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C. G. Matthew & Brian Harrison |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Vol 52 (Spruce-Starakosch)|isbn=0-19-861402-0}}</ref> When Steer was three years old the family moved to Whitchurch near [[Monmouth]] from where, after a period of home schooling, he attended the [[Hereford Cathedral School]].<ref name=PWSteerWorks>{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/node/237221/default.shtm|title=Works by Philip Wilson Steer (1929) |access-date=21 October 2015|work=[[Tate]]}}</ref> After finding the examinations of the [[British Civil Service]] too demanding, he became an artist in 1878. He studied at the [[Gloucester]] School of Art and then from 1880 to 1881 at the [[South Kensington School of Art|South Kensington Drawing Schools]]. He was rejected by the [[Royal Academy of Art]], and so studied in Paris between 1882 and 1884, firstly at the [[Académie Julian]], and then in the [[École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts|École des Beaux Arts]] under [[Alexandre Cabanel]], where he became a follower of the [[Impressionist]] school.<ref name="Spalding"/> In Paris he was greatly influenced by seeing works by [[Édouard Manet]] and [[James McNeill Whistler]] and the French [[impressionist]]s.<ref name="Must See">{{cite book |editor=Stephen Farthing |editor-link=Stephen Farthing |publisher=Cassell Illustrated/Quintessence|year=2006|title=1001 Paintings You Must See Before You Die|isbn=978-1-84403-563-2}}</ref> When he returned to England, Steer established a studio in London and began to develop an impressionist style in which he depicted beach scenes and seascapes in a silvery translucent light.<ref name="ODNBpws"/> His painting of ''Poole Harbour'', completed in 1890, is an example of the outstanding atmospheric effects he was able to capture.<ref name="Must See"/> Steer often stayed at the [[Suffolk]] coastal town of [[Walberswick]] and the works he painted there are remarkable for their freshness and depiction of light and shade.<ref name="ODArt">{{cite book|author=Ian Chilvers|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Art|isbn=0-19-860476-9}}</ref> Works such as ''The Bridge'', ''The Beach at Walberswick'' (1890) and ''Girls Running: Walberswick Pier'' (1894) show Steer at the peak of his abilities.<ref name=Bridge>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-the-bridge-n05256 |title=Display caption, ''The Bridge'' |date=September 2004|access-date=21 October 2015|work=[[Tate]]}}</ref><ref name=PWSgirls>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-girls-running-walberswick-pier-n06008 |title=Display caption, ''Girls Running, Walberswick Pier'' (1888-94) |access-date=21 October 2015|work=[[Tate]]}}</ref> His misty Impressionist style is striking in such paintings as ''The Beach'' and ''Fisher Children''. Steer also painted scenes at nearby [[Southwold]].<ref name=PWSswold>{{cite web |url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-southwold-n05374 |title=Display caption, ''Southwold'' (c.1889) |access-date=21 October 2015|work=[[Tate]]}}</ref> [[File:ABDAG003034 - Philip Wilson Steer - The Horseshoe Bend of The Severn.jpeg|thumb|[[c:File:ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg|''The Horseshoe Bend of The Severn'' - ABDAG003034]]]] Between 1883 and 1885 Steer exhibited at the Royal Academy and in 1886 he became a founder of the [[New English Art Club]], with whom he continued to exhibit regularly. With [[Walter Sickert]] he became a leading British Impressionist, showing works at the London Impressionist exhibition held at the Goupil Gallery in 1889.<ref name="ODNBpws"/> Besides the French Impressionists he was influenced by [[James Abbott McNeill Whistler|Whistler]] and, later, such old masters as [[François Boucher]], [[Thomas Gainsborough]], [[John Constable]] and [[J. M. W. Turner]]. Steer was frequently criticised by conservative British critics for his impressionist works such as ''Boulogne Sands'', so much so that for a period he stopped showing his more adventurous works. In the 1890s as he moved away from French Impressionism, Steer's work received greater appreciation. Portraits, such as ''Girl Reading A Book'' from 1895, a portrait of Rose Pettigrew, his model and girlfriend, and ''Portrait of Mrs Raynes'' (1922) were well received.<ref name="ODNBpws"/> In 1887 Steer spent some time at the [[Etaples art colony]]. In the early 1890s he began to paint more in watercolours than he had previously. Between 1893 and 1911 he visited several sites associated with the 18th century picturesque tour.<ref name=PWSteerbio>{{cite web |author=Jane Munro|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/philip-wilson-steer-1990 |title=Artist biography:Philip Wilson Steer |access-date=21 October 2015|work=[[Tate]]}}</ref> In 1893 [[Frederick Brown (artist)|Frederick Brown]], the newly appointed Slade Professor of Art, appointed Steer as Professor of Painting at the [[Slade School of Fine Art]] in London. Steer would teach there, alongside Brown, [[Henry Tonks]] and [[Walter Westley Russell|Walter Russell]] until 1930. This group would continue the Slade tradition of realism in painting and drawing and would influence generations of young artists including [[Augustus John]], [[William Orpen]], [[Stanley Spencer]], [[Paul Nash (artist)|Paul Nash]] and [[Anna Airy]].<ref name="DBHcrisis">{{cite book|author=[[David Boyd Haycock]]|publisher=Old Street Publishing (London)|year=2009|title=A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War|isbn=978-1-905847-84-6}}</ref> Based in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], in the summers he painted in [[Yorkshire]], the [[Cotswolds]] and the West Country and on the south and east coasts of Britain. During [[World War I]] Steer was recruited by [[Lord Beaverbrook]], the chairman of the [[British War Memorials Committee]], to paint pictures of the [[Royal Navy]] and he spent some time painting naval formations at Dover.<ref name="Ferguson">{{cite book|author=John Ferguson|publisher=Stainer & Bell|year=1980|title=The Arts in Britain in World War 1 |isbn=0-85249-548-X}}</ref><ref name=IWMpws>{{cite web |author=Imperial War Museum|url=http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1050000377|title=First World War Art archive, Steer, P Wilson |access-date=21 October 2015|work=[[Imperial War Museum]]}}</ref> In 1927 Steer began to lose the sight in one eye but he continued to paint, although mostly in watercolours rather than in oils, and his compositions became much looser, at times almost abstract but by 1940 he had stopped painting.<ref name=PWSteerbio/> In 1931 he was awarded the [[Order of Merit]] and died in London, 18 March 1942. His self-portrait is in the collection in the [[Uffizi Gallery]], [[Florence]]. Steer never married and throughout his life was a hypochondriac but was also benign, modest, amusing and held in great regard by those who knew him.<ref name="ODArt"/> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Philip_Wilson_Steer" title="Philip Wilson Steer">Philip Wilson Steer</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Wilson_Steer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Wilson_Steer</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&action=edit&section=1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xn2z5","wgBackendResponseTime":239,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.057","walltime":"0.076","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 50.558 1 -total"," 99.87% 50.490 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 44.13% 22.310 2 Template:Replace"," 37.59% 19.006 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 33.98% 17.181 1 Template:Hidden"," 14.75% 7.455 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 14.07% 7.112 1 Template:Tlx"," 2.28% 1.152 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 2.12% 1.073 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"," 1.94% 0.980 1 Template:Hidden_end"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.010","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043313,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-xn2z5","timestamp":"20241124172907","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>