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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Swazi_settlers_(18th_and_19th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swazi_settlers_(18th_and_19th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Swazi settlers (18th and 19th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swazi_settlers_(18th_and_19th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_indirect_rule_over_Swaziland_(1906–1968)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_indirect_rule_over_Swaziland_(1906–1968)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British indirect rule over Swaziland (1906–1968)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_indirect_rule_over_Swaziland_(1906–1968)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_(1968–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_(1968–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Independence (1968–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_(1968–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Biodiversity and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Monarchy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Political culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eswatini</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 233 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-233" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">233 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swasiland" title="Swasiland – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Swasiland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8B%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%92" title="ኤስዋቲኒ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስዋቲኒ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="एस्वातीनी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एस्वातीनी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Есватини – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Есватини" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="إسواتيني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسواتيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Սուազիլանտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սուազիլանտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souazilande" title="Souazilande – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Souazilande" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suazilandia" title="Suazilandia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Suazilandia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esuat%C3%ADni" title="Esuatíni – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Esuatíni" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سوازیلند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سوازیلند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ইসোয়াতিনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসোয়াতিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Эсваціні – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эсваціні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%9E%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Эсўатыні – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эсўатыні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="एस्वातीनी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एस्वातीनी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Есватини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Есватини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9B%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C%E0%BC%8D" title="སུ་ཝ་ཛི་ལནཌ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུ་ཝ་ཛི་ལནཌ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svazijsko" title="Svazijsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svazijsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essuatini" title="Essuatini – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Essuatini" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="إسواتيني – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إسواتيني" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swazieana" title="Swazieana – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Swazieana" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%90%DE%AA%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AA" title="ސުވާޒިލޭންޑު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ސުވާޒިލޭންޑު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3k%CA%BCaa%CA%BC_Yee_Da%CA%BCalzhishii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Lókʼaaʼ Yee Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Lókʼaaʼ Yee Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="स्वाजिल्याण्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="स्वाजिल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svaasimaa" title="Svaasimaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Svaasimaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Εσουατίνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσουατίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suazilandia" title="Suazilandia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Suazilandia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svazilando" title="Svazilando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Svazilando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esuatini" title="Esuatini – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Esuatini" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسواتینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسواتینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svasiland" title="Svasiland – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Svasiland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swazyl%C3%A2n" title="Swazylân – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swazylân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADocht_Esuait%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Ríocht Esuaitíní – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ríocht Esuaitíní" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heer_Swassee" title="Yn Çheer Swassee – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheer Swassee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svazilend" title="Svazilend – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Svazilend" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ACoghachd_eSwatini" title="Rìoghachd eSwatini – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Rìoghachd eSwatini" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9D%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1" title="સ્વાઝીલેન્ડ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્વાઝીલેન્ડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8B%88" title="에스와티니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스와티니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Էսվատինի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսվատինի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="एस्वातीनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्वातीनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziska" title="Swaziska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Swaziska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="সোয়াজিল্যান্ড – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="সোয়াজিল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvat%C3%ADn%C3%AD" title="Esvatíní – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Esvatíní" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="ESwatini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="אסוואטיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסוואטיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89swatini" title="Éswatini – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Éswatini" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸ್ವಾಜಿಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ವಾಜಿಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esuat%C3%ADni" title="Esuatíni – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Esuatíni" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ესვატინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესვატინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Swati" title="Pow Swati – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Swati" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swati" title="Swati – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Swati" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatinia" title="Swatinia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Swatinia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swazilann" title="Swazilann – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Swazilann" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaz%C3%AElenda" title="Swazîlenda – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Swazîlenda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esuatini" title="Esuatini – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Esuatini" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swazia" title="Swazia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Swazia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svatini" title="Svatini – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svatini" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatinis" title="Esvatinis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Esvatinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suaziland" title="Suaziland – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Suaziland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szv%C3%A1zif%C3%B6ld" title="Szváziföld – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szváziföld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Есватини – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Есватини" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esoatiny" title="Esoatiny – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Esoatiny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇസ്വാറ്റിനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇസ്വാറ്റിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warerangi" title="Warerangi – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Warerangi" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="इस्वाटिनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इस्वाटिनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ესვატინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესვატინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="اسواتينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسواتينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسواتینی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسواتینی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯇꯤꯅꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯋꯥꯇꯤꯅꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အဲ့စ်ဝါတီးနီနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲ့စ်ဝါတီးနီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="एस्वातिनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्वातिनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="स्वाजिल्याण्ड – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्वाजिल्याण्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AF%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%8B" title="エスワティニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エスワティニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswotiini" title="Eswotiini – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Eswotiini" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swazilande" title="Swazilande – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Swazilande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="ESwatini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1" title="ਸਵਾਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਵਾਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="एस्वातीनी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="एस्वातीनी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسواٹینی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسواٹینی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="اېسواتيني – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېسواتيني" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="ESwatini" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swasiland" title="Swasiland – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Swasiland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essuat%C3%ADni" title="Essuatíni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Essuatíni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwasisuyu" title="Suwasisuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Suwasisuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland_(Eswatini)" title="Swaziland (Eswatini) – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Swaziland (Eswatini)" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="एस्वातीनी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एस्वातीनी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swasilound" title="Swasilound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Swasilound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suazilandi" title="Suazilandi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Suazilandi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="ESwatini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92" title="එස්වාටිනි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එස්වාටිනි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A" title="سوازي لينڊ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سوازي لينڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbuso_weSwatini" title="Umbuso weSwatini – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Umbuso weSwatini" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئێسواتینی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێسواتینی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Есватини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Есватини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89swatini" title="Éswatini – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Éswatini" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swazimaa" title="Swazimaa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Swazimaa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="எசுவாத்தினி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுவாத்தினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iswatini" title="Iswatini – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iswatini" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢႅတ်ႇသ်ဝႃႇတီးၼီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႅတ်ႇသ်ဝႃႇတီးၼီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland" title="Swaziland – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Swaziland" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80" title="ఎస్వాటినీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎస్వాటినీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศเอสวาตินี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเอสวาตินี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%8B%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%92" title="ኤስዋቲኒ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኤስዋቲኒ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Эсватинӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Эсватинӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Эсватини – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эсватини" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Есватіні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есватіні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسواتینی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسواتینی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%84%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سۋازىلېند – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۋازىلېند" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esuatini" title="Esuatini – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Esuatini" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svasiy%C3%A4n" title="Svasiyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Svasiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svaasimaa" title="Svaasimaa – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Svaasimaa" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%B0%BC" title="史瓦帝尼 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="史瓦帝尼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD" title="斯威士蘭 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯威士蘭" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESwatini" title="ESwatini – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="ESwatini" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="סוואזילאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סוואזילאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD" title="斯威士蘭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斯威士蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvat%C4%97nis" title="Esvatėnis – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Esvatėnis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini – South Ndebele" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Eswatini" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="South Ndebele" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esvatini" title="Esvatini – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Esvatini" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%89" title="ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Eswatini" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the 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.ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kingdom of Eswatini</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Swazi-language text"><i lang="ss">Umbuso weSwatini</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Eswatini.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Eswatini"><img alt="Flag of Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/125px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/188px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/250px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Eswatini" title="Flag of Eswatini">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Eswatini"><img alt="Coat of arms of Eswatini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Eswatini" title="Coat of arms of Eswatini"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><br /><span title="Swazi-language text"><i lang="ss">"Siyinqaba"</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>)</span><br />"We are a fortress"<br />"We are a mystery"<br />"We hide ourselves away"<br />"We are powerful ones"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <br />"<a href="/wiki/Nkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati" title="Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati">Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati</a>"<br /> "Oh God, Giver of Blessings to the Swazi"<br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="68" data-mwtitle="Nkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Nkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/Nkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_%28instrumental%29.ogg/Nkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANkulunkulu_Mnikati_wetibusiso_temaSwati_%28instrumental%29.ogg&lang=ss&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ss" label="SiSwati ‪(ss)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Eswatini_on_the_globe_(special_marker)_(Madagascar_centered).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eswatini_on_the_globe_%28special_marker%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg/220px-Eswatini_on_the_globe_%28special_marker%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eswatini_on_the_globe_%28special_marker%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg/330px-Eswatini_on_the_globe_%28special_marker%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eswatini_on_the_globe_%28special_marker%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg/440px-Eswatini_on_the_globe_%28special_marker%29_%28Madagascar_centered%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="799" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Show globe</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Eswatini_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a> (executive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a> (legislative)</li></ul> </div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Eswatini&params=26_30_S_31_30_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°30′S</span> <span class="longitude">31°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.500°S 31.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-26.500; 31.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2017)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>84% <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a></li><li>10% <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a></li><li>6% others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2017)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>89.3% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Eswatini">Christianity</a> <ul><li>88.8% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li>0.5% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space;">7.4% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space;">2.5% <a href="/wiki/African_traditional_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="African traditional religion">traditional faiths</a></li><li style="white-space;">0.8% others<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Eswatini" title="Politics of Eswatini">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">King</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Ndlovukati" title="Ndlovukati">Queen Mother</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ntfombi_of_Eswatini" title="Ntfombi of Eswatini">Ntfombi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Eswatini">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Dlamini" title="Russell Dlamini">Russell Dlamini</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">Chief Justice</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bheki_Maphalala" title="Bheki Maphalala">Bheki Maphalala</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">House of Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence granted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6 September 1968</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_257" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 257">United Nations membership</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 September 1968</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Swaziland">Current constitution</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">2005<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Renaming </div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 April 2018</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Eswatini" title="Geography of Eswatini">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">17,364 km<sup>2</sup> (6,704 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">153rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.9</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Eswatini" title="Demographics of Eswatini">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,236,126<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">155th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2017 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,093,238<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">66.8/km<sup>2</sup> (173.0/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">135th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $13.797 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SZ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SZ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">158th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $11,858<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SZ_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SZ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">113th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $4.648 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SZ_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SZ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">168th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $3,995<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.SZ_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SZ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">122nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2016)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Negative increase"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 54.6<sup id="cite_ref-wb-gini_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkred">high inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.610<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">142nd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swazi_lilangeni" title="Swazi lilangeni">Lilangeni</a> (SZL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a> (ZAR)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2</span> (<a href="/wiki/South_African_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Standard Time">SAST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Eswatini" title="Telephone numbers in Eswatini">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B268" class="mw-redirect" title="+268">+268</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:SZ" title="ISO 3166-2:SZ">SZ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.sz" title=".sz">.sz</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sz/">www<wbr />.gov<wbr />.sz</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Swati (Swazi)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Person</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>li</b>Swati</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people"><b>ema</b>Swati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language"><b>si</b>Swati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>e</b>Swatini</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eswatini</b><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, formally the <b>Kingdom of Eswatini</b>, also known by its former official name <b>Swaziland</b><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formally the <b>Kingdom of Swaziland</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KingdEswatini_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingdEswatini-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Landlocked_country" title="Landlocked country">landlocked country</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> to its northeast and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> to its north, west, south, and southeast. At no more than 200 km (120 mi) north to south and 130 km (81 mi) east to west, Eswatini is one of the smallest countries in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>; despite this, its climate and topography are diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous <a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">highveld</a> to a hot and dry <a href="/wiki/Lowveld" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowveld">lowveld</a>. </p><p>The population is composed primarily of <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">ethnic Swazis</a>. The prevalent language is <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a> (<i>siSwati</i> in native form). The Swazis established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Ngwane_III" title="Ngwane III">Ngwane III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonner82_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonner82-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country and the Swazi take their names from <a href="/wiki/Mswati_II" title="Mswati II">Mswati II</a>, the 19th-century king under whose rule the country was expanded and unified; its boundaries were drawn up in 1881 in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuper86_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuper86-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, the kingdom, under the name of Swaziland, was a British <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_Southern_Africa" title="High Commissioner for Southern Africa">high commission territory</a> from 1903 until it regained its full independence on 6 September 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Gillis99_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gillis99-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2018, the official name was changed from Kingdom of Swaziland to Kingdom of Eswatini, mirroring the name commonly used in Swazi.<sup id="cite_ref-KingdEswatini_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingdEswatini-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini is a <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a> that is classified as having a lower-middle income economy. As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a>, its main local trading partner is South Africa; to ensure economic stability, Eswatini's currency, the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_lilangeni" title="Swazi lilangeni">lilangeni</a>, is <a href="/wiki/Fixed_exchange_rate_system" title="Fixed exchange rate system">pegged</a> to the <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a>. Eswatini's major overseas trading partners are the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Eswatini is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. </p><p>The government is an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a>, the last of its kind in Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been ruled by King <a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a> since 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elections are held every five years to determine the House of Assembly and the Senate majority, but political parties are prohibited from running.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Eswatini" title="Constitution of Eswatini">constitution</a> was adopted in 2005. <i><a href="/wiki/Umhlanga_(ceremony)" title="Umhlanga (ceremony)">Umhlanga</a></i>, the reed dance held in August/September,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Incwala" title="Incwala">incwala</a></i>, the kingship dance held in December/January, are the nation's most important events.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swazi population faces major health issues: <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a> and (to a lesser extent) <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> is widespread.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty-eight percent of the adult population is HIV-positive.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2018, Eswatini has the 12th-lowest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">life expectancy in the world</a>, at 58 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of Eswatini is young. As of 2018, people aged 14 years or younger constitute 35% of the country's population and the median age is 22 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Demo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Eswatini" title="History of Eswatini">History of Eswatini</a></div> <p>Artifacts have been found indicating human activity dating back to the early <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a>, around 200,000 years ago. Prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">rock art</a> paintings dating from as far back as <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 27,000 years ago</span> to as recently as the 19th century can be found around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-South_African_History_Online_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_African_History_Online-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known inhabitants of the region were <a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a>. They were largely replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_people" title="Nguni people">Nguni</a> during the great <a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu migrations</a>. These peoples originated from the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes region</a> of eastern and central Africa. Evidence of agriculture and iron use dates from about the 4th century. People speaking languages ancestral to the current <a href="/wiki/Sotho%E2%80%93Tswana_languages" title="Sotho–Tswana languages">Sotho</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni languages</a> began settling no later than the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-BonnerPhilip_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BonnerPhilip-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swazi_settlers_(18th_and_19th_centuries)"><span id="Swazi_settlers_.2818th_and_19th_centuries.29"></span>Swazi settlers (18th and 19th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Swazi settlers (18th and 19th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Swazi settlers, then known as <i>the Ngwane</i> (or <i>bakaNgwane</i>) before entering Eswatini, had been settled on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Pongola_River" title="Pongola River">Pongola River</a>. Before that, they were settled in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Tembe_River" title="Tembe River">Tembe River</a> near present-day <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, Mozambique. Continuing conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Ndwandwe" title="Ndwandwe">Ndwandwe</a> people pushed them further north, with <a href="/wiki/Ngwane_III" title="Ngwane III">Ngwane III</a> establishing his capital at <a href="/wiki/Shiselweni_Region" title="Shiselweni Region">Shiselweni</a> at the foot of the Mhlosheni hills.<sup id="cite_ref-BonnerPhilip_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BonnerPhilip-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Sobhuza_I" title="Sobhuza I">Sobhuza I</a>, the Ngwane people established their capital at <a href="/wiki/Zombodze" title="Zombodze">Zombodze</a> in the heartland of present-day Eswatini. In this process, they conquered and incorporated the long established clans of the country known to the Swazi as <i>Emakhandzambili</i> (those found ahead).<sup id="cite_ref-BonnerPhilip_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BonnerPhilip-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg/220px-R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg/330px-R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg/440px-R%C3%A9cipient_Swazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century Swazi container, carved in wood</figcaption></figure> <p>Eswatini derives its name from a later king named <a href="/wiki/Mswati_II" title="Mswati II">Mswati II</a>. <i>KaNgwane</i>, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Eswatini, the surname of whose <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">royal house</a> remains <i>Nkhosi <a href="/wiki/House_of_Dlamini" title="House of Dlamini">Dlamini</a></i>. <i>Nkhosi</i> curiously means "king" in <a href="/wiki/Negus" title="Negus">Ethiopian Semitic</a> languages. Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Eswatini, and he greatly extended the area of the country to twice its current size. The <i>Emakhandzambili</i> clans were initially incorporated into the kingdom with wide autonomy, often including grants of special ritual and political status. The extent of their autonomy, however, was drastically curtailed by Mswati, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s.<sup id="cite_ref-BonnerPhilip_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BonnerPhilip-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With his power, Mswati greatly reduced the influence of the <i>Emakhandzambili</i> while incorporating more people into his kingdom either through conquest or by giving them refuge. These later arrivals became known to the Swazis as <i>Emafikamuva</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnston,_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State,_Natal,_Basuto_Land,_Etc..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc..jpg/220px-Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc..jpg/330px-Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc..jpg/440px-Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3152" data-file-height="4269" /></a><figcaption>Swaziland in Southern Africa, Johnston & Johnston, Edinburgh, 1897.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston,_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State,_Natal,_Basuto_Land,_Etc._(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc._%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc._%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc._%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc._%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc._%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Swaziland_1897_-_Johnston%2C_W._and_A.K._-_South_African_Republic._Orange_Free_State%2C_Natal%2C_Basuto_Land%2C_Etc._%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="1109" /></a><figcaption>Swaziland, detail from Johnston & Johnston map (Edinburgh, 1897). Black and White Umbelosi rivers and settlements such as Malinda, Kunudwini and Lotiti are indicated.</figcaption></figure> <p>The autonomy of the Swazi nation was influenced by British and Dutch rule of southern Africa in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1881, the British government signed a convention recognising Swazi independence, despite the <a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> that was taking place at the time. This independence was also recognised in the <a href="/wiki/London_Convention_(1884)" title="London Convention (1884)">London Convention of 1884</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Mbandzeni" title="Mbandzeni">Mbandzeni</a> created a complex pattern of land ownership by granting many concessions to Europeans. During the concessions some of the King's senior chiefs like Chief Ntengu Mbokane got permission to relocate to farms towards the Lubombo region, in the modern-day city of Nsoko. Others like Mshiza Maseko relocated to farms towards the Komati River in the place called eLuvalweni. The concessions included grants and leases for agriculture and grazing. In 1890, following the death of Mbandzeni, a Swaziland Convention created a Chief Court to determine disputes about controversial land and mineral rights and other concessions.<sup id="cite_ref-CO_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CO-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Swaziland was given a <a href="/wiki/Triumvirate" title="Triumvirate">triumviral</a> administration in 1890, representing the British, the Dutch republics, and the Swazi people. In 1894, a convention placed Swaziland under the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Republic" title="South African Republic">South African Republic</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>. This continued under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ngwane_V" title="Ngwane V">Ngwane V</a> until the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a> in October 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King Ngwane V died in December 1899, during <a href="/wiki/Incwala" title="Incwala">incwala</a>, after the outbreak of the Second Boer War. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Sobhuza_II" title="Sobhuza II">Sobhuza II</a>, was four months old. Swaziland was indirectly involved in the war with various skirmishes between the British and the Boers occurring in the country until 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_indirect_rule_over_Swaziland_(1906–1968)"><span id="British_indirect_rule_over_Swaziland_.281906.E2.80.931968.29"></span>British indirect rule over Swaziland (1906–1968)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: British indirect rule over Swaziland (1906–1968)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1903, after the British victory in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>, Swaziland became one of the British "<a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_for_Southern_Africa" title="High Commissioner for Southern Africa">High Commission Territories</a>", the others being <a href="/wiki/Basutoland" title="Basutoland">Basutoland</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bechuanaland_Protectorate" title="Bechuanaland Protectorate">Bechuanaland</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>), although a protectorate was not established because terms had not been agreed with the Swazi Queen Regent <a href="/wiki/Labotsibeni_Mdluli" title="Labotsibeni Mdluli">Labotsibeni Mdluli</a>. </p><p>The Swaziland Administration Proclamation of 1904 established a commission with the task of examining all the concessions and defining their boundaries. This work was finished by 1907, and the Swaziland Concessions Partition Proclamation provided for a concessions partition commissioner to be appointed to set aside areas for the sole use and occupation of the Swazis. The commissioner had the power to expropriate up to one third of each concession without compensation, but payment would need to be made if more than a third was taken. In the event, in 1910 he completed his work and set aside 1,639,687 acres, some 38% of Swaziland's area, for the Swazi. The queen regent then encouraged the Swazi to go to work in the Transvaal to earn money to buy more land from the Europeans.<sup id="cite_ref-CO_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CO-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Much of the early administration of the territory (for example, postal services) was carried out from South Africa until 1906, when the <a href="/wiki/Transvaal_Colony" title="Transvaal Colony">Transvaal Colony</a> was granted self-government. A British <a href="/wiki/High_commissioner" title="High commissioner">high commissioner</a> had some of the functions of a governor, but the Swazis were self-governing on their reserves, and the territory was not deemed to be a British possession.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sobhuza's official coronation as king was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni, after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> of the United Kingdom in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land.<sup id="cite_ref-Vail91_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vail91-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the period between 1923 and 1963, Sobhuza II established the Swazi Commercial Amadoda which was to grant licences to small businesses on the Swazi reserves and also established the Swazi National School to counter the dominance of the missions in education. His stature grew with time, and the Swazi royal leadership was successful in resisting the weakening power of the British administration and the possibility of the incorporation of Swaziland into the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">Union of South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vail91_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vail91-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which a <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Swaziland" title="Legislative Council of Swaziland">Legislative Council</a> and an Executive Council were established. This development was opposed by the king's Swazi National Council (<i>Liqoqo</i>). Despite such opposition, elections took place, and the first <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Swaziland" title="Legislative Council of Swaziland">Legislative Council</a> was constituted on 9 September 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1964, the area of the country reserved for occupation by the Swazi had increased to 56%.<sup id="cite_ref-CO_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CO-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Assembly of Swaziland">House of Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Swaziland">Senate</a> was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 1967 elections, Swaziland was a protected state until independence was regained in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1968–present)"><span id="Independence_.281968.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Independence (1968–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Independence (1968–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the elections of 1972, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King <a href="/wiki/Sobhuza_II" title="Sobhuza II">Sobhuza II</a> who thereafter ruled the country by <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> until his death in 1982. At that point, Sobhuza II had been king of Swaziland for almost 83 years, making him the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-reigning_monarchs" title="List of longest-reigning monarchs">longest-reigning monarch in history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent <a href="/wiki/Dzeliwe_of_Eswatini" title="Dzeliwe of Eswatini">Dzeliwe Shongwe</a> as head of state until 1984 when she was removed by the Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother <a href="/wiki/Ntfombi_of_Eswatini" title="Ntfombi of Eswatini">Ntfombi Tfwala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a>, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned in 1986 as king and <i><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">ngwenyama</a></i> of Swaziland.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An attempt to transfer neighbouring parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, more precisely parts of the Zulu <a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">homeland</a> of <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu" title="KwaZulu">KwaZulu</a> and parts of the Swazi homeland of <a href="/wiki/KaNgwane" title="KaNgwane">KaNgwane</a>, to Swaziland in 1982 was never realized.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This would have given land-locked Swaziland access to the sea. The deal was negotiated by the governments of South Africa and Swaziland, but was met by popular opposition in the territory meant to be transferred.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The territory had been claimed by Sobhuza II as part of the Swazi monarchs' traditional realm, and the South African government hoped to use the area as a buffer zone against guerrilla infiltration from <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>. (The South African government responded to the failure of the transfer by temporarily suspending the autonomy of KaNgwane.)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1990s saw a rise in student and labour protests calling on the king to introduce reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, progress towards constitutional reforms began, culminating with the introduction of the current Swazi constitution in 2005. This happened despite objections by political activists. The current constitution does not clearly deal with the status of political parties.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first election under the constitution took place in 2008. Members of Parliament (MPs) were elected from 55 constituencies (also known as <i>tinkhundla</i>). These MPs served five-year terms which ended in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Swaziland suffered an economic crisis which was caused by reduced <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a> (SACU) receipts. This caused the government to request a loan from neighbouring South Africa. However, they did not agree with the conditions of the loan, which included political reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this period, there was increased pressure on the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Eswatini" title="Government of Eswatini">Swazi government</a> to carry out more reforms. Public protests by civic organisations and <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a> became more common. Starting in 2012, improvements in SACU receipts eased the fiscal pressure on the Swazi government. A new parliament, the second since the promulgation of the constitution, was elected in 2013. The king then reappointed <a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Sibusiso_Dlamini" title="Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini">Sibusiso Dlamini</a> as prime minister for the third time.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 April 2018, Mswati III announced that the Kingdom of Swaziland had been renamed as the Kingdom of Eswatini, reflecting the extant Swazi name for the state <i>eSwatini</i>, to mark the 50th anniversary of Swazi independence. The name Eswatini means "land of the Swazis" in the Swazi language and was partially intended to prevent confusion with the similarly named <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KingdEswatini_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingdEswatini-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini workers began anti-government protests against low salaries in September 2018. They went on a three-day strike organised by the <a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_Congress_of_Eswatini" title="Trade Union Congress of Eswatini">Trade Union Congress of Eswatini</a> that resulted in widespread disruption.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2021, <a href="/wiki/2021_Eswatini_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Eswatini protests">pro-democracy protests</a> broke out across the country, sparking riots, looting, and street skirmishes with police and soldiers. This civil unrest began as a result of years of anger towards the lack of meaningful reforms that would nudge Eswatini in the direction of democracy, as well as the government's reported banning of the submission of petitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_Ban_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition_Ban-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous buildings said to be connected to King Mswati III were torched by protesters, and police reportedly assaulted and arrested political opponents. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> called the turmoil in the landlocked nation "the most explosive civil unrest in its 53 years of independence".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 20 people were killed by state security forces and dozens more injured and detained. The government shut down the Internet (with the compliance of mobile providers MTN and Eswatini Mobile) making it difficult to access reliable news from the country. The king was also said to have fled the country, though government officials disputed those claims, also calling for an end to the protests.<sup id="cite_ref-Petition_Ban_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petition_Ban-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Eswatini" title="Geography of Eswatini">Geography of Eswatini</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eswatini_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Eswatini_Topography.png/330px-Eswatini_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Eswatini_Topography.png/495px-Eswatini_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Eswatini_Topography.png/660px-Eswatini_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1411" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Eswatini</figcaption></figure> <p>A small landlocked kingdom with an area of 17,364 km<sup>2</sup> (6,704 sq mi), Eswatini is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is bordered in the north, west and south by South Africa and by Mozambique in the east. Along the eastern border with Mozambique are the <a href="/wiki/Lebombo_Mountains" title="Lebombo Mountains">Lebombo Mountains</a>, a mountain ridge at an altitude of around 600 metres (2,000 ft). The mountains are broken by the <a href="/wiki/Canyon" title="Canyon">canyons</a> of three rivers, the <a href="/wiki/Ngwavuma_River" title="Ngwavuma River">Ngwavuma</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maputo_River" title="Maputo River">Great Usutu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mbuluzi_River" title="Mbuluzi River">Mbuluzi</a>. The western border, with an average altitude of 1,200 metres (3,900 ft), lies on the edge of an <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpment</a>. </p><p>Eswatini is separated into four geographical regions. These run from north to south and are determined by elevation. <a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a>, the capital, is on the <a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Middleveld, lying at an average 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level, is the most densely populated region of Eswatini with a lower rainfall than the mountains. <a href="/wiki/Manzini,_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzini, Eswatini">Manzini</a>, the principal commercial and industrial city, is situated in the Middleveld.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Lowveld, at around 250 metres (820 ft), is less populated than other areas and presents a typical African bush country of thorn trees and grasslands. Eswatini contains three ecosystems: <a href="/wiki/Maputaland_coastal_forest_mosaic" title="Maputaland coastal forest mosaic">Maputaland coastal forest mosaic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambezian_and_mopane_woodlands" title="Zambezian and mopane woodlands">Zambezian and mopane woodlands</a>, and Drakensberg <a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">montane grasslands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 4.21/10, ranking it 142nd globally out of 172 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-FLII-Supplementary_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eswatini_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Eswatini_landscape.jpg/220px-Eswatini_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Eswatini_landscape.jpg/330px-Eswatini_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Eswatini_landscape.jpg/440px-Eswatini_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2277" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption>Landscape in Eswatini</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Eswatini">Climate of Eswatini</a></div> <p>Eswatini is divided into four climatic regions: the Highveld, Middleveld, Lowveld, and Lubombo plateau. Generally speaking, rain falls mostly during the summer months (December to March), often in the form of thunderstorms.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winter is the <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry season</a>. Annual rainfall is highest on the Highveld in the west, between 1,000 and 2,000 mm (39.4 and 78.7 in). The further east, the less rain, with the Lowveld recording 500 to 900 mm (19.7 to 35.4 in) per annum.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Variations in temperature are also related to the altitude of the different regions. The Highveld temperature is temperate and seldom uncomfortably hot, while the Lowveld may record temperatures around 40 °C (104 °F) in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average temperatures at Mbabane, according to the season: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>Spring</td> <td>September–October</td> <td>18 °C (64.4 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Summer</td> <td>November–March</td> <td>20 °C (68 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Autumn</td> <td>April–May</td> <td>17 °C (62.6 °F) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Winter</td> <td>June–August</td> <td>13 °C (55.4 °F) </td></tr></tbody></table><p> The government of Eswatini has expressed concern that climate change is exacerbating existing social challenges such as poverty, a high HIV prevalence, and food insecurity and will drastically restrict the country's ability to develop, as per Vision 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-www4.unfccc.int_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www4.unfccc.int-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economically, climate change has already adversely impacted Eswatini. For instance, the 2015–16 drought decreased sugar and soft drink concentrate production export (Eswatini's largest economic export). Many of Eswatini's major exports are raw agricultural products and are therefore vulnerable to a changing climate.<sup id="cite_ref-www4.unfccc.int_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www4.unfccc.int-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Biodiversity and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Eswatini" title="Wildlife of Eswatini">Wildlife of Eswatini</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg/170px-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg/255px-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg/340px-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_-_Grewia_villosa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3105" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Grewia_villosa" title="Grewia villosa">Grewia villosa</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Eswatini has a spectrum of formal and informal conservation areas that protect the nation's rich biological diversity. These areas comprise about 5% of the country's land area. Eswatini has over 820 species of vertebrates and over 2400 species of plants, with many <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> species. This diversity suggests Eswatini is globally important for biodiversity conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-BSAP_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSAP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Land degradation and conversion to other land uses are the major threats to biodiversity, including plantation agriculture (legal and illegal), bush-clearing, the spread of alien and invasive plants, and unsustainable resource harvesting; major land fragmentation is evident.<sup id="cite_ref-BSAP_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSAP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini is a signatory to the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity</a>, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>), and the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change. There are three main government ministries responsible for national biodiversity management: the Eswatini National Trust Commission, the <a href="/wiki/Eswatini_Environment_Authority" title="Eswatini Environment Authority">Eswatini Environment Authority</a>, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. In addition, Big Game Parks, a private entity, is tasked with the management of the Game Act, which controls wildlife and CITES.<sup id="cite_ref-BSAP_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BSAP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are six formal and more than 10 informal protected areas in the country. The formally gazetted areas include: <a href="/wiki/Malolotja_National_Park" title="Malolotja National Park">Malolotja Nature Reserve</a>, Mantenga Nature Reserve, <a href="/wiki/Mlawula_Nature_Reserve" title="Mlawula Nature Reserve">Mlawula Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mlilwane_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary">Mlilwane Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mkhaya_Game_Reserve" title="Mkhaya Game Reserve">Mkhaya Game Reserve</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hlane_Royal_National_Park" title="Hlane Royal National Park">Hlane Royal National Park</a>. In addition to these, there are many private and community nature reserves, as well as some with mixed governance structures. These include: Dombeya Game Reserve, <a href="/wiki/Mbuluzi_Game_Reserve" title="Mbuluzi Game Reserve">Mbuluzi Game Reserve</a>, Shewula Nature Reserve, <a href="/wiki/Phophonyane_Falls_Nature_Reserve" title="Phophonyane Falls Nature Reserve">Phophonyane Falls Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Jozini" title="Royal Jozini">Royal Jozini</a>, IYSIS (Inyoni Yami), <a href="/wiki/Ngwempisi" title="Ngwempisi">Ngwempisi</a> Wilderness, <a href="/wiki/Sibebe" title="Sibebe">Sibebe</a> and others. There are other entities that practice secondary or tertiary conservation, as well as two conservancies: the Mhlosinga Conservancy and the <a href="/wiki/Lubombo_Conservancy" title="Lubombo Conservancy">Lubombo Conservancy</a>. Others include: the Natural History Society of Eswatini and the Eswatini Game Ranchers Association. </p><p>From 2014 to 2021, Eswatini participated in the "Strengthening the National Protected Areas System" (SNPAS) project. This project attempted to strengthen conservation outcomes and the national footprint of biodiversity conservation across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an effort to broaden the spectrum of areas eligible for conservation support (which practice bona-fide conservation management), the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP) established a new category for informal, or non-gazetted, conservation areas in 2018. These are now called OECMs, or Other Effective Conservation Measures. The SNPAS Project adopted this OECM terminology and began certifying informal conservation areas in Eswatini in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP_SNPAS_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP_SNPAS-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are known to be <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Eswatini" title="List of birds of Eswatini">507 bird species</a> in Eswatini, including 11 globally threatened species and four introduced species, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Eswatini" title="List of mammals of Eswatini">107 mammal species</a> native to Eswatini, including the critically endangered <a href="/wiki/South-central_black_rhinoceros" title="South-central black rhinoceros">South-central black rhinoceros</a> and seven other endangered or vulnerable species.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eswatini is rich in bird life, including <a href="/wiki/White-backed_vulture" title="White-backed vulture">white-backed vultures</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-headed_vulture" title="White-headed vulture">white-headed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lappet-faced_vulture" title="Lappet-faced vulture">lappet-faced</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_vulture" title="Cape vulture">Cape vultures</a>, raptors such as <a href="/wiki/Martial_eagle" title="Martial eagle">martial eagles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bateleur" title="Bateleur">bateleurs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Long-crested_eagle" title="Long-crested eagle">long-crested eagles</a>, and the southernmost nesting site of the <a href="/wiki/Marabou_stork" title="Marabou stork">marabou stork</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bgp_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgp-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Eswatini" title="Government of Eswatini">Government of Eswatini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Eswatini" title="Politics of Eswatini">Politics of Eswatini</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg/170px-Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg/255px-Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg/340px-Mswati_III_King_of_Eswatini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a> has been king of Eswatini since 1986.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monarchy">Monarchy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Monarchy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eswatini is an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a> with constitutional provision and Swazi law and customs.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> is the king or <i><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">ngwenyama</a></i> (lit. <i>lion</i>), currently King Mswati III, who ascended to the throne in 1986 after the death of his father King Sobhuza II in 1982 and a period of regency. According to the country's constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">ngwenyama</a> is a symbol of unity and the eternity of the Swazi nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Const05_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Const05-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By tradition, the king reigns along with his mother (or a ritual substitute), the <i><a href="/wiki/Ndlovukati" title="Ndlovukati">ndlovukati</a></i> (lit. <i>she-</i>e<i>lephant</i>). The former was viewed as the administrative head of state and the latter as a spiritual and national head of state, with real power counterbalancing that of the king, but during the long reign of Sobhuza II, the role of the <i>ndlovukati</i> became more symbolic.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a majority of senators and a minority of legislators to the lower chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Libandla</a> (parliament) with help from an advisory council. The king is allowed by the constitution to appoint some members to parliament to represent special interests. These special interests are citizens who might have been electoral candidates who were not elected, or might not have stood as candidates. This is done to balance views in parliament. Special interests could be people of a particular gender or race, people with disabilities, significant members of the business community, civic society, scholars, and chiefs.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Swazi <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> Parliament, or Libandla, consists of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Senate</a> (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">House of Assembly</a> (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a>; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 29 September 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The balloting is done in a <a href="/wiki/Nonpartisanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisanism">non-partisan</a> manner. All election procedures are overseen by the Elections and Boundaries Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_culture">Political culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Political culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Swaziland's independence on 6 September 1968, Swaziland adopted a <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster-style</a> constitution. On 12 April 1973, King Sobhuza II annulled it by decree, assuming supreme powers in all executive, judicial, and legislative matters.<sup id="cite_ref-Eisa08_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisa08-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first non-party elections for the House of Assembly were held in 1978, and they were conducted under the <a href="/wiki/Inkhundla" title="Inkhundla">tinkhundla</a> as electoral constituencies determined by the King, and established an Electoral Committee appointed by the King to supervise elections.<sup id="cite_ref-Eisa08_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisa08-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1993 election, the ballot was not secret, voters were not registered, and they did not elect representatives directly. Instead, voters elected an <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a> by passing through a gate designated for the candidate of choice while officials counted them.<sup id="cite_ref-Eisa08_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisa08-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on, a constitutional review commission was appointed by King Mswati III in July 1996, comprising chiefs, political activists, and unionists to consider public submissions and draft proposals for a new constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drafts were released for comment in May 1999 and November 2000. These were strongly criticised by civil society organisations in Swaziland and human rights organisations elsewhere. A 15-member team was announced in December 2001 to draft a new constitution; several members of this team were reported to be close to the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elections">Elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Eswatini" title="Elections in Eswatini">Elections in Eswatini</a></div> <p>Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand, and the nominee either accepts or rejects the nomination. If accepted, the nominee must have the support of at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (<i>Indvuna</i>), and the Constituency Executive Committee (<i>Bucopho</i>). The minimum number of nominees is four and the maximum is ten.<sup id="cite_ref-EISA_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EISA-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primary elections also take place at the chiefdom level. It is by <a href="/wiki/Secret_ballot" title="Secret ballot">secret ballot</a>. During the primary elections, the voters are given an opportunity to elect the member of the executive committee (bucopho) for that particular chiefdom. Aspiring members of parliament and the constituency headman are also elected from each chiefdom. The secondary and final elections takes place at the various constituencies called <a href="/wiki/Inkhundla" title="Inkhundla">tinkhundla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EISA_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EISA-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Candidates who win primary elections in the chiefdoms are considered nominees for the secondary elections at inkhundla or constituency level. The nominees with majority votes become the winners and they become members of parliament or constituency headman.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to 2023 <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Dem Democracy indices">V-Dem Democracy indices</a> Eswatini is 9th lowest ranked worldwide and 2nd lowest ranked <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">electoral democracy in Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vdem_dataset_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdem_dataset-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Eswatini" title="Foreign relations of Eswatini">Foreign relations of Eswatini</a></div> <p>Eswatini is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024, it is the only country in Africa that has maintained ties with <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> and not the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The judicial system in Eswatini is a dual system. The 2005 constitution established a court system based on the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western</a> model consisting of four regional Magistrates Courts, a High Court, and a Court of Appeal (the Supreme Court), which are independent of crown control. In addition, traditional courts (Swazi Courts or Customary Courts) deal with minor offenses and violations of traditional Swazi law and custom.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judges are appointed by the king and are usually expatriates from South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court, which replaced the previous Court of Appeal, consists of the chief justice and at least four other Supreme Court judges. The High Court consists of the chief justice and at least four High Court judges.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chief justices have been: </p> <ul><li>1967–1970: Sir Isadore Victor Elgan</li> <li>1970–1972: Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Pike" title="Philip Pike">Philip Pike</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1972–1973–?: Roland Hill</li> <li>?–1974–1983–?: Charles Nathan</li> <li>1985–1991: Nicholas Robin Hannah<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1998–2002: Stanley Sapire</li> <li>2002–2007: Jacobus Annandale (acting)</li> <li>2007–2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Banda" title="Richard Banda">Richard Banda</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2010–2015: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramodibedi" title="Michael Ramodibedi">Michael Ramodibedi</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015–present: <a href="/wiki/Bheki_Maphalala" title="Bheki Maphalala">Bheki Maphalala</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg/220px-Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg/330px-Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg/440px-Rangers_in_Action_22-African_Land_Forces_Summit-US_Army_Africa-13_MAY_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2494" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Swazi army officers</figcaption></figure> <p>The military of Eswatini (<a href="/wiki/Umbutfo_Eswatini_Defence_Force" title="Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force">Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force</a>) is used primarily during domestic protests, with some border and customs duties. The military has never been involved in a foreign conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-crash_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crash-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the defence force and the substantive Minister of the Ministry of Defence.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are approximately 3,000 personnel in the defence force, with the army being the largest component.<sup id="cite_ref-sipri1_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sipri1-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a small air force, which is mainly used for transporting the king as well as cargo and personnel, surveying land with search and rescue functions, and mobilising in case of a national emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="A clickable map of Eswatini exhibiting its four districts."><img alt="A clickable map of Eswatini exhibiting its four districts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eswatini%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png/200px-Eswatini%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eswatini%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png/300px-Eswatini%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Eswatini%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png/400px-Eswatini%2C_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="899" usemap="#ImageMap_44e498b8fedd1ad9" resource="/wiki/File:Eswatini,_administrative_divisions_-_en_-_colored.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_44e498b8fedd1ad9"><area href="/wiki/Hhohho_Region" shape="rect" coords="57,48,116,71" alt="Hhohho Region" title="Hhohho Region" /><area href="/wiki/Lubombo_Region" shape="rect" coords="121,113,180,131" alt="Lubombo Region" title="Lubombo Region" /><area href="/wiki/Manzini_Region" shape="rect" coords="40,121,96,141" alt="Manzini Region" title="Manzini Region" /><area href="/wiki/Shiselweni_Region" shape="rect" coords="59,182,129,203" alt="Shiselweni Region" title="Shiselweni Region" /></map><figcaption>A clickable map of Eswatini exhibiting its four districts.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Eswatini" title="Regions of Eswatini">Regions of Eswatini</a></div> <p>Eswatini is divided into four regions: <a href="/wiki/Hhohho_Region" title="Hhohho Region">Hhohho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubombo_Region" title="Lubombo Region">Lubombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manzini_Region" title="Manzini Region">Manzini</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shiselweni_Region" title="Shiselweni Region">Shiselweni</a>. In each of the four regions, there are several <i>tinkhundla</i> (singular <i>inkhundla</i>). The regions are managed by a regional administrator, who is aided by elected members in each inkhundla.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The local government is divided into differently structured rural and urban councils depending on the level of development in the area. Although there are different political structures to the local authorities, effectively the urban councils are municipalities and the rural councils are the tinkhundla. There are 12 municipalities and 55 tinkhundla.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each inkhundla has a development committee (<i>bucopho</i>) elected from the various constituency chiefdoms in its area for a five-year term. Bucopho bring to the inkhundla all matters of interest and concern to their various chiefdoms, and take back to the chiefdoms the decisions of the inkhundla. The chairman of the bucopho is elected at the inkhundla and is called <i>indvuna ye nkhundla</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are three tiers of government in the urban areas and these are city councils, town councils and town boards. This variation considers the size of the town or city. Equally, there are three tiers in the rural areas which are the regional administration at the regional level, tinkhundla and chiefdoms. Decisions are made by full council based on recommendations made by the various sub-committees. The town clerk is the chief advisor in each local council or town board.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are 12 declared urban areas, comprising two city councils, three town councils and seven town boards. The main cities and towns in Eswatini are <a href="/wiki/Manzini,_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzini, Swaziland">Manzini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nhlangano" title="Nhlangano">Nhlangano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siteki" title="Siteki">Siteki</a> which are also regional capitals. </p> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:SZ" title="ISO 3166-2:SZ">ISO 3166-2:SZ</a> map key</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#ACE1AF"> <th>Region # </th> <th>Region </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Area <br /> (km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population <br /> (2017 census)<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hhohho_Region" title="Hhohho Region">Hhohho</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a> </td> <td>3,625.17 </td> <td>320,651 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manzini_Region" title="Manzini Region">Manzini</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manzini,_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Manzini, Swaziland">Manzini</a> </td> <td>4,093.59 </td> <td>355,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lubombo_Region" title="Lubombo Region">Lubombo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siteki" title="Siteki">Siteki</a> </td> <td>5,849.11 </td> <td>212,531 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiselweni_Region" title="Shiselweni Region">Shiselweni</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nhlangano" title="Nhlangano">Nhlangano</a> </td> <td>3,786.71 </td> <td>204,111 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Eswatini" title="Economy of Eswatini">Eswatini's economy</a> is diverse, with agriculture, forestry and mining accounting for about 13% of GDP, manufacturing (textiles and sugar-related processing) representing 37% of GDP and services – with government services in the lead – constituting 50% of GDP. <a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">Title Deed</a> Lands (TDLs), where the bulk of high value crops are grown (sugar, forestry, and citrus), are characterised by high levels of investment and irrigation, and high productivity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> About 75% of the population is employed in <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence agriculture</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Swazi_Nation_Land" title="Swazi Nation Land">Swazi Nation Land</a> (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, SNL suffers from low productivity and investment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg/220px-Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg/330px-Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg/440px-Eswatini_GDP_per_capita_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>GDP per capita, 1970 to 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>The cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, the country's largest export, has involved forced evictions of rural communities to build plantations, child labour and work weeks of up to 60 hours. The <a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a> refers to "arduous and unhealthy working conditions, miserable wages and violent repression of any attempt to unionize."<sup id="cite_ref-mon_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economic growth has lagged behind that of neighbouring countries. Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a> (SACU) member countries. Low agricultural productivity in the SNLs, repeated droughts, the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS and an overly large and inefficient government sector are likely contributing factors. Eswatini's public finances deteriorated in the late 1990s following sizeable surpluses a decade earlier. A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg/220px-Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg/330px-Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/68/Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg/440px-Central_Bank_of_Eswatini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>Central Bank in Mbabane</figcaption></figure> <p>Eswatini's economy is very closely linked to the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa" title="Economy of South Africa">economy of South Africa</a>, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports. Eswatini's other key trading partners are the United States (under the <a href="/wiki/African_Growth_and_Opportunity_Act" title="African Growth and Opportunity Act">African Growth and Opportunity Act</a>) and the EU, from whom the country has received trade preferences for apparel exports to the US and for sugar to the EU. Under these agreements, both apparel and sugar exports did well, with rapid growth and a strong inflow of foreign direct investment. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg/220px-Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg/330px-Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg/440px-Southern_African_Customs_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Eswatini is part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union</a> (green).</figcaption></figure> <p>The continued vibrancy of the export sector is threatened by the removal of trade preferences for textiles, the accession to similar preferences for East Asian countries, and the phasing out of preferential prices for sugar to the EU market. Eswatini will thus have to face the challenge of remaining competitive in a changing global environment. The Investment Climate Assessment provides some positive findings, namely that Eswatini firms are among the most productive in Sub-Saharan Africa, although they are less productive than firms in the most productive middle-income countries in other regions. They compare more favourably with firms from lower middle income countries but are hampered by inadequate governance arrangements and infrastructure.<sup id="cite_ref-Eswatini_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eswatini-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini's currency, the <a href="/wiki/Swazi_lilangeni" title="Swazi lilangeni">lilangeni</a>, is pegged to the <a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a>, subsuming Eswatini's monetary policy to South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union and worker <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittances</a> from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. Eswatini is not poor enough to merit an <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> programme; however, the country is struggling to reduce the size of the civil service and control costs at public enterprises. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for <a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment" title="Foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eswatini_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eswatini-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public services are very poorly developed: the country has only twelve public ambulances, elementary schools generally no longer provide canteens and pharmacies are disappearing.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large amount of wealth in Eswatini is held by the state and the king, including land and large corporations such as RES (Royal Eswatini Sugar) Corporation which is majority owned by the king's <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibiyo_Taka_Ngwane" title="Tibiyo Taka Ngwane">Tibiyo Taka Ngwane</a>, with an additional 6.5% owned by the Eswatini government.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For much of the population, private economic activity involves subsistence agriculture. There are also private businesses run by 15,000 businessmen including descendants of British settlers and some South African investors who have come to Eswatini because they can hire employees at a third of the pay rates they would pay in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Mswati III receives 8% of the national budget for official expenses. The police force receives 5% of the budget, as do the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-mon_108-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mon-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Eswatini" title="Demographics of Eswatini">Demographics of Eswatini</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Eswatini</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-ESWATINICITIES_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESWATINICITIES-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Eswatini" title="List of cities in Eswatini">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Eswatini" title="Regions of Eswatini">Region</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manzini_district_de_Manzini_(2)_Fotor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manzini"><img alt="Manzini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manzini_district_de_Manzini_%282%29_Fotor.jpg/120px-Manzini_district_de_Manzini_%282%29_Fotor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manzini_district_de_Manzini_%282%29_Fotor.jpg/180px-Manzini_district_de_Manzini_%282%29_Fotor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Manzini_district_de_Manzini_%282%29_Fotor.jpg/240px-Manzini_district_de_Manzini_%282%29_Fotor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2381" data-file-height="1405" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manzini" title="Manzini">Manzini</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_bank_swazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mbabane"><img alt="Mbabane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Central_bank_swazi.jpg/120px-Central_bank_swazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Central_bank_swazi.jpg/180px-Central_bank_swazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Central_bank_swazi.jpg/240px-Central_bank_swazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Manzini" title="Manzini">Manzini</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Manzini_Region" title="Manzini Region">Manzini</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,537 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Big Bend"><img alt="Big Bend" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg/120px-MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg/180px-MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg/240px-MR8_before_Big_Bend_Swaziland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend,_Eswatini" title="Big Bend, Eswatini">Big Bend</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Malkerns_,_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Malkerns"><img alt="Malkerns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Malkerns_%2C_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg/120px-Malkerns_%2C_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Malkerns_%2C_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg/180px-Malkerns_%2C_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Malkerns_%2C_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg/240px-Malkerns_%2C_fabrique_de_cierges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1942" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Malkerns" title="Malkerns">Malkerns</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hhohho" class="mw-redirect" title="Hhohho">Hhohho</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">76,218 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Bend,_Eswatini" title="Big Bend, Eswatini">Big Bend</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lubombo_Region" title="Lubombo Region">Lubombo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,342 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malkerns" title="Malkerns">Malkerns</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Manzini_Region" title="Manzini Region">Manzini</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,724 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nhlangano" title="Nhlangano">Nhlangano</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shiselweni" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiselweni">Shiselweni</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,016 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mhlume" title="Mhlume">Mhlume</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lubombo_Region" title="Lubombo Region">Lubombo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,652 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hluti" title="Hluti">Hluti</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shiselweni" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiselweni">Shiselweni</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,763 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Siteki" title="Siteki">Siteki</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lubombo_Region" title="Lubombo Region">Lubombo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,152 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Piggs_Peak" title="Piggs Peak">Piggs Peak</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hhohho" class="mw-redirect" title="Hhohho">Hhohho</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hhohho" class="mw-redirect" title="Hhohho">Hhohho</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,557 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eswatini-demography.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Eswatini-demography.svg/350px-Eswatini-demography.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Eswatini-demography.svg/525px-Eswatini-demography.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Eswatini-demography.svg/700px-Eswatini-demography.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Eswatini's population in thousands (1950–2021)</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of Eswatini's population is ethnically <a href="/wiki/Swazi_people" title="Swazi people">Swazi</a>, mixed with a small number of <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Africans_of_European_ancestry" title="White Africans of European ancestry">White Africans</a>, mostly people of British and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaner</a> descent. Traditionally Swazi have been subsistence farmers and herders, but most now mix such activities with work in the growing urban formal economy and in government. Some Swazi work in the mines in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eswatini also received <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> settlers and African refugees from Mozambique. Christianity in Eswatini is sometimes mixed with traditional beliefs and practices. Many traditionalists believe that most Swazi ascribe a special spiritual role to the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eswatini" title="Languages of Eswatini">Languages of Eswatini</a></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/SiSwati_language" class="mw-redirect" title="SiSwati language">SiSwati</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (also known as <i>Swati</i>, <i>Swazi</i> or <i>Siswati</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu language</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nguni_languages" title="Nguni languages">Nguni</a> group, spoken in Eswatini and South Africa. It has 2.5 million speakers and is taught in schools. It is an official language of Eswatini, along with English,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the official languages of South Africa. English is the medium of communication in schools, conducting business, and the press.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 76,000 people in the country speak <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tsonga_language" title="Tsonga language">Tsonga</a>, which is spoken by many people throughout the region is spoken by about 19,000 people in Eswatini. <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> is also spoken by some residents of Afrikaner descent. Portuguese has been introduced as a third language in the schools because of the large community of Portuguese speakers from Mozambique<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> or <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">Northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Portugal" title="Central Region, Portugal">Central Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Religion in Eswatini</a></div> <p>Eighty-three percent of the total population adheres to Christianity in Eswatini. <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-initiated_church" title="African-initiated church">indigenous African churches</a>, including <a href="/wiki/African_Zionism" title="African Zionism">African Zionist</a> (40%), constitute the majority of Christians, followed by Catholicism at 6% of the population. On 18 July 2012, <a href="/wiki/Ellinah_Wamukoya" title="Ellinah Wamukoya">Ellinah Wamukoya</a> was elected <i>Anglican Bishop of Swaziland</i>, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa and serving in that position until her death in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fifteen percent of the population follows <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">traditional religions</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (2%<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> (0.5%), and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (0.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 14 <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> families in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kingdom of Eswatini does not recognise non-civil marriages such as Islamic-rite marriage contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Eswatini" title="Health in Eswatini">Health in Eswatini</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Eswatini" title="HIV/AIDS in Eswatini">HIV/AIDS in Eswatini</a></div> <p>As of 2019, Eswatini has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_HIV/AIDS_adult_prevalence_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate">highest prevalence of HIV</a> among people aged 15 to 49 in the world (27.1%).<sup id="cite_ref-unaids16_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unaids16-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini scores 15.7 in global hunger index 2024, with 74th rank.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg/240px-Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg/360px-Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg/480px-Rural_primary_school_in_Eswatini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A rural primary school in Eswatini</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eswatini" title="Education in Eswatini">Education in Eswatini</a> begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training, and universities and colleges at the tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-years or younger; after that, a student can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. Early childhood care and education centres take the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points. In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary education begins at age six. It is a seven-year programme that culminates with an end-of-primary-school examination in grade 7 which is a locally based assessment administered by the Examinations Council through schools.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The secondary and high school education system is a five-year programme divided into three years junior secondary and two years senior secondary. There is an external public examination (Junior Certificate) at the end of the junior secondary that learners must pass to progress to the senior secondary level. The Examinations Council of Swaziland administers this examination. At the end of the senior secondary level, learners sit for a public examination, the Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education and International General Certificate of Secondary Education which is accredited by the Cambridge International Examination. A few schools offer the Advanced Studies programme in their curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are 830 public schools including primary, secondary and high schools.<sup id="cite_ref-SZEDSchoolList_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZEDSchoolList-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also 34 recognised private schools with an additional 14 unrecognised private schools. The largest number of schools is in the Hhohho region.<sup id="cite_ref-SZEDSchoolList_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZEDSchoolList-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Education is free at primary level, mainly first through the fourth grade and also free for orphaned and vulnerable children, but not compulsory.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, the net primary school enrollment rate was 90.8%, with gender parity at the primary level.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_131-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, 80.5% of children reached grade five.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_131-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1963, Waterford School, later named <a href="/wiki/Waterford_Kamhlaba" title="Waterford Kamhlaba">Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa</a>, was founded as southern Africa's first multiracial school. In 1981, Waterford Kamhlaba joined the <a href="/wiki/United_World_Colleges" title="United World Colleges">United World Colleges</a> movement as the first United World College on the African continent, and the only African UWC until 2019, when UWC East Africa in Tanzania joined the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Eswatini" title="University of Eswatini">University of Eswatini</a>, Southern African Nazarene University and Eswatini Medical Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of <a href="/wiki/Limkokwing_University_of_Creative_Technology" title="Limkokwing University of Creative Technology">Limkokwing University of Creative Technology</a> can be found at Sidvwashini (Sidwashini), a suburb of Mbabane. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Siteki" title="Siteki">Siteki</a> is home to the College for Nursing Assistants.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klopper12_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klopper12-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University of Eswatini is the national university, established in 1982 by act of Parliament, and is headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Kwaluseni" title="Kwaluseni">Kwaluseni</a> with additional campuses in Mbabane and <a href="/wiki/Luyengo" title="Luyengo">Luyengo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Southern African Nazarene University in Manzini was established in 2010 as a merger of the Nazarene College of Nursing, College of Theology and the Nazarene Teachers College.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eswatini Medical Christian University,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> focusing on medical education, was established in 2012 and is Eswatini's newest university.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in Mbabane.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The campus of Limkokwing University was opened at Sidvwashini in Mbabane in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main centre for technical training in Eswatini is the <a href="/wiki/Eswatini_College_of_Technology" title="Eswatini College of Technology">Eswatini College of Technology</a><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other technical and vocational institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Gwamile_Vocational_and_Commercial_Training_Institute" title="Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute">Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Matsapha" title="Matsapha">Matsapha</a>, the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre in Manzini, Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Centre, and Siteki Industrial Training Centre. </p><p>In addition to these institutions, the kingdom also has the Eswatini Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA)<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government-owned management and development institute, and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho, and Eswatini, providing training, consultancy, and research in management. North Carolina State University's <a href="/wiki/Poole_College_of_Management" title="Poole College of Management">Poole College of Management</a> is a sister school of SIMPA.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mananga Management Centre was established at <a href="/wiki/Ezulwini_Valley" title="Ezulwini Valley">Ezulwini</a> as Mananga Agricultural Management Centre in 1972 as an international management development centre offering training of middle and senior managers.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Eswatini" title="Tourism in Eswatini">Tourism in Eswatini</a></div> <p>Tourism in Eswatini developed significantly during <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="South Africa under apartheid">apartheid</a> era, attracting visitors with different policies than South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourists came for television programs, sporting events, and gambling unavailable in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wachowiak2006_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wachowiak2006-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourist numbers rose from 89,015 in 1972 to 257,997 in 1989. Post-apartheid, growth slowed as neighboring countries became more appealing.<sup id="cite_ref-tmag_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmag-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now, Eswatini emphasizes its traditional culture and status as the last <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan African</a> monarchy to attract tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-tmag_148-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmag-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Eswatini Tourism Board, established in 2003, promotes royal celebrations and <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Swaziland">game parks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tmag_148-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tmag-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, Eswatini joined the Lubombo Route agreement with South Africa and Mozambique, allowing cross-border travel on a single visa.<sup id="cite_ref-tio_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tio-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Eswatini" title="Culture of Eswatini">Culture of Eswatini</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eswatini" title="Music of Eswatini">Music of Eswatini</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Eswatini" title="Special:EditPage/Eswatini">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Mswati_III,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King_Mswati_III%2C_2006.jpg/170px-King_Mswati_III%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King_Mswati_III%2C_2006.jpg/255px-King_Mswati_III%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King_Mswati_III%2C_2006.jpg/340px-King_Mswati_III%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="1439" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Umhlanga_(ceremony)" title="Umhlanga (ceremony)">reed dance festival</a>, where he will choose his next wife</figcaption></figure> <p>The principal Swazi social unit is the homestead, a traditional beehive hut thatched with dry grass. In a polygamous homestead, each wife has her own hut and yard surrounded by reed fences. There are three structures for sleeping, cooking, and storage (brewing beer). Larger homesteads also have structures used as bachelors' quarters and guest accommodation. Central to the traditional homestead is the cattle <a href="/wiki/Byre" class="mw-redirect" title="Byre">byre</a>, a circular area enclosed by large logs, interspersed with branches. The cattle byre has ritual as well as practical significance as a store of wealth and symbol of prestige. It contains sealed grain pits. Facing the cattle byre is the great hut which is occupied by the mother of the headman. The headman is central to all homestead affairs, and he is often <a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">polygamous</a>. He leads through example and advises his wives on all social affairs of the home, as well as seeing to the well-being of the family. He also spends time socialising with the young boys, who are often his sons or close relatives, advising them on the expectations of growing up and manhood. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">sangoma</a> is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various purposes, such as determining the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness. </p><p>The most important cultural event in Eswatini is the <a href="/wiki/Incwala" title="Incwala">Incwala</a> ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is held on the fourth day after the full moon nearest the longest day, 21 December. Incwala is often translated in English as "first fruits ceremony", but the king's tasting of the new harvest is only one aspect among many in this long pageant. Incwala is best translated as "Kingship Ceremony": when there is no king, there is no incwala. It is a crime for any other person to hold an Incwala. Every Swazi may take part in the public parts of the Incwala. The climax of the event is the fourth day of the Big Incwala. The key figures are the king, queen mother, royal wives and children, the royal governors (<a href="/wiki/InDuna" title="InDuna">indunas</a>), the chiefs, the regiments, and the "bemanti" or "water people". </p><p>Eswatini's most well-known cultural event is the annual <a href="/wiki/Umhlanga_(ceremony)" title="Umhlanga (ceremony)">Umhlanga Reed Dance</a>. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds, present them to the Queen Mother and then dance <a href="/wiki/Toplessness" title="Toplessness">bare-breasted</a>. It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the ceremony are to preserve girls' <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abstinence" title="Sexual abstinence">chastity</a>, provide tribute labour for the Queen Mother and to encourage solidarity by working together. The royal family appoints a commoner maiden to be "induna" (captain) of the girls and she announces the dates of the annual ceremony over the radio. The chosen induna is expected to be an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol. One of the king's daughters acts as her counterpart during the ceremony. The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "<a href="/wiki/Umchwasho" title="Umchwasho">umchwasho</a>" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the queen mother, ending with dancing and feasting. The country was under the rite of "umchwasho" until 2005. </p><p>Eswatini is also known for a strong presence in the handcrafts industry. The formalised handcraft businesses of Eswatini employ over 2,500 people, many of whom are women.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The products are unique and reflect the culture of Eswatini, ranging from housewares, to artistic decorations, to complex glass, stone or wood artwork. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_Olympics" title="Eswatini at the Olympics">Eswatini at the Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eswatini_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Eswatini at the Commonwealth Games">Eswatini at the Commonwealth Games</a></div> <p>Eswatini has sent athletes to the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> since 1972 but is yet to win a medal. The country has won medals in boxing and marathon at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>. Team sports popular in Eswatini include <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Eswatini" title="Football in Eswatini">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eswatini_Cricket_Association" title="Eswatini Cricket Association">cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eswatini_Rugby_Union" title="Eswatini Rugby Union">rugby union</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Somhlolo_National_Stadium" title="Somhlolo National Stadium">Somhlolo National Stadium</a> is the largest sporting venue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Eswatini" title="Outline of Eswatini">Outline of Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Eswatini" title="HIV/AIDS in Eswatini">HIV/AIDS in Eswatini</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Swazi language, emaSwati (plural) and liSwati (singular) are used.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/94\/En-us-Eswatini.oga\/En-us-Eswatini.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Eswatini.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/En-us-Eswatini.oga/En-us-Eswatini.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Eswatini.oga" title="File:En-us-Eswatini.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ESS</span>-wah-<span style="font-size:90%">TEE</span>-nee</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Swazi_language" title="Swazi language">Swazi</a>: <i lang="ss">eSwatini</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ss-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">[ɛswáˈtʼiːni]</a></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/51\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Swaziland.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SWAH</span>-zee-land</i></a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sz/images/FinanceDocuments/Volume-3.pdf">"The 2017 Population and Housing Census Volume 3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Central Statistics Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2017+Population+and+Housing+Census+Volume+3&rft.pub=Central+Statistics+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sz%2Fimages%2FFinanceDocuments%2FVolume-3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/eswatini/">"Eswatini"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eswatini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Freports%2F2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom%2Feswatini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/sz/sz010en.pdf">"Laws"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. wipo.int<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laws&rft.pub=wipo.int&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fedocs%2Flexdocs%2Flaws%2Fen%2Fsz%2Fsz010en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929043736/https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/71892/111269/F1996008974/SWZ71892.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/71892/111269/F1996008974/SWZ71892.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilo.org%2Fdyn%2Fnatlex%2Fdocs%2FELECTRONIC%2F71892%2F111269%2FF1996008974%2FSWZ71892.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.sz/images/stories/Constitution%20of%20%20SD-2005A001.pdf">"Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. gov.sz<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution&rft.pub=gov.sz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sz%2Fimages%2Fstories%2FConstitution%2520of%2520%2520SD-2005A001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=SZ">"Population, total – Eswatini"</a>. The World Bank Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press. pp. 60, 85–88. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521523004" title="Special:BookSources/9780521523004">9780521523004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.int/eswatini/swaziland/country-facts">"Country Facts | eSwatini"</a>. <i>www.un.int</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Burlington: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4775-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4775-1"><bdi>978-0-7546-4775-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tourism+and+borders%3A+contemporary+issues%2C+policies%2C+and+international+research&rft.place=Burlington&rft.pages=256&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4775-1&rft.au=Helmut+Wachowiak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIdLHAt9H8Q4C%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tmag-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tmag_148-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tmag_148-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tmag_148-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2004" class="citation news cs1">Hall, James (14 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mg.co.za/article/2004-04-14-swazi-tourism-looks-to-the-future">"Swazi tourism looks to the future"</a>. <i>Mail & Guardian</i>. Johannesburg<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mail+%26+Guardian&rft.atitle=Swazi+tourism+looks+to+the+future&rft.date=2004-04-14&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmg.co.za%2Farticle%2F2004-04-14-swazi-tourism-looks-to-the-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tio-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tio_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2006" class="citation news cs1">Meyer, Jani (7 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/sa-signs-tourism-pact-with-mozambique-1.276714">"SA signs tourism pact with Mozambique"</a>. <i>The Independent Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+Online&rft.atitle=SA+signs+tourism+pact+with+Mozambique&rft.date=2006-05-07&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Jani&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2Fsa-signs-tourism-pact-with-mozambique-1.276714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.sz/index.php/component/content/article/127-home-affairs/2369-the-annual-incwala-ceremony-begins?Itemid=799">"Incwala"</a>. <i>The Government of the Kingdom of Eswatini</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Government+of+the+Kingdom+of+Eswatini&rft.atitle=Incwala&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.sz%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F127-home-affairs%2F2369-the-annual-incwala-ceremony-begins%3FItemid%3D799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>TechnoServe Swaziland Handcrafts Impact Study</i>, February 2011</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Eswatini</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eSwatini" class="extiw" title="wikt:eSwatini">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swaziland" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Swaziland">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Swaziland" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Swaziland">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Eswatini" class="extiw" title="q:Eswatini">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Swaziland" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:Swaziland">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Swaziland" class="extiw" title="voy:Swaziland">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Eswatini" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Eswatini">Wikimedia Atlas of Eswatini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.sz/">Government of Eswatini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekingdomofeswatini.com/">Official Tourism Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/">Eswatini</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanaHillier1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Cana, Frank Richardson; <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Peter_Hillier" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Peter Hillier">Hillier, Alfred Peter</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Swaziland"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Swaziland">"Swaziland" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. <span class="nowrap">184–</span>186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swaziland&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E184-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Cana&rft.aufirst=Frank+Richardson&rft.au=Hillier%2C+Alfred+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEswatini" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090521105240/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/swaziland.htm">Swaziland</a> from <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14095303">Eswatini</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ifs.du.edu/IFs/frm_CountryProfile/SZ">Key Development Forecasts for Swaziland</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eswatini_topics" title="Template:Eswatini topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eswatini_topics" title="Template talk:Eswatini topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eswatini_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eswatini topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eswatini_articles393" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Eswatini" title="History of Eswatini">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Eswatini" title="List of monarchs of Eswatini">Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_Eswatini_protests" title="2021–2023 Eswatini protests">2021–2023 protests</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Eswatini" title="Flag of Eswatini"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/100px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/150px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/200px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Eswatini" title="Geography of Eswatini">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Eswatini" title="List of cities in Eswatini">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Eswatini" title="Geology of Eswatini">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Eswatini" title="Regions of Eswatini">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Eswatini" title="Wildlife of Eswatini">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Eswatini" title="Politics of Eswatini">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Eswatini" title="Cabinet of Eswatini">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Eswatini" title="Elections in Eswatini">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Eswatini" title="Foreign relations of Eswatini">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Eswatini" title="Human rights in Eswatini">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Eswatini">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Ngwenyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndlovukati" title="Ndlovukati">Ndlovukati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Eswatini" title="List of prime ministers of Eswatini">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbutfo_Eswatini_Defence_Force" title="Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umbutfo_Eswatini_Defence_Force#Commanders" title="Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force">Commander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Eswatini" title="Law enforcement in Eswatini">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Assembly_of_Eswatini" title="House of Assembly of Eswatini">House of Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Eswatini" title="List of political parties in Eswatini">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Eswatini" title="Economy of Eswatini">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Eswatini" title="Central Bank of Eswatini">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Eswatini" title="Child labour in Eswatini">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Eswatini" title="List of companies of Eswatini">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Eswatini" title="Mining industry of Eswatini">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Eswatini" title="Prostitution in Eswatini">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_Stock_Market" title="Eswatini Stock Market">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eswatini" title="Telecommunications in Eswatini">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Eswatini" title="Transport in Eswatini">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Eswatini" title="Category:Society of Eswatini">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Eswatini" title="Abortion in Eswatini">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Eswatini" title="Culture of Eswatini">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Eswatini" title="Demographics of Eswatini">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Eswatini" title="Education in Eswatini">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Eswatini" title="Flag of Eswatini">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Eswatini" title="Languages of Eswatini">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Eswatini" title="Music of Eswatini">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Eswatini" title="Outline of Eswatini">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eswatini" title="Category:Eswatini">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_articles83" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_articles83" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Years_in_Eswatini_(1968–present)150" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_Eswatini" title="Template:Years in Eswatini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_Eswatini" title="Template talk:Years in Eswatini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_Eswatini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in Eswatini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Years_in_Eswatini_(1968–present)150" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Years in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini</a> (1968–present)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_of_the_20th_century_in_Eswatini" title="Category:Years of the 20th century in Eswatini">Pre-1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1968_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1968 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1969_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1969 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_in_Eswatini" title="Category:1970s in Eswatini">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_Eswatini" title="1978 in Eswatini">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_Eswatini" title="Category:1980s in Eswatini">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1990_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1990 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1992_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1992 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1993_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1993 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1994_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1994 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1995_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1995 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1997_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1998_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1998 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1999_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1999 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2000_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2001_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2001 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2002 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2004_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2004 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_Eswatini" title="2017 in Eswatini">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Eswatini (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_Eswatini" title="2020 in Eswatini">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_Eswatini" title="2021 in Eswatini">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_Eswatini" title="2022 in Eswatini">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_Eswatini" title="2023 in Eswatini">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_Eswatini" title="2024 in Eswatini">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_Eswatini" title="2025 in Eswatini">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Southern_African_Development_Community_(SADC)77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template:Southern African Development Community"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Template talk:Southern African Development 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Congo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Chairpersons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kgalema_Motlanthe" title="Kgalema Motlanthe">Kgalema Motlanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Secretaries-General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaire_Mbuende" title="Kaire Mbuende">Kaire Mbuende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prega_Ramsamy" title="Prega Ramsamy">Prega Ramsamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaz_Salom%C3%A3o" title="Tomaz Salomão">Tomaz Salomão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Coordination_Conference" title="Southern African Development Coordination Conference">Southern African Development Coordination Conference <span style="font-size:85%;">(forerunner)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">Southern African Customs Union <span style="font-size:85%;">(SACU)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Monetary_Area" title="Common Monetary Area">Common Monetary Area <span style="font-size:85%;">(CMA)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa <span style="font-size:85%;">(COMESA)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union350" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Union350" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Africa">Federal Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a><br />(members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa699" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_Plate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and regions in the Somali Plate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_regions_in_the_Somali_plate73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and regions in the <a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Somali plate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(South Africa)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Yemen)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Region" title="Somali Region">Somali Region</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ethiopia)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies295" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies295" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa145" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3568" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3568" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121107657">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/140126183">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1214603/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QbtfRvdcTvMrpX3hKY6J3DY">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Eswatini"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1225128579">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Eswatini"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2019008120">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Swaziland"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81087157">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959471p">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15326409f">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11959471p">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15326409f">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571785">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35534138">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Svazijsko"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130988&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457056">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5004369">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000157990&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcffl3k3d9llt7">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007268599705171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987011541674705171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/564741c6-943e-313b-86fa-9819d595281b">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12641716?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003468">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044270">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&oldid=1273809233">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eswatini&oldid=1273809233</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eswatini" title="Category:Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li><li><a 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