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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/NHK_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="NHK (disambiguation)">NHK (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Broadcasting_System" title="Nippon Broadcasting System">Nippon Broadcasting System</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:日本放送協会">the corresponding article</a> in Japanese. (February 2024) Click [show] for important translation instructions.</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_Japanese#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand Japanese">adding a topic</a> to this template: there are already 1,316 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Japanese_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Japanese Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You must provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:日本放送協会]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ja|日本放送協会}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:NHK" title="Talk:NHK">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style>The Japan Broadcasting Corporation<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: 日本放送協会, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai), also known by its <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a> initialism NHK,<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> is a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcaster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-s67-5">[4]</a> It is a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">statutory corporation</a> funded by viewers' payments of a <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">television license fee</a>. <table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Japan Broadcasting Corporation</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK_logo_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/200px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/300px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/400px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="354"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg/220px-NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg/330px-NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg/440px-NHK_Broadcasting_Center_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1686"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/NHK_Broadcasting_Center" title="NHK Broadcasting Center">NHK Broadcasting Center</a> (headquarters)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_name" title="Trade name">Trade name</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">NHK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">日本放送協会</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanized</a> name</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Tokyo/Osaka/Nagoya Broadcasting Station (1925–1926) Broadcasting Corporation of Japan (English name 1926–1950)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Statutory_corporation" title="Statutory corporation">Statutory corporation</a> chartered under the Broadcasting Act of 1950</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">Broadcast</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> and <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">online</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data">Tokyo Broadcasting Station</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">August 6, 1926; 98 years ago (1926-08-06) (original incarnation) June 1, 1950; 74 years ago (1950-06-01) (current incarnation)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/NHK_Broadcasting_Center" title="NHK Broadcasting Center">NHK Broadcasting Center</a>, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Nobuo Inaba (president)</li><li>Tatsuhiko Inoue (executive vice president)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government of Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,333 (2019) <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212128?uselang=en#P1128" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>NHK Media Holdings</li> <li>Japan International Broadcasting</li> <li>NHK Publishing</li> <li>NHK Technologies</li> <li>NHK Culture Center</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp">nhk.or.jp</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> NHK operates two <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_television" title="Terrestrial television">terrestrial television</a> channels (<a href="/wiki/NHK_General_TV" title="NHK General TV">NHK General TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/NHK_Educational_TV" title="NHK Educational TV">NHK Educational TV</a>), three <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> channels (NHK BS; as well as two <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">ultra-high-definition television</a> channels, NHK BS Premium 4K and <a href="/wiki/NHK_BS8K" title="NHK BS8K">NHK BS8K</a>), and three radio networks (<a href="/wiki/NHK_Radio_1" title="NHK Radio 1">NHK Radio 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHK_Radio_2" title="NHK Radio 2">NHK Radio 2</a>, and <a href="/wiki/NHK_FM_Broadcast" title="NHK FM Broadcast">NHK FM</a>). NHK also provides an international broadcasting service, known as <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World-Japan</a>. NHK World-Japan is composed of <a href="/wiki/NHK_World_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK World TV">NHK World TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/NHK_World_Premium" title="NHK World Premium">NHK World Premium</a>, and the shortwave radio service <a href="/wiki/NHK_World#Radio_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK World">Radio Japan</a> (RJ). World Radio Japan also makes some of its programs available on the Internet. NHK was the first broadcaster in the world to broadcast in high-definition (using <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding</a>, also known as Hi-Vision) and in <a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">8K</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> In regards to NHK's relationship with Johnny & Associates, they have stated that NHK acknowledges that sexual abuse allegations related to Johnny & Associates had repeatedly been reported for many years, but NHK also stated that they lacked awareness of the issue at that time and chose not to follow up or cover the issue entirely. In addition, they stated that they failed in their role as a news media organization, and simply sat idle as many minors became sexual abuse victims. On 8 September, 2023, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">NHK</a>, said in a statement that they took the matter seriously, and that they would "work harder to ensure that human rights are more respected in the broadcasting industry" when it comes to using performers who best fit program content and production. The public broadcaster added that it did not fully acknowledge the sexual abuse matter despite various weekly magazine articles about the allegations and a <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_High_Court" title="Tokyo High Court">Tokyo High Court</a> ruling in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> A few weeks later, NHK announced that it would suspend new contracts with Johnny's performers–including for their annual <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmisoka" title="Ōmisoka">New Year's Eve</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_special" title="Television special">television special</a> <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhaku_Uta_Gassen" title="Kōhaku Uta Gassen">Kōhaku Uta Gassen</a>–until the company has implemented compensation and recurrence prevention measures.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> In February 2024, the company announced a strict policy of terminating the appearance of talents formerly affiliated with Johnny & Associates on its programs and not allowing them to appear on new programs after FY2024.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> In October 2024, NHK Chairman Nobuo Inaba announced at a regular press conference that, he had confirmed efforts of <a href="/wiki/Smile-Up" class="mw-redirect" title="Smile-Up">Smile-Up</a> to compensate victims and prevent recurrence and the separation of management from <a href="/wiki/Starto_Entertainment" title="Starto Entertainment">Starto Entertainment</a> is steadily progressing, and that requests to perform–including Kōhaku Uta Gassen for current Starto celebrities would resume. Commercial broadcasters had already announced on the resumption of new appointments to celebrities belonging to Starto.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Radio_broadcasting">1.1 Radio broadcasting</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Satellite_broadcasting">1.2 Satellite broadcasting</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Digital_television">1.3 Digital television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Studies_of_Broadcasting">1.4 Studies of Broadcasting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Organization">2 Organization</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Subsidiaries">2.1 Subsidiaries</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Former_subsidiaries">2.1.1 Former subsidiaries</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Services">3 Services</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Radio">3.1 Radio</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Television">3.2 Television</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#License_fee">4 License fee</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#TV_programming">5 TV programming</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#News">5.1 News</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Emergency_reporting">5.2 Emergency reporting</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Sports">5.3 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Music">5.4 Music</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Drama">5.5 Drama</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Children">5.6 Children</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Employee_and_internal_issues">6 Employee and internal issues</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Insider_trading_ban">6.1 Insider trading ban</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Overwork_death">6.2 Overwork death</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#On-air_issues">7 On-air issues</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Criticism_over_comments_about_Japanese_wartime_history">7.1 Criticism over comments about Japanese wartime history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Black_Lives_Matter_video">7.2 Black Lives Matter video</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Olympics_documentary_claims">7.3 Olympics documentary claims</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#COVID-19">7.4 COVID-19</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Logo_history">8 Logo history</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="#References">10 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Explanatory_notes">10.1 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Citations">10.2 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#General_sources">10.3 General sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> NHK's earliest forerunner was the Tokyo Broadcasting Station (東京放送局), founded in 1924 under the leadership of Count <a href="/wiki/Got%C5%8D_Shinpei" title="Gotō Shinpei">Gotō Shinpei</a>. Tokyo Broadcasting Station, along with separate organizations in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>, began radio broadcasts in 1925. The three stations merged under the first incarnation of NHK in August 1926.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> NHK was modelled on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>,<a href="#cite_note-s67-5">[4]</a> and the merger and reorganisation was carried out under the auspices of the pre-war <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Communications (Japan)">Ministry of Communications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> NHK's second radio network began in 1931, and the third radio network (FM) began in 1937. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Radio broadcasting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NHK began <a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">shortwave</a> broadcasting on an experimental basis in the 1930s, and began regular English- and Japanese-language shortwave broadcasts in 1935 under the name <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan#Radio_Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">Radio Japan</a>, initially aimed at ethnic Japanese listeners in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and the west coast of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. By the late 1930s, NHK's overseas broadcasts were known as Radio Tokyo, which became an official name in 1941.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In November 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> nationalised all public news agencies and coordinated their efforts via the Information Liaison Confidential Committee.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] All published and broadcast news reports became official announcements of the Imperial Army General Headquarters in Tokyo for the duration of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The famous <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Rose" title="Tokyo Rose">Tokyo Rose</a> wartime programs were broadcast by NHK.<a href="#cite_note-s67-5">[4]</a> NHK also recorded and broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Hirohito_surrender_broadcast" title="Hirohito surrender broadcast">Gyokuon-hōsō</a>, the surrender speech made by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>, in August 1945.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Following the war, in September 1945, the Allied occupation administration under General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> banned all international broadcasting by NHK, and repurposed several NHK facilities and frequencies for use by the <a href="/wiki/Far_East_Network" title="Far East Network">Far East Network</a> (now <a href="/wiki/American_Forces_Network" title="American Forces Network">American Forces Network</a>). Japanese-American radio broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Frank_Shozo_Baba" title="Frank Shozo Baba">Frank Shozo Baba</a> joined NHK during this time and led an early post-war revamp of its programming. Radio Japan resumed overseas broadcasts in 1952.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcasting_Act_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadcasting Act (Japan) (page does not exist)">Broadcasting Act</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="ja:放送法">ja</a>] was enacted in 1950, which made NHK a listener-supported independent corporation and simultaneously opened the market for <a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">commercial broadcasting</a> in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> NHK started <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> broadcasting in 1953, followed by its educational TV channel in 1959 and color television broadcasts in 1960. NHK opened the first stage of <a href="/wiki/NHK_Broadcasting_Center" title="NHK Broadcasting Center">its current headquarters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Japan's capital city</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Special_wards_of_Tokyo" title="Special wards of Tokyo">special ward</a> <a href="/wiki/Shibuya" title="Shibuya">Shibuya</a> as an international broadcasting center for the <a href="/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics" title="1964 Summer Olympics">1964 Summer Olympics</a>, the first widely televised Olympic Games. The complex was gradually expanded through 1973 when it became the headquarters for NHK. The previous headquarters adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Hibiya_Park" title="Hibiya Park">Hibiya Park</a> was redeveloped as the Hibiya City high-rise complex. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_broadcasting">Satellite broadcasting</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Satellite broadcasting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NHK began experimental satellite broadcasting with the NHK BS 1 channel in 1984, followed by NHK BS 2 in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> Both channels began regular broadcasts in 1989. In April 2011, BS 1 was rebranded while BS 2 channel ceased broadcasting and was replaced by "BS Premium" which broadcasts on the channel formerly used by BShi. International satellite broadcasts to North America and Europe began in 1995, which led to the launch of <a href="/wiki/NHK_World" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK World">NHK World</a> in 1998. It became <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">free-to-air</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Astra_19.2%C2%B0E" title="Astra 19.2°E">Astra 19.2°E</a> (<a href="/wiki/Astra_1L" title="Astra 1L">Astra 1L</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Eurobird" title="Eurobird">Eurobird</a> satellites in Europe in 2008. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digital_television">Digital television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Digital television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Digital_television_transition_in_Japan" title="Digital television transition in Japan">Digital television transition in Japan</a></div> NHK began <a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital television</a> broadcasting in December 2000 through BS Digital, followed by terrestrial digital TV broadcasts in three major metropolitan areas in 2003. NHK's digital television coverage gradually expanded to cover almost all of Japan by 24 July 2011, when analog transmissions were discontinued & ended (except in three prefectures that were heavily affected by the <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iwate_Prefecture" title="Iwate Prefecture">Iwate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miyagi_Prefecture" title="Miyagi Prefecture">Miyagi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_Prefecture" title="Fukushima Prefecture">Fukushima</a> – where it was discontinued on 31 March 2012). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies_of_Broadcasting">Studies of Broadcasting</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Studies of Broadcasting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="infobox-journal-search" style="display:none;"></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Studies of Broadcasting<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Studies+of+Broadcasting&rft.stitle=Stud.+Broadcast.&rft.issn=0585-7325&rft_id=info:oclcnum/474034025"></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines" title="Outline of academic disciplines">Discipline</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="text-align:left;">Broadcasting science</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Publication details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;">1963–1999</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Standard abbreviations <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marcinwrochna.github.io/abbrevIso/?search=Studies_of_Broadcasting">ISO 4</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/">alt</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals/Bluebook_journals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Bluebook journals">Bluebook</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://westerncriminology.org/publications/bluebook-abbreviations/">alt</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0585-7325%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=Studies+of+Broadcasting%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/msnhtml/serials.pdf">MathSciNet</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/search/journals.html?journalName=0585-7325&Submit=Search">alt</a> <noscript><img alt="Paid subscription required" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="947"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Paid subscription required" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> )</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">ISO 4</a></th><td class="infobox-data identifier" style="text-align:left;">Stud. Broadcast.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#dfc;">Indexing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=0585-7325">CODEN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=issns&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=">alt</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cassi.cas.org/searching.jsp?searchIn=titles&c=WIy460-R_DY&searchFor=NHK">alt2</a>) · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/journals/05857325">JSTOR</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/showJournals?browseType=title">alt</a>) · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=0585-7325&argType1=all&searchCode1=KNUM&searchType=2">LCCN</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/search?searchArg1=Studies+of+Broadcasting&argType1=all&searchCode1=KTIL&searchType=2">alt</a>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miar.ub.edu/issn/0585-7325">MIAR</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=0585-7325%5BISSN%5D">NLM</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=Studies+of+Broadcasting%5BJournal%5D">alt</a>) · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/sources?sortField=citescore&sortDirection=desc&isHiddenField=false&field=issn&issn=0585-7325">Scopus</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0585-7325">0585-7325</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> no.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/474034025">474034025</a></td></tr></tbody></table> From 1963 to 1999, NHK published the journal Studies of broadcasting: an international annual of broadcasting science.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> NHK is a dependent corporation chartered by the Japanese <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcasting_Act_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadcasting Act (Japan) (page does not exist)">Broadcasting Act</a> and primarily funded by license fees. NHK World broadcasting (for overseas viewers/listeners) is funded by the Japanese government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The annual budget of NHK is subject to review and approval by the <a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">Diet of Japan</a>. The Diet also appoints the twelve-member board of governors (経営委員会 keiei iinkai) that oversees NHK. NHK is managed on a full-time basis by an executive board (理事会, rijikai) consisting of a president, executive vice president and seven to ten managing directors who oversee the areas of NHK operations. The executive board reports to the board of governors. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsidiaries">Subsidiaries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Subsidiaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>NHK Enterprises, Inc. (NHKエンタープライズ, abbreviated NEP): Established on 1 April 2005.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></li> <li>NHK Educational Corporation (株式会社 NHKエデュケーショナル): Established on 30 May 1989.</li> <li>NHK ART, Inc. (株式会社NHKアート): Established on 10 July 1961.</li> <li>NHK Publishing, Inc. (NHK出版): Established on 1 April 1931.</li> <li>Japan International Broadcasting Inc. (株式会社日本国際放送)/JIB: Established on 4 April 2008.</li> <li>NHK International, Inc. (一般財団法人NHKインターナショナル): Established on 1 July 1980.</li> <li>NHK Global Media Services, Inc. (株式会社NHKグローバルメディアサービス): Established on 1 April 2009, by merging <a href="/w/index.php?title=NHK_Joho_Network,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NHK Joho Network, Inc. (page does not exist)">NHK Joho Network, Inc.</a> ((株)NHK情報ネットワーク) (established on 1 January 1989) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_Teletex_Co._Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan Teletex Co. Ltd. (page does not exist)">Japan Teletex Co. Ltd.</a> (日本文字放送) (established in 1985).<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></li> <li>NHK Cosmomedia America, Inc.: Created by merging <a href="/w/index.php?title=Japan_Network_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Japan Network Group (page does not exist)">Japan Network Group</a> (Media International Corporation) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=NHK_Enterprises_America,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NHK Enterprises America, Inc. (page does not exist)">NHK Enterprises America, Inc.</a> on 1 April 2010,<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> but its licence was granted on 12 November 2008.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> The company's logo was filed on 23 March 2010 and registered on 13 December 2011.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></li> <li>NHK Cosmomedia (Europe) Limited: Created by merging <a href="/wiki/JSTV" title="JSTV">JSTV</a> (company founded on 8 November 1989)<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> and NHK Enterprises Europe in April 2010.</li> <li>NHK Technologies, Inc. (株式会社NHKテクノロジーズ): Established on 1 April 2019, by merging NHK Integrated Technology Inc. (株式会社NHKアイテック) and NHK Media Technology, Inc. (株式会社NHKメディアテクノロジー).<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></li> <li>Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation (株式会社放送衛星システム)/B-SAT: Established on 13 April 1993.</li> <li>NHK Engineering System, Inc. (一般財団法人NHKエンジニアリングシステム): Established on 22 December 1981.</li> <li>NHK GAKUEN (学校法人 NHK学園): Established in 1962-10-01 (学校法人日本放送協会学園). It was renamed to its current name on 1 April 2018.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NHK Symphony Orchestra">NHK Symphony Orchestra</a>, Tokyo (公益財団法人 NHK交響楽団): Established on 27 April 1942, as Japan Symphony Orchestra (財団法人日本交響楽団). On 1 August 1951, it was renamed to NHK Symphony Orchestra (財団法人NHK交響楽団). It became a public interest-incorporated foundation and was renamed to its current name on 1 April 2010.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></li> <li>NHK Public Welfare Organization/NHK HEARTS (社会福祉法人NHK厚生文化事業団): Established on 31 August 1960.</li> <li>NHK Promotions Inc. (株式会社NHKプロモーション)/(株式会社エヌエイチケイプロモーション): Established on 1 October 1977, as NHK Promote Service Inc. (株式会社NHKプロモートサービス). It was renamed to its current name in October 1989.</li> <li>NHK CULTURE CENTER (株式会社エヌエイチケイ文化センター)/(NHKカルチャー): Established on 1 December 1978.</li> <li>NHK SERVICE CENTER, INC. (一般財団法人 NHK サービスセンター): Established on 28 February 1951.</li> <li>NHK BUSINESS SERVICES INC. (NHK営業サービス株式会社): Established on 17 January 1990.</li> <li>BS Conditional Access Systems Co., Ltd. (株式会社ビーエス・コンディショナルアクセスシステムズ)/<a href="/wiki/B-CAS" title="B-CAS">B-CAS</a> (ビーキャス): Established on 22 February 2000.</li> <li>NHK Business Create Inc. (株式会社 NHKビジネスクリエイト): Established on 1 April 2009, by merger (株式会社NHKオフィス企画), (株式会社NHK共同サービス).<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></li> <li>NHK-Communications Training Institute (一般財団法人NHK放送研修センター): Established on 8 August 1985.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_subsidiaries">Former subsidiaries</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Former subsidiaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>NHK Integrated Technology Inc. (株式会社NHKアイテック): Established on 23 July 1969, as NHK Integrated Technology Inc. (全日本テレビサービス株式会社). It was merged into NHK Technologies, Inc. on 1 April 2019.</li> <li>NHK Media Technology, Inc. (株式会社NHKメディアテクノロジー): Established in April 2008 by merging NHK Technical Service (株式会社NHKテクニカルサービス) (established 9 October 1984) and NHK Computer Service (株式会社NHKコンピューターサービス). It was merged into NHK Technologies, Inc. on 1 April 2019.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Services">Services</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Services" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> It maintains three radio stations available nationwide: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Radio_1" title="NHK Radio 1">NHK Radio 1</a> – Organized mainly on news, information, drama, and entertainment programs. Simultaneous broadcasting with <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> and <a href="/wiki/LRA_Radio_Nacional" title="LRA Radio Nacional">LRA Radio Nacional</a> is also conducted (24-hour broadcast).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Radio_2" title="NHK Radio 2">NHK Radio 2</a> – Organized mainly on educational and liberal arts programs. Weather forecasts, stock market conditions, news in foreign languages, etc. are also broadcast (broadcast from 6:00 a.m. to late at night. Broadcast end times vary by day).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_FM_Broadcast" title="NHK FM Broadcast">NHK-FM Broadcasting</a> – Organizes various music programs, but mainly classical music. Simultaneous broadcasting with Radio 1 is also conducted (24-hour broadcasting).</li></ul> All of them can also be tuned through the Internet, within the national territory. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> It manages two open signal channels through digital terrestrial television. Since Japan has a television network system, it schedules territorial disconnections in each of its centers. However, the NHK brand is common for the whole country. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHK_General_TV" title="NHK General TV">NHK General TV</a> (NHK-G) – Pioneer of television in Japan, it began its broadcasts on 1 February 1953. Its offer is general and public service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Educational_TV" title="NHK Educational TV">NHK Educational TV</a> (NHK-E) – Educational and cultural channel, designed especially for children. It has been broadcasting since 10 January 1959.</li></ul> All of them can also be tuned through the Internet, within the national territory. It also has one exclusive satellite channel, as well as two in ultra-high definition. <ul><li>NHK BS (previously as NHK BS 1 and NHK BS Premium) – Specialized in information, international documentaries, sports broadcasts, cultural and entertainment programming. It was founded on 12 May 1984. Renamed as NHK BS on 1 December 2023.</li> <li>NHK BS Premium 4K (previously as NHK BS Premium and NHK BS4K) – Cultural and entertainment programming in 4K. It was founded on 1 April 2011 and relaunched on 1 December 2023 (merger with NHK BS4K).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_BS8K" title="NHK BS8K">NHK BS8K</a> – 8K programming, launched on 1 December 2018.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="License_fee">License fee</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: License fee" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> NHK is funded by reception fees (受信料, jushinryō), a system analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Television_licence" title="Television licence">license fee</a> used in some English-speaking countries. The Broadcasting Act which governs NHK's funding stipulates anyone with equipment able to receive NHK must pay. The fee is standardized,<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> with discounts for office workers and students who commute, as well a discount for residents of <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawa prefecture">Okinawa prefecture</a>. For viewers making annual payments by credit card with no special discounts, the reception fee is 13,600 yen per year for terrestrial reception only, and 24,090 yen per year for both terrestrial and broadcast satellite reception.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> However, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcasting_Act_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadcasting Act (Japan) (page does not exist)">Broadcasting Act</a> specifies no punitive actions for nonpayment; as a result, after a rash of NHK-related <a href="/wiki/Scandal" title="Scandal">scandals</a> including an <a href="/wiki/Accounting_scandals" title="Accounting scandals">accounting one</a>, the number of people who had not paid the license fee surpassed one million watchers. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This incident sparked debate over the fairness of the fee system.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> In 2006, the NHK opted to take <a href="/wiki/Legal_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal action">legal action</a> against those most flagrantly in violation of the law.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> This fee and how it is charged is unpopular with some citizens. This led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/NHK_Party" title="NHK Party">NHK Party</a> (NHK党, NHK tō),<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> also known as N-Koku (N国),<a href="#cite_note-:0-34">[33]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Single-issue_political_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-issue political party">single-issue political party</a>, which has protested this fee with representatives in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Councillors (Japan)">upper house</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="TV_programming">TV programming</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: TV programming" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_broadcast_by_NHK" title="List of anime broadcast by NHK">List of anime broadcast by NHK</a></div> NHK broadcasts a variety of programming. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News">News</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: News" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NHK offers local, national, and world news reports. <a href="/wiki/NHK_News_7" title="NHK News 7">NHK News 7</a> airs daily and is broadcast bilingually with both Japanese and English audio tracks on NHK General TV and NHK's international channels TV Japan and <a href="/wiki/NHK_World_Premium" title="NHK World Premium">NHK World Premium</a>. The flagship news program <a href="/wiki/News_Watch_9" title="News Watch 9">News Watch 9</a> is also bilingual and airs on NHK General TV and the international channels and NHK World Premium. World News, a program which airs bulletins from international broadcasters interpreted in Japanese, is aired on NHK BS1 with Catch! Sekai no Top News in the morning and International News Report at night, with the latter also airing on NHK World Premium. News on NHK BS1 is aired at 50 minutes past the hour except during live sports events. NHK also offers news for the deaf (which airs on NHK Educational TV), regional news (which airs on NHK General TV) and children's news. <a href="/wiki/NHK_Newsline" title="NHK Newsline">Newsline</a> is an English-language newscast designed for foreign viewers and airs on <a href="/wiki/NHK_World-Japan" title="NHK World-Japan">NHK World</a>. In his book Broadcasting Politics in Japan: NHK and Television News, Ellis S. Krauss states: 'In the 1960s and 1970s, external critics of NHK news were complaining about the strict neutrality, the lack of criticism of the government, and the 'self-regulation in covering events'. Krauss claims that little had changed by the 1980s and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima nuclear disaster">Fukushima nuclear disaster</a> in 2011, NHK was criticised for underplaying the dangers from <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_contamination" title="Radioactive contamination">radioactive contamination</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_reporting">Emergency reporting</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Emergency reporting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Under the Broadcasting Act, NHK is under the obligation to broadcast early warning emergency reporting in times of natural disasters such as earthquakes and <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a>. Their national network of seismometers in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency" title="Japan Meteorological Agency">Japan Meteorological Agency</a> makes NHK capable of delivering <a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Early_Warning_(Japan)" title="Earthquake Early Warning (Japan)">earthquake early warnings</a> seconds after detection, as well as a more detailed report with <a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency_seismic_intensity_scale" title="Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale">Shindo</a> intensity measurements within two-to-three minutes after the quake. They also broadcast air attack warnings in the event of war, using the <a href="/wiki/J-Alert" title="J-Alert">J-Alert</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> All warnings are broadcast in Japanese, with tsunami warnings also delivered in four foreign languages: English, Mandarin Chinese, Korean and Portuguese (Japan has small <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Japan" title="Chinese people in Japan">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">Korean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazilians_in_Japan" title="Brazilians in Japan">Brazilian</a> populations). The warnings were broadcast in these languages during the <a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NHK broadcasts <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> games, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">soccer</a> games, and a range of other sports. Their broadcast of the last two days of October 1952's autumn <a href="/wiki/Honbasho" title="Honbasho">sumo tournament</a> became the first ever televised sports broadcast in Japan.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Music" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The <a href="/wiki/NHK_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NHK Symphony Orchestra">NHK Symphony Orchestra</a>, financially sponsored by NHK, was formerly (until 1951) the Japanese Symphony Orchestra. Its website details the orchestra's history and ongoing concert programme.<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Since 1953, NHK has broadcast the <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhaku_Uta_Gassen" title="Kōhaku Uta Gassen">Kōhaku Uta Gassen</a> song contest on New Year's Eve, ending shortly before midnight in <a href="/wiki/PIX_System" title="PIX System">PIX System</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Drama" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A <a href="/wiki/Asadora" title="Asadora">sentimental morning show</a>, a weekly <a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">jidaigeki</a> and a year-long show, the <a href="/wiki/Taiga_drama" title="Taiga drama">Taiga drama</a>, spearhead the network's fiction offerings. NHK is also making efforts at broadcasting dramas made in foreign countries as overseas drama (海外ドラマ, Kaigai Dorama). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Children" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The longest running children's show in Japan, <a href="/wiki/Okaasan_to_Issho" title="Okaasan to Issho">Okaasan to Issho</a> (おかあさんといっしょ, With Mother), started broadcasting in 1959<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> and still airs to this day Monday to Friday at 17:36–18:00 <a href="/wiki/Japan_Standard_Time" title="Japan Standard Time">JST</a>, Sunday at 17:30–17:54 JST, with rebroadcasts Tuesday to Sunday at 5:00–5:24 JST on NHK World Premium.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Employee_and_internal_issues">Employee and internal issues</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Employee and internal issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insider_trading_ban">Insider trading ban</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Insider trading ban" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 2007, three employees of NHK were fined and fired for <a href="/wiki/Insider_trading" title="Insider trading">insider trading</a>. They had profited by trading shares based on exclusive NHK knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-JapanCorp-42">[41]</a> On 11 July 2008, NHK introduced a ban prohibiting stock trading by employees, numbering around 5,700, who had access to its internal news information management system. The employees were required to pledge in writing that they would not trade in stocks, and were required to gain approval from senior staff to sell shares they already held. NHK banned short-term stock trading completed in periods of six months or less for all other employees.<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes-43">[42]</a> The ban did not extend to employees' families, nor did NHK request any reports on their transactions.<a href="#cite_note-JapanCorp-42">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overwork_death">Overwork death</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Overwork death" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 24 July 2013, a reporter at NHK Metropolitan Broadcasting Center died of <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a>. In May 2014, the Shibuya Labor Standards Inspection Office of the Tokyo Labor Bureau certified it as a <a href="/wiki/Kar%C5%8Dshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karōshi">karōshi</a> (overwork death). Although NHK did not report on this matter, it was announced in October 2017. Ryōichi Ueda, the chairman of NHK, visited the reporter's parents' home and apologized to them.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="On-air_issues">On-air issues</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: On-air issues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism_over_comments_about_Japanese_wartime_history">Criticism over comments about Japanese wartime history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Criticism over comments about Japanese wartime history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> NHK has occasionally faced various criticisms for its treatment of Japan's wartime history.<a href="#cite_note-JPRI-48">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Katsuto_Momii" title="Katsuto Momii">Katsuto Momii</a> (籾井勝人), the 21st Director-General of NHK, caused controversy<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> by discussing Japan's actions in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> at his first press conference after being appointed on 20 December 2013. It was reported that Momii said NHK should support the Japanese government in its territorial dispute with China and South Korea.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> He also caused controversy by what some describe as the playing down of the <a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">comfort women</a> issue in World War II, according to the Taipei Times, stating, "[South] Korea's statements that Japan is the only nation that forced this are puzzling. 'Give us money, compensate us', they say, but since all of this was resolved by the Japan–Korea peace treaty, why are they reviving this issue? It's strange."<a href="#cite_note-Taipei_Times-52">[51]</a> It was subsequently reported by <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a> that on his first day at NHK Momii asked members of the executive team to hand in their resignation on the grounds they had all been appointed by his predecessor.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> A number of civil society groups protested against Momii's continued tenure as Director-General of NHK.<a href="#cite_note-:1-54">[53]</a> On 27 January 2014,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> the Viewers' Community to Observe and Encourage NHK (NHKを監視・激励する視聴者コミュニティ) issued a public letter calling for Momii's resignation on the grounds that the remarks he made at his inaugural press conference were explosive. The letter stated that if Momii did not resign by the end of April, its members would freeze their licence fee payments for half a year.<a href="#cite_note-:1-54">[53]</a> While Momii did not resign, he was not reappointed and retired after serving only one term of three years.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> On 17 October 2014, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> claimed to have received internal NHK documents which banned any reference to the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a>, to Japan's use of wartime sex slaves during World War II, and to its territorial dispute with China in its English-language broadcasting.<a href="#cite_note-TimesUK-57">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_Lives_Matter_video">Black Lives Matter video</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Black Lives Matter video" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 10 June 2020, NHK apologized and took down an 80-second video about the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> that was criticized for its "crude" animation of protesters and its focus on economic inequality rather than police brutality.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> An official statement signed by Yuichi Tabata, head of NHK's International News Division, was released through NHK's official website.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olympics_documentary_claims">Olympics documentary claims</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Olympics documentary claims" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 9 January 2022, NHK issued an apology over false allegations made in Director <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Kawase" title="Naomi Kawase">Naomi Kawase</a>'s Tokyo Olympics documentary. Kawase was selected by the <a href="/wiki/IOC" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC">IOC</a> in 2018 to cover Japanese reactions to the event and later during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Footage and captions in the documentary alleged that protesters were being paid money to attend anti-Olympics rallies. One of the men interviewed later stated he was "unsure" if he had actually attended any anti-Olympics rallies. NHK Osaka cited "editorial oversights" and "deficiencies in research", issuing an apology. Some anti-Olympic activists demanded that the documentary should be removed. Some activists were concerned that the misinformation was spread by NHK to silence those who opposed the Tokyo Olympics during the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> NHK denied that the footage was deliberately fabricated to mislead the public.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> On 13 January 2022, the NHK Osaka director <a href="/wiki/Terunobu_Maeda" title="Terunobu Maeda">Terunobu Maeda</a> apologized during a press conference, admitting that the captions "should not have been included". Once again, he denied that the incident was a fabrication.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="COVID-19">COVID-19</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: COVID-19" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In December 2023, Japan's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadcasting_Ethics_and_Program_Improvement_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadcasting Ethics and Program Improvement Organization (page does not exist)">Broadcasting Ethics and Program Improvement Organization</a> (BPO) concluded that NHK had breached broadcasting ethics in its "News Watch 9" program, where people believed to have died from <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_injury" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccine injury">vaccine injury</a> were treated as if they had died from COVID-19. Regarding the incident as an inappropriate way of reporting, NHK stated that it would take measures to avoid the repetition of the misconduct.<a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Logo_history">Logo history</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Logo history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1926–1962"><noscript><img alt="1926–1962" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/NHK.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="136" data-file-height="113"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 145px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/NHK.png" data-alt="1926–1962" data-width="145" data-height="120" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1926–1962</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK_logo_(pre-1995).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1962–1995"><noscript><img alt="1962–1995" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg/180px-NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="106"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg/180px-NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg.png" data-alt="1962–1995" data-width="180" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg/270px-NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg/360px-NHK_logo_%28pre-1995%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1962–1995</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1995–2020 (original)"><noscript><img alt="1995–2020 (original)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo.svg/180px-NHK_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="191"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 67px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo.svg/180px-NHK_logo.svg.png" data-alt="1995–2020 (original)" data-width="180" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo.svg/270px-NHK_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo.svg/360px-NHK_logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1995–2020 (original)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK_Logo_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1995–2020 (alternate)"><noscript><img alt="1995–2020 (alternate)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NHK_Logo_2.svg/180px-NHK_Logo_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="67" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="98"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 67px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NHK_Logo_2.svg/180px-NHK_Logo_2.svg.png" data-alt="1995–2020 (alternate)" data-width="180" data-height="67" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NHK_Logo_2.svg/270px-NHK_Logo_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/NHK_Logo_2.svg/360px-NHK_Logo_2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1995–2020 (alternate)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NHK_logo_2020.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2020–present (original)"><noscript><img alt="2020–present (original)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/180px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="52" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1230" data-file-height="354"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 52px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/180px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png" data-alt="2020–present (original)" data-width="180" data-height="52" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/270px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NHK_logo_2020.svg/360px-NHK_logo_2020.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2020–present (original)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_NHK.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2020–present (alternate)"><noscript><img alt="2020–present (alternate)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_NHK.svg/180px-Flag_of_NHK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_NHK.svg/180px-Flag_of_NHK.svg.png" data-alt="2020–present (alternate)" data-width="180" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_NHK.svg/270px-Flag_of_NHK.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_NHK.svg/360px-Flag_of_NHK.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">2020–present (alternate)</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domo_(NHK)" title="Domo (NHK)">Domo</a>, the mascot of the NHK since 1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobankyo" title="Hobankyo">Hobankyo</a> – Organization based in Japan that enforces Fuji Television copyright issues</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Prize_Contest_(NHK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Prize Contest (NHK)">Japan Prize Contest (NHK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese television programs">Japanese television programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Japan">Media of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Science_%26_Technology_Research_Laboratories" title="NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories">NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_Spring_Company" title="NHK Spring Company">NHK Spring Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Tachibana" title="Takashi Tachibana">Takashi Tachibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_%26_Associates" title="Johnny & Associates">Johnny & Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Japan" title="Television in Japan">Television in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Japan" title="TV Japan">TV Japan</a> – a former mixed Japanese/English-language cable network partially owned by NHK airing in the United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Pronounced in Japanese as Enueichikei (エヌエイチケイ) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/pr/keiei/gyoumu/h17/pdf/gyoumu.pdf">"日本放送協会平成17年度業務報告書]"</a> [NHK Business Report 2005] (PDF). p. 42. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114230652/https://www.nhk.or.jp/pr/keiei/gyoumu/h17/pdf/gyoumu.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2006.</cite><span 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NHK. 24 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhk.or.jp/program/sekaima/sekainoima0607.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=6%E6%9C%887%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AE%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8F%E3%81%B3&rft.pub=NHK&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhk.or.jp%2Fprogram%2Fsekaima%2Fsekainoima0607.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANHK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.jp/en/japan/article_63238/">"NHK apologizes after airing report on the official film of Tokyo Olympics"</a>. Arab News Japan. 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NHK+apologizes+after+airing+report+on+the+official+film+of+Tokyo+Olympics&rft.pub=Arab+News+Japan&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.jp%2Fen%2Fjapan%2Farticle_63238%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANHK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/articles/20220109/k00/00m/040/127000c">"NHKの河瀬直美さんの五輪番組、字幕に不確かな内容 21年放送"</a>. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mainichi+Shimbun&rft.atitle=NHK%E3%81%AE%E6%B2%B3%E7%80%AC%E7%9B%B4%E7%BE%8E%E3%81%95%E3%82%93%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%94%E8%BC%AA%E7%95%AA%E7%B5%84%E3%80%81%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95%E3%81%AB%E4%B8%8D%E7%A2%BA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9+21%E5%B9%B4%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81&rft.date=2022-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Farticles%2F20220109%2Fk00%2F00m%2F040%2F127000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANHK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ196WCCQ19PTFC004.html">"NHK、事実確認せず不適切字幕「金もらって」「五輪反対デモ参加」"</a>. The Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Asahi+Shimbun&rft.atitle=NHK%E3%80%81%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%9F%E7%A2%BA%E8%AA%8D%E3%81%9B%E3%81%9A%E4%B8%8D%E9%81%A9%E5%88%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95%E3%80%8C%E9%87%91%E3%82%82%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%80%8D%E3%80%8C%E4%BA%94%E8%BC%AA%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%BE%E3%83%87%E3%83%A2%E5%8F%82%E5%8A%A0%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2022-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asahi.com%2Farticles%2FASQ196WCCQ19PTFC004.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANHK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mainichi.jp/articles/20220113/k00/00m/040/149000c">"NHK字幕問題大阪放送局長陳謝「入れるべきではなかった」"</a>. Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 13 January 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mainichi+Shimbun&rft.atitle=NHK%E5%AD%97%E5%B9%95%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C+%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%B1%80%E9%95%B7%E9%99%B3%E8%AC%9D%E3%80%8C%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%81%B9%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%9F%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2022-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmainichi.jp%2Farticles%2F20220113%2Fk00%2F00m%2F040%2F149000c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANHK" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/12/06/japan/media/nhk-program-broadcasting-ethics-breach/">"NHK found to have breached ethics with COVID vaccine news segment"</a>. The Japan Times. Jiji Press. 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=NHK+found+to+have+breached+ethics+with+COVID+vaccine+news+segment&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2023%2F12%2F06%2Fjapan%2Fmedia%2Fnhk-program-broadcasting-ethics-breach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANHK" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: General sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Johnston, Eric (7 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/07/07/reference/nhk-a-fount-of-info-a-lot-of-it-from-the-government/">"NHK a fount of info, a lot of it from the government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a>, p. 3.</li> <li>Seidensticker, Edward (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5wsOAQAAMAAJ">Tokyo Rising: The City Since the Great Earthquake</a>. New York: Knopf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-54360-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-54360-2">0-394-54360-2</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NHK&oldid=1258331098">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=NHK&oldid=1258331098</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=NHK&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 19 November 2024, at 03:20 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هيئة الإذاعة اليابانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيئة الإذاعة اليابانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87" title="এনএইচকে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এনএইচকে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%CC%8Dt-p%C3%BAn_H%C3%B2ng-s%C3%A0ng_Hia%CC%8Dp-h%C5%8De" title="Ji̍t-pún Hòng-sàng Hia̍p-hōe – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ji̍t-pún Hòng-sàng Hia̍p-hōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_H%C5%8Ds%C5%8D_Ky%C5%8Dkai" title="Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ان‌اچ‌کی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ان‌اچ‌کی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1%ED%98%91%ED%9A%8C" title="일본방송협회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본방송협회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87" title="एनएचके – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एनएचके" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84" title="ເອັນເອຊເຄ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເອັນເອຊເຄ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျပန် ရုပ်သံလွှင့် ကော်ပိုရေးရှင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျပန် ရုပ်သံလွှင့် ကော်ပိုရေးရှင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Hoso_Kyokai" title="Nippon Hoso Kyokai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nippon Hoso Kyokai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A" title="日本放送協会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="日本放送協会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK_(kringkaster)" title="NHK (kringkaster) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="NHK (kringkaster)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9A" title="එන්එච්කේ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එන්එච්කේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%86_%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C" title="ئێن ئێچ کەی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێن ئێچ کەی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84" title="เอ็นเอชเค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอ็นเอชเค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHK" title="NHK – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="NHK" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="日本放送協會 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="日本放送協會" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="日本广播协会 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="日本广播协会" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="日本放送協會 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本放送協會" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="日本广播协会 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本广播协会" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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