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class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deaths subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>March</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>April</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>May</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>June</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>July</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>August</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>September</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.10</span> <span>October</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.11</span> <span>November</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.12</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nobel Prizes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1948</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 204 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">204 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1948 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1948 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1948 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1948 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۴۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۴۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE" title="১৯৪৮ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৪৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_n%C3%AE" title="1948 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1948 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1948 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1948 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948." title="1948. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1948." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1948 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1948 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8" title="۱۹۴۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۴۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4" title="1948年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1948年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1948-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1948-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%EB%85%84" title="1948년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1948년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="१९४८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९४८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948." title="1948. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1948." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১৯৪৮ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৪৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1948-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1948-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AA%E0%B3%AE" title="೧೯೪೮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೪೮" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1948 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1948 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1948 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1948 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1948-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1948-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1948 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1948 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B8" title="1948 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1948 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948._gads" title="1948. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1948. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1948 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1948 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_m." title="1948 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1948 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948moi" title="1948moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1948moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="१९४८ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९४८" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १९४८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९४८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B4%DB%B8" title="۱۹۴۸ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۴۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1948 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1948 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1948 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1948 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%84%E1%81%88" title="၁၉၄၈ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၄၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="ई सं १९४८ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९४८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4" title="1948年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1948年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1948 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1948 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୯୪୮ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୪୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%AE" title="१९४८ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९४८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1948" title="Joohr 1948 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1948" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1948 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1948 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%D8%B9" title="1948ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1948ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A4%D9%A8" title="١٩٤٨ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٤٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1948 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1948 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2491" title="พ.ศ. 2491 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2491" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1948" title="Соли 1948 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1948" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1948 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1948 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%D8%A1" title="1948ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1948ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1948 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1948 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_nienz" title="1948 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1948 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%9B%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%B4" title="一九四八年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九四八年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4" title="1948年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1948年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4" title="1948年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1948年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948%E5%B9%B4" title="1948年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1948年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948" title="1948 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1948" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5165#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1948" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1948-label"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1948</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1948" title="January 1948">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1948" title="February 1948">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1948" title="March 1948">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1948" title="April 1948">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1948" title="May 1948">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1948" title="June 1948">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1948" title="July 1948">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1948" title="August 1948">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1948" title="September 1948">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1948" title="October 1948">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1948" title="November 1948">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1948" title="December 1948">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_collage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1948_collage.png/300px-1948_collage.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1948_collage.png/450px-1948_collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1948_collage.png/600px-1948_collage.png 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="1481" /></a><figcaption>Clockwise, from top left: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a>; British Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a> signing the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Treaty of Brussels</a>; The <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>; The trial of persons accused of participation and complicity in the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi</a>; a damaged building after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Fukui_earthquake" title="1948 Fukui earthquake">1948 Fukui earthquake</a>; an Australian <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">Avro Lincoln</a> bomber dropping 500 lb (230 kg) bombs in the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>; Pro-Communist demonstrations before the <a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a>; West Berliners watch a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">Douglas C-54 Skymaster</a> land at <a href="/wiki/Tempelhof_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempelhof Airport">Tempelhof Airport</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920s" title="1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930s" title="1930s">1930s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950s" title="1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960s" title="1960s">1960s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1945">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1946">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1947">1947</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1948">1948</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1949" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1949">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1950" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1950">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1951">1951</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1948" title="Category:1948">1948 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_animation" title="1948 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_archaeology" title="1948 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_architecture" title="1948 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_art" title="1948 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_aviation" title="1948 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_awards" title="Category:1948 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_comics" title="1948 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_film" title="1948 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_literature" title="1948 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_poetry" title="1948 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_meteorology" title="Category:1948 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_music" title="1948 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_country_music" title="1948 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_jazz" title="1948 in jazz">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_rail_transport" title="1948 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_radio" title="1948 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_science" title="1948 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight_before_1951" title="Spaceflight before 1951">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_sports" title="1948 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_association_football" title="1948 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_television" title="1948 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_American_television" title="1948 in American television">American</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_British_television" title="1948 in British television">British</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Afghanistan" title="1948 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Australia" title="1948 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Belgium" title="1948 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Brazil" title="1948 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Canada" title="1948 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_China" title="1948 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Denmark" title="1948 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_France" title="1948 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Germany" title="1948 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_India" title="1948 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Indonesia" title="1948 in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Ireland" title="1948 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Israel" title="1948 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Japan" title="1948 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Luxembourg" title="1948 in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Malaya" title="1948 in Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_New_Zealand" title="1948 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Norway" title="1948 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Pakistan" title="1948 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1948 in Mandatory Palestine">Palestine Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Portugal" title="1948 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_South_Africa" title="1948 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_South_Korea" title="1948 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="1948 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Spain" title="1948 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Sweden" title="1948 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Thailand" title="1948 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Turkey" title="1948 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1948 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_the_United_States" title="1948 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_Venezuela" title="1948 in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1948">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1948">Sovereign state leaders</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_in_law" title="Category:1948 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_births" title="Category:1948 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_deaths" title="Category:1948 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_establishments" title="Category:1948 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_disestablishments" title="Category:1948 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_works" title="Category:1948 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1948_introductions" title="Category:1948 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1948 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1948<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCMXLVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2701</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1397<br />ԹՎ ՌՅՂԷ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6698</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>104–105</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1869–1870</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1355</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2898</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>12 <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Geo. 6</a> – 13 <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">Geo. 6</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2492</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1310</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7456–7457</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丁亥</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />4645 or 4438<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />戊子年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />4646 or 4439</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1664–1665</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3114</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1940–1941</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5708–5709</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>2004–2005</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1869–1870</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>5048–5049</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11948</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>948–949</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1326–1327</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1367–1368</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1926%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa (1926–1989)">Shōwa</a> 23<br />(昭和２３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1879–1880</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>37</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4281</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a> 37<br />民國37年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>480</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2491</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴火猪年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Pig_(zodiac)" title="Pig (zodiac)">Pig</a>)<br />2074 or 1693 or 921<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳土鼠年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rat_(zodiac)" title="Rat (zodiac)">Rat</a>)<br />2075 or 1694 or 922</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1948" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1948">1948</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>1948</b> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXLVIII</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Leap_year_starting_on_Thursday" title="Leap year starting on Thursday">leap year starting on Thursday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1948th year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a></i></span> (AD) designations, the 948th year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 48th year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 9th year of the <a href="/wiki/1940s" title="1940s">1940s</a> decade. </p><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/January_1948" title="January 1948">January 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a> (GATT) is inaugurated.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Jersey" title="Constitution of New Jersey">Constitution of New Jersey</a> (later subject to amendment) goes into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Railways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a> gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the '<a href="/wiki/Post-independence_Burma_(1948%E2%80%931962)" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-independence Burma (1948–1962)">Union of Burma'</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Sao_Shwe_Thaik" title="Sao Shwe Thaik">Sao Shwe Thaik</a> as its first President and <a href="/wiki/U_Nu" title="U Nu">U Nu</a> its first Prime Minister.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – In the United States: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a> shows the first color <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tournament_of_Roses_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tournament of Roses Parade">Tournament of Roses Parade</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Rose_Bowl_Game" title="Rose Bowl Game">Rose Bowl Game</a></i>).</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Kinsey_Reports" title="Kinsey Reports">Kinsey Report</a>, <i>Sexual Behavior in the Human Male</i>, is published.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mantell_UFO_incident" title="Mantell UFO incident">Mantell UFO incident</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Air_National_Guard" title="Kentucky Air National Guard">Kentucky Air National Guard</a> pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an <a href="/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object" title="Unidentified flying object">unidentified flying object</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> begins his fast-unto-death in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, to stop communal violence during the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – A truce is declared between nationalist Indonesian and Dutch troops in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – British foreign secretary <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bevin" title="Ernest Bevin">Ernest Bevin</a> proposes the formation of a Western Union between Britain, France and the <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> countries to stand up against the Soviet Union. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Treaty of Brussels</a> is signed <a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> as a consequence, a predecessor to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – Teigin poison case: a man masquerading as a doctor poisons 12 of 16 bank employees of the Tokyo branch of Imperial Bank and takes the money; artist <a href="/wiki/Sadamichi_Hirasawa" title="Sadamichi Hirasawa">Sadamichi Hirasawa</a> is later sentenced to death for the crime, but is never executed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Los_Gatos_DC-3_crash" title="1948 Los Gatos DC-3 crash">A DC-3 aircraft crash at Los Gatos Creek</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Coalinga,_California" title="Coalinga, California">Coalinga, California</a>, kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a protest song ("<a href="/wiki/Deportee_(Plane_Wreck_at_Los_Gatos)" title="Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)">Deportee (Plane Wreck at Los Gatos)</a>") by <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi</a>: Indian pacifist and leader <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> is shot by <a href="/wiki/Nathuram_Godse" title="Nathuram Godse">Nathuram Godse</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948 Winter Olympics</a> open in <a href="/wiki/St_Moritz" class="mw-redirect" title="St Moritz">St Moritz</a>, Switzerland.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> form the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/February_1948" title="February 1948">February 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> begins to jam <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> broadcasts.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> is proclaimed.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (later known as <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>) becomes an independent country, within the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth</a> continuing to adopt King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">King of Ceylon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – General <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gracey" title="Douglas Gracey">Douglas Gracey</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">Commander-in-chief</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a>, innermost of the large <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">moons of Uranus</a>, is discovered by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Kuiper" title="Gerard Kuiper">Gerard Kuiper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>, Irish head of government from 1918 to 1932, loses power to an opposition coalition. <a href="/wiki/John_A._Costello" title="John A. Costello">John A. Costello</a> is appointed <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_T._O%27Kelly" title="Seán T. O'Kelly">Seán T. O'Kelly</a>, until <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Youth_and_Students_of_Southeast_Asia_Fighting_for_Freedom_and_Independence" title="Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence">Conference of Youth and Students of Southeast Asia Fighting for Freedom and Independence</a> convenes in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – The United States <a href="/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">stock car racing</a> organization <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/Bill_France_Sr." title="Bill France Sr.">Bill France Sr.</a> with other drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – The first of the <a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Ben Yehuda Street bombings</a> in Jerusalem kills between 49 and 58 civilians and injures between 140 and 200.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Czechoslovakia">President of Czechoslovakia</a>, cedes control of the country to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party</a>, a day celebrated by that regime as "<a href="/wiki/Victorious_February" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorious February">Victorious February</a>" (Czech: <i lang="cs">Vítězný únor</i>; <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Víťazný Február</i>) until <a href="/wiki/November_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1989">November 1989</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Accra_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Accra Riots">Accra Riots</a>: Riots take place in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, capital of the British colony of <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_(British_colony)" title="Gold Coast (British colony)">Gold Coast</a>, when a peaceful protest march by ex-servicemen is broken up by police, leaving several members of the group dead, among them Sergeant Adjetey, one of the leaders.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/2nd_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_India" title="2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India">2nd Congress of the Communist Party of India</a> convenes in <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/March_1948" title="March 1948">March 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/McCollum_v._Board_of_Education" title="McCollum v. Board of Education">McCollum v. Board of Education</a></i>: The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> rules that religious instruction in public schools violates the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Civil_War" title="Costa Rican Civil War">Costa Rican Civil War</a> begins.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels" title="Treaty of Brussels">Treaty of Brussels</a> is signed by Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, providing for economic, social and cultural collaboration and collective self-defence.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels" title="Hells Angels">Hells Angels</a> motorcycle gang is founded in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – The Round Table Conference convenes in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands, to prepare the decolonization process for the Caribbean island of <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> and the other Dutch Colonies. Aruba presents the mandate of the Aruban People for Aruba to become an independent country, under the sovereignty of the House of Orange, based on Aruba's first state constitution presented officially since August 1947, and a (4th) member state of the future Dutch Commonwealth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> holds its first elections.</li> <li>Renowned Italian conductor <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> makes his television debut, conducting the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a> in an all-<a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a> program in the United States.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/20th_Academy_Awards" title="20th Academy Awards">20th Academy Awards</a> Ceremony is held in Los Angeles. <i><a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Agreement" title="Gentleman's Agreement">Gentleman's Agreement</a></i> wins the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/April_1948" title="April 1948">April 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> – Children's Bargain Town, a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">toy</a> and child-related <a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">retailer</a> <a href="/wiki/Toys_%22R%22_Us" title="Toys "R" Us">Toys "R" Us</a>, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_lazarus_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_lazarus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – Physicists <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Asher_Alpher" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Asher Alpher">Ralph Asher Alpher</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Gamow" title="George Gamow">George Gamow</a> publish the <a href="/wiki/Alpher%E2%80%93Bethe%E2%80%93Gamow_paper" title="Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper">Alpher–Bethe–Gamow paper</a>, about the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> <ul><li>United States President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a>, which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeju Uprising">Jeju Uprising</a>: Residents revolt on <a href="/wiki/Jeju_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeju island">Jeju island</a>, South Korea, eventually leading to the deaths of between 14,000 and 30,000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">Beethoven's Symphony No. 9</a> is played on television in its entirety for the first time, in a series of concerts featuring <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a> in the United States. The chorus is conducted by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine</a>: Haganah launches <a href="/wiki/Operation_Nachshon" title="Operation Nachshon">Operation Nachshon</a>, provoking the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a>– The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> is established by the United Nations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> <ul><li>Liberal politician <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eli%C3%A9cer_Gait%C3%A1n" title="Jorge Eliécer Gaitán">Jorge Eliécer Gaitán</a>'s assassination provokes a violent riot in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a> (the <i><a href="/wiki/Bogotazo" title="Bogotazo">Bogotazo</a></i>) and a further 10 years of violence (<i><a href="/wiki/La_Violencia" title="La Violencia">La Violencia</a></i>) across Colombia.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a> takes place in British <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_medical_convoy_massacre" title="Hadassah medical convoy massacre">Hadassah medical convoy massacre</a> takes place, in British <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> is founded, as the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Italian_general_election,_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian general election, 1948">Italian general election, 1948</a>: The first democratic general election with <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a> is held in Italy. The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> party achieves a majority over the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Front_(Italy)" title="Popular Democratic Front (Italy)">Popular Democratic Front</a> Communist-Socialist coalition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> joins the United Nations.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">American Broadcasting Company</a> (otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> (later <a href="/wiki/WPVI-TV" title="WPVI-TV">WPVI-TV</a>).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> <ul><li>Civil War in Mandatory Palestine: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a> – Jewish paramilitary group <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a> captures <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTVR-TV" title="WTVR-TV">WTVR</a> begins television services. WTVR is the first TV station south of Washington D.C., giving it the nickname "The South's First Television station".</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – First <a href="/wiki/National_Games_of_Pakistan" title="National Games of Pakistan">National Games of Pakistan</a> held in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Civil_War" title="Costa Rican Civil War">Costa Rican Civil War</a> ends.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a> (OAS) is founded.</li> <li>The English-built <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a> is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/May_1948" title="May 1948">May 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May" title="May">May</a> – The <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a> is established, as an independent nonprofit policy research and analysis institution, in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_May_9,_1948" title="Solar eclipse of May 9, 1948">Solar eclipse of May 9, 1948</a>: An annular solar eclipse is visible in Japan and South Korea, and is the 32nd solar eclipse of <a href="/wiki/Solar_Saros_137" title="Solar Saros 137">Solar Saros 137</a>. This eclipse is very short, lasting just 0.3 seconds. The path width is just about 200 meters wide (approximately 218 yards).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Einaudi" title="Luigi Einaudi">Luigi Einaudi</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Italian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Italian Republic">President of the Italian Republic</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg/220px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg/330px-Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a>, 1948</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a> is made. <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> becomes the first prime minister, a provisional position that will become formalized on February 14, 1949.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> is officially terminated; expeditionary forces from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> invade <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and clash with Israeli forces.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_June_Anne_Devaney" title="Murder of June Anne Devaney">murder of June Anne Devaney</a> a 3-year-old girl in <a href="/wiki/Blackburn" title="Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, England. To solve the crime, officers took 46,253 sets of <a href="/wiki/Fingerprint" title="Fingerprint">fingerprints</a> before identifying her murderer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1948" title="Australian cricket team in England in 1948">Australian cricket team in England in 1948</a>: The touring <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_cricket_team" title="Australia national cricket team">Australians</a> set an all-time <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> record, by scoring 721 runs in a day against <a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Cricket_Club" title="Essex County Cricket Club">Essex</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a> is elected as the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> Rescue 5 is founded for <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Republic of China</a> officially convenes in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – The Soviets launch <a href="/wiki/Operation_Vesna" title="Operation Vesna">Operation Vesna</a>, the largest Lithuanian deportation to Siberia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – The United Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP) is founded at Ellinwood Malate Church in Manila.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> passes Public Law 557 which permanently establishes the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a> as the auxiliary of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Fran%C3%A7ois_Malan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel François Malan">Daniel François Malan</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Jan_Smuts" title="Jan Smuts">Jan Smuts</a> and becomes Prime Minister of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, which starts the era of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> (which is finally dismantled by <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> in <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Casimir_effect" title="Casimir effect">Casimir effect</a> is predicted by Dutch physicist <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Casimir" title="Hendrik Casimir">Hendrik Casimir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – A dike along the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia River</a> breaks, obliterating <a href="/wiki/Vanport,_Oregon" title="Vanport, Oregon">Vanport, Oregon</a>, within minutes; 15 people die and tens of thousands are left homeless.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/June_1948" title="June 1948">June 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a>, a global <a href="/wiki/Sports_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports goods">sports goods</a> brand, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Dassler" title="Rudolf Dassler">Rudolf Dassler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having split from his brother "<a href="/wiki/Adolf_Dassler" title="Adolf Dassler">Adi</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatory</a> telescope is finished in California.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Saka" title="Hasan Saka">Hasan Saka</a> forms the new government of Turkey. (17th government; Hasan Saka had served twice as a prime minister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Monkeys_in_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkeys in space">monkey astronaut</a>, Albert I, is launched into space from White Sands, New Mexico.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – Chinese newspaper <i>Renmin Ribao</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily" title="People's Daily">People's Daily</a></i>) is first published in Beijing, China.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_624" class="mw-redirect" title="United Airlines Flight 624">United Airlines Flight 624</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">Douglas DC-6</a>, crashes near <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel,_Pennsylvania" title="Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania">Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania</a>, killing 43 and injuring 84 people on board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>: A <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> is declared in the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, due to a communist insurgency.</li> <li>Columbia Records introduces its <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">33<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> rpm <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">long playing phonograph</a> format.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> recesses for the remainder of 1948, after an overtime session closes at 7:00 a.m. (to be shortly interrupted by Truman's recall from Congressional recess for July 20, 1948).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Mark" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a> becomes the official currency of the future <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Baby" title="Manchester Baby">Manchester Baby</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Stored-program_computer" title="Stored-program computer">stored-program computer</a> to successfully execute a program.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> <ul><li>The ship <a href="/wiki/HMT_Empire_Windrush" title="HMT Empire Windrush">HMT <i>Empire Windrush</i></a> brings more than 800 Afro-Caribbean immigrants to <a href="/wiki/Tilbury" title="Tilbury">Tilbury</a> near London, the start of a large wave of immigration to Britain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Twist_(1948_film)" title="Oliver Twist (1948 film)">Oliver Twist</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>'s famous novel, premieres in the UK. It is banned for 3 years in the U.S., because of alleged <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> in depicting master criminal <a href="/wiki/Fagin" title="Fagin">Fagin</a>, played by <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg/220px-C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg/330px-C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg/440px-C-54_landing_at_Tempelhof_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/C-54_Skymaster" class="mw-redirect" title="C-54 Skymaster">C-54 Skymaster</a> landing at <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Tempelhof_Airport" title="Berlin Tempelhof Airport">Berlin Tempelhof Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Blockade</a> begins.</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Assembly" title="World Health Assembly">World Health Assembly</a> of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> is held in Geneva.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">William Shockley</a> files the original patent for the <a href="/wiki/Grown-junction_transistor" title="Grown-junction transistor">grown-junction transistor</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor" title="Bipolar junction transistor">bipolar junction transistor</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Blockade" title="Berlin Blockade">Berlin Airlift</a> begins.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Cominform" title="Cominform">Cominform</a> Resolution marks the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Informbiro_period" title="Informbiro period">Informbiro period</a> in <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Yugoslav_split" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet–Yugoslav split">Soviet/Yugoslav split</a>.</li> <li>The 6.8 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Moment mag. scale">M<sub>w</sub></span></a> <a href="/wiki/1948_Fukui_earthquake" title="1948 Fukui earthquake">Fukui earthquake</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Fukui,_Fukui" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukui, Fukui">Fukui</a>, Japan; 3,769 are killed, 22,203 injured.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotte_Holdings" title="Lotte Holdings">Lotte Group</a>, a global <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a> (<a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>), is founded.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/July_1948" title="July 1948">July 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> in the United Kingdom begins functioning, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – The world's first Air Car-ferry service is flown by a Bristol Freighter of Silver City Airways, from <a href="/wiki/Lympne" title="Lympne">Lympne</a> to <a href="/wiki/Le_Touquet" title="Le Touquet">Le Touquet</a> across the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Churches</a> reach an agreement, leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous <a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchate</a>. Five <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> are immediately consecrated by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch of Alexandria">Patriarch of Alexandria</a> and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – The attempted assassination of <a href="/wiki/Palmiro_Togliatti" title="Palmiro Togliatti">Palmiro Togliatti</a>, general secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a>, results in numerous strikes all over the country.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – The first London chapter of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholics_Anonymous" title="Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous</a> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – Three armed men hijack the <a href="/wiki/Cathay_Pacific" title="Cathay Pacific">Cathay Pacific</a> passenger plane <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Macao" title="Miss Macao">Miss Macao</a></i> and shoot the pilot; the plane crashes, killing 26 of 27 people on board.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>: <ul><li>President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> issues the second peacetime <a href="/wiki/Military_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="Military draft">military draft</a> in the United States, amid increasing tensions with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (the first peacetime draft occurred in 1940 under President Roosevelt)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Eugene Dennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">William Z. Foster</a> and ten other <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> leaders are arrested and charged under the <a href="/wiki/Alien_Registration_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Alien Registration Act">Alien Registration Act</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Dominion of Newfoundland</a> votes to join Canada, after a <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_referendums,_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland referendums, 1948">referendum</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – U.S. President Truman signs <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a>, ending <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – Around 200 die in an explosion at a chemical plant in <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a>, Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics" title="1948 Summer Olympics">1948 Summer Olympics</a> begin in London, the first since the <a href="/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics" title="1936 Summer Olympics">1936 Summer Olympics</a> in Berlin.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> <ul><li>At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a>) is dedicated.</li> <li>American defector <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bentley" title="Elizabeth Bentley">Elizabeth Bentley</a>, previously working on behalf of the Soviet Union, appears under subpoena before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> (HUAC) of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> regarding Communist espionage; she implicates <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>July–October – <a href="/wiki/Claude_E._Shannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude E. Shannon">Claude E. Shannon</a> publishes "<a href="/wiki/A_Mathematical_Theory_of_Communication" title="A Mathematical Theory of Communication">A Mathematical Theory of Communication</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/Bell_System_Technical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell System Technical Journal">Bell System Technical Journal</a></i> (US), regarded as a foundation of <a href="/wiki/Information_theory" title="Information theory">information theory</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and all modern digital communications and adopting the term <i><a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">Bit</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/August_1948" title="August 1948">August 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a> appears under subpoena before the <a href="/wiki/HUAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HUAC">HUAC</a> and alleges that several former U.S. Federal officials were communists, including <a href="/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White" title="Harry Dexter White">Harry Dexter White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a> appears before the <a href="/wiki/HUAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HUAC">HUAC</a>, to deny the allegations of <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a>–<a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Herrenchiemsee_convention" title="Herrenchiemsee convention">Herrenchiemsee convention</a> prepares the draft for the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babrra_massacre" title="Babrra massacre">Babrra massacre</a>: About 600 unarmed members of the <a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a> movement are shot dead on the orders of the Chief Minister of the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%E2%80%932010)" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)">North-West Frontier Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayyum_Khan" title="Abdul Qayyum Khan">Abdul Qayyum Khan</a> Kashmiri, on Babrra ground in the <a href="/wiki/Hashtnagar" title="Hashtnagar">Hashtnagar</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Charsadda_District,_Pakistan" title="Charsadda District, Pakistan">Charsadda District</a>, North-West Frontier Province (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Harry_Dexter_White" title="Harry Dexter White">Harry Dexter White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Hiss" title="Donald Hiss">Donald Hiss</a> refute allegations of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a> by <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>, before the <a href="/wiki/HUAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HUAC">HUAC</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Ashes_series" title="1948 Ashes series">1948 Ashes series</a>: Australian <a href="/wiki/Batsman" class="mw-redirect" title="Batsman">batsman</a> <a href="/wiki/Don_Bradman" title="Don Bradman">Don Bradman</a>, playing his last <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test cricket</a> match, against England at <a href="/wiki/The_Oval" title="The Oval">The Oval</a>, is bowled by <a href="/wiki/Eric_Hollies" title="Eric Hollies">Eric Hollies</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Duck_(cricket)" title="Duck (cricket)">duck</a> (leaving his career Test <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(cricket)" title="Batting average (cricket)">batting average</a> at 99.94); however, <a href="/wiki/Australian_cricket_team_in_England_in_1948" title="Australian cricket team in England in 1948">"The Invincibles"</a> win the match by an <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">innings</a> and 149 runs, and <a href="/wiki/The_Ashes" title="The Ashes">The Ashes</a> 4–0.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beaver_drop" title="Beaver drop">Beaver drop</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Department_of_Fish_and_Game" title="Idaho Department of Fish and Game">Idaho Department of Fish and Game</a> program to relocate <a href="/wiki/Beavers" class="mw-redirect" title="Beavers">beavers</a> from Northwestern Idaho to the <a href="/wiki/Chamberlain_Basin" title="Chamberlain Basin">Chamberlain Basin</a> in Central Idaho. The program involved parachuting beavers into the Chamberlain Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Ngeo_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ngeo-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – The southern half of Korea is established as the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea (South Korea)</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/HUAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HUAC">HUAC</a> holds a private session between <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Danube_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube Commission">Danube Commission</a> is created by the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> Convention (enters into force <a href="/wiki/11_May" class="mw-redirect" title="11 May">11 May</a> <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toho_strikes" title="Toho strikes">Toho strikes</a>: A <a href="/wiki/Sitdown_strike" title="Sitdown strike">sitdown strike</a> at <a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a> film studio in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> ended after the studio was surrounded by 2,000 police and a platoon of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Eighth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Eighth Army">U.S. Eighth Army</a> soldiers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lee_Pressman" title="Lee Pressman">Lee Pressman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Witt" title="Nathan Witt">Nathan Witt</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Abt" title="John Abt">John Abt</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Harold_I._Cammer" title="Harold I. Cammer">Harold I. Cammer</a>, plead the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a>, in response to allegations of Communism by <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a> before the <a href="/wiki/HUAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HUAC">HUAC</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a> is established in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – The first meeting of the charter members of the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) is held.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/HUAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HUAC">HUAC</a> holds its first-ever televised congressional hearing, featuring "Confrontation Day" between <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a> states that <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a> was a communist on <i><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_Press" title="Meet the Press">Meet the Press</a></i> radio.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/September_1948" title="September 1948">September 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – Queen <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_of_the_Netherlands" title="Wilhelmina of the Netherlands">Wilhelmina of the Netherlands</a> abdicates for health reasons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Robert Schuman</a> becomes Prime Minister of France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Juliana</a> is formally <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_the_Dutch_monarch" title="Inauguration of the Dutch monarch">inaugurated</a> to succeed her mother, as queen regnant of the Netherlands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – The northern half of Korea is formally declared the <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> as prime minister.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, founder and first <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General of Pakistan</a>, dies. Pakistan is in a state of shock as it mourns the departure of the father of the nation. The day is a <a href="/wiki/Quaid-i-Azam_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaid-i-Azam Day">public holiday</a> nationwide.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a>–<a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indian_annexation_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian annexation of Hyderabad">Indian annexation of Hyderabad</a> ("Operation Polo"): The <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> is invaded by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a> in a "<a href="/wiki/Police_action" title="Police action">police action</a>", in the aftermath of Pakistani leader <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Jinnah</a>'s death. The <a href="/wiki/Nizam_of_Hyderabad" title="Nizam of Hyderabad">Nizam of Hyderabad</a> surrenders his state, which is amalgamated into the newly independent <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a>; thousands are killed as a result of this event.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a> is elected United States Senator, becoming the first woman to serve in both the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> and the United States Senate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a> members, also known as the Stern Gang, assassinate Swedish count <a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a>, United Nations Mediator in Palestine, in Jerusalem.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – An inaugural motor race is held at <a href="/wiki/Goodwood_Circuit" title="Goodwood Circuit">Goodwood Circuit</a>, West Sussex, England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Rabwah" title="Rabwah">Rabwah</a> is established in Pakistan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a> files a slander suit against <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>, for his August 27 radio statement in the United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>'s film of <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a></i> opens in the U.S.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_1948" title="October 1948">October 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – The International Union for the Protection of Nature (later known as the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>, IUCN) is established in <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau" title="Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a>, France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Ashgabat_earthquake" title="1948 Ashgabat earthquake">1948 Ashgabat earthquake</a>: A 7.3 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Ms" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Surface-wave mag.">M<sub>s</sub></span></a> earthquake near <a href="/wiki/Ashgabat" title="Ashgabat">Ashgabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Turkmenistan">Soviet Turkmenistan</a> kills 10,000–110,000.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/R-1_(missile)" title="R-1 (missile)">R-1 missile</a> on test becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> launch to enter space.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_Art_Fair" title="57th Street Art Fair">57th Street Art Fair</a> in Chicago, the oldest juried art fair in the American Midwest, is founded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brandeis_University" title="Brandeis University">Brandeis University</a> is formally founded in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Donora_Smog_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Donora Smog of 1948">Donora Smog of 1948</a>: A killer smog settles into <a href="/wiki/Donora,_Pennsylvania" title="Donora, Pennsylvania">Donora, Pennsylvania</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>: Massacres of Palestinian Arab villagers by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawayima_massacre" title="Al-Dawayima massacre">Al-Dawayima massacre</a>: Between 30 and 145 are killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safsaf_massacre" title="Safsaf massacre">Safsaf massacre</a>: At least 52 are killed.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Gozo_luzzu_disaster" title="1948 Gozo luzzu disaster">Gozo <i>luzzu</i> disaster</a>: A <i><a href="/wiki/Luzzu" title="Luzzu">luzzu</a></i> fishing boat overloaded with passengers capsizes and sinks in the <a href="/wiki/Gozo_Channel" title="Gozo Channel">Gozo Channel</a> off <a href="/wiki/Qala,_Malta" title="Qala, Malta">Qala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gozo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Malta</a>, killing 23 of the 27 people on board.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/November_1948" title="November 1948">November 1948</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Foley Square trial">Foley Square trial</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Eugene Dennis</a> and ten other <a href="/wiki/CPUSA" class="mw-redirect" title="CPUSA">CPUSA</a> leaders begins, in New York City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenagoras_I_of_Constantinople" title="Athenagoras I of Constantinople">Athenagoras I</a> is elected the 268th <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople</a>.</li> <li>A boiler and ammunition explosion aboard a merchant ship evacuating troops of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Army" title="Republic of China Army">Republic of China Army</a> from <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a>, China for <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> causes thousands of deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg/220px-Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg/330px-Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg/440px-Dewey_Defeats_Truman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption>Truman hold ups <a href="/wiki/Dewey_Defeats_Truman" title="Dewey Defeats Truman">an erroneous banner</a> headline of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Daily Tribune">Chicago Daily Tribune</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948 United States presidential election</a>: Democratic incumbent <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> defeats Republican <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a>, "Dixiecrat" <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> and Progressive party candidate <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – In Tokyo, an international <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including General <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a>, for their roles in World War II.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Stephen_St._Laurent" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Stephen St. Laurent">Louis Stephen St. Laurent</a> becomes Canada's 12th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet_(Yemen)" title="Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen)">Operation Magic Carpet</a></i> to transport Jews from Yemen to Israel begins.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Andes,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of the Andes, Colombia">University of the Andes</a> (Universidad de los Andes) is founded in <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a>, Colombia.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi</a> divorces his second wife, the former Princess <a href="/wiki/Princess_Fawzia_Fuad_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt">Fawzia of Egypt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a> produces secret government papers, handwritten and typewritten by <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a>, during pretrial examination.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_B._Orbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey B. Orbell">Geoffrey B. Orbell</a> rediscovers the <a href="/wiki/Takah%C4%93" title="Takahē">Takahē</a>, last seen 50 years previously, near <a href="/wiki/Lake_Te_Anau" title="Lake Te Anau">Lake Te Anau</a>, New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – In Venezuela, president <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Rómulo Gallegos</a> is ousted by a <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military junta</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Stampeders" title="Calgary Stampeders">Calgary Stampeders</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Rough_Riders" title="Ottawa Rough Riders">Ottawa Rough Riders</a> 12–7 before 20,013 fans at Toronto's <a href="/wiki/Varsity_Stadium" title="Varsity Stadium">Varsity Stadium</a>, to win their first <a href="/wiki/Grey_Cup" title="Grey Cup">Grey Cup</a> and complete the only <a href="/wiki/Perfect_season" title="Perfect season">perfect season</a> to date in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/December_1948" title="December 1948">December 1948</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg/210px-Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg/315px-Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg/420px-Een_groep_Recce_M3_Stuart_tanks_passeert_geparkeerde_vrachtwagen._Bestanddeelnr_5740.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3792" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Dutch forces in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>, 1948</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Figueres_Ferrer" title="José Figueres Ferrer">José Figueres Ferrer</a> abolishes the army in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, making it the first country in history to do so.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – The United States <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> subpoenas and retrieves the "<a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_Papers" title="Pumpkin Papers">Pumpkin Papers</a>" from the farm of <a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Whittaker Chambers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> displays microfilm from the "Pumpkin Papers" to the press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> adopts the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – The United Nations General Assembly adopts the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a>–<a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>: <a href="/wiki/Batang_Kali_massacre" title="Batang Kali massacre">Batang Kali massacre</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scots_Guards" title="Scots Guards">Scots Guards</a> shoot 24 <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> villagers in <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Malaya</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> indicts <a href="/wiki/Alger_Hiss" title="Alger Hiss">Alger Hiss</a>, on two counts of <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Security_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Security Intelligence Service">Finnish Security Police</a> is established to remove <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Finland" title="Communist Party of Finland">communist leadership</a> from its predecessor, the <a href="/wiki/State_Police_(Finland)" title="State Police (Finland)">State Police</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – In the American <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Philadelphia Eagles</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cardinals" title="Chicago Cardinals">Chicago Cardinals</a> 7–0, to win the championship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a>: The Dutch military captures Yogyakarta, the temporary capital of the newly formed Republic of Indonesia.</li> <li>American economist and former State Department official <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Duggan" title="Laurence Duggan">Laurence Duggan</a> falls to his death, from the 16th story window of his Manhattan office.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – Seven Japanese military and political leaders, convicted of war crimes by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, are executed by Allied occupation authorities, at Sugamo Prison in Tokyo, Japan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> <ul><li>The last Soviet troops withdraw from <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>.</li> <li>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Mindszenty" title="József Mindszenty">József Mindszenty</a> is arrested in Hungary and accused of treason and conspiracy.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – A <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a> member assassinates Egyptian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_an-Nukrashi_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha">Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – The musical <i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me,_Kate" title="Kiss Me, Kate">Kiss Me, Kate</a></i> opens for the first of 1,077 performances in New York City.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab-Israeli War</a>: Israeli troops drive Egyptians from the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Kills_Landfill" title="Fresh Kills Landfill">Fresh Kills Landfill</a>, the world's largest, opens on <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island, New York">Staten Island, New York</a>.</li> <li>The Slovak city Gúta is renamed <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%A1rovo" title="Kolárovo">Kolárovo</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Vielha_Tunnel" title="Vielha Tunnel">Vielha Tunnel</a> is opened, giving access to the <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Aran" title="Val d'Aran">Val d'Aran</a> in the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>; at this time it is the longest road tunnel in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Oakridge Transit Centre opens in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.</li> <li>The last recorded sighting is made of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_tiger" title="Caspian tiger">Caspian tiger</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>.</li> <li>A pack of wolves kills about 40 children in <a href="/wiki/Darovskoy_District" title="Darovskoy District">Darovskoy District</a>, in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The last edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i> is published in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a>.</li> <li>Charles Warrell creates the first <a href="/wiki/I-Spy_(Michelin)" title="I-Spy (Michelin)">I-Spy</a> books in the United Kingdom.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbert_Awdry" title="Wilbert Awdry">Rev. W. Awdry</a>'s third book, <i><a href="/wiki/James_the_Red_Engine" title="James the Red Engine">James the Red Engine</a></i>, is published in the United Kingdom.</li> <li>Inspired by World War II fighter planes, <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> introduces the first automobile to sport <a href="/wiki/Car_tailfin" title="Car tailfin">tailfins</a>.</li> <li>The inaugural <a href="/wiki/6_Hours_of_Watkins_Glen" title="6 Hours of Watkins Glen">6 Hours of Watkins Glen</a> sports car endurance race is held in the United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <table id="toc" class="toc" summary="Births" style="margin: auto; text-align: center; display: inline-block;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Births </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="#January_2">January</a> · <a href="#February_2">February</a> · <a href="#March_2">March</a> · <a href="#April_2">April</a> · <a href="#May_2">May</a> · <a href="#June_2">June</a> · <a href="#July_2">July</a> · <a href="#August_2">August</a> · <a href="#September_2">September</a> · <a href="#October_2">October</a> · <a href="#November_2">November</a> · <a href="#December_2">December</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_2">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg/100px-Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg/150px-Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg/200px-Ichiro_Mizuki_20070706_Japan_Expo_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ichirou_Mizuki" title="Ichirou Mizuki">Ichirou Mizuki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnCarpenter2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/JohnCarpenter2010.jpg/100px-JohnCarpenter2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/JohnCarpenter2010.jpg/150px-JohnCarpenter2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/JohnCarpenter2010.jpg/200px-JohnCarpenter2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2184" data-file-height="1667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg/100px-Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg/150px-Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg/200px-Carl_Weathers_Calgary_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Weathers" title="Carl Weathers">Carl Weathers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Oddsson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/David_Oddsson.jpg/100px-David_Oddsson.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/David_Oddsson.jpg/150px-David_Oddsson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/David_Oddsson.jpg/200px-David_Oddsson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1761" data-file-height="2015" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Oddsson" title="Davíð Oddsson">Davíð Oddsson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg/100px-Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg/150px-Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg/200px-Mikhail_Baryshnikov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2081" data-file-height="2948" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Charles_Taylor.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Charles_Taylor.png/100px-President_Charles_Taylor.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Charles_Taylor.png/150px-President_Charles_Taylor.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/President_Charles_Taylor.png/200px-President_Charles_Taylor.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(Liberian_politician)" title="Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)">Charles Taylor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg/100px-Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg/150px-Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg/200px-Akira_Yoshino_cropped_2_Akira_Yoshino_201911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Allan_Alcorn" title="Allan Alcorn">Allan Alcorn</a>, American engineer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Miller" title="Judith Miller">Judith Miller</a>, American journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Wadler" title="Joyce Wadler">Joyce Wadler</a>, American writer, memoirist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Watling" title="Deborah Watling">Deborah Watling</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wanda_Seux" title="Wanda Seux">Wanda Seux</a>, Paraguayan vedette, dancer and actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Foreman" title="Wally Foreman">Wally Foreman</a>, Australian media icon (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Lange" title="Ted Lange">Ted Lange</a>, African-American actor, director (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Boat" title="The Love Boat">The Love Boat</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Gardner_(astronaut)" title="Guy Gardner (astronaut)">Guy Gardener</a>, American astronaut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Wise" title="Bob Wise">Bob Wise</a>, Governor of West Virginia</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Loggins" title="Kenny Loggins">Kenny Loggins</a>, American rock singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Footloose_(song)" title="Footloose (song)">Footloose</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichirou_Mizuki" title="Ichirou Mizuki">Ichirou Mizuki</a>, Japanese voice actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remu_Aaltonen" title="Remu Aaltonen">Remu Aaltonen</a>, Finnish musician<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fagen" title="Donald Fagen">Donald Fagen</a>, American rock keyboardist (<i><a href="/wiki/Steely_Dan" title="Steely Dan">Steely Dan</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Graves" title="Teresa Graves">Teresa Graves</a>, African-American actress and comedian (<i><a href="/wiki/Get_Christie_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="Get Christie Love">Get Christie Love</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischa_Maisky" title="Mischa Maisky">Mischa Maisky</a>, Latvian cellist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Wajima" title="Hiroshi Wajima">Hiroshi Wajima</a>, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Goodkind" title="Terry Goodkind">Terry Goodkind</a>, American writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danne_Larsson" title="Danne Larsson">Danne Larsson</a>, Swedish musician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Allen_(footballer)" title="Kenny Allen (footballer)">Kenny Allen</a>, English footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Andrews" title="Anthony Andrews">Anthony Andrews</a>, English actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._Krishnasamy" title="V. Krishnasamy">V. Krishnasamy</a>, Malaysian footballer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_David" title="Françoise David">Françoise David</a>, Canadian spokesperson</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a>, American record producer, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhriz_of_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan">Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan</a>, Yamtuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Weathers" title="Carl Weathers">Carl Weathers</a>, African-American actor, football player (<i><a href="/wiki/Rocky_IV" title="Rocky IV">Rocky IV</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Action_Jackson_(1988_film)" title="Action Jackson (1988 film)">Action Jackson</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Van_Zant" title="Ronnie Van Zant">Ronnie Van Zant</a>, American rock musician (<i><a href="/wiki/Lynyrd_Skynyrd" title="Lynyrd Skynyrd">Lynyrd Skynyrd</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Carpenter" title="John Carpenter">John Carpenter</a>, American film director, producer, screenwriter and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Gysi" title="Gregor Gysi">Gregor Gysi</a>, German politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Thorburn" title="Cliff Thorburn">Cliff Thorburn</a>, Canadian snooker player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsuneo_Horiuchi" title="Tsuneo Horiuchi">Tsuneo Horiuchi</a>, Japanese baseball pitcher, manager</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_T._James" title="Billy T. James">Billy T. James</a>, New Zealand comedian, musician and actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Oddsson" title="Davíð Oddsson">Davíð Oddsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Prime Minister of Iceland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/M._C._Gainey" title="M. C. Gainey">M. C. Gainey</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Llewellyn_Lyons" title="Robert Llewellyn Lyons">Robert Llewellyn Lyons</a>, Canadian politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Kress" title="Nancy Kress">Nancy Kress</a>, American science fiction writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_L._Ross" title="Jerry L. Ross">Jerry L. Ross</a>, American air engineer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Holabird" title="Katharine Holabird">Katharine Holabird</a>, American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitoji_Yabunaka" title="Mitoji Yabunaka">Mitoji Yabunaka</a>, Japanese politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_N%C3%A9meth" title="Miklós Németh">Miklós Németh</a>, Hungarian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Hungary from 1988 until 1990</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Baryshnikov" title="Mikhail Baryshnikov">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a>, Russian dancer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilkka_Kanerva" title="Ilkka Kanerva">Ilkka Kanerva</a>, Finnish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(Liberian_politician)" title="Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)">Charles Taylor</a>, Liberian politician, 22nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Liberia" title="President of Liberia">President of Liberia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marc_Singer" title="Marc Singer">Marc Singer</a>, Canadian actor (<i><a href="/wiki/V_(1983_miniseries)" title="V (1983 miniseries)">V</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a>, Japanese chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Magee" title="Paul Magee">Paul Magee</a>, Provisional Irish Republican Army member</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jabara" title="Paul Jabara">Paul Jabara</a>, American actor, singer and songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muneo_Suzuki" title="Muneo Suzuki">Muneo Suzuki</a>, Japanese politician</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_2">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg/100px-Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg/150px-Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg/200px-Henning_Mankell_3_2011_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="1924" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henning_Mankell" title="Henning Mankell">Henning Mankell</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg/100px-Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg/150px-Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg/200px-Dom_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Felipe_Ximenes_Belo" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Alice_Cooper_2017-08-05_Wacken_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2908" data-file-height="3572" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guest4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Guest4.jpg/100px-Guest4.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Guest4.jpg/150px-Guest4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Guest4.jpg/200px-Guest4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Guest" title="Christopher Guest">Christopher Guest</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Barbara_Hershey_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1947" data-file-height="2843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peters_in_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Peters_in_08.jpg/100px-Peters_in_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Peters_in_08.jpg/150px-Peters_in_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Peters_in_08.jpg/200px-Peters_in_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rick_James" title="Rick James">Rick James</a>, African-American urban singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Garten" title="Ina Garten">Ina Garten</a>, American cooking author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williamson" title="Roger Williamson">Roger Williamson</a>, British race car driver (d. <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo</a>, East Timorean Catholic bishop, recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Mankell" title="Henning Mankell">Henning Mankell</a>, Swedish crime novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>, American hard rock singer and musician (<i><a href="/wiki/School%27s_Out_(song)" title="School's Out (song)">School's Out</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Baran_Yadav" title="Ram Baran Yadav">Ram Baran Yadav</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nepal" title="President of Nepal">President of Nepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dornan" title="Jim Dornan">Jim Dornan</a>, Northern Irish obstetrician and gynecologist (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sven-G%C3%B6ran_Eriksson" title="Sven-Göran Eriksson">Sven-Göran Eriksson</a>, Swedish football manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Guest" title="Christopher Guest">Christopher Guest</a>, American actor, screenwriter, director and composer (<i><a href="/wiki/National_Lampoon_(magazine)" title="National Lampoon (magazine)">National Lampoon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hershey" title="Barbara Hershey">Barbara Hershey</a>, American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Beaches_(1988_film)" title="Beaches (1988 film)">Beaches</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wilkinson" title="Tom Wilkinson">Tom Wilkinson</a>, English actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Greenspoon" title="Jimmy Greenspoon">Jimmy Greenspoon</a>, American keyboardist, composer (<i><a href="/wiki/Three_Dog_Night" title="Three Dog Night">Three Dog Night</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dan_Seals" title="Dan Seals">Dan Seals</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Hayman" title="David Hayman">David Hayman</a>, Scottish film, television and stage actor, director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Stafford_(game_designer)" title="Greg Stafford (game designer)">Greg Stafford</a>, American game designer, publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Bssar%C4%B8ak_K%27ujaukitso%C4%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Ûssarĸak K'ujaukitsoĸ">Ûssarĸak K'ujaukitsoĸ</a>, Greenlandic Inuit politician, human rights activist (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Magnier" title="John Magnier">John Magnier</a>, Irish businessman, thoroughbred racehorse breeder</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chris_Rush" title="Chris Rush">Chris Rush</a>, American stand-up comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Kurzweil" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Kurzweil">Raymond Kurzweil</a>, American inventor, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kitten_Natividad" title="Kitten Natividad">Kitten Natividad</a>, Mexican-American film actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Martling" title="Jackie Martling">Jackie Martling</a>, American comedian, radio personality</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Tax" title="Wally Tax">Wally Tax</a>, Dutch musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_(magician)" title="Teller (magician)">Raymond Teller</a>, American illusionist and magician, one half of the duo <a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller" title="Penn & Teller">Penn & Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehuda_Shoenfeld" title="Yehuda Shoenfeld">Yehuda Shoenfeld</a>, Israeli physician, autoimmunity researcher</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Larry_DiTillio" title="Larry DiTillio">Larry DiTillio</a>, American film and TV series writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eckhart_Tolle" title="Eckhart Tolle">Eckhart Tolle</a>, German-Canadian spiritual author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Cserhalmi" title="György Cserhalmi">György Cserhalmi</a>, Hungarian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Jos%C3%A9" title="José José">José José</a>, Mexican singer, actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_Cusack" title="Sinéad Cusack">Sinéad Cusack</a>, Irish actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn" title="Pim Fortuyn">Pim Fortuyn</a>, Dutch politician, author (d. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Iommi" title="Tony Iommi">Tony Iommi</a>, English heavy metal guitarist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Sackler" title="Elizabeth Sackler">Elizabeth Sackler</a>, American activist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_O%27Neill" title="Jennifer O'Neill">Jennifer O'Neill</a>, American model, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Vander_(musician)" title="Christian Vander (musician)">Christian Vander (musician)</a>, French drummer, founder of progressive rock/Zeuhl group Magma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashton_(actor)" title="John Ashton (actor)">John Ashton</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_H._Sabo_Jr." title="Leslie H. Sabo Jr.">Leslie H. Sabo Jr.</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jayalalithaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayalalithaa">Jayalalithaa</a>, Indian politician, film actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Smith" title="Walter Smith">Walter Smith</a>, Scottish football manager (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Danny_Denzongpa" title="Danny Denzongpa">Danny Denzongpa</a>, Indian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a>, American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Figgis" title="Mike Figgis">Mike Figgis</a>, American director, screenwriter and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Isaksson" title="Kjell Isaksson">Kjell Isaksson</a>, Swedish pole vaulter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Peters" title="Bernadette Peters">Bernadette Peters</a>, American actress, singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Ruehl" title="Mercedes Ruehl">Mercedes Ruehl</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sant" title="Alfred Sant">Alfred Sant</a>, Leader of Malta Labour Party (1992–), Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_29" title="February 29">February 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Salleh" title="Khalid Salleh">Khalid Salleh</a>, Malaysian actor, poet (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Foree" title="Ken Foree">Ken Foree</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Small_(singer)" title="Henry Small (singer)">Henry Small</a>, American-born Canadian singer</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_2">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg/100px-Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg/150px-Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg/200px-Eddy_Grant_at_Supreme_Court_Gardens_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Grant" title="Eddy Grant">Eddy Grant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg/100px-James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg/150px-James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg/200px-James_Taylor_-_Columbia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Billy_Crystal_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="3508" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg/100px-S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg/150px-S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg/200px-S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="1233" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello" title="Sérgio Vieira de Mello">Sérgio Vieira de Mello</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AndrewLloydWebber3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/AndrewLloydWebber3.png/100px-AndrewLloydWebber3.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/AndrewLloydWebber3.png/150px-AndrewLloydWebber3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/AndrewLloydWebber3.png/200px-AndrewLloydWebber3.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1833" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/100px-Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/150px-Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/200px-Steven_Tyler_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steven_Tyler" title="Steven Tyler">Steven Tyler</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg/100px-RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg/150px-RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg/200px-RheaPerlmanAug2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Perlman" title="Rhea Perlman">Rhea Perlman</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Gore,_Vice_President_of_the_United_States,_official_portrait_1994_(a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/100px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/150px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg/200px-Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994_%28a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gopanarayan_Das" title="Gopanarayan Das">Gopanarayan Das</a>, Indian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._T._Crowley" title="R. T. Crowley">R. T. Crowley</a>, American pioneer of electronic commerce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Gallagher" title="Rory Gallagher">Rory Gallagher</a>, Irish musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Kennett" title="Jeff Kennett">Jeff Kennett</a>, Australian politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Wilhite" title="Steve Wilhite">Steve Wilhite</a>, American computer scientist, developer of the <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> image format at <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> in 1987 (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindy_Chamberlain-Creighton" title="Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton">Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton</a>, Australian author (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Cry_in_the_Dark" class="mw-redirect" title="A Cry in the Dark">A Cry in the Dark</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ellroy" title="James Ellroy">James Ellroy</a>, American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Grieve" title="Tom Grieve">Tom Grieve</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leron_Lee" title="Leron Lee">Leron Lee</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Squire" title="Chris Squire">Chris Squire</a>, English bassist (<a href="/wiki/Yes_(band)" title="Yes (band)">Yes</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakin%27_Stevens" title="Shakin' Stevens">Shakin' Stevens</a>, Welsh singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cummings" title="Brian Cummings">Brian Cummings</a>, American voice actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Grant" title="Eddy Grant">Eddy Grant</a>, Guyanese British singer, musician ("<a href="/wiki/Electric_Avenue_(song)" title="Electric Avenue (song)">Electric Avenue</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Paige" title="Elaine Paige">Elaine Paige</a>, English singer, actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Horsford" title="Anna Maria Horsford">Anna Maria Horsford</a>, African-American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Amen_(TV_series)" title="Amen (TV series)">Amen</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinta_Nuriyah" title="Sinta Nuriyah">Sinta Nuriyah</a>, 4th <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="First Lady of Indonesia">First Lady of Indonesia</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Wahid" title="Abdurrahman Wahid">Abdurrahman Wahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Sacks">Jonathan Sacks</a>, British Orthodox rabbi, philosopher, theologian, author and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Lov%C3%A1sz" title="László Lovász">László Lovász</a>, Hungarian mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Osborne" title="Jeffrey Osborne">Jeffrey Osborne</a>, American singer ("<a href="/wiki/On_the_Wings_of_Love_(song)" title="On the Wings of Love (song)">On the Wings of Love</a>")</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doug_Clark_(serial_killer)" title="Doug Clark (serial killer)">Doug Clark</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Serial_killer" title="Serial killer">serial killer</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Sanda" title="Dominique Sanda">Dominique Sanda</a>, French actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a>, American singer, songwriter ("<a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rain_(song)" title="Fire and Rain (song)">Fire and Rain</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_A._de_Gosson" title="Maurice A. de Gosson">Maurice A. de Gosson</a>, Austrian mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Billy_Crystal" title="Billy Crystal">Billy Crystal</a>, American actor, comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Vieira_de_Mello" title="Sérgio Vieira de Mello">Sérgio Vieira de Mello</a>, Brazilian diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Weis" title="Margaret Weis">Margaret Weis</a>, American science fiction writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a>, American/Canadian writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_B._Harris" title="Jessica B. Harris">Jessica B. Harris</a>, American historian and journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Whitlock" title="Bobby Whitlock">Bobby Whitlock</a>, American singer and songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Lancie" title="John de Lancie">John de Lancie</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Orr" title="Bobby Orr">Bobby Orr</a>, Canadian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helene_Vannari" title="Helene Vannari">Helene Vannari</a>, Estonian actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inri_Cristo" title="Inri Cristo">Inri Cristo</a>, Brazilian educator who claims to be Jesus Christ reincarnated</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer" title="Wolf Blitzer">Wolf Blitzer</a>, American television journalist (<a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a>, English composer (<i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar" title="Jesus Christ Superstar">Jesus Christ Superstar</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bedelia" title="Bonnie Bedelia">Bonnie Bedelia</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nash_the_Slash" title="Nash the Slash">Nash the Slash</a> (b. James Jeffrey Plewman), Canadian musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Tyler" title="Steven Tyler">Steven Tyler</a>, American rock singer, songwriter (<a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Ann_Krentz" title="Jayne Ann Krentz">Jayne Ann Krentz</a>, American novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dianne_Wiest" title="Dianne Wiest">Dianne Wiest</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Heideman" title="Mike Heideman">Mike Heideman</a>, American basketball coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Cort" title="Bud Cort">Bud Cort</a>, American actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Harold_and_Maude" title="Harold and Maude">Harold and Maude</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Jordan" title="Eddie Jordan">Eddie Jordan</a>, Irish founder of <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix" title="Jordan Grand Prix">Jordan Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Perlman" title="Rhea Perlman">Rhea Perlman</a>, American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Cheers" title="Cheers">Cheers</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, American politician and environmentalist, 45th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_2">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_Salinas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Carlos_Salinas.jpg/100px-Carlos_Salinas.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Carlos_Salinas.jpg/150px-Carlos_Salinas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Carlos_Salinas.jpg/200px-Carlos_Salinas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Salinas_de_Gortari" title="Carlos Salinas de Gortari">Carlos Salinas de Gortari</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg/100px-Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg/150px-Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg/200px-Frank_W._Abagnale_in_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frank_Abagnale" title="Frank Abagnale">Frank Abagnale</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg/100px-10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg/150px-10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg/200px-10.12.12TerryPratchettByLuigiNovi1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1303" data-file-height="1687" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Cliff" title="Jimmy Cliff">Jimmy Cliff</a>, Jamaican singer, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Lienhard" title="Bob Lienhard">Bob Lienhard</a>, American basketball player (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Als" title="Roald Als">Roald Als</a>, Danish cartoonist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Salinas_de_Gortari" title="Carlos Salinas de Gortari">Carlos Salinas de Gortari</a>, Mexican economist, politician and 53rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mexico" title="President of Mexico">President of Mexico</a> (1988–1994)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squire_Parsons" title="Squire Parsons">Squire Parsons</a>, American gospel singer, songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Simmons" title="Dan Simmons">Dan Simmons</a>, American fantasy, science fiction author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Oakley" title="Berry Oakley">Berry Oakley</a>, American musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neil_Portnow" title="Neil Portnow">Neil Portnow</a>, American President of <a href="/wiki/The_Recording_Academy" title="The Recording Academy">The Recording Academy</a> (NARAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnie_Robinson" title="Arnie Robinson">Arnie Robinson</a>, American Olympic Long jump champion (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oates" title="John Oates">John Oates</a>, American rock singer, guitarist (<i><a href="/wiki/Hall_%26_Oates" title="Hall & Oates">Hall & Oates</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Anastasi" title="Pietro Anastasi">Pietro Anastasi</a>, Italian football player (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bachchan" title="Jaya Bachchan">Jaya Bachchan</a>, Indian actress and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fauzi_Bowo" title="Fauzi Bowo">Fauzi Bowo</a>, Indonesian politician and diplomat, governor of <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Beadle" title="Jeremy Beadle">Jeremy Beadle</a>, English TV presenter (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Fernando" title="Don Fernando">Don Fernando</a>, American pornographic film actor, director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joschka_Fischer" title="Joschka Fischer">Joschka Fischer</a>, German politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Lippi" title="Marcello Lippi">Marcello Lippi</a>, Italian football player, manager</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nam_Hae-il" title="Nam Hae-il">Nam Hae-il</a>, 25th Chief of Naval Operations of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">Republic of Korea Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Shufutinsky" title="Mikhail Shufutinsky">Mikhail Shufutinsky</a>, Soviet, Russian singer, actor and TV presenter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kamen" title="Michael Kamen">Michael Kamen</a>, American composer (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_El_Sherei" title="Ammar El Sherei">Ammar El Sherei</a>, Egyptian music icon, celebrity (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuyuki_Sogabe" title="Kazuyuki Sogabe">Kazuyuki Sogabe</a>, Japanese voice actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hammer" title="Jan Hammer">Jan Hammer</a>, Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and keyboardist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jenni" title="Peter Jenni">Peter Jenni</a>, Swiss experimental particle physicist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Avi_Arad" title="Avi Arad">Avi Arad</a>, Israeli-American film producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Milgrom" title="Paul Milgrom">Paul Milgrom</a>, American economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Davis_(singer)" title="Paul Davis (singer)">Paul Davis</a>, American singer, songwriter (<i><a href="/wiki/Cool_Night" title="Cool Night">Cool Night</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Flammer" title="Josef Flammer">Josef Flammer</a>, Swiss ophthalmologist (after whom <a href="/wiki/Flammer_syndrome" title="Flammer syndrome">Flammer syndrome</a> is named)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Sz%C3%ADv%C3%B3s_(water_polo,_born_1948)" title="István Szívós (water polo, born 1948)">István Szívós</a>, Hungarian water polo player (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Kumar_Bohara" title="Amrit Kumar Bohara">Amrit Kumar Bohara</a>, Nepalese politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Abagnale" title="Frank Abagnale">Frank Abagnale</a>, American con man, imposter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si_Robertson" title="Si Robertson">Si Robertson</a>, American reality star, preacher, hunter, outdoorsman and U.S. Army veteran</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Pratchett" title="Terry Pratchett">Terry Pratchett</a>, English comic fantasy, science fiction author (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Strassman" title="Marcia Strassman">Marcia Strassman</a>, American actress, singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Welcome_Back,_Kotter" title="Welcome Back, Kotter">Welcome Back, Kotter</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Karoli" title="Michael Karoli">Michael Karoli</a>, German musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jocelyne_Saab" title="Jocelyne Saab">Jocelyne Saab</a>, Lebanese journalist, film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_2">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga,_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-George_Tupou_V_of_Tonga%2C_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1849" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Tupou_V" title="George Tupou V">George Tupou V</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve-Winwood2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Steve-Winwood2.jpg/100px-Steve-Winwood2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Steve-Winwood2.jpg/150px-Steve-Winwood2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Steve-Winwood2.jpg/200px-Steve-Winwood2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_Eno_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg/100px-Brian_Eno_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg/150px-Brian_Eno_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Brian_Eno_2008.jpg/200px-Brian_Eno_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_(Vivid)_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_%28Vivid%29_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg/100px-Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_%28Vivid%29_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_%28Vivid%29_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg/150px-Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_%28Vivid%29_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_%28Vivid%29_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg/200px-Grace_Jones_at_Carriageworks_%28Vivid%29_-_1st_June_2015_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Grace_Jones" title="Grace Jones">Grace Jones</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sayer.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sayer.JPG/100px-Sayer.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sayer.JPG/150px-Sayer.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Sayer.JPG/200px-Sayer.JPG 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leo_Sayer" title="Leo Sayer">Leo Sayer</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klaus_Meine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Klaus_Meine.jpg/100px-Klaus_Meine.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Klaus_Meine.jpg/150px-Klaus_Meine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Klaus_Meine.jpg/200px-Klaus_Meine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Meine" title="Klaus Meine">Klaus Meine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Stevie_Nicks_-_In_Your_Dreams_Premiere_March_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Nicks" title="Stevie Nicks">Stevie Nicks</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg/100px-Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg/150px-Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg/200px-Swetlana_Alexijewitsch_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Bonham_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/John_Bonham_1975.jpg/100px-John_Bonham_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/John_Bonham_1975.jpg/150px-John_Bonham_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/John_Bonham_1975.jpg/200px-John_Bonham_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Bonham" title="John Bonham">John Bonham</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Matorin" title="Vladimir Matorin">Vladimir Matorin</a>, Russian opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gatlin" title="Larry Gatlin">Larry Gatlin</a>, American singer, songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Miller_(writer)" title="William H. Miller (writer)">William H. Miller</a>, American maritime historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Mulkey" title="Chris Mulkey">Chris Mulkey</a>, American actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Kant%C5%AFrek" title="Jan Kantůrek">Jan Kantůrek</a>, Czech translator (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Falan_Welk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanya Falan Welk">Tanya Falan</a>, American singer</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/George_Tupou_V" title="George Tupou V">George Tupou V</a> of Tonga (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Esposito_(singer)" title="Joe Esposito (singer)">Joe Esposito</a>, American singer, songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pacheco" title="Richard Pacheco">Richard Pacheco</a>, American pornographic actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ward_(musician)" title="Bill Ward (musician)">Bill Ward</a>, English rock drummer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susan_Atkins" title="Susan Atkins">Susan Atkins</a>, convicted murderer and ex-follower of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Manson" title="Charles Manson">Charles Manson</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> <ul><li>Dame <a href="/wiki/Felicity_Lott" title="Felicity Lott">Felicity Lott</a>, English soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Stohn" title="Stephen Stohn">Stephen Stohn</a>, Canadian television producer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_W._Mosher" title="Steven W. Mosher">Steven W. Mosher</a>, American social scientist, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Murphy" title="Calvin Murphy">Calvin Murphy</a>, American basketball player, analyst</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meg_Foster" title="Meg Foster">Meg Foster</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pam_Ferris" title="Pam Ferris">Pam Ferris</a>, Welsh actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Izumiya" title="Shigeru Izumiya">Shigeru Izumiya</a>, Japanese musician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Winwood" title="Steve Winwood">Steve Winwood</a>, English rock singer ("<a href="/wiki/Higher_Love" title="Higher Love">Higher Love</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Crouse" title="Lindsay Crouse">Lindsay Crouse</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woolmer" title="Bob Woolmer">Bob Woolmer</a>, Indian-born English cricket coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutaka_Enatsu" title="Yutaka Enatsu">Yutaka Enatsu</a>, Japanese professional baseball pitcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a>, English musician, record producer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Christensen" title="Jesper Christensen">Jesper Christensen</a>, Danish actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Penny_DeHaven" title="Penny DeHaven">Penny DeHaven</a>, American country singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Harrison" title="Olivia Harrison">Olivia Harrison</a>, American author and film producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikko_Heini%C3%B6" title="Mikko Heiniö">Mikko Heiniö</a>, Finnish composer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grace_Jones" title="Grace Jones">Grace Jones</a>, Jamaican singer, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tessh%C5%8D_Genda" title="Tesshō Genda">Tesshō Genda</a>, Japanese voice actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Jamin_Bartlett" title="D'Jamin Bartlett">D'Jamin Bartlett</a>, American musical theatre actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Buchan" title="Elizabeth Buchan">Elizabeth Buchan</a>, English writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hyde" title="Jonathan Hyde">Jonathan Hyde</a>, Australian-born English actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Potter_(actress)" title="Carol Potter (actress)">Carol Potter</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Sayer" title="Leo Sayer">Leo Sayer</a>, English rock musician ("<a href="/wiki/When_I_Need_You" title="When I Need You">When I Need You</a>")</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gary_McCord" title="Gary McCord">Gary McCord</a>, American professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Meine" title="Klaus Meine">Klaus Meine</a>, German singer (<a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayle_Haddon" title="Dayle Haddon">Dayle Haddon</a>, Canadian model, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Nicks" title="Stevie Nicks">Stevie Nicks</a>, American rock singer, songwriter (<a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wubbo_de_Boer" title="Wubbo de Boer">Wubbo de Boer</a>, Dutch civil servant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berkeley" title="Michael Berkeley">Michael Berkeley</a>, English composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Schechter" title="Paul L. Schechter">Paul L. Schechter</a>, American astronomer and cosmologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a>, Belarusian writer of literary reportage, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Bellingham" title="Lynda Bellingham">Lynda Bellingham</a>, English actress, broadcaster and author (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bonham" title="John Bonham">John Bonham</a>, English rock drummer (<a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_2">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Phylicia_Rashad_1998a_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="2124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad" title="Phylicia Rashad">Phylicia Rashad</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG/100px-Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG/150px-Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG/200px-Andrzej_Sapkowski_-_Lucca_Comics_and_Games_2015_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Sapkowski" title="Andrzej Sapkowski">Andrzej Sapkowski</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Kathy_Bates_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Bates" title="Kathy Bates">Kathy Bates</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ian_Paice_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ian_Paice_2005.jpg/100px-Ian_Paice_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ian_Paice_2005.jpg/150px-Ian_Paice_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Ian_Paice_2005.jpg/200px-Ian_Paice_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ian_Paice" title="Ian Paice">Ian Paice</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_Boothe" title="Powers Boothe">Powers Boothe</a>, American actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Guyana_Tragedy:_The_Story_of_Jim_Jones" title="Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones">Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sneva" title="Tom Sneva">Tom Sneva</a>, American race car driver, <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_500" title="Indianapolis 500">Indianapolis 500</a> winner</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Mathers" title="Jerry Mathers">Jerry Mathers</a>, American actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Leave_It_to_Beaver" title="Leave It to Beaver">Leave It to Beaver</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Franzetti" title="Carlos Franzetti">Carlos Franzetti</a>, Argentine composer and arranger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Champion" title="Bob Champion">Bob Champion</a>, English jump jockey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Haskell" title="David Haskell">David Haskell</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Sinclair" title="Richard Sinclair">Richard Sinclair</a>, English musician (<i><a href="/wiki/Caravan_(band)" title="Caravan (band)">Caravan</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_C._Walton" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim C. Walton">Jim C. Walton</a>, American business person, (<i><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_der_Lippe" title="Jürgen von der Lippe">Jürgen von der Lippe</a>, German television presenter, actor and comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jad_Azkoul" title="Jad Azkoul">Jad Azkoul</a>, Lebanese-American classical guitarist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gudrun_Schyman" title="Gudrun Schyman">Gudrun Schyman</a>, Swedish politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Thorne" title="Gary Thorne">Gary Thorne</a>, American play-by-play announcer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Subrata_Roy" title="Subrata Roy">Subrata Roy</a>, Indian businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dave_Cash_(baseball)" title="Dave Cash (baseball)">Dave Cash</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sadegh_Zibakalam" title="Sadegh Zibakalam">Sadegh Zibakalam</a>, Iranian academic reformist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garnet_Bailey" title="Garnet Bailey">Garnet Bailey</a>, Canadian hockey player, scout (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Yep" title="Laurence Yep">Laurence Yep</a>, American author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Michiels" title="Paul Michiels">Paul Michiels</a>, Belgian singer, songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Terry_Schofield" title="Terry Schofield">Terry Schofield</a>, American basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dave_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Dave Concepción">Dave Concepción</a>, Venezuelan baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Turkle" title="Sherry Turkle">Sherry Turkle</a>, American science/social studies professor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer_Halfin" title="Eliezer Halfin">Eliezer Halfin</a>, Israeli wrestler (d. <a href="/wiki/1972" title="1972">1972</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Drake" title="Nick Drake">Nick Drake</a>, English musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Laven" title="Lea Laven">Lea Laven</a>, Finnish singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylicia_Rashad" title="Phylicia Rashad">Phylicia Rashad</a>, African-American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Cosby_Show" title="The Cosby Show">The Cosby Show</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_de_Montchalin" title="Véronique de Montchalin">Véronique de Montchalin</a>, French politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mara_Henry" title="Diana Mara Henry">Diana Mara Henry</a>, American freelance photojournalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Longmuir" title="Alan Longmuir">Alan Longmuir</a>, Scottish musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Scotty" title="Ludwig Scotty">Ludwig Scotty</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Nauru" title="President of Nauru">President of Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tina_Sinatra" title="Tina Sinatra">Tina Sinatra</a>, American singer, actress, film producer and memoirist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Airey" title="Don Airey">Don Airey</a>, British musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Rose" title="Lionel Rose">Lionel Rose</a>, Australian boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jovan_A%C4%87imovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Aćimović">Jovan Aćimović</a>, Serbian football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaello_Martinelli" title="Raffaello Martinelli">Raffaello Martinelli</a>, Italian prelate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Sarde" title="Philippe Sarde">Philippe Sarde</a>, French film composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Sapkowski" title="Andrzej Sapkowski">Andrzej Sapkowski</a>, Polish writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Seel" title="Wolfgang Seel">Wolfgang Seel</a>, German football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hyder" title="Greg Hyder">Greg Hyder</a>, American professional basketball player</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Sasano" title="Takashi Sasano">Takashi Sasano</a>, Japanese actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhaku_Okumura" title="Shōhaku Okumura">Shōhaku Okumura</a>, Japanese Soto Zen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Prijdekker" title="Peter Prijdekker">Peter Prijdekker</a>, Dutch swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Roberts" title="Sue Roberts">Sue Roberts</a>, American professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Rundgren" title="Todd Rundgren">Todd Rundgren</a>, American rock singer, record producer (<i><a href="/wiki/Hello_It%27s_Me" title="Hello It's Me">Hello It's Me</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Johnson_(cornerback)" title="Curtis Johnson (cornerback)">Curtis Johnson</a>, American football cornerback</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_Smuda" title="Franciszek Smuda">Franciszek Smuda</a>, Polish football coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagiotis_Xanthakos" title="Panagiotis Xanthakos">Panagiotis Xanthakos</a>, Greek sports shoote</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Waldron" title="Colin Waldron">Colin Waldron</a>, English football defender</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Coker" title="Larry Coker">Larry Coker</a>, American football player, coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Heacock" title="Jim Heacock">Jim Heacock</a>, American defensive coordinator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Kent" title="Luther Kent">Luther Kent</a>, American blues singer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Martin_(Australian_politician)" title="Stephen Martin (Australian politician)">Stephen Martin</a>, Australian politician, senior academic and rugby league referee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moraz" title="Patrick Moraz">Patrick Moraz</a>, Swiss keyboard player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Museveni" title="Janet Museveni">Janet Museveni</a>, First Lady of Uganda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Orchard" title="Dave Orchard">Dave Orchard</a>, South African cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigil_S%C3%B8rensen" title="Eigil Sørensen">Eigil Sørensen</a>, Danish cyclist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Stars" title="Jürgen Stars">Jürgen Stars</a>, German footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Wood" title="Jenny Wood">Jenny Wood</a>, Zimbabwean swimmer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenn_George" title="Kenn George">Kenn George</a>, American businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lembeck" title="Michael Lembeck">Michael Lembeck</a>, American actor, television and film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Rideout" title="Tom Rideout">Tom Rideout</a>, Canadian politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Vaughan_(golfer)" title="David Vaughan (golfer)">David Vaughan</a>, Welsh professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pratt_(footballer)" title="John Pratt (footballer)">John Pratt</a>, English professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Anaya_Rivera" title="Pablo Anaya Rivera">Pablo Anaya Rivera</a>, Mexican politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vennira_Aadai_Nirmala" title="Vennira Aadai Nirmala">Vennira Aadai Nirmala</a>, Tamil actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Barrett" title="Michael J. Barrett">Michael J. Barrett</a>, Guamanian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camile_Baudoin" class="mw-redirect" title="Camile Baudoin">Camile Baudoin</a>, American rock guitarist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Moggach" title="Deborah Moggach">Deborah Moggach</a>, English writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Bates" title="Kathy Bates">Kathy Bates</a>, American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Misery_(film)" title="Misery (film)">Misery</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Thomson_(footballer,_born_1948)" title="Jimmy Thomson (footballer, born 1948)">Jimmy Thomson</a>, Scottish professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Rowan" title="Brian Rowan">Brian Rowan</a>, Scottish professional footballer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Adcock" title="Danny Adcock">Danny Adcock</a>, Australian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_Brooks" title="Vic Brooks">Vic Brooks</a>, English cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Burke" title="Leo Burke">Leo Burke</a>, Canadian professional wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Grandy" title="Fred Grandy">Fred Grandy</a>, American actor, politician (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Love_Boat" title="The Love Boat">The Love Boat</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helge_Karlsen" title="Helge Karlsen">Helge Karlsen</a>, Norwegian football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Paice" title="Ian Paice">Ian Paice</a>, English musician (<i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Prashar,_Baroness_Prashar" title="Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar">Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar</a>, crossbench member of the House of Lords</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong" title="Alice Wong">Alice Wong</a>, Canadian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Forn%C3%A6ss" title="Dag Fornæss">Dag Fornæss</a>, Norwegian speed skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Rossborough" title="Peter Rossborough">Peter Rossborough</a>, English rugby union international</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galarrwuy_Yunupingu" title="Galarrwuy Yunupingu">Galarrwuy Yunupingu</a>, Australian Indigenous community leader (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yakunin" title="Vladimir Yakunin">Vladimir Yakunin</a>, Russian official, head of state-run <a href="/wiki/Russian_Railways" title="Russian Railways">Russian Railways</a> Company</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Leo_Burke" title="Raymond Leo Burke">Raymond Leo Burke</a>, American cardinal, prelate</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_2">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg/100px-Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg/150px-Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg/200px-Jeremy_Spencer_-_2009-06-14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Spencer" title="Jeremy Spencer">Jeremy Spencer</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg/100px-Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg/150px-Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg/200px-Nathalie_Baye_Cannes_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Baye" title="Nathalie Baye">Nathalie Baye</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg/100px-RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg/150px-RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg/200px-RichardSimmonsSept2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_Simmons" title="Richard Simmons">Richard Simmons</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg/100px-Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg/150px-Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg/200px-Daphne_Maxwell_Reid_at_USDA_Women%E2%80%99s_History_Month_Celebration_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4081" data-file-height="6144" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Maxwell_Reid" title="Daphne Maxwell Reid">Daphne Maxwell Reid</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/100px-Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/150px-Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/200px-Ruben_Blades_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Blades" title="Rubén Blades">Rubén Blades</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg/100px-Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg/150px-Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg/200px-Yusuf_Islam_BBC2_Folk_Awards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="3645" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg/100px-Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg/150px-Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg/200px-Former_U.S._Olympian_Peggy_Fleming_holds_a_Gold_at_the_Pavilion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Fleming" title="Peggy Fleming">Peggy Fleming</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg/100px-Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg/150px-Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg/200px-Jean_Reno_Cannes_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Reno" title="Jean Reno">Jean Reno</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ever_Hugo_Almeida" class="mw-redirect" title="Ever Hugo Almeida">Ever Hugo Almeida</a>, Paraguayan footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hap_Farber" title="Hap Farber">Hap Farber</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_football_linebacker" class="mw-redirect" title="American football linebacker">American football linebacker</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford_(musician)" title="John Ford (musician)">John Ford</a>, English-born rock musician (<i><a href="/wiki/Strawbs" title="Strawbs">Strawbs</a></i>), writer of <i><a href="/wiki/Part_of_the_Union" title="Part of the Union">Part of the Union</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McGimpsey" title="Michael McGimpsey">Michael McGimpsey</a>, Northern Ireland politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Villanueva" title="Mario Villanueva">Mario Villanueva</a>, Mexican politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Rubinek" title="Saul Rubinek">Saul Rubinek</a>, German-Canadian character actor, director, producer and playwright</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tarmo_Koivisto" title="Tarmo Koivisto">Tarmo Koivisto</a>, Finnish comics artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Arnoux" title="René Arnoux">René Arnoux</a>, French racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Rapha%C3%ABl_I_Sako" title="Louis Raphaël I Sako">Louis Raphaël I Sako</a>, Head of the Chaldean Catholic Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Armbrister" title="Ed Armbrister">Ed Armbrister</a>, Bahamian Major League Baseball outfielder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazmul_Hussain" title="Nazmul Hussain">Nazmul Hussain</a>, Indian first-class cricketer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Spencer" title="Jeremy Spencer">Jeremy Spencer</a>, British musician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_DeMeo" title="Tony DeMeo">Tony DeMeo</a>, American football coach, player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Lemonds" title="Dave Lemonds">Dave Lemonds</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Juan_Marcos_Issa" title="Salomon Juan Marcos Issa">Salomon Juan Marcos Issa</a>, Mexican politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lojze_Peterle" title="Lojze Peterle">Lojze Peterle</a>, Slovenian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hootkins" title="William Hootkins">William Hootkins</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Baye" title="Nathalie Baye">Nathalie Baye</a>, French actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Webb_(basketball)" title="Jeff Webb (basketball)">Jeff Webb</a>, American professional basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Baptista" title="Arnaldo Baptista">Arnaldo Baptista</a>, Brazilian rock musician, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Park" title="Brad Park">Brad Park</a>, Canadian NHL Defenseman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sid_Smith_(American_football)" title="Sid Smith (American football)">Sid Smith</a>, American football offensive lineman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiko_Segawa" title="Eiko Segawa">Eiko Segawa</a>, Japanese female enka singer, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_der_Veen" title="Jan van der Veen">Jan van der Veen</a>, Dutch professional association football player</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Sherk" title="Jerry Sherk">Jerry Sherk</a>, American football defensive tackle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_LeClerc_(actor)" title="Jean LeClerc (actor)">Jean LeClerc</a>, Québécois actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Colombani" title="Jean-Marie Colombani">Jean-Marie Colombani</a>, French journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Lee_Meng" title="Tan Lee Meng">Tan Lee Meng</a>, Singaporean jurist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Varney" title="Stuart Varney">Stuart Varney</a>, British-American economic consultant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Estrada_(footballer)" title="Luis Estrada (footballer)">Luis Estrada</a>, Mexican football league forward, Olympic athlete</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raffi_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffi (musician)">Raffi</a>, Egyptian-born children's entertainer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theo_B%C3%BCcker" title="Theo Bücker">Theo Bücker</a>, German football manager, player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Coop" title="Mick Coop">Mick Coop</a>, English professional football right back</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Hand" title="Rich Hand">Rich Hand</a>, American professional baseball player</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Simmons" title="Richard Simmons">Richard Simmons</a>, American television personality, fitness expert (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Thomas" title="Jay Thomas">Jay Thomas</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Hansen" title="Alf Hansen">Alf Hansen</a>, Norwegian rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Maxwell_Reid" title="Daphne Maxwell Reid">Daphne Maxwell Reid</a>, African-American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Sweet" title="Don Sweet">Don Sweet</a>, Canadian star football kicker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Underwood" title="Robert A. Underwood">Robert A. Underwood</a>, Guamanian politician, educator</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Goodwill_Zwelithini_kaBhekuzulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu">Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu</a>, Zulu king (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enriqueta_Basilio" title="Enriqueta Basilio">Enriqueta Basilio</a>, Mexican track and field athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Franklin_(director)" title="Richard Franklin (director)">Richard Franklin</a>, Australian film director (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twinkle_(singer)" title="Twinkle (singer)">Twinkle</a>, English singer, songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Blades" title="Rubén Blades">Rubén Blades</a>, Panamanian singer, actor and musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Barber%C3%A1" title="Rita Barberá">Rita Barberá</a>, Spanish politician, Mayor of Valencia (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Lagerb%C3%A4ck" title="Lars Lagerbäck">Lars Lagerbäck</a>, Swedish football manager, player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Van_Wagenen" title="Jeff Van Wagenen">Jeff Van Wagenen</a>, American professional golfer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchas_Zukerman" title="Pinchas Zukerman">Pinchas Zukerman</a>, Israeli violinist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Berry_(Canadian_football)" title="Doug Berry (Canadian football)">Doug Berry</a>, American Canadian football coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sieler" title="Alan Sieler">Alan Sieler</a>, Australian cricketer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a>, German chemist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muse_Watson" title="Muse Watson">Muse Watson</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroun_Elias_Nimeh_Lahham" title="Maroun Elias Nimeh Lahham">Maroun Elias Nimeh Lahham</a>, Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beppe_Grillo" title="Beppe Grillo">Beppe Grillo</a>, Italian activist, blogger, comedian and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Hinton_(sportswriter)" title="Ed Hinton (sportswriter)">Ed Hinton</a>, American sportswriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a> (b. Steven Georgiou, later known as Yusuf Islam), British singer, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garry_Trudeau" title="Garry Trudeau">Garry Trudeau</a>, American cartoonist (<i><a href="/wiki/Doonesbury" title="Doonesbury">Doonesbury</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teruzane_Utada" title="Teruzane Utada">Teruzane Utada</a>, Japanese music executive producer, attendant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Nikolayevich_Zadornov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mikhail Nikolayevich Zadornov">Mikhail Zadornov</a>, Russian stand-up comedian, writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snooty" title="Snooty">Snooty</a>, male Florida manatee (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Berglund" title="Anders Berglund">Anders Berglund</a>, Swedish arranger/composer, conductor and producer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Eloise_Hinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Eloise Hinton">Susan Eloise Hinton</a>, American author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Waalkes" title="Otto Waalkes">Otto Waalkes</a>, German comedian, actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cushnahan" title="John Cushnahan">John Cushnahan</a>, Northern Irish politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Goodman" title="Steve Goodman">Steve Goodman</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Award</a>-winning <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> singer, songwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1984" title="1984">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Cline" title="Tony Cline">Tony Cline</a>, American football player (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Fleming" title="Peggy Fleming">Peggy Fleming</a>, American figure skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Casale" title="Gerald Casale">Gerald Casale</a>, American director, singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a></i>)\</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Engel" title="Georgia Engel">Georgia Engel</a>, American actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Shalev" title="Meir Shalev">Meir Shalev</a> Israeli writer and newspaper columnist for the daily Yedioth Ahronoth. Shalev's books have been translated into 26 languages (d.<a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Reno" title="Jean Reno">Jean Reno</a>, French actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Tsenova" title="Julia Tsenova">Julia Tsenova</a>, Bulgarian composer, musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2010" title="2010">2010</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Dollimore" title="Jonathan Dollimore">Jonathan Dollimore</a>, English academic sociologist, cultural theorist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_2">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg/100px-Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg/150px-Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg/200px-Jean-Pierre_Raffarin_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="3175" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg/100px-Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg/150px-Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg/200px-Deana_Martin_Headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2194" data-file-height="2766" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deana_Martin" title="Deana Martin">Deana Martin</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/100px-John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/150px-John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg/200px-John_Noble_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="2574" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Noble" title="John Noble">John Noble</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre,_Manchester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre%2C_Manchester.jpg/100px-Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre%2C_Manchester.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre%2C_Manchester.jpg/150px-Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre%2C_Manchester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre%2C_Manchester.jpg/200px-Robert_Plant_at_the_Palace_Theatre%2C_Manchester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="2938" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg/100px-10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg/150px-10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg/200px-10.11.13SgtSlaughterByLuigiNovi1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sgt._Slaughter" title="Sgt. Slaughter">Sgt. Slaughter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg/100px-Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg/150px-Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg/200px-Lewis_Black_Aviano_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Black" title="Lewis Black">Lewis Black</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Dennis Prager</a>, American radio talk show host, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a>, Canadian politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Jean-Pierre Raffarin</a>, Prime Minister of France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Giorgio Parisi</a>, Italian theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">James P. Allison</a>, American immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wincey_Willis" title="Wincey Willis">Wincey Willis</a>, British broadcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mizengo_Pinda" title="Mizengo Pinda">Mizengo Pinda</a>, 9th Prime Minister of Tanzania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Battle" title="Kathleen Battle">Kathleen Battle</a>, African-American soprano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marcell" title="Joseph Marcell">Joseph Marcell</a>, English actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Hashemi_Shahroudi" title="Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi">Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi</a>, Iranian cleric, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ryton" title="George Ryton">George Ryton</a>, Singapore-born English Formula One engineer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Scanlan" title="Sean Scanlan">Sean Scanlan</a>, Scottish actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hughes_(actor)" title="Robert Hughes (actor)">Robert Hughes</a>, Australian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deana_Martin" title="Deana Martin">Deana Martin</a>, American singer and actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Noble" title="John Noble">John Noble</a>, Australian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a>, English singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Allen_Rainey" title="Barbara Allen Rainey">Barbara Allen Rainey</a> (b. Barbara Ann Allen), American aviator, first female pilot in the U.S. armed forces (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_21" title="August 21">August 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_M._Draper" title="Sharon M. Draper">Sharon M. Draper</a>, American children's book author (<i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_My_Mind_(novel)" title="Out of My Mind (novel)">Out of My Mind</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Starkie" title="Peter Starkie">Peter Starkie</a>, Australian rock guitarist (<a href="/wiki/Skyhooks_(band)" title="Skyhooks (band)">Skyhooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo_Jo_Zep_%26_The_Falcons" class="mw-redirect" title="Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons">Jo Jo Zep & The Falcons</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Marks" title="David Marks">David Marks</a>, American guitarist (<a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">The Beach Boys</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lev_Zeleny" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Zeleny">Lev Zeleny</a>, Soviet, Russian physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Jarre" title="Jean-Michel Jarre">Jean-Michel Jarre</a>, French electronic musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauli_Niinist%C3%B6" title="Sauli Niinistö">Sauli Niinistö</a>, Finnish politician, 12th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">President of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Sung-il_(general)" title="Kim Sung-il (general)">Kim Sung-il</a>, Chief of Staff of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Air_Force" title="Republic of Korea Air Force">Republic of Korea Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Sotto" title="Tito Sotto">Vicente Sotto III</a>, Filipino actor, host and politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Ramos" title="Tony Ramos">Tony Ramos</a>, Brazilian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sgt._Slaughter" title="Sgt. Slaughter">Sgt. Slaughter</a>, American professional wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Black" title="Lewis Black">Lewis Black</a>, American comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a>, American activist (d. <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Skumin" title="Victor Skumin">Victor Skumin</a>, Russian scientist, professor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Jordan" title="Cyril Jordan">Cyril Jordan</a>, American musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holger_Osieck" title="Holger Osieck">Holger Osieck</a>, German football manager</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_2">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_(19524260758)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_%2819524260758%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_%2819524260758%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_%2819524260758%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_%2819524260758%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_%2819524260758%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-SDCC_2015_-_Jeremy_Irons_%2819524260758%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="2367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75,_Helsinki,_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75%2C_Helsinki%2C_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg/100px-Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75%2C_Helsinki%2C_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75%2C_Helsinki%2C_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg/150px-Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75%2C_Helsinki%2C_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75%2C_Helsinki%2C_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg/200px-Portrait_photoshoot_at_Worldcon_75%2C_Helsinki%2C_before_the_Hugo_Awards_%E2%80%93_George_R._R._Martin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="2099" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Rebhorn" title="James Rebhorn">James Rebhorn</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Archibald" title="Nate Archibald">Nate Archibald</a>, American basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Bradshaw" title="Terry Bradshaw">Terry Bradshaw</a>, American football player, sportscaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christa_McAuliffe" title="Christa McAuliffe">Christa McAuliffe</a>, American teacher and astronaut (d. in <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle <i>Challenger</i> disaster</a> <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Brewer" title="Don Brewer">Don Brewer</a>, American drummer (<i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Funk_Railroad" title="Grand Funk Railroad">Grand Funk Railroad</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a>, Zambian president (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berryman" title="Michael Berryman">Michael Berryman</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benita_Ferrero-Waldner" title="Benita Ferrero-Waldner">Benita Ferrero-Waldner</a>, Austrian diplomat, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sam_Hui" title="Sam Hui">Sam Hui</a>, Hong Kong singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Blakely" title="Susan Blakely">Susan Blakely</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan" title="Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan">Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan</a>, ruler of Abu Dhabi (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Kabuki" title="The Great Kabuki">The Great Kabuki</a>, Japanese professional wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Geeson" title="Judy Geeson">Judy Geeson</a>, English actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Lanier" title="Bob Lanier">Bob Lanier</a>, American basketball player (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trudeau" title="Margaret Trudeau">Margaret Trudeau</a> (b. Margaret Sinclair), wife and mother of Prime Ministers of Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Waters" title="Charlie Waters">Charlie Waters</a>, American football player</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Martyn" title="John Martyn">John Martyn</a> (b. Iain McGeachy), British folk-rock guitarist (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mah_Bow_Tan" title="Mah Bow Tan">Mah Bow Tan</a>, Singaporean politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Carter" title="Nell Carter">Nell Carter</a>, African-American singer, actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Gimme_a_Break!" title="Gimme a Break!">Gimme a Break!</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Lloyd" title="Kathleen Lloyd">Kathleen Lloyd</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ron_Blair" title="Ron Blair">Ron Blair</a>, American rock bassist (<i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petty_and_the_Heartbreakers" title="Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers">Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Nichols" title="Aidan Nichols">Aidan Nichols</a>, English Dominican priest and academic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ritter" title="John Ritter">John Ritter</a>, American actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Three%27s_Company" title="Three's Company">Three's Company</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a>, English actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Tkachenko" title="Nadiya Tkachenko">Nadiya Tkachenko</a>, Soviet pentathlete</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rey_Langit" title="Rey Langit">Rey Langit</a>, Filipino journalist, radio host</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">speculative fiction</a> author</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Burke_(Australian_politician)" title="Denis Burke (Australian politician)">Denis Burke</a>, Australian politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Byrnes_(actor)" title="Jim Byrnes (actor)">Jim Byrnes</a>, American voice actor, blues musician and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Phillips" title="Mark Phillips">Mark Phillips</a>, British army captain, equestrian and first husband of <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lavat" title="José Lavat">José Lavat</a>, Mexican voice actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a>, Canadian actor, comedian (<i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A4cilia_Rentmeister" title="Cäcilia Rentmeister">Cäcilia Rentmeister</a>, German art historian, gender researcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasile_%C8%98irli" title="Vasile Șirli">Vasile Șirli</a>, Romanian musical composer and producer<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yevtushenkov" title="Vladimir Yevtushenkov">Vladimir Yevtushenkov</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/Business_oligarch" title="Business oligarch">oligarch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Gucci" title="Maurizio Gucci">Maurizio Gucci</a>, Italian businessman, murder victim (d. <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_Newton-John" title="Olivia Newton-John">Olivia Newton-John</a>, English-born Australian singer, actress (d. <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladim%C3%ADr_Remek" title="Vladimír Remek">Vladimír Remek</a>, Czech politician and cosmonaut</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Dotrice" title="Michele Dotrice">Michele Dotrice</a>, English actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Martinez" title="A Martinez">A Martinez</a>, American actor, singer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Farner" title="Mark Farner">Mark Farner</a>, American rock guitarist, singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Funk_Railroad" title="Grand Funk Railroad">Grand Funk Railroad</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Gumbel" title="Bryant Gumbel">Bryant Gumbel</a>, African-American television broadcaster (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Today_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="The Today Show">The Today Show</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_J%C3%B6rgensmann" title="Theo Jörgensmann">Theo Jörgensmann</a>, German jazz clarinetist</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_2">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg/100px-QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg/150px-QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg/200px-QTXP_20121019_Destination_Star_Trek_London_MG_2144.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Avery_Brooks" title="Avery Brooks">Avery Brooks</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg/100px-Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg/150px-Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg/199px-Hema_Malini%27s_75th_birthday_celebration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hema_Malini" title="Hema Malini">Hema Malini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margot_Kidder_Gaily,_Gaily.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Margot_Kidder_Gaily%2C_Gaily.png/100px-Margot_Kidder_Gaily%2C_Gaily.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Margot_Kidder_Gaily%2C_Gaily.png/150px-Margot_Kidder_Gaily%2C_Gaily.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Margot_Kidder_Gaily%2C_Gaily.png/200px-Margot_Kidder_Gaily%2C_Gaily.png 2x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margot_Kidder" title="Margot Kidder">Margot Kidder</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg/100px-Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg/150px-Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg/200px-Kushida_anime_friends_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kushida" title="Akira Kushida">Akira Kushida</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG/100px-Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG/150px-Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG/200px-Kate_Jackson_1976.JPG 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kate_Jackson" title="Kate Jackson">Kate Jackson</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Landon" title="Mark Landon">Mark Landon</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Blake_(sailor)" title="Peter Blake (sailor)">Peter Blake</a>, New Zealand yachtsman (d. <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Brooks" title="Avery Brooks">Avery Brooks</a>, American actor, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persis_Khambatta" title="Persis Khambatta">Persis Khambatta</a>, Indian actress, model (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Star Trek: The Motion Picture">Star Trek: The Motion Picture</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_LeDoux" title="Chris LeDoux">Chris LeDoux</a>, American singer, rodeo star (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Karan" title="Donna Karan">Donna Karan</a>, American fashion designer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meg_Bennett" title="Meg Bennett">Meg Bennett</a>, American soap opera writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Hewitson" title="Iain Hewitson">Iain Hewitson</a>, New Zealand-Australian chef, restaurateur, author and television personality</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russell_Mael" title="Russell Mael">Russell Mael</a>, American singer (<a href="/wiki/Sparks_(band)" title="Sparks (band)">Sparks</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Ladner" title="Wendell Ladner">Wendell Ladner</a>, American basketball player (d. <a href="/wiki/1975" title="1975">1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a>, Northern Irish politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diane_Ackerman" title="Diane Ackerman">Diane Ackerman</a>, American poet, essayist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ramone" title="Johnny Ramone">Johnny Ramone</a>, American guitarist (<a href="/wiki/Ramones" title="Ramones">Ramones</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Spencer_(politician)" title="Baldwin Spencer (politician)">Baldwin Spencer</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Browne" title="Jackson Browne">Jackson Browne</a>, American rock musician ("<a href="/wiki/Running_on_Empty_(song)" title="Running on Empty (song)">Running on Empty</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciar%C3%A1n_Carson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciarán Carson">Ciarán Carson</a>, Northern Irish poet, novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a>, English-born economist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margie_Alexander" title="Margie Alexander">Margie Alexander</a>, American gospel, soul singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Clawson" title="Cynthia Clawson">Cynthia Clawson</a>, American gospel singer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Parfitt" title="Rick Parfitt">Rick Parfitt</a>, English musician (<a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(band)" title="Status Quo (band)">Status Quo</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Shepich" title="Stephen Shepich">Stephen Shepich</a>, American politician and former member of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">Michigan House of Representatives</a> in 1993 and 1994 (d. <a href="/wiki/2013" title="2013">2013</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford_Coley" title="John Ford Coley">John Ford Coley</a>, American rock musician ("<a href="/wiki/I%27d_Really_Love_to_See_You_Tonight" title="I'd Really Love to See You Tonight">I'd Really Love to See You Tonight</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan" title="Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan">Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan</a>, Pakistani musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engin_Ar%C4%B1k" title="Engin Arık">Engin Arık</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkish</a> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physicist</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ruprecht" title="David Ruprecht">David Ruprecht</a>, American actor, writer (<i><a href="/wiki/Supermarket_Sweep" title="Supermarket Sweep">Supermarket Sweep</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Corona" title="Renato Corona">Renato Corona</a>, Filipino jurist, lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_de_Burgh" title="Chris de Burgh">Chris de Burgh</a>, born Christopher Davison, Argentine-born Anglo-Irish singer, songwriter</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Mazzone" title="Leo Mazzone">Leo Mazzone</a>, American baseball coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hema_Malini" title="Hema Malini">Hema Malini</a>, Indian actress, writer, director, producer, dancer and politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Jordan" title="Robert Jordan">Robert Jordan</a>, American novelist (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Kidder" title="Margot Kidder">Margot Kidder</a>, Canadian actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Superman_(1978_film)" title="Superman (1978 film)">Superman</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kushida" title="Akira Kushida">Akira Kushida</a>, Japanese singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng_Jui_Ping" title="Ng Jui Ping">Ng Jui Ping</a>, Singaporean entrepreneur, previously army general (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wendt" title="George Wendt">George Wendt</a>, American actor (<i><a href="/wiki/Cheers" title="Cheers">Cheers</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_K%C3%B6chler" title="Hans Köchler">Hans Köchler</a>, Austrian philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntozake_Shange" title="Ntozake Shange">Ntozake Shange</a>, African-American playwright and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Simmons" title="Patrick Simmons">Patrick Simmons</a>, American musician (<a href="/wiki/The_Doobie_Brothers" title="The Doobie Brothers">The Doobie Brothers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Everett" title="Tom Everett">Tom Everett</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Vigneron" title="Allen Vigneron">Allen Vigneron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Detroit">Roman Catholic Archbishop of Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynette_Fromme" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynette Fromme">Lynette Fromme</a>, American attempted assassin of <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Macomber" title="Debbie Macomber">Debbie Macomber</a>, American author</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Robinson" title="Gerry Robinson">Gerry Robinson</a>, Irish-born British businessman (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Cowens" title="Dave Cowens">Dave Cowens</a>, American basketball player, coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gable" title="Dan Gable">Dan Gable</a>, American wrestler, coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Issel" title="Dan Issel">Dan Issel</a>, American basketball player and coach</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toby_Harrah" title="Toby Harrah">Toby Harrah</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Telma_Hopkins" title="Telma Hopkins">Telma Hopkins</a>, African-American actress, singer (<a href="/wiki/Tony_Orlando_and_Dawn" title="Tony Orlando and Dawn">Tony Orlando and Dawn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Chirichiello" title="Giuseppe Chirichiello">Giuseppe Chirichiello</a>, Italian economist and university professor<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_de_Waal" title="Frans de Waal">Frans de Waal</a>, Dutch primatologist. (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Jackson" title="Kate Jackson">Kate Jackson</a>, American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Angels" title="Charlie's Angels">Charlie's Angels</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garry_McDonald" title="Garry McDonald">Garry McDonald</a>, Australian actor, satirist and comedian</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_2">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lulu_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/Lulu_crop.jpg/100px-Lulu_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/Lulu_crop.jpg/150px-Lulu_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4b/Lulu_crop.jpg/200px-Lulu_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(singer)" title="Lulu (singer)">Lulu</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_Frey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Glenn_Frey.jpg/100px-Glenn_Frey.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Glenn_Frey.jpg/150px-Glenn_Frey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Glenn_Frey.jpg/200px-Glenn_Frey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Frey" title="Glenn Frey">Glenn Frey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg/100px-Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg/150px-Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg/200px-Amadou_Toure_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg/100px-Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg/150px-Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg/200px-Hassan_Rouani_2017_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Charles_III_(July_2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/100px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/150px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg/200px-King_Charles_III_%28July_2023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="1025" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg/100px-John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg/150px-John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg/200px-John_R._Bolton_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2252" data-file-height="3252" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg/100px-Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg/150px-Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg/200px-Michel_Suleiman_2012.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michel_Suleiman" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Stuart" title="Anna Stuart">Anna Stuart</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lulu_(singer)" title="Lulu (singer)">Lulu</a> (b. Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie), Scottish singer, actress (<i><a href="/wiki/To_Sir,_with_Love" title="To Sir, with Love">To Sir, with Love</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Casanova" title="Delia Casanova">Delia Casanova</a>, Mexican actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a>, 3rd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Mali">President of Mali</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bradley_(singer)" title="Charles Bradley (singer)">Charles Bradley</a>, African-American singer (d. <a href="/wiki/2017" title="2017">2017</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a>, American politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Holm" title="Dallas Holm">Dallas Holm</a>, American Christian musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Jimenez" title="Zacharias Jimenez">Zacharias Jimenez</a>, Filipino Roman Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Khalid Ibrahim Khan">Khalid Ibrahim Khan</a>, Pakistani politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">William Daniel Phillips</a>, American physicist, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize</a> laureate</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Frey" title="Glenn Frey">Glenn Frey</a>, American guitarist, singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Houghton" title="Jim Houghton">Jim Houghton</a>, American actor, director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Matviyenko" title="Viktor Matviyenko">Viktor Matviyenko</a>, Ukrainian footballer, coach (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_Felipe_Scolari" title="Luiz Felipe Scolari">Luiz Felipe Scolari</a>, Brazilian football player, manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Harmon" title="Kelly Harmon">Kelly Harmon</a>, American actress and model</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Schiavelli" title="Vincent Schiavelli">Vincent Schiavelli</a>, American character actor and food writer (d. <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Campbell" title="Skip Campbell">Skip Campbell</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a>, 7th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">President of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Roberts_(evangelist)" title="Richard Roberts (evangelist)">Richard Roberts</a>, American evangelist, son of <a href="/wiki/Oral_Roberts" title="Oral Roberts">Oral Roberts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_13" title="November 13">November 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humayun_Ahmed" title="Humayun Ahmed">Humayun Ahmed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali-language</a> writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockwood_Smith" title="Lockwood Smith">Lockwood Smith</a>, New Zealand politician</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> of the United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ginty" title="Robert Ginty">Robert Ginty</a>, American actor, producer, screenwriter and director (d. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dee_Wallace" title="Dee Wallace">Dee Wallace</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_15" title="November 15">November 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Kemsley" title="James Kemsley">James Kemsley</a>, Australian cartoonist, actor (d. <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Coltrane" title="Chi Coltrane">Chi Coltrane</a>, American musician (<i><a href="/wiki/Thunder_and_Lightning_(Chi_Coltrane_song)" title="Thunder and Lightning (Chi Coltrane song)">Thunder and Lightning</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_James_(Australian_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ken James (Australian actor)">Ken James</a>, Australian actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutt_Lange" title="Mutt Lange">Mutt Lange</a>, Rhodesian-born record producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mate_Parlov" title="Mate Parlov">Mate Parlov</a>, Yugoslav Olympic boxer (d. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dom_Irrera" title="Dom Irrera">Dom Irrera</a>, American actor and stand-up comedian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rance_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Rance Allen">Rance Allen</a>, African-American gospel singer, preacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlee_McBride" title="Harlee McBride">Harlee McBride</a>, American actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="John R. Bolton">John R. Bolton</a>, U.S. Ambassador to the U.N., National Security Advisor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hendricks" title="Barbara Hendricks">Barbara Hendricks</a>, American singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Masur" title="Richard Masur">Richard Masur</a>, American actor, director and president of the Screen Actors Guild</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Mouzon" title="Alphonse Mouzon">Alphonse Mouzon</a>, American jazz drummer (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Suleiman" title="Michel Suleiman">Michel Suleiman</a>, President of Lebanon</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saroj_Khan" title="Saroj Khan">Saroj Khan</a>, Indian dance choreographer (d. <a href="/wiki/2020" title="2020">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominique-France_Picard" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominique-France Picard">Dominique-France Picard</a> (aka Princess Fadila of Egypt), wife of King <a href="/wiki/Fuad_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuad II">Fuad II</a> of Egypt and the Sudan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Bouchard" title="Ron Bouchard">Ron Bouchard</a>, American NASCAR driver (d. <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Seyfert" title="Gabriele Seyfert">Gabriele Seyfert</a>, East German figure skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonfoh_Abass" title="Bonfoh Abass">Bonfoh Abass</a>, Togolese politician and <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Togo" title="List of presidents of Togo">President of Togo</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/2021" title="2021">2021</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Howard_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Howard (actor)">Joe Howard</a>, American actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Sfeir" title="Antoine Sfeir">Antoine Sfeir</a>, Franco-Lebanese journalist, professor (d. <a href="/wiki/2018" title="2018">2018</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a>, Australian-American biologist, winner of <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayle_McCormick" title="Gayle McCormick">Gayle McCormick</a>, American singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Smith_(band)" title="Smith (band)">Smith</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2016" title="2016">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Muellerleile" title="Marianne Muellerleile">Marianne Muellerleile</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnieszka_Holland" title="Agnieszka Holland">Agnieszka Holland</a>, Polish film, television director and screenwriter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_2">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg/100px-OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg/150px-OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg/200px-OzzyChangingHands02-20-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jobethwilliams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jobethwilliams.jpg/100px-Jobethwilliams.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jobethwilliams.jpg/150px-Jobethwilliams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Jobethwilliams.jpg/200px-Jobethwilliams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/JoBeth_Williams" title="JoBeth Williams">JoBeth Williams</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg/100px-Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg/150px-Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg/200px-Yoshihide_Suga_cropped_3_Joint_Press_Announcement_of_the_Okinawa_Consolidation_Plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg/100px-Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg/150px-Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg/200px-Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa_em_fevereiro_de_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/100px-Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/150px-Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/200px-Samuel_L._Jackson_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2253" data-file-height="3378" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg/100px-G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg/150px-G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg/200px-G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu_Cannes_2015_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._Coraghessan_Boyle" class="mw-redirect" title="T. Coraghessan Boyle">T. Coraghessan Boyle</a>, American writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajat_Gupta" title="Rajat Gupta">Rajat Gupta</a>, Indian-American businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hewitt" title="Patricia Hewitt">Patricia Hewitt</a>, British Labour Party politician<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toninho_Horta" title="Toninho Horta">Toninho Horta</a>, Brazilian singer, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Westermann" title="Christine Westermann">Christine Westermann</a>, German television, radio host, journalist and author</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Cua" title="Rick Cua">Rick Cua</a>, American singer, evangelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne" title="Ozzy Osbourne">Ozzy Osbourne</a>, English singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a>, <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabur%C5%8D_Shinoda" title="Saburō Shinoda">Saburō Shinoda</a>, Japanese actor (<a href="/wiki/Ultraman_Taro" title="Ultraman Taro">Ultraman Taro</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keke_Rosberg" title="Keke Rosberg">Keke Rosberg</a>, Finnish Formula One champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_M%C3%BCller-Westernhagen" title="Marius Müller-Westernhagen">Marius Müller-Westernhagen</a>, German actor, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoBeth_Williams" title="JoBeth Williams">JoBeth Williams</a>, American actress, director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshihide_Suga" title="Yoshihide Suga">Yoshihide Suga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Morris" title="Gary Morris">Gary Morris</a>, American country singer, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Thomas_(producer)" title="Tony Thomas (producer)">Tony Thomas</a>, American television and film producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mads_Vinding" title="Mads Vinding">Mads Vinding</a>, Danish bassist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abu_Abbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Abbas">Abu Abbas</a>, Palestine Liberation Front founder (d. <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Thompson" title="Chester Thompson">Chester Thompson</a>, American rock drummer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinji_Tanimura" title="Shinji Tanimura">Shinji Tanimura</a>, Japanese musician (d. <a href="/wiki/2023" title="2023">2023</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a>, 20th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">President of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Board" title="Lillian Board">Lillian Board</a>, South African-born English Olympic athlete (d. <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nugent" title="Ted Nugent">Ted Nugent</a>, American rock guitarist, singer, conservative political commentator (<i><a href="/wiki/Cat_Scratch_Fever" title="Cat Scratch Fever">Cat Scratch Fever</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O%27List" title="David O'List">David O'List</a>, English rock guitarist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Bangs" title="Lester Bangs">Lester Bangs</a>, American music journalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1982" title="1982">1982</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dee_Wallace" title="Dee Wallace">Dee Wallace</a>, American actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Chartoff" title="Melanie Chartoff">Melanie Chartoff</a>, American actress and singer (<i><a href="/wiki/Rugrats" title="Rugrats">Rugrats</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Scott_(basketball)" title="Charlie Scott (basketball)">Charlie Scott</a>, American basketball player</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Kemper" title="Edmund Kemper">Edmund Kemper</a>, American serial killer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Brown_(ice_hockey)" title="Ken Brown (ice hockey)">Ken Brown</a>, Canadian ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchidea_De_Santis" title="Orchidea De Santis">Orchidea De Santis</a>, Italian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulrazak_Gurnah" title="Abdulrazak Gurnah">Abdulrazak Gurnah</a>, Zanzibar-born novelist, Nobel Prize laureate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parsons" title="Alan Parsons">Alan Parsons</a>, English songwriter, musician and record producer</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a>, American actor, film producer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Resetarits" title="Willi Resetarits">Willi Resetarits</a>, Austrian musician, cabaret artist</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noel_Edmonds" title="Noel Edmonds">Noel Edmonds</a>, English TV presenter, DJ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Garvey" title="Steve Garvey">Steve Garvey</a>, American baseball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip_Mark" title="Flip Mark">Flip Mark</a>, American child actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Thigpen" title="Lynne Thigpen">Lynne Thigpen</a>, American actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Godspell" title="Godspell">Godspell</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2003" title="2003">2003</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ferguson" title="Jim Ferguson">Jim Ferguson</a>, American guitarist, composer, educator, author and music journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alia_Al-Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Alia Al-Hussein">Alia Al-Hussein</a>, queen consort of Jordan (d. <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mandrell" title="Barbara Mandrell">Barbara Mandrell</a>, American country singer, musician and actress</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Caldwell" title="Ronnie Caldwell">Ronnie Caldwell</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> musician (d. <a href="/wiki/1967" title="1967">1967</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>, French actor</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Weiss" title="Mary Weiss">Mary Weiss</a>, American pop singer (<a href="/wiki/The_Shangri-Las" title="The Shangri-Las">The Shangri-Las</a>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2024" title="2024">2024</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Robinson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Peter Robinson (Northern Ireland politician)">Peter Robinson</a>, Northern Ireland First Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cleobury" title="Stephen Cleobury">Stephen Cleobury</a>, English choral conductor (d. <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Dallesandro" title="Joe Dallesandro">Joe Dallesandro</a>, American model, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Jardine" title="Sandy Jardine">Sandy Jardine</a>, Scottish professional footballer, playing for Rangers and Hearts and representing Scotland (d. <a href="/wiki/2014" title="2014">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Summer" title="Donna Summer">Donna Summer</a>, African-American singer, actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Love_to_Love_You_Baby_(song)" title="Love to Love You Baby (song)">Love to Love You Baby</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/2012" title="2012">2012</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January_3">January</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg/100px-Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg/150px-Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg/200px-Prince_Aimone_of_Savoy_-_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>King <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav II of Croatia">Tomislav II of Croatia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahatma-Gandhi,_studio,_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg/100px-Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg/150px-Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg/200px-Mahatma-Gandhi%2C_studio%2C_1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="3270" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg/100px-Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg/150px-Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg/200px-Orville_Wright_1905-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3582" data-file-height="4477" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orville_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Orville Wright">Orville Wright</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edna_May" title="Edna May">Edna May</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vicente_Huidobro" title="Vicente Huidobro">Vicente Huidobro</a>, Chilean poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Kallina" title="Anna Kallina">Anna Kallina</a>, Austrian actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Dimmick_Harrison" title="Mary Dimmick Harrison">Mary Dimmick Harrison</a>, wife of President <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Wilson_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles C. Wilson (actor)">Charles C. Wilson</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_de_Maeztu_Whitney" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria de Maeztu Whitney">Maria de Maeztu Whitney</a>, Spanish educator, feminist (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stanley_Kellogg" title="Edward Stanley Kellogg">Edward Stanley Kellogg</a>, 16th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of American Samoa">Governor of American Samoa</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magnusson" title="Charles Magnusson">Charles Magnusson</a>, Swedish producer, screenwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schwitters" title="Kurt Schwitters">Kurt Schwitters</a>, German artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tauber" title="Richard Tauber">Richard Tauber</a>, Austrian tenor (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Allen_Farmer" title="Herbert Allen Farmer">Herbert Allen Farmer</a>, American criminal (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tony_Garnier_(architect)" title="Tony Garnier (architect)">Tony Garnier</a>, French architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Moore" title="Eliza Moore">Eliza Moore</a>, last person born into slavery in the United States (b. <a href="/wiki/1843" title="1843">1843</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomasa_Sakonju" title="Naomasa Sakonju">Naomasa Sakonju</a>, Japanese admiral and war criminal (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari" title="Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari">Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cody_(actor)" title="Bill Cody (actor)">Bill Cody</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mandl" title="Maria Mandl">Maria Mandl</a>, Austrian concentration camp guard and war criminal (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bruchm%C3%BCller" title="Georg Bruchmüller">Georg Bruchmüller</a>, German artillery officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Therese_Brandl" title="Therese Brandl">Therese Brandl</a>, German concentration camp guard and war criminal (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Gove" title="Anna Maria Gove">Anna Maria Gove</a>, American physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_II_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav II of Croatia">Tomislav II of Croatia</a> (b. 1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Coningham_(RAF_officer)" title="Arthur Coningham (RAF officer)">Sir Arthur Coningham</a>, British air force air marshal (disappeared) (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orville_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Orville Wright">Orville Wright</a>, American co-inventor of the airplane (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February_3">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg/100px-Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg/150px-Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg/200px-Sergei_Eisenstein_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Lamont" title="Thomas W. Lamont">Thomas W. Lamont</a>, American banker (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevil_Rudd" title="Bevil Rudd">Bevil Rudd</a>, South African athlete (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Praeger" title="Otto Praeger">Otto Praeger</a>, American postal official, implemented U.S. Airmail (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz">Johannes Blaskowitz</a>, German general (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Bush" title="Samuel P. Bush">Samuel P. Bush</a>, American businessman, industrialist (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_Valentin" title="Karl Valentin">Karl Valentin</a>, German actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a>, Soviet film director (b. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Sir Isaac Isaacs</a>, 9th <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Subhadra_Kumari_Chauhan" title="Subhadra Kumari Chauhan">Subhadra Kumari Chauhan</a>, Indian poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Gregg" title="John Robert Gregg">John Robert Gregg</a>, Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Baldomir" title="Alfredo Baldomir">Alfredo Baldomir</a>, Uruguayan politician, soldier, architect, 27th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Uruguay" title="President of Uruguay">President of Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_du_Toit" title="Alexander du Toit">Alexander du Toit</a>, South African geologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Esteban_Montero" title="Juan Esteban Montero">Juan Esteban Montero</a>, Chilean political figure, 20th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Chile" title="President of Chile">President of Chile</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Nicodim_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Nicodim of Romania">Patriarch Nicodim of Romania</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March_3">March</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: March"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg/100px-Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg/150px-Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg/200px-Antonin_Artaud_1926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2527" data-file-height="3221" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Antonin Artaud</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Antonin Artaud</a>, French playwright, actor and director (b. <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsa_Br%C3%A4ndstr%C3%B6m" title="Elsa Brändström">Elsa Brändström</a>, Swedish nurse (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zelda_Fitzgerald" title="Zelda Fitzgerald">Zelda Fitzgerald</a>, American wife of <a href="/wiki/F._Scott_Fitzgerald" title="F. Scott Fitzgerald">F. Scott Fitzgerald</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Masaryk" title="Jan Masaryk">Jan Masaryk</a>, Czechoslovakian Foreign Minister (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_S._Morra" title="León S. Morra">León S. Morra</a>, Argentine physician and university professor (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Milne,_1st_Baron_Milne" title="George Milne, 1st Baron Milne">George Milne, 1st Baron Milne</a>, British field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Berdyaev" title="Nikolai Berdyaev">Nikolai Berdyaev</a>, Soviet religious leader, political philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Thaon_di_Revel" title="Paolo Thaon di Revel">Paolo Thaon di Revel</a>, Italian admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Egon_Erwin_Kisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Egon Erwin Kisch">Egon Erwin Kisch</a>, Austrian journalist, author (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April_3">April</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: April"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg/100px-Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg/150px-Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg/200px-Manuel_Roxas_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg/100px-Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg/150px-Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg/200px-Kantaro_Suzuki_suit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1426" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kantar%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Kantarō Suzuki">Kantarō Suzuki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg/100px-Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg/150px-Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg/200px-Admiral_Mitsumasa_Yonai_portrait_c1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1837" data-file-height="2660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mitsumasa_Yonai" title="Mitsumasa Yonai">Mitsumasa Yonai</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biagio_Biagetti" title="Biagio Biagetti">Biagio Biagetti</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawan_Singh" title="Sawan Singh">Sawan Singh</a>, Indian saint known as "The Great Master" (b. <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Joseph_Rossi" title="Angelo Joseph Rossi">Angelo Joseph Rossi</a>, American political figure, <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Francisco" title="Mayor of San Francisco">Mayor of San Francisco</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Andreu_de_Aguilar" title="Isabel Andreu de Aguilar">Isabel Andreu de Aguilar</a>, Puerto Rican writer, educator, philanthropist and activist (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_al-Husayni" title="Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni">Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni</a>, Palestinian Arab nationalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Eli%C3%A9cer_Gait%C3%A1n" title="Jorge Eliécer Gaitán">Jorge Eliécer Gaitán</a>, Colombian politician (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/W._H._Ellis" title="W. H. Ellis">W. H. Ellis</a>, American attorney and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radola_Gajda" title="Radola Gajda">Radola Gajda</a>, Czech military commander and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a>, Filipino statesman, 5th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">President of the Philippines</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kantar%C5%8D_Suzuki" title="Kantarō Suzuki">Kantarō Suzuki</a>, Japanese admiral, 42nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Rostovtsev_(actor)" title="Mikhail Rostovtsev (actor)">Mikhail Rostovtsev</a>, Soviet actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mitsumasa_Yonai" title="Mitsumasa Yonai">Mitsumasa Yonai</a>, Japanese admiral and politician, 37th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlos_L%C3%B3pez_Buchardo" title="Carlos López Buchardo">Carlos López Buchardo</a>, Argentine composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prosper_Montagn%C3%A9" title="Prosper Montagné">Prosper Montagné</a>, French chef and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ponce" title="Manuel Ponce">Manuel Ponce</a>, Mexican composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Matos_Rodriguez" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerardo Matos Rodriguez">Gerardo Matos Rodriguez</a>, Uruguayan composer, journalist and pianist (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Miguel_Aguayo_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez">Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez</a>, Puerto Rican educator, writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May_3">May</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: May"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Hartington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lady_Hartington.jpg/100px-Lady_Hartington.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lady_Hartington.jpg/150px-Lady_Hartington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lady_Hartington.jpg/200px-Lady_Hartington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Cavendish</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dame_May_Whitty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dame_May_Whitty.jpg/100px-Dame_May_Whitty.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dame_May_Whitty.jpg/150px-Dame_May_Whitty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dame_May_Whitty.jpg/200px-Dame_May_Whitty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dame_May_Whitty" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame May Whitty">Dame May Whitty</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Viola_Allen" title="Viola Allen">Viola Allen</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milan_Begovi%C4%87" title="Milan Begović">Milan Begović</a>, Yugoslavian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cavendish,_Marchioness_of_Hartington" title="Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington">Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Dauchez" title="André Dauchez">André Dauchez</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li>Father <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flanagan" title="Edward J. Flanagan">Edward J. Flanagan</a>, Irish-born American <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> priest, founder of Boys Town and monsignor (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyoaki_Horiuchi" title="Toyoaki Horiuchi">Toyoaki Horiuchi</a>, Japanese general, Class B war criminal suspect (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Habibullah" title="Muhammad Habibullah">Muhammad Habibullah</a>, Indian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Alonso" title="Francisco Alonso">Francisco Alonso</a>, Spanish composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Lenz" title="Maximilian Lenz">Maximilian Lenz</a>, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Feyder" title="Jacques Feyder">Jacques Feyder</a>, French filmmaker (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_McKay" title="Claude McKay">Claude McKay</a>, Jamaican-born American writer and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1889" title="1889">1889</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Witold_Pilecki" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a>, Polish resistance leader (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gaston_Chassinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Émile Gaston Chassinat">Émile Gaston Chassinat</a>, French egyptologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Unity Mitford</a>, British socialite; friend of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – Dame <a href="/wiki/May_Whitty" title="May Whitty">May Whitty</a>, British actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Klekl_(politician)" title="József Klekl (politician)">József Klekl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a> politician in Hungary (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June_3">June</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: June"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasib-bitar-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nasib-bitar-1.jpg/100px-Nasib-bitar-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nasib-bitar-1.jpg/150px-Nasib-bitar-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Nasib-bitar-1.jpg/200px-Nasib-bitar-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nasib_al-Bitar" title="Nasib al-Bitar">Nasib al-Bitar</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PrensSabahattin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PrensSabahattin.jpg/100px-PrensSabahattin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PrensSabahattin.jpg/150px-PrensSabahattin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/PrensSabahattin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="197" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sabahaddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Sabahaddin">Prince Sabahaddin</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Vianna_da_Motta" title="José Vianna da Motta">José Vianna da Motta</a>, Portuguese pianist, teacher and composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2" title="June 2">June 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Brack" title="Viktor Brack">Viktor Brack</a>, German doctor (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Brandt" title="Karl Brandt">Karl Brandt</a>, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Brandt" title="Rudolf Brandt">Rudolf Brandt</a>, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Gebhardt" title="Karl Gebhardt">Karl Gebhardt</a>, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldemar_Hoven" title="Waldemar Hoven">Waldemar Hoven</a>, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1903" title="1903">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Mrugowsky" title="Joachim Mrugowsky">Joachim Mrugowsky</a>, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Sievers" title="Wolfram Sievers">Wolfram Sievers</a>, German S.S. officer (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Louis Lumière</a>, French film pioneer (b. <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Albanese" title="Giacomo Albanese">Giacomo Albanese</a>, Italian mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Dazai" title="Osamu Dazai">Osamu Dazai</a>, Japanese writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%AAnia_%C3%81lvaro_Moreyra" title="Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra">Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra</a>, Brazilian journalist, actress and director (b. <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bento_de_Jesus_Cara%C3%A7a" title="Bento de Jesus Caraça">Bento de Jesus Caraça</a>, Portuguese mathematician, economist and statistician (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasib_al-Bitar" title="Nasib al-Bitar">Nasib al-Bitar</a>, Palestine jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_Velez" title="Lilian Velez">Lilian Velez</a>, Filipino actress (murdered) (b. <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sabahaddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Sabahaddin">Prince Sabahaddin</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July_3">July</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: July"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg/100px-Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg/150px-Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg/200px-Albert_Bates_mugshot_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bates_(criminal)" title="Albert Bates (criminal)">Albert Bates</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Fillmore_(Unity_Church).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Charles_Fillmore_%28Unity_Church%29.jpg/100px-Charles_Fillmore_%28Unity_Church%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Charles_Fillmore_%28Unity_Church%29.jpg/150px-Charles_Fillmore_%28Unity_Church%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Charles_Fillmore_%28Unity_Church%29.jpg/200px-Charles_Fillmore_%28Unity_Church%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fillmore_(Unity_Church)" title="Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)">Charles Fillmore</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg/100px-Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg/150px-Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg/200px-Carole_Landis_in_Topper_Returns.jpg 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carole_Landis" title="Carole Landis">Carole Landis</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Assunta_Marchetti" title="Assunta Marchetti">Assunta Marchetti</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> religious professed and blessed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Bates_(criminal)" title="Albert Bates (criminal)">Albert Bates</a>, American criminal (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteiro_Lobato" title="Monteiro Lobato">Monteiro Lobato</a>, Brazilian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bernanos" title="Georges Bernanos">Georges Bernanos</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fillmore_(Unity_Church)" title="Charles Fillmore (Unity Church)">Charles Fillmore</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> mystic (b. <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Landis" title="Carole Landis">Carole Landis</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alcibiades_Diamandi" title="Alcibiades Diamandi">Alcibiades Diamandi</a>, Greek political figure (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Baggot" title="King Baggot">King Baggot</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1879" title="1879">1879</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Weidenreich" title="Franz Weidenreich">Franz Weidenreich</a>, German anatomist, physical anthropologist (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Brearley" title="Harry Brearley">Harry Brearley</a>, British inventor of stainless steel (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Moreno" title="Marguerite Moreno">Marguerite Moreno</a>, French actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1871" title="1871">1871</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, American general (b. <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ildebrando_Zacchini" title="Ildebrando Zacchini">Ildebrando Zacchini</a>, Maltese painter, inventor and traveller (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baldassarre_Negroni" title="Baldassarre Negroni">Baldassarre Negroni</a>, Italian director, screenwriter (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arshile_Gorky" title="Arshile Gorky">Arshile Gorky</a>, Soviet-born painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sud_Mennucci" title="Sud Mennucci">Sud Mennucci</a>, Brazilian journalist, educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a>, American film director (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i>) (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pencho_Zlatev" title="Pencho Zlatev">Pencho Zlatev</a>, Bulgarian general, 25th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Prime Minister of Bulgaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Sertillanges" title="Antonin Sertillanges">Antonin Sertillanges</a>, French Catholic philosopher, spiritual writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Tinker" title="Joe Tinker">Joe Tinker</a>, American baseball player (<a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a>), <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Fame</a> member (b. <a href="/wiki/1880" title="1880">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susan_Glaspell" title="Susan Glaspell">Susan Glaspell</a>, American playwright (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Mercer_Rutherfurd" title="Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd">Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd</a>, mistress of President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August_3">August</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Babe_Ruth2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/100px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/150px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Babe_Ruth2.jpg/200px-Babe_Ruth2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="1180" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Ryan" title="Tommy Ryan">Tommy Ryan</a>, American boxing champion (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mileva_Mari%C4%87" title="Mileva Marić">Mileva Marić</a>, Serbian physicist and mathematician, wife of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bryant_(actor)" title="Charles Bryant (actor)">Charles Bryant</a>, American actor (b. 1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brown_(soccer)" title="Andrew Brown (soccer)">Andrew Brown</a>, Scottish soccer coach (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kan%27ichi_Asakawa" title="Kan'ichi Asakawa">Kan'ichi Asakawa</a>, Japanese historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Maxwell_(actor)" title="Edwin Maxwell (actor)">Edwin Maxwell</a>, Irish actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Babe_Ruth" title="Babe Ruth">Babe Ruth</a>, American baseball player (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>), <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Fame</a> member (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Anderson_(actor)" title="George Anderson (actor)">George Anderson</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1886" title="1886">1886</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cissie_Cahalan" title="Cissie Cahalan">Cissie Cahalan</a>, Irish trade union, feminist and suffragette (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a>, 11th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a>, 1916 Republican presidential candidate (b. <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_3">September</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: September"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/100px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/150px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/200px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3461" data-file-height="4432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg/100px-Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg/150px-Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg/200px-Zar_Ferdinand_Bulgarien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1505" /></a><figcaption>Tsar <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I of Bulgaria</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Yuxiang" title="Feng Yuxiang">Feng Yuxiang</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> and general (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Bey" title="Moncef Bey">Moncef Bey</a>, ruler of Tunisia (1942–43) (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Morley" title="Sylvanus Morley">Sylvanus Morley</a>, American scholar, World War I spy (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a>, Czechoslovakian politician, 4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia">Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia</a> and 2-time <a href="/wiki/President_of_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Czechoslovakia">President of Czechoslovakia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_C._Tolman" title="Richard C. Tolman">Richard C. Tolman</a>, American mathematical physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Suar%C3%A8s" title="André Suarès">André Suarès</a>, French poet, critic (b. <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – Tsar <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I of Bulgaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, founder, first Governor General of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_D%27Oyly_Carte" title="Rupert D'Oyly Carte">Rupert D'Oyly Carte</a>, British hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Servolini" title="Carlo Servolini">Carlo Servolini</a>, Italian artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wegener" title="Paul Wegener">Paul Wegener</a>, German actor, film director and screenwriter, a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/German_Expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="German Expressionism">German Expressionism</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Benedict</a>, American anthropologist, folklorist (b. <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folke_Bernadotte" title="Folke Bernadotte">Folke Bernadotte</a>, Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Ludwig" title="Emil Ludwig">Emil Ludwig</a>, German-born Swiss historian, biographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Rossi" title="Raffaele Rossi">Raffaele Rossi</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> cardinal, eminence and servant of God (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Husain_Salaahuddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Husain Salaahuddin">Husain Salaahuddin</a>, Maldivian writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Adalbert_of_Prussia_(1884%E2%80%931948)" title="Prince Adalbert of Prussia (1884–1948)">Prince Adalbert of Prussia</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Warren_William" title="Warren William">Warren William</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Toland" title="Gregg Toland">Gregg Toland</a>, American cinematographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Cellier_(actor)" title="Frank Cellier (actor)">Frank Cellier</a>, British actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Kachalov" title="Vasily Kachalov">Vasily Kachalov</a>, Soviet actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October_3">October</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: October"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg/100px-Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg/150px-Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg/200px-Bain_News_Service_-_Franz_Leh%C3%A1r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3805" data-file-height="5397" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franz_Leh%C3%A1r" title="Franz Lehár">Franz Lehár</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rodrigues_da_Cruz" title="Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz">Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz</a>, Portuguese priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phraya_Manopakorn_Nititada" class="mw-redirect" title="Phraya Manopakorn Nititada">Phraya Manopakorn Nititada</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Siam" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Siam">Prime Minister of Siam</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Graaff" title="Simon de Graaff">Simon de Graaff</a>, Dutch civil servant, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susan_Sutherland_Isaacs" title="Susan Sutherland Isaacs">Susan Sutherland Isaacs</a>, English educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Hinds" title="Samuel S. Hinds">Samuel S. Hinds</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1875" title="1875">1875</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dale_Fuller_(actress)" title="Dale Fuller (actress)">Dale Fuller</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edythe_Chapman" title="Edythe Chapman">Edythe Chapman</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Freiherr_Kress_von_Kressenstein" title="Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein">Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein</a>, German general (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Brauchitsch" title="Walther von Brauchitsch">Walther von Brauchitsch</a>, German field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elissa_Landi" title="Elissa Landi">Elissa Landi</a>, Italian actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Leh%C3%A1r" title="Franz Lehár">Franz Lehár</a>, Hungarian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Nolan" title="Mary Nolan">Mary Nolan</a>, American actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November_3">November</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: November"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg/100px-Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg/150px-Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg/200px-Peterferdinand%C3%B6sterrtosk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Peter_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg/100px-B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg/150px-B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg/200px-B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s_de_D%C3%A1lnok_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="385" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s" title="Béla Miklós">Béla Miklós</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Stanley,_1st_Baron_Ashfield" title="Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield">Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield</a>, British-born American businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Perlo" title="Filippo Perlo">Filippo Perlo</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> prelate and missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Leland_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Leland (actor)">David Leland</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Peter_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria">Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Kennedy" title="Edgar Kennedy">Edgar Kennedy</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Curtius" title="Julius Curtius">Julius Curtius</a>, German politician, diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1877" title="1877">1877</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Nelson_(actor)" title="Jack Nelson (actor)">Jack Nelson</a>, American actor, director (b. <a href="/wiki/1882" title="1882">1882</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fred_Niblo" title="Fred Niblo">Fred Niblo</a>, American film director (b. <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Giordano" title="Umberto Giordano">Umberto Giordano</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oerip_Soemohardjo" title="Oerip Soemohardjo">Oerip Soemohardjo</a>, Indonesian general (b. <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mallard" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Mallard">Robert Mallard</a>, African-American lynching victim (b. <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Mikl%C3%B3s" title="Béla Miklós">Béla Miklós</a>, Hungarian military officer, politician and 38th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister of Hungary</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hack_Wilson" title="Hack Wilson">Hack Wilson</a>, American baseball player (<a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a>), <a href="/wiki/MLB_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB Hall of Fame">MLB Hall of Fame</a> member (b. <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/D._D._Sheehan" title="D. D. Sheehan">D. D. Sheehan</a>, Irish politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1873" title="1873">1873</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Koppenh%C3%B6fer" title="Maria Koppenhöfer">Maria Koppenhöfer</a>, German actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Omegna" title="Roberto Omegna">Roberto Omegna</a>, Italian cinematographer, director (b. <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franco_Vittadini" title="Franco Vittadini">Franco Vittadini</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December_3">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg/100px-Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg/150px-Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg/200px-Joao_tamagnini_barbosa_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Tamagnini_Barbosa" title="João Tamagnini Barbosa">João Tamagnini Barbosa</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg/100px-Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg/150px-Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg/200px-Kohki_Hirota_suit_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="1035" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dki_Hirota" title="Kōki Hirota">Kōki Hirota</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hideki_Tojo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hideki_Tojo.jpg/100px-Hideki_Tojo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hideki_Tojo.jpg/150px-Hideki_Tojo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hideki_Tojo.jpg/200px-Hideki_Tojo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hendrik_Hofmeyr_(1894%E2%80%931948)" title="Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr (1894–1948)">Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr</a>, South African politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Orrego_Luco" title="Luis Orrego Luco">Luis Orrego Luco</a>, Chilean politician, lawyer, novelist and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chano_Pozo" title="Chano Pozo">Chano Pozo</a>, Cuban percussionist (b. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Charlton" title="Matthew Charlton">Matthew Charlton</a>, Australian politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Tamagnini_Barbosa" title="João Tamagnini Barbosa">João Tamagnini Barbosa</a>, Portuguese military officer, politician and 69th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Prime Minister of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/C._Aubrey_Smith" title="C. Aubrey Smith">C. Aubrey Smith</a>, British actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Witwicki" title="Władysław Witwicki">Władysław Witwicki</a>, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – Japanese war leaders (<a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">hanged</a>): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Doihara" title="Kenji Doihara">Kenji Doihara</a>, general (b. <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dki_Hirota" title="Kōki Hirota">Kōki Hirota</a>, diplomat and politician, 32nd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seishir%C5%8D_Itagaki" title="Seishirō Itagaki">Seishirō Itagaki</a>, military officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitar%C5%8D_Kimura" title="Heitarō Kimura">Heitarō Kimura</a>, general (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwane_Matsui" title="Iwane Matsui">Iwane Matsui</a>, general (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Mut%C5%8D" title="Akira Mutō">Akira Mutō</a>, general (b. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a>, general, 40th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1884" title="1884">1884</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Westley_(actor)" title="John Westley (actor)">John Westley</a>, American actor (b. <a href="/wiki/1878" title="1878">1878</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saleh_Akbar_Hydari" title="Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari">Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari</a>, Indian civil servant, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_an-Nukrashi_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha">Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha</a>, Egyptian political figure, 27th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Prime Minister of Egypt</a> (assassinated) (b. <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Ault" title="George Ault">George Ault</a>, American painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton_Welch" title="Denton Welch">Denton Welch</a>, English author and painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Campbell" title="Malcolm Campbell">Sir Malcolm Campbell</a>, English land, water racer (b. <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/100px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/150px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/200px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – not awarded</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFK.R._Gupta2006" class="citation book cs1">K.R. Gupta (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mSaz5tSI8dIC&pg=PA21"><i>World Trade Organisation</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-888-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-888-8"><bdi>978-81-7156-888-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Trade+Organisation&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-888-8&rft.au=K.R.+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmSaz5tSI8dIC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0AkOAQAAMAAJ"><i>Florida Law Journal</i></a>. Florida State Bar Association. 1948. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Florida+Law+Journal&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Florida+State+Bar+Association&rft.date=1948&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0AkOAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell_Haywood2016" class="citation book cs1">Russell Haywood (March 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xgjPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79"><i>Railways, Urban Development and Town Planning in Britain: 1948–2008</i></a>. Routledge. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-07164-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-07164-8"><bdi>978-1-317-07164-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railways%2C+Urban+Development+and+Town+Planning+in+Britain%3A+1948%E2%80%932008&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-03-23&rft.isbn=978-1-317-07164-8&rft.au=Russell+Haywood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxgjPCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies (UK). February 21, 1956. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya_Agreement" class="extiw" title="s:Federation of Malaya Agreement">Federation of Malaya Agreement</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Moore" title="Patrick Moore">Moore, Patrick</a> (1995). <i>The Guinness Book of Astronomy</i> (5th ed.). 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NASCAR. August 17, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hometracks.nascar.com/nascar_101/history_of_nascar">the original</a> on May 30, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+NASCAR&rft.pub=NASCAR&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhometracks.nascar.com%2Fnascar_101%2Fhistory_of_nascar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_lazarus-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_lazarus_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorkery2018" class="citation news cs1">Corkery, Michael (March 22, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/22/obituaries/charles-p-lazarus-toys-r-us-founder-dies-at-94.html">"Charles P. Lazarus, Toys 'R' Us Founder, Dies at 94"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Și marii compozitori au lucrat ca să-și plătească chiria"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul" title="Adevărul">Adevărul</a></i> (in Romanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adev%C4%83rul&rft.atitle=Compozitorul+Vasili+%C8%98irli%3A+%22Eu+am+f%C4%83cut+muzic%C4%83+%C8%99i+am+lucrat+ca+s%C4%83-mi+c%C3%A2%C8%99tig+p%C3%A2inea.+%C8%98i+marii+compozitori+au+lucrat+ca+s%C4%83-%C8%99i+pl%C4%83teasc%C4%83+chiria%22&rft.date=2017-07-08&rft.aulast=Chi%C8%9Ban&rft.aufirst=Simona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fstil-de-viata%2Fcultura%2Fcompozitorul-vasili-sirli-eu-am-facut-muzica-si-1876468.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-40105353">"Obituary: Olivia Newton-John"</a>. 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Omnibus Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857122377" title="Special:BookSources/9780857122377"><bdi>9780857122377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talent+Is+An+Asset%3A+The+Story+of+Sparks&rft.pub=Omnibus+Press&rft.date=2010-04-07&rft.isbn=9780857122377&rft.aulast=Easlea&rft.aufirst=Daryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7n515ucve20C%26pg%3DPT17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713202712/http://ricerca.economiaefinanza.luiss.it/centri-di-ricerca/CESARE">"Centro di Economia Sperimentale a Roma est (Cesare): Introduzione"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.+%28Simon%29+de+Graaff&rft.pub=Parlementair+Documentatie+Centrum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parlement.com%2Fid%2Fvg09llj9fau3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/psychology/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/isaacs-sutherland-susan-1885-1948">"Isaacs-Sutherland, Susan (1885-1948) | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. <i>encyclopedia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Isaacs-Sutherland%2C+Susan+%281885-1948%29+%26%23124%3B+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpsychology%2Fdictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases%2Fisaacs-sutherland-susan-1885-1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1948" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prussianmachine.com/aka/kress.htm">"Friedrich Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein"</a>. <i>prussianmachine.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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