does not exist)">Oxfordshire Museums Resource Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oxfordshire_Museum" title="The Oxfordshire Museum">The Oxfordshire Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendon_Museum" title="Pendon Museum">Pendon Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Timescape" class="mw-redirect" title="Project Timescape">Project Timescape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_and_Rowing_Museum" title="River and Rowing Museum">River and Rowing Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Oxfordshire_Museum" title="Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum">Soldiers of Oxfordshire Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonor_Park" title="Stonor Park">Stonor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swalcliffe_Barn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swalcliffe Barn (page does not exist)">Swalcliffe Barn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinford_Museum" title="Swinford Museum">Swinford Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thame_Museum" title="Thame Museum">Thame Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Brown%27s_School_Museum" title="Tom Brown's School Museum">Tom Brown's School Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_and_Downland_Museum" title="Vale and Downland Museum">Vale and Downland Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallingford_Museum" title="Wallingford Museum">Wallingford Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterperry_Gardens" title="Waterperry Gardens">Waterperry Museum of Rural Life</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Witney_and_District_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Witney and District Museum (page does not exist)">Witney and District Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_Museums_Council" title="Oxfordshire Museums Council">Oxfordshire Museums Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Books" title="Portal:Books">Books</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/19px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/28px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg/37px-Bibliotheksstempel_Bodleiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="223" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:University_of_Oxford" title="Portal:University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217595#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217595#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217595#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122929185">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140705396">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/812629-X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80126136">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12515799j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12515799j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00697782">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35404650">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Oxford University Press"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003204713&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX136667">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/468669">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90223325">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000070532&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=95746">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810591119905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/46646">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266102805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521132206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00318087?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/463556">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/940926">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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