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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Milford_on_Sea%2C_Rook_Cliff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1744521.jpg/300px-Milford_on_Sea%2C_Rook_Cliff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1744521.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Milford_on_Sea%2C_Rook_Cliff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1744521.jpg/400px-Milford_on_Sea%2C_Rook_Cliff_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1744521.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Brickearth deposits exposed as the topmost orange red layer in the cliff at Milford on Sea, Hampshire, UK</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Brickearth</b> is a term originally used to describe <a href="/wiki/Superficial_deposits" title="Superficial deposits">superficial</a> windblown deposits found in southern <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The term has been employed in English-speaking regions to describe similar deposits. </p><p>Brickearths are <a href="/wiki/Periglacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Periglacial">periglacial</a> <a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">loess</a>, a wind-blown dust deposited under extremely cold, dry, peri- or postglacial conditions. The name arises from its early use in making house <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">bricks</a>, its composition being suitable for brick-making without additional material being added; unlike clay, its bricks can be hardened (fused) at lower temperatures, including in wood-fired kilns. </p><p>The brickearth is normally represented on 1:50,000 solid and drift edition geological maps.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">Thames</a> valley, in broad patches brickearth overlies <a href="/wiki/Fluvial_terrace" title="Fluvial terrace">fluvial terrace</a> gravel; it has been reclassified on later maps as the "<a href="/wiki/Langley,_Slough" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley, Slough">Langley</a> Silt Complex".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brickearth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brickearth is a superficial deposit of homogeneous <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loam</a> or <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a><sup id="cite_ref-kent_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deposited during the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> geological period.<sup id="cite_ref-chichester_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chichester-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brickearth typically occurs in discontinuous spreads, across southern England and South Wales, south of a line from Pembroke in the west to Essex in the east in depths of up to a metre. Commercially useful deposits of about 2m to 4m thick are present in Kent, Hertfordshire and Hampshire, overlying <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thanet_Beds" class="mw-redirect" title="Thanet Beds">Thanet Beds</a> or <a href="/wiki/London_Clay" title="London Clay">London Clay</a>. The original deposition of the sediments occurred under cold climates where <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> out-wash sediments from glaciers were subject to windy dry periods. The exposed finer-grained sediments were picked up and transported by the wind and were deposited wherever the wind strength decreased.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are extensive brickearth deposits in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, particularly on the <a href="/wiki/North_Downs" title="North Downs">North Downs</a> dip slope and on the <a href="/wiki/Hoo_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoo peninsula">Hoo peninsula</a>, sections of the <a href="/wiki/River_Medway" title="River Medway">Medway</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Stour,_Kent" title="River Stour, Kent">Stour</a> valleys. Its mineral content is critical to its applicability in <a href="/wiki/Brickmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Brickmaking">brickmaking</a> and requires precise proportions of <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NERC_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NERC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brickearth requires little or no admixture of other materials to render it suitable for the manufacture of '<a href="/wiki/London_stock_brick" title="London stock brick">stock bricks</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-kent_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kent-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, four active stock brick works were in Kent: at <a href="/wiki/Otterham_Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Otterham Quay">Otterham Quay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funton" title="Funton">Funton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murston" title="Murston">Murston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ospringe" title="Ospringe">Ospringe</a>. </p><p>The brickearth gives rise to rich and fertile soils which have been exploited for agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is prone to rapid <a href="/wiki/Slump_(geology)" title="Slump (geology)">'collapse'</a> settlement when saturated with water and does not provide a firm foundation for buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-NERC_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NERC-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a>, the brickearth is a flint-rich brown silty clay up to five metres thick, which occurs on the coastal plain. The brickearth is unfossiliferous but occasionally yields man-made flint implements.<sup id="cite_ref-chichester_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chichester-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When used for <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a> making, it was often dug from small temporary holes and baked into bricks on the spot in <a href="/wiki/Brick_clamp" title="Brick clamp">brick clamps</a>, and used for building nearby. The hole often remained and became a <a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">pond</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brickearth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BGS solid and drift edition 1:50,000 Maps</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibbard, P. L., 1985 Pleistocene History of the Middle Thames Valley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kent-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kent_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kent_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shareweb.kent.gov.uk/Documents/Environment-and-planning/planning-and-land-use/kent-minerals-subject-plan-brickearth-extraction/kent-minerals-subject-plan-brickearth-1986.pdf">Kent Minerals Subject Plan, BrickEarth Written Statement</a>, May 1986, Kent County Council Planning Department. Accessed April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chichester-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chichester_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chichester_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chichester.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=1827">Pleistocene</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016150820/http://www.chichester.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=1827">Archived</a> October 16, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Chichester Museum website. Accessed April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geo-east.org.uk/pp/essex/cgreport_pdf/GCA%201%20-%20Tendring%20Plateau.pdf">Geodiversity Character Area Descriptions GCA 1 Tendring Plateau</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072852/http://www.geo-east.org.uk/pp/essex/cgreport_pdf/GCA%201%20-%20Tendring%20Plateau.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Geo-East Partnership Accessed April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NERC-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NERC_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NERC_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgs.ac.uk/science/landUseAndDevelopment/engineering_geology/formation_engineering.html">Loessic Brickearth Map</a> at Physical Properties and Behaviour of UK Rocks and Soils. British Geological Survey, National Environmental Research Council. Accessed April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qra.org.uk/uploads/downloads/files/22/original/Tendring_Essex_Geodiversity_poster.pdf">Tendring Essex Geodiversity poster</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130507120019/http://qra.org.uk/uploads/downloads/files/22/original/Tendring_Essex_Geodiversity_poster.pdf">Archived</a> May 7, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Peter Allen, Gerald Lucy, Teresa O’Connor, David Bridgland, William George, Adrian Gascoyne, Adrian Knowles, Tom White. Quaternary Research Association, Geo Essex . Accessed April 2012</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qjegh.lyellcollection.org/content/29/2/147.abstract">The engineering properties and behaviour of the brickearth of south Essex</a> K. J. Northmore, F. G. Bell and M. G. Culshaw,</li></ul> <p>doi: 10.1144/GSL.QJEGH.1996.029.P2.04 May 1996 Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 29, 147-161. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soil_classification" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World_Reference_Base_for_Soil_Resources" title="World Reference Base for Soil Resources">World Reference Base<br /> for Soil Resources</a> (1998–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrisol" title="Acrisol">Acrisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alisols" class="mw-redirect" title="Alisols">Alisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andosol" title="Andosol">Andosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrosol" title="Anthrosol">Anthrosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamment" title="Psamment">Arenosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcisol" title="Calcisol">Calcisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambisol" title="Cambisol">Cambisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">Chernozem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryosols" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryosols">Cryosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durisol" title="Durisol">Durisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferralsols" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferralsols">Ferralsols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluvisol" title="Fluvisol">Fluvisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleysol" title="Gleysol">Gleysols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsisols" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsisols">Gypsisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histosol" title="Histosol">Histosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastanozem" title="Kastanozem">Kastanozems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptosol" title="Leptosol">Leptosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixisol" title="Lixisol">Lixisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luvisol" title="Luvisol">Luvisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisol" title="Nitisol">Nitisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeozem" title="Phaeozem">Phaeozems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planosol" title="Planosol">Planosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plinthosol" title="Plinthosol">Plinthosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podzol" title="Podzol">Podzols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regosol" title="Regosol">Regosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retisol" title="Retisol">Retisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solonchak" title="Solonchak">Solonchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solonetz" title="Solonetz">Solonetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagnosol" title="Stagnosol">Stagnosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technosol" title="Technosol">Technosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbrisol" title="Umbrisol">Umbrisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertisol" title="Vertisol">Vertisols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/USDA_soil_taxonomy" title="USDA soil taxonomy">USDA soil taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfisol" title="Alfisol">Alfisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andisol" title="Andisol">Andisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aridisol" title="Aridisol">Aridisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entisol" title="Entisol">Entisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelisol" title="Gelisol">Gelisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histosol" title="Histosol">Histosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inceptisol" title="Inceptisol">Inceptisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollisol" title="Mollisol">Mollisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxisol" title="Oxisol">Oxisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podzol" title="Podzol">Spodosols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultisol" title="Ultisol">Ultisols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertisol" title="Vertisol">Vertisols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAO_soil_classification" title="FAO soil classification">FAO soil classification</a> (1974–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Soil_Classification_System" title="Unified Soil Classification System">Unified Soil Classification System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AASHTO_Soil_Classification_System" title="AASHTO Soil Classification System">AASHTO Soil Classification System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentiel_p%C3%A9dologique" title="Référentiel pédologique">Référentiel pédologique</a> (French classification system)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_system_of_soil_classification" title="Canadian system of soil classification">Canadian system of soil classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Soil_Classification" title="Australian Soil Classification">Australian Soil Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Soil_Classification" title="Polish Soil Classification">Polish Soil Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_USDA_soil_taxonomy" title="1938 USDA soil taxonomy">1938 USDA soil taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">List of U.S. state soils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vineyard_soil_types" title="List of vineyard soil types">List of vineyard soil types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-systematic soil types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">Silt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">Loam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsoil" title="Topsoil">Topsoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsoil" title="Subsoil">Subsoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_crust" title="Soil crust">Soil crust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claypan" title="Claypan">Claypan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardpan" title="Hardpan">Hardpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypcrust" title="Gypcrust">Gypcrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliche" title="Caliche">Caliche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent_material" title="Parent material">Parent material</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedosphere" title="Pedosphere">Pedosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laimosphere" title="Laimosphere">Laimosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizosphere" title="Rhizosphere">Rhizosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_soil" title="Bulk soil">Bulk soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_soil" title="Alkali soil">Alkali soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_mud" title="Bay mud">Bay mud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_goo" title="Blue goo">Blue goo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brickearth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_earth" title="Brown earth">Brown earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcareous_grassland" title="Calcareous grassland">Calcareous grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_earth" title="Dark earth">Dark earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_quicksand" title="Dry quicksand">Dry quicksand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_soil" title="Duplex soil">Duplex soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluvium" title="Eluvium">Eluvium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansive_clay" title="Expansive clay">Expansive clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_dirt" title="Fill dirt">Fill dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller%27s_earth" title="Fuller's earth">Fuller's earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic_soil" title="Hydrophobic soil">Hydrophobic soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loess" title="Loess">Loess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar soil">Lunar soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martian_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian soil">Martian soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud" title="Mud">Mud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskeg" title="Muskeg">Muskeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleosol" title="Paleosol">Paleosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_farmland" title="Prime farmland">Prime farmland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quicksand" title="Quicksand">Quicksand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_soil" title="Serpentine soil">Serpentine soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodic_soil" class="mw-redirect" title="Spodic soil">Spodic soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagnogley" title="Stagnogley">Stagnogley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaqueous_soil" title="Subaqueous soil">Subaqueous soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takir_(soil)" title="Takir (soil)">Takir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_preta" title="Terra preta">Terra preta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_rossa_(soil)" title="Terra rossa (soil)">Terra rossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_peat" title="Tropical peat">Tropical peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedoma" title="Yedoma">Yedoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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