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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sectores_clave_de_la_economía_azul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sectores_clave_de_la_economía_azul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sectores clave de la economía azul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sectores_clave_de_la_economía_azul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principios_de_la_economía_azul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principios_de_la_economía_azul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Principios de la economía azul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principios_de_la_economía_azul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ambivalencia_del_término_inglés_blue_economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="hide-when-compact"><small><div>Este aviso fue puesto el 9 de agosto de 2024.</div></small></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island,_Greece.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island%2C_Greece.JPG/300px-A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island%2C_Greece.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island%2C_Greece.JPG/450px-A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island%2C_Greece.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island%2C_Greece.JPG/600px-A_small_passage_in_Paxos_island%2C_Greece.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Un pequeño estrecho en la isla griega de <a href="/wiki/Paxo%C3%AD" title="Paxoí">Paxós</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mar_J%C3%B3nico" title="Mar Jónico">Mar Jónico</a>). El turismo en bellos paisajes marítimos forma parte de la economía azul.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>economía azul</b> es la que reconoce la importancia de los mares y los océanos como motores de la economía por su gran potencial para la innovación y el crecimiento,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> según definición de la Unión Europea. La organización ecologista internacional <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a> (WWF/Adena) consideraba en el informe <i>Principios para una economía azul sostenible</i><sup id="cite_ref-Blue_economy_principles_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_economy_principles-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> que se da a la expresión un significado<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_what_is_blue_ec_3-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-WWF_what_is_blue_ec-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> amplio —la actividad económica del sector marítimo— y otro más restringido —el uso del mar y sus recursos para un desarrollo económico sostenible y rentable. </p><p>Los océanos producen más del 50% del oxígeno de nuestro planeta y absorben en torno al 30% del dióxido de carbono de los humanos. Y, sin embargo, los océanos se encuentran ahogados en plásticos. De ahora en adelante, el Tratado Global de los Océanos velará por ellos, tras el acuerdo al que han llegado 200 países para proteger la biodiversidad del 30% de los océanos de cara al 2030, que anteriormente sólo correspondía al 8%.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relación_con_la_economía_verde"><span id="Relaci.C3.B3n_con_la_econom.C3.ADa_verde"></span>Relación con la economía verde</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_azul&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Relación con la economía verde"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La economía verde o <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_ecol%C3%B3gica" title="Economía ecológica">economía ecológica</a> es «la ciencia que se ocupa de una gestión económica que favorece la sostenibilidad.»<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Con este enfoque la economía azul es parte de la economía verde y totalmente compatible con ella. En la <a href="/wiki/Conferencia_de_Desarrollo_Sostenible_de_Naciones_Unidas" title="Conferencia de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas">Conferencia de Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas</a> celebrada en 2012 en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_Janeiro" title="Río de Janeiro">Río de Janeiro</a> las pequeñas islas del Pacífico proclamaron<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_what_is_blue_ec_3-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-WWF_what_is_blue_ec-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> que, para ellas, la economía verde era en realidad una economía azul. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sectores_clave_de_la_economía_azul"><span id="Sectores_clave_de_la_econom.C3.ADa_azul"></span>Sectores clave de la economía azul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_azul&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Sectores clave de la economía azul"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De acuerdo con Bernhard Friess,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> director de asuntos marítimos y pesquerías (DG MARE) de la Unión Europea, y la estrategia Crecimiento Azul,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> estos sectores son: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecoturismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoturismo">Ecoturismo</a></li> <li>Fomento del entorno forestal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_renovable" title="Energía renovable">Energía renovable</a></li> <li>Pesca sostenible</li> <li>Biotecnología azul</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principios_de_la_economía_azul"><span id="Principios_de_la_econom.C3.ADa_azul"></span>Principios de la economía azul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_azul&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Principios de la economía azul"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Enumerados por WWF en su documento<sup id="cite_ref-Blue_economy_principles_2-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_economy_principles-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> del mismo título, son: </p> <ul><li>Que todos los actores económicos (gobiernos, empresas, ecologístas y ciudadanía) establezcan objetivos claros, medibles y coherentes (por ejemplo, las capturas anuales de pescado, la calidad de las aguas, etc.).</li> <li>Medir y comunicar regularmente el avance hacia dichos objetivos.</li> <li>Crear un entorno económico y legislativo que proporcione a la economía azul los incentivos adecuados a través de impuestos, subvenciones o permisos.</li> <li>Planear y gestionar de manera eficaz el espacio marino y sus recursos.</li> <li>Desarrollar y aplicar los estándares y las mejores prácticas que lleven a un aprovechamiento sostenible de los recursos marinos.</li> <li>Reconocer que la economía marítima y la terrestre están entrelazadas y que muchas de las amenazas para el mar se originan en tierra.</li> <li>Cooperar activamente, compartir información y conocimiento para alcanzar un futuro sostenible y próspero para todos.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ambivalencia_del_término_inglés_blue_economy"><span id="Ambivalencia_del_t.C3.A9rmino_ingl.C3.A9s_blue_economy"></span>Ambivalencia del término inglés <i>blue economy</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_azul&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Ambivalencia del término inglés blue economy"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En inglés <i>blue economy</i> se aplica: </p> <ol><li>a una escuela de pensamiento de la <a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_circular" title="Economía circular">economía circular</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>8<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> cuyo máximo exponente es el libro <i>The Blue Economy</i>, del economista y empresario Gunter Pauli; y</li> <li>a la definición de la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Europea" title="Unión Europea">Unión Europea</a> citada al comienzo de esta página.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_azul&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_circular" title="Economía circular">Economía circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_ecol%C3%B3gica" title="Economía ecológica">Economía ecológica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_naranja" class="mw-redirect" title="Economía naranja">Economía naranja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_real" title="Economía real">Economía real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Economy" title="The Blue Economy">The Blue Economy</a>, libro de Gunter Pauli</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Econom%C3%ADa_azul&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFAna_García13_de_junio_de_2017" class="citation web">Ana García (13 de junio de 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleconomista.es/economia/noticias/8425264/06/17/La-economia-azul-preve-crear-hasta-siete-millones-de-empleos-para-2020.html">«La 'economía azul' prevé crear hasta siete millones de empleos para 2020»</a>. <i>El Economista</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AEconom%C3%ADa+azul&rft.atitle=La+%27econom%C3%ADa+azul%27+prev%C3%A9+crear+hasta+siete+millones+de+empleos+para+2020&rft.au=Ana+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aulast=Ana+Garc%C3%ADa&rft.date=13+de+junio+de+2017&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Economista&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eleconomista.es%2Feconomia%2Fnoticias%2F8425264%2F06%2F17%2FLa-economia-azul-preve-crear-hasta-siete-millones-de-empleos-para-2020.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blue_economy_principles-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_economy_principles_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blue_economy_principles_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFWWF" class="citation libro">WWF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/15_1471_blue_economy_6_pages_final.pdf"><i>Principles for a Sustainable BLUE ECONOMY</i></a> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 13 de febrero de 2018</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AEconom%C3%ADa+azul&rft.au=WWF&rft.aulast=WWF&rft.btitle=Principles+for+a+Sustainable+BLUE+ECONOMY&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net%2Fdownloads%2F15_1471_blue_economy_6_pages_final.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWF_what_is_blue_ec-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_what_is_blue_ec_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF_what_is_blue_ec_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFWWF10_de_julio_de_2015" class="citation web">WWF, ed. (10 de julio de 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwf.panda.org/homepage.cfm?249111/What-a-blue-economy-really-is">«What a 'blue economy' really is – WWF’s perspective»</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AEconom%C3%ADa+azul&rft.btitle=What+a+%27blue+economy%27+really+is+%E2%80%93+WWF%E2%80%99s+perspective&rft.date=10+de+julio+de+2015&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwf.panda.org%2Fhomepage.cfm%3F249111%2FWhat-a-blue-economy-really-is&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.pactomundial.org/noticia/la-economia-azul-es-la-protagonista-esta-semana/">https://www.pactomundial.org/noticia/la-economia-azul-es-la-protagonista-esta-semana/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFAna_Isan2013" class="citation web">Ana Isan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125223448/https://www.ecologiaverde.com/que-es-la-economia-ecologica-212.html">«¿Qué es la economía ecológica?»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecologiaverde.com/que-es-la-economia-ecologica-212.html">el original</a> el 25 de noviembre de 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 13 de febrero de 2018</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AEconom%C3%ADa+azul&rft.au=Ana+Isan&rft.aulast=Ana+Isan&rft.btitle=%C2%BFQu%C3%A9+es+la+econom%C3%ADa+ecol%C3%B3gica%3F&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecologiaverde.com%2Fque-es-la-economia-ecologica-212.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/dgs/maritimeaffairs_fisheries/magazine/en/people/driving-blue-economy-forward">«Driving the Blue Economy forward»</a>. <i>Revista en línea de la Comisión Europea</i>. Diciembre de 2016.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AEconom%C3%ADa+azul&rft.atitle=Driving+the+Blue+Economy+forward&rft.date=Diciembre+de+2016&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+en+l%C3%ADnea+de+la+Comisi%C3%B3n+Europea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fdgs%2Fmaritimeaffairs_fisheries%2Fmagazine%2Fen%2Fpeople%2Fdriving-blue-economy-forward&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFComisión_Europea" class="citation web">Comisión Europea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/policy/blue_growth_en">«Blue growth»</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AEconom%C3%ADa+azul&rft.au=Comisi%C3%B3n+Europea&rft.aulast=Comisi%C3%B3n+Europea&rft.btitle=Blue+growth&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fmaritimeaffairs%2Fpolicy%2Fblue_growth_en&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation noticia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195608/https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/schools-of-thought/blue-economy">«Blue Economy - What Is It?»</a>. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/circular-economy/schools-of-thought/blue-economy">el original</a> el 13 de febrero de 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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