CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Angie Morris | University of Sussex - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "profiles/works", 'action': "summary", 'controller_action': 'profiles/works#summary', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="o+GEO8JZnTX/uJNCI1AVzK7Hxn74ezme77YK/1swXhWFSY6NU0JQbRbkYiK7017G5ZvI5SEh7HDyNXdTYn6FIg==" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow-77f7b87cb1583fc59aa8f94756ebfe913345937eb932042b4077563bebb5fb4b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/social/home-9e8218e1301001388038e3fc3427ed00d079a4760ff7745d1ec1b2d59103170a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/heading-b2b823dd904da60a48fd1bfa1defd840610c2ff414d3f39ed3af46277ab8df3b.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="author" content="angie morris" /> <meta name="description" content="Angie Morris, University of Sussex: 64 Followers, 22 Following, 2 Research papers. Research interests: Art History, Art Theory, and Contemporary Art." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'works'; var $action_name = "summary"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'd94ec2dec3755916737b352c28a3b5695c9eff99'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"113 million","monthly_visitor_count":113784677,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":113,"user_count":277511887,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732771896000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732771896000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-bdb9e8c097f01e611f2fc5e2f1a9dc599beede975e2ae5629983543a1726e947.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-bae13f9b51961d5f1e06008e39e31d0138cb31332e8c2e874c6d6a250ec2bb14.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-19a25d160d01bde427443d06cd6b810c4c92c6026e7cb31519e06313eb24ed90.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris" /> </head>   <body class='c-profiles/works a-summary logged_out'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/profile.wjs-bundle-e032f1d55548c2f2dee4eac9fe52f38beaf13471f2298bb2ea82725ae930b83c.js" defer="defer"></script><script>Aedu.rankings = { showPaperRankingsLink: false } $viewedUser = Aedu.User.set_viewed( {"id":6561493,"first_name":"Angie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morris","page_name":"AngieMorris","domain_name":"sussex","created_at":"2013-11-02T21:19:53.609-07:00","display_name":"Angie Morris","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6561493/7989985/8949621/s65_angie.morris.jpg_oh_b8991244a6fc38735e1ffa11e1fbedd8_oe_55b8dc73___gda___1437423135_6f99078667152ce71a264faed9b6037e","has_photo":true,"department":{"id":35813,"name":"Art History","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/Departments/Art_History/Documents","university":{"id":492,"name":"University of Sussex","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/"}},"position":"Graduate Student","position_id":3,"is_analytics_public":false,"interests":[{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History"},{"id":1386,"name":"Art Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory"},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"},{"id":82483,"name":"Francis Alys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francis_Alys"},{"id":233188,"name":"Renzo Martens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renzo_Martens"},{"id":34338,"name":"Marcel Duchamp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcel_Duchamp"},{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics"},{"id":157702,"name":"Participatory and Relational Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participatory_and_Relational_Arts"},{"id":82478,"name":"Alfredo Jaar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfredo_Jaar"}]} ); if ($a.is_logged_in() && $viewedUser.is_current_user()) { $('body').addClass('profile-viewed-by-owner'); } $socialProfiles = []</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris","location":"/AngieMorris","scheme":"https","host":"sussex.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/AngieMorris","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-385fe4cf-c662-4916-a822-ca20950bee44"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-385fe4cf-c662-4916-a822-ca20950bee44"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Angie Morris" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6561493/7989985/8949621/s200_angie.morris.jpg_oh_b8991244a6fc38735e1ffa11e1fbedd8_oe_55b8dc73___gda___1437423135_6f99078667152ce71a264faed9b6037e" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Angie Morris</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/">University of Sussex</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/Departments/Art_History/Documents">Art History</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Graduate Student</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Angie" data-follow-user-id="6561493" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="6561493"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">64</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">22</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;"><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>07941150937<br /><b>Address: </b>64 Surrenden Road<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6561493">View All (9)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6561493" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris","location":"/AngieMorris","scheme":"https","host":"sussex.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/AngieMorris","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Art History"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-cce1a243-dead-4a7a-999e-e9c16d44ca86"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-cce1a243-dead-4a7a-999e-e9c16d44ca86"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6561493" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Art Theory"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-9d5a69b2-f4aa-419d-bc2b-1b119b4907b8"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-9d5a69b2-f4aa-419d-bc2b-1b119b4907b8"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6561493" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Contemporary Art"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-bfb89a63-25be-4d6b-a404-d7f84fd805dc"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-bfb89a63-25be-4d6b-a404-d7f84fd805dc"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6561493" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francis_Alys"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Francis Alys"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-3226918d-f289-42f3-97c2-e09043b0fa0e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-3226918d-f289-42f3-97c2-e09043b0fa0e"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6561493" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renzo_Martens"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Renzo Martens"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-ffbf87b2-fba2-4dfd-a1fc-4e5e719312f6"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-ffbf87b2-fba2-4dfd-a1fc-4e5e719312f6"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Angie Morris</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30976224"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30976224/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The economy of images of poverty, through a ‘Duchampian lens’. Alfredo Jaar, The Sound of Silence and Renzo Martens, Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51409179/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30976224/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_">The economy of images of poverty, through a ‘Duchampian lens’. Alfredo Jaar, The Sound of Silence and Renzo Martens, Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by Renzo Martens; viewed as a Duchampian gesture.  It proposes that the photographers within both works might be viewed as commodities and that the art of Jaar and Martens might consequently be regarded as a readymade. In doing so it seeks to position The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty in an art historical context.<br /><br />Jaar and Martens have been coupled, as they both seemingly present a critique of globalisation. This is accentuated when exploring an economy of images of suffering; how the art is produced, consumed and then distributed, it is mirrored within this paper with the developing themes of self-referentiality, geo-political dislocation or globalisation and dissemination. Jaar and Martens both focus on economic disparity, but suffering, rather than being the subject, is something in which the photographers within the works and ultimately the viewers are implicated. In turn it is the photographers who become commodities, who travel and accrue value.<br /><br />This paper has taken, as a pivotal strand to its argument, the fact that everyday news coverage of suffering is representative of a Duchampian readymade; it is a mass-produced object. <br /><br />Existing scholarship of contemporary image culture to date has tended to focus on the theoretical framework of T. J. Demos who posits contemporary art in a documentary context or Julian Stallabrass who highlights the works as making a political statement.  Current research has tended to ignore any direct art historical reference. A critical analysis which couples The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty and brings into play a Duchampian methodology is thus far absent and one this dissertation intends to address. <br /><br />It is hoped that by considering the specifics from abstractions the bigger truth can perhaps be understood, by studying the micro the macro may be brought into focus.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57759f559ce1feb2897be2764ef4232d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51409179,"asset_id":30976224,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51409179/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30976224"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30976224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30976224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30976224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30976224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30976224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30976224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30976224, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "57759f559ce1feb2897be2764ef4232d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30976224]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30976224,"title":"The economy of images of poverty, through a ‘Duchampian lens’. Alfredo Jaar, The Sound of Silence and Renzo Martens, Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by Renzo Martens; viewed as a Duchampian gesture. It proposes that the photographers within both works might be viewed as commodities and that the art of Jaar and Martens might consequently be regarded as a readymade. In doing so it seeks to position The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty in an art historical context.\n\nJaar and Martens have been coupled, as they both seemingly present a critique of globalisation. This is accentuated when exploring an economy of images of suffering; how the art is produced, consumed and then distributed, it is mirrored within this paper with the developing themes of self-referentiality, geo-political dislocation or globalisation and dissemination. Jaar and Martens both focus on economic disparity, but suffering, rather than being the subject, is something in which the photographers within the works and ultimately the viewers are implicated. In turn it is the photographers who become commodities, who travel and accrue value.\n\nThis paper has taken, as a pivotal strand to its argument, the fact that everyday news coverage of suffering is representative of a Duchampian readymade; it is a mass-produced object. \n\nExisting scholarship of contemporary image culture to date has tended to focus on the theoretical framework of T. J. Demos who posits contemporary art in a documentary context or Julian Stallabrass who highlights the works as making a political statement. Current research has tended to ignore any direct art historical reference. A critical analysis which couples The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty and brings into play a Duchampian methodology is thus far absent and one this dissertation intends to address. \n\nIt is hoped that by considering the specifics from abstractions the bigger truth can perhaps be understood, by studying the micro the macro may be brought into focus."},"translated_abstract":"This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by Renzo Martens; viewed as a Duchampian gesture. It proposes that the photographers within both works might be viewed as commodities and that the art of Jaar and Martens might consequently be regarded as a readymade. In doing so it seeks to position The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty in an art historical context.\n\nJaar and Martens have been coupled, as they both seemingly present a critique of globalisation. This is accentuated when exploring an economy of images of suffering; how the art is produced, consumed and then distributed, it is mirrored within this paper with the developing themes of self-referentiality, geo-political dislocation or globalisation and dissemination. Jaar and Martens both focus on economic disparity, but suffering, rather than being the subject, is something in which the photographers within the works and ultimately the viewers are implicated. In turn it is the photographers who become commodities, who travel and accrue value.\n\nThis paper has taken, as a pivotal strand to its argument, the fact that everyday news coverage of suffering is representative of a Duchampian readymade; it is a mass-produced object. \n\nExisting scholarship of contemporary image culture to date has tended to focus on the theoretical framework of T. J. Demos who posits contemporary art in a documentary context or Julian Stallabrass who highlights the works as making a political statement. Current research has tended to ignore any direct art historical reference. A critical analysis which couples The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty and brings into play a Duchampian methodology is thus far absent and one this dissertation intends to address. \n\nIt is hoped that by considering the specifics from abstractions the bigger truth can perhaps be understood, by studying the micro the macro may be brought into focus.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30976224/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-01-18T06:05:43.573-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6561493,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51409179,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51409179/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51409179/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51409179/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc?1484748330=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=KWausAYfcFJ0xlKQGGzosNEN7x05x4ChUq57~cVJZtjRmvz7uyoudZQwla-K4M1zs9Bemuune7A3jBWwZwSPOwTZtKcvg-KGUhVfpBqblUAWIyX374Z0iqrAWKIQmB4hXZaJCsrDXG5Zh3usPOTha0yvsgBogkm7M7G2gr502nw2aLP2WV2hqiUZOU27-ZfDg46RlV3yZZ0atbwZvtGb5kJpu1uLOTuznVgyWdk6ijzyJ3HdxRAhuKnnaYnsY4qXKAe3SCjQ6KgPc3u-8BLPZVi5BxklCjhrGGmfauiJSL7wiaovUrYRGPj6W3r4D0vBuKDXn8X2ydiDm43~PDbK6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_","translated_slug":"","page_count":83,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6561493,"first_name":"Angie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morris","page_name":"AngieMorris","domain_name":"sussex","created_at":"2013-11-02T21:19:53.609-07:00","display_name":"Angie Morris","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris"},"attachments":[{"id":51409179,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51409179/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51409179/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51409179/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc?1484748330=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=KWausAYfcFJ0xlKQGGzosNEN7x05x4ChUq57~cVJZtjRmvz7uyoudZQwla-K4M1zs9Bemuune7A3jBWwZwSPOwTZtKcvg-KGUhVfpBqblUAWIyX374Z0iqrAWKIQmB4hXZaJCsrDXG5Zh3usPOTha0yvsgBogkm7M7G2gr502nw2aLP2WV2hqiUZOU27-ZfDg46RlV3yZZ0atbwZvtGb5kJpu1uLOTuznVgyWdk6ijzyJ3HdxRAhuKnnaYnsY4qXKAe3SCjQ6KgPc3u-8BLPZVi5BxklCjhrGGmfauiJSL7wiaovUrYRGPj6W3r4D0vBuKDXn8X2ydiDm43~PDbK6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography"},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty"},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"},{"id":4951,"name":"Surrealism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surrealism"},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development"},{"id":16767,"name":"Modernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernism"},{"id":23214,"name":"Documentary Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentary_Film"},{"id":34338,"name":"Marcel Duchamp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcel_Duchamp"},{"id":82478,"name":"Alfredo Jaar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfredo_Jaar"},{"id":87805,"name":"Newspapers and online journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newspapers_and_online_journalism"},{"id":92245,"name":"Film Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Making"},{"id":233188,"name":"Renzo Martens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renzo_Martens"},{"id":282785,"name":"Ready Made","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ready_Made"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14470597"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14470597/What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_monta%C3%B1as_Francis_Al%C3%BFs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What is the meaning of When Faith moves mountains (Cuando La fe mueve montañas)? Francis Alÿs, in collaboration with Cuauhtémoc Medina and Rafael Ortega." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38319024/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14470597/What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_monta%C3%B1as_Francis_Al%C3%BFs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega">What is the meaning of When Faith moves mountains (Cuando La fe mueve montañas)? Francis Alÿs, in collaboration with Cuauhtémoc Medina and Rafael Ortega.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="268d68061a81cab920db062808d020ca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38319024,"asset_id":14470597,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38319024/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14470597"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14470597"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14470597; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14470597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14470597]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14470597; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='14470597']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14470597, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "268d68061a81cab920db062808d020ca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14470597]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14470597,"title":"What is the meaning of When Faith moves mountains (Cuando La fe mueve montañas)? Francis Alÿs, in collaboration with Cuauhtémoc Medina and Rafael Ortega.","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14470597/What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_monta%C3%B1as_Francis_Al%C3%BFs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-28T13:27:37.024-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6561493,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38319024,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38319024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38319024/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38319024/When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc?1438115198=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=E~YTEoM~Vf23LqRZsQkp1tNxJOC7NY09pcTBLn0gdjje0Tv8F-FHtefC1yXC-I-HTrWQzWh1VLAL9M3JHQfIX3d1LxtVhFj2Zb6TFi5fo1Dq-BaPQV8gw0iegQb0GS2dDhr36~tqn8fNQQRRZTNehIE5utA30OAKANml1VNTuEL1MwfdBYYxhb~I8koq4gIiErun6gobYHF4VT8-ICmA5I2fy52HIDjZStQIJgbAv7t8aSQjksInlaZK8i~RUvk8EaBY9u1wCZrrYJu99MNSd5Cu~jq5OEUmMxTADSrRDP5466VoI6hgaXHhIrG3CfA36vjETJy~OMBxmCVYh5za9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_montañas_Francis_Alÿs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauhtémoc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6561493,"first_name":"Angie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morris","page_name":"AngieMorris","domain_name":"sussex","created_at":"2013-11-02T21:19:53.609-07:00","display_name":"Angie Morris","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris"},"attachments":[{"id":38319024,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38319024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38319024/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38319024/When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc?1438115198=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=E~YTEoM~Vf23LqRZsQkp1tNxJOC7NY09pcTBLn0gdjje0Tv8F-FHtefC1yXC-I-HTrWQzWh1VLAL9M3JHQfIX3d1LxtVhFj2Zb6TFi5fo1Dq-BaPQV8gw0iegQb0GS2dDhr36~tqn8fNQQRRZTNehIE5utA30OAKANml1VNTuEL1MwfdBYYxhb~I8koq4gIiErun6gobYHF4VT8-ICmA5I2fy52HIDjZStQIJgbAv7t8aSQjksInlaZK8i~RUvk8EaBY9u1wCZrrYJu99MNSd5Cu~jq5OEUmMxTADSrRDP5466VoI6hgaXHhIrG3CfA36vjETJy~OMBxmCVYh5za9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"},{"id":203871,"name":"Francis Alÿs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francis_Al%C3%BFs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="3297649" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="30976224"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/30976224/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The economy of images of poverty, through a ‘Duchampian lens’. Alfredo Jaar, The Sound of Silence and Renzo Martens, Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 " class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51409179/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/30976224/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_">The economy of images of poverty, through a ‘Duchampian lens’. Alfredo Jaar, The Sound of Silence and Renzo Martens, Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 </a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by Renzo Martens; viewed as a Duchampian gesture.  It proposes that the photographers within both works might be viewed as commodities and that the art of Jaar and Martens might consequently be regarded as a readymade. In doing so it seeks to position The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty in an art historical context.<br /><br />Jaar and Martens have been coupled, as they both seemingly present a critique of globalisation. This is accentuated when exploring an economy of images of suffering; how the art is produced, consumed and then distributed, it is mirrored within this paper with the developing themes of self-referentiality, geo-political dislocation or globalisation and dissemination. Jaar and Martens both focus on economic disparity, but suffering, rather than being the subject, is something in which the photographers within the works and ultimately the viewers are implicated. In turn it is the photographers who become commodities, who travel and accrue value.<br /><br />This paper has taken, as a pivotal strand to its argument, the fact that everyday news coverage of suffering is representative of a Duchampian readymade; it is a mass-produced object. <br /><br />Existing scholarship of contemporary image culture to date has tended to focus on the theoretical framework of T. J. Demos who posits contemporary art in a documentary context or Julian Stallabrass who highlights the works as making a political statement.  Current research has tended to ignore any direct art historical reference. A critical analysis which couples The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty and brings into play a Duchampian methodology is thus far absent and one this dissertation intends to address. <br /><br />It is hoped that by considering the specifics from abstractions the bigger truth can perhaps be understood, by studying the micro the macro may be brought into focus.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57759f559ce1feb2897be2764ef4232d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51409179,"asset_id":30976224,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51409179/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="30976224"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30976224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30976224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30976224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30976224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30976224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='30976224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30976224, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "57759f559ce1feb2897be2764ef4232d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=30976224]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":30976224,"title":"The economy of images of poverty, through a ‘Duchampian lens’. Alfredo Jaar, The Sound of Silence and Renzo Martens, Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 ","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by Renzo Martens; viewed as a Duchampian gesture. It proposes that the photographers within both works might be viewed as commodities and that the art of Jaar and Martens might consequently be regarded as a readymade. In doing so it seeks to position The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty in an art historical context.\n\nJaar and Martens have been coupled, as they both seemingly present a critique of globalisation. This is accentuated when exploring an economy of images of suffering; how the art is produced, consumed and then distributed, it is mirrored within this paper with the developing themes of self-referentiality, geo-political dislocation or globalisation and dissemination. Jaar and Martens both focus on economic disparity, but suffering, rather than being the subject, is something in which the photographers within the works and ultimately the viewers are implicated. In turn it is the photographers who become commodities, who travel and accrue value.\n\nThis paper has taken, as a pivotal strand to its argument, the fact that everyday news coverage of suffering is representative of a Duchampian readymade; it is a mass-produced object. \n\nExisting scholarship of contemporary image culture to date has tended to focus on the theoretical framework of T. J. Demos who posits contemporary art in a documentary context or Julian Stallabrass who highlights the works as making a political statement. Current research has tended to ignore any direct art historical reference. A critical analysis which couples The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty and brings into play a Duchampian methodology is thus far absent and one this dissertation intends to address. \n\nIt is hoped that by considering the specifics from abstractions the bigger truth can perhaps be understood, by studying the micro the macro may be brought into focus."},"translated_abstract":"This paper is a reading of The Sound of Silence by Alfredo Jaar and Enjoy Poverty, Episode 111 by Renzo Martens; viewed as a Duchampian gesture. It proposes that the photographers within both works might be viewed as commodities and that the art of Jaar and Martens might consequently be regarded as a readymade. In doing so it seeks to position The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty in an art historical context.\n\nJaar and Martens have been coupled, as they both seemingly present a critique of globalisation. This is accentuated when exploring an economy of images of suffering; how the art is produced, consumed and then distributed, it is mirrored within this paper with the developing themes of self-referentiality, geo-political dislocation or globalisation and dissemination. Jaar and Martens both focus on economic disparity, but suffering, rather than being the subject, is something in which the photographers within the works and ultimately the viewers are implicated. In turn it is the photographers who become commodities, who travel and accrue value.\n\nThis paper has taken, as a pivotal strand to its argument, the fact that everyday news coverage of suffering is representative of a Duchampian readymade; it is a mass-produced object. \n\nExisting scholarship of contemporary image culture to date has tended to focus on the theoretical framework of T. J. Demos who posits contemporary art in a documentary context or Julian Stallabrass who highlights the works as making a political statement. Current research has tended to ignore any direct art historical reference. A critical analysis which couples The Sound of Silence and Enjoy Poverty and brings into play a Duchampian methodology is thus far absent and one this dissertation intends to address. \n\nIt is hoped that by considering the specifics from abstractions the bigger truth can perhaps be understood, by studying the micro the macro may be brought into focus.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30976224/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-01-18T06:05:43.573-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6561493,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51409179,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51409179/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51409179/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51409179/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc?1484748330=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=KWausAYfcFJ0xlKQGGzosNEN7x05x4ChUq57~cVJZtjRmvz7uyoudZQwla-K4M1zs9Bemuune7A3jBWwZwSPOwTZtKcvg-KGUhVfpBqblUAWIyX374Z0iqrAWKIQmB4hXZaJCsrDXG5Zh3usPOTha0yvsgBogkm7M7G2gr502nw2aLP2WV2hqiUZOU27-ZfDg46RlV3yZZ0atbwZvtGb5kJpu1uLOTuznVgyWdk6ijzyJ3HdxRAhuKnnaYnsY4qXKAe3SCjQ6KgPc3u-8BLPZVi5BxklCjhrGGmfauiJSL7wiaovUrYRGPj6W3r4D0vBuKDXn8X2ydiDm43~PDbK6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through_a_Duchampian_lens_Alfredo_Jaar_The_Sound_of_Silence_and_Renzo_Martens_Enjoy_Poverty_Episode_111_","translated_slug":"","page_count":83,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6561493,"first_name":"Angie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morris","page_name":"AngieMorris","domain_name":"sussex","created_at":"2013-11-02T21:19:53.609-07:00","display_name":"Angie Morris","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris"},"attachments":[{"id":51409179,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51409179/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51409179/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/51409179/The_economy_of_images_of_poverty__through_a_Duchampian_lens.doc?1484748330=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_economy_of_images_of_poverty_through.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=KWausAYfcFJ0xlKQGGzosNEN7x05x4ChUq57~cVJZtjRmvz7uyoudZQwla-K4M1zs9Bemuune7A3jBWwZwSPOwTZtKcvg-KGUhVfpBqblUAWIyX374Z0iqrAWKIQmB4hXZaJCsrDXG5Zh3usPOTha0yvsgBogkm7M7G2gr502nw2aLP2WV2hqiUZOU27-ZfDg46RlV3yZZ0atbwZvtGb5kJpu1uLOTuznVgyWdk6ijzyJ3HdxRAhuKnnaYnsY4qXKAe3SCjQ6KgPc3u-8BLPZVi5BxklCjhrGGmfauiJSL7wiaovUrYRGPj6W3r4D0vBuKDXn8X2ydiDm43~PDbK6g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography"},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty"},{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"},{"id":4951,"name":"Surrealism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surrealism"},{"id":9688,"name":"Globalisation and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation_and_Development"},{"id":16767,"name":"Modernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernism"},{"id":23214,"name":"Documentary Film","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Documentary_Film"},{"id":34338,"name":"Marcel Duchamp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcel_Duchamp"},{"id":82478,"name":"Alfredo Jaar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfredo_Jaar"},{"id":87805,"name":"Newspapers and online journalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newspapers_and_online_journalism"},{"id":92245,"name":"Film Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Making"},{"id":233188,"name":"Renzo Martens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renzo_Martens"},{"id":282785,"name":"Ready Made","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ready_Made"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="14470597"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/14470597/What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_monta%C3%B1as_Francis_Al%C3%BFs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What is the meaning of When Faith moves mountains (Cuando La fe mueve montañas)? Francis Alÿs, in collaboration with Cuauhtémoc Medina and Rafael Ortega." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38319024/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/14470597/What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_monta%C3%B1as_Francis_Al%C3%BFs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega">What is the meaning of When Faith moves mountains (Cuando La fe mueve montañas)? Francis Alÿs, in collaboration with Cuauhtémoc Medina and Rafael Ortega.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="268d68061a81cab920db062808d020ca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":38319024,"asset_id":14470597,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38319024/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="14470597"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14470597"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14470597; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14470597]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14470597]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14470597; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='14470597']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14470597, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "268d68061a81cab920db062808d020ca" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=14470597]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":14470597,"title":"What is the meaning of When Faith moves mountains (Cuando La fe mueve montañas)? Francis Alÿs, in collaboration with Cuauhtémoc Medina and Rafael Ortega.","translated_title":"","metadata":{},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14470597/What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_monta%C3%B1as_Francis_Al%C3%BFs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauht%C3%A9moc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-07-28T13:27:37.024-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":6561493,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38319024,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38319024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38319024/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38319024/When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc?1438115198=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=E~YTEoM~Vf23LqRZsQkp1tNxJOC7NY09pcTBLn0gdjje0Tv8F-FHtefC1yXC-I-HTrWQzWh1VLAL9M3JHQfIX3d1LxtVhFj2Zb6TFi5fo1Dq-BaPQV8gw0iegQb0GS2dDhr36~tqn8fNQQRRZTNehIE5utA30OAKANml1VNTuEL1MwfdBYYxhb~I8koq4gIiErun6gobYHF4VT8-ICmA5I2fy52HIDjZStQIJgbAv7t8aSQjksInlaZK8i~RUvk8EaBY9u1wCZrrYJu99MNSd5Cu~jq5OEUmMxTADSrRDP5466VoI6hgaXHhIrG3CfA36vjETJy~OMBxmCVYh5za9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves_mountains_Cuando_La_fe_mueve_montañas_Francis_Alÿs_in_collaboration_with_Cuauhtémoc_Medina_and_Rafael_Ortega","translated_slug":"","page_count":26,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":6561493,"first_name":"Angie","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Morris","page_name":"AngieMorris","domain_name":"sussex","created_at":"2013-11-02T21:19:53.609-07:00","display_name":"Angie Morris","url":"https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris"},"attachments":[{"id":38319024,"title":"","file_type":"doc","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/38319024/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38319024/download_file?st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjc3MTg5Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"What_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/38319024/When_Faith_Moves_Mountains.doc?1438115198=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DWhat_is_the_meaning_of_When_Faith_moves.doc\u0026Expires=1732775496\u0026Signature=E~YTEoM~Vf23LqRZsQkp1tNxJOC7NY09pcTBLn0gdjje0Tv8F-FHtefC1yXC-I-HTrWQzWh1VLAL9M3JHQfIX3d1LxtVhFj2Zb6TFi5fo1Dq-BaPQV8gw0iegQb0GS2dDhr36~tqn8fNQQRRZTNehIE5utA30OAKANml1VNTuEL1MwfdBYYxhb~I8koq4gIiErun6gobYHF4VT8-ICmA5I2fy52HIDjZStQIJgbAv7t8aSQjksInlaZK8i~RUvk8EaBY9u1wCZrrYJu99MNSd5Cu~jq5OEUmMxTADSrRDP5466VoI6hgaXHhIrG3CfA36vjETJy~OMBxmCVYh5za9g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3051,"name":"Contemporary Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Art"},{"id":203871,"name":"Francis Alÿs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francis_Al%C3%BFs"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/google_contacts-0dfb882d836b94dbcb4a2d123d6933fc9533eda5be911641f20b4eb428429600.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $('.js-google-connect-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); GoogleContacts.authorize_and_show_contacts(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-button').click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); $.ajax({ url: $r.api_v0_profiles_update_about_path({ subdomain_param: 'api', about: "", }), type: 'PUT', success: function(response) { location.reload(); } }); }); $('.js-work-creator-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_document_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-video-upload-button').click(function (e) { e.preventDefault(); window.location = $r.upload_funnel_video_path({ source: encodeURIComponent(""), }); }); $('.js-do-this-later-button').click(function() { $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileImportContactsPrompt"); }); $('.js-update-biography-do-this-later-button').click(function(){ $(this).closest('.js-profile-nag-panel').remove(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("UpdateUserBiographyPrompt"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--close').click(function(){ $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--panel').hide(); Aedu.Dismissibles.recordDismissal("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); $('.wow-profile-mentions-upsell--button').click(function(){ Aedu.Dismissibles.recordClickthrough("WowProfileMentionsUpsell"); }); new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserWorks({ initialWorksOffset: 20, allWorksOffset: 20, maxSections: 1 }) }); </script> </div></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile_edit-5ea339ee107c863779f560dd7275595239fed73f1a13d279d2b599a28c0ecd33.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/add_coauthor-22174b608f9cb871d03443cafa7feac496fb50d7df2d66a53f5ee3c04ba67f53.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/tab-dcac0130902f0cc2d8cb403714dd47454f11fc6fb0e99ae6a0827b06613abc20.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb window.ae = window.ae || {}; window.ae.WowProfile = window.ae.WowProfile || {}; if(Aedu.User.current && Aedu.User.current.id === $viewedUser.id) { window.ae.WowProfile.current_user_edit = {}; new WowProfileEdit.EditUploadView({ el: '.js-edit-upload-button-wrapper', model: window.$current_user, }); new AddCoauthor.AddCoauthorsController(); } var userInfoView = new WowProfile.SocialRedesignUserInfo({ recaptcha_key: "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB" }); WowProfile.router = new WowProfile.Router({ userInfoView: userInfoView }); Backbone.history.start({ pushState: true, root: "/" + $viewedUser.page_name }); new WowProfile.UserWorksNav() }); </script> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "5f7154acac0b08d00b75e7fbc6e0cdb4842dd0e04dc26a59f7a24544d49d57f9", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="a6tuJGQtAiIHT8eeBTLqgUQD8G97CHD02N8du9ChDBpNA2SS9TbPeu4TNv6dsaGLD1/+9KJSpRrFXGAX6e/XLQ==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://sussex.academia.edu/AngieMorris" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="bJnRNW20vcOt59E8DBe7Eskfs/oDB6/sL8MQWvn1v9tKMduD/K9wm0S7IFyUlPAYgkO9YdpdegIyQG32wLtk7A==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>