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Although many research projects have focused on the problem of Arabic morphological analysis using different techniques and approaches, very few have addressed the issue of generation of fully inflected words for the purpose of text authoring. Available open-source spell checking resources for Arabic are too small and inadequate. Ayaspell, for example, the official resource used with OpenOffice applications, contains only 300,000 fully inflected words. We try to bridge this critical gap by creating an adequate, open-source and large-coverage word list for Arabic containing 9,000,000 fully inflected surface words. Furthermore, from a large list of valid forms and invalid forms we create a character-based tri-gram language model to approximate knowledge about permissible character clusters in Arabic, creating a novel method for detecting spelling errors. Testing of this language model gives a precision of 98.2% at a recall of 100%. We take our research a step further by creating a context-independent spelling correction tool using a finite-state automaton that measures the edit distance between input words and candidate corrections, the Noisy Channel Model, and knowledge-based rules. Our system performs significantly better than Hunspell in choosing the best solution, but it is still below the MS Spell Checker.","publication_date":"2012,,","publication_name":"The international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"37786900"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Arabic Word Generation and Modelling for Spell Checking","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [30994194]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Arabic Word Generation and Modelling for Spell Checking</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30994194" href="https://buid.academia.edu/KShaalan"><img alt="Profile image of Khaled Shaalan" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/30994194/10626268/35155960/s65_prof_khaled.shaalan.jpg" />Khaled Shaalan</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2012, The international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="12498175" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12498175/Arabic_Spelling_Error_Detection_and_Correction">Arabic Spelling Error Detection and Correction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30994194" href="https://buid.academia.edu/KShaalan">Khaled Shaalan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Arabic Spelling Error Detection and Correction, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Arabic Spelling Error Detection and Correction","attachmentId":37693893,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12498175/Arabic_Spelling_Error_Detection_and_Correction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12498175/Arabic_Spelling_Error_Detection_and_Correction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="12636660" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12636660/Towards_Automatic_Spell_Checking_for_Arabic">Towards Automatic Spell Checking for Arabic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31665336" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AminAllam">Amin Allam</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30994194" href="https://buid.academia.edu/KShaalan">Khaled Shaalan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The 4th Conference on Language Engineering, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards Automatic Spell Checking for 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href="https://www.academia.edu/10342781/For_an_Independent_Spell_Checking_System_from_the_Arabic_Language_Vocabulary">For an Independent Spell-Checking System from the Arabic Language Vocabulary</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25364955" href="https://independent.academia.edu/bakkalihamza">hamza bakkali</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"For an Independent Spell-Checking System from the Arabic Language Vocabulary","attachmentId":36407408,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10342781/For_an_Independent_Spell_Checking_System_from_the_Arabic_Language_Vocabulary","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10342781/For_an_Independent_Spell_Checking_System_from_the_Arabic_Language_Vocabulary"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="108065036" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108065036/Arabic_spellchecking_a_depth_filtered_composition_metric_to_achieve_fully_automatic_correction">Arabic spellchecking: a depth-filtered composition metric to achieve fully automatic correction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="163474776" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalIJECE">International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Digital environments for human learning have evolved a lot in recent years thanks to incredible advances in information technologies. Computer assistance for text creation and editing tools represent a future market in which natural language processing (NLP) concepts will be used. This is particularly the case of the automatic correction of spelling mistakes used daily by data operators. Unfortunately, these spellcheckers are considered writing aids tools, they are unable to perform this task automatically without user's assistance. In this paper, we suggest a filtered composition metric based on the weighting of two lexical similarity distances in order to reach the auto-correction. The approach developed in this article requires the use of two phases: the first phase of correction involves combining two well-known distances: the edit distance weighted by relative weights of the proximity of the Arabic keyboard and the calligraphical similarity between Arabic alphabet, and combine this measure with the Jaro-Winkler distance to better weight, filter solutions having the same metric. The second phase is considered as a booster of the first phase, this use the probabilistic bigram language model after the recognition of the solutions of error, which may have the same lexical similarity measure in the first correction phase. The evaluation of the experimental results obtained from the test performed by our filtered composition measure on a dataset of errors allowed us to achieve a 96% of auto-correction rate. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Arabic spellchecking: a depth-filtered composition metric to achieve fully automatic correction","attachmentId":106550430,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108065036/Arabic_spellchecking_a_depth_filtered_composition_metric_to_achieve_fully_automatic_correction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108065036/Arabic_spellchecking_a_depth_filtered_composition_metric_to_achieve_fully_automatic_correction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="2752833" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2752833/Improved_Spelling_Error_Detection_and_Correction_for_Arabic">Improved Spelling Error Detection and Correction for Arabic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="348759" href="https://dcu.academia.edu/MohammedAttia">Mohammed Attia</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT A spelling error detection and correction application is based on three main components: a dictionary (or reference word list), an error model and a language model. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/2752833/Improved_Spelling_Error_Detection_and_Correction_for_Arabic"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="64212151" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64212151/Contribution_to_the_Achievement_of_a_Spellchecker_for_Arabic">Contribution to the Achievement of a Spellchecker for Arabic</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3866032" href="https://asma.academia.edu/Gab%C3%A8sZr">mounir Zrigui</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Research in Computing Science</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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