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href="#Miscellaneous_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Miscellaneous features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multi-mode_and_multi-band_mobile_phones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multi-mode_and_multi-band_mobile_phones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Multi-mode and multi-band mobile phones</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Multi-mode_and_multi-band_mobile_phones-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Multi-mode and multi-band mobile phones subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Multi-mode_and_multi-band_mobile_phones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Challenges_in_producing_multi-mode_phones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Challenges_in_producing_multi-mode_phones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Challenges in producing multi-mode phones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Challenges_in_producing_multi-mode_phones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_communications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_communications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Data communications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_communications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vulnerability_to_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vulnerability_to_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vulnerability to viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vulnerability_to_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cameras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cameras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Cameras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cameras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Phone_hardware.png/220px-Phone_hardware.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Phone_hardware.png/330px-Phone_hardware.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Phone_hardware.png/440px-Phone_hardware.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Hardware-side view of a typical smartphone</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>mobile phone feature</b> is a capability, service, or application that a mobile phone offers to its users. Mobile phones are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a>, and offer basic telephony.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native code try to differentiate their own products by implementing additional functions to make them more attractive to consumers. This has led to great innovation in mobile phone development over the past 20 years. </p><p>The common components found on all phones are: </p> <ul><li>A number of <a href="/wiki/Metal%E2%80%93oxide%E2%80%93semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal–oxide–semiconductor">metal–oxide–semiconductor</a> (MOS) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) chips.</li> <li>A battery (typically a <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a>), providing the power source for the phone functions.</li> <li>An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is a <a href="/wiki/Keypad" title="Keypad">keypad</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Touch_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch screen">touch screens</a> are also found in smartphones.</li> <li>Basic <a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">mobile phone services</a> to allow users to make calls and send text messages.</li> <li>All <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> phones use a <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> to allow an account to be swapped among devices. Some <a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> devices also have a similar card called a <a href="/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Module" title="Removable User Identity Module">R-UIM</a>.</li> <li>Individual GSM, WCDMA, IDEN and some satellite phone devices are uniquely identified by an <a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity" title="International Mobile Equipment Identity">International Mobile Equipment Identity</a> (IMEI) number.</li></ul> <p>All mobile phones are designed to work on <a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular networks</a> and contain a <a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">standard set of services</a> that allow phones of different types and in different countries to communicate with each other. However, they can also support other features added by various manufacturers over the years: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">roaming</a> which permits the same phone to be used in multiple countries, providing that the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">operators</a> of both countries have a <a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">roaming agreement</a>.</li> <li>send and receive data and <a href="/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">faxes</a> (if a computer is attached), access <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a> services, and provide full <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> access using technologies such as <a href="/wiki/GPRS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPRS">GPRS</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application development">applications</a> like a <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alarm_clock" title="Alarm clock">alarm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contact_list" title="Contact list">contacts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a> and a few games.</li> <li>Sending and receiving pictures and videos (by without internet) through <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a>, and for short distances with e.g. <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>.</li> <li>In Multimedia phones Bluetooth is commonly but important Feature.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> receivers integrated or connected (i.e. using <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>) to cell phones, primarily to aid in <a href="/wiki/Dispatching" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispatching">dispatching</a> <a href="/wiki/Emergency_responders" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency responders">emergency responders</a> and road <a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">tow truck</a> services. This feature is generally referred to as <a href="/wiki/E911#Wireless_enhanced_911" class="mw-redirect" title="E911">E911</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PoC_radio" title="PoC radio">Push to Talk over Cellular</a>, available on some mobile phones, is a feature that allows the user to be heard only while the talk button is held, similar to a <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">walkie-talkie</a>.</li> <li>A hardware <a href="/wiki/Notification_LED" title="Notification LED">notification LED</a> on some phones.</li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MOS_integrated_circuit_chips">MOS integrated circuit chips</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: MOS integrated circuit chips"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A typical smartphone contains a number of <a href="/wiki/Metal%E2%80%93oxide%E2%80%93semiconductor" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal–oxide–semiconductor">metal–oxide–semiconductor</a> (MOS) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) chips,<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in turn contain billions of tiny <a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOS field-effect transistors</a> (MOSFETs).<sup id="cite_ref-uspto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uspto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical smartphone contains the following MOS IC chips.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">Application processor</a> (<a href="/wiki/CMOS" title="CMOS">CMOS</a> <a href="/wiki/System-on-a-chip" class="mw-redirect" title="System-on-a-chip">system-on-a-chip</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Floating-gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating-gate">floating-gate</a> <a href="/wiki/MOS_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS memory">MOS memory</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular modem">Cellular modem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baseband" title="Baseband">baseband</a> <a href="/wiki/RF_CMOS" title="RF CMOS">RF CMOS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RF_transceiver" class="mw-redirect" title="RF transceiver">RF transceiver</a> (<a href="/wiki/RF_CMOS" title="RF CMOS">RF CMOS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Phone camera">Phone camera</a> <a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">image sensor</a> (<a href="/wiki/CMOS_image_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="CMOS image sensor">CMOS image sensor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_management_integrated_circuit" title="Power management integrated circuit">Power management integrated circuit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Power_MOSFET" title="Power MOSFET">power MOSFETs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_driver" title="Display driver">Display driver</a> (<a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> or <a href="/wiki/LED_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="LED driver">LED driver</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless communication">Wireless communication</a> chips (<a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS_receiver" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS receiver">GPS receiver</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_chip" title="Sound chip">Sound chip</a> (<a href="/wiki/Audio_codec" title="Audio codec">audio codec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Power_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Power amplifier">power amplifier</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">Gyroscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capacitive_sensing" title="Capacitive sensing">Capacitive</a> <a href="/wiki/Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> controller (<a href="/wiki/ASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIC">ASIC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_signal_processor" title="Digital signal processor">DSP</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Kim_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RF_power_amplifier" title="RF power amplifier">RF power amplifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/LDMOS" title="LDMOS">LDMOS</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Baliga2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baliga2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Asif_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asif-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NXP-LDMOS_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NXP-LDMOS-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="User_interface">User interface</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: User interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg/220px-Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg/330px-Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg/440px-Nokia_3720_buttons.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Key pad of a <a href="/wiki/Nokia_3720" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokia 3720">Nokia 3720</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Besides the number keypad and buttons for accepting and declining calls (typically from left to right and coloured green and red respectively), button mobile phones commonly feature two option keys, one to the left and one to the right, and a four-directional <a href="/wiki/D-pad" title="D-pad">D-pad</a> which may feature a center button which acts in resemblance to an <a href="/wiki/Enter_key" title="Enter key">"Enter"</a> and <a href="/wiki/OK#Computers" title="OK">"OK" button</a>. </p><p>A pushable <a href="/wiki/Scroll_wheel" title="Scroll wheel">scroll wheel</a> has been implemented in the 1990s on the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_7110" title="Nokia 7110">Nokia 7110</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software,_applications_and_services"><span id="Software.2C_applications_and_services"></span>Software, applications and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Software, applications and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mobile_phone_feature" title="Special:EditPage/Mobile phone feature">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mobile+phone+feature%22">"Mobile phone feature"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mobile+phone+feature%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mobile+phone+feature%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mobile+phone+feature%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mobile+phone+feature%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mobile+phone+feature%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phone_software.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Phone_software.png/220px-Phone_software.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Phone_software.png/330px-Phone_software.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Phone_software.png/440px-Phone_software.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Software-side view of a typical smartphone</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Industry_Processor_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Industry Processor Interface">Mobile Industry Processor Interface</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating system</a>, <a href="/wiki/App_store" title="App store">App store</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Mobile app</a></div> <p>In early stages, every mobile phone company had its own user interface, which can be considered as "closed" operating system, since there was a minimal configurability. A limited variety of basic applications (usually games, accessories like calculator or conversion tool and so on) was usually included with the phone and those were not available otherwise. Early mobile phones included basic web browser, for reading basic <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a> pages. Handhelds (<a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">Personal digital assistants</a> like <a href="/wiki/Palm_(PDA)" title="Palm (PDA)">Palm</a>, running <a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a>) were more sophisticated and also included more advanced browser and a touch screen (for use with stylus), but these were not broadly used, comparing to standard phones. Other capabilities like Pulling and Pushing Emails or working with calendar were also made more accessible but it usually required physical (and not wireless) <a href="/wiki/Data_synchronization" title="Data synchronization">Syncing</a>. <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> 850, an email pager, released January 19, 1999, was the first device to integrate Email. </p><p>A major step towards a more "open" mobile OS was the symbian <a href="/wiki/S60_(software_platform)" title="S60 (software platform)">S60</a> OS, that could be expanded by downloading software (written in C++, java or python), and its appearance was more configurable. In July 2008, Apple introduced its <a href="/wiki/App_store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App store (iOS)">App store</a>, which made downloading <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile applications</a> more accessible. In October 2008, the <a href="/wiki/HTC_Dream" title="HTC Dream">HTC Dream</a> was the first commercially released device to use the Linux-based <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> OS, which was purchased and further developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance to create an open competitor to other major smartphone platforms of the time (Mainly Symbian operating system, BlackBerry OS, and iOS)-The operating system offered a customizable graphical user interface and a notification system showing a list of recent messages pushed from apps. </p><p>The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. </p><p>The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000. <a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">Mobile news</a> services are expanding with many organizations providing "on-demand" news services by SMS. Some also provide "instant" news pushed out by SMS. </p><p>Mobile payments were first trialled in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in Espoo were enabled to work with SMS payments. Eventually, the idea spread and in 1999 the Philippines launched the first commercial mobile payments systems, on the mobile operators Globe and Smart. Today, mobile payments ranging from <a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">mobile banking</a> to mobile credit cards to mobile commerce are very widely used in Asia and Africa, and in selected European markets. Usually, the SMS services utilize <a href="/wiki/Short_code" title="Short code">short code</a>. </p><p>Some network operators have utilized <a href="/wiki/USSD" class="mw-redirect" title="USSD">USSD</a> for information, entertainment or finance services (e.g. <a href="/wiki/M-Pesa" title="M-Pesa">M-Pesa</a>). </p><p>Other non-SMS data services used on mobile phones include mobile music, downloadable logos and pictures, gaming, gambling, adult entertainment and advertising. The first downloadable mobile content was sold to a mobile phone in Finland in 1998, when Radiolinja (now Elisa) introduced the downloadable ringtone service. In 1999, Japanese mobile operator NTT DoCoMo introduced its mobile Internet service, <a href="/wiki/I-Mode" class="mw-redirect" title="I-Mode">i-Mode</a>, which today is the world's largest mobile Internet service. </p><p>Even after the appearance of smartphones, network operators have continued to offer information services, although in some places, those services have become less common. </p><p>Power supply </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg/220px-Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg/330px-Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg/440px-Uganda_mobile_phone_charging_service.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>Mobile phone charging service in Uganda</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png/220px-PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png/330px-PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png/440px-PSU_no_load_5_star_rating_chart.png 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>The world's five largest handset makers introduced a new rating system in November 2008 to help consumers more easily identify the most energy-efficient chargers.<sup id="cite_ref-starrating_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-starrating-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Mobile phones generally obtain power from <a href="/wiki/Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">rechargeable</a> batteries. There are a variety of ways used to charge cell phones, including <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a>, portable batteries, mains power (using an <a href="/wiki/AC_adapter" title="AC adapter">AC adapter</a>), cigarette lighters (using an adapter), or a <a href="/wiki/Dynamo#Modern" title="Dynamo">dynamo</a>. In 2009, the first wireless charger was released for consumer use.<sup id="cite_ref-goingcellular_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goingcellular-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some manufacturers have been experimenting with alternative power sources, including <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various initiatives, such as the EU <a href="/wiki/Common_External_Power_Supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Common External Power Supply">Common External Power Supply</a> have been announced to standardize the interface to the charger, and to promote energy efficiency of mains-operated chargers. A star rating system is promoted by some manufacturers, where the most efficient chargers consume less than 0.03 watts and obtain a five-star rating. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battery">Battery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most modern mobile phones use a <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ieee_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ieee-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sony-Energy_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sony-Energy-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular early mobile phone battery was the <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride_battery" title="Nickel–metal hydride battery">nickel metal-hydride</a> (NiMH) type, due to its relatively small size and low weight. Lithium-ion batteries later became commonly used, as they are lighter and do not have the <a href="/wiki/Memory_effect#Voltage_depression_due_to_over-charging" title="Memory effect">voltage depression due to long-term over-charging</a> that nickel metal-hydride batteries do. Many mobile phone manufacturers use <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_polymer_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium-ion polymer battery">lithium–polymer batteries</a> as opposed to the older lithium-ion, the main advantages being even lower weight and the possibility to make the battery a shape other than strict cuboid.<sup id="cite_ref-batteryguide_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batteryguide-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SIM_card">SIM card</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SIM card"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Subscriber Identity Module">Subscriber Identity Module</a> and <a href="/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Module" title="Removable User Identity Module">Removable User Identity Module</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/220px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/330px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/440px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>Typical mobile phone with <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> mobile phones require a small <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">microchip</a> called a Subscriber Identity Module or <a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a>, to function. The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit. The SIM securely stores the <a href="/wiki/International_Mobile_Subscriber_Identity" class="mw-redirect" title="International Mobile Subscriber Identity">service-subscriber key (IMSI)</a> used to identify a subscriber on mobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). The SIM card allows users to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device. </p><p>A SIM card contains its unique serial number, internationally unique number of the mobile user (<a href="/wiki/International_mobile_subscriber_identity" title="International mobile subscriber identity">IMSI</a>), security authentication and ciphering information, temporary information related to the local network, a list of the services the user has access to and two passwords (PIN for usual use and PUK for unlocking). </p><p>SIM cards are available in three standard sizes. The first is the size of a credit card (85.60 mm × 53.98 mm x 0.76 mm, defined by <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">ISO/IEC 7810</a> as ID-1). The newer, most popular miniature version has the same thickness but a length of 25 mm and a width of 15 mm (ISO/IEC 7810 ID-000), and has one of its corners truncated (chamfered) to prevent misinsertion. The newest incarnation known as the 3FF or micro-SIM has dimensions of 15 mm × 12 mm. Most cards of the two smaller sizes are supplied as a full-sized card with the smaller card held in place by a few plastic links; it can easily be broken off to be used in a device that uses the smaller SIM. </p><p>The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card maker <a href="/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrient" class="mw-redirect" title="Giesecke & Devrient">Giesecke & Devrient</a> for the Finnish wireless network operator <a href="/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a>. Giesecke & Devrient sold the first 300 SIM cards to Elisa (ex. Radiolinja). </p><p>Those cell phones that do not use a SIM card have the data programmed into their memory. This data is accessed by using a special digit sequence to access the "NAM" as in "Name" or number programming menu. From there, information can be added, including a new number for the phone, new Service Provider numbers, new emergency numbers, new Authentication Key or A-Key code, and a Preferred Roaming List or PRL. However, to prevent the phone being accidentally disabled or removed from the network, the Service Provider typically locks this data with a Master Subsidiary Lock (MSL). The MSL also <a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">locks</a> the device to a particular carrier when it is sold as a <a href="/wiki/Loss_leader" title="Loss leader">loss leader</a>. </p><p>The MSL applies only to the SIM, so once the contract has expired, the MSL still applies to the SIM. The phone, however, is also initially locked by the manufacturer into the Service Provider's MSL. This lock may be disabled so that the phone can use other Service Providers' SIM cards. Most phones purchased outside the U.S. are unlocked phones because there are numerous Service Providers that are close to one another or have overlapping coverage. The cost to unlock a phone varies but is usually very cheap and is sometimes provided by independent phone vendors. </p><p>A similar module called a <a href="/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Module" title="Removable User Identity Module">Removable User Identity Module</a> or RUIM card is present in some CDMA networks, notably in China and Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multi-card_hybrid_phones">Multi-card hybrid phones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Multi-card hybrid phones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A hybrid mobile phone can take more than one SIM card, even of different types. The SIM and RUIM cards can be mixed together, and some phones also support three or four SIMs.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2010 onwards they became popular in India and Indonesia and other emerging markets,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest on-net calling rate. In Q3 2011, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> shipped 18 million of its low cost dual SIM phone range in an attempt to make up lost ground in the higher end smartphone market.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Display">Display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Display_device" title="Display device">Display device</a></div> <p>Mobile phones have a display device, some of which are also <a href="/wiki/Touch_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch screen">touch screens</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Two-dimensional_display_size" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-dimensional display size">screen size</a> varies greatly by model and is usually specified either as width and height in pixels or the diagonal measured in <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a>. </p><p>Some phones have more than one display, for example the <a href="/wiki/Kyocera_Echo" title="Kyocera Echo">Kyocera Echo</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> with a dual 3.5 inch screen. The screens can also be combined into a single 4.7 inch <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet style computer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artificial intelligence is the hot center of the technology industry, especially with the introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini. The AI revolution, which is underway, has affected the semiconductor market and we have seen chipmaker stocks skyrocket with it. However, semiconductor stocks are not the only beneficiaries, data centers also benefit greatly from the surge in AI. </p><p>According to Future Market Intelligence, the data center market is estimated at around $30.4 billion during 2024, it is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 14.4% to reach $117.24 billion by 2034. Data centers were in demand before the AI boom as well, with data from Jefferies showing their demand rising 10% to 20% for the last 15 years before AI. However, AI accelerated the market to around 30% in just two years. Read more <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techgiggles.com/an-undervalued-tech-stock-to-buy-now/">here</a>: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Central_processing_unit">Central processing unit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Central processing unit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mobile phones have <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">central processing units</a> (CPUs), similar to those in computers, but optimised to operate in low power environments. In smartphones, the CPU is typically integrated in a <a href="/wiki/System-on-a-chip" class="mw-redirect" title="System-on-a-chip">system-on-a-chip</a> (SoC) application <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">processor</a>. </p><p>Mobile CPU performance depends not only on the clock rate (generally given in multiples of <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but also the <a href="/wiki/Memory_hierarchy" title="Memory hierarchy">memory hierarchy</a> also greatly affects overall performance. Because of these problems, the performance of mobile phone CPUs is often more appropriately given by scores derived from various standardized tests to measure the real effective performance in commonly used applications. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous_features">Miscellaneous features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other features that may be found on mobile phones include <a href="/wiki/GPS_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS navigation">GPS navigation</a>, music (MP3) and video (<a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a>) playback, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Data_System" title="Radio Data System">RDS</a> radio receiver, built-in projector, vibration and other "silent" ring options, alarms, memo recording, <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">personal digital assistant</a> functions, ability to watch <a href="/wiki/Streaming_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Streaming video">streaming video</a>, video download, <a href="/wiki/Video_calling" class="mw-redirect" title="Video calling">video calling</a>, built-in cameras (1.0+ <a href="/wiki/Megapixel" class="mw-redirect" title="Megapixel">Mpx</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Camcorder" title="Camcorder">camcorders</a> (video recording), with <a href="/wiki/Autofocus" title="Autofocus">autofocus</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (December 2011)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mobile_phone_feature#Dubious" title="Talk:Mobile phone feature">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and flash, <a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtones</a>, games, <a href="/wiki/Push_to_talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Push to talk">PTT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memory_card_reader" title="Memory card reader">memory card reader</a> (SD), <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> (2.0), dual line support, infrared, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> (2.0) and <a href="/wiki/WiFi" class="mw-redirect" title="WiFi">WiFi</a> connectivity, <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a>, Internet e-mail and <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">browsing</a> and serving as a <a href="/wiki/Wireless_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless modem">wireless modem</a>. </p><p>The first smartphone was the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_9000_Communicator" title="Nokia 9000 Communicator">Nokia 9000 Communicator</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mobile_phone_feature#Dubious" title="Talk:Mobile phone feature">discuss</a></i>]</sup> in 1996 which added <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDA</a> functionality to the basic mobile phone at the time. As miniaturization and increased processing power of microchips has enabled ever more features to be added to phones, the concept of the smartphone has evolved, and what was a high-end smartphone five years ago, is a standard phone today. </p><p>Several phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment, such as the RIM <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email needs; the SonyEricsson Walkman series of musicphones and Cybershot series of cameraphones; the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Nseries" title="Nokia Nseries">Nokia Nseries</a> of multimedia phones, the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Pre" title="Palm Pre">Palm Pre</a> the <a href="/wiki/HTC_Dream" title="HTC Dream">HTC Dream</a> and the Apple <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> and the University of Cambridge demonstrated a bendable cell phone called the Morph.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some phones have an electromechanical <a href="/wiki/Transducer" title="Transducer">transducer</a> on the back which changes the electrical voice signal into mechanical vibrations. The vibrations flow through the cheek bones or forehead allowing the user to hear the conversation. This is useful in the noisy situations or if the user is hard of hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2018, there are smartphones that offer reverse wireless charging.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multi-mode_and_multi-band_mobile_phones">Multi-mode and multi-band mobile phones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Multi-mode and multi-band mobile phones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most mobile phone networks are digital and use the <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> or <a href="/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a> standard which operate at <a href="/wiki/Radio_frequency" title="Radio frequency">various radio frequencies</a>. These phones can only be used with a service plan from the same company. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Verizon" title="Verizon">Verizon</a> phone cannot be used with a <a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_International_AG" class="mw-redirect" title="T-Mobile International AG">T-Mobile</a> service, and vica versa. </p><p>A multi-mode phone operates across different standards whereas a multi-band phone (also known more specifically as <a href="/wiki/Dual_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual band">dual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triband_(telephone)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triband (telephone)">tri</a> or <a href="/wiki/Quad_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad band">quad band</a>) mobile phone is a phone which is designed to work on more than one <a href="/wiki/GSM_frequency_ranges" class="mw-redirect" title="GSM frequency ranges">radio frequency</a>. Some multi-mode phones can operate on analog networks as well (for example, dual band, tri-mode: <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> 800 / <a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> 800 / CDMA 1900). </p><p>For a GSM phone, dual-band usually means 850 / 1900 MHz in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, 900 / 1800 MHz in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and most other countries. Tri-band means 850 / 1800 / 1900 MHz or 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz. Quad-band means 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 MHz, also called a world phone, since it can work on any GSM network. </p><p>Multi-band phones have been valuable to enable <a href="#International_roaming">roaming</a> whereas multi-mode phones helped to introduce <a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a> features without customers having to give up the wide coverage of <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>. Almost every single true <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> phone sold is actually a WCDMA/GSM <i>dual-mode</i> mobile. This is also true of <a href="/wiki/2.75G" class="mw-redirect" title="2.75G">2.75G</a> phones such as those based on CDMA-2000 or EDGE. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Challenges_in_producing_multi-mode_phones">Challenges in producing multi-mode phones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Challenges in producing multi-mode phones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The special challenge involved in producing a multi-mode mobile is in finding ways to share the components between the different standards. The phone keypad and display should be shared, otherwise it would be hard to treat as one phone. Beyond that, though, there are challenges at each level of integration. How difficult these challenges are depends on the differences between systems. When talking about IS-95/GSM multi-mode phones, for example, or AMPS/IS-95 phones, the base band processing is very different from system to system. This leads to real difficulties in component integration and so to larger phones. </p><p>An interesting special case of multi-mode phones is the WCDMA/GSM phone. The radio interfaces are very different from each other, but mobile to core network messaging has strong similarities, meaning that software sharing is quite easy. Probably more importantly, the WCDMA air interface has been designed with GSM compatibility in mind. It has a special mode of operation, known as punctured mode, in which, instead of transmitting continuously, the mobile is able to stop sending for a short period and try searching for GSM carriers in the area. This mode allows for safe inter-frequency handovers with channel measurements which can only be approximated using "pilot signals" in other <a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> based systems. </p><p>A final interesting case is that of mobiles covering the <a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">DS-WCDMA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multi-carrier_code-division_multiple_access" title="Multi-carrier code-division multiple access">MC-CDMA</a> <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> variants of the <a href="/wiki/CDMA-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA-2000">CDMA-2000</a> protocol. Initially, the <a href="/wiki/Chip_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip rate">chip rate</a> of these phones was incompatible. As part of the negotiations related to <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patents</a>, it was agreed to use compatible chip rates. This should mean that, despite the fact that the air and system interfaces are quite different, even on a philosophical level, much of the hardware for each system inside a phone should be common with differences being mostly confined to software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_communications">Data communications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Data communications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Internet">Mobile Internet</a></div> <p>Mobile phones are now heavily used for data communications. such as <a href="/wiki/Short_message_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short message service">SMS</a> messages, browsing mobile <a href="/wiki/Web_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Web sites">web sites</a>, and even streaming audio and video files. The main limiting factors are the size of the screen, lack of a keyboard, processing power and connection speed. Most cellphones, which supports data communications, can be used as <a href="/wiki/Wireless_modem" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless modem">wireless modems</a> (via cable or bluetooth), to connect computer to internet. Such access method is slow and expensive, but it can be available in very remote areas. </p><p>With newer <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a>, screen resolution and processing power has become bigger and better. Some new phone <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPUs</a> run at over 1 GHz. Many complex programs are now available for the various smartphones, such as <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a>. </p><p>Connection speed is based on network support. Originally data transfers over GSM networks were possible only over <a href="/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD</a> (circuit switched data), it has bandwidth of 9600 bit/s and usually is billed by connection time (from network point of view, it does not differ much from voice call). Later, there were introduced improved version of CSD – <a href="/wiki/High-Speed_Circuit-Switched_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data">HSCSD</a> (high speed CSD), it could use multiple time slots for downlink, improving speed. Maximum speed for HSCSD is ~42 kbit/s, it also is billed by time. Later was introduced <a href="/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a> (general packet radio service), which operates on completely different principle. It also can use multiple time slots for transfer, but it does not tie up radio resources, when not transferring data (as opposed to CSD and like). GPRS usually is prioritized under voice and CSD, so latencies are large and variable. Later, GPRS was upgraded to <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE</a>, which differs mainly by radio modulation, squeezing more data capacity in same radio bandwidth. GPRS and EDGE usually are billed by data traffic volume. Some phones also feature full <a href="/wiki/Qwerty_keyboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Qwerty keyboard">Qwerty keyboards</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/LG_enV_(VX9900)" title="LG enV (VX9900)">LG enV</a>. </p><p>As of April 2006, several models, such as the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_6680" title="Nokia 6680">Nokia 6680</a>, support <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> communications. Such phones have access to the Web via a free download of the <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> web browser. <a href="/wiki/Verizon_Wireless" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Wireless">Verizon Wireless</a> models come with <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> pre-loaded onto the phone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vulnerability_to_viruses">Vulnerability to viruses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vulnerability to viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobile_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile virus">Mobile virus</a></div> <p>As more complex features are added to phones, they become more vulnerable to viruses which exploit weaknesses in these features. Even <a href="/wiki/Text_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Text message">text messages</a> can be used in attacks by <a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">worms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advanced phones capable of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mail">e-mail</a> can be susceptible to viruses that can multiply by sending messages through a phone's address book.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In some phone models, the <a href="/wiki/USSD" class="mw-redirect" title="USSD">USSD</a> was exploited for inducing a <a href="/wiki/Factory_reset" title="Factory reset">factory reset</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in clearing the data and resetting the user settings. </p><p>A virus may allow unauthorized users to access a phone to find <a href="/wiki/Password" title="Password">passwords</a> or corporate <a href="/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> stored on the device. Moreover, they can be used to commandeer the phone to make calls or send messages at the owner's expense.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mobile phones used to have proprietary <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> unique only to the manufacturer which had the beneficial effect of making it harder to design a mass attack. However, the rise of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile application development">software platforms and operating systems</a> shared by many manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> operating systems, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Symbian_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbian OS">Symbian OS</a>, may increase the spread of viruses in the future. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> is a feature now found in many higher-end phones, and the virus <a href="/wiki/Caribe_(computer_worm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribe (computer worm)">Caribe</a> hijacked this function, making Bluetooth phones infect other Bluetooth phones running the Symbian OS. In early November 2004, several web sites began offering a specific piece of <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> promising <a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Screensaver" title="Screensaver">screensavers</a> for certain phones. Those who downloaded the software found that it turned each <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">icon</a> on the phone's screen into a skull-and-crossbones and disabled their phones, so they could no longer send or receive text messages or access contact lists or <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendars</a>. The virus has since been dubbed "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Skulls_Virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skulls Virus (page does not exist)">Skulls</a>" by security experts. The <a href="/wiki/Commwarrior-A" class="mw-redirect" title="Commwarrior-A">Commwarrior-A</a> virus was identified in March 2005, and it attempts to replicate itself through <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a> to others on the phone's contact list. Like Cabir, Commwarrior-A also tries to communicate via Bluetooth wireless connections with other devices, which can eventually lead to draining the battery. The virus requires user intervention for propagation however. </p><p>Bluetooth phones are also subject to <a href="/wiki/Bluejacking" title="Bluejacking">bluejacking</a>, which although not a virus, does allow for the transmission of unwanted messages from anonymous Bluetooth users. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cameras">Cameras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cameras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Videophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Videophone">Videophone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></div> <p>Most current phones also have a built-in <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital camera</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">camera phone</a>), that can have resolutions as high as 108M pixels. <sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This gives rise to some concern about <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>, in view of possible <a href="/wiki/Voyeurism" title="Voyeurism">voyeurism</a>, for example in <a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">swimming pools</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> has ordered manufacturers to ensure that all new handsets emit a beep whenever a picture is taken. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">Sound recording</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_video_recorder" title="Digital video recorder">video recording</a> is often also possible. Most people do not walk around with a video camera, but do carry a phone. The arrival of video camera phones is transforming the availability of video to consumers, and helps fuel <a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">citizen journalism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Mobile game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_form_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phone form factor">Mobile phone form factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_wallpaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/56px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="722" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telephones" title="Portal:Telephones">Telephones portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone_feature&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Kim-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKim2015" class="citation book cs1">Kim, Woonyun (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PzzLAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA89">"CMOS power amplifier design for cellular applications: an EDGE/GSM dual-mode quad-band PA in 0.18 μm CMOS"</a>. In Wang, Hua; Sengupta, Kaushik (eds.). <i>RF and mm-Wave Power Generation in Silicon</i>. <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-409522-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-409522-9"><bdi>978-0-12-409522-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CMOS+power+amplifier+design+for+cellular+applications%3A+an+EDGE%2FGSM+dual-mode+quad-band+PA+in+0.18+%CE%BCm+CMOS&rft.btitle=RF+and+mm-Wave+Power+Generation+in+Silicon&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-12-409522-9&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Woonyun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPzzLAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uspto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uspto_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217200937/https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/remarks-director-iancu-2019-international-intellectual-property-conference">"Remarks by Director Iancu at the 2019 International Intellectual Property Conference"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="United States Patent and Trademark Office">United States Patent and Trademark Office</a></i>. June 10, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/remarks-director-iancu-2019-international-intellectual-property-conference">the original</a> on 17 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Patent+and+Trademark+Office&rft.atitle=Remarks+by+Director+Iancu+at+the+2019+International+Intellectual+Property+Conference&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uspto.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fnews-updates%2Fremarks-director-iancu-2019-international-intellectual-property-conference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kent, Joel (May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ekdkWGqw29EC&pg=PA34">"Touchscreen technology basics & a new development"</a>. <i>CMOS Emerging Technologies Conference</i>. <b>6</b>. CMOS Emerging Technologies Research: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781927500057" title="Special:BookSources/9781927500057"><bdi>9781927500057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CMOS+Emerging+Technologies+Conference&rft.atitle=Touchscreen+technology+basics+%26+a+new+development&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=2010-05&rft.isbn=9781927500057&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DekdkWGqw29EC%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanapati2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Ganapati, Priya (5 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/03/touchscreens-smartphones/">"Finger Fail: Why Most Touchscreens Miss the Point"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140511114207/http://www.wired.com/2010/03/touchscreens-smartphones/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Finger+Fail%3A+Why+Most+Touchscreens+Miss+the+Point&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft.aulast=Ganapati&rft.aufirst=Priya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2010%2F03%2Ftouchscreens-smartphones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baliga2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baliga2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaliga2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/B._Jayant_Baliga" title="B. Jayant Baliga">Baliga, Bantval Jayant</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=StJpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Silicon RF Power MOSFETS</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Scientific" title="World Scientific">World Scientific</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812561213" title="Special:BookSources/9789812561213"><bdi>9789812561213</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silicon+RF+Power+MOSFETS&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789812561213&rft.aulast=Baliga&rft.aufirst=Bantval+Jayant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DStJpDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asif-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asif_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsif2018" class="citation book cs1">Asif, Saad (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yg1mDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT134"><i>5G Mobile Communications: Concepts and Technologies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429881343" title="Special:BookSources/9780429881343"><bdi>9780429881343</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=5G+Mobile+Communications%3A+Concepts+and+Technologies&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780429881343&rft.aulast=Asif&rft.aufirst=Saad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyg1mDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone+feature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NXP-LDMOS-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NXP-LDMOS_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nxp.com/products/rf/rf-power/ldmos-products-and-solutions:RF-LDMOS-Products-Sol">"LDMOS Products and Solutions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP Semiconductors</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mobile phones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mobile_phones689" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Mobile<br />networks</a>,<br />protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Network operator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card">SIM card</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">dual SIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESIM" title="ESIM">eSIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mobile phone generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Analogue</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><b>Digital</b>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="LTE Advanced Pro">4.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6G" title="6G">6G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />operation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phone_cloning" title="Phone cloning">phone cloning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services" title="Rich Communication Services">RCS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web" title="Mobile web">Web browsing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile<br />devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_design" title="Clamshell design">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slate" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Fold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">rooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10#Devices" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Symbian_devices" title="Comparison of Symbian devices">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Windows_phones" title="List of Windows phones">Windows Phone devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile<br />specific<br /><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_app_development" title="Mobile app development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mobile_app_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile app distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_search&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile search (page does not exist)">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_breaker" title="Box breaker">Box breaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txt-spk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper_(computing)" title="Wallpaper (computing)">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment<br />and health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Quervain_syndrome" title="De Quervain syndrome">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_external_power_supply" title="Common external power supply">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media_use_and_mental_health" title="Digital media use and mental health">Mental health from overuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_vibration_syndrome" title="Phantom vibration syndrome">Phantom vibration syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_device_radiation_and_health" title="Wireless device radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_tapping" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">USA use restrictions while driving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="telephone icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/28px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg/42px-Telephone_icon_blue_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, 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