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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%AD" title="جزيرة شبح – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة شبح" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ila_fant%C3%B4ma" title="Ila fantôma – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ila fantôma" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabus_ada" title="Kabus ada – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kabus ada" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AA" title="বিভ্রমমূলক দ্বীপ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিভ্রমমূলক দ্বীপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E-%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Востраў-прывід – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Востраў-прывід" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantomsko_ostrvo" title="Fantomsko ostrvo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fantomsko ostrvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_fantasma" title="Illa fantasma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa fantasma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99%C3%ADzra%C4%8Dn%C3%BD_ostrov" title="Přízračný ostrov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Přízračný ostrov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantom%C3%B8" title="Fantomø – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fantomø" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantominsel" title="Phantominsel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phantominsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_fantasma" title="Isla fantasma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla fantasma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantoma_insulo" title="Fantoma insulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fantoma insulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_fant%C3%B4me" title="Île fantôme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île fantôme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB" title="Ուրվական կղզի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուրվական կղզի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="वेताल द्वीप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेताल द्वीप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_hantu" title="Pulau hantu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau hantu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_fantasma" title="Isola fantasma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola fantasma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A2" title="אי תעתוע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אי תעתוע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Призрачен остров – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Призрачен остров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spookeiland" title="Spookeiland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spookeiland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%96%91%E5%AD%98%E5%B3%B6" title="疑存島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="疑存島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantom%C3%B8y" title="Fantomøy – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fantomøy" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantom%C3%B8y" title="Fantomøy – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fantomøy" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha-fantasma" title="Ilha-fantasma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha-fantasma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Остров-призрак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Остров-призрак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_island" title="Phantom island – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phantom island" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantomski_otok" title="Fantomski otok – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fantomski otok" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="பொய்த் தீவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொய்த் தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Фантомні острови – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фантомні острови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%9D%88%E5%B3%B6" title="幽靈島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="幽靈島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129264#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_lands" title="List of lost lands">Lost lands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ghost Island (disambiguation)">Ghost Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanishing_island" title="Vanishing island">Vanishing island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fata_Morgana_(mirage)" title="Fata Morgana (mirage)">Fata Morgana (mirage)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage">Mirage</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Null_Island" title="Null Island">Null Island</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Powell-Chart-1822.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Powell-Chart-1822.png/220px-Powell-Chart-1822.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Powell-Chart-1822.png/330px-Powell-Chart-1822.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Powell-Chart-1822.png/440px-Powell-Chart-1822.png 2x" data-file-width="2357" data-file-height="1569" /></a><figcaption>Fragment of <a href="/wiki/George_Powell_(sealer)" title="George Powell (sealer)">George Powell</a>'s 1822 chart of the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetland Islands</a> showing the phantom Middle Island (bottom right) in <a href="/wiki/Bransfield_Strait" title="Bransfield Strait">Bransfield Strait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg/220px-Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg/330px-Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg/440px-Map_by_nicolo_zeno_1558.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="858" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Zeno_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeno map">Zeno map</a> of 1558 showing <a href="/wiki/Frisland" title="Frisland">Frisland</a> – a phantom island in the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png/220px-Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png/330px-Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png/440px-Kianida_Island_or_Cianeis_Insula.png 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>The phantom island of Kianida or Cianeis in the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> on a fragment of the 1467 <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Germanus" title="Nicolaus Germanus">Nicolaus Germanus</a> edition of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_Geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy's Geography">Ptolemy's <i>Geography</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>phantom island</b> is a purported <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> which was included on maps for a period of time, but was later found not to exist. They usually originate from the reports of early sailors exploring new regions, and are commonly the result of navigational errors, mistaken observations, unverified misinformation, or deliberate fabrication. Some have remained on maps for centuries before being "un-discovered". </p><p>Unlike <a href="/wiki/Lost_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lost lands">lost lands</a>, which are claimed (or known) to have once existed but to have been swallowed by the sea or otherwise destroyed, a phantom island is one that is claimed to exist contemporaneously, but later found not to have existed in the first place (or found not to be an island, as with the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_California" title="Island of California">Island of California</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phantom_island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some may have been purely mythical, such as the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Demons" title="Isle of Demons">Isle of Demons</a> near <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, which may have been based on local legends of a haunted island. The far-northern island of <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a> was reported to exist by the 4th-century BC Greek explorer <a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a>, but information about its purported location was lost; explorers and geographers since have speculated that it was the <a href="/wiki/Shetland_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Shetland Islands">Shetland Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, or possibly nonexistent. The island of <a href="/wiki/Brasil_(mythical_island)" title="Brasil (mythical island)">Hy-Brasil</a> was sometimes depicted on maps west of Ireland, but all accounts of it have been fanciful. </p><p>Some phantom islands arose through the faulty positioning of actual islands, or other geographical errors. <a href="/wiki/Pepys_Island" title="Pepys Island">Pepys Island</a> was a misidentification of the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Peninsula">Baja California Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Banks_Peninsula" title="Banks Peninsula">Banks Peninsula</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> each appear as islands on some early maps, but were later discovered to be attached to their mainlands. <a href="/wiki/Isle_Phelipeaux" title="Isle Phelipeaux">Isle Phelipeaux</a>, an apparent duplication of <a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale" title="Isle Royale">Isle Royale</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appeared on explorers' maps for many years, and even served as a landmark for the border between the United States and the territory that would become Canada, before subsequent exploration by surveyors determined that it did not exist. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Island,_New_Caledonia" title="Sandy Island, New Caledonia">Sandy Island</a> appeared on maps of the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a> beginning in the late 19th century. Purportedly, it existed between the <a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Islands" title="Chesterfield Islands">Chesterfield Islands</a> and Nereus Reef near <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>; however, it was "undiscovered" in the 1970s. Nonetheless, it continued to be included in mapping data sets into the early 21st century, until its non-existence was re-confirmed in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eos_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other phantom islands are misidentifications of <a href="/wiki/Breaker_(reef)" class="mw-redirect" title="Breaker (reef)">breakers</a>, icebergs, fog banks, <a href="/wiki/Pumice_raft" title="Pumice raft">pumice rafts</a> from underwater volcanoes, or optical illusions. Observed in the <a href="/wiki/Weddell_Sea" title="Weddell Sea">Weddell Sea</a> in 1823 but never again seen, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Greenland" title="New South Greenland">New South Greenland</a> may have been the result of a <a href="/wiki/Superior_mirage" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior mirage">superior mirage</a>. Some such as <a href="/wiki/Thompson_Island_(South_Atlantic)" title="Thompson Island (South Atlantic)">Thompson Island</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bermeja" title="Bermeja">Bermeja</a> may have been actual islands subsequently destroyed by volcanic explosions, earthquakes, submarine landslides, or low-lying lands such as <a href="/wiki/Shoal" title="Shoal">sand banks</a> that are no longer above water. <a href="/wiki/Pactolus_Bank" title="Pactolus Bank">Pactolus Bank</a>, visited by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Sir Francis Drake</a> in 1578, may fit into this former sand bank category. </p><p>In some cases, cartographers intentionally include <a href="/wiki/Fictitious_entry#Maps" title="Fictitious entry">invented geographic features</a> in their maps, either for fraudulent purposes or to <a href="/wiki/Copyright_trap" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright trap">catch plagiarists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of region below Tropic of Capricorn, showing several phantom islands (circled, three phantom types)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg/900px-Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg/1350px-Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg/1800px-Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2796" data-file-height="931" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Overview_of_the_phantom_islands.jpg" title="File:Overview of the phantom islands.jpg"> </a></div>Map of region below <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Capricorn" title="Tropic of Capricorn">Tropic of Capricorn</a>, showing several phantom islands (circled, three phantom types)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_phantom_islands">List of phantom islands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phantom_island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of phantom islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="150">Name </th> <th width="150">Date of<br />alleged<br /> discovery </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Anaa-ti </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 22° 15′ S, 137° 30′ W, in the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotus</a>. Believed to be a mistaken sighting of a nearby island.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antillia" title="Antillia">Antillia</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="0714 !"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 714</span>/15th century</span></td> <td>The island, like the more popular <a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a>, is a fictional island in the Atlantic originating from an Iberian legend. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Antonio d'Ulloa Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Discovered by the Spanish captain <a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a> at 37° 02′ S, 78° 20′ W. Noted as doubtful in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arthur Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given by Arrowsmith as 3° 30′ S, 176° W. Noted to be needing confirmation of existence and position in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="-360 !"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 360 BC</span></span></td> <td>Ancient Greek legend described by <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, later hypothesized to be real, and depicted on a 1664 map by <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Islands" title="Aurora Islands">Aurora Islands</a></td> <td>1762</td> <td>Discovered by Spanish merchant ship <i>Aurora</i>, currently thought to be just <a href="/wiki/Shag_Rocks,_South_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shag Rocks, South Georgia">Shag Rocks</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bacalao_(phantom_island)" title="Bacalao (phantom island)">Bacalao</a></td> <td>1472</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Frutuoso" title="Gaspar Frutuoso">Gaspar Frutuoso</a> noted its discovery by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Vaz_Corte-Real" title="João Vaz Corte-Real">João Vaz Corte-Real</a> in 1472 in <i>Saudades da Terra.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bale of Cotton </td> <td>1767 </td> <td>A rock in the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>, located at 5° 22′ N "100 <a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">leagues</a> east from <a href="/wiki/Galle" title="Galle">Pointe de Galle</a>." A passenger on the boat that saw the rock claimed to have physically gone onto it. Doubtful by 1817 and not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bermeja" title="Bermeja">Bermeja</a></td> <td>1539</td> <td>Discovered in the early 16th century by Spain, but mysteriously vanished sometime during the 17th century. While no dominant theory holds, it is possible that the island submerged due to tectonic movements, supported by the existence of a seamount at <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Phantom_island&params=22_38.76_N_90_51.3_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">22°38.76′N</span> <span class="longitude">90°51.3′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">22.64600°N 90.8550°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">22.64600; -90.8550</span></span></span></a></span></span> and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_Reef" title="Scorpion Reef">Scorpion Reef</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bonetta Rocks </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 16° 32′ N, 20° 57′ W, between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>. Could not be found in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Land" title="Bradley Land">Bradley Land</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>A mass of land named by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Frederick Cook</a> which he claimed to have seen between (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Phantom_island&params=84_20_N_102_0_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">84°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">102°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">84.333°N 102.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">84.333; -102.000</span></span></span></a></span></span>) and (<span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Phantom_island&params=85_11_N_102_0_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">85°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">102°0′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">85.183°N 102.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">85.183; -102.000</span></span></span></a></span></span>) during a 1909 expedition. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brasil_(mythical_island)" title="Brasil (mythical island)">Brasil</a> or Hy-Brasil</td> <td>1325</td> <td>Said to lie in the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland. Irish myths described it as cloaked in mist except for one day every seven years, when it became visible but still could not be reached. Several 16th century maps showing the island of Brasil also showed an island labelled <i>Demar</i> further south-west. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Brendan%27s_Island" title="Saint Brendan's Island">Saint Brendan's Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="0512 !">512</span></td> <td>Claimed to have been first visited in 512 by the monk St. Brendan and 14 others, along with later reports up to 1772. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Britomart Island </td> <td>1822 </td> <td>Discoverer unknown; location given as 19° 52' S, 145° 50' W. Noted to be doubtful in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buss_Island" title="Buss Island">Buss Island</a></td> <td>1578</td> <td>Found in the waters near Greenland, in which <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a>, the leader of the island-finding expedition, probably made a mistake in dead reckoning and mistook optical effects near Greenland for a new island. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Island_of_California" title="Island of California">Island of California</a></span></td> <td>1510</td> <td>A misconception about the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Peninsula">Baja California Peninsula</a> being an island due to an assumption that the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a> was instead a <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">strait</a> separating California from the rest of the Americas. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cassiterides" title="Cassiterides">Cassiterides</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="-430 !">430 BC</span></td> <td>Ancient source of Phoenician tin. Exact location unknown but thought to have possibly referred to now silt-connected islands within the marshes of <a href="/wiki/Bri%C3%A8re" title="Brière">Brière</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clark's Reef </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Discoverer unknown, location given as 8° 18′ S, 139° 50′ (or 52′) W. Admiral Du Petit Thouars could not find the reef, sounding 200 fathoms.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cloate's Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 21° 30′ S, 92° 42′ E, west of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Removed from charts by 1856 or earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crockerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Crockerland">Crockerland</a></td> <td>1906</td> <td>A hoax invented by Arctic explorer <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Peary" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Peary">Robert E. Peary</a> to gain more financial aid from George Crocker, one of his financial backers. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Davis_Land" title="Davis Land">Davis Land</a></td> <td>1687</td> <td>Supposedly sighted by the pirate <a href="/wiki/Edward_Davis_(buccaneer)" title="Edward Davis (buccaneer)">Edward Davis</a> in the Pacific along the southern latitude of 27 to 28 degrees, which was on the same latitude as the Spanish-controlled gold mines of Copiago. At the time, it was believed that gold could be found elsewhere along the latitude so several navigators were instructed to seek it out on their voyages. Never found, it was also believed by <a href="/wiki/William_Dampier" title="William Dampier">William Dampier</a> to be the coast of Terra Australis Incognita.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Demons" title="Isle of Demons">Isle of Demons</a></td> <td>1508</td> <td>Probably a relocated version of the island of <a href="/wiki/Satanazes" title="Satanazes">Satanazes</a> (see island below). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denia/Davia </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 41° or 42° S, 20° E, in close vicinity of Marzeveen/Maarseveen. Not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diego Alvarez </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 39° 10′ S, 11° 15′ W, between <a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough</a>. Not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dougherty_Island" title="Dougherty Island">Dougherty Island</a></td> <td>1841</td> <td>Because it is near Antarctica, it is likely that the discoverer, Captain Dougherty, and future explorers who confirmed it, saw fog banks and icebergs conveniently situated in the right place and time. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dragon Island </td> <td>1869 </td> <td>Reported by Capt. Andrew of the bark <i>Dragon</i> at 24° 30′ N, 136° 36′ W. Found nonexistent in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dunkin's Reef </td> <td>1824 </td> <td>Discovered by Dunkin; location given as 9° 50′ N, 154° 10′ E. Described as an extensive shoal. Noted as doubtful and possibly a mistaken sighting in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Island_(Cape_Horn)" title="Elizabeth Island (Cape Horn)">Elizabeth Island</a></td> <td>1578</td> <td>Described by <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, who reported harbouring there during his circumnavigation. Not found by subsequent explorers; in 1939 <a href="/wiki/Felix_Riesenberg" title="Felix Riesenberg">Felix Riesenberg</a> suggested <a href="/wiki/Pactolus_Bank" title="Pactolus Bank">Pactolus Bank</a> as a possible remnant, though recent surveys suggest the Bank may itself be a phantom feature. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Island_(phantom)" title="Emerald Island (phantom)">Emerald Island</a></td> <td>1821</td> <td>Probably fog banks and icebergs (see <a href="/wiki/Dougherty_Island" title="Dougherty Island">Dougherty Island</a> above); the abyssal plain below it was named Emerald Plain, however, in recognition of the nonexistent island. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emily Rock </td> <td>1869 </td> <td>Sighted at 25° 38' S, 87° 25' W by the <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">bark</a> <i>Emily</i>. Reportedly measured to be 15' tall and 120' long. 2 other sightings were reported in 1873, now described as being 3/4th mile long and 20 feet at its tallest point, made of sandy volcanic stone. Several vessels passed through the area but did not see it.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Legouve_Reef" title="Ernest Legouve Reef">Ernest Legouve Reef</a></td> <td>1902</td> <td>A reef supposedly found by the captain of the French ship, Ernest Legouvé, which is near the exact location of the fictional <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Island_(Mysterious_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Island (Mysterious Island)">Lincoln Island</a>, the main setting for <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysterious_Island" title="The Mysterious Island">The Mysterious Island</a></i>, also appearing in <i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="In Search of the Castaways">In Search of the Castaways</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estotiland" class="mw-redirect" title="Estotiland">Estotiland</a></td> <td>1558</td> <td>An island appearing on the <a href="/wiki/Zeno_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeno map">Zeno map</a> at the current location of <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Faith Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 21° 10′ S, 138° 52′ W, in the <a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotus</a>. Believed to be a mistaken sighting of a nearby island.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fata_Morgana_Land" title="Fata Morgana Land">Fata Morgana Land</a></td> <td>1907</td> <td><a href="/wiki/J.P._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="J.P. Koch">J.P. Koch</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bertelsen" title="Aage Bertelsen">Aage Bertelsen</a>, was reported to have first seen Fata Morgana Land (<a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a>: <i lang="da">Fata Morgana Landet</i>) lying in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a> around 80°00´N 10°00´W between NE Greenland and Svalbard. This elusive land was allegedly seen as well by <a href="/wiki/Lauge_Koch" title="Lauge Koch">Lauge Koch</a> from the air in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-cat_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cat-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Reef" title="Filippo Reef">Filippo Reef</a></td> <td>1886</td> <td>This reef, part of the <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a>, was first seen by the ship <i>Filippo</i> and was seen again in 1926 when both ships saw breakers in the same area, suggesting a depth of 0.6 to 0.9 metres (2 to 3 feet). Current observations show the reported location to have a depth of 5.3 kilometres (3.3 miles; 2.9 nautical miles), and the nearest shallow seamount is about 4.7 kilometres (2.9 miles; 2.5 nautical miles) deep, disproving the existence of the island. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fonseca_Island" title="Fonseca Island">Fonseca Island</a></td> <td>1544</td> <td>An island sighted east of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frisland" title="Frisland">Frisland</a></td> <td>1558</td> <td>Another island on the <a href="/wiki/Zeno_map" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeno map">Zeno map</a>, possibly a renamed <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Island" title="Ganges Island">Ganges Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="1950 !">20th century</span></td> <td>A nonexistent island off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> to the southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Shatsky_Rise" title="Shatsky Rise">Shatsky Rise</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isle Grande </td> <td>1675 </td> <td>Discovered by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Antonio de la Roche</a>. Roche only passed the island on its eastern side. Various locations given, all at 45° 15′ S, but otherwise differing at 38° 15′ W (per la Roche), 45° 30′ W, and 35° 30′ W; considered uncertain by 1808. Possibly a mistaken sighting of a projecting <a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">headland</a> from <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, as la Roche never saw the other side.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Groclant" title="Groclant">Groclant</a></td> <td>1569</td> <td>An island to the west of <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, perhaps a misreading of the island's name, or <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Humphrey Island </td> <td>1822 </td> <td>Discoverer unknown; location given as 16° 52' S, 140° 30' W. Krusenstern doubted its existence and was noted as doubtful in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a> </td> <td>Antiquity to 17th century </td> <td>Hypothetic land of a mythical people living in the far north of the known world, depicted as the mirror continent of <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mercator_1569_world_map" title="Mercator 1569 world map">Mercator</a> map </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ilha_de_Vera_Cruz" title="Ilha de Vera Cruz">Ilha de Vera Cruz</a></td> <td>1500</td> <td>A supposed 'island' found by Portuguese explorers, which turned out not to be an island but rather what is currently known as <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jacquet_Island" title="Jacquet Island">Jacquet Island</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="1000 !">Middle Ages</span></td> <td>An island just to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Cap" title="Flemish Cap">Flemish Cap</a>; it was believed to exist into the 19th century, during which cartographers discussed it as a possible midway point for the <a href="/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable" title="Transatlantic telegraph cable">Transatlantic telegraph cable</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Lisboa" title="Juan de Lisboa">Juan de Lisboa</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="1600 !">17th century</span></td> <td>Reported on maps as being southeast of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Reef" title="Jupiter Reef">Jupiter Reef</a></td> <td>1878</td> <td>Nonexistent reef in the Line Islands (in fact <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a> are more than 3,200 kilometres (2,000 miles; 1,700 nautical miles) away), to the south of the also nonexistent <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Legouve_Reef" title="Ernest Legouve Reef">Ernest Legouve Reef</a> (see above). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kantia" title="Kantia">Kantia</a></td> <td>1884</td> <td>Found in 1884 by Johan Otto Polter, who, in four later expeditions through 1909, disproved the island's existence. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Keenan_Land" title="Keenan Land">Keenan Land</a> </td> <td>1870s </td> <td>Large landmass reportedly discovered in the Arctic north of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>; numerous searches failed to relocate it. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kentzell's Island </td> <td>1856 </td> <td>Reported by Capt. Kentzell of San Francisco at approx. 40° N, 150° 30′ W. The island, 20 miles long and "very low," was said to have a large <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">sea elephant</a> population, and therefore was kept secret by <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunting" title="Seal hunting">seal hunters</a>. Searches failed to find it while sightings still came in through the 1860s, including one by the <i><a href="/wiki/Kanrin_Maru" title="Kanrin Maru">Kanrin Maru</a></i> in 1859. Finally disproven by a survey in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kettendyk's Droogte </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 33° S, 4° 25′ E, northeast of <a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> and west of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. Unsuccessfully searched for, and not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kianida Island<br />or <i>Cianeis Insula</i></td> <td>1467</td> <td>Supposedly known in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">Antiquity</a>, a large island the size of <a href="/wiki/Thassos" class="mw-redirect" title="Thassos">Thassos</a> but situated off the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> coast of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> in the present Bulgaria-Turkey border area. Depicted on the 1467 map <i>Nona Europae Tabula</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Germanus" title="Nicolaus Germanus">Nicolaus Germanus</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Ptolemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius Ptolemy">Claudius Ptolemy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_Geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy's Geography">Geography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bulgarian geomorphologist Dinyo Kanev, probably destroyed by sea in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Krusenstern Rock </td> <td>1804 </td> <td>Reported as a breaker at 22° 15' N, 175° 37' W. Capt. R. Suffern of the <i>Craigerne</i> reported that he was at these exact coordinated in 1897 but there was no sign of the rock.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>L'Enfants Perdu Islands </td> <td>1768 </td> <td>Discovered by Bougainville, variously placed at 14° 16′ S, 177° 23′ W or 14° 20′ S, 176° 40′ W. Found doubtful in 1875 after searches found no land in the area. Possibly a mistaken sighting of the <a href="/wiki/Hoorn_Islands" title="Hoorn Islands">Horne Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Los_Jardines" title="Los Jardines">Los Jardines</a></td> <td>1528</td> <td>A pair of phantom islands to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jane Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 16° 10′ N, 173° 15′ W. Could not be found in 1841, and the island being a mistaken sighting of <a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a> was ruled out due to latitude. Not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jesus Island </td> <td>1567 </td> <td>Reported by Mendaña at 6° 45′ S, 171° 30′ E. Krusenstern doubted its existence and it was noted as doubtful in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marzeveen/Maarseveen </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 41° or 42° S, 20° E, in close vicinity of Denia/Davia. Not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Lajara" title="María de Lajara">María de Lajara</a> or Maria Laxar</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1600 !">17th century</span></td> <td>Usually located northeast from Hawaii, but perhaps originally one of the <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Islands</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_Reef" title="Maria Theresa Reef">Maria Theresa Reef</a> (aka Tabor Island or Tabor Reef)</td> <td>1843</td> <td>Another nonexistent reef in the Line Islands (in fact <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a> are more than 3,200 kilometres (2,000 miles; 1,700 nautical miles) away), slightly to the southwest-west of the phantom island, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Reef" title="Jupiter Reef">Jupiter Reef</a>. It is a setting for Jules Verne's book <i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_the_Castaways" title="In Search of the Castaways">In Search of the Castaways</a></i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maria Rock </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 19° 45′ N, 20° 50′ W, off of <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>. Could not be found in 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Maury Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 27° S, 95° 06′ W. Not seen on modern maps, but could not be located on any historical maps either.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mayda" title="Mayda">Mayda</a> or Isle of Mam</td> <td>1367</td> <td>A crescent-shaped island in the North Atlantic that does not appear to exist; however, there is a crescent-shaped group of seamounts 37 metres (120 feet) deep near its described location. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Merrill Island </td> <td>1832 </td> <td>Reported by Captain Harding Merrill of the <i>Comboy</i> at 16′ 38° S, 141′ W. Reportedly inhabited by people resembling <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiians</a>. Noted doubtful in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minnehaha Rock </td> <td>1879 </td> <td>Sighted by Capt. Beckwith of the <i>Victoria</i> at 25° 50' S, 106° 20' W. No subsequent sightings have been made.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mokupāpapa </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Known to the <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a> as a 'flat island' (translated literally from its name) to the southwest of the island of <a href="/wiki/Niihau" title="Niihau">Niihau</a>, past <a href="/wiki/Ka%CA%BBula" title="Kaʻula">Kaʻula</a>, described variously as 'a five-hour sail' from the latter and 'halfway to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>' and actively being traveled to in <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s time, but a search by the voyage's men could not find it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nameless Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Discoverer unknown; location given as 2° 50′ S, 170° 18′ E. Noted as doubtful in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New York and Nexsen Islands </td> <td>1798 </td> <td>Reported by a Mr. Fanning on the <i>Betsy</i> at 8° 9′ S, 141° 30.5′ W based on location seven hours after sighting. Smoke noted, suggesting inhabitants. Observed from four to six leagues away and not approached. Suspected in 1851 to be a mistaken sighting of two nearby islands; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Elmo </td> <td>1606 </td> <td>Reported by Quiros, location 21° 20' S, 143° 50' W. Said to be low, surrounded by coral reefs, with a 30 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_units_of_measurement" title="Spanish units of measurement">Spanish leagues</a> circumference. Noted as doubtful in 1851; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St._Matthew_Island_(phantom_island)" title="St. Matthew Island (phantom island)">St. Matthew Island</a></td> <td>1516</td> <td>An island near the coast of Africa, roughly 1,000 kilometres (620 miles; 540 nautical miles) east-northeast of <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> and possibly confused with the same latitude <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Annobón Province">Annobón Island</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mount_Penglai" title="Mount Penglai">Mount Penglai</a></td> <td>Antiquity</td> <td>An island thirty-thousand leagues to the east off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>. Associated with numerous East Asian myths and legends. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nachtegal Rock </td> <td>1861 </td> <td>Seen by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Sphinx_(1748)" title="HMS Sphinx (1748)">HMS <i>Sphinx</i></a> at 40° 20′ S, 52° 55′ E. Last seen in charts in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Badalgo </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 18° 15′ N, 143° 40′ W. Not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_South_Greenland" title="New South Greenland">New South Greenland</a></td> <td>1823</td> <td>Unknown odd island near Antarctica, which captain <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Benjamin Morrell</a> of the ship Wasp saw while traveling north from Antarctica. He thought it to be the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a> (then called New South Greenland), but his reported location during the voyage, while perfectly copying the expected path for traveling up the peninsula, was over 500 kilometres (310 miles; 270 nautical miles) to the east and 97 kilometres (60 miles; 52 nautical miles) to the north of the actual position of the Antarctic Peninsula, suggesting either a huge miscalculation in location or sightings of icebergs and fog, typical of phantom islands in the Antarctic Circle. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Islands" title="Nimrod Islands">Nimrod Islands</a></td> <td>1828</td> <td>A group of islands between <a href="/wiki/Emerald_Island_(phantom)" title="Emerald Island (phantom)">Emerald Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dougherty_Island" title="Dougherty Island">Dougherty Island</a>, both of which are nonexistent. Probably a group of icebergs together. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pactolus_Bank" title="Pactolus Bank">Pactolus Bank</a></td> <td>1885</td> <td>An oceanic bank 120 metres (400 feet) deep off the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a>, suggested as the remains of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Island_(Cape_Horn)" title="Elizabeth Island (Cape Horn)">Elizabeth Island</a>. A 1956 search of the area turned up no shallow areas in the reported location. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Passion/Paxarus Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 25° 48′ N, 136° 36′ W or 26° 12′ N, 136° W. No sign of the island could be find in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pepys_Island" title="Pepys Island">Pepys Island</a></td> <td>1683</td> <td>In 1683, <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Cowley" title="Ambrose Cowley">Ambrose Cowley</a> reported an unknown island where he thought the Falklands were, but his location was 4 degrees to the north of the Falkland Islands. While it is possible that he made a mistake in seeing a nonexistent island, it is more likely he saw one of the Falkland Islands and made a 4-degree error in his location. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Petermannland</td> <td><span data-sort-value="1867 !">Between 1860 and 1874</span></td> <td>North of <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Land" title="Franz Josef Land">Franz Josef Land</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/August_Heinrich_Petermann" title="August Heinrich Petermann">August Heinrich Petermann</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Isle_Phelipeaux" title="Isle Phelipeaux">Isle Phelipeaux</a></td> <td>1744</td> <td>A nonexistent island in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a> referenced in the 1783 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Podesta_(island)" title="Podesta (island)">Podesta</a></td> <td>1879</td> <td>An island 1,390 kilometres (860 miles; 750 nautical miles) to the west of <a href="/wiki/El_Quisco,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="El Quisco, Chile">El Quisco, Chile</a>, that was discovered to be fake in 1935 and promptly removed. Other phantom islands were also found in the vicinity in 1912 and 1858 (see <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ann_Island" title="Sarah Ann Island">Sarah Ann Island</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polvaro Island </td> <td>1505 </td> <td>Usually placed at or near 9° 20′ S, 89° E. Reportedly discovered after a Portuguese ship withdrawing from <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Cape Comorin</a> was lost nearby. Sometimes called <i>Apaluria</i>; sighted into the 18th century. Said to be low, woody, eight to 10 miles long. Absence noted in 1866; allegedly "exploded."<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Recreation Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 15° 35′ S, 150° W, north of <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>. Position passed over with no sign of land, removed in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed/Redfield Rocks </td> <td>1850 </td> <td>First sighting reported by Capt. Reed of the brig <i>Emma</i> at 37° 24′ N, 137° 22′ W in the <i>Shipping Gazette</i>. Mores sightings were made in varying locations in 1851, 1856, and 1866. They were said to be two rocks, 600–900 feet long and 50–40 feet across, under 3–5 fathoms of water and breakers in rough weather. Four surveys from 1871 to 1875 could not find them, but another sighting in 1889 said they were now four feet above the water. Another survey in 1902 disproved their existence, but were still marked on maps as doubtful.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rivadeneyra_Shoal" title="Rivadeneyra Shoal">Rivadeneyra Shoal</a></td> <td>1842</td> <td>A shoal in the eastern Pacific Ocean. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ilha dos Romeiros </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 28° 40′ S, 74° E, between <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>. Removed from charts by 1856 or earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roque Piz </td> <td>1649 </td> <td>First seen in a chart by <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Teixeira_Albernaz_I" title="João Teixeira Albernaz I">João Teixeora</a>, located at 6° S, 60° E. Seen on maps as late as 1865, described as being three flat islands. Likely a mistaken sighting of the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Company%27s_Islands" title="Royal Company's Islands">Royal Company's Islands</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="1830 !">Before 1840</span></td> <td>A fictional island widely believed during the 19th century to be to the southwest of <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>. While not found by numerous expeditions in 1840, 1889, 1902, 1909, and 1912, the island was not officially removed from nautical charts until 1904. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royllo" title="Royllo">Royllo</a></td> <td>1424</td> <td>A small island to the west of the mythical <a href="/wiki/Antillia" title="Antillia">Antillia</a> (see Antillia above). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rupes_Nigra" title="Rupes Nigra">Rupes Nigra</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="1300 !">14th century</span></td> <td>A magnetic, black island at the exact <a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">Magnetic North Pole</a>, invented as an explanation for why all compasses point north. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Island,_New_Caledonia" title="Sandy Island, New Caledonia">Sandy Island</a></td> <td>1774</td> <td>Another phantom, small island to the west of <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> that was recorded on many maps until 2012, when a surveying ship passed by and disproved its existence. The current leading explanation is that the island was a raft of buoyant <a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">pumice</a> from a recent nearby seamount eruption. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sannikov_Land" title="Sannikov Land">Sannikov Land</a></td> <td>1809</td> <td>An island near the <a href="/wiki/De_Long_Islands" title="De Long Islands">De Long Islands</a>, north of Russia, that probably did exist but was destroyed due to <a href="/wiki/Coastal_erosion" title="Coastal erosion">coastal erosion</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Ann_Island" title="Sarah Ann Island">Sarah Ann Island</a></td> <td>1858</td> <td>A phantom island near <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Podesta_(island)" title="Podesta (island)">Podesta island</a>. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/onc/txu-pclmaps-oclc-8322829_r_22.jpg">Operational Navigation Chart</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Satanazes" title="Satanazes">Satanazes</a></td> <td>1424</td> <td>This island was originally noted on maps in 1424, originating from popular legend of devils and demons attacking ships that went into the area, but the island was subsequently removed because it obviously did not exist. The island, often drawn to the north of the mythical <a href="/wiki/Antillia" title="Antillia">Antillia</a>, was purportedly full of evil demons but was sometimes called Salvaga to avoid using the profanity "devil". </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saxemberg_Island" title="Saxemberg Island">Saxemberg Island</a></td> <td>1670</td> <td>An odd island midway between South America and Africa that numerous captains reported seeing in 1804, 1809, and 1816. While most had conflicting reports, all of them found the island in the same location; however, none of them actually made landfall. It is possible the island was volcanic and later erupted and destroyed itself. It is also possible that they were looking at <a href="/wiki/Tristan_de_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tristan de Cunha">Tristan de Cunha</a> island. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schjetman_Reef" title="Schjetman Reef">Schjetman Reef</a></td> <td>1868</td> <td>To the west of the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>, Schjetman Reef was originally found in 1868 to be an island 2.8 kilometres (1.7 miles; 1.5 nautical miles) long and 0.93 kilometres (0.58 miles; 0.5 nautical miles) wide. Later searches in 1880, 1923, and 1924 could not find the island. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sefton Reef</td> <td>1808</td> <td>Approx. 83°W, 37°S (southwest of <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_Island" title="Robinson Crusoe Island">Robinson Crusoe Island</a>), noted as "position doubtful" in Operational Navigation Chart<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Islands" title="Terra Nova Islands">Terra Nova Islands</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td>Thought to lie off Oates Coast, East Antarctica. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Island_(South_Atlantic)" title="Thompson Island (South Atlantic)">Thompson Island</a></td> <td>1825</td> <td>An island in the south Atlantic Ocean discovered by the whaling ship captain George Norris; it has not been seen since 1893. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="-325 !">325 BC</span></td> <td>A mythical island in the far north, possibly at or above the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>, mentioned in many works from the Roman and Medieval period. Sources in antiquity placed Thule several days travel north of <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> visible from <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or north of <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More modern scholars have suggested Thule may have been <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Estonian island of <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Silverwhite_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silverwhite-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the Norwegian island of <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B8la_(island)" title="Smøla (island)">Smøla</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Germania_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germania-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tiburones </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Captain D'Urville asked the residents of <a href="/wiki/Ua_Pou" title="Ua Pou">Uapoa</a> about this island in August 1838. They claimed it existed, reporting it had high land, one sandy beach which could be approached in good weather, and a single male inhabitant (the others having fled). Location given as 11° S, 143° W; noted doubtful in 1851 and not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Torca_Island" title="Torca Island">Torca Island</a></td> <td>1693</td> <td>A mythical island near <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a> in the Indonesia purportedly destroyed by a volcanic eruption. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hatohobei#Transit_Reef" title="Hatohobei">Transit Reef</a></td> <td><span data-sort-value="1750 !">18th century</span></td> <td>A possible reef in Southern Palau. While this reef probably exists, some maps do not list it as an actual location, and, although the reef doesn't have any land, the native name of the island, Pieraurou, means 'Sandy Navigation Point', implying a sandy island or sand bar. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Truls Island </td> <td>1962 </td> <td>Reported by the tanker <i>Truls</i> at 56° S, 23° 15′ E. Marked on USHO Chart 5188B in October 1969 as "ED" (existence doubtful).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tuanaki" title="Tuanaki">Tuanaki</a></td> <td>1842</td> <td>A vanished group of islets in the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a> at which a sailor allegedly spent 6 days, but a ship traveling in the waters two years later found no island. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turnbull Island </td> <td>Unknown </td> <td>Location given as 19° 52′ S, 143° 32′ W. Noted as doubtful in 1864 and removed from charts after 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Two Brothers Reef </td> <td>1823 </td> <td>Reportedly struck by a whaling ship in 1823, location listed as 24° 14' N, 168° 28′ W. Existence doubtful by 1912 due to lack of sightings; not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wachusett_Reef" title="Wachusett Reef">Wachusett Reef</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>A nonexistent reef in the Line Islands – in fact <a href="/wiki/Line_Islands" title="Line Islands">Line Islands</a> are more than 3,200 kilometres (2,000 miles; 1,700 nautical miles) away – along with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Legouve_Reef" title="Ernest Legouve Reef">Ernest Legouve Reef</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Reef" title="Jupiter Reef">Jupiter Reef</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_Reef" title="Maria Theresa Reef">Maria Theresa Reef</a>. This reef, the largest of the three, was thought to be 9–10.5 metres (30–35 feet) deep. None of these reefs are currently believed to have actually existed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yosemite Rock</td> <td>1903</td> <td>Approx. 83°W, 32°S (northwest of <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_Island" title="Robinson Crusoe Island">Robinson Crusoe Island</a>), noted as "Existence doubtful" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/onc/txu-pclmaps-oclc-8322829_r_22.jpg">Operational Navigation Chart</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Unclear whether this is still noted as existence doubtful in charts more recent than 1976 or in older charts or just this one chart (January 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>(unnamed bank)</i> </td> <td>Before 1901 </td> <td>Shown on historical charts at 30° 55' N, 177° 30' E and 42 fathoms deep. Soundings of this area in 1901 and 1902 failed to locate the bottom at 100 fathoms, and it is not seen on modern maps.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>(unnamed rock)</i> </td> <td>1869 </td> <td>Sighted by the steamer <i>Great Pacific</i> at 25° 40' S, 85° 0' W. The <i>Sumbawa</i> passed through the area in 1904 but did not see it.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>(unnamed breakers)</i> </td> <td>1901 </td> <td>Reported at 21° 55' N, 176° 05' W.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no indication of these breakers on modern maps. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phantom_island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Former_island" title="Former island">Former island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictitious_entry" title="Fictitious entry">Fictitious entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_islands" title="List of fictional islands">List of fictional islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_lands" title="List of lost lands">List of lost lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null_Island" title="Null Island">Null Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_city" title="Lost city">Lost city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythical_place" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythical place">Mythical place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_settlement" title="Phantom settlement">Phantom settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_incognita" title="Terra incognita">Terra incognita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigia_(nautical)" title="Vigia (nautical)">Vigia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phantom_island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8LqC9MHAl54C&pg=PA837&q=Michipicoten%2Bpontchartrain"><i>Canada and its Provinces</i></a>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+its+Provinces&rft.date=1914&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8LqC9MHAl54C%26pg%3DPA837%26q%3DMichipicoten%252Bpontchartrain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20442487">"South Pacific Sandy Island 'proven not to exist'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 22 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=South+Pacific+Sandy+Island+%27proven+not+to+exist%27&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-20442487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/22/sandy-island-missing-google-earth">"The Pacific island that never was"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 22 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Pacific+island+that+never+was&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fnov%2F22%2Fsandy-island-missing-google-earth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eos-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eos_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetonWilliams,_SimonZahirovic,_Sabin2013" class="citation journal cs1">Seton, Maria; Williams, Simon; Zahirovic, Sabin (9 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2013eo150001">"Obituary: Sandy Island (1876–2012)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eos_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eos (journal)">Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union</a></i>. <b>94</b> (15): 141–148. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EOSTr..94..141S">2013EOSTr..94..141S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2013eo150001">10.1002/2013eo150001</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2324-9250">2324-9250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Sandy+Island+%281876%E2%80%932012%29&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=141-148&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.issn=2324-9250&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F2013eo150001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013EOSTr..94..141S&rft.aulast=Seton&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft.au=Williams%2C+Simon&rft.au=Zahirovic%2C+Sabin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252F2013eo150001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UIUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA47"><i>Antarctica</i></a>, p. 47, Paul Simpson-Housley, 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PYdBH4dOOM4C&pg=PA435"><i>Exploring Polar Frontiers</i></a>, p. 435, William James Mills, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStommel1984" class="citation book cs1">Stommel, Henry M. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/lostislands00henr"><i>Lost islands : the story of islands that have vanished from nautical charts</i></a>. Internet Archive. Vancouver : University of British Columbia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0210-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0210-9"><bdi>978-0-7748-0210-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+islands+%3A+the+story+of+islands+that+have+vanished+from+nautical+charts&rft.pub=Vancouver+%3A+University+of+British+Columbia+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-0210-9&rft.aulast=Stommel&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostislands00henr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay1851" class="citation book cs1">Findlay, Alexander George (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p5tDAAAAIAAJ&q=quiros"><i>A Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean: The islands, etc., of the Pacific Ocean</i></a>. R.H. Laurie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Directory+for+the+Navigation+of+the+Pacific+Ocean%3A+The+islands%2C+etc.%2C+of+the+Pacific+Ocean&rft.pub=R.H.+Laurie&rft.date=1851&rft.aulast=Findlay&rft.aufirst=Alexander+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp5tDAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dquiros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunmore2016" class="citation book cs1">Dunmore, John (2016). <i>Chasing a Dream: The Exploration of the Imaginary Pacific</i>. Auckland: Upstart Press. pp. 81–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-927262-79-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-927262-79-5"><bdi>978-1-927262-79-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chasing+a+Dream%3A+The+Exploration+of+the+Imaginary+Pacific&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Upstart+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-927262-79-5&rft.aulast=Dunmore&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice1920" class="citation book cs1">Office, United States Hydrographic (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N30PAQAAIAAJ&dq=Yosemite+Rock+Sefton+Reef&pg=PA295"><i>H.O. Pub</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.O.+Pub&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Office&rft.aufirst=United+States+Hydrographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN30PAQAAIAAJ%26dq%3DYosemite%2BRock%2BSefton%2BReef%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cat-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cat_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200513044819/http://www.geus.dk/publications/bull/nr21/nr21_p117-368.pdf3">"Catalogue of place names in northern East Greenland"</a>. Geological Survey of Denmark. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geus.dk/publications/bull/nr21/nr21_p117-368.pdf3">the original</a> on 13 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+place+names+in+northern+East+Greenland&rft.pub=Geological+Survey+of+Denmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geus.dk%2Fpublications%2Fbull%2Fnr21%2Fnr21_p117-368.pdf3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaudius_Ptolemaeius1482" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Germanus, Nicolaus, ed. (1482), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cosmographia00ptol/page/n195"><i>Claudii Ptolomei Viri Alexandrini Cosmographie Octavus et Ultimus Liber Explicit Opus</i></a> (in Latin), Ulm: Leinhart Holle</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Claudii+Ptolomei+Viri+Alexandrini+Cosmographie+Octavus+et+Ultimus+Liber+Explicit+Opus&rft.place=Ulm&rft.pub=Leinhart+Holle&rft.date=1482&rft.au=Claudius+Ptolemaeius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcosmographia00ptol%2Fpage%2Fn195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dikov, Ivan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brewminate.com/roman-era-map-shows-large-now-sunken-island-off-black-sea-coast/">Roman Era Map Shows Large Now-Sunken Island Off Black Sea Coast.</a> Brewminate, 23 June 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurvey1912" class="citation book cs1">Survey, U. S. Coast and Geodetic (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tuo6AQAAMAAJ&dq=Krusenstern+Rock&pg=PA52"><i>Coast Pilot Notes on Hawaiian Islands: February 21, 1912</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coast+Pilot+Notes+on+Hawaiian+Islands%3A+February+21%2C+1912&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Survey&rft.aufirst=U.+S.+Coast+and+Geodetic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTuo6AQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DKrusenstern%2BRock%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitt2024" class="citation news cs1">Hitt, Christine (18 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfgate.com/hawaii/article/moku-papapa-hawaii-five-fathom-pinnacle-19832554.php">"The search for Hawaii's missing island"</a>. <i>SFGate</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=The+search+for+Hawaii%27s+missing+island&rft.date=2024-10-18&rft.aulast=Hitt&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fhawaii%2Farticle%2Fmoku-papapa-hawaii-five-fathom-pinnacle-19832554.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/onc/txu-pclmaps-oclc-8322829_r_22.jpg">"Photographic image of Relief Portrayal : ONC R-22"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(JPG)</span>. <i>Lib.utexas.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib.utexas.edu&rft.atitle=Photographic+image+of+Relief+Portrayal+%3A+ONC+R-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.utexas.edu%2Fmaps%2Fonc%2Ftxu-pclmaps-oclc-8322829_r_22.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/holland/pliny6.html">Book VI, Chapter 34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, [[Agricola (book) |Agricola]], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/tacitus/tac.agri.shtml">10</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a>, De Situ Orbis, III, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Vallancey" title="Charles Vallancey">Charles Vallancey</a> (1772) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/anessayonantiqu00vallgoog">An essay on the antiquity of the Irish language</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silverwhite-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silverwhite_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennart_Meri1976" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri">Lennart Meri</a> (1976). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silverwhite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silverwhite (page does not exist)"><i>Hõbevalge (Silverwhite)</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: Eesti Raamat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H%C3%B5bevalge+%28Silverwhite%29&rft.place=Tallinn%2C+Estonia&rft.pub=Eesti+Raamat&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Lennart+Meri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germania-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germania_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Kleineberg, Christian Marx, Eberhard Knobloch und Dieter Lelgemann: <i>Germania und die Insel Thule. Die Entschlüsselung von Ptolemaios' "Atlas der Oikumene".</i> Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2010.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phantom_island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phantom_islands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Phantom islands">Phantom islands</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke-Hitching2016" class="citation book cs1">Brooke-Hitching, Edward (2016). <i>The Phantom Atlas: The Greatest Myths, Lies and Blunders on Maps</i>. London: Simon & Schuster UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-5945-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-5945-9"><bdi>978-1-4711-5945-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phantom+Atlas%3A+The+Greatest+Myths%2C+Lies+and+Blunders+on+Maps&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+UK&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4711-5945-9&rft.aulast=Brooke-Hitching&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090419113232/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1806-03-">"Thompson Island"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1806-03-">the original</a> on 19 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thompson+Island&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.volcano.si.edu%2Fworld%2Fvolcano.cfm%3Fvnum%3D1806-03-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStommel1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Stommel, Henry</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lostislands00henr"><i>Lost Islands: The Story of Islands That Have Vanished from Nautical Charts</i></a></span>. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0210-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-0210-9"><bdi>978-0-7748-0210-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+Islands%3A+The+Story+of+Islands+That+Have+Vanished+from+Nautical+Charts&rft.place=Vancouver&rft.pub=University+of+British+Columbia+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-0210-9&rft.aulast=Stommel&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flostislands00henr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gaddis, Vincent, <i>Invisible Horizons</i>, Chilton Books. New York. 1965.</li> <li>Clark Barnaby Firestone, <i>The Coasts of Illusion: A Study of Travel Tales</i>, Harper Books, 1924.</li> <li>Johnson, Donald S., <i>Phantom Islands of the Atlantic</i>, New York, Walker Publishing, 1996 (Rev. ed.).</li> <li>William Shepard Walsh, <i>A Handy Book of Curious Information</i>, J. B. Lippincott, 1913.</li> <li>Dirk Liesemer, <i>Lexikon der Phantominseln</i>. Hamburg, mareverlag, 2016, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86648-236-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86648-236-4">978-3-86648-236-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsay1972" class="citation book cs1">Ramsay, Raymond (1972). <i>No Longer on the Map</i>. New York: Viking Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-51433-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-51433-5"><bdi>978-0-670-51433-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Longer+on+the+Map&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-670-51433-5&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould1928" class="citation news cs1">Gould, Rupert T. (1928). "The Auroras, and Other Doubtful Islands". <i>Oddities: A Book of Unexplained Facts</i>. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 124–163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oddities%3A+A+Book+of+Unexplained+Facts&rft.atitle=The+Auroras%2C+and+Other+Doubtful+Islands&rft.pages=124-163&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Rupert+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhantom+island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>L. Ivanov and N. Ivanova. Phantom islands. In: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364087925_The_World_of_Antarctica"><i>The World of Antarctica</i>.</a> Generis Publishing, 2022. pp. 74–77. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-8-88676-403-1" title="Special:BookSources/979-8-88676-403-1">979-8-88676-403-1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/75px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/113px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Oceania_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; padding-right:1.0em;width:35%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinents</a></b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(supercontinent)" title="Columbia (supercontinent)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondwana" title="Gondwana">Gondwana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenorland" title="Kenorland">Kenorland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurasia" title="Laurasia">Laurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nena_(supercontinent)" title="Nena (supercontinent)">Nena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea" title="Pangaea">Pangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannotia" title="Pannotia">Pannotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodinia" title="Rodinia">Rodinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_(continent)" title="Ur (continent)">Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaalbara" title="Vaalbara">Vaalbara</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center; padding-right:1.0em;width:65%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Other prehistoric continents</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_Craton" title="Amazonian Craton">Amazonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctica" title="Arctica">Arctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiamerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiamerica">Asiamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantica" title="Atlantica">Atlantica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalonia" title="Avalonia">Avalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltica" title="Baltica">Baltica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilenia" title="Chilenia">Chilenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmeria_(continent)" title="Cimmeria (continent)">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Craton" title="Congo Craton">Congo Craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuyania" title="Cuyania">Cuyania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctic_Shield" title="East Antarctic Shield">East Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurasia#Euramerica/Laurussia" title="Laurasia">Euramerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahari_Craton" title="Kalahari Craton">Kalaharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstania" title="Kazakhstania">Kazakhstania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laramidia" title="Laramidia">Laramidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurentia" title="Laurentia">Laurentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Craton" title="North China Craton">North China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampia" title="Pampia">Pampia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul" title="Sahul">Sahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia_(continent)" title="Siberia (continent)">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_China_Craton" title="South China Craton">South China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;;border-bottom:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:25%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">Submerged continent</a>/<a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">lands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">microcontinents</a></b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathaysia" title="Cathaysia">Cathaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Australian_Bight" title="Great Australian Bight">Great Australian Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mayen_Microcontinent" title="Jan Mayen Microcontinent">Jan Mayen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau" title="Kerguelen Plateau">Kerguelen Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritia_(microcontinent)" title="Mauritia (microcontinent)">Mauritia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahul_Shelf" title="Sahul Shelf">Sahul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Microcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Microcontinent">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Shelf" title="Sunda Shelf">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:20%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Possible future supercontinents</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Amasia_(supercontinent)" title="Amasia (supercontinent)">Amasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurica_(supercontinent)" title="Aurica (supercontinent)">Aurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novopangaea" title="Novopangaea">Novopangaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangaea_Proxima" title="Pangaea Proxima">Pangaea Proxima</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:25%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Mythical</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_lands" title="List of lost lands">lost</a>, and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">hypothesised</a> continents</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Atlantis" title="Atlantis">Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborea" title="Hyperborea">Hyperborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumari_Kandam" title="Kumari Kandam">Kumari Kandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuria" title="Lemuria">Lemuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropis" title="Meropis">Meropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(mythical_lost_continent)" title="Mu (mythical lost continent)">Mu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis" title="Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:center;padding-right:1.0em;width:30%;"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><b><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a></b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_plate" title="Somali plate">Eastern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Eastern Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li>See also: <b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world">Regions of the world</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">Continental fragment</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Continents" title="Category:Continents">Category</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_continents" title="Chronology of continents">Chronology of continents</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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