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This chapter argues that human behavior has evolved to be adaptive, and" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/16132072/14282132/15232899/s200_douglas.marshall.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/42202136/The_Biological_Logic_of_Human_Action_On_the_Considerable_Difference_Between_Rational_and_Adaptive_" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Biological Logic of Human Action: On the (Considerable) Difference Between "Rational" and "Adaptive"" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Modern democratic and capitalist societies are constructed and justified on a foundational assumption that human action conforms to the logic of instrumental rationality. This chapter argues that human behavior has evolved to be adaptive, and" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://southalabama.academia.edu/DougMarshall" /> <meta name="description" content="Modern democratic and capitalist societies are constructed and justified on a foundational assumption that human action conforms to the logic of instrumental rationality. This chapter argues that human behavior has evolved to be adaptive, and" /> <title>(DOC) The Biological Logic of Human Action: On the (Considerable) Difference Between "Rational" and "Adaptive" | Douglas A Marshall - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/42202136/The_Biological_Logic_of_Human_Action_On_the_Considerable_Difference_Between_Rational_and_Adaptive_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732468118000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732468118000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Modern democratic and capitalist societies are constructed and justified on a foundational assumption that human action conforms to the logic of instrumental rationality. This chapter argues that human behavior has evolved to be adaptive, and therefore adheres to a very different, biological, logic. After establishing the multi-layered reasons that human beings could not and did non evolve to be rational, it outlines the thoroughly social behavior capacities and dispositions that could and did evolve, and which together constitute the actual, adaptive, logic of human action. In a nutshell, the resultant model replaces the rationalist model of individualist, single-minded, amoral, materially maximizing, informed and calculating human actors with an empirically and theoretically substantiable model of groupish, distractible, moral, satisfycing, epistemologically conforming, and habitual actors. The chapter concludes with a consideration of several significant implications of the improved model for individuals, social science, and social policy/governance.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Douglas A Marshall"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-03-12","dateModified":"2020-03-12","datePublished":"2020-01-01","headline":"The Biological Logic of Human Action: On the (Considerable) Difference Between \"Rational\" and \"Adaptive\"","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Logic","Evolutionary sociology","Sociological Theory","Rationality","Biosociology"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"The Logic of Social Action","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/42202136/The_Biological_Logic_of_Human_Action_On_the_Considerable_Difference_Between_Rational_and_Adaptive_","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"southalabama"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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[{"id":62348324,"identifier":"Attachment_62348324","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":42202136,"created_at":"2020-03-12T07:57:31.611-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-17T17:11:16.366-08:00","_data":{"doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-37305-4_4","abstract":"Modern democratic and capitalist societies are constructed and justified on a foundational assumption that human action conforms to the logic of instrumental rationality. This chapter argues that human behavior has evolved to be adaptive, and therefore adheres to a very different, biological, logic. After establishing the multi-layered reasons that human beings could not and did non evolve to be rational, it outlines the thoroughly social behavior capacities and dispositions that could and did evolve, and which together constitute the actual, adaptive, logic of human action. In a nutshell, the resultant model replaces the rationalist model of individualist, single-minded, amoral, materially maximizing, informed and calculating human actors with an empirically and theoretically substantiable model of groupish, distractible, moral, satisfycing, epistemologically conforming, and habitual actors. The chapter concludes with a consideration of several significant implications of the improved model for individuals, social science, and social policy/governance. ","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"The Logic of Social Action"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"The Biological Logic of Human Action: On the (Considerable) Difference Between \"Rational\" and \"Adaptive\"","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [16132072]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":62348324,"attachmentType":"docx"}"><img alt="First page of “The Biological Logic of Human Action: On the (Considerable) Difference Between "Rational" and "Adaptive"”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62348324/mini_magick20200313-27871-h24ify.png?1584134682" /><img alt="Academia Logo" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A-971495bd31377b9367f5ce5ca92bbc27dd8a843db989cbce3408389c670b62c0.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free DOCX</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Biological Logic of Human Action: On the (Considerable) Difference Between "Rational" and "Adaptive"</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16132072" href="https://southalabama.academia.edu/DougMarshall"><img alt="Profile image of Douglas A Marshall" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/16132072/14282132/15232899/s65_douglas.marshall.jpg" />Douglas A Marshall</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, The Logic of Social Action</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Modern democratic and capitalist societies are constructed and justified on a foundational assumption that human action conforms to the logic of instrumental rationality. This chapter argues that human behavior has evolved to be adaptive, and therefore adheres to a very different, biological, logic. After establishing the multi-layered reasons that human beings could not and did non evolve to be rational, it outlines the thoroughly social behavior capacities and dispositions that could and did evolve, and which together constitute the actual, adaptive, logic of human action. In a nutshell, the resultant model replaces the rationalist model of individualist, single-minded, amoral, materially maximizing, informed and calculating human actors with an empirically and theoretically substantiable model of groupish, distractible, moral, satisfycing, epistemologically conforming, and habitual actors. The chapter concludes with a consideration of several significant implications of the improved model for individuals, social science, and social policy/governance. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":62348324,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42202136/The_Biological_Logic_of_Human_Action_On_the_Considerable_Difference_Between_Rational_and_Adaptive_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":62348324,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42202136/The_Biological_Logic_of_Human_Action_On_the_Considerable_Difference_Between_Rational_and_Adaptive_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="62348324" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/42202136/The_Biological_Logic_of_Human_Action_On_the_Considerable_Difference_Between_Rational_and_Adaptive_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="10017540" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10017540/Toward_an_evolutionary_theory_of_rationality">Toward an evolutionary theory of rationality</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3597496" href="https://unina.academia.edu/NelsonMauroMaldonato">Nelson Mauro Maldonato</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21843300" href="https://independent.academia.edu/silviadellorco">Silvia Dell'Orco</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Since the dawn of time, humankind’s singular ability to make decisions has allowed human beings to face innumerable environmental challenges and com- plex evolutionary dynamics. 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style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14862307" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14862307/Is_there_Still_a_Role_for_Rationality_in_Human_Affairs">Is there Still a Role for Rationality in Human Affairs</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33835085" href="https://iub-bd.academia.edu/samiulahmed">samiul ahmed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of Philosophy, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Is there Still a Role for Rationality in Human 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href="https://www.academia.edu/69728709/Why_the_Economic_Conception_of_Human_Behaviour_Might_Lack_a_Bio_logical_Basis_">Why the Economic Conception of Human Behaviour Might Lack a Bio- logical Basis*</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="105783" href="https://eur.academia.edu/JackVromen">Jack Vromen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT: In several recent papers Arthur Robson sketches evolutionary scenarios in order to explain why we humans evolved hard-wired utility functions and the capacity to choose flexibly on the basis of them. The-se scenarios are scrutinized minutely in the paper. It is pointed out that Robson ignores several relevant in-sightful ideas and distinctions that have surfaced in other contemporary evolutionary theorizing. A somew-hat different picture of human behavior emerges once these ideas and distinctions are taken seriously.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Why the Economic Conception of Human Behaviour Might Lack a Bio- logical Basis*","attachmentId":79712927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69728709/Why_the_Economic_Conception_of_Human_Behaviour_Might_Lack_a_Bio_logical_Basis_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69728709/Why_the_Economic_Conception_of_Human_Behaviour_Might_Lack_a_Bio_logical_Basis_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="10707337" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10707337/Can_evolution_get_us_off_the_hook_Evaluating_the_ecological_defence_of_human_rationality">Can evolution get us off the hook? Evaluating the ecological defence of human rationality </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="175482" href="https://royalholloway.academia.edu/RyanMcKay">Ryan McKay</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="692779" href="https://ugent.academia.edu/MaartenBoudry">Maarten Boudry</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper discusses the ecological case for epistemic innocence: does biased cognition have evolutionary benefits, and if so, does that exculpate human reasoners from irrationality? Proponents of ‘ecological rationality’ have challenged the bleak view of human reasoning emerging from research on biases and fallacies. If we approach the human mind as an adaptive toolbox, tailored to the structure of the environment, many alleged biases and fal- lacies turn out to be artefacts of narrow norms and artificial set-ups. However, we argue that putative demonstrations of ecological rationality involve subtle locus shifts in attribu- tions of rationality, conflating the adaptive rationale of heuristics with our own epistemic credentials. By contrast, other cases also involve an ecological reframing of human reason, but do not involve such problematic locus shifts. We discuss the difference between these cases, bringing clarity to the rationality debate.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Can evolution get us off the hook? Evaluating the ecological defence of human rationality ","attachmentId":36599397,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10707337/Can_evolution_get_us_off_the_hook_Evaluating_the_ecological_defence_of_human_rationality","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10707337/Can_evolution_get_us_off_the_hook_Evaluating_the_ecological_defence_of_human_rationality"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="51032485" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51032485/Can_we_remain_rational_in_the_large_world_On_some_unexpected_consequences_of_ecological_rationality">Can we remain rational in the large world? On some unexpected consequences of ecological rationality</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18101167" href="https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/MarcinGorazda">Marcin Gorazda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper outlines various concepts of rationality, their characteristics and consequences. In the first, most general part, the metaphysical, instrumental and discursive rationality is distinguished. The following part focuses on instrumental rationality and the rational choice theory and ordinal and cardinal utility, expected utility and game theory, respectively. All those concepts are summarised as being the most mathematically elegant and mostly decidable and helpful in the decision-making process. Giving primacy to individual preferences and withholding the judgment on their "objective" value, they are also devoid of double standards. They are, however, strongly normative and weakly coincide with actual agents' behaviour. Empirical findings on agents' decision making seem to demonstrate their irrationality, unless we introduce into the analysis different concepts of rationality, namely based on costs efficient heuristics, inclusive fitness and ecological rationality. They are discussed respectively, and although they seem better to explain the set of humans' seemingly irrational behaviour, they are likely week in predicting that behaviour. They are also losing their normative dimension and thus cease to be helpful in decision making. Applying the particular theory of rationality, either descriptively or normatively, seems to depend strongly on the environment, which can be characterised by its extension from a small to a large world. The more the small world's features an environment reveals, the more effective is the application of the particular model of rationality. Beyond the small worlds, rule stochasticity, underspecification and misspecification and the only reasonable method are consecutive trials and errors, which eventually may reduce the large world to the small one.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Can we remain rational in the large world? On some unexpected consequences of ecological rationality","attachmentId":68901634,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51032485/Can_we_remain_rational_in_the_large_world_On_some_unexpected_consequences_of_ecological_rationality","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51032485/Can_we_remain_rational_in_the_large_world_On_some_unexpected_consequences_of_ecological_rationality"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62348324,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62348324,"attachmentType":"docx","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_62348324" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="94165209" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94165209/IX_In_Defence_of_Individual_Rationality">IX—In Defence of Individual Rationality</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="75838926" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmaBorg3">Emma Borg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"IX—In Defence of Individual Rationality","attachmentId":96699000,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94165209/IX_In_Defence_of_Individual_Rationality","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94165209/IX_In_Defence_of_Individual_Rationality"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="35801821" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35801821/The_Rational_Human_Condition_1_Preface_and_General_Introduction_Supplementary_Essays_and_General_Bibliography_Nova_Science_2018_">The Rational Human Condition 1—Preface and General Introduction, Supplementary Essays, and General Bibliography (Nova Science, 2018)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="284420" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/RobertHanna">Robert Hanna</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Rational Human Condition 1—Preface and General Introduction, Supplementary Essays, and General Bibliography (Nova Science, 2018)","attachmentId":57739791,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35801821/The_Rational_Human_Condition_1_Preface_and_General_Introduction_Supplementary_Essays_and_General_Bibliography_Nova_Science_2018_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/35801821/The_Rational_Human_Condition_1_Preface_and_General_Introduction_Supplementary_Essays_and_General_Bibliography_Nova_Science_2018_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4037800" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4037800/Curry_O_2004_24_November_Rational_choice_theory_in_biology_and_economics_Working_Paper_Workshop_In_Political_Theory_and_Policy_Analysis_Bloomington_IN">Curry, O. (2004, 24 November). Rational choice theory in biology and economics. Working Paper. Workshop In Political Theory and Policy Analysis. Bloomington, IN. </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="114810" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/OliverScottCurry">Oliver Scott Curry</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Curry, O. (2004, 24 November). Rational choice theory in biology and economics. Working Paper. Workshop In Political Theory and Policy Analysis. Bloomington, IN. ","attachmentId":32379442,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4037800/Curry_O_2004_24_November_Rational_choice_theory_in_biology_and_economics_Working_Paper_Workshop_In_Political_Theory_and_Policy_Analysis_Bloomington_IN","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4037800/Curry_O_2004_24_November_Rational_choice_theory_in_biology_and_economics_Working_Paper_Workshop_In_Political_Theory_and_Policy_Analysis_Bloomington_IN"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="23695286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23695286/Social_rationality_as_a_unified_model_of_man_including_bounded_rationality_">Social rationality as a unified model of man (including bounded rationality)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42702" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SiegwartLindenberg">Siegwart Lindenberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Management and Governance, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Social rationality as a unified model of man (including bounded rationality)","attachmentId":44101752,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23695286/Social_rationality_as_a_unified_model_of_man_including_bounded_rationality_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23695286/Social_rationality_as_a_unified_model_of_man_including_bounded_rationality_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="23695360" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23695360/Lindenberg_S_2001_Social_rationality_as_a_unified_model_of_man_including_bounded_rationality_Journal_of_Management_and_Governance_5_239_251">Lindenberg, S. (2001). ‘Social rationality as a unified model of man (including bounded rationality)’, Journal of Management and Governance 5: 239-251</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42702" href="https://rug.academia.edu/SiegwartLindenberg">Siegwart Lindenberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Management and Governance</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lindenberg, S. (2001). ‘Social rationality as a unified model of man (including bounded rationality)’, Journal of Management and Governance 5: 239-251","attachmentId":44101805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23695360/Lindenberg_S_2001_Social_rationality_as_a_unified_model_of_man_including_bounded_rationality_Journal_of_Management_and_Governance_5_239_251","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23695360/Lindenberg_S_2001_Social_rationality_as_a_unified_model_of_man_including_bounded_rationality_Journal_of_Management_and_Governance_5_239_251"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="93461019" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93461019/Introduction_Bounded_Rationality_of_Economic_Man_New_Frontiers_in_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Bioeconomics">Introduction: Bounded Rationality of Economic Man: New Frontiers in Evolutionary Psychology and Bioeconomics</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6153137" href="https://independent.academia.edu/XTWang">XT Wang</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction: Bounded Rationality of Economic Man: New Frontiers in Evolutionary Psychology and Bioeconomics","attachmentId":96192941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93461019/Introduction_Bounded_Rationality_of_Economic_Man_New_Frontiers_in_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Bioeconomics","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93461019/Introduction_Bounded_Rationality_of_Economic_Man_New_Frontiers_in_Evolutionary_Psychology_and_Bioeconomics"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="35069301" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35069301/Human_now_versus_human_over_time_When_instrumental_rationality_and_utility_are_not_enough">Human now versus human over time. When instrumental rationality and utility are not enough</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16395236" href="https://ue-wroc.academia.edu/AleksanderOstapiuk">Aleksander Ostapiuk</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Panoeconomicus , 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human now versus human over time. 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data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9929234/The_evolution_of_social_and_moral_behavior_Evolutionary_insights_for_public_policy">The evolution of social and moral behavior: Evolutionary insights for public policy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24116139" href="https://essex.academia.edu/millionairegroup">millionaire group</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ecological Economics, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The evolution of social and moral behavior: Evolutionary insights for public 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