CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Donald Rumsfeld - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"136d2b00-241e-4e0d-a2ab-04f7d6aa8101","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Donald_Rumsfeld","wgTitle":"Donald Rumsfeld","wgCurRevisionId":1258564826,"wgRevisionId":1258564826,"wgArticleId":8629,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","CS1 errors: requires URL","CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use American English from February 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from July 2020","Pages using infobox officeholder with ambassador from or minister from", "Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","Articles with hAudio microformats","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2012","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2021","Articles needing additional references from July 2024","All articles needing additional references","Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch","People appearing on C-SPAN","Guardian topic template using Wikidata","Donald Rumsfeld","1932 births","2021 deaths","20th-century Illinois politicians","20th-century Presbyterians","21st-century American memoirists","21st-century Illinois politicians","21st-century Presbyterians","American chief executives of manufacturing companies","American male non-fiction writers","American game designers","American people of German descent","American political writers","American Presbyterians" ,"Businesspeople from Chicago","Businesspeople from Evanston, Illinois","Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry","Burials at Arlington National Cemetery","Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election","The Carlyle Group people","Deaths from cancer in New Mexico","Deaths from multiple myeloma in the United States","Ford administration cabinet members","George W. Bush administration cabinet members","Georgetown University Law Center alumni","Gilead Sciences people","Military personnel from Illinois","New Trier High School alumni","Nixon administration cabinet members","People from Taos, New Mexico","People from Winnetka, Illinois","Permanent Representatives of the United States to NATO","Politicians from Chicago","Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients","Princeton University alumni","Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star","Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois","Torture in the United States", "United States congressional aides","United States government officials of the Iraq War","United States Naval Aviators","United States Navy captains","United States Navy reservists","United States secretaries of defense","White House chiefs of staff","Writers from Evanston, Illinois"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Donald_Rumsfeld","wgRelevantArticleId":8629,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample": false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q184650","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rumsfeld1.jpg/1200px-Rumsfeld1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1500"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rumsfeld1.jpg/800px-Rumsfeld1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rumsfeld1.jpg/640px-Rumsfeld1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Donald Rumsfeld - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Donald_Rumsfeld rootpage-Donald_Rumsfeld skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Donald+Rumsfeld" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Donald+Rumsfeld" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Donald+Rumsfeld" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Donald+Rumsfeld" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Early life and education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early life and education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naval_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Naval service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career_in_government_(1962–1975)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career_in_government_(1962–1975)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Career in government (1962–1975) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career_in_government_(1962–1975)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Career in government (1962–1975) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career_in_government_(1962–1975)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Member_of_Congress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_Congress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Member of Congress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_Congress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nixon_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nixon_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Nixon administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nixon_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ford_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ford_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Ford administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ford_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_Defense_(1975–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_Defense_(1975–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Secretary of Defense (1975–1977) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secretary_of_Defense_(1975–1977)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Secretary of Defense (1975–1977) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_Defense_(1975–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SALT_II_Treaty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SALT_II_Treaty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 SALT II Treaty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SALT_II_Treaty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_the_private_sector_(1977–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_the_private_sector_(1977–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Return to the private sector (1977–2000) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Return_to_the_private_sector_(1977–2000)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Return to the private sector (1977–2000) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Return_to_the_private_sector_(1977–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Business career </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part-time_public_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part-time_public_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Part-time public service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part-time_public_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidential_and_vice-presidential_aspirations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_and_vice-presidential_aspirations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Presidential and vice-presidential aspirations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_and_vice-presidential_aspirations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_Defense_(2001–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_Defense_(2001–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Secretary of Defense (2001–2006) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secretary_of_Defense_(2001–2006)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Secretary of Defense (2001–2006) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_Defense_(2001–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-September_11,_2001_attacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September_11,_2001_attacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 September 11, 2001 attacks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September_11,_2001_attacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_decisions_in_the_wake_of_9/11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_decisions_in_the_wake_of_9/11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Military decisions in the wake of 9/11 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_decisions_in_the_wake_of_9/11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_Afghanistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_Afghanistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 War in Afghanistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_Afghanistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iraq_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraq_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Iraq War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prisoner_abuse_and_torture_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prisoner_abuse_and_torture_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Prisoner abuse and torture concerns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prisoner_abuse_and_torture_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Resignation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_and_later_life_(2006–2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_and_later_life_(2006–2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Retirement and later life (2006–2021) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement_and_later_life_(2006–2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Electoral history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Honours </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_reputation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_reputation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Legacy and reputation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_reputation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affiliation_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affiliation_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Affiliation history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Affiliation_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Affiliation history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Affiliation_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutional_affiliations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional_affiliations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Institutional affiliations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional_affiliations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_posts,_panels,_and_commissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_posts,_panels,_and_commissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Government posts, panels, and commissions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_posts,_panels,_and_commissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_connections_and_business_interests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_connections_and_business_interests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Corporate connections and business interests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_connections_and_business_interests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Works </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 General and cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Donald Rumsfeld</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" > 64 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF" title="دونالد رامسفيلد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دونالد رامسفيلد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ramsfeld" title="Donald Ramsfeld – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Donald Ramsfeld" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AF" title="دونالد رامسفلد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دونالد رامسفلد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Дональд Рамсфелд – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дональд Рамсфелд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Доналд Ръмсфелд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Доналд Ръмсфелд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AF" title="دونالد رامسفلد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دونالد رامسفلد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%EB%9F%BC%EC%A6%88%ED%8E%A0%EB%93%9C" title="도널드 럼즈펠드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도널드 럼즈펠드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D5%8C%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%BD%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A4" title="Դոնալդ Ռամսֆելդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոնալդ Ռամսֆելդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%93" title="דונלד רמספלד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דונלד רמספלד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="დონალდ რამსფელდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დონალდ რამსფელდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldus_Rumsfeld" title="Donaldus Rumsfeld – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Donaldus Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donalds_Ramsfelds" title="Donalds Ramsfelds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Donalds Ramsfelds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AF" title="دونالد رامسفيلد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دونالد رامسفيلد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Доналд Рамсфелд – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Доналд Рамсфелд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89" title="ドナルド・ラムズフェルド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドナルド・ラムズフェルド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" title="ڈونلڈ رمسفیلڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈونلڈ رمسفیلڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%DA%89" title="ډونالډ رمزفيلډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډونالډ رمزفيلډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Рамсфелд, Дональд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамсфелд, Дональд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF_%DA%95%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8E%DA%B5%D8%AF" title="دۆناڵد ڕەمسفێڵد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆناڵد ڕەمسفێڵد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Доналд Рамсфелд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Доналд Рамсфелд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ดอนัลด์ รัมส์เฟลด์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอนัลด์ รัมส์เฟลด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Дональд Рамсфелд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дональд Рамсфелд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88" title="ڈونلڈ رمسفیلڈ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈونلڈ رمسفیلڈ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Donald Rumsfeld" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7" title="拉姆斯菲爾德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="拉姆斯菲爾德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="唐纳德·拉姆斯菲尔德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Ramsfeld" title="Donald Ramsfeld – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Donald Ramsfeld" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184650#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Donald_Rumsfeld" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Donald_Rumsfeld" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&oldid=1258564826" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Donald_Rumsfeld&id=1258564826&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDonald_Rumsfeld">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FDonald_Rumsfeld">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Rumsfeld" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Donald_Rumsfeld" hreflang="en">Wikisource</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184650" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician and diplomat (1932–2021)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rumsfeld" redirects here. For the professor, see <a href="/wiki/John_S._Rumsfeld" title="John S. Rumsfeld">John S. Rumsfeld</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Donald Rumsfeld</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rumsfeld1.jpg/220px-Rumsfeld1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rumsfeld1.jpg/330px-Rumsfeld1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rumsfeld1.jpg/440px-Rumsfeld1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 2001</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">13th and 21st <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 20, 2001 – December 18, 2006</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy United States Secretary of Defense">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_R._England" title="Gordon R. England">Gordon England</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">William Cohen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office November 20, 1975 – January 20, 1977</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clements" title="Bill Clements">Bill Clements</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James Schlesinger</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Harold Brown</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">6th <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office September 21, 1974 – November 20, 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Gerald Ford</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">9th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to NATO">United States Ambassador to NATO</a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office February 2, 1973 – September 21, 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></li><li>Gerald Ford</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. Kennedy (politician)">David Kennedy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" title="David K. E. Bruce">David Bruce</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Director of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_1970#Administrative_history" title="Economic Stabilization Act of 1970">Cost of Living Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office October 15, 1971 – February 2, 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Nixon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position abolished</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office December 11, 1970 – October 15, 1971<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Finch_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Finch (American politician)">Robert Finch</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Nixon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Harlow" title="Bryce Harlow">Bryce Harlow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Finch</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity">Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office May 27, 1969 – December 11, 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Richard Nixon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Bertrand Harding</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" title="Frank Carlucci">Frank Carlucci</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">13th</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 1963 – May 25, 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_S._Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite S. Church">Marguerite Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">Phil Crane</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Donald Henry Rumsfeld</div> (1932-07-09)July 9, 1932 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 29, 2021(2021-06-29) (aged 88) <a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos, New Mexico</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Joyce Pierson</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1954)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">AB</a>) <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donald Rumsfeld's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg/128px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg/192px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg/256px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="74" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rumsfeld.com">Library website</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">"Rummy"</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1954–1957 (active)</li><li>1957–1975 (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">Reserve</a>)</li><li>1975–1989 (<a href="/wiki/Individual_Ready_Reserve" title="Individual Ready Reserve">Ready Reserve</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-6)" title="Captain (United States O-6)">Captain</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_Holds_First_Press_Conference_after_Sept._11_Attacks.ogg" title="File:Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld Holds First Press Conference after Sept. 11 Attacks.ogg">Donald Rumsfeld's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="162" data-mwtitle="Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_Holds_First_Press_Conference_after_Sept._11_Attacks.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_Holds_First_Press_Conference_after_Sept._11_Attacks.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_Holds_First_Press_Conference_after_Sept._11_Attacks.ogg/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_Holds_First_Press_Conference_after_Sept._11_Attacks.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Rumsfeld opens the first Pentagon press conference after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> Recorded September 11, 2001</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#United_States" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_chivalry" title="Southern chivalry">Southern chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)" title="John Burgess (political scientist)">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Graglia" title="Lino Graglia">Graglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">Political views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Ginni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a> (1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (historically, factions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Newspapers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></li></ul> Journals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a> (defunct)</li></ul> TV channels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> Websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Economics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> Gun rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> Identity politics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America">ACT!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> Nativist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_League" title="Immigration Restriction League">Immigration Restriction League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> Watchdog groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> (defunct)</li></ul> Youth/student groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> Miscellaneous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Political_Action_Committee" title="National Conservative Political Action Committee">NCPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism#Influence_on_the_Christian_right_in_general" title="Christian reconstructionism">Reconstructionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_education_movement" title="Classical education movement">Classical education movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Paideia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Women in conservatism in the United States">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#United_States" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States">Mormon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Prophecy" title="White Horse Prophecy">White Horse Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Patriot movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism#United_States" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secessionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">in Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunning_School" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican">South Park Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Donald Henry Rumsfeld (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">secretary of defense</a> from 1975 to 1977 under President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, and again from 2001 to 2006 under President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Historical_Office_Rumsfeld_Bush_Administration-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> He was both the youngest and the oldest secretary of defense.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Additionally, Rumsfeld was a four-term <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Congressman</a> from Illinois (1963–1969), director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" title="Office of Economic Opportunity">Office of Economic Opportunity</a> (1969–1970), <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">counselor to the president</a> (1969–1973), the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Permanent_Representative_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Permanent Representative to NATO">U.S. Representative to NATO</a> (1973–1974), and the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> (1974–1975). Between his terms as secretary of defense, he served as the CEO and chairman of several companies. Born in Illinois, Rumsfeld attended <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, graduating in 1954 with a degree in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>. After serving in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> for three years, he mounted a campaign for Congress in Illinois's 13th Congressional District, winning in 1962 at the age of 30. Rumsfeld accepted an appointment by President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> to head the Office of Economic Opportunity in 1969; appointed counsellor by Nixon and entitled to Cabinet-level status, he also headed up the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_1970" title="Economic Stabilization Act of 1970">Economic Stabilization Program</a> before being appointed ambassador to NATO. Called back to Washington in August 1974, Rumsfeld was appointed chief of staff by President Ford. Rumsfeld recruited a young one-time staffer of his, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, to succeed him when Ford nominated him to be secretary of defense in 1975. When Ford lost the 1976 election, Rumsfeld returned to private business and financial life, and was named president and CEO of the <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical">pharmaceutical</a> corporation <a href="/wiki/G._D._Searle_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="G. D. Searle & Company">G. D. Searle & Company</a>. He was later named CEO of <a href="/wiki/General_Instrument" title="General Instrument">General Instrument</a> from 1990 to 1993 and chairman of <a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a> from 1997 to 2001. Rumsfeld was appointed secretary of defense for a second time in January 2001 by President George W. Bush. As secretary of defense, Rumsfeld played a central role in the 2001 <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">United States invasion of Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. Before and during the Iraq War, he claimed that Iraq had an active <a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> program; no stockpiles were ever found.<a href="#cite_note-Frontline_who_said-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FactCheck_2005-09-02-5">[5]</a> A Pentagon Inspector General report found that Rumsfeld's top policy aide "developed, produced, and then disseminated alternative intelligence assessments on the Iraq and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">relationship</a>, which included some conclusions that were inconsistent with the consensus of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a>, to senior decision-makers".<a href="#cite_note-McClatchy_2007-02-07-6">[6]</a> Rumsfeld's tenure was controversial for <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">its use of torture</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a> scandal.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Rumsfeld gradually lost political support and resigned in late 2006. In his retirement years, he published an autobiography, <a href="/wiki/Known_and_Unknown:_A_Memoir" title="Known and Unknown: A Memoir">Known and Unknown: A Memoir</a>, as well as Rumsfeld's Rules: Leadership Lessons in Business, Politics, War, and Life. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg/120px-Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg/180px-Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg/240px-Rumsfeld1954_princeton_yearbook.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1102" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld's 1954 yearbook portrait from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a></figcaption></figure> Donald Henry Rumsfeld was born at <a href="/wiki/St._Luke%27s_Hospital_(Chicago,_Illinois)" title="St. Luke's Hospital (Chicago, Illinois)">St. Lukes Hospital</a> on July 9, 1932, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, the son of Jeannette Kearsley (née Husted) and George Donald Rumsfeld.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> His father came from a <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> family that had emigrated in the 1870s from <a href="/wiki/Weyhe" title="Weyhe">Weyhe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-own_rules-11">[11]</a>: 15–16  but young Donald was sometimes ribbed about looking like a "tough Swiss".<a href="#cite_note-own_rules-11">[11]</a>: 16 and 31  Growing up in <a href="/wiki/Winnetka,_Illinois" title="Winnetka, Illinois">Winnetka, Illinois</a>, Rumsfeld became an <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</a> in 1949 and was the recipient of both the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Eagle_Scout_Award" title="Distinguished Eagle Scout Award">Distinguished Eagle Scout Award</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a> in 2006. Living in Winnetka, his family attended a <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregational church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> From 1943 to 1945, Rumsfeld lived in <a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado, California</a>, while his father was stationed on an aircraft carrier in the Pacific in World War II.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> He was a ranger at <a href="/wiki/Philmont_Scout_Ranch" title="Philmont Scout Ranch">Philmont Scout Ranch</a> in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Rumsfeld attended Baker Demonstration School,<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> and later graduated<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Trier_High_School" title="New Trier High School">New Trier High School</a> where he excelled academically as well as in sports. In the band, the young Rumsfeld played <a href="/wiki/Drums" class="mw-redirect" title="Drums">drums</a> and also excelled at <a href="/wiki/Saxophone" title="Saxophone">saxophone</a>. He attended Princeton University on academic and <a href="/wiki/Naval_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps">NROTC</a> partial scholarships. He graduated in 1954 with an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">A.B.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">politics</a> after completing a senior thesis titled "<a href="/wiki/The_steel_seizure_case" class="mw-redirect" title="The steel seizure case">The Steel Seizure Case of 1952</a> and Its Effects on Presidential Powers".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> During his time at Princeton, he was an accomplished amateur wrestler, becoming captain of the varsity wrestling team, and captain of the <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightweight Football">Lightweight Football</a> team playing <a href="/wiki/Defensive_back" title="Defensive back">defensive back</a>. While at Princeton he was friends with another future Secretary of Defense, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" title="Frank Carlucci">Frank Carlucci</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Rumsfeld married Joyce P. Pierson on December 27, 1954. They had three children, six grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. He attended <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University_School_of_Law" title="Case Western Reserve University School of Law">Case Western Reserve University School of Law</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University_Law_Center" title="Georgetown University Law Center">Georgetown University Law Center</a>, but did not take a degree from either institution.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_service">Naval service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naval service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/220px-U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/330px-U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/440px-U.S._Navy_Lieutenant_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="822" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld (right, standing) as a Navy lieutenant in 1955</figcaption></figure> Rumsfeld served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> from 1954 to 1957, as a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Aviator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Naval Aviator">naval aviator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flight_instructor" title="Flight instructor">flight instructor</a>. His initial training was in the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American</a> <a href="/wiki/T-6_Texan" class="mw-redirect" title="T-6 Texan">SNJ Texan</a> basic trainer after which he transitioned to the T-28 advanced trainer. In 1957, he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">Naval Reserve</a> and continued his naval service in flying and administrative assignments as a drilling reservist. On July 1, 1958, he was assigned to Anti-submarine Squadron 662 at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Anacostia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Air Station Anacostia">Naval Air Station Anacostia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, as a selective reservist.<a href="#cite_note-airforcetimes.com-22">[22]</a> Rumsfeld was designated aircraft commander of Anti-submarine Squadron 731 on October 1, 1960, at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Grosse_Ile" title="Naval Air Station Grosse Ile">Naval Air Station Grosse Ile</a>, Michigan, where he flew the <a href="/wiki/S2F_Tracker" class="mw-redirect" title="S2F Tracker">S2F Tracker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-airforcetimes.com-22">[22]</a> He transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Individual_Ready_Reserve" title="Individual Ready Reserve">Individual Ready Reserve</a> when he became Secretary of Defense in 1975 and retired with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-6)" title="Captain (United States O-6)">captain</a> in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-defenselink1-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_in_government_(1962–1975)">Career in government (1962–1975)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career in government (1962–1975)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_Congress">Member of Congress</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Member of Congress">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg/220px-Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg/330px-Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg/440px-Donald_Rumsfeld_congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld during his time in Congress</figcaption></figure> In 1957, during the <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> administration, Rumsfeld served as administrative assistant to <a href="/wiki/David_S._Dennison_Jr." title="David S. Dennison Jr.">David S. Dennison Jr.</a>, a Congressman representing the 11th district of Ohio. In 1959, he moved on to become a staff assistant to Congressman <a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Griffin" title="Robert P. Griffin">Robert P. Griffin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Engaging in a two-year stint with an investment banking firm, <a href="/wiki/A._G._Becker_%26_Co." title="A. G. Becker & Co.">A. G. Becker & Co.</a>, from 1960 to 1962,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Rumsfeld then set his sights on becoming a member of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> for <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">Illinois's 13th congressional district</a> in 1962, at the age of 30, and was re-elected by large majorities in 1964, 1966, and 1968.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> While in Congress, he served on the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Economic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Economic Committee">Joint Economic Committee</a>, the Committee on Science and Aeronautics, and the Government Operations Committee, as well as on the Subcommittees on Military and Foreign Operations. He was also a co-founder of the Japanese-American Inter-Parliamentary Council<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> in addition to being a leading cosponsor of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_Information_Act_(United_States)" title="Freedom of Information Act (United States)">Freedom of Information Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 1965, following the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 presidential election</a>, which also led to the Republicans losing many seats in the House of Representatives, Rumsfeld proposed new leadership for the Republicans in the House, suggesting that representative Gerald Ford from Michigan's 5th congressional district was the most suited candidate to replace <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck" title="Charles A. Halleck">Charles A. Halleck</a> as Republican leader.<a href="#cite_note-Rumsfeld-2011-29">[29]</a> Rumsfeld, along with other members of the Republican caucus, then urged Ford to run for Republican leader. Ford eventually defeated Halleck and became House Minority Leader in 1965. The group of Republicans that encouraged Ford to run for the Republican leadership became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Young_Turks_(U.S._politics)" title="Young Turks (U.S. politics)">Young Turks</a>". Rumsfeld later served during Ford's presidency as his chief of staff in 1974, and was chosen by Ford to succeed <a href="/wiki/James_Schlesinger" class="mw-redirect" title="James Schlesinger">James Schlesinger</a> as United States Secretary of Defense in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-Rumsfeld-2011-29">[29]</a> During Rumsfeld's tenure as member of the U.S. House of Representatives, he voiced concerns about <a href="/wiki/United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="United States in the Vietnam War">U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War</a>, saying that President Johnson and his national security team were overconfident about how the war was being conducted. On one occasion, Rumsfeld joined with other members of the House and traveled to Vietnam for a fact-finding mission to see for themselves how the war was going. The trip led to Rumsfeld believing that the <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnamese</a> government was much too dependent on the United States. Rumsfeld was also unsatisfied when he received a briefing about war planning from the commander of the U.S. troops in Vietnam, General <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rumsfeld-2011-29">[29]</a> The trip led Rumsfeld to cosponsor a resolution to bring the conduct of the war to the House floor for further debate and discussion about U.S. mismanagement of the war. However, under constant pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson administration</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a>, who at that time held the majority at the House of Representatives, blocked the resolution from consideration.<a href="#cite_note-Rumsfeld-2011-29">[29]</a> As a young Congressman, Rumsfeld attended seminars at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>, an experience he credits with introducing him to the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_military" title="Volunteer military">all volunteer military</a>, and to the economist <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_School_of_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago School of Economics">Chicago School of Economics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> He later took part in Friedman's <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> series <a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> During his tenure in the House, Rumsfeld voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Acts of 1964</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nixon_administration">Nixon administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nixon administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld,_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Donald_Rumsfeld%2C_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg/175px-Donald_Rumsfeld%2C_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Donald_Rumsfeld%2C_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg/263px-Donald_Rumsfeld%2C_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Donald_Rumsfeld%2C_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg/350px-Donald_Rumsfeld%2C_Exec._Dir._Cost_of_Living_Council.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3698" data-file-height="5337" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld in 1971 as Director of Cost of Living Council</figcaption></figure>Rumsfeld resigned from Congress in 1969 – his fourth term – to serve in the Nixon administration in a variety of executive branch positions. Nixon appointed Rumsfeld director of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Office of Economic Opportunity">United States Office of Economic Opportunity</a> (OEO), a position with <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet rank</a>. Rumsfeld had voted against the creation of OEO when he was in Congress,<a href="#cite_note-Mann20031101-38">[38]</a> and, according to his 2011 memoirs, he initially rejected Nixon's offer, citing his own inherent belief that the OEO did more harm than good, and he felt that he was not the right person for the job.<a href="#cite_note-memoir-39">[39]</a>: 119–121  After much negotiation, he accepted the OEO appointment with Nixon's "assurances that he would be ... also an assistant to the President, with Cabinet-level status and an office in the White House,"<a href="#cite_note-Mann20031101-38">[38]</a> which "sweetened (the OEO position) with status and responsibility".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> As director, Rumsfeld sought to reorganize the Office to serve what he later described in his 2011 memoir as "a laboratory for experimental programs".<a href="#cite_note-memoir-39">[39]</a>: 125  Several beneficial <a href="/wiki/Poverty_reduction" title="Poverty reduction">anti-poverty programs</a> were saved by allocating funds to them from other less-successful government programs. During this time, he hired Frank Carlucci<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> and Dick Cheney<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> to serve under him.<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg/222px-Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg/333px-Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg/444px-Richard_Nixon_and_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_son_Nick.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld with his son, Nick, in the Oval Office with President Nixon, 1973</figcaption></figure> He was the subject of one of writer <a href="/wiki/Jack_Anderson_(columnist)" title="Jack Anderson (columnist)">Jack Anderson</a>'s columns, alleging that "anti-poverty czar" Rumsfeld had cut programs to aid the poor while spending thousands to redecorate his office. Rumsfeld dictated a four-page response to Anderson, labeling the accusations as falsehoods, and invited Anderson to tour his office. Despite the tour, Anderson did not retract his claims, and only much later admitted that his column was a mistake.<a href="#cite_note-memoir-39">[39]</a>: 125 <a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> When Rumsfeld left OEO in December 1970, Nixon named him Counselor to the President, a general advisory position; in this role, he retained Cabinet status.<a href="#cite_note-own_rules-11">[11]</a>: 75  He was given an office in the <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a> in 1969 and regularly interacted with the <a href="/wiki/Nixon_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nixon administration">Nixon administration</a> hierarchy. He was named director of the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_1970" title="Economic Stabilization Act of 1970">Economic Stabilization Program</a> in 1970 as well, and later headed up the <a href="/wiki/ACCRA_Cost_of_Living_Index" title="ACCRA Cost of Living Index">Cost of Living Council</a>. In March 1971 Nixon was recorded saying about Rumsfeld "at least Rummy is tough enough" and "He's a ruthless little bastard. You can be sure of that."<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In February 1973, Rumsfeld left Washington to serve as <a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_from_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors from the United States">U.S. Ambassador</a> to the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Treaty Organization">North Atlantic Treaty Organization</a> (NATO) in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium. He served as the United States' Permanent Representative to the <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Council" title="North Atlantic Council">North Atlantic Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Planning_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Planning Committee">Defense Planning Committee</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Planning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Planning Group">Nuclear Planning Group</a>. In this capacity, he represented the United States in wide-ranging military and diplomatic matters, and was asked to help mediate a conflict on behalf of the United States between <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-memoir-39">[39]</a>: 157 <a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ford_administration">Ford administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ford administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney,_April_28,_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney%2C_April_28%2C_1975.jpg/222px-Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney%2C_April_28%2C_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney%2C_April_28%2C_1975.jpg/333px-Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney%2C_April_28%2C_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney%2C_April_28%2C_1975.jpg/444px-Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney%2C_April_28%2C_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5946" data-file-height="3927" /></a><figcaption>Chief of Staff Rumsfeld (left) and Deputy-Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (right) meet with President Ford, April 1975.</figcaption></figure> In August 1974, after Nixon resigned as president in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>, Rumsfeld was called back to Washington to serve as the transition chairman for the new president, Gerald Ford. He had been Ford's confidante since their days in the House, before Ford was House minority leader and was one of the members of the "<a href="/wiki/Young_Turks_(U.S._politics)" title="Young Turks (U.S. politics)">Young Turks</a>" who played a major role in bringing Ford to Republican leadership in the House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> As the new president became settled in, Ford appointed Rumsfeld <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>, following Ford's appointment of General <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a> to be the new <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Europe" title="Supreme Allied Commander Europe">Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a>. Rumsfeld served from 1974 to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_Defense_(1975–1977)">Secretary of Defense (1975–1977)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Secretary of Defense (1975–1977)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington,_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington%2C_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg/220px-Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington%2C_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington%2C_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg/330px-Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington%2C_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington%2C_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg/440px-Associate_Supreme_Court_Justice_Potter_Stewart_Swearing_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_as_Secretary_of_Defense_at_the_Pentagon_in_Arlington%2C_Virginia_-_NARA_-_23898551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3614" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld is sworn in as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> in November 1975</figcaption></figure> In October 1975, Ford reshuffled his cabinet in the <a href="/wiki/Halloween_Massacre_(Ford_administration)" title="Halloween Massacre (Ford administration)">Halloween Massacre</a>. Various newspaper and magazine articles at the time identified Rumsfeld as having orchestrated these events.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Ford named Rumsfeld to succeed Schlesinger as the 13th U.S. Secretary of Defense and <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Bob Woodward</a>'s 2002 book <a href="/wiki/Bush_at_War" title="Bush at War">Bush at War</a>, a rivalry developed between the two men and "Bush senior was convinced that Rumsfeld was pushing him out to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> to end his political career."<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Rumsfeld's confirmation hearing as Secretary of Defense began on November 12, 1975. During the hearing, Rumsfeld was mostly asked about the administration's defense policy on the Cold War. Rumsfeld stated that the Soviet Union was a "clear and present danger," especially following the end of the Vietnam War, which Rumsfeld described as the USSR's chance to build up its domination.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> On November 17, 1975, Rumsfeld was confirmed as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> by a vote of 97–2.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> At the age of 43, Rumsfeld became the youngest person to serve as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a> as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford-rumsfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ford-rumsfeld.jpg/220px-Ford-rumsfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Ford-rumsfeld.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and President Ford share a laugh in a Cabinet meeting, 1975.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg/220px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg/330px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg/440px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_H._Rumsfeld_with_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown" title="George Scratchley Brown">George S. Brown</a> at a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a> hearing on January 15, 1976</figcaption></figure> During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, Rumsfeld oversaw the transition to an all-volunteer military. He sought to reverse the gradual decline in the defense budget and to build up U.S. strategic and conventional forces, undermining Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> at the <a href="/wiki/SALT" class="mw-redirect" title="SALT">SALT</a> talks.<a href="#cite_note-NYTInfighter-56">[56]</a> He asserted, along with <a href="/wiki/Team_B" title="Team B">Team B</a> (which he helped to set up),<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> that trends in comparative U.S.-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet armed forces">Soviet</a> military strength had not favored the United States for 15 to 20 years and that, if continued, they "would have the effect of injecting a fundamental instability in the world".<a href="#cite_note-defenselink1-23">[23]</a> For this reason, he oversaw the development of <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/B-1_Lancer" class="mw-redirect" title="B-1 Lancer">B-1 bomber</a>, and a major naval shipbuilding program.<a href="#cite_note-NYTInfighter-56">[56]</a> Rumsfeld made some changes at the <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">Pentagon</a>, including appointing a second <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">deputy secretary of defense</a> (a position created in 1972 but, before <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ellsworth" title="Robert Ellsworth">Robert Ellsworth</a>, never filled before<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>) and combining certain offices. More than his predecessors, Rumsfeld frequently traveled both within the U.S. and internationally, acting as a key representative for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense Department</a>, focusing on the politics of his defense role, to fulfill an imperative goal of budget increase, in order to maintain strategic parity with the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Rumsfeld, who previously was assigned to the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, emphasized the importance of the next stage of the space program following the successful Moon landing in 1969. While serving as Secretary of Defense, Rumsfeld organized a joint-cooperation between the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> and <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> to develop <a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> Another result of the cooperation was the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SALT_II_Treaty">SALT II Treaty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SALT II Treaty">edit</a>]</div> During his tenure as Secretary of Defense, Rumsfeld worked to finish the SALT II Treaty.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> Rumsfeld, together with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown" title="George Scratchley Brown">George S. Brown</a> drafted the treaty.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> However, an agreement was not made before the 1976 election. SALT II was finished and signed during the Carter administration.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> In 1977, Rumsfeld was awarded the nation's highest civilian award, the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Historical_Office_Rumsfeld_Bush_Administration-1">[1]</a> Kissinger, his bureaucratic adversary, later paid him a different sort of compliment, pronouncing him "a special Washington phenomenon: the skilled full-time politician-bureaucrat in whom ambition, ability, and substance fuse seamlessly".<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Rumsfeld's first tenure as Secretary of Defense ended on January 20, 1977. He was succeeded by former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Harold Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_the_private_sector_(1977–2000)">Return to the private sector (1977–2000)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Return to the private sector (1977–2000)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_career">Business career</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Business career">edit</a>]</div> In early 1977 Rumsfeld briefly lectured at Princeton's <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson School">Woodrow Wilson School</a> and Northwestern's <a href="/wiki/Kellogg_School_of_Management" title="Kellogg School of Management">Kellogg School of Management</a>. His sights instead turned to business, and from 1977 to 1985 Rumsfeld served as chief executive officer, president, and then chairman of <a href="/wiki/G.D._Searle,_LLC" title="G.D. Searle, LLC">G. D. Searle & Company</a>, a worldwide pharmaceutical company based in <a href="/wiki/Skokie,_Illinois" title="Skokie, Illinois">Skokie, Illinois</a>. During his tenure at Searle, Rumsfeld led the company's financial turnaround, thereby earning awards as the Outstanding Chief Executive Officer in the Pharmaceutical Industry from the Wall Street Transcript (1980) and Financial World (1981). Journalist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cockburn" title="Andrew Cockburn">Andrew Cockburn</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a> claimed that Rumsfeld suppressed news that Searle's key product, <a href="/wiki/Aspartame" title="Aspartame">aspartame</a>, was shown to have <a href="/wiki/Aspartame_controversy" title="Aspartame controversy">potentially dangerous effects</a> by leveraging old government contacts at <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">the Food and Drug Administration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 1985, Searle was sold to the <a href="/wiki/Monsanto_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Monsanto Company">Monsanto Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Rumsfeld served as chairman and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/General_Instrument" title="General Instrument">General Instrument</a> from 1990 to 1993.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> A leader in broadband transmission, distribution, and access control technologies for cable, satellite, and terrestrial broadcasting applications, the company pioneered the development of the first all-digital <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition television</a> (<a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">HDTV</a>) technology. After taking the company public and returning it to profitability, Rumsfeld returned to private business in late 1993.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> From January 1997 until being sworn in as the 21st Secretary of Defense in January 2001, Rumsfeld served as chairman of <a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences, Inc.</a> Gilead is the developer of Tamiflu (<a href="/wiki/Oseltamivir" title="Oseltamivir">Oseltamivir</a>), which is used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/H5N1" class="mw-redirect" title="H5N1">bird flu</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Influenza_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenza A">influenza A</a> and <a href="/wiki/Influenza_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenza B">influenza B</a> in humans.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> As a result, Rumsfeld's holdings in the company grew significantly when avian flu became a subject of popular anxiety during his later term as Secretary of Defense. Following standard practice, Rumsfeld <a href="/wiki/Recusal" title="Recusal">recused</a> himself from any decisions involving Gilead, and he directed the Pentagon's general counsel to issue instructions outlining what he could and could not be involved in if there were an avian flu pandemic and the Pentagon had to respond.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part-time_public_service">Part-time public service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Part-time public service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg/220px-Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg/330px-Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg/440px-Ronald_Reagan_at_a_National_Security_Briefing_with_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_George_Shultz_in_Oval_Office.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2625" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on November 3, 1983</figcaption></figure> During his business career, Rumsfeld continued part-time public service in various posts. In November 1983, Rumsfeld was appointed special envoy to the Middle East by President Ronald Reagan,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> at a turbulent time in modern Middle Eastern history when Iraq was fighting Iran in the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>. The United States wished for Iraq to win the conflict, and Rumsfeld was sent to the Middle East to serve as a mediator on behalf of the president. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Shakinghands_high.ogv/220px-seek%3D3-Shakinghands_high.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="61" data-mwtitle="Shakinghands_high.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Shakinghands_high.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Shakinghands_high.ogv/Shakinghands_high.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/Shakinghands_high.ogv/Shakinghands_high.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Shakinghands_high.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video><figcaption>As President Reagan's Special Envoy to the Middle East, Rumsfeld met with <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> in December 1983, during the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a>.</figcaption></figure> When Rumsfeld visited <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> on December 20, 1983, he met Saddam Hussein at Saddam's palace and engaged a 90-minute discussion with him. They largely agreed on opposing <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>'s occupation of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>; preventing Syrian and Iranian expansion; and preventing arms sales to Iran. Rumsfeld suggested that if U.S.-Iraq relations could improve the U.S. might support a new <a href="/wiki/Oil_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil pipeline">oil pipeline</a> across <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, which Iraq had opposed but was now willing to reconsider. Rumsfeld also informed Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a> that "Our efforts to assist were inhibited by certain things that made it difficult for us ... citing the use of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical weapons">chemical weapons</a>."<a href="#cite_note-own_rules-11">[11]</a>: 159–60  Rumsfeld wrote in his memoir Known and Unknown that his meeting with Hussein "has been the subject of gossip, rumors, and crackpot conspiracy theories for more than a quarter of a century ... Supposedly I had been sent to see Saddam by President Reagan either to negotiate a secret oil deal, to help arm Iraq, or to make Iraq an American <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a>. The truth is that our encounter was more straightforward and less dramatic."<a href="#cite_note-memoir-39">[39]</a>: 6  <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> reported that "Although former U.S. officials agree that Rumsfeld was not one of the architects of the Reagan administration's <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">tilt toward Iraq</a>—he was a private citizen when he was appointed Middle East envoy—the documents show that his visits to Baghdad led to closer U.S.–Iraqi cooperation on a wide variety of fronts."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In addition to taking the position of Middle East envoy, Rumsfeld served as a member of the President's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control (1982–1986); President Reagan's special envoy on the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Sea_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of the Sea Treaty">Law of the Sea Treaty</a> (1982–1983); a senior adviser to President Reagan's Panel on Strategic Systems (1983–1984); a member of the Joint Advisory Commission on U.S./Japan Relations (1983–1984); a member of the National Commission on the Public Service (1987–1990); a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Commission" title="National Economic Commission">National Economic Commission</a> (1988–1989); a member of the board of visitors of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_University" title="National Defense University">National Defense University</a> (1988–1992); a member of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a>'s High Definition Television Advisory Committee (1992–1993); a member of the U.S. Trade Deficit Review Commission (1999–2000); a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>; and chairman of the U.S. Commission to Assess National Security Space Management and Organization (2000). Among his most noteworthy positions was chairman of the nine-member <a href="/wiki/Commission_to_Assess_the_Ballistic_Missile_Threat_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States">Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States</a> from January to July 1998. In its findings, the commission concluded that Iraq, Iran, and North Korea could develop intercontinental ballistic missile capabilities in five to ten years and that U.S. intelligence would have little warning before such systems were deployed.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> During the 1980s, Rumsfeld became a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Public_Administration_(United_States)" title="National Academy of Public Administration (United States)">National Academy of Public Administration</a>, and was named a member of the boards of trustees of the Gerald R. Ford Foundation, the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Exchange_Fellowships" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships">Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Foundation" title="National Park Foundation">National Park Foundation</a>. He was also a member of the U.S./Russia Business Forum and chairman of the Congressional Leadership's National Security Advisory Group.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Rumsfeld was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a>, a think-tank dedicated to maintaining U.S. primacy. In addition, he was asked to serve the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. State Department</a> as a foreign policy consultant from 1990 to 1993. Though considered one of the Bush administration's staunchest hard-liners against North Korea, Rumsfeld sat on European engineering giant <a href="/wiki/Asea_Brown_Boveri" class="mw-redirect" title="Asea Brown Boveri">Asea Brown Boveri</a>'s board from 1990 to 2001, a company that sold two light-water nuclear reactors to the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Peninsula_Energy_Development_Organization" title="Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization">Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization</a> for installation in <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Agreed_Framework_between_the_United_States_of_America_and_the_Democratic_People%27s_Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreed Framework between the United States of America and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea">1994 agreed framework</a> reached under President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. Rumsfeld's office said that he did not "recall it being brought before the board at any time" though <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> magazine reported that "board members were informed about this project".<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The Bush administration repeatedly criticized the 1994 agreement and the former Clinton presidency for its softness towards North Korea, regarding the country as a <a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">state sponsor of terrorism</a>, and later designated North Korea as part of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis-of-Evil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_and_vice-presidential_aspirations">Presidential and vice-presidential aspirations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidential and vice-presidential aspirations">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention" title="1976 Republican National Convention">1976 Republican National Convention</a>, Rumsfeld received one vote for Vice President of the United States, although he did not seek the office, and the nomination was easily won by Ford's choice, Senator <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention" title="1980 Republican National Convention">1980 Republican National Convention</a> he again received one vote for vice president.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Rumsfeld briefly sought the presidential nomination <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">in 1988</a>, but withdrew from the race before <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primaries</a> began.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 election</a> season, he initially formed a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_exploratory_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential exploratory committee">presidential exploratory committee</a>, but declined to formally enter the race. He was instead named national chairman for Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>'s campaign.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_Defense_(2001–2006)">Secretary of Defense (2001–2006)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Secretary of Defense (2001–2006)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense,_January_20,_2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense%2C_January_20%2C_2001.jpg/220px-Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense%2C_January_20%2C_2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense%2C_January_20%2C_2001.jpg/330px-Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense%2C_January_20%2C_2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense%2C_January_20%2C_2001.jpg/440px-Rumsfeld_is_sworn-in_as_Secretary_of_Defense%2C_January_20%2C_2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld is administered the oath of office as the 21st Secretary of Defense on January 20, 2001, by <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Administration_and_Management_(Department_of_Defense)" title="Director of Administration and Management (Department of Defense)">Director of Administration and Management</a> <a href="/wiki/David_O._Cooke" title="David O. Cooke">David O. Cooke</a> (left), as Joyce Rumsfeld holds the Bible in a ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Executive_Office_Building" title="Eisenhower Executive Office Building">Eisenhower Executive Office Building</a>.</figcaption></figure> Rumsfeld was named Secretary of Defense soon after President George W. Bush took office in 2001 despite Rumsfeld's past rivalry with the previous President Bush. Bush's first choice, <a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Smith" title="Frederick W. Smith">Fred Smith</a>, was unavailable and Vice President-elect Cheney recommended Rumsfeld for the job.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge_W._Bush201083–84-81">[81]</a> Rumsfeld's second tenure as Secretary of Defense cemented him as the most powerful Pentagon chief since <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> and one of the most influential Cabinet members in the Bush administration.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> His tenure proved to be a pivotal and rocky one that led the United States military into the 21st century. Following the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, Rumsfeld led the military planning and execution of the 2001 <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">United States invasion of Afghanistan</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a>. He pushed hard to send as small a force as soon as possible to both conflicts, a concept codified as the <a href="/wiki/Rumsfeld_Doctrine" title="Rumsfeld Doctrine">Rumsfeld Doctrine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-National_Defense_University_Press-83">[83]</a> Throughout his time as defense secretary, Rumsfeld was noted for his candor and quick wit when giving weekly press conferences or speaking with the press.<a href="#cite_note-candor-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> called him "a straight-talking Midwesterner" who "routinely has the press corps doubled over in fits of laughter".<a href="#cite_note-candor-84">[84]</a> By the same token, his leadership was exposed to much criticism through books covering the Iraq conflict, like <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Bob Woodward</a>'s <a href="/wiki/State_of_Denial" title="State of Denial">State of Denial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Ricks_(journalist)" title="Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)">Thomas E. Ricks</a>' <a href="/wiki/Fiasco:_The_American_Military_Adventure_in_Iraq" title="Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq">Fiasco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour Hersh</a>'s Chain of Command.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September_11,_2001_attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: September 11, 2001 attacks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg/220px-The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg/330px-The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg/440px-The_Pentagon_is_functioning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>"The Pentagon is functioning" was the message Rumsfeld stressed during a press conference in the Pentagon briefing room barely eight hours after terrorists crashed a hijacked commercial jetliner into the Pentagon. Rumsfeld is flanked, left to right, by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary of the Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._White" title="Thomas E. White">Tom White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Shelton" title="Hugh Shelton">Hugh Shelton</a>, and Senators <a href="/wiki/John_Warner" title="John Warner">John Warner</a> (R-VA), and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</a> (D-MI), the Ranking Member and Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>.</figcaption></figure> On <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11, 2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> terrorists hijacked commercial airliners and crashed them in coordinated strikes into both towers of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, New York City, and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. The fourth plane crashed into a field in <a href="/wiki/Shanksville,_Pennsylvania" title="Shanksville, Pennsylvania">Shanksville, Pennsylvania</a>, and its target was likely a prominent building in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, most probably either the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol Building">U.S. Capitol Building</a> or the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Within three hours of the start of the first hijacking and two hours after <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines_Flight_11" title="American Airlines Flight 11">American Airlines Flight 11</a> struck the World Trade Center, Rumsfeld raised the defense condition signaling of the United States offensive readiness to <a href="/wiki/DEFCON" title="DEFCON">DEFCON 3</a>, the highest it had been since the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Arab–Israeli war in 1973</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Rumsfeld addressed the nation in a press conference at the Pentagon, just eight hours after the attacks and stated, "It's an indication that the United States government is functioning in the face of this terrible act against our country. I should add that the briefing here is taking place in the Pentagon. The Pentagon's functioning. It will be in business tomorrow."<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_decisions_in_the_wake_of_9/11">Military decisions in the wake of 9/11</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Military decisions in the wake of 9/11">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg/220px-Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg/330px-Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg/440px-Rumsfeld_and_Giuliani_at_Ground_Zero.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld and New York City Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> speak at the site of the World Trade Center attacks in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> on November 14, 2001.</figcaption></figure> On the afternoon of September 11, Rumsfeld issued rapid orders to his aides to look for evidence of possible Iraqi involvement in regard to what had just occurred, according to notes taken by senior policy official <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cambone" title="Stephen Cambone">Stephen Cambone</a>. "Best info fast. Judge whether good enough hit S.H." – meaning Saddam Hussein – "at same time. Not only UBL" (<a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>), Cambone's notes quoted Rumsfeld as saying. "Need to move swiftly – Near term target needs – go massive – sweep it all up. Things related and not."<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> In the first emergency meeting of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> on the day of the attacks, Rumsfeld asked, "Why shouldn't we go against Iraq, not just al-Qaeda?" with his deputy <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a> adding that Iraq was a "brittle, oppressive regime that might break easily—it was doable," and, according to <a href="/wiki/John_Kampfner" title="John Kampfner">John Kampfner</a>, "from that moment on, he and Wolfowitz used every available opportunity to press the case."<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> President George W. Bush reacted to Rumsfeld's suggestion, "Wait a minute, I didn't hear a word said about him (Saddam Hussein) being responsible for the attack"<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> and the idea was initially rejected at the behest of Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, but, according to Kampfner, "Undeterred Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz held secret meetings about opening up a second front—against Saddam. Powell was excluded." In such meetings they created a policy that would later be dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a>, centering on "pre-emption" and the war on Iraq, which the <a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">PNAC</a> had advocated in their earlier letters.<a href="#cite_note-Hersh-93">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Clarke" title="Richard A. Clarke">Richard A. Clarke</a>, the White House counter-terrorism coordinator at the time, has revealed details of another National Security Council meeting the day after the attacks, during which officials considered the U.S. response. Already, he said, they were certain al-Qa'ida was to blame and there was no hint of Iraqi involvement. "Rumsfeld was saying we needed to bomb Iraq," according to Clarke. Clarke then stated, "We all said, 'No, no, al-Qa'ida is in Afghanistan.'" Clarke also revealed that Rumsfeld complained in the meeting, "there aren't any good targets in Afghanistan and there are lots of good targets in Iraq."<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Rumsfeld even suggested to attack other countries like Libya and Sudan, arguing that if this was to be a truly "global war on terror" then all state sponsors of terrorism should be dealt with.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Rumsfeld wrote in Known and Unknown, "Much has been written about the Bush administration's focus on Iraq after 9/11. Commentators have suggested that it was strange or obsessive for the President and his advisers to have raised questions about whether Saddam Hussein was somehow behind the attack. I have never understood the controversy. I had no idea if Iraq was or was not involved, but it would have been irresponsible for any administration not to have asked the question."<a href="#cite_note-memoir-39">[39]</a>: 347  A memo written by Rumsfeld dated November 27, 2001, considers an Iraq war. One section of the memo questions "How start?", listing multiple possible justifications for a U.S.-Iraq War.<a href="#cite_note-tv.msnbc.com-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_in_Afghanistan">War in Afghanistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: War in Afghanistan">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg/300px-Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg/450px-Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Rumsfeld-Memo-HowStart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="117" /></a><figcaption>Excerpt from Donald Rumsfeld memo dated November 27, 2001<a href="#cite_note-tv.msnbc.com-96">[96]</a></figcaption></figure> Rumsfeld directed the planning for the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a> after the September 11 attacks.<a href="#cite_note-National_Defense_University_Press-83">[83]</a> On September 21, 2001, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">USCENTCOM</a> Commander General <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a>, briefed the President on a plan to destroy al Qaeda in Afghanistan and remove the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> government. General Franks, also initially proposed to Rumsfeld that the U.S. invade Afghanistan using a conventional force of 60,000 troops, preceded by six months of preparation. Rumsfeld, however feared that a conventional invasion of Afghanistan could bog down as had happened to the Soviets in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1842_retreat_from_Kabul" title="1842 retreat from Kabul">1842 retreat from Kabul</a> by the British.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Rumsfeld rejected Franks's plan, saying "I want men on the ground now!" Franks returned the next day with a plan utilizing <a href="/wiki/US_Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="US Special Forces">U.S. Special Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-National_Defense_University_Press-83">[83]</a> Despite air and missile attacks against al Qaeda in Afghanistan, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">USCENTCOM</a> had no pre-existing plans for conducting ground operations there.<a href="#cite_note-National_Defense_University_Press-83">[83]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/220px-Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/330px-Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/440px-Brigadier_General_Lloyd_Austin_converse_with_Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld (center) converses with <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Afghanistan" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Afghanistan">U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad" title="Zalmay Khalilzad">Zalmay Khalilzad</a> (right) as Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> (top left) looks on during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar, Afghanistan</a>, on February 26, 2004</figcaption></figure> The September 21, 2001 plan emerged after extensive dialogue, but Secretary Rumsfeld also asked for broader plans that looked beyond Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-National_Defense_University_Press-83">[83]</a> On October 7, 2001, just hours after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">2001 invasion of Afghanistan</a> was launched, Rumsfeld addressed the nation in a press conference at the Pentagon stating "While our raids today focus on the Taliban and the foreign terrorists in Afghanistan, our aim remains much broader. Our objective is to defeat those who use terrorism and those who house or support them. The world stands united in this effort".<a href="#cite_note-United_States_Department_of_Defense-2001-99">[99]</a> Rumsfeld also stated "the only way to deal with these terrorist threats is to go at them where they exist. You cannot defend at every place at every time against every conceivable, imaginable, even unimaginable terrorist attack. And the only way to deal with it is to take the battle to where they are and to root them out and to starve them out by seeing that those countries and those organizations and those non-governmental organizations and those individuals that are supporting and harboring and facilitating these networks stop doing it and find that there's a penalty for doing it".<a href="#cite_note-United_States_Department_of_Defense-2001-99">[99]</a> Rumsfeld in another press conference at the Pentagon on October 29, 2001, stated "As the first weeks of this effort proceed, it bears repeating that our goal is not to reduce or simply contain terrorist acts, but our goal is to deal with it comprehensively. And we do not intend to stop until we've rooted out terrorist networks and put them out of business, not just in the case of the Taliban and the Al Qaeda in Afghanistan, but other networks as well. And as I've mentioned, the Al Qaeda network crosses some 40, 50-plus countries."<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Rumsfeld announced in November 2001, that he received "authoritative reports" that Al-Qaeda's number three <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Atef" title="Mohammed Atef">Mohammed Atef</a>, bin Laden's primary military chief and a planner of the September 11 attacks on America, was killed by a U.S. airstrike.<a href="#cite_note-Orlando_Sentinel-2001-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-archive.defense.gov-103">[103]</a> "He was very, very senior," Rumsfeld said. "We obviously have been seeking [him] out."<a href="#cite_note-Orlando_Sentinel-2001-101">[101]</a> In a press conference at the Pentagon on November 19, 2001, Rumsfeld described the role of U.S. ground forces in Afghanistan as firstly in the north, American troops are "embedded in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Alliance" title="Northern Alliance">Northern Alliance</a>" elements, helping arrange food and medical supplies and pinpointing airstrikes and in the south, commandos and other troops are operating more independently, raiding compounds, monitoring roadblocks and searching vehicles in the hope of developing more information about al-Qaeda and Taliban leaders.<a href="#cite_note-archive.defense.gov-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Orlando_Sentinel-2001-101">[101]</a> On December 16, 2001, Rumsfeld visited U.S. troops in Afghanistan at <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Airfield" title="Bagram Airfield">Bagram Air Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> On March 15, 2002, in another press conference at the Pentagon, Rumsfeld commented on the mission of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Operation Anaconda</a> by stating "Operation Anaconda continues in the area south of Gardez in eastern Afghanistan. The fighting is winding down as you know. Coalition forces are for the most part in an exploitation phase, doing the difficult work of searching caves and clearing areas where the battles and fighting has taken place. Our forces are finding weapons, ammunition, some intelligence information. In the top 25 al Qaeda, we know some are dead and we know some may be dead; we know some are captured and there are a larger number that we don't know. And roughly the same proportions with respect to Taliban".<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> On May 1, 2003, Rumsfeld during a visit to Afghanistan meeting with U.S. troops stationed in Kabul told the press "General Franks and I have been looking at the progress that's being made in this country and have concluded that we are at a point where we clearly have moved from major combat activity to a period of stability and stabilization and reconstruction and activities." "I should underline however, that there are still dangers, there are still pockets of resistance in certain parts of the country and General McNeal and General Franks and their, the cooperation they have with the <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Karzai" title="Hamid Karzai">President Karzai</a>'s government and leadership and Marshall Fayheems assistance. We will be continuing as a country to work with the Afghan government and the new Afghan National Army to see that the any areas where there is resistance to this government and to the coalition forces will be dealt with promptly and efficiently."<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> There was also controversy between the Pentagon and the CIA over who had the authority to fire <a href="/wiki/Hellfire_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellfire missiles">Hellfire missiles</a> from <a href="/wiki/RQ-1_Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="RQ-1 Predator">Predator drones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gpo-107">[107]</a> Even though the drones were not ready for deployment until 2002,<a href="#cite_note-gpo-107">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Benjamin" title="Daniel Benjamin">Daniel Benjamin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Simon" title="Steven Simon">Steven Simon</a> have argued that "these quarrels kept the Predator from being used against al Qaeda ... One anonymous individual who was at the center of the action called this episode 'typical' and complained that 'Rumsfeld never missed an opportunity to fail to cooperate. The fact is, the Secretary of Defense is an obstacle. He has helped the terrorists.'<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In December 2005, Rumsfeld again visited Kabul and met with the Afghan defense minister, <a href="/wiki/Rahim_Wardak" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahim Wardak">Rahim Wardak</a>. During the meeting, Rumsfeld expressed doubts about the effectiveness of the <a href="/wiki/Afghan_Army" title="Afghan Army">Afghan army</a> and attributed the worsening situation in Afghanistan to ineffective governance. He criticized the longstanding plan to expand the Afghan army to 70,000 troops and requested a reduction in the size of the Afghan army to 52,000 at most, claiming that this was necessary to "suit Afghanistan's limited revenues." Shortly after the trip, Rumsfeld also withdrew 3,000 U.S. troops from Afghanistan and canceled the planned deployment of one army brigade headed there.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In 2009, three years after Rumsfeld's tenure as Defense secretary ended, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations</a> led an investigation into the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tora_Bora" title="Battle of Tora Bora">Battle of Tora Bora</a> in December 2001, during the early phase of the U.S-led coalition war in Afghanistan. They concluded that Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld and General Franks had not committed enough troops during the battle to secure the area around Tora Bora. They believed that Al-Qaeda's number one leader <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a> had likely been at Tora Bora and his escape prolonged the war in Afghanistan.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Rumsfeld and Franks were apparently motivated by fear that a substantial American presence near Tora Bora could incite a rebellion by local <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a>, despite the latter's lack of organizational capability at the time and the fierce dissent voiced by many CIA analysts including <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Allen" title="Charles E. Allen">Charles E. Allen</a> (who warned Franks that "the back door [to <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>] was open") and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Berntsen" title="Gary Berntsen">Gary Berntsen</a> (who called for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">army rangers</a> to "kill this baby in the crib"). Instead of rangers or <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">marines</a>, the U.S. assault on Tora Bora relied on the CIA-backed Afghan militias of <a href="/wiki/Hazrat_Ali_(Afghan_politician)" title="Hazrat Ali (Afghan politician)">Hazrat Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zahir_Qadeer" title="Zahir Qadeer">Zahir Qadeer</a>, supplemented with <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52</a> bombardment. The resulting influx of hundreds of al-Qaeda fighters into Pakistan destabilized the country and damaged <a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Pakistan–United States relations">Pakistan–United States relations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The follow-up <a href="/wiki/Operation_Anaconda" title="Operation Anaconda">Operation Anaconda</a> "witnessed failures of planning and execution, the product of the fractured lines of command," as recounted by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Steve Coll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In mid-2002, Rumsfeld announced that "The war is over in Afghanistan," to the disbelief of State Department, CIA, and military officials in the country. As a result, Rumsfeld downplayed the need for an Afghan army of even 70,000 troops, far fewer than the 250,000 envisaged by Karzai.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iraq_War">Iraq War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Iraq War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020311-D-2987S-018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="1990" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld, accompanied by General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard Myers</a> and military representatives from the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>, speaks to the press on March 11, 2002</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg/220px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg/330px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg/440px-Donald_Rumsfeld_Tommy_Franks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld (left) and General <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a> (right), commander of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">United States Central Command</a>, listen to a question at a Pentagon press conference on March 5, 2003</figcaption></figure> Before and during the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, Rumsfeld claimed that Iraq had an active <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> program; in particular during his famous phrase "<a href="/wiki/There_are_known_knowns" class="mw-redirect" title="There are known knowns">there are known knowns</a>" in a press conference at the Pentagon on February 12, 2002,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> no stockpiles were ever found.<a href="#cite_note-Frontline_who_said-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-FactCheck_2005-09-02-5">[5]</a> Bush administration officials also claimed that there was an operational relationship between Al Qaeda and Saddam Hussein. A Pentagon Inspector General report found that Rumsfeld's top policy aide, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_J._Feith" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas J. Feith">Douglas J. Feith</a>, "developed, produced, and then disseminated alternative intelligence assessments on the Iraq and al-Qaeda relationship, which included some conclusions that were inconsistent with the consensus of the Intelligence Community, to senior decision-makers".<a href="#cite_note-McClatchy_2007-02-07-6">[6]</a> The job of finding WMD and providing justification for the attack fell to the intelligence services, but, according to Kampfner, "Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz believed that, while the established security services had a role, they were too bureaucratic and too traditional in their thinking." As a result, "they set up what came to be known as the 'cabal', a cell of eight or nine analysts in a new <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Special_Plans" title="Office of Special Plans">Office of Special Plans (OSP)</a> based in the U.S. Defense Department." According to an unnamed Pentagon source quoted by Hersh, the OSP "was created in order to find evidence of what Wolfowitz and his boss, Defense Secretary Rumsfeld, believed to be true—that Saddam Hussein had close ties to <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a>, and that Iraq had an enormous arsenal of chemical, biological, and possibly even nuclear weapons that threatened the region and, potentially, the United States".<a href="#cite_note-Hersh-93">[93]</a> On January 22, 2003, after the German and French governments voiced opposition to invading Iraq, Rumsfeld labeled these countries as part of "<a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Europe (politics)">Old Europe</a>", implying that countries that supported the war were part of a newer, modern Europe.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_031027-D-9880W-030.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Romanian President <a href="/wiki/Ion_Iliescu" title="Ion Iliescu">Ion Iliescu</a> (right) awards the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">"Star of Romania"</a> decoration to Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld</figcaption></figure> After the war in Afghanistan was launched, Rumsfeld participated in a meeting in regard to the review of the Department of Defense's Contingency Plan in the event of a war with Iraq. The plan, as it was then conceived, contemplated troop levels of up to 500,000, which Rumsfeld felt was far too many. Gordon and Trainor wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">As [General] Newbold outlined the plan ... it was clear that Rumsfeld was growing increasingly irritated. For Rumsfeld, the plan required too many troops and supplies and took far too long to execute. It was, Rumsfeld declared, the "product of old thinking and the embodiment of everything that was wrong with the military".<a href="#cite_note-inside-116">[116]</a></blockquote> In a press conference at the Pentagon on February 27, 2003, Rumsfeld told reporters after being asked a question that Army Chief of Staff General <a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Eric Shinseki</a> suggested it would take several hundred thousand troops on the ground to secure Iraq and provide stability. Is he wrong?. Rumsfeld replied "the idea that it would take several hundred thousand U.S. forces I think is far from the mark. The reality is that we already have a number of countries that have offered to participate with their forces in stabilization activities, in the event force has to be used."<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Rumsfeld addressed the nation in a press conference at the Pentagon on March 20, 2003, just hours after the launch of the <a href="/wiki/2003_Invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 Invasion of Iraq">2003 Invasion of Iraq</a>, where he announced the first strike of the war to liberate Iraq and that "The days of the Saddam Hussein regime are numbered," and "We continue to feel there is no need for a broader conflict if the Iraqi leaders act to save themselves and act to prevent such a conflict."<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Rumsfeld's role in directing the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> included a plan that was the <a href="/wiki/Shock_and_Awe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shock and Awe">Shock and Awe</a> campaign,<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> which resulted in a lightning invasion with 145,000 soldiers on the ground that took Baghdad in well under a month with very few American casualties.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many government buildings, plus major museums, electrical generation infrastructure, and even oil equipment were looted and vandalized during the transition from the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a>. A violent <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(Iraq_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)">insurrection</a> began shortly after the military operation started. On March 30, 2003, in an interview with <a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">George Stephanopoulos</a> on <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/This_Week_(American_TV_program)" title="This Week (American TV program)">This Week</a> program, Rumsfeld answered a question by Stephanopoulos about finding weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, Rumsfeld stated "We know where they are. They're in the area around <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> and Baghdad and east, west, south and north somewhat."<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> On April 9, 2003, at a press conference at the Pentagon, Rumsfeld addressed reporters during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Fall of Baghdad</a>, and stated "The scenes of free Iraqis celebrating in the streets, riding American tanks, tearing down the statues of Saddam Hussein in the center of Baghdad are breathtaking."<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> After the Iraq invasion, U.S. troops were criticized for not protecting the historical artifacts and treasures located at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Iraq">National Museum of Iraq</a>. On April 11, 2003, at a press conference at the Pentagon, when asked at the time why U.S. troops did not actively seek to stop the lawlessness, Rumsfeld replied, "Stuff happens ... and it's untidy and freedom's untidy, and free people are free to make mistakes and commit crimes and do bad things. They're also free to live their lives and do wonderful things. And that's what's going to happen here."<a href="#cite_note-StuffHappens-122">[122]</a> He further commented that, "The images you are seeing on television you are seeing over, and over, and over, and it's the same picture of some person walking out of some building with a vase, and you see it 20 times, and you think, "My goodness, were there that many vases?"<a href="#cite_note-StuffHappens-122">[122]</a> On July 24, 2003, at a press conference at the Pentagon, Rumsfeld commented on the release of photographs of the deceased sons of Saddam Hussein, <a href="/wiki/Uday_Hussein" title="Uday Hussein">Uday Hussein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qusay_Hussein" title="Qusay Hussein">Qusay Hussein</a>. "It is not a practice that the United States engages in on a normal basis," Rumsfeld said. "I honestly believe that these two are particularly bad characters and that it's important for the Iraqi people to see them, to know they're gone, to know they're dead, and to know they're not coming back." Rumsfeld also said, "I feel it was the right decision, and I'm glad I made it."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In October 2003, Rumsfeld approved a secret Pentagon "roadmap" on public relations, calling for "boundaries" between information operations abroad and the news media at home. The Roadmap advances a policy according to which as long as the U.S. government does not intentionally target the American public, it does not matter that <a href="/wiki/Psychological_operations" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological operations">psychological operations</a> reach the American public.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> On December 14, 2003, Rumsfeld in an interview with journalist <a href="/wiki/Lesley_Stahl" title="Lesley Stahl">Lesley Stahl</a> on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> after U.S. forces captured <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Red_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Red Dawn">Operation Red Dawn</a>, stated, "Here was a man who was photographed hundreds of times shooting off rifles and showing how tough he was, and in fact, he wasn't very tough, he was cowering in a hole in the ground, and had a pistol and didn't use it, and certainly did not put up any fight at all. I think that ... he resulted in the death of an awful lot of Iraqi people, in the last analysis, he seemed not terribly brave."<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> As Secretary of Defense, Rumsfeld was deliberate in crafting the public message from the Department of Defense. People will "rally" to the word "sacrifice", Rumsfeld noted after a meeting. "They are looking for leadership. Sacrifice = Victory." In May 2004, Rumsfeld considered whether to redefine the war on terrorism as a fight against "worldwide insurgency". He advised aides "to test what the results could be" if the war on terrorism were renamed.<a href="#cite_note-FromDesk-128">[128]</a> Rumsfeld also ordered specific public Pentagon attacks on and responses to U.S. newspaper columns that reported the negative aspects of the war. During Rumsfeld's tenure, he regularly visited U.S. troops stationed in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> reported that though Rumsfeld didn't specify a withdrawal date for troops in Iraq, "He says it would be unrealistic to wait for Iraq to be peaceful before removing U.S. led forces from the country, adding that Iraq had never been peaceful and perfect."<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On August 2, 2006, at a press conference at the Pentagon, Rumsfeld commented on the <a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Iraq_(2006%E2%80%932009)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectarian violence in Iraq (2006–2009)">sectarian violence in Iraq</a> where he stated "there's sectarian violence; people are being killed. <a href="/wiki/Sunnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnis">Sunnis</a> are killing <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> and Shi'a are killing Sunnis. <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> seem not to be involved. It's unfortunate, and they need a reconciliation process."<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> On October 26, 2006, at a press conference at the Pentagon after the failure of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward">Operation Together Forward</a> in Iraq, Rumsfeld stated "Would defeat in Iraq be so bad?" Well, the answer is: Yes, it would be. Those who are fighting against the Iraqi government want to seize power so that they can establish a new sanctuary and a base of operations for terrorists and any idea that U.S. military leaders are rigidly refusing to make adjustments in their approaches is just flat wrong. The military is continuing to adapt and to adjust as required. Yes, there are difficulties and problems to be sure."<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> As a result, Rumsfeld stirred controversy as to whether the forces that did invade Iraq were enough in size.<a href="#cite_note-inside-116">[116]</a> In 2006, Rumsfeld responded to a question by <a href="/wiki/Brit_Hume" title="Brit Hume">Brit Hume</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> as to whether he pressed General <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Franks" title="Tommy Franks">Tommy Franks</a> to lower his request for 400,000 troops for the war: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Absolutely not. That's a mythology. This town [Washington, D.C.] is filled with this kind of nonsense. The people who decide the levels of forces on the ground are not the Secretary of Defense or the President. We hear recommendations, but the recommendations are made by the combatant commanders and by members of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> and there hasn't been a minute in the last six years when we have not had the number of troops that the combatant commanders have requested.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></blockquote> Rumsfeld told Hume that Franks ultimately decided against such a troop level.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Throughout his tenure, Rumsfeld sought to remind the American people of the 9/11 attacks and threats against Americans, noting at one time in a 2006 memo to "[m]ake the American people realize they are surrounded in the world by violent extremists".<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-FromDesk-128">[128]</a> According to a report by <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, Rumsfeld was allegedly including <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">biblical</a> quotes in top secret briefing papers to appeal George W Bush, known for his devout religious beliefs, to invade Iraq as more like "holy war" or "a religious crusade" against Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> In a September 2007 interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Mike_Jackson_(British_Army_officer)" title="Mike Jackson (British Army officer)">Mike Jackson</a>, the head of the <a href="/wiki/British_army" class="mw-redirect" title="British army">British army</a> during the invasion, criticized Rumsfeld's plans for the invasion of Iraq as "intellectually bankrupt", adding that Rumsfeld is "one of those most responsible for the current situation in Iraq", and that he felt that "the US approach to combating global terrorism is 'inadequate' and too focused on military might rather than <a href="/wiki/Nation_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation building">nation building</a> and diplomacy."<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> In December 2004, Rumsfeld was heavily criticized for using a <a href="/wiki/Autopen" title="Autopen">signing machine</a> instead of personally signing over 1000 letters of condolence to the families of soldiers killed in action in Iraq and Afghanistan. He promised to personally sign all letters in the future.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prisoner_abuse_and_torture_concerns">Prisoner abuse and torture concerns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Prisoner abuse and torture concerns">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png/220px-Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png/330px-Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png/440px-Rumsfeld-4_hours_a_day.png 2x" data-file-width="1967" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption>Comment from Rumsfeld: "I stand for 8–10 hours a day. Why is standing [by prisoners] limited to 4 hours?"</figcaption></figure> The Department of Defense's preliminary concerns for holding, housing, and interrogating captured prisoners on the battlefield were raised during the military build-up prior to the Iraq War. Because Saddam Hussein's military forces surrendered when faced with military action, many within the DOD, including Rumsfeld and United States Central Command General Tommy Franks, decided it was in the best interest of all to hand these prisoners over to their respective countries. Additionally, it was determined that maintaining a large holding facility was, at the time, unrealistic. Instead, the use of many facilities such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_prison" title="Abu Ghraib prison">Abu Ghraib</a> to house prisoners of interest prior to handing them over, and Rumsfeld defended the Bush administration's decision to detain <a href="/wiki/Enemy_combatant" title="Enemy combatant">enemy combatants</a>. Because of this, critics, including members of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee">U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee</a>, held Rumsfeld responsible for the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse</a> scandal. Rumsfeld himself said: "These events occurred on my watch as Secretary of Defense. I am accountable for them."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> He offered his resignation to President Bush in the wake of the scandal, but it was not accepted.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_(SECDEF),_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah,_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_%28SECDEF%29%2C_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah%2C_Iraq.jpg/220px-US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_%28SECDEF%29%2C_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah%2C_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_%28SECDEF%29%2C_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah%2C_Iraq.jpg/330px-US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_%28SECDEF%29%2C_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah%2C_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_%28SECDEF%29%2C_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah%2C_Iraq.jpg/440px-US_Navy_041224-M-8096K-064_Secretary_of_Defense_%28SECDEF%29%2C_Donald_Rumsfeld_takes_a_photo_with_some_Marines_at_Camp_Fallujah%2C_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld poses with Marines during one of his trips to <a href="/wiki/Camp_Fallujah" title="Camp Fallujah">Camp Fallujah</a>, Iraq, on Christmas Eve 2004</figcaption></figure> In a memo read by Rumsfeld detailing how <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a> interrogators induced stress in prisoners by forcing them to remain standing in one position for a maximum of four hours, Rumsfeld scrawled a handwritten note on the memo reading: "I stand for 8–10 hours a day. Why is standing [by prisoners] limited to 4 hours? D.R."<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Various organizations, such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, called for investigations of Rumsfeld regarding his involvement in managing the Iraq War and his support of the Bush administration's policies of "<a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">enhanced interrogation techniques</a>", which are widely regarded as torture.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Legal scholars have argued that Rumsfeld "might be held criminally responsible if [he] would be prosecuted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a>".<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In 2005 the <a href="/wiki/ACLU" class="mw-redirect" title="ACLU">ACLU</a> and Human Rights First filed a lawsuit against Rumsfeld and other top government officials, "on behalf of eight men who they say were subjected to torture and abuse by U.S. forces under the command of Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld".<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-145">[145]</a> In 2005, a suit was filed against Rumsfeld by several human rights organizations for allegedly violating U.S. and international law that prohibits "torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment".<a href="#cite_note-USA_Today-145">[145]</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Vance" title="Donald Vance">Donald Vance</a> and Nathan Ertel filed suit against the U.S. government and Rumsfeld on similar grounds, alleging that they were tortured and their rights of <a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a> were violated.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> In 2007, U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Hogan" title="Thomas F. Hogan">Thomas F. Hogan</a> ruled that Rumsfeld could not "be held personally responsible for actions taken in connection with his government job".<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The ACLU tried to revive the case in 2011 with no success.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In 2004, German prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Kaleck" title="Wolfgang Kaleck">Wolfgang Kaleck</a> filed a criminal complaint charging Rumsfeld and 11 other U.S. officials as war criminals who either ordered the torture of prisoners or drafted laws that legitimated its use. The charges based on breaches of the UN Convention against Torture and the German Code of Crimes against International Law.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Rumsfeld's disclosure of the whistleblower's identity during a Senate hearing, despite assurances to <a href="/wiki/Joe_Darby" title="Joe Darby">Joe Darby</a> of his anonymity<a href="#cite_note-Am_I_a_Torturer?_Mother_Jones-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-When_Joseph_Comes_Marching_Home-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> led to shunning within the community, harassment and death threats against him and his family, resulting in them being taken into protective custody by the U.S. Army.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Darby would come to doubt the unintentionality of his public identification, though Rumsfeld sent him a letter stating there had been no malicious intent, the mention was meant as praise, that Rumsfeld was unaware of Darby's anonymity.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resignation">Resignation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Resignation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg/220px-Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg/330px-Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg/440px-Margaret_Thatcher_060912-F-0193C-006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4065" data-file-height="2737" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld with former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> alongside the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pace" title="Peter Pace">Peter Pace</a>, 2006</figcaption></figure> Eight U.S. and other <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO" title="Member states of NATO">NATO-member</a> retired generals and admirals called for Rumsfeld to resign in early 2006 in what was called the "Generals Revolt", accusing him of "abysmal" military planning and lack of strategic competence.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> Commentator <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a> reported at the time that <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> columnist <a href="/wiki/David_Ignatius" title="David Ignatius">David Ignatius</a>, who traveled often to Iraq and supported the war, said the generals "mirror the views of 75 percent of the officers in the field, and probably more".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Rumsfeld rebuffed these criticisms, stating, "out of thousands and thousands of admirals and generals, if every time two or three people disagreed we changed the secretary of defense of the United States, it would be like a merry-go-round."<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Bush defended Rumsfeld throughout and responded by stating that Rumsfeld is "exactly what is needed".<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands,_November_8,_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands%2C_November_8%2C_2006.jpg/220px-Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands%2C_November_8%2C_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands%2C_November_8%2C_2006.jpg/330px-Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands%2C_November_8%2C_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands%2C_November_8%2C_2006.jpg/440px-Bush_and_Rumsfeld_shakes_hands%2C_November_8%2C_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="514" data-file-height="389" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld shakes President Bush's hand as he announces his resignation, November 8, 2006.</figcaption></figure> On November 1, 2006, Bush stated he would stand by Rumsfeld as defense secretary for the length of his term as president.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Rumsfeld wrote a resignation letter dated November 6, 2006, and, per the stamp on the letter, Bush saw it on <a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a>, November 7, 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters2007-08-15-165">[165]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 United States general elections">elections</a>, the House and the Senate shifted to Democratic control. After the elections on November 8, 2006, Bush announced Rumsfeld would resign his position as Secretary of Defense. Many Republicans were unhappy with the delay, believing they would have won more votes if voters had known Rumsfeld was resigning.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters2007-08-15-165">[165]</a> Bush nominated <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> to succeed Rumsfeld.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> On December 15, 2006, a farewell ceremony, with an armed forces full honor review and a <a href="/wiki/21-gun_salute" title="21-gun salute">19-gun salute</a>, was held at the Pentagon Mall Terrace in honor of the departing Rumsfeld.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_and_later_life_(2006–2021)">Retirement and later life (2006–2021)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Retirement and later life (2006–2021)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg/220px-Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg/330px-Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg/440px-Donald_Rumsfeld_shares_a_laugh_with_Robert_Gates.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld shares a laugh with his successor, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a>, at a ceremony to unveil his official portrait as Secretary of Defense, June 25, 2010.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg/220px-Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg/330px-Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg/440px-Pentagon_Memorial_dedication_2008_1st_bench.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Dedication ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Pentagon_Memorial" title="Pentagon Memorial">Pentagon Memorial</a> in 2008</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:190911-A-AP390-2074_(48718782863).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/190911-A-AP390-2074_%2848718782863%29.jpg/220px-190911-A-AP390-2074_%2848718782863%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/190911-A-AP390-2074_%2848718782863%29.jpg/330px-190911-A-AP390-2074_%2848718782863%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/190911-A-AP390-2074_%2848718782863%29.jpg/440px-190911-A-AP390-2074_%2848718782863%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4720" data-file-height="3655" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld greeting former president <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> in 2019</figcaption></figure> In the months after his resignation, Rumsfeld toured the New York City publishing houses in preparation for a potential memoir.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> After receiving what one industry source labeled "big bids",<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> he reached an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a> to publish the book under its <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_HC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinel HC">Sentinel HC</a> imprint.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Rumsfeld declined to accept an <a href="/wiki/Advance_payment" title="Advance payment">advance</a> for the publication of his memoir, and said he was donating all proceeds from the work to veterans groups.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-173">[173]</a> His book, entitled <a href="/wiki/Known_and_Unknown:_A_Memoir" title="Known and Unknown: A Memoir">Known and Unknown: A Memoir</a>, was released on February 8, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> In conjunction with the publication of Known and Unknown, Rumsfeld established "The Rumsfeld Papers", a website with documents "related to the <a href="/wiki/Endnotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Endnotes">endnotes</a>" of the book and his service during the George W. Bush administration;<a href="#cite_note-website-175">[175]</a> during the months that followed the book's publication, the website was expanded to include over 4,000 documents from his archive. As of June 2011,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] the topics included his Congressional voting record, the Nixon administration, documents and memos of meetings while he was part of the Ford, Reagan, and George W. Bush administrations, private sector documents, and NATO documents, among other items.<a href="#cite_note-website-175">[175]</a> In 2007, Rumsfeld established The Rumsfeld Foundation, which focuses on encouraging public service in the United States and supporting the growth of free political and free economic systems abroad. The educational foundation provides fellowships to talented individuals from the private sector who want to serve for some time in government.<a href="#cite_note-foundation-173">[173]</a> Rumsfeld personally financed the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> As of January 2014, the foundation had sponsored over 90 fellows from Central Asia, provided over  million in tuition and stipend support for graduate students, awarded over  million in <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">microfinance</a> grants, and donated over  million to charities for veterans' affairs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> Rumsfeld was awarded the "Defender of the Constitution Award" at the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 2011. After his retirement from government, Rumsfeld criticized former fellow Cabinet member <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, in his memoir, asserting that she was basically unfit for office. In 2011, she responded, saying that Rumsfeld "doesn't know what he's talking about. The reader may imagine what can be correct about the conflicted matter."<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> In February 2011, Rumsfeld endorsed the repeal of the military's "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't ask, don't tell</a>" policy, saying that allowing gays and lesbians to openly serve "is an idea whose time has come".<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In March 2011, Rumsfeld spoke out on the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a>, telling <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> Senior White House Correspondent <a href="/wiki/Jake_Tapper" title="Jake Tapper">Jake Tapper</a> that the Obama administration should "recognize the mission has to determine the coalition. The coalition ought not determine the mission." Rumsfeld also used the word "confusion" six times to describe the United Nations-backed military effort in Libya.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> In October 2011, Rumsfeld conducted an interview with <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>'s Washington, D.C., bureau chief <a href="/wiki/Abderrahim_Foukara" title="Abderrahim Foukara">Abderrahim Foukara</a>. Foukara asked Rumsfeld whether, in hindsight, the Bush administration had sent enough troops into Iraq to secure the borders of the country, and whether that made the United States culpable in the death of innocent Iraqis. Foukara said people in the Pentagon told Rumsfeld the number of troops sent into Iraq was insufficient. Rumsfeld said, "You keep making assertions which are fundamentally false. No one in the Pentagon said they were not enough." Foukara pressed Rumsfeld repeatedly. Rumsfeld then asked, "Do you want to yell or do you want to have an interview?" Foukara then asked, "Do you think the numbers that you went to Iraq with did absolve you from the responsibility of tens, maybe hundreds of thousands of innocent Iraqis killed by the Coalition and those criminals that you talked about?" Rumsfeld called the question "pejorative" and said Foukara was "not being respectful" (Foukara disagreed) and was "just talking over, and over, and over again".<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> Rumsfeld was the subject of the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Errol_Morris" title="Errol Morris">Errol Morris</a> documentary <a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Known" title="The Unknown Known">The Unknown Known</a>, the title a reference to his <a href="/wiki/There_are_known_knowns" class="mw-redirect" title="There are known knowns">response to a question at a February 2002 press conference</a>. In the film Rumsfeld "discusses his career in Washington D.C. from his days as a congressman in the early 1960s to planning the invasion of Iraq in 2003".<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> In January 2016, in partnership with the literary and creative agency Javelin, which handled design and development,<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Rumsfeld released a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">mobile app</a> game of <a href="/wiki/Solitaire_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solitaire (game)">solitaire</a> called Churchill Solitaire, emulating a variant of the card game as played by <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Rumsfeld and the Churchill family said that profits from the game would be donated to charity.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> In June 2016, Rumsfeld announced that he would vote for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> On January 5, 2021, Rumsfeld was one of the ten living former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretaries of Defense</a> that sent a warning letter in order to warn President Trump not to involve the military in a 2020 presidential election dispute.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> On June 29, 2021, Rumsfeld died from <a href="/wiki/Multiple_myeloma" title="Multiple myeloma">multiple myeloma</a> at his home in <a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos, New Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Following a private funeral at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer</a>, he was buried in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> on August 24, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Electoral history">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Electoral history of Donald Rumsfeld">Electoral history of Donald Rumsfeld</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050702-F-7203T-593.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="2450" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld gives the command at the <a href="/wiki/2005_Pepsi_400" title="2005 Pepsi 400">2005 Pepsi 400</a>, where he served as the grand marshal.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></figcaption></figure> During the four elections during which he ran to represent <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">Illinois's 13th congressional district</a>, Rumsfeld received shares of the popular vote that ranged from 58% (in 1964) to 76% (in 1966). In 1975 and 2001, Rumsfeld was overwhelmingly <a href="/wiki/List_of_positions_filled_by_presidential_appointment_with_Senate_confirmation" title="List of positions filled by presidential appointment with Senate confirmation">confirmed by the U.S. Senate</a> after presidents Gerald Ford and George W. Bush, respectively, appointed him as U.S. Secretary of Defense. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Awards">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg/220px-Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg/330px-Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg/440px-Donald_H._Rumsfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1250" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld in the Pentagon auditorium for his final meeting with Pentagon employees, December 8, 2006</figcaption></figure> Rumsfeld was awarded 11 honorary degrees.<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a> Following his years as CEO, president, and later chairman of G. D. Searle & Company, he was recognized as Outstanding CEO in the pharmaceutical industry by <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Transcript" title="The Wall Street Transcript">The Wall Street Transcript</a> (1980) and <a href="/wiki/Financial_World" title="Financial World">Financial World</a> (1981).<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Some of his other awards included: <ul><li>All Navy Wrestling Champion (1956)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> (1983)<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" class="mw-redirect" title="George Marshall">George C. Marshall</a> Medal by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of the U.S. Army">Association of the U.S. Army</a> (1984)<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodrow Wilson Medal">Woodrow Wilson Medal</a> by Princeton University (1985)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> Medal (1993)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Lone Sailor Award by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy_Memorial_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation">U.S. Navy Memorial Foundation</a> (2002)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Statesmanship Award by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Association_of_Former_Members_of_Congress" title="United States Association of Former Members of Congress">United States Association of Former Members of Congress</a> (2003)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Freedom_Award" title="Ronald Reagan Freedom Award">Ronald Reagan Freedom Award</a> (2003)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Doolittle" class="mw-redirect" title="James H. Doolittle">James H. Doolittle</a> Award by the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a> (2003)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Gerald R. Ford Medal presented by President Ford and the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> (2004)<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Eagle_Scout_Award" title="Distinguished Eagle Scout Award">Distinguished Eagle Scout Award</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> (1976)<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award_for_Worst_Supporting_Actor" title="Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor">Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor</a> (2004) for his appearance in <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11">Fahrenheit 9/11</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_League_of_Philadelphia" title="Union League of Philadelphia">Union League of Philadelphia</a> Gold Medal for Citizenship (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a> Statesmanship Award (2007)</li> <li>Victory of Freedom Award from the <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Foundation" title="Richard Nixon Foundation">Richard Nixon Foundation</a> (2010)<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li>Order of Anthony Wayne from <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_Military_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley Forge Military Academy">Valley Forge Military Academy</a></li> <li>National Flag award from Albania's President <a href="/wiki/Bujar_Nishani" title="Bujar Nishani">Bujar Nishani</a> (2013)<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Honours">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ribbon</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Honour</th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_(ribbon).PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction (ribbon)"><img alt="Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction (ribbon)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_%28ribbon%29.PNG/50px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_%28ribbon%29.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_%28ribbon%29.PNG/75px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_%28ribbon%29.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_%28ribbon%29.PNG/100px-Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_with_Distinction_%28ribbon%29.PNG 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom" title="Presidential Medal of Freedom">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a></td> <td>1977<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR"><img alt="JPN Kyokujitsu-sho 1Class BAR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/50px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/75px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg/100px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_1Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Rising_Sun" title="Order of the Rising Sun">Order of the Rising Sun</a></td> <td>2015<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens"><img alt="Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png/50px-Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png/75px-Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png/100px-Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="93" /></a></td> <td>KSA</td> <td>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_King_Abdulaziz" title="Order of King Abdulaziz">Order of King Abdulaziz</a></td> <td>2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="POL Order Zaslugi RP kl1 BAR"><img alt="POL Order Zaslugi RP kl1 BAR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg/50px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg/75px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg/100px-POL_Order_Zaslugi_RP_kl1_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>Poland</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland">Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland</a></td> <td>2005<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Order of the Star of Romania - Ribbon bar"><img alt="Order of the Star of Romania - Ribbon bar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/50px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/75px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg/100px-Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>Romania</td> <td>Grand Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Star_of_Romania" title="Order of the Star of Romania">Order of the Star of Romania</a></td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August BAR"><img alt="D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August BAR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png/50px-D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png/75px-D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png/100px-D-HAN-B-Order-Ernest-August_BAR.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>Rwanda</td> <td>Medal of the Royal Order of the Lion</td> <td>2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="TWN Order of Brilliant Star 1Class BAR"><img alt="TWN Order of Brilliant Star 1Class BAR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg/50px-TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg/75px-TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg/100px-TWN_Order_of_Brilliant_Star_1Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></td> <td>Taiwan</td> <td>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Brilliant_Star" title="Order of Brilliant Star">Order of Brilliant Star</a></td> <td>2011<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_reputation">Legacy and reputation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Legacy and reputation">edit</a>]</div> Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> described Rumsfeld as "the most ruthless man" he knew.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Packer" title="George Packer">George Packer</a> of The Atlantic named Rumsfeld "the worst secretary of defense in American history" who "lacked the wisdom to change his mind."<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Bradley Graham, a <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> reporter and author of the book titled By His Own Rules: The Ambitions, Successes, and Ultimate Failures of Donald Rumsfeld released on June 23, 2009, stated "Rumsfeld left office as one of the most controversial Defense Secretaries since Robert McNamara and widely criticized for his management of the Iraq war and for his difficult relationships with Congress, administration colleagues, and military officers."<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neoconservative</a> commentator <a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Bill Kristol</a> was also critical of Rumsfeld, stating he "breezily dodged responsibility" for planning mistakes made in the Iraq War, including insufficient troop levels.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Jon_Meacham" title="Jon Meacham">Jon Meacham</a>'s book <a href="/wiki/Destiny_and_Power" title="Destiny and Power">Destiny and Power: The American Odyssey of George Herbert Walker Bush</a>, published in November 2015, the 41st president <a href="/wiki/George_H.W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a> was critical of Rumsfeld and called Rumsfeld "an arrogant fellow" and "I think he served the president badly," and "I don't like what he did, and I think it hurt the president having his iron-ass view of everything."<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affiliation_history">Affiliation history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Affiliation history">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Special:EditPage/Donald Rumsfeld">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Donald+Rumsfeld%22">"Donald Rumsfeld"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Donald+Rumsfeld%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Donald+Rumsfeld%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Donald+Rumsfeld%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Donald+Rumsfeld%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Donald+Rumsfeld%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (July 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutional_affiliations">Institutional affiliations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Institutional affiliations">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/247px-Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/371px-Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg/494px-Donald_Rumsfeld.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2670" /></a><figcaption>Rumsfeld's official portrait in 2001</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">Center for Security Policy</a>: longtime associate; winner of the CSP's 1998 "Keeper of the Flame" award (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a>: former member, board of trustees</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a>: signed PNAC's founding statement of principles as well as two policy letters on Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>: former board member</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>: former chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Free_World" title="Committee for the Free World">Committee for the Free World</a>: former chairman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Foundation" title="National Park Foundation">National Park Foundation</a>: former member<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_Exchange_Fellowships" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships">Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships</a>: former chairman<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Club" title="Bohemian Club">Bohemian Club</a>: member</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfalfa_Club" title="Alfalfa Club">Alfalfa Club</a>: member</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Public_Administration_(United_States)" title="National Academy of Public Administration (United States)">National Academy of Public Administration</a>: member<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_posts,_panels,_and_commissions">Government posts, panels, and commissions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Government posts, panels, and commissions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Secretary of Defense (2001–06)</li> <li>U.S. Commission to Assess National Security Space Management and Organization: chairman (2000)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>U.S. Trade Deficit Reviews Commission: member (1999–2000)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_to_Assess_the_Ballistic_Missile_Threat_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States">Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States</a>: chairman (1998)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>National Commission on Public Service: member (1987–1990)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_Commission" title="National Economic Commission">National Economic Commission</a>: member (1988–1989)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>President Reagan's General Advisory Committee on Arms Control: member (1982–1986)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>U.S. Joint Advisory Commission on U.S./Japan Relations: member (1983–1984)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Presidential Envoy to the Middle East, Reagan administration (1983–1984)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Presidential Envoy on the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Sea_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Law of the Sea Treaty">Law of the Sea Treaty</a>, Reagan administration (1982–1983)<a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">[195]</a></li> <li>Secretary of Defense (1975–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ford_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford administration">Ford administration</a> (1974–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Ambassador to NATO">U.S. Ambassador to NATO</a> (1973–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">Representative</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> (1962–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>: Various posts, including aviator (1954–57); reserves (1957–1975); retired as a navy captain (1989)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_connections_and_business_interests">Corporate connections and business interests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Corporate connections and business interests">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a>: former director – The annual reports of Eastern Air Lines disclose that Donald Rumsfeld was a member of Eastern Air Lines board of directors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a>: Joined Gilead as a director in 1988, chairman (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instrument" title="General Instrument">General Instrument</a>: chairman and CEO (1990–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Searle_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="G. D. Searle & Company">G. D. Searle & Company</a>: CEO/chairman/president (1977–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_Aerospace" title="Gulfstream Aerospace">Gulfstream Aerospace</a>: director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribune_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribune Company">Tribune Company</a>: director</li> <li>Metricom: director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a>: director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a>: director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a>: director 1985–1999 while <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gutierrez" title="Carlos Gutierrez">Carlos Gutierrez</a> (ex Cuba 1960) was president, CEO and chairman of Kellogg until named Secretary of Commerce under Bush from 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>: chairman of the board from 1981 to 1986; 1995–1996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amylin_Pharmaceuticals" title="Amylin Pharmaceuticals">Amylin Pharmaceuticals</a>: director</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown at The Pentagon, January 15, 1976."><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown at The Pentagon, January 15, 1976." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg/192px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg/288px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg/385px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_and_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_General_George_S._Brown_at_a_press_conference_in_the_Pentagon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1375" data-file-height="1430" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown" title="George Scratchley Brown">George S. Brown</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, January 15, 1976.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, President Ford and Rumsfeld in Vladivostok, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, November 1974."><img alt="Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, President Ford and Rumsfeld in Vladivostok, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, November 1974." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_%28crop%29.jpg/200px-President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_%28crop%29.jpg/300px-President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_%28crop%29.jpg/400px-President_Ford_and_Soviet_General_Secretary_Leonid_I._Brezhnev_-_NARA_-_7162534_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4197" data-file-height="3406" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>, President Ford and Rumsfeld in <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>, Soviet Union, November 1974.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers and Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz testifying before the 9/11 Commission in March 2004."><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers and Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz testifying before the 9/11 Commission in March 2004." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_040323-F-6655M-225.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3001" data-file-height="1962" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard B. Myers</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a> testifying before the <a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission" title="9/11 Commission">9/11 Commission</a> in March 2004.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumsfeld and Victoria Nuland at the NATO-Ukraine consultations in Vilnius, Lithuania, on October 24, 2005."><img alt="Rumsfeld and Victoria Nuland at the NATO-Ukraine consultations in Vilnius, Lithuania, on October 24, 2005." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_051024-F-5586B-016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4512" data-file-height="2940" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rumsfeld and <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Nuland" title="Victoria Nuland">Victoria Nuland</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Ukraine–NATO relations">NATO-Ukraine</a> consultations in Vilnius, Lithuania, on October 24, 2005. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Princeton University: A.B. (1954)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumsfeld and Cheney with President Ford at The Oval Office"><img alt="Rumsfeld and Cheney with President Ford at The Oval Office" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg/200px-President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg/300px-President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg/400px-President_Ford_meets_with_Rumsfeld_and_Cheney_-_NARA_-_7140637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4802" data-file-height="3174" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rumsfeld and Cheney with President Ford at The <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="White House Chief of Staff Donald Rumsfeld with President Gerald Ford at the Oval Office, White House"><img alt="White House Chief of Staff Donald Rumsfeld with President Gerald Ford at the Oval Office, White House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg/200px-Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg/300px-Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg/400px-Photograph_of_President_Gerald_R._Ford_and_Chief_of_Staff_Donald_Rumsfeld_in_the_Oval_Office_-_NARA_-_7140610.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3603" data-file-height="2290" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> Donald Rumsfeld with President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Vice President Nelson Rockefeller in 1976"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Vice President Nelson Rockefeller in 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg/200px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg/300px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg/400px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_with_Vice_President_Nelson_Rockefeller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="465" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> in 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld,_Brown,_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office,_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown, National Security Advisor Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft, and C.I.A. Director George H.W. Bush at The Oval Office, White House, March 11, 1976"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General George S. Brown, National Security Advisor Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft, and C.I.A. Director George H.W. Bush at The Oval Office, White House, March 11, 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Rumsfeld%2C_Brown%2C_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office%2C_White_House.jpg/197px-Rumsfeld%2C_Brown%2C_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office%2C_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Rumsfeld%2C_Brown%2C_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office%2C_White_House.jpg/295px-Rumsfeld%2C_Brown%2C_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office%2C_White_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Rumsfeld%2C_Brown%2C_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office%2C_White_House.jpg/394px-Rumsfeld%2C_Brown%2C_Bush_and_Scowcroft_at_The_Oval_Office%2C_White_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="327" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown" title="George Scratchley Brown">George S. Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft" title="Brent Scowcroft">Brent Scowcroft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">C.I.A. Director</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H.W. Bush</a> at The <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, March 11, 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld testifying at Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on the Defense Department budget on March 9, 1976"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld testifying at Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on the Defense Department budget on March 9, 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg/200px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg/300px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg/400px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_testifying_at_a_Senate_hearing_on_the_Defense_Department_budget.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4673" data-file-height="3251" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld testifying at Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on the Defense Department budget on March 9, 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld speaking during a press conference at The Pentagon on October 6, 1976"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld speaking during a press conference at The Pentagon on October 6, 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG/200px-Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG/300px-Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG/400px-Rumsfeld_Donald_1976_DD-SN-07-12483.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1970" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld speaking during a press conference at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> on October 6, 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during an Interview with WMAL-TV reporter Jim Clark at The Pentagon Studio on November 4, 1976"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during an Interview with WMAL-TV reporter Jim Clark at The Pentagon Studio on November 4, 1976" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg/200px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg/300px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg/400px-Secretary_of_Defense_Donald_Rumsfeld_during_an_Interview_at_The_Pentagon_Studio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="524" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld during an Interview with WMAL-TV reporter Jim Clark at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> Studio on November 4, 1976</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donald Rumsfeld with President Ronald Reagan at The Oval Office in 1983"><img alt="Donald Rumsfeld with President Ronald Reagan at The Oval Office in 1983" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_%28cropped%29.jpg/400px-Reagan_Contact_Sheet_C19174_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="282" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Donald Rumsfeld with President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> at The <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> in 1983</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld watches as General Richard B. Myers was sworn in as the 15th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, October 1, 2001."><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld watches as General Richard B. Myers was sworn in as the 15th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, October 1, 2001." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011001-D-2987S-004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2970" data-file-height="1930" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld watches as General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard B. Myers</a> was sworn in as the 15th <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, October 1, 2001.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with President George W. Bush, following President Bush's visit to The Pentagon to address military and Department of Defense personnel and sign the Defense Appropriations Bill, January 10, 2002"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with President George W. Bush, following President Bush's visit to The Pentagon to address military and Department of Defense personnel and sign the Defense Appropriations Bill, January 10, 2002" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020110-D-2987S-170.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> George W. Bush, following President Bush's visit to <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> to address military and Department of Defense personnel and sign the Defense Appropriations Bill, January 10, 2002</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, President George W. Bush, Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers, and Vice Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General Peter Pace watch troops pass in review at Fort Myer, Virginia, on October 15, 2001."><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, President George W. Bush, Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers, and Vice Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff General Peter Pace watch troops pass in review at Fort Myer, Virginia, on October 15, 2001." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011015-D-9880W-174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="1960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard B. Myers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pace" title="Peter Pace">Peter Pace</a> watch troops pass in review at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Myer" title="Fort Myer">Fort Myer, Virginia</a>, on October 15, 2001.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with troops at Bagram Air Base, December 2001"><img alt="U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with troops at Bagram Air Base, December 2001" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_011216-D-2987S-241.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="1960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with troops at <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagram Air Base">Bagram Air Base</a>, December 2001</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers during the annual Pentagon Town Hall meeting at The Pentagon auditorium"><img alt="Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Richard B. Myers during the annual Pentagon Town Hall meeting at The Pentagon auditorium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050629-D-9880W-076.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1967" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> Donald Rumsfeld with <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a> General <a href="/wiki/Richard_Myers" title="Richard Myers">Richard B. Myers</a> during the annual Pentagon Town Hall meeting at <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a> auditorium</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Secretary Rumsfeld during a visit to Buenos Aires, Argentina"><img alt="Secretary Rumsfeld during a visit to Buenos Aires, Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_050321-F-7203T-067.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="1772" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Secretary Rumsfeld during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during a visit to Bagram Air Force Base"><img alt="U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during a visit to Bagram Air Force Base" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_020427-D-9880W-126.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2995" data-file-height="1978" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during a visit to <a href="/wiki/Bagram_Airfield" title="Bagram Airfield">Bagram Air Force Base</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rumsfeld with UK Secretary of State for Defence Geoffrey Hoon"><img alt="Rumsfeld with UK Secretary of State for Defence Geoffrey Hoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg/200px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg/300px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg/400px-Defense.gov_News_Photo_040107-D-9880W-003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1958" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rumsfeld with UK <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Geoffrey Hoon</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Works">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld,_Donald1998" class="citation web cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/strategic-imperatives-east-asia">"Strategic Imperatives in East Asia"</a>. Heritage lectures, no. 605. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategic+Imperatives+in+East+Asia&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Heritage+lectures%2C+no.+605&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Rumsfeld%2C+Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fasia%2Freport%2Fstrategic-imperatives-east-asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> Speech given March 3, 1998, in Washington, D.C.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld2011" class="citation book cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (2011). <a href="/wiki/Known_and_Unknown:_A_Memoir" title="Known and Unknown: A Memoir">Known and Unknown: A Memoir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(publisher)" title="Sentinel (publisher)">Sentinel</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-067-6"><bdi>978-1-59523-067-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Known+and+Unknown%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=Sentinel&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59523-067-6&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld,_Donald2013" class="citation book cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (2013). Rumsfeld's Rules. <a href="/wiki/Broadside_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadside Books">Broadside Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062272867" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062272867"><bdi>978-0062272867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%27s+Rules&rft.pub=Broadside+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0062272867&rft.au=Rumsfeld%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld2018" class="citation book cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (2018). When the Center Held: Gerald Ford and the Rescue of the American Presidency. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1501172939" title="Special:BookSources/978-1501172939"><bdi>978-1501172939</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+the+Center+Held%3A+Gerald+Ford+and+the+Rescue+of+the+American+Presidency&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1501172939&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathidium#Selected_species" title="Agathidium">Agathidium rumsfeldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allard_K._Lowenstein#Associations_with_conservatives" title="Allard K. Lowenstein">Early association with liberal activist Allard Lowenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_are_known_knowns" class="mw-redirect" title="There are known knowns">There are known knowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsfeld_Doctrine" title="Rumsfeld Doctrine">Rumsfeld Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Known_and_Unknown:_A_Memoir" title="Known and Unknown: A Memoir">Known and Unknown: A Memoir</a> by Donald Rumsfeld (2011)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Historical_Office_Rumsfeld_Bush_Administration-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Office_Rumsfeld_Bush_Administration_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Office_Rumsfeld_Bush_Administration_1-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571280/donald-h-rumsfeld/">"Donald H. Rumsfeld – George W. Bush Administration"</a>. Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112533/https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571280/donald-h-rumsfeld/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld+%E2%80%93+George+W.+Bush+Administration&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense+%E2%80%93+Historical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2FMultimedia%2FBiographies%2FArticle-View%2FArticle%2F571280%2Fdonald-h-rumsfeld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571288/donald-h-rumsfeld/">"Donald H. Rumsfeld – Gerald Ford Administration"</a>. Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112534/https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571288/donald-h-rumsfeld/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld+%E2%80%93+Gerald+Ford+Administration&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense+%E2%80%93+Historical+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2FMultimedia%2FBiographies%2FArticle-View%2FArticle%2F571288%2Fdonald-h-rumsfeld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronkGaramone2021" class="citation web cs1">Cronk, Terri Moon; Garamone, Jim (June 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2678350/rumsfeld-was-nations-youngest-oldest-defense-secretary/">"Rumsfeld Was Nation's Youngest, Oldest Defense Secretary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702043712/https://www.defense.gov/Explore/News/Article/Article/2678350/rumsfeld-was-nations-youngest-oldest-defense-secretary/">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Was+Nation%27s+Youngest%2C+Oldest+Defense+Secretary&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=Cronk&rft.aufirst=Terri+Moon&rft.au=Garamone%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FExplore%2FNews%2FArticle%2FArticle%2F2678350%2Frumsfeld-was-nations-youngest-oldest-defense-secretary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frontline_who_said-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frontline_who_said_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frontline_who_said_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/truth/why/said.html">"Truth, War And Consequences: Why War? – In Their Own Words – Who Said What When"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Frontline_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline (U.S. TV program)">Frontline</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528111319/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/truth/why/said.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Truth%2C+War+And+Consequences%3A+Why+War%3F+%E2%80%93+In+Their+Own+Words+%E2%80%93+Who+Said+What+When&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Ftruth%2Fwhy%2Fsaid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FactCheck_2005-09-02-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FactCheck_2005-09-02_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FactCheck_2005-09-02_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2005" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Brooks (September 2, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2005/09/anti-war-ad-says-bush-cheney-rumsfeld/">"Anti-war Ad Says Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld & Rice "Lied" About Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729230849/https://www.factcheck.org/2005/09/anti-war-ad-says-bush-cheney-rumsfeld/">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=Anti-war+Ad+Says+Bush%2C+Cheney%2C+Rumsfeld+%26+Rice+%22Lied%22+About+Iraq&rft.date=2005-09-02&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Brooks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2005%2F09%2Fanti-war-ad-says-bush-cheney-rumsfeld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McClatchy_2007-02-07-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McClatchy_2007-02-07_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClatchy_2007-02-07_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanday2007" class="citation news cs1">Landay, Jonathan S. (February 8, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/special-reports/iraq-intelligence/article24461020.html">"Pentagon office produced 'alternative' intelligence on Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/McClatchy" title="McClatchy">McClatchy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521220947/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/special-reports/iraq-intelligence/article24461020.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=McClatchy&rft.atitle=Pentagon+office+produced+%27alternative%27+intelligence+on+Iraq&rft.date=2007-02-08&rft.aulast=Landay&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fnews%2Fspecial-reports%2Firaq-intelligence%2Farticle24461020.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanker2005" class="citation news cs1">Shanker, Thom (February 4, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/04/politics/rumsfeld-says-he-offered-to-quit.html">"Rumsfeld Says He Offered to Quit"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613211110/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/04/politics/rumsfeld-says-he-offered-to-quit.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Says+He+Offered+to+Quit&rft.date=2005-02-04&rft.aulast=Shanker&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F02%2F04%2Fpolitics%2Frumsfeld-says-he-offered-to-quit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld1946" class="citation web cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (January 11, 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.rumsfeld.com/doclib/sp/83/1946-01-11%20Autobiography%20%28II-304%29.pdf">"My autobiography"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116131344/http://library.rumsfeld.com/doclib/sp/83/1946-01-11%20Autobiography%20%28II-304%29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+autobiography&rft.date=1946-01-11&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.rumsfeld.com%2Fdoclib%2Fsp%2F83%2F1946-01-11%2520Autobiography%2520%2528II-304%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Rumsfeld">"Donald Rumsfeld | Biography & Facts"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201018104841/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Donald-Rumsfeld">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+%26%23124%3B+Biography+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FDonald-Rumsfeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316195127/http://www.germany.travel/en/ms/german-originality/heritage/famous-people/politics/donald-henry-rumsfeld-politician.html">"Donald Henry Rumsfeld"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germany.travel/en/ms/german-originality/heritage/famous-people/politics/donald-henry-rumsfeld-politician.html">the original</a> on March 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Donald+Henry+Rumsfeld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.germany.travel%2Fen%2Fms%2Fgerman-originality%2Fheritage%2Ffamous-people%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-henry-rumsfeld-politician.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-own_rules-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-own_rules_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-own_rules_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-own_rules_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-own_rules_11-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley_Graham2009" class="citation book cs1">Bradley Graham (2009). By His Own Rules: The Ambitions, Successes, and Ultimate Failures of Donald Rumsfeld. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-421-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-421-7"><bdi>978-1-58648-421-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+His+Own+Rules%3A+The+Ambitions%2C+Successes%2C+and+Ultimate+Failures+of+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-421-7&rft.au=Bradley+Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_C._Halter2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Jon C. Halter (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0609/a-chrt.html">"Speakers Highlight Scouting's Core Values"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Scouting_(magazine)" title="Scouting (magazine)">Scouting</a>. Vol. 94, no. 4. p. 35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070629125741/http://www.scoutingmagazine.org/issues/0609/a-chrt.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scouting&rft.atitle=Speakers+Highlight+Scouting%27s+Core+Values&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2006-09&rft.au=Jon+C.+Halter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscoutingmagazine.org%2Fissues%2F0609%2Fa-chrt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholas_G._Hahn_III2013" class="citation web cs1">Nicholas G. Hahn III (August 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realclearreligion.org/articles/2013/08/05/donald_rumsfelds_golden_rule.html">"Donald Rumsfeld's Golden Rule"</a>. Real Clear Religion. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806172610/http://www.realclearreligion.org/articles/2013/08/05/donald_rumsfelds_golden_rule.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%27s+Golden+Rule&rft.pub=Real+Clear+Religion&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.au=Nicholas+G.+Hahn+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearreligion.org%2Farticles%2F2013%2F08%2F05%2Fdonald_rumsfelds_golden_rule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarson" class="citation news cs1">Larson, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3771">"Radio Interview with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on KOGO Radio San Diego with Mark Larson"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KOGO_(AM)" title="KOGO (AM)">KOGO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302023659/http://www.defense.gov/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3771">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2019 – via defense.gov.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Radio+Interview+with+Defense+Secretary+Donald+Rumsfeld+on+KOGO+Radio+San+Diego+with+Mark+Larson&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D3771&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3119">"Secretary Rumsfeld's Remarks at the White House Conference on Cooperative Conservation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. August 29, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061002093420/http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/transcript.aspx?transcriptid=3119">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretary+Rumsfeld%27s+Remarks+at+the+White+House+Conference+on+Cooperative+Conservation&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2005-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D3119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Litlovers.com-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Litlovers.com_16-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litlovers.com/reading-guides/13-fiction/8453-know-and-unknown-rumsfeld?start=1">"Known and Unknown – Donald Rumsfeld – Author Biography"</a>. Litlovers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624202025/http://www.litlovers.com/reading-guides/13-fiction/8453-know-and-unknown-rumsfeld?start=1">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2017. Retrieved April 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Known+and+Unknown+%E2%80%93+Donald+Rumsfeld+%E2%80%93+Author+Biography&rft.pub=Litlovers.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.litlovers.com%2Freading-guides%2F13-fiction%2F8453-know-and-unknown-rumsfeld%3Fstart%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabermehl2007" class="citation web cs1">Habermehl, Kris (January 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420212959/http://cbs2chicago.com/local/New.Trier.High.2.334860.html">"Fire Breaks Out at Prestigious High School"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbs2chicago.com/local/New.Trier.High.2.334860.html">the original</a> on April 20, 2009. Retrieved June 28, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+Breaks+Out+at+Prestigious+High+School&rft.date=2007-01-25&rft.aulast=Habermehl&rft.aufirst=Kris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbs2chicago.com%2Flocal%2FNew.Trier.High.2.334860.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld" class="citation thesis cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp01n870zs64f">The Steel Seizure Case of 1952 and Its Effects on Presidential Powers</a> (Senior thesis). Princeton University Department of Politics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127113856/https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/dsp01n870zs64f">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Steel+Seizure+Case+of+1952+and+Its+Effects+on+Presidential+Powers&rft.degree=Senior&rft.inst=Princeton+University+Department+of+Politics&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.princeton.edu%2Fcatalog%2Fdsp01n870zs64f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013201712/http://libweb5.princeton.edu/theses/thesesid.asp?ID=31175">"Princeton University Senior Theses Full Record: Donald Henry Rumsfeld"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libweb5.princeton.edu/theses/thesesid.asp?ID=31175">the original</a> on October 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Princeton+University+Senior+Theses+Full+Record%3A+Donald+Henry+Rumsfeld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibweb5.princeton.edu%2Ftheses%2Fthesesid.asp%3FID%3D31175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Politico_Shenon" class="citation news cs1">Shenon, Philip (December 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/12/30/frank-carlucci-obituary-defense-secretary-223162/">"Frank Carlucci: The Shrewdly Low-Key Defense Secretary"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031120759/https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/12/30/frank-carlucci-obituary-defense-secretary-223162">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2021. <q>...Carlucci came to Washington and found himself in the company of old friends, including former Princeton roommate Donald Rumsfeld, Ford's White House chief of staff and later his defense secretary.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Frank+Carlucci%3A+The+Shrewdly+Low-Key+Defense+Secretary&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.aulast=Shenon&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2018%2F12%2F30%2Ffrank-carlucci-obituary-defense-secretary-223162%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills2021" class="citation web cs1">Mills, Curt (June 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/donald-rumsfeld-nixon-republican-turned-iraq-war-salesman-dead-at-88/">"Donald Rumsfeld, Nixon Republican Turned Iraq War Salesman, Dead At 88"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702130010/https://www.theamericanconservative.com/state-of-the-union/donald-rumsfeld-nixon-republican-turned-iraq-war-salesman-dead-at-88/">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Conservative&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%2C+Nixon+Republican+Turned+Iraq+War+Salesman%2C+Dead+At+88&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Curt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericanconservative.com%2Fstate-of-the-union%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-nixon-republican-turned-iraq-war-salesman-dead-at-88%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-airforcetimes.com-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-airforcetimes.com_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-airforcetimes.com_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722191209/http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/0-AIRPAPER-1610997.php">"Rumsfeld revealed: Secretary's Navy career spanned 35 years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Times" title="Air Force Times">Air Force Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/0-AIRPAPER-1610997.php">the original</a> on July 22, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Force+Times&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+revealed%3A+Secretary%27s+Navy+career+spanned+35+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcetimes.com%2Flegacy%2Fnew%2F0-AIRPAPER-1610997.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-defenselink1-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-defenselink1_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-defenselink1_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060707060729/http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/secdef_histories/bios/rumsfeld.htm">"DefenseLink's Rumsfeld Biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/specials/secdef_histories/bios/rumsfeld.htm">the original</a> on July 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DefenseLink%27s+Rumsfeld+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fspecials%2Fsecdef_histories%2Fbios%2Frumsfeld.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000508">"RUMSFELD, Donald Henry"</a>. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. April 22, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070425194855/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000508">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=RUMSFELD%2C+Donald+Henry&rft.date=2007-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070516103109/http://quest.cjonline.com/stories/122900/gen_1229007572.shtml">"Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quest.cjonline.com/stories/122900/gen_1229007572.shtml">the original</a> on May 16, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquest.cjonline.com%2Fstories%2F122900%2Fgen_1229007572.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/rumsfeld-bio.html">"Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601094302/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/rumsfeld-bio.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2008. Retrieved April 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fgovernment%2Frumsfeld-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715153231/http://www.ford.utexas.edu/LIBRARY/exhibits/cabinet/rumsfeld.htm">"Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. White House. November 3, 1975. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ford.utexas.edu/LIBRARY/exhibits/cabinet/rumsfeld.htm">the original</a> on July 15, 2007. Retrieved April 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=White+House&rft.date=1975-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ford.utexas.edu%2FLIBRARY%2Fexhibits%2Fcabinet%2Frumsfeld.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB194/index.htm">"Freedom of Information Act at 40"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a>. July 4, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060704180357/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB194/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Freedom+of+Information+Act+at+40&rft.pub=National+Security+Archive&rft.date=2006-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsarchive2.gwu.edu%2F%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB194%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rumsfeld-2011-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rumsfeld-2011_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rumsfeld-2011_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rumsfeld-2011_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rumsfeld-2011_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld2011" class="citation book cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/650210649">Known and unknown : a memoir</a>. New York: Sentinel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-067-6"><bdi>978-1-59523-067-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/650210649">650210649</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630202659/https://www.worldcat.org/title/known-and-unknown-a-memoir/oclc/650210649">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved March 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Known+and+unknown+%3A+a+memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sentinel&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F650210649&rft.isbn=978-1-59523-067-6&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F650210649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060824220033/http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=216">"Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld speaking at Tribute to Milton Friedman (transcript)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=216">the original</a> on August 24, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretary+of+Defense+Donald+H.+Rumsfeld+speaking+at+Tribute+to+Milton+Friedman+%28transcript%29&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fspeeches%2Fspeech.aspx%3Fspeechid%3D216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freetochoosenetwork.org/programs/free_to_choose/index_80.php?id=the_tyranny_of_control">"Free to Choose: Tyranny of Control"</a>. Free to Choose Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130506043939/http://www.freetochoose.tv/program.php?id=ftc1980_2&series=ftc80">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Free+to+Choose%3A+Tyranny+of+Control&rft.pub=Free+to+Choose+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freetochoosenetwork.org%2Fprograms%2Ffree_to_choose%2Findex_80.php%3Fid%3Dthe_tyranny_of_control&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt2/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt2-10-2.pdf">"House – February 10, 1964"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 110 (2). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 2804–2805. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+February+10%2C+1964&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2804-2805&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1964-pt2%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1964-pt2-10-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt12-4-2.pdf">"House – July 2, 1964"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 110 (12). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 15897. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+July+2%2C+1964&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=15897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1964-pt12%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1964-pt12-4-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt17-5-1.pdf">"House – August 16, 1967"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 113 (17). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 22778. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+August+16%2C+1967&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=22778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1967-pt17%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1967-pt17-5-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt8-1-2.pdf">"House – April 10, 1968"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 114 (8). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 9621. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+April+10%2C+1968&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=9621&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1968-pt8%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1968-pt8-1-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt12-3-2.pdf">"House – July 9, 1965"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 111 (12). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 16285–16286. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+July+9%2C+1965&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=16285-16286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1965-pt12%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1965-pt12-3-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14-5-2.pdf">"House – August 3, 1965"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a>. 111 (14). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">U.S. Government Printing Office</a>: 19201. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congressional+Record&rft.atitle=House+%E2%80%93+August+3%2C+1965&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=19201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FGPO-CRECB-1965-pt14%2Fpdf%2FGPO-CRECB-1965-pt14-5-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mann20031101-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mann20031101_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mann20031101_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2003" class="citation journal cs1">Mann, James (November 1, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/11/close-up-young-rumsfeld/302824/">"Close-Up: Young Rumsfeld"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702072016/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2003/11/close-up-young-rumsfeld/302824/">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021. <q>Two Republican governors had turned down Nixon's invitations to head the Office of Economic Opportunity, an agency established during the Johnson Administration to run new programs aimed at eliminating poverty. Nixon offered the job to Rumsfeld, who had voted in Congress against many of those programs. ... Before taking the job Rumsfeld bargained hard. At a meeting with Nixon in Key Biscayne, he won assurances that he would be named not only head of the anti-poverty agency but also an assistant to the President, with Cabinet-level status and an office in the White House.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Close-Up%3A+Young+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2003%2F11%2Fclose-up-young-rumsfeld%2F302824%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-memoir-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_39-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_39-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-memoir_39-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld2011" class="citation book cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald (2011). <a href="/wiki/Known_and_Unknown:_A_Memoir" title="Known and Unknown: A Memoir">Known and Unknown: A Memoir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(publisher)" title="Sentinel (publisher)">Sentinel</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-067-6"><bdi>978-1-59523-067-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Known+and+Unknown%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=Sentinel&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59523-067-6&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,900793,00.html">"The Administration: The New OEO Fan"</a>. Time. May 2, 1969. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210705091755/https://cdn.optimizely.com/js/230919112.js">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021. <q>Rumsfeld had refused an administration post at first but changed his mind when Nixon sweetened the OEO job with status and responsibility.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Administration%3A+The+New+OEO+Fan&rft.date=1969-05-02&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C900793%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-04/frank-carlucci-carlyle-chairman-who-led-pentagon-dies-at-87">"Frank Carlucci, Carlyle Chairman Who Led Pentagon, Dies at 87"</a>. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg. June 4, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180604194726/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-04/frank-carlucci-carlyle-chairman-who-led-pentagon-dies-at-87">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2018. Retrieved June 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Frank+Carlucci%2C+Carlyle+Chairman+Who+Led+Pentagon%2C+Dies+at+87&rft.date=2018-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-06-04%2Ffrank-carlucci-carlyle-chairman-who-led-pentagon-dies-at-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/VP_Richard_Cheney.htm">"Richard B. Cheney, 46th Vice President (2001–2009)"</a>. www.senate.gov. U.S. Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319090820/https://www.senate.gov/about/officers-staff/vice-president/VP_Richard_Cheney.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021. <q>...the inauguration of Richard Nixon as president in 1969 set in motion a chain of events that would propel Cheney from a congressional fellow to White House chief of staff in seven fast years. His rapid ascent began when Nixon appointed Rumsfeld to head the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO). Cheney sent Rumsfeld an unsolicited memo suggesting ways to handle his confirmation hearings, which prompted Rumsfeld to hire him. ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Richard+B.+Cheney%2C+46th+Vice+President+%282001%E2%80%932009%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fabout%2Fofficers-staff%2Fvice-president%2FVP_Richard_Cheney.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO’Gara2015" class="citation web cs1">O’Gara, Geoffrey (October 31, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/wyoming-white-house-dick-cheneys-life-politics">"Wyoming to the White House: Dick Cheney's Life in Politics"</a>. WyoHistory.org. The Wyoming State Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411202805/https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/wyoming-white-house-dick-cheneys-life-politics">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021. <q>...It was during Rumsfeld's first stint in the executive branch, under Nixon, that he signed up Cheney as his chief lieutenant. This incongruously put two conservative Republicans in charge first of an anti-poverty program originated during President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society (the OEO), and ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WyoHistory.org&rft.atitle=Wyoming+to+the+White+House%3A+Dick+Cheney%27s+Life+in+Politics&rft.date=2015-10-31&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Gara&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wyohistory.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fwyoming-white-house-dick-cheneys-life-politics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2005" class="citation news cs1">Sullivan, Patricia (December 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2005/12/18/investigative-columnist-jack-anderson-dies/9892c24e-0210-4079-a2dc-9c6fe686ede1/">"Investigative Columnist Jack Anderson Dies"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112043027/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2005/12/18/investigative-columnist-jack-anderson-dies/9892c24e-0210-4079-a2dc-9c6fe686ede1/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2021. <q>...Mr. Anderson was considered significantly more accurate than his predecessor, although he was not error-free. He admitted he wrongly charged Donald H. Rumsfeld with lavishly decorating his office while cutting expenses on programs of the Office of Economic Opportunity....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Investigative+Columnist+Jack+Anderson+Dies&rft.date=2005-12-18&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flocal%2F2005%2F12%2F18%2Finvestigative-columnist-jack-anderson-dies%2F9892c24e-0210-4079-a2dc-9c6fe686ede1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtz2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Kurtz" title="Howard Kurtz">Kurtz, Howard</a> (February 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/rumsfeld-book-known-and-unknown-excerpts">"Rumsfeld Book Known and Unknown: Excerpts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706143556/https://www.thedailybeast.com/rumsfeld-book-known-and-unknown-excerpts">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Book+Known+and+Unknown%3A+Excerpts&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Frumsfeld-book-known-and-unknown-excerpts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124003134/http://tapes.millercenter.virginia.edu/clips/rmn_rumsfeld.html">"Nixon White House conversation 464-12"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tapes.millercenter.virginia.edu/clips/rmn_rumsfeld.html">the original</a> on January 24, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nixon+White+House+conversation+464-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftapes.millercenter.virginia.edu%2Fclips%2Frmn_rumsfeld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Cockburn2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cockburn" title="Andrew Cockburn">Andrew Cockburn</a> (2007). Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy. Simon and Schuster. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%3A+His+Rise%2C+Fall%2C+and+Catastrophic+Legacy&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Andrew+Cockburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Unger2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Unger" title="Craig Unger">Craig Unger</a> (2007). The Fall of the House of Bush: The Untold Story of how a Band of True Believers Seized the Executive Branch, Started the Iraq War, and Still Imperils America's Future. Simon and Schuster. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+of+the+House+of+Bush%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+how+a+Band+of+True+Believers+Seized+the+Executive+Branch%2C+Started+the+Iraq+War%2C+and+Still+Imperils+America%27s+Future&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Craig+Unger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig_Unger2008" class="citation book cs1">Craig Unger (2008). American Armageddon: How the Delusions of the Neoconservatives and the Christian Right Triggered the Descent of America – and Still Imperil Our Future. Simon and Schuster. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Armageddon%3A+How+the+Delusions+of+the+Neoconservatives+and+the+Christian+Right+Triggered+the+Descent+of+America+%E2%80%93+and+Still+Imperil+Our+Future&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Craig+Unger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaomi_Klein2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Klein" title="Naomi Klein">Naomi Klein</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/The_Shock_Doctrine:_The_Rise_of_Disaster_Capitalism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism">The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_(publisher)" title="Henry Holt (publisher)">Henry Holt</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shock+Doctrine%3A+The+Rise+of+Disaster+Capitalism&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books%2FHenry+Holt&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Naomi+Klein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Savage_(author)" title="Charlie Savage (author)">Savage, Charlie</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oU-3IBqRH2kC">Takeover: The Return of the Imperial Presidency and the Subversion of American Democracy</a>. Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780316019613" title="Special:BookSources/9780316019613"><bdi>9780316019613</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706143547/https://books.google.com/books?id=oU-3IBqRH2kC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Takeover%3A+The+Return+of+the+Imperial+Presidency+and+the+Subversion+of+American+Democracy&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780316019613&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoU-3IBqRH2kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571280/donald-h-rumsfeld/">"Donald H. Rumsfeld"</a>. Office of the Secretary of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112533/https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571280/donald-h-rumsfeld/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense&rft.atitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2FMultimedia%2FBiographies%2FArticle-View%2FArticle%2F571280%2Fdonald-h-rumsfeld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,917908,00.html">"The Nation: Scenario of the Shake-Up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Magazine">Time</a>. Vol. 106, no. 20. New York: Time. November 17, 1975. Retrieved July 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Nation%3A+Scenario+of+the+Shake-Up&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=20&rft.date=1975-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C917908%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodward2002" class="citation book cs1">Woodward, Bob (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bushatwar00wood">Bush at War</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bushatwar00wood/page/21">21</a>–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4461-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4461-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-4461-9</bdi></a>. <q>rumsfeld ford bush cia director.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bush+at+War&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4461-9&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbushatwar00wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2678350/rumsfeld-was-nations-youngest-oldest-defense-secretary/">"Rumsfeld Was Nation"</a>. U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Defense&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Was+Nation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNews%2FNews-Stories%2FArticle%2FArticle%2F2678350%2Frumsfeld-was-nations-youngest-oldest-defense-secretary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTInfighter-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTInfighter_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTInfighter_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSciolinoSchmitt2001" class="citation news cs1">Sciolino, Elaine; Schmitt, Eric (January 8, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/08/us/defense-choice-made-a-name-as-an-infighter.html">"Defense Choice Made a Name As an Infighter"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714182443/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/08/us/defense-choice-made-a-name-as-an-infighter.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Defense+Choice+Made+a+Name+As+an+Infighter&rft.date=2001-01-08&rft.aulast=Sciolino&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F01%2F08%2Fus%2Fdefense-choice-made-a-name-as-an-infighter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSidney_Blumenthal" class="citation news cs1">Sidney Blumenthal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/18668.html">"The Long March of Dick Cheney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">HNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051217110948/http://hnn.us/articles/18668.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Long+March+of+Dick+Cheney&rft.au=Sidney+Blumenthal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhnn.us%2Farticles%2F18668.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.defense.gov/DOD-History/Deputy-Secretaries-of-Defense/Article-View/Article/585216/">"Robert F. Ellsworth"</a>. Historical Office. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Office&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Ellsworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2FDOD-History%2FDeputy-Secretaries-of-Defense%2FArticle-View%2FArticle%2F585216%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571288/">"Donald H. Rumsfeld"</a>. Historical Office. Retrieved September 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Office&rft.atitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2FMultimedia%2FBiographies%2FArticle-View%2FArticle%2F571288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRearden2012" class="citation book cs1">Rearden, Steven L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/867144095">Council of war : a history of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1942–1991</a>. Washington, D.C.: NDU Press for the Joint History Office, Office of the Director, Joint Staff, Joint Chiefs of Staff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78039-886-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78039-886-0"><bdi>978-1-78039-886-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/867144095">867144095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Council+of+war+%3A+a+history+of+the+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff%2C+1942%E2%80%931991&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=NDU+Press+for+the+Joint+History+Office%2C+Office+of+the+Director%2C+Joint+Staff%2C+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F867144095&rft.isbn=978-1-78039-886-0&rft.aulast=Rearden&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F867144095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2003" class="citation web cs1">Mann, James (October 8, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2003/11/rumsfelds-roots/378570/">"Rumsfeld's Roots"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709025136/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200310u/int2003-10-08">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%27s+Roots&rft.date=2003-10-08&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2003%2F11%2Frumsfelds-roots%2F378570%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn2007" class="citation book cs1">Cockburn, Andrew (February 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lN9uIMjTyi4C">Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4652-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4652-8"><bdi>978-1-4165-4652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%3A+His+Rise%2C+Fall%2C+and+Catastrophic+Legacy&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-4652-8&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlN9uIMjTyi4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenhouse1985" class="citation news cs1">Greenhouse, Steven (July 19, 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/19/business/monsanto-to-acquire-g-d-searle.html">"MONSANTO TO ACQUIRE G. D. SEARLE"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171126033525/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/19/business/monsanto-to-acquire-g-d-searle.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MONSANTO+TO+ACQUIRE+G.+D.+SEARLE&rft.date=1985-07-19&rft.aulast=Greenhouse&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F07%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fmonsanto-to-acquire-g-d-searle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindenauer2000" class="citation news cs1">Lindenauer, Andrew (December 28, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-rumsfeld-resume/">"The Rumsfeld Resume"</a>. CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122040506/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-rumsfeld-resume/">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Rumsfeld+Resume&rft.date=2000-12-28&rft.aulast=Lindenauer&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-rumsfeld-resume%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._McFadden" title="Robert D. McFadden">McFadden, Robert D.</a> (June 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/us/politics/donald-rumsfeld-dead.html">"Donald H. Rumsfeld, Defense Secretary During Iraq War, Is Dead at 88"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630194022/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/us/politics/donald-rumsfeld-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld%2C+Defense+Secretary+During+Iraq+War%2C+Is+Dead+at+88&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F06%2F30%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070619044137/http://www.gilead.com/wt/sec/pr_933190157/">"Donald H. Rumsfeld Named Chairman of Gilead Sciences"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sciences" title="Gilead Sciences">Gilead Sciences</a>. January 3, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gilead.com/wt/sec/pr_933190157/">the original</a> on June 19, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld+Named+Chairman+of+Gilead+Sciences&rft.pub=Gilead+Sciences&rft.date=1997-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gilead.com%2Fwt%2Fsec%2Fpr_933190157%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/oseltamivir-phosphate.html">"Oseltamivir Phosphate Monograph for Professionals"</a>. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513062957/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/oseltamivir-phosphate.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2016. Retrieved January 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oseltamivir+Phosphate+Monograph+for+Professionals&rft.pub=The+American+Society+of+Health-System+Pharmacists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fmonograph%2Foseltamivir-phosphate.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmit2005" class="citation news cs1">Schmit, Julie (November 17, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-11-16-tamiflu-usat_x.htm">"Roche, Gilead Sciences resolve Tamiflu conflict"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121104005327/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-11-16-tamiflu-usat_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Roche%2C+Gilead+Sciences+resolve+Tamiflu+conflict&rft.date=2005-11-17&rft.aulast=Schmit&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth%2F2005-11-16-tamiflu-usat_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2005" class="citation news cs1">Schwartz, Nelson D. (October 31, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2005/10/31/news/newsmakers/fortune_rumsfeld/">"Rumsfeld's growing stake in Tamiflu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNNMoney" class="mw-redirect" title="CNNMoney">CNNMoney</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100314083340/https://money.cnn.com/2005/10/31/news/newsmakers/fortune_rumsfeld/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%27s+growing+stake+in+Tamiflu&rft.date=2005-10-31&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Nelson+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2005%2F10%2F31%2Fnews%2Fnewsmakers%2Ffortune_rumsfeld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/20/weekinreview/major-news-in-summary-turkish-cypriots-make-the-break.html">"MAJOR NEWS IN SUMMARY; TURKISH CYPRIOTS MAKE THE BREAK"</a>. The New York Times. November 20, 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524142235/http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/20/weekinreview/major-news-in-summary-turkish-cypriots-make-the-break.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved July 4, 2021. <q>President Reagan sent his new Middle East envoy, Donald Rumsfeld, to confer with the Turks and prepared to receive President Spyros Kyprianou of Cyprus tomorrow.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=MAJOR+NEWS+IN+SUMMARY%3B+TURKISH+CYPRIOTS+MAKE+THE+BREAK&rft.date=1983-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F11%2F20%2Fweekinreview%2Fmajor-news-in-summary-turkish-cypriots-make-the-break.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobbs2002" class="citation news cs1">Dobbs, Michael (December 30, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/12/30/us-had-key-role-in-iraq-buildup/133cec74-3816-4652-9bd8-7d118699d6f8/">"U.S. Had Key Role in Iraq Buildup"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Retrieved May 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+Had+Key+Role+in+Iraq+Buildup&rft.date=2002-12-30&rft.aulast=Dobbs&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2002%2F12%2F30%2Fus-had-key-role-in-iraq-buildup%2F133cec74-3816-4652-9bd8-7d118699d6f8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsfeld1998" class="citation web cs1">Rumsfeld, Donald; et al. (July 15, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fas.org/irp/threat/missile/rumsfeld/">"Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522090854/https://fas.org/irp/threat/missile/rumsfeld/">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Commission+to+Assess+the+Ballistic+Missile+Threat+to+the+United+States&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.date=1998-07-15&rft.aulast=Rumsfeld&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Firp%2Fthreat%2Fmissile%2Frumsfeld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/4000/rumsfeld-picked-as-us-defense-secretary-(dec.-29).html">"Bush Selects Rumsfeld for Another Term as Secretary of Defense – Both Men Stress Importance of Missile Defense System"</a>. www.defense-aerospace.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125222835/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/4000/rumsfeld-picked-as-us-defense-secretary-(dec.-29).html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defense-aerospace.com&rft.atitle=Bush+Selects+Rumsfeld+for+Another+Term+as+Secretary+of+Defense+%E2%80%93+Both+Men+Stress+Importance+of+Missile+Defense+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense-aerospace.com%2Farticles-view%2Frelease%2F3%2F4000%2Frumsfeld-picked-as-us-defense-secretary-%28dec.-29%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Rummy's North Korea Connection; What did Donald Rumsfeld know about ABB's deal to build nuclear reactors there? And why won't he talk about it?". Fortune. May 12, 2003. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Rummy%27s+North+Korea+Connection%3B+What+did+Donald+Rumsfeld+know+about+ABB%27s+deal+to+build+nuclear+reactors+there%3F+And+why+won%27t+he+talk+about+it%3F&rft.pages=75&rft.date=2003-05-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.globalpolicy.org/security/sanction/nkorea/2003/0224nuclear.htm">"Rumsfeld Was on ABB Board"</a>. archive.globalpolicy.org. Retrieved November 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.globalpolicy.org&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Was+on+ABB+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.globalpolicy.org%2Fsecurity%2Fsanction%2Fnkorea%2F2003%2F0224nuclear.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/how-rumsfeld-built-pyongyang-its-nukes-247410/">"How Rumsfeld Built Pyongyang Its Nukes"</a>. Rolling Stone. October 11, 2006. Retrieved November 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=How+Rumsfeld+Built+Pyongyang+Its+Nukes&rft.date=2006-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Fhow-rumsfeld-built-pyongyang-its-nukes-247410%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/122616318">"Tally on Vice President"</a>. The New York Times. September 20, 1976. p. 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/122616318">122616318</a>. Retrieved September 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tally+on+Vice+President&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1976-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F122616318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilton1980" class="citation book cs1">Milton, Raleigh E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_republican-national-convention-proceedings_july-14-17-1980/page/492/mode/2up?view=theater&q=rumsfeld">Official Report of the Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Republican National Convention</a>. Republican National Committee. pp. 492–494.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Report+of+the+Proceedings+of+the+Thirty-Second+Republican+National+Convention&rft.pages=492-494&rft.pub=Republican+National+Committee&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Milton&rft.aufirst=Raleigh+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_republican-national-convention-proceedings_july-14-17-1980%2Fpage%2F492%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater%26q%3Drumsfeld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOreskes1988" class="citation news cs1">Oreskes, Michael (November 21, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/21/us/campaign-s-over-no-it-just-started.html">"Campaign's Over? No, It Just Started"</a>. The New York Times. pp. B17. Retrieved September 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Campaign%27s+Over%3F+No%2C+It+Just+Started&rft.pages=B17&rft.date=1988-11-21&rft.aulast=Oreskes&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F11%2F21%2Fus%2Fcampaign-s-over-no-it-just-started.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmericaLive2010" class="citation web cs1">AmericaLive (November 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528031323/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-521030">"Donald Rumsfeld Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IReport" title="IReport">iReport</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-521030">the original</a> on May 28, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iReport&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+Biography&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.au=AmericaLive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fireport.cnn.com%2Fdocs%2FDOC-521030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge_W._Bush201083–84-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge_W._Bush201083–84_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGeorge_W._Bush2010">George W. Bush 2010</a>, pp. 83–84. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoniz,_Dave2002" class="citation news cs1">Moniz, Dave (December 9, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2002-12-09-1a-cover_x.htm">"Rumsfeld's abrasive style sparks conflict"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127204516/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2002-12-09-1a-cover_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2012. Retrieved November 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%27s+abrasive+style+sparks+conflict&rft.date=2002-12-09&rft.au=Moniz%2C+Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2002-12-09-1a-cover_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Defense_University_Press-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Defense_University_Press_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Defense_University_Press_83-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Defense_University_Press_83-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Defense_University_Press_83-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Defense_University_Press_83-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/Books/lessons-encountered/lessons-encountered_Ch1.pdf?ver=2015-09-29-125128-023.">"Initial Planning and Execution in Afghanistan and Iraq By Joseph J. Collins"</a> (PDF). National Defense University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704104223/https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/Books/lessons-encountered/lessons-encountered_Ch1.pdf?ver=2015-09-29-125128-023.">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Initial+Planning+and+Execution+in+Afghanistan+and+Iraq+By+Joseph+J.+Collins&rft.pub=National+Defense+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fndupress.ndu.edu%2FPortals%2F68%2FDocuments%2FBooks%2Flessons-encountered%2Flessons-encountered_Ch1.pdf%3Fver%3D2015-09-29-125128-023.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-candor-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-candor_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-candor_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright,_Robert2002" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Robert (January 20, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/20/opinion/rumsfeld-s-moment.html">"Rumsfeld's Moment"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514141146/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/20/opinion/rumsfeld-s-moment.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%27s+Moment&rft.date=2002-01-20&rft.au=Wright%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F01%2F20%2Fopinion%2Frumsfeld-s-moment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2006" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Susan Taylor (October 11, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2006/10/11/books-lay-blame-with-general/">"Books lay blame with general"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706143549/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2006/10/11/books-lay-blame-with-general/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Books+lay+blame+with+general&rft.date=2006-10-11&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Susan+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F2006%2F10%2F11%2Fbooks-lay-blame-with-general%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShuster,_David2006" class="citation news cs1">Shuster, David (September 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14778963">"9/11 mystery: What was Flight 93's target?"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302105940/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/14778963">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=9%2F11+mystery%3A+What+was+Flight+93%27s+target%3F&rft.date=2006-09-12&rft.au=Shuster%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna14778963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.911commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf">The 9/11 Commission Report</a> (PDF) (Report). July 22, 2004. p. 326. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190623164504/https://911commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 23, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+9%2F11+Commission+Report&rft.pages=326&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.911commission.gov%2Freport%2F911Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1613">"DoD News Briefing on Pentagon Attack"</a>. United States Department of Defense. September 11, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729230343/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1613">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+on+Pentagon+Attack&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2001-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D1613&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2002" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Joel (September 4, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/plans-for-iraq-attack-began-on-9-11/">"Plans For Iraq Attack Began On 9/11"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927043007/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/09/04/september11/main520830.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Plans+For+Iraq+Attack+Began+On+9%2F11&rft.date=2002-09-04&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fplans-for-iraq-attack-began-on-9-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorger2006" class="citation news cs1">Borger, Julian (February 24, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/24/freedomofinformation.september11">"Blogger bares Rumsfeld's post 9/11 orders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090211113142/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/feb/24/freedomofinformation.september11">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Blogger+bares+Rumsfeld%27s+post+9%2F11+orders&rft.date=2006-02-24&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2006%2Ffeb%2F24%2Ffreedomofinformation.september11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKampfner2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kampfner" title="John Kampfner">Kampfner, John</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4xti2TmG6UC&pg=PA156">Blair's wars</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4829-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4829-7"><bdi>978-0-7432-4829-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801021731/https://books.google.com/books?id=U4xti2TmG6UC&pg=PA156">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blair%27s+wars&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4829-7&rft.aulast=Kampfner&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4xti2TmG6UC%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen2022" class="citation book cs1">Bergen, Peter L. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCSvzgEACAAJ">The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7053-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7053-0"><bdi>978-1-9821-7053-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Osama+Bin+Laden&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-7053-0&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Peter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUCSvzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hersh-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hersh_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hersh_93-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hersh" title="Seymour Hersh">Seymour M. Hersh</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/05/12/030512fa_fact">"Annals of National Security Selective Intelligence:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717100914/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/05/12/030512fa_fact">Archived</a> July 17, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Donald Rumsfeld Has His Own Special Sources. Are they reliable?" The New Yorker, May 12, 2003, accessed May 8, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/rumsfeld-wanted-to-bomb-iraq-after-911-65340.html">"Rumsfeld 'wanted to bomb Iraq' after 9/11"</a>. The Independent. March 21, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200711125049/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/rumsfeld-wanted-to-bomb-iraq-after-911-65340.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 11, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+%27wanted+to+bomb+Iraq%27+after+9%2F11&rft.date=2004-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Frumsfeld-wanted-to-bomb-iraq-after-911-65340.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen2022" class="citation book cs1">Bergen, Peter L. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=anp5EAAAQBAJ">The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7053-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7053-0"><bdi>978-1-9821-7053-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Osama+Bin+Laden&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-9821-7053-0&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=Peter+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Danp5EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tv.msnbc.com-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tv.msnbc.com_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tv.msnbc.com_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/building-momentum-regime-change-rumsfe">"'Building momentum for regime change': Rumsfeld's secret memos"</a>. February 27, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140313095516/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/building-momentum-regime-change-rumsfe">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Building+momentum+for+regime+change%27%3A+Rumsfeld%27s+secret+memos&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.com%2Fmsnbc%2Fbuilding-momentum-regime-change-rumsfe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armedforcesjournal.com/special-forces-and-horses/">"Special forces and horses"</a>. November 1, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224191818/http://armedforcesjournal.com/special-forces-and-horses/">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Special+forces+and+horses&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armedforcesjournal.com%2Fspecial-forces-and-horses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerman2011" class="citation web cs1">Zimmerman, Dwight Jon (September 16, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/operation-enduring-freedom-the-first-49-days-4/">"21st Century Horse Soldiers – Special Operations Forces and Operation Enduring Freedom"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210216194220/https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/operation-enduring-freedom-the-first-49-days-4/">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=21st+Century+Horse+Soldiers+%E2%80%93+Special+Operations+Forces+and+Operation+Enduring+Freedom&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Dwight+Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensemedianetwork.com%2Fstories%2Foperation-enduring-freedom-the-first-49-days-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_States_Department_of_Defense-2001-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_Defense-2001_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-United_States_Department_of_Defense-2001_99-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2011">"Rumsfeld and Myers Briefing on Enduring Freedom"</a>. United States Department of Defense. October 7, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704213028/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2011">Archived</a> from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld+and+Myers+Briefing+on+Enduring+Freedom&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2001-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/rumsfeldtext_102901.html">"Text: Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. The Washington Post. October 29, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021104072846/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/rumsfeldtext_102901.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2002. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Text%3A+Defense+Secretary+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2001-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnation%2Fspecials%2Fattacked%2Ftranscripts%2Frumsfeldtext_102901.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orlando_Sentinel-2001-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orlando_Sentinel-2001_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orlando_Sentinel-2001_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orlando_Sentinel-2001_101-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2001-11-17-0111170104-story.html">"U.S. Thinks Bomb Killed Bin Laden's Top Aide"</a>. Orlando Sentinel. November 17, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022190425/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2001-11-17-0111170104-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orlando+Sentinel&rft.atitle=U.S.+Thinks+Bomb+Killed+Bin+Laden%27s+Top+Aide&rft.date=2001-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orlandosentinel.com%2Fnews%2Fos-xpm-2001-11-17-0111170104-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/rumsfeldtext_111901.html">"Text:Pentagon Briefing with Secretary Rumsfeld"</a>. The Washington Post. November 19, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131222045045/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/specials/attacked/transcripts/rumsfeldtext_111901.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Text%3APentagon+Briefing+with+Secretary+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2001-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnation%2Fspecials%2Fattacked%2Ftranscripts%2Frumsfeldtext_111901.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-archive.defense.gov-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive.defense.gov_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive.defense.gov_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2444">"DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld"</a>. November 19, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705040502/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2444">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+%E2%80%93+Secretary+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2001-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=44350">"Rumsfeld Visits Afghanistan, Meets With U.S. Troops"</a>. United States Department of Defense. December 16, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930023822/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=44350">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld+Visits+Afghanistan%2C+Meets+With+U.S.+Troops&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2001-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D44350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usinfo.org/wf-archive/2002/020315/epf503.htm">"Transcript: Defense Department Briefing, March 15, 2002"</a>. March 15, 2002. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transcript%3A+Defense+Department+Briefing%2C+March+15%2C+2002&rft.date=2002-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fusinfo.org%2Fwf-archive%2F2002%2F020315%2Fepf503.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2562">"Secretary Rumsfeld Joint Media Availability with President Karzai"</a>. United States Department of Defense. May 1, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722114646/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2562">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretary+Rumsfeld+Joint+Media+Availability+with+President+Karzai&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gpo-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gpo_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112165907/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec6.pdf">"From Threat to Threat"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/sec6.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on January 12, 2012. Retrieved February 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Threat+to+Threat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpoaccess.gov%2F911%2Fpdf%2Fsec6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> (pp. 189–90, 211–214) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_BenjaminSteven_Simon2005" class="citation book cs1">Daniel Benjamin; Steven Simon (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nextattackfailur00benj/page/161">The Next Attack</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Times_Books" title="Times Books">Times Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nextattackfailur00benj/page/161">161</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7941-8"><bdi>978-0-8050-7941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Next+Attack&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-7941-8&rft.au=Daniel+Benjamin&rft.au=Steven+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnextattackfailur00benj%2Fpage%2F161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalkasian2021" class="citation book cs1">Malkasian, Carter (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VPQuEAAAQBAJ">The American War in Afghanistan: A History</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 131–132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-755077-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-755077-9"><bdi>978-0-19-755077-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+War+in+Afghanistan%3A+A+History&rft.pages=131-132&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-19-755077-9&rft.aulast=Malkasian&rft.aufirst=Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVPQuEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CPRT-111SPRT53709/html/CPRT-111SPRT53709.htm">"TORA BORA REVISITED: HOW WE FAILED TO GET BIN LADEN AND WHY IT MATTERS TODAY"</a>. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TORA+BORA+REVISITED%3A+HOW+WE+FAILED+TO+GET+BIN+LADEN+AND+WHY+IT+MATTERS+TODAY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govinfo.gov%2Fcontent%2Fpkg%2FCPRT-111SPRT53709%2Fhtml%2FCPRT-111SPRT53709.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Coll, Steve</a> (2019). Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. pp. 102–111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143132509" title="Special:BookSources/9780143132509"><bdi>9780143132509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directorate+S%3A+The+C.I.A.+and+America%27s+Secret+Wars+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan&rft.pages=102-111&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780143132509&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Coll, Steve</a> (2019). Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. pp. 125–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143132509" title="Special:BookSources/9780143132509"><bdi>9780143132509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directorate+S%3A+The+C.I.A.+and+America%27s+Secret+Wars+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan&rft.pages=125-127&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780143132509&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColl2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Coll" title="Steve Coll">Coll, Steve</a> (2019). Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>. pp. 134–135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780143132509" title="Special:BookSources/9780143132509"><bdi>9780143132509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directorate+S%3A+The+C.I.A.+and+America%27s+Secret+Wars+in+Afghanistan+and+Pakistan&rft.pages=134-135&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780143132509&rft.aulast=Coll&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2636">"Defense.gov News Transcript: DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers"</a>. United States Department of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160905184152/http://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2636">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defense.gov+News+Transcript%3A+DoD+News+Briefing+%E2%80%93+Secretary+Rumsfeld+and+Gen.+Myers&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2636&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2687403.stm">"Outrage at 'old Europe' remarks"</a>. BBC News. January 23, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421002430/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2687403.stm">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Outrage+at+%27old+Europe%27+remarks&rft.date=2003-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2687403.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inside-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inside_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inside_116-1">b</a> Id.Gordon, Michael R. and Bernard E. Trainor, Cobra II: The Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation of Iraq, 2006. Book excerpt from the Denver Post </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1957">"Secretary Rumsfeld Media Availability with Afghan President Karzai"</a>. United States Department of Defense. February 27, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722060147/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1957">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secretary+Rumsfeld+Media+Availability+with+Afghan+President+Karzai&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=29267">"Saddam's Days Numbered, Rumsfeld Says"</a>. United States Department of Defense. March 20, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730012601/https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=29267">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saddam%27s+Days+Numbered%2C+Rumsfeld+Says&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D29267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-rumsfeld-was-last-good-secretary-defense-188957">"Donald Rumsfeld Was the Last Good Secretary of Defense"</a>. June 30, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+Was+the+Last+Good+Secretary+of+Defense&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Ffeature%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-was-last-good-secretary-defense-188957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/30/international/worldspecial/comments-by-donald-rumsfeld-on-this-week.html">"Comments by Donald Rumsfeld on 'This Week'"</a>. The New York Times. March 30, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706211247/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/30/international/worldspecial/comments-by-donald-rumsfeld-on-this-week.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Comments+by+Donald+Rumsfeld+on+%27This+Week%27&rft.date=2003-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F03%2F30%2Finternational%2Fworldspecial%2Fcomments-by-donald-rumsfeld-on-this-week.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2339">"DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers"</a>. United States Department of Defense. April 9, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200723040329/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2339">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+%E2%80%93+Secretary+Rumsfeld+and+Gen.+Myers&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StuffHappens-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StuffHappens_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StuffHappens_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2367">"DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>. April 11, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211175226/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2367">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2020. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+%E2%80%93+Secretary+Rumsfeld+and+Gen.+Myers&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2894">"DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and Ambassador Bremer"</a>. United States Department of Defense. July 24, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200730013957/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2894">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+%E2%80%93+Secretary+Rumsfeld+and+Ambassador+Bremer&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D2894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=28678">"Photos of Hussein Brothers' Bodies Provide Proof to Iraqis"</a>. United States Department of Defense. July 24, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930015136/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=28678">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photos+of+Hussein+Brothers%27+Bodies+Provide+Proof+to+Iraqis&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2003-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D28678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/24/international/worldspecial/images-of-husseins-sons-met-with-joy-and.html">"Images of Hussein's Sons Met With Joy and Skepticism"</a>. The New York Times. July 24, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705051755/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/24/international/worldspecial/images-of-husseins-sons-met-with-joy-and.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Images+of+Hussein%27s+Sons+Met+With+Joy+and+Skepticism&rft.date=2003-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F07%2F24%2Finternational%2Fworldspecial%2Fimages-of-husseins-sons-met-with-joy-and.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristin_Adair2006" class="citation book cs1">Kristin Adair, ed. (January 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB177/">Rumsfeld's Roadmap to Propaganda</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Archive" title="National Security Archive">National Security Archive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060204214137/http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB177/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%27s+Roadmap+to+Propaganda&rft.pub=National+Security+Archive&rft.date=2006-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwu.edu%2F~nsarchiv%2FNSAEBB%2FNSAEBB177%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/exclusive-rumsfeld-on-saddam/">"Exclusive: Rumsfeld On Saddam"</a>. CBS News. December 14, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705045637/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/exclusive-rumsfeld-on-saddam/">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Rumsfeld+On+Saddam&rft.date=2003-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fexclusive-rumsfeld-on-saddam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FromDesk-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FromDesk_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FromDesk_128-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2007" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Robin (November 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/31/AR2007103103095.html?hpid=topnews">"From the Desk of Donald Rumsfeld ..."</a> The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130205210652/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/31/AR2007103103095.html?hpid=topnews">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=From+the+Desk+of+Donald+Rumsfeld+...&rft.date=2007-11-01&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F10%2F31%2FAR2007103103095.html%3Fhpid%3Dtopnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=26486">"Rumsfeld Arrives in Baghdad to Visit Troops, Meet with Leaders"</a>. United States Department of Defense. May 13, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930025222/http://archive.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=26486">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved July 5, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld+Arrives+in+Baghdad+to+Visit+Troops%2C+Meet+with+Leaders&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2004-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fnewsarticle.aspx%3Fid%3D26486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-09-25/us-troops-can-leave-before-iraq-peaceful-rumsfeld/557522">"US troops can leave before Iraq peaceful: Rumsfeld"</a>. Australia Broadcasting Corporation. September 24, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161027203642/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2004-09-25/us-troops-can-leave-before-iraq-peaceful-rumsfeld/557522">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2016. Retrieved April 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australia+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=US+troops+can+leave+before+Iraq+peaceful%3A+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2004-09-25%2Fus-troops-can-leave-before-iraq-peaceful-rumsfeld%2F557522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3692">"DoD News Briefing with Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. Peter Pace"</a>. United States Department of Defense. August 2, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722174527/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3692">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+with+Secretary+of+Defense+Donald+H.+Rumsfeld+and+Chairman+of+the+Joint+Chiefs+of+Staff+Gen.+Peter+Pace&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2006-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D3692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3772">"DoD News Briefing with Secretary Rumsfeld from the Pentagon"</a>. United States Department of Defense. October 26, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724142440/https://archive.defense.gov/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3772">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DoD+News+Briefing+with+Secretary+Rumsfeld+from+the+Pentagon&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2006-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.defense.gov%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript.aspx%3FTranscriptID%3D3772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102093658/http://www.foxnews.com/video2/player06.html?121406%2F121406_sr_rumsfeld&Special_Report&Final%20Interview&acc&Politics&-1&News&486&&&new">"Special Report with Brit Hume"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a>. December 14, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/video2/player06.html?121406/121406_sr_rumsfeld&Special_Report&Final%20Interview&acc&Politics&-1&News&486&&&new">the original</a> on November 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Special+Report+with+Brit+Hume&rft.date=2006-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fvideo2%2Fplayer06.html%3F121406%2F121406_sr_rumsfeld%26Special_Report%26Final%2520Interview%26acc%26Politics%26-1%26News%26486%26%26%26new&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumiller2007" class="citation news cs1">Bumiller, Elisabeth (October 13, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/glogin://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/13/us/13cnd-army.html&OQ=_rQ3D1Q26pagewantedQ3D1Q26hp&OP=1b367f6cQ2FAs5tAFLQ7EgQ20LLQ3EQ27AQ2744Q51A(4A(2A6gA(2Q7EHFQ5DJQ20dQ25chQ3Edo">"Blunt Talk About Iraq at Army School"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630202720/https://myaccount.nytimes.com/auth/enter-email?response_type=cookie&client_id=lgcl&redirect_uri=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.nytimes.com%252F2007%252F10%252F13%252Fus%252F13cnd-army.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Blunt+Talk+About+Iraq+at+Army+School&rft.date=2007-10-13&rft.aulast=Bumiller&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fglogin%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F13%2Fus%2F13cnd-army.html%26OQ%3D_rQ3D1Q26pagewantedQ3D1Q26hp%26OP%3D1b367f6cQ2FAs5tAFLQ7EgQ20LLQ3EQ27AQ2744Q51A%284A%282A6gA%282Q7EHFQ5DJQ20dQ25chQ3Edo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2007" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Boris (March 11, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071116052736/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml%3Bjsessionid%3DMCJYFVHYHCMGNQFIQMGSFGGAVCBQWIV0?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F11%2F02%2Fwgulf402.xml">"Rumsfeld 'kept up fear of terror attacks'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml;jsessionid=MCJYFVHYHCMGNQFIQMGSFGGAVCBQWIV0?xml=/news/2007/11/02/wgulf402.xml">the original</a> on November 16, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+%27kept+up+fear+of+terror+attacks%27&rft.date=2007-03-11&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Bjsessionid%3DMCJYFVHYHCMGNQFIQMGSFGGAVCBQWIV0%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F11%2F02%2Fwgulf402.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/18/rumsfeld-gq-iraq-bible-quotes-bush">Iraq war briefings headlined with biblical quotes, reports US magazine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200321064920/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/18/rumsfeld-gq-iraq-bible-quotes-bush">Archived</a> March 21, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Guardian </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_WattsTim_Shipman2007" class="citation news cs1">Robert Watts; Tim Shipman (September 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017092732/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F01%2Fwirq601.xml">"Gen Sir Mike Jackson's attack draws US ire"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/09/01/wirq601.xml">the original</a> on October 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Gen+Sir+Mike+Jackson%27s+attack+draws+US+ire&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.au=Robert+Watts&rft.au=Tim+Shipman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F09%2F01%2Fwirq601.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/news/rumsfeld-to-personally-sign-all-condolence-letters-1.27255">"Rumsfeld to personally sign all condolence letters"</a>. Stars and Stripes. December 17, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171021005411/https://www.stripes.com/news/rumsfeld-to-personally-sign-all-condolence-letters-1.27255">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+to+personally+sign+all+condolence+letters&rft.date=2004-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Frumsfeld-to-personally-sign-all-condolence-letters-1.27255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040511033734/http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/05/09/iraq.abuse.main.int/">"Rumsfeld 'the best'"</a>. CNN. May 9, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/05/09/iraq.abuse.main.int/">the original</a> on May 11, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+%27the+best%27&rft.date=2004-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2004%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F05%2F09%2Firaq.abuse.main.int%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Bush, George W. (2010), p. 88 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2004" class="citation news cs1">Diamond, John (June 23, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2004-06-22-rumsfeld-abuse-usat_x.htm">"Rumsfeld OK'd harsh treatment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401132056/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2004-06-22-rumsfeld-abuse-usat_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+OK%27d+harsh+treatment&rft.date=2004-06-23&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2004-06-22-rumsfeld-abuse-usat_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3966038,00.html">"Bush Should Face Prosecution, Says UN Representative"</a>. Deutsche Welle. January 21, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601094302/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0%2C%2C3966038%2C00.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bush+Should+Face+Prosecution%2C+Says+UN+Representative&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2009-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C3966038%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Goodman" title="Amy Goodman">Goodman, Amy</a> (April 25, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2005/4/25/getting_away_with_torture_human_rights">"Getting Away with Torture? Human Rights Watch Calls for Accountability into U.S. Abuse of Detainees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529145739/https://www.democracynow.org/2005/4/25/getting_away_with_torture_human_rights">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Getting+Away+with+Torture%3F+Human+Rights+Watch+Calls+for+Accountability+into+U.S.+Abuse+of+Detainees&rft.date=2005-04-25&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2F2005%2F4%2F25%2Fgetting_away_with_torture_human_rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmeulersvan_Niekirk2009" class="citation journal cs1">Smeulers, Alette; van Niekirk, Sander (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/2403096/215948.pdf">"Abu Ghraib and the War on Terror-A case against Donald Rumsfeld?"</a> (PDF). Crime, Law and Social Change. 51 (3–4): 327–349. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10611-008-9160-2">10.1007/s10611-008-9160-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0925-4994">0925-4994</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145710956">145710956</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2388266">2388266</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630202658/https://research.vu.nl/ws/files/2403096/215948.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crime%2C+Law+and+Social+Change&rft.atitle=Abu+Ghraib+and+the+War+on+Terror-A+case+against+Donald+Rumsfeld%3F&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=327-349&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0925-4994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145710956%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2388266%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10611-008-9160-2&rft.aulast=Smeulers&rft.aufirst=Alette&rft.au=van+Niekirk%2C+Sander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.vu.nl%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F2403096%2F215948.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA_Today-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_Today_145-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowers2005" class="citation news cs1">Bowers, Faye (March 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-03-01-CSM-torture_x.htm">"Lawsuit blames Rumsfeld for overseas torture"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316231714/http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-03-01-CSM-torture_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Lawsuit+blames+Rumsfeld+for+overseas+torture&rft.date=2005-03-01&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=Faye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fwashington%2F2005-03-01-CSM-torture_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2006" class="citation news cs1">Moss, Michael (December 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/18/world/middleeast/18justice.html">"Former U.S. Detainee in Iraq Recalls Torment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213025358/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/18/world/middleeast/18justice.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Former+U.S.+Detainee+in+Iraq+Recalls+Torment&rft.date=2006-12-18&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F12%2F18%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F18justice.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_G._Lee2011" class="citation news cs1">Patrick G. Lee (August 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2011/08/09/donald-rumsfeld-faces-another-torture-lawsuit/">"Donald Rumsfeld Faces Another Torture Lawsuit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709204920/https://blogs.wsj.com/law/2011/08/09/donald-rumsfeld-faces-another-torture-lawsuit/">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+Faces+Another+Torture+Lawsuit&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft.au=Patrick+G.+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Flaw%2F2011%2F08%2F09%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-faces-another-torture-lawsuit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/opinions/editorials/iraq-crimes-return-to-haunt-rumsfeld-1.849853">"Iraq crimes return to haunt Rumsfeld; Former US defence secretary can no longer deflect responsibility for abuse of detainees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a>. August 11, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811062230/http://gulfnews.com/opinions/editorials/iraq-crimes-return-to-haunt-rumsfeld-1.849853">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Iraq+crimes+return+to+haunt+Rumsfeld%3B+Former+US+defence+secretary+can+no+longer+deflect+responsibility+for+abuse+of+detainees&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fopinions%2Feditorials%2Firaq-crimes-return-to-haunt-rumsfeld-1.849853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2011/08/09/rumsfeld_must_face_torture_suit_appeals_court_says/">"Rumsfeld must face torture suit, appeals court says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a>. August 9, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510072825/http://articles.boston.com/2011-08-09/news/29868919_1_appeals-court-interrogation-techniques-torture">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+must+face+torture+suit%2C+appeals+court+says&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Farticles%2F2011%2F08%2F09%2Frumsfeld_must_face_torture_suit_appeals_court_says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApuzzo2007" class="citation news cs1">Apuzzo, Matt (March 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/27/AR2007032701338.html">"Judge Dismisses Lawsuit Against Rumsfeld"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170703051216/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/27/AR2007032701338.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Judge+Dismisses+Lawsuit+Against+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2007-03-28&rft.aulast=Apuzzo&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F03%2F27%2FAR2007032701338.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFroomkin2011" class="citation news cs1">Froomkin, Dan (January 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/13/attempt-to-reinstate-tort_n_808621.html">"Donald Rumsfeld Torture Lawsuit Fizzles, Again"</a>. HuffPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110117092206/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/13/attempt-to-reinstate-tort_n_808621.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+Torture+Lawsuit+Fizzles%2C+Again&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft.aulast=Froomkin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F01%2F13%2Fattempt-to-reinstate-tort_n_808621.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandler206" class="citation news cs1">Landler, Mark (November 14, 206). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/world/americas/14iht-rumsfeld.3532840.html">"Rumsfeld faces war crimes suit in Germany – Americas – International Herald Tribune"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505163249/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/14/world/americas/14iht-rumsfeld.3532840.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+faces+war+crimes+suit+in+Germany+%E2%80%93+Americas+%E2%80%93+International+Herald+Tribune&rft.date=206&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F11%2F14%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F14iht-rumsfeld.3532840.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Am_I_a_Torturer?_Mother_Jones-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Am_I_a_Torturer?_Mother_Jones_153-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2008/03/am-i-a-torturer.html">Am I a Torturer? (Mother Jones)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-When_Joseph_Comes_Marching_Home-154"><a href="#cite_ref-When_Joseph_Comes_Marching_Home_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32048-2004May16.html">"When Joseph Comes Marching Home"</a>. The Washington Post. May 17, 2004. Retrieved May 6, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=When+Joseph+Comes+Marching+Home&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA32048-2004May16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unbossed.com/?p=870">unbossed.com » Thank You, Joseph Darby</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, John. "A Toast to the Bravery and Sacrifice of Whistleblowers". HuffPost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=A+Toast+to+the+Bravery+and+Sacrifice+of+Whistleblowers&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#cite_web_url" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6930197.stm">"Abu Ghraib whistleblower's ordeal"</a>. August 5, 2007. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abu+Ghraib+whistleblower%27s+ordeal&rft.date=2007-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F6930197.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloudSchmitt2006" class="citation news cs1">Cloud, David S.; Schmitt, Eric (April 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/14/washington/14military.html">"More Retired Generals Call for Rumsfeld's Resignation"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121109133044/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/14/washington/14military.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2012. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=More+Retired+Generals+Call+for+Rumsfeld%27s+Resignation&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.aulast=Cloud&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F04%2F14%2Fwashington%2F14military.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2006" class="citation news cs1">Baldwin, Tom (April 18, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510022329/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article706556.ece">"Revenge of the battered generals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article706556.ece">the original</a> on May 10, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Revenge+of+the+battered+generals&rft.date=2006-04-18&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fus_and_americas%2Farticle706556.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerWhite" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Peter; White, Josh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401649_pf.html">"Bush Speaks Out for Rumsfeld"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629021426/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401649_pf.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Bush+Speaks+Out+for+Rumsfeld&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=White%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F04%2F14%2FAR2006041401649_pf.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan, Patrick J.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OYw1AAAAIBAJ&pg=2539,7675827">"Smackdown 2006: The Generals Vs. Rumsfeld for the Top Prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Free_Lance%E2%80%93Star" title="The Free Lance–Star">The Free Lance–Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624155019/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OYw1AAAAIBAJ&pg=2539,7675827">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Free+Lance%E2%80%93Star&rft.atitle=Smackdown+2006%3A+The+Generals+Vs.+Rumsfeld+for+the+Top+Prize&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DOYw1AAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2539%2C7675827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Engber" class="citation news cs1">Daniel Engber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2139847/#sb2140026">"How many retired generals are there?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060417173552/http://www.slate.com/id/2139847/#sb2140026">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=How+many+retired+generals+are+there%3F&rft.au=Daniel+Engber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2139847%2F%23sb2140026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/04/14/iraq.rumsfeld/index.html">"Bush: Rumsfeld 'exactly what is needed'"</a>. CNN. April 14, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826093036/http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/04/14/iraq.rumsfeld/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2010. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Bush%3A+Rumsfeld+%27exactly+what+is+needed%27&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2006%2FPOLITICS%2F04%2F14%2Firaq.rumsfeld%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonyea2006" class="citation news cs1">Gonyea, Don (November 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6421567">"Bush Voices Support for Rumsfeld, Cheney"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529145751/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6421567">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bush+Voices+Support+for+Rumsfeld%2C+Cheney&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft.aulast=Gonyea&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D6421567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters2007-08-15-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters2007-08-15_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters2007-08-15_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2007" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Kristin (August 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-rumsfeld-resignation/rumsfeld-resigned-before-election-letter-shows-idUSN1524505720070815">"Rumsfeld resigned before election, letter shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120726104051/https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/08/15/us-usa-rumsfeld-resignation-idUSN1524505720070815">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+resigned+before+election%2C+letter+shows&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-rumsfeld-resignation%2Frumsfeld-resigned-before-election-letter-shows-idUSN1524505720070815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6130296.stm">"Rumsfeld replaced after poll loss"</a>. BBC News. November 9, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512060317/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/6130296.stm">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+replaced+after+poll+loss&rft.date=2006-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_depth%2F6130296.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Rosen_(journalist)" title="James Rosen (journalist)">Rosen, James</a> (October 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316014334/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2006/10/02/rice-offered-to-resign-following-bush-2004-re-election/">"Rice Offered to Resign Following Bush's 2004 Re-Election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/rice-offered-to-resign-following-bushs-2004-re-election">the original</a> on March 16, 2014. Retrieved March 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rice+Offered+to+Resign+Following+Bush%27s+2004+Re-Election&rft.date=2006-10-02&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Frice-offered-to-resign-following-bushs-2004-re-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/11/08/rumsfeld/index.html">"Rumsfeld quitting as defense secretary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. November 9, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108231100/http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/11/08/rumsfeld/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2006. Retrieved November 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+quitting+as+defense+secretary&rft.date=2006-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2006%2FPOLITICS%2F11%2F08%2Frumsfeld%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?195815-1/secretary-rumsfeld-farewell-ceremony">"Secretary Rumsfeld Farewell Ceremony"</a>. www.c-span.org. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>. December 15, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113023/https://www.c-span.org/video/?195815-1%2Fsecretary-rumsfeld-farewell-ceremony">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.c-span.org&rft.atitle=Secretary+Rumsfeld+Farewell+Ceremony&rft.date=2006-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F195815-1%2Fsecretary-rumsfeld-farewell-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro2007" class="citation news cs1">Shapiro, Gary (June 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysun.com/national/publishers-abuzz-over-possible-rumsfeld-book/57376/">"Publishers Abuzz Over Possible Rumsfeld Book"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529145752/https://www.nysun.com/national/publishers-abuzz-over-possible-rumsfeld-book/57376/">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Publishers+Abuzz+Over+Possible+Rumsfeld+Book&rft.date=2007-06-27&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fnational%2Fpublishers-abuzz-over-possible-rumsfeld-book%2F57376%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120819442235013215">"Rumsfeld Memoir Is Slated for 2010"</a>. Associated Press via Wall Street Journal. April 14, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180527002233/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120819442235013215">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+Memoir+Is+Slated+for+2010&rft.date=2008-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB120819442235013215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeahl2010" class="citation news cs1">Deahl, Rachel (September 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-deals/article/44527-sentinel-to-publish-rumsfeld-memoir.html">"Sentinel to Publish Rumsfeld Memoir"</a>. Publishers Weekly. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201020946/http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/international/international-deals/article/44527-sentinel-to-publish-rumsfeld-memoir.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=Sentinel+to+Publish+Rumsfeld+Memoir&rft.date=2010-09-20&rft.aulast=Deahl&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Finternational%2Finternational-deals%2Farticle%2F44527-sentinel-to-publish-rumsfeld-memoir.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundation-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rumsfeldfoundation.org/about">"About the Rumsfeld Foundation"</a>. Rumsfeld Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203085046/http://www.rumsfeldfoundation.org/about/">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Rumsfeld+Foundation&rft.pub=Rumsfeld+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rumsfeldfoundation.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/18175359">"Donald Rumsfeld's memoir: Ducking and diving – His study in self-defence"</a>. The Economist. February 17, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221190316/http://www.economist.com/node/18175359">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%27s+memoir%3A+Ducking+and+diving+%E2%80%93+His+study+in+self-defence&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F18175359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-website-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-website_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-website_175-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rumsfeld.com/archives/page/about-the-rumsfeld-archive-2">"About the Rumsfeld Archive"</a>. rumsfeld.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111023203730/http://www.rumsfeld.com/library/page/about-the-library">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rumsfeld.com&rft.atitle=About+the+Rumsfeld+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rumsfeld.com%2Farchives%2Fpage%2Fabout-the-rumsfeld-archive-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Duffy, Michael (May 18, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1623260,00.html">"Donald Rumsfeld's Next Move"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529145738/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1623260,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%27s+Next+Move&rft.date=2007-05-18&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fnation%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C1623260%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rumsfeldfoundation.org/library/doclib/2017/01/20140120_2013AnnualReport.pdf">"2013 Annual Report"</a> (PDF). Rumsfeld Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327221418/https://www.rumsfeldfoundation.org/doclib/20140120_2013AnnualReport.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Annual+Report&rft.pub=Rumsfeld+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rumsfeldfoundation.org%2Flibrary%2Fdoclib%2F2017%2F01%2F20140120_2013AnnualReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartman2011" class="citation news cs1">Hartman, Rachel Rose (April 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/condoleezza-rice-fires-back-grumpy-donald-rumsfeld-132950462.html">"Condoleezza Rice fires back at 'grumpy' Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Ticket</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307152139/http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/condoleezza-rice-fires-back-grumpy-donald-rumsfeld-132950462.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved April 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Condoleezza+Rice+fires+back+at+%27grumpy%27+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2011-04-28&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=Rachel+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fblogs%2Fticket%2Fcondoleezza-rice-fires-back-grumpy-donald-rumsfeld-132950462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy_BinghamSteven_Portnoy2011" class="citation news cs1">Amy Bingham; Steven Portnoy (February 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abcnewsradioonline.com/national-news/rumsfeld-time-has-come-to-allow-gays-to-serve-openly.html">"Rumsfeld: "Time Has Come" To Allow Gays To Serve Openly"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529145740/http://abcnewsradioonline.com/national-news/rumsfeld-time-has-come-to-allow-gays-to-serve-openly.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%3A+%22Time+Has+Come%22+To+Allow+Gays+To+Serve+Openly&rft.date=2011-02-11&rft.au=Amy+Bingham&rft.au=Steven+Portnoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnewsradioonline.com%2Fnational-news%2Frumsfeld-time-has-come-to-allow-gays-to-serve-openly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rumsfeld-gadhafi-stays-us-reputation-damaged-american-enemies/story?id=13232616">"Rumsfeld: If Gadhafi Stays, U.S. Reputation Damaged, American Enemies Emboldened"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. March 27, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706103245/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rumsfeld-gadhafi-stays-us-reputation-damaged-american-enemies/story?id=13232616">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%3A+If+Gadhafi+Stays%2C+U.S.+Reputation+Damaged%2C+American+Enemies+Emboldened&rft.date=2011-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Frumsfeld-gadhafi-stays-us-reputation-damaged-american-enemies%2Fstory%3Fid%3D13232616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/1011/Rumsfelds_second_Al_Jazeera_interview_less_cordial.html">"Rumsfeld's second Al Jazeera interview less cordial"</a>. Politico. October 4, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706104420/https://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/1011/Rumsfelds_second_Al_Jazeera_interview_less_cordial.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld%27s+second+Al+Jazeera+interview+less+cordial&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fonmedia%2F1011%2FRumsfelds_second_Al_Jazeera_interview_less_cordial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/donald-rumsfelds-hate-love-hate-relationship-al-jazeera/337117/">"Donald Rumsfeld's Hate-Love-Hate-Relationship with Al Jazeera"</a>. The Atlantic. October 4, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200706060418/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/10/donald-rumsfelds-hate-love-hate-relationship-al-jazeera/337117/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%27s+Hate-Love-Hate-Relationship+with+Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2011%2F10%2Fdonald-rumsfelds-hate-love-hate-relationship-al-jazeera%2F337117%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2390962">"The Unknown Known"</a>. IMDb. January 16, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413123030/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2390962/">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=The+Unknown+Known&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt2390962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://javelindc.com/projects/churchill-solitaire/">"Churchill Solitaire"</a>. Javelin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812075921/http://javelindc.com/projects/churchill-solitaire/">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Churchill+Solitaire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjavelindc.com%2Fprojects%2Fchurchill-solitaire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHern2016" class="citation news cs1">Hern, Alex (January 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/25/donald-rumsfeld-releases-solitaire-app">"Donald Rumsfeld releases solitaire app"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125115132/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/25/donald-rumsfeld-releases-solitaire-app">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+releases+solitaire+app&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2016%2Fjan%2F25%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-releases-solitaire-app&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@DonRumsfeld/at-83-i-decided-to-develop-an-app-dadd4e53d342">"At 83, I Decided to Develop an App"</a>. January 2, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125151251/https://medium.com/@DonRumsfeld/at-83-i-decided-to-develop-an-app-dadd4e53d342">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+83%2C+I+Decided+to+Develop+an+App&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40DonRumsfeld%2Fat-83-i-decided-to-develop-an-app-dadd4e53d342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-just-rele/1100-6434112/">"Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld Just Released a Video Game"</a>. GameSpot. January 2, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129144053/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-just-rele/1100-6434112/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2016. Retrieved February 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Former+Defense+Secretary+Donald+Rumsfeld+Just+Released+a+Video+Game&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fformer-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-just-rele%2F1100-6434112%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-rumsfeld-donald-trump-224698">"Donald Rumsfeld says he's 'clearly' voting for Trump"</a>. Politico. June 22, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217130917/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-rumsfeld-donald-trump-224698">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+says+he%27s+%27clearly%27+voting+for+Trump&rft.date=2016-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F06%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-donald-trump-224698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/defense-secretaries-letter-warning-trump-signed-days/story?id=75036788">"Defense secretaries' letter warning Trump was signed by all in only 2 days"</a>. ABC News. Retrieved March 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Defense+secretaries%27+letter+warning+Trump+was+signed+by+all+in+only+2+days&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fdefense-secretaries-letter-warning-trump-signed-days%2Fstory%3Fid%3D75036788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacias2021" class="citation news cs1">Macias, Amanda (June 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/30/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-dead-at-88.html">"Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, who oversaw Iraq war, dies at 88"</a>. CNBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630194403/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/30/former-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-dead-at-88.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Former+Defense+Secretary+Donald+Rumsfeld%2C+who+oversaw+Iraq+war%2C+dies+at+88&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F06%2F30%2Fformer-defense-secretary-donald-rumsfeld-dead-at-88.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden2021" class="citation news cs1">McFadden, Robert D. (June 30, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/us/politics/donald-rumsfeld-dead.html">"Donald Rumsfeld, Defense Secretary Under 2 Presidents, Is Dead at 88"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630194022/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/us/politics/donald-rumsfeld-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%2C+Defense+Secretary+Under+2+Presidents%2C+Is+Dead+at+88&rft.date=2021-06-30&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F06%2F30%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeibovich2021" class="citation news cs1">Leibovich, Mark (August 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/24/us/politics/rumsfeld-afghanistan.html">"Donald Rumsfeld, Architect of War in Afghanistan, Is Laid to Rest"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/24/us/politics/rumsfeld-afghanistan.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%2C+Architect+of+War+in+Afghanistan%2C+Is+Laid+to+Rest&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Leibovich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F24%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frumsfeld-afghanistan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gov/Newsroom/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/2742828/pentagon-press-secretary-john-f-kirby-and-major-general-hank-taylor-deputy-dire/">"Pentagon Press Secretary John F. Kirby and Major General Hank Taylor, Deputy Director of t"</a>. U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved August 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Defense&rft.atitle=Pentagon+Press+Secretary+John+F.+Kirby+and+Major+General+Hank+Taylor%2C+Deputy+Director+of+t&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FNewsroom%2FTranscripts%2FTranscript%2FArticle%2F2742828%2Fpentagon-press-secretary-john-f-kirby-and-major-general-hank-taylor-deputy-dire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214042637/http://www.nascar.com/2005/races/lapbylap/07/02/daytona_july/index.html">"Lap-by-Lap: Pepsi 400"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a>. July 3, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nascar.com/2005/races/lapbylap/07/02/daytona_july/index.html">the original</a> on December 14, 2006. Retrieved January 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lap-by-Lap%3A+Pepsi+400&rft.pub=NASCAR&rft.date=2005-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nascar.com%2F2005%2Fraces%2Flapbylap%2F07%2F02%2Fdaytona_july%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Defense-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Defense_195-19">t</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU.S._Department_of_Defense" class="citation web cs1">U.S. Department of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dod.defense.gov/About/Biographies/Biography-View/Article/602800/">"DONALD H. RUMSFELD Former Secretary of Defense"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140412203621/http://www.defense.gov/bios/biographydetail.aspx?biographyid=90">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DONALD+H.+RUMSFELD+Former+Secretary+of+Defense&rft.au=U.S.+Department+of+Defense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdod.defense.gov%2FAbout%2FBiographies%2FBiography-View%2FArticle%2F602800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419191743/http://history.defense.gov/rumsfeld2.shtml">"Donald H. Rumsfeld"</a>. Historical Office, Office of the Secretary of Defense. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.defense.gov/rumsfeld2.shtml">the original</a> on April 19, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+H.+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=Historical+Office%2C+Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.defense.gov%2Frumsfeld2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. www.achievement.org. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161215023909/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved November 20, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23public-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316011517/http://www3.ausa.org/WEBINT/DeptAUSANews.nsf/byid/CCRN-6CGLFC">"3 Marshall Medal Recipients Hold Key Positions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Association of the United States Army">Association of the United States Army</a>. March 1, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.ausa.org/WEBINT/DeptAUSANews.nsf/byid/CCRN-6CGLFC">the original</a> on March 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=3+Marshall+Medal+Recipients+Hold+Key+Positions&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.ausa.org%2FWEBINT%2FDeptAUSANews.nsf%2Fbyid%2FCCRN-6CGLFC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060515004352/http://www.defenselink.mil/bios/rumsfeld_bio.html">"Biography: Donald H. Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/bios/rumsfeld_bio.html">the original</a> on May 15, 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography%3A+Donald+H.+Rumsfeld%2C+Secretary+of+Defense&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fbios%2Frumsfeld_bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWendell2021" class="citation journal cs1">Wendell, Bryan (July 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2021/07/02/donald-rumsfeld-distinguished-eagle-scout-and-former-secretary-of-defense-dies-at-88/">"Donald Rumsfeld, Distinguished Eagle Scout and former secretary of defense, dies at 88"</a>. Bryan on Scouting. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706143705/https://blog.scoutingmagazine.org/2021/07/02/donald-rumsfeld-distinguished-eagle-scout-and-former-secretary-of-defense-dies-at-88/">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bryan+on+Scouting&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld%2C+Distinguished+Eagle+Scout+and+former+secretary+of+defense%2C+dies+at+88&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft.aulast=Wendell&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.scoutingmagazine.org%2F2021%2F07%2F02%2Fdonald-rumsfeld-distinguished-eagle-scout-and-former-secretary-of-defense-dies-at-88%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4301783.stm">"Berry gets worst actress Razzie"</a>. BBC News. February 2, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160308223451/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4301783.stm">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Berry+gets+worst+actress+Razzie&rft.date=2005-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F4301783.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Mello" class="citation news cs1">Michael Mello. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ocregister.com/news/rumsfeld-279081-nixon-library.html">"Rumsfeld accepts award at Nixon library"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Orange_County_Register" title="The Orange County Register">The Orange County Register</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210075035/http://www.ocregister.com/news/rumsfeld-279081-nixon-library.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Orange+County+Register&rft.atitle=Rumsfeld+accepts+award+at+Nixon+library&rft.au=Michael+Mello&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2Fnews%2Frumsfeld-279081-nixon-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624013711/http://www.president.al/?p=9714">"Presidenti Nishani dekoron zotin Donald Rumsfeld me Dekoratën e "Flamurit Kombëtar""</a> (in Albanian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.al/?p=9714">the original</a> on June 24, 2013. Retrieved November 11, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidenti+Nishani+dekoron+zotin+Donald+Rumsfeld+me+Dekorat%C3%ABn+e+%22Flamurit+Komb%C3%ABtar%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.al%2F%3Fp%3D9714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelene_C._Stikkel2004" class="citation web cs1">Helene C. Stikkel (November 18, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110050237/http://osd.dtic.mil/photos/Jul2004/040701-D-2987S-024.html">"People – Secretary of Defense"</a>. United States Department of Defense. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osd.dtic.mil/photos/Jul2004/040701-D-2987S-024.html">the original</a> on November 10, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People+%E2%80%93+Secretary+of+Defense&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2004-11-18&rft.au=Helene+C.+Stikkel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fosd.dtic.mil%2Fphotos%2FJul2004%2F040701-D-2987S-024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/english/html/pressreleases/2015/order-of-the-rising-sun-rumsfeld.html">"2015 Fall Conferment of Decoration : The Honorable Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. November 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Fall+Conferment+of+Decoration+%3A+The+Honorable+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.us.emb-japan.go.jp%2Fenglish%2Fhtml%2Fpressreleases%2F2015%2Forder-of-the-rising-sun-rumsfeld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20050730995">"Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 8 lipca 2005 r. o nadaniu orderu"</a>. isap.sejm.gov.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630202659/http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WMP20050730995">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=isap.sejm.gov.pl&rft.atitle=Postanowienie+Prezydenta+Rzeczypospolitej+Polskiej+z+dnia+8+lipca+2005+r.+o+nadaniu+orderu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisap.sejm.gov.pl%2Fisap.nsf%2FDocDetails.xsp%3Fid%3DWMP20050730995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.president.gov.tw/Default.aspx?tabid=448">"Office of the President, ROC (Taiwan)"</a>. english.president.gov.tw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012124719/https://english.president.gov.tw/Default.aspx?tabid=448">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.president.gov.tw&rft.atitle=Office+of+the+President%2C+ROC+%28Taiwan%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.president.gov.tw%2FDefault.aspx%3Ftabid%3D448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> BBC News, November 8, 2006 "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3690341.stm">Profile Donald Rumsfeld</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118210035/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3690341.stm">Archived</a> November 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPacker2021" class="citation web cs1">Packer, George (July 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/06/how-donald-rumsfeld-deserves-be-remembered/619334/">"How Rumsfeld Deserves to Be Remembered"</a>. The Atlantic. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Rumsfeld+Deserves+to+Be+Remembered&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.aulast=Packer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2021%2F06%2Fhow-donald-rumsfeld-deserves-be-remembered%2F619334%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham2017" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Bradley (June 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/bradley-graham/by-his-own-rules/9781586486501/">By His Own Rules The Ambitions, Successes, and Ultimate Failures of Donald Rumsfeld</a>. PublicAffairs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586486501" title="Special:BookSources/9781586486501"><bdi>9781586486501</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+His+Own+Rules+The+Ambitions%2C+Successes%2C+and+Ultimate+Failures+of+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.isbn=9781586486501&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Bradley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicaffairsbooks.com%2Ftitles%2Fbradley-graham%2Fby-his-own-rules%2F9781586486501%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A132-2004Dec14.html">The Defense Secretary We Have</a>, William Kristol, December 15, 2004 </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/biography-george-h-w-bush-slams-iron-ass-cheney-rumsfeld-n457911">"In Biography, George H.W. Bush Slams 'Iron-Ass' Cheney, Rumsfeld"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. November 5, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=In+Biography%2C+George+H.W.+Bush+Slams+%27Iron-Ass%27+Cheney%2C+Rumsfeld&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Fbiography-george-h-w-bush-slams-iron-ass-cheney-rumsfeld-n457911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/29267528">"Strategic imperatives in East Asia / Donald Rumsfeld"</a>. trove.nla.gov.au. <a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210706143530/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/29267528">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2021. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strategic+imperatives+in+East+Asia+%2F+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=Trove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F29267528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: General and cited sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley_Graham2009" class="citation book cs1">Bradley Graham (2009). By His Own Rules: The Ambitions, Successes, and Ultimate Failures of Donald Rumsfeld. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-421-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-421-7"><bdi>978-1-58648-421-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+His+Own+Rules%3A+The+Ambitions%2C+Successes%2C+and+Ultimate+Failures+of+Donald+Rumsfeld&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-421-7&rft.au=Bradley+Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowan_Scarborough2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Scarborough" title="Rowan Scarborough">Rowan Scarborough</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rumsfeldswarunto00scar">Rumsfeld's War: The Untold Story of America's Anti-Terrorist Commander</a>. <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-069-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-069-7"><bdi>978-0-89526-069-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%27s+War%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+America%27s+Anti-Terrorist+Commander&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89526-069-7&rft.au=Rowan+Scarborough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frumsfeldswarunto00scar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midge_Decter" title="Midge Decter">Midge Decter</a>. Rumsfeld: A Personal Portrait. (Regan Books, 2003). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-056091-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-056091-6">0-06-056091-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffrey_A._Krames2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_A._Krames" title="Jeffrey A. Krames">Jeffrey A. Krames</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rumsfeldwayleade00kram">The Rumsfeld Way: The Leadership Wisdom of a Battle-Hardened Maverick</a>. <a href="/wiki/McGraw-Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="McGraw-Hill">McGraw-Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-140641-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-140641-3"><bdi>978-0-07-140641-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rumsfeld+Way%3A+The+Leadership+Wisdom+of+a+Battle-Hardened+Maverick&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-07-140641-3&rft.au=Jeffrey+A.+Krames&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frumsfeldwayleade00kram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoehn,_Andrew_R.Albert_A._RobbertMargaret_C._Harrell2011" class="citation book cs1">Hoehn, Andrew R.; Albert A. Robbert; Margaret C. Harrell (2011). Succession management for senior military positions: the Rumsfeld model for Secretary of Defense involvement. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-5228-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8330-5228-5"><bdi>978-0-8330-5228-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Succession+management+for+senior+military+positions%3A+the+Rumsfeld+model+for+Secretary+of+Defense+involvement&rft.place=Santa+Monica%2C+CA&rft.pub=RAND&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8330-5228-5&rft.au=Hoehn%2C+Andrew+R.&rft.au=Albert+A.+Robbert&rft.au=Margaret+C.+Harrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Cockburn2007" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Cockburn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rumsfeldhisrisef00cock">Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Scribners</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3574-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-3574-4"><bdi>978-1-4165-3574-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%3A+His+Rise%2C+Fall%2C+and+Catastrophic+Legacy&rft.pub=Scribners&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-3574-4&rft.au=Andrew+Cockburn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frumsfeldhisrisef00cock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale_R._Herspring2008" class="citation book cs1">Dale R. Herspring (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rumsfeldswarsarr00hers">Rumsfeld's Wars: The Arrogance of Power</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1587-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1587-2"><bdi>978-0-7006-1587-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rumsfeld%27s+Wars%3A+The+Arrogance+of+Power&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1587-2&rft.au=Dale+R.+Herspring&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frumsfeldswarsarr00hers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_W._Bush2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2010). <a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishing_Group" title="Crown Publishing Group">Crown</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-59061-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-59061-9"><bdi>978-0-307-59061-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decision+Points&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-307-59061-9&rft.au=George+W.+Bush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Donald Rumsfeld at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Rumsfeld" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Donald Rumsfeld">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Rumsfeld" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Donald Rumsfeld">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" class="extiw" title="q:Donald Rumsfeld">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Donald_Rumsfeld" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Donald Rumsfeld">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184650" class="extiw" title="d:Q184650">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> Works <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rumsfeld.com/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.defense.gov/speeches/">U.S. Department of Defense: Speeches</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609171540/http://archive.defense.gov/speeches/">Archived</a> June 9, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180524031137/http://www.rumsfeldsrules.com/">Rumsfeld's Rules</a> advice on government, business and life, January 29, 2001</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.project-syndicate.org/contributor/722">Donald Rumsfeld's Project Syndicate op/eds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://churchillsolitaire.com/">Churchill Solitaire</a>, an iOS and Android adaptation of Churchill's variant of Solitaire</li></ul> Government service <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/rumsfeld-bio.html">White House Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061115085641/http://www.defenselink.mil/bios/secdef_bio.html">Department of Defense Biography</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congressr000508" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=r000508">"Donald Rumsfeld (id: r000508)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Donald+Rumsfeld+%28id%3A+r000508%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3Dr000508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Rumsfeld" class="Z3988"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldrumsfeld">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184650#P2190" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/topics/people/donald-rumsfeld.html">Donald Rumsfeld</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/donald-rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184650#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/topic/Donald_Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-h-rumsfeld">Donald H. Rumsfeld</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220094138/http://media.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/nation/pdf/12112008_detaineeabuse.pdf">Senate Armed Services Committee Inquiry into the Treatment of Detainees in U.S. Custody</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">United States Senate Committee on Armed Services</a>, 2008</li></ul> Documentary videos <ul><li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1204">A View from the White House, Part I (1975)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1205">A View from the White House, Part II (1975)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1209">A Single Six Year Term for President (1987)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1210">Money, television, and Politics (1988)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/openmind_ep1207">The Private Lives of Public Servants (1989)</a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pentagon/">Rumsfeld's War</a> PBS Frontline, October 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Known" title="The Unknown Known">The Unknown Known</a> – Interview with Rumsfeld by <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a>-winning documentarian <a href="/wiki/Errol_Morris" title="Errol Morris">Errol Morris</a>, December 2013</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/">Video clip of Rumsfeld (as special U.S. envoy to Middle East) meeting Hussein</a></li></ul> Articles profiling Rumsfeld <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/pentagon/etc/cronfeld.html">The Life and Times of Donald Rumsfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/liveonline/partners/frontline.htm">Washington Post – Rumsfeld's War</a> archives 2001–04</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcetimes.com/legacy/new/0-AIRPAPER-1610997.php">Rumsfeld revealed</a>, Vivienne Heines. <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Times" title="Air Force Times">Air Force Times</a>, March 3, 2003</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2003/11/mann.htm">Close-Up: Young Rumsfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Mann_(writer)" title="James Mann (writer)">James Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, November 2003</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/bh/rumsfeld.shtml">The Donald Rumsfeld Library of Quotations</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090427201621/http://frontlineclub.com/events/2007/05/insight-with-andrew-cockburn-rumsfeld---the-man-behind-the-us-military-disaster.html">Biographer Andrew Cockburn on Rumsfeld</a> at London <a href="/wiki/Frontline_Club" title="Frontline Club">Frontline Club</a> May 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2001/The-Don-A-Look-at-Former-Defense-Secretary-Donald-Rumsfeld/">The Don: A Look at Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld</a>, Carol Felsenthal, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago magazine">Chicago magazine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/76c3f776-3563-11e0-aa6c-00144feabdc0.html">Lunch with the FT: Donald Rumsfeld</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Rachman" title="Gideon Rachman">Gideon Rachman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>, February 11, 2011</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_S._Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite S. Church">Marguerite Church</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from Illinois">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 13th congressional district">Illinois's 13th congressional district</a> 1963–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">Phil Crane</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Bertrand Harding</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Director of the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" title="Office of Economic Opportunity">Office of Economic Opportunity</a> 1969–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" title="Frank Carlucci">Frank Carlucci</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Harlow" title="Bryce Harlow">Bryce Harlow</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"> <a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a> 1970–1971 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Finch_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Finch (American politician)">Robert Finch</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Finch_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Finch (American politician)">Robert Finch</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Pat Moynihan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> 1974–1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James Schlesinger</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a> 1975–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Harold Brown</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">Bill Cohen</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a> 2001–2006 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Bob Gates</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. Kennedy (politician)">David Kennedy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Permanent_Representative_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Permanent Representative to NATO">United States Ambassador to NATO</a> 1973–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" title="David K. E. Bruce">David Bruce</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_and_topics_related_to_Donald_Rumsfeld" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_and_topics_related_to_Donald_Rumsfeld" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles and topics related to Donald Rumsfeld</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Directors_of_the_Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Office_of_Economic_Opportunity_Directors" title="Template:Office of Economic Opportunity Directors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Office_of_Economic_Opportunity_Directors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Office of Economic Opportunity Directors (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Office_of_Economic_Opportunity_Directors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Office of Economic Opportunity Directors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Directors_of_the_Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Economic_Opportunity" title="Office of Economic Opportunity">Directors of the Office of Economic Opportunity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_Harding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertrand Harding (page does not exist)">Bertrand Harding</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" title="Frank Carlucci">Frank Carlucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_V._Sanchez" title="Phillip V. Sanchez">Phillip V. Sanchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arvin_J._Arnett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvin J. Arnett (page does not exist)">Arvin J. Arnett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathan_E._Chambers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathan E. Chambers (page does not exist)">Nathan E. Chambers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=United_States_Permanent_Representatives_to_NATO_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USNATOambassadors" title="Template:USNATOambassadors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USNATOambassadors" title="Template talk:USNATOambassadors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USNATOambassadors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USNATOambassadors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=United_States_Permanent_Representatives_to_NATO_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Permanent_Representative_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Permanent Representative to NATO">United States Permanent Representatives to NATO</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/20px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/31px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/40px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Draper_Jr." title="William Henry Draper Jr.">William H. Draper Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_Hughes" title="John Chambers Hughes">John C. Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walbridge_Perkins_Jr." title="George Walbridge Perkins Jr.">George W. Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Randolph_Burgess" title="Warren Randolph Burgess">Warren R. Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_K._Finletter" title="Thomas K. Finletter">Thomas K. Finletter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Cleveland" title="Harlan Cleveland">Harlan Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ellsworth" title="Robert Ellsworth">Robert Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. Kennedy (politician)">David M. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce" title="David K. E. Bruce">David K. E. Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Strausz-Hup%C3%A9" title="Robert Strausz-Hupé">Robert Strausz-Hupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tapley_Bennett_Jr." title="William Tapley Bennett Jr.">William T. Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Manker_Abshire" title="David Manker Abshire">David M. Abshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_G._Keel_Jr." title="Alton G. Keel Jr.">Alton G. Keel Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft_IV" title="William Howard Taft IV">William Howard Taft IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Bartholomew" title="Reginald Bartholomew">Reginald Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hunter" title="Robert E. Hunter">Robert E. Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vershbow" title="Alexander Vershbow">Alexander Vershbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Nicholas_Burns" title="R. Nicholas Burns">R. Nicholas Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Nuland" title="Victoria Nuland">Victoria Nuland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Volker" title="Kurt Volker">Kurt Volker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_H._Daalder" title="Ivo H. Daalder">Ivo H. Daalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Lute" title="Douglas Lute">Douglas Lute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Bailey_Hutchison" title="Kay Bailey Hutchison">Kay Bailey Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Smith" title="Julianne Smith">Julianne Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/55px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/83px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/110px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_House_chiefs_of_staff" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_House_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Template:White House Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_House_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Template talk:White House Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_House_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White House Chiefs of Staff"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_House_chiefs_of_staff" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House chiefs of staff</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Steelman" title="John R. Steelman">Steelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Adams" title="Sherman Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton_Persons" title="Wilton Persons">Persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_O%27Donnell" title="Kenneth O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Jenkins" title="Walter Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Moyers" title="Bill Moyers">Moyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Valenti" title="Jack Valenti">Valenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Marvin_Watson" title="W. Marvin Watson">M. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Jones" title="James R. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Haldeman" title="H. R. Haldeman">Haldeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Jordan" title="Hamilton Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Watson_(presidential_adviser)" title="Jack Watson (presidential adviser)">J. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">J. Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Regan" title="Donald Regan">Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baker" title="Howard Baker">H. Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Duberstein" title="Kenneth Duberstein">Duberstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Sununu" title="John H. Sununu">Sununu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Skinner" title="Samuel K. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">J. Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_McLarty" title="Mack McLarty">McLarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Panetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erskine_Bowles" title="Erskine Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Podesta" title="John Podesta">Podesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card">Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Bolten" title="Joshua Bolten">Bolten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Emanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Rouse" title="Pete Rouse">Rouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">Daley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Lew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">McDonough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Priebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Mulvaney" title="Mick Mulvaney">Mulvaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Meadows" title="Mark Meadows">Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Zients</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/75px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/113px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/150px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_defense" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USSecDef" title="Template:USSecDef"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USSecDef" title="Template talk:USSecDef"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USSecDef" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USSecDef"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_defense" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States secretaries of defense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Forrestal" title="James Forrestal">Forrestal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Johnson" title="Louis A. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Lovett" title="Robert A. Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Erwin_Wilson" title="Charles Erwin Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_H._McElroy" title="Neil H. McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Gates_Jr." title="Thomas S. Gates Jr.">T. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">McNamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Clifford" title="Clark Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">Schlesinger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Secretary_of_Defense)" title="Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Weinberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlucci" title="Frank Carlucci">Carlucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Aspin" title="Les Aspin">Aspin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Perry" title="William J. Perry">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">R. Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Panetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Hagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Mattis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Esper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_Defense.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="648" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ABB" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ABB" title="Template:ABB"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ABB" title="Template talk:ABB"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ABB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ABB"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ABB" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABB_Motors_%26_Mechanical" class="mw-redirect" title="ABB Motors & Mechanical">ABB Motors & Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEA" title="ASEA">ASEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown,_Boveri_%26_Cie" title="Brown, Boveri & Cie">Brown, Boveri & Cie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Combustion" title="International Combustion">International Combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mincom_(company)" title="Mincom (company)">Mincom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_%26_Betts" title="Thomas & Betts">Thomas & Betts</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:ABB_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="logo"><img alt="logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/ABB_logo.svg/100px-ABB_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/ABB_logo.svg/150px-ABB_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/ABB_logo.svg/200px-ABB_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="203" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Agthe" title="Klaus Agthe">Klaus Agthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Barnevik" title="Percy Barnevik">Percy Barnevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Eugene_Lancelot_Brown" title="Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown">Charles Eugene Lancelot Brown</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sutherland" title="Peter Sutherland">Peter Sutherland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Richard_Nixon_(1969–1974)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nixon_cabinet" title="Template:Nixon cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nixon_cabinet" title="Template talk:Nixon cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nixon_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nixon cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Richard_Nixon_(1969–1974)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (1969–1974)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li>None (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg/100px-Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg/150px-Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg/200px-Richard_M._Nixon%2C_ca._1935_-_1982_-_NARA_-_530679.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="3000" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">William P. Rogers</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Kennedy_(politician)" title="David M. Kennedy (politician)">David M. Kennedy</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Connally" title="John Connally">John Connally</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> (1972–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">William E. Simon</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Laird" title="Melvin Laird">Melvin Laird</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_N._Mitchell" title="John N. Mitchell">John N. Mitchell</a> (1969–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kleindienst" title="Richard Kleindienst">Richard Kleindienst</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Saxbe" title="William B. Saxbe">William B. Saxbe</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winton_M._Blount" title="Winton M. Blount">Winton M. Blount</a> (1969–1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Hickel" title="Wally Hickel">Wally Hickel</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Rogers Morton</a> (1971–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_M._Hardin" title="Clifford M. Hardin">Clifford M. Hardin</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Butz" title="Earl Butz">Earl Butz</a> (1971–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Stans" title="Maurice Stans">Maurice Stans</a> (1969–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Peterson" title="Peter G. Peterson">Peter G. Peterson</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_B._Dent" title="Frederick B. Dent">Frederick B. Dent</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Day_Hodgson" title="James Day Hodgson">James Day Hodgson</a> (1970–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Brennan" title="Peter J. Brennan">Peter J. Brennan</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Finch_(politician)" title="Robert Finch (politician)">Robert Finch</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a> (1970–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Romney" title="George W. Romney">George W. Romney</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Lynn" title="James Thomas Lynn">James Thomas Lynn</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">John A. Volpe</a> (1969–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Brinegar" title="Claude Brinegar">Claude Brinegar</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Bureau of the Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._Mayo" title="Robert P. Mayo">Robert P. Mayo</a> (1969–1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a> (1970–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> (1972–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Ash" title="Roy Ash">Roy Ash</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Yost" title="Charles Yost">Charles Yost</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1971–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Scali" title="John A. Scali">John A. Scali</a> (1973–1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_F._Burns" title="Arthur F. Burns">Arthur F. Burns</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryce_Harlow" title="Bryce Harlow">Bryce Harlow</a> (1969–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Finch_(politician)" title="Robert Finch (politician)">Robert Finch</a> (1970–1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a> (1970–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_L._Armstrong" title="Anne L. Armstrong">Anne L. Armstrong</a> (1973–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Burch" title="Dean Burch">Dean Burch</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rush" title="Kenneth Rush">Kenneth Rush</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Gerald_Ford_(1974–1977)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_cabinet" title="Template:Ford cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ford_cabinet" title="Template talk:Ford cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ford_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ford cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Gerald_Ford_(1974–1977)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (1974–1977)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>None (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a> (1974–1977)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/128px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Gerald_Ford_presidential_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2741" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a> (1974–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Simon" title="William E. Simon">William E. Simon</a> (1974–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Schlesinger" title="James R. Schlesinger">James R. Schlesinger</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Saxbe" title="William B. Saxbe">William B. Saxbe</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Levi" title="Edward H. Levi">Edward H. Levi</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Rogers Morton</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_K._Hathaway" title="Stanley K. Hathaway">Stanley K. Hathaway</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Kleppe" title="Thomas S. Kleppe">Thomas S. Kleppe</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Butz" title="Earl Butz">Earl Butz</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Knebel" title="John A. Knebel">John A. Knebel</a> (1976–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_B._Dent" title="Frederick B. Dent">Frederick B. Dent</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Rogers Morton</a> (1975–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Elliot Richardson</a> (1976–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Brennan" title="Peter J. Brennan">Peter J. Brennan</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Dunlop" title="John Thomas Dunlop">John Thomas Dunlop</a> (1975–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Usery_Jr." title="William Usery Jr.">William Usery Jr.</a> (1976–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Weinberger" title="Caspar Weinberger">Caspar Weinberger</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._David_Mathews" title="F. David Mathews">F. David Mathews</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Lynn" title="James Thomas Lynn">James Thomas Lynn</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Anderson_Hills" title="Carla Anderson Hills">Carla Anderson Hills</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Brinegar" title="Claude Brinegar">Claude Brinegar</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thaddeus_Coleman_Jr." title="William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.">William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Ash" title="Roy Ash">Roy Ash</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Thomas_Lynn" title="James Thomas Lynn">James Thomas Lynn</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_B._Dent" title="Frederick B. Dent">Frederick B. Dent</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Scali" title="John A. Scali">John A. Scali</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a> (1975–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scranton" title="William Scranton">William Scranton</a> (1976–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (1975–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President" title="Counselor to the President">Counselor to the President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anne_L._Armstrong" title="Anne L. Armstrong">Anne L. Armstrong</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Burch" title="Dean Burch">Dean Burch</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Rush" title="Kenneth Rush">Kenneth Rush</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Hartmann" title="Robert T. Hartmann">Robert T. Hartmann</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Otho_Marsh_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="John Otho Marsh Jr.">John Otho Marsh Jr.</a> (1974–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Morton" title="Rogers Morton">Rogers Morton</a> (1976)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Buchen" title="Philip W. Buchen">Philip W. Buchen</a> (1974–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Illinois&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_88th–91st_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Illinois&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_88th–91st_United_States_Congresses_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>'s delegation(s) to the 88th–91st <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congresses</a> (ordered by seniority)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">P. Douglas</a> (D) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">E. Dirksen</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">L. Arends</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._O%27Brien_(Illinois_politician)" title="Thomas J. O'Brien (Illinois politician)">T. O'Brien</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">W. Dawson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">M. Price</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Kluczynski" title="John C. Kluczynski">J. Kluczynski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Springer" title="William L. Springer">W. Springer</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">B. O'Hara</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Gray" title="Kenneth J. Gray">K. Gray</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Harold_R._Collier" title="Harold R. Collier">H. Collier</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">B. Michel</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roland_V._Libonati" title="Roland V. Libonati">R. Libonati</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ed_Derwinski" title="Ed Derwinski">E. Derwinski</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Elmer_J._Hoffman" title="Elmer J. Hoffman">E. Hoffman</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Murphy" title="William T. Murphy">W. Murphy</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roman_Pucinski" title="Roman Pucinski">R. Pucinski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">D. Rostenkowski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_E._Shipley" title="George E. Shipley">G. Shipley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">J. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Findley" title="Paul Findley">P. Findley</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Edward_Rowan_Finnegan" title="Edward Rowan Finnegan">E. Finnegan</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_McClory" title="Robert McClory">R. McClory</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_T._McLoskey" title="Robert T. McLoskey">R. McLoskey</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Rumsfeld</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Thompson_Reid" title="Charlotte Thompson Reid">C. Reid</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Douglas_(Illinois_politician)" title="Paul Douglas (Illinois politician)">P. Douglas</a> (D) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">E. Dirksen</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">L. Arends</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">W. Dawson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">M. Price</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Kluczynski" title="John C. Kluczynski">J. Kluczynski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Springer" title="William L. Springer">W. Springer</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">B. O'Hara</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Yates" title="Sidney R. Yates">S. Yates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Gray" title="Kenneth J. Gray">K. Gray</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Harold_R._Collier" title="Harold R. Collier">H. Collier</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">B. Michel</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ed_Derwinski" title="Ed Derwinski">E. Derwinski</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Murphy" title="William T. Murphy">W. Murphy</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roman_Pucinski" title="Roman Pucinski">R. Pucinski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">D. Rostenkowski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_E._Shipley" title="George E. Shipley">G. Shipley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">J. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Findley" title="Paul Findley">P. Findley</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_McClory" title="Robert McClory">R. McClory</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Rumsfeld</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Thompson_Reid" title="Charlotte Thompson Reid">C. Reid</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Annunzio" title="Frank Annunzio">F. Annunzio</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_N._Erlenborn" title="John N. Erlenborn">J. Erlenborn</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Ronan" title="Daniel J. Ronan">D. Ronan</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Gale_Schisler" title="Gale Schisler">G. Schisler</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/90th_United_States_Congress" title="90th United States Congress">90th</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>: ▌<a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">E. Dirksen</a> (R) · ▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">C. Percy</a> (R)</div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">L. Arends</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">W. Dawson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">M. Price</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Kluczynski" title="John C. Kluczynski">J. Kluczynski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Springer" title="William L. Springer">W. Springer</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Barratt_O%27Hara" title="Barratt O'Hara">B. O'Hara</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Yates" title="Sidney R. Yates">S. Yates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Gray" title="Kenneth J. Gray">K. Gray</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Harold_R._Collier" title="Harold R. Collier">H. Collier</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">B. Michel</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ed_Derwinski" title="Ed Derwinski">E. Derwinski</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Murphy" title="William T. Murphy">W. Murphy</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roman_Pucinski" title="Roman Pucinski">R. Pucinski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">D. Rostenkowski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_E._Shipley" title="George E. Shipley">G. Shipley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">J. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Findley" title="Paul Findley">P. Findley</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_McClory" title="Robert McClory">R. McClory</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Rumsfeld</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Thompson_Reid" title="Charlotte Thompson Reid">C. Reid</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Annunzio" title="Frank Annunzio">F. Annunzio</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_N._Erlenborn" title="John N. Erlenborn">J. Erlenborn</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Ronan" title="Daniel J. Ronan">D. Ronan</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tom_Railsback" title="Tom Railsback">T. Railsback</a> (R)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right"><a href="/wiki/91st_United_States_Congress" title="91st United States Congress">91st</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">Senate</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">E. Dirksen</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">C. Percy</a> (R) </li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Tyler_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Tyler Smith">R. Smith</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_III" title="Adlai Stevenson III">A. Stevenson III</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td> <td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Illinois" title="List of United States representatives from Illinois">House</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li>▌<a href="/wiki/Leslie_C._Arends" title="Leslie C. Arends">L. Arends</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Dawson_(politician)" title="William L. Dawson (politician)">W. Dawson</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Melvin_Price" title="Melvin Price">M. Price</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_C._Kluczynski" title="John C. Kluczynski">J. Kluczynski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_L._Springer" title="William L. Springer">W. Springer</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Sidney_R._Yates" title="Sidney R. Yates">S. Yates</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Gray" title="Kenneth J. Gray">K. Gray</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Harold_R._Collier" title="Harold R. Collier">H. Collier</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Michel" title="Robert H. Michel">B. Michel</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Ed_Derwinski" title="Ed Derwinski">E. Derwinski</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/William_T._Murphy" title="William T. Murphy">W. Murphy</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Roman_Pucinski" title="Roman Pucinski">R. Pucinski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">D. Rostenkowski</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_E._Shipley" title="George E. Shipley">G. Shipley</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_B._Anderson" title="John B. Anderson">J. Anderson</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Paul_Findley" title="Paul Findley">P. Findley</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Robert_McClory" title="Robert McClory">R. McClory</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a class="mw-selflink selflink">D. Rumsfeld</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Thompson_Reid" title="Charlotte Thompson Reid">C. Reid</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Frank_Annunzio" title="Frank Annunzio">F. Annunzio</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/John_N._Erlenborn" title="John N. Erlenborn">J. Erlenborn</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Ronan" title="Daniel J. Ronan">D. Ronan</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Tom_Railsback" title="Tom Railsback">T. Railsback</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Abner_Mikva" title="Abner Mikva">A. Mikva</a> (D)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/Phil_Crane" title="Phil Crane">P. Crane</a> (R)</li> <li>▌<a href="/wiki/George_W._Collins" title="George W. Collins">G. Collins</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1984)_1988_United_States_presidential_election_(1992_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1988 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1988 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1988 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1984)_1988_United_States_presidential_election_(1992_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">← 1984</a>) <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention" title="1988 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1988 Republican Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1988_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_du_Pont" title="Pete du Pont">Pete du Pont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Fernandez" title="Ben Fernandez">Ben Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Laxalt" title="Paul Laxalt">Paul Laxalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Pat Robertson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries#Results" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">results</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Lloyd Bentsen</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Applegate" title="Douglas Applegate">Douglas Applegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Babbitt" title="Bruce Babbitt">Bruce Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Dick Gephardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hart" title="Gary Hart">Gary Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Jesse Jackson 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Schroeder" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia Schroeder">Patricia Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Simon_(politician)" title="Paul Simon (politician)">Paul Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Traficant" title="James Traficant">James Traficant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election#Other_nominations" title="1988 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1987 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 1988 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a></li> <li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/James_A._Lewis_(politician)" title="James A. Lewis (politician)">Jim Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Means" title="Russell Means">Russell Means</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician)" title="George Ormsby (politician)">George Ormsby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winn" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Winn">Edward Winn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Willa_Kenoyer" title="Willa Kenoyer">Willa Kenoyer</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ron_Ehrenreich" title="Ron Ehrenreich">Ron Ehrenreich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Mickells" title="Kathleen Mickells">Kathleen Mickells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: Larry Holmes</li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Herer" title="Jack Herer">Jack Herer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_G._Lewin" title="Herbert G. Lewin">Herbert G. Lewin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Marra" title="William A. Marra">William A. Marra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Other 1988 elections: <a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1988 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1988 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1988 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_George_W._Bush_(2001–2009)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GW_Bush_cabinet" title="Template:GW Bush cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GW_Bush_cabinet" title="Template talk:GW Bush cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GW_Bush_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GW Bush cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_George_W._Bush_(2001–2009)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2001–2009)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a> (2001–2009)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> (2005–2009) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._O%27Neill" title="Paul H. O'Neill">Paul H. O'Neill</a> (2001–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Snow" title="John W. Snow">John W. Snow</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a> (2006–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Rumsfeld</a> (2001–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> (2006–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">John Ashcroft</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Gonzales" title="Alberto Gonzales">Alberto Gonzales</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mukasey" title="Michael Mukasey">Michael Mukasey</a> (2007–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gale_Norton" title="Gale Norton">Gale Norton</a> (2001–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Kempthorne" title="Dirk Kempthorne">Dirk Kempthorne</a> (2006–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Veneman" title="Ann Veneman">Ann Veneman</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Johanns" title="Mike Johanns">Mike Johanns</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Schafer" title="Ed Schafer">Ed Schafer</a> (2008–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Evans" title="Donald Evans">Donald Evans</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gutierrez" title="Carlos Gutierrez">Carlos Gutierrez</a> (2005–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Chao" title="Elaine Chao">Elaine Chao</a> (2001–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Tommy Thompson</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leavitt" title="Mike Leavitt">Mike Leavitt</a> (2005–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Mel Martínez">Mel Martínez</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Jackson" title="Alphonso Jackson">Alphonso Jackson</a> (2004–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Preston" title="Steve Preston">Steve Preston</a> (2008–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Mineta" title="Norman Mineta">Norman Mineta</a> (2001–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_E._Peters" title="Mary E. Peters">Mary E. Peters</a> (2006–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Abraham" title="Spencer Abraham">Spencer Abraham</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bodman" title="Samuel Bodman">Samuel Bodman</a> (2005–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Paige" title="Rod Paige">Rod Paige</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Spellings" title="Margaret Spellings">Margaret Spellings</a> (2005–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Principi" title="Anthony Principi">Anthony Principi</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs)" title="Jim Nicholson (Secretary of Veterans Affairs)">Jim Nicholson</a> (2005–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Peake" title="James Peake">James Peake</a> (2007–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ridge" title="Tom Ridge">Tom Ridge</a> (2003–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chertoff" title="Michael Chertoff">Michael Chertoff</a> (2005–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Todd_Whitman" title="Christine Todd Whitman">Christine Todd Whitman</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leavitt" title="Mike Leavitt">Mike Leavitt</a> (2003–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L._Johnson_(politician,_born_1951)" title="Stephen L. Johnson (politician, born 1951)">Stephen L. Johnson</a> (2005–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_Daniels" title="Mitch Daniels">Mitch Daniels</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Bolten" title="Joshua Bolten">Joshua Bolten</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nussle" title="Jim Nussle">Jim Nussle</a> (2007–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Zoellick" title="Robert Zoellick">Robert Zoellick</a> (2001–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a> (2005–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Schwab" title="Susan Schwab">Susan Schwab</a> (2006–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Walters" title="John P. Walters">John P. Walters</a> (2001–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Card" title="Andrew Card">Andrew Card</a> (2001–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Bolten" title="Joshua Bolten">Joshua Bolten</a> (2006–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184650#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184650#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184650#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078361114">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/41974687">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/327331/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJk4CPh9qf7RvTJpmXpHG3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124801757">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93082884">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13021608n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13021608n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01148047">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V082750">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2003163173&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5413774">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p261987690">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3012411">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201300591">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810589158405606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007303981105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058529952206706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14339705">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17489040?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/1a460ab5-088a-4f1f-b9e6-6dd0318a3931">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000508">US Congress</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/124801757">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/057244588">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573956">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67q9px1">SNAC</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bz6dq7">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&oldid=1258564826">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&oldid=1258564826</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Category:Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1932_births" title="Category:1932 births">1932 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2021_deaths" title="Category:2021 deaths">2021 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Illinois_politicians" title="Category:20th-century Illinois politicians">20th-century Illinois politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Presbyterians" title="Category:20th-century Presbyterians">20th-century Presbyterians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_memoirists" title="Category:21st-century American memoirists">21st-century American memoirists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Illinois_politicians" title="Category:21st-century Illinois politicians">21st-century Illinois politicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Presbyterians" title="Category:21st-century Presbyterians">21st-century Presbyterians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_chief_executives_of_manufacturing_companies" title="Category:American chief executives of manufacturing companies">American chief executives of manufacturing companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_male_non-fiction_writers" title="Category:American male non-fiction writers">American male non-fiction writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_game_designers" title="Category:American game designers">American game designers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_German_descent" title="Category:American people of German descent">American people of German descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_political_writers" title="Category:American political writers">American political writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_Presbyterians" title="Category:American Presbyterians">American Presbyterians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Chicago" title="Category:Businesspeople from Chicago">Businesspeople from Chicago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Evanston,_Illinois" title="Category:Businesspeople from Evanston, Illinois">Businesspeople from Evanston, Illinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_in_the_pharmaceutical_industry" title="Category:Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry">Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery">Burials at Arlington National Cemetery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Candidates_in_the_1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="Category:Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election">Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Carlyle_Group_people" title="Category:The Carlyle Group people">The Carlyle Group people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_cancer_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Deaths from cancer in New Mexico">Deaths from cancer in New Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_from_multiple_myeloma_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Deaths from multiple myeloma in the United States">Deaths from multiple myeloma in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:Ford administration cabinet members">Ford administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:George W. Bush administration cabinet members">George W. Bush administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Georgetown_University_Law_Center_alumni" title="Category:Georgetown University Law Center alumni">Georgetown University Law Center alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gilead_Sciences_people" title="Category:Gilead Sciences people">Gilead Sciences people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_personnel_from_Illinois" title="Category:Military personnel from Illinois">Military personnel from Illinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Trier_High_School_alumni" title="Category:New Trier High School alumni">New Trier High School alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nixon_administration_cabinet_members" title="Category:Nixon administration cabinet members">Nixon administration cabinet members</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Category:People from Taos, New Mexico">People from Taos, New Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Winnetka,_Illinois" title="Category:People from Winnetka, Illinois">People from Winnetka, Illinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Permanent_Representatives_of_the_United_States_to_NATO" title="Category:Permanent Representatives of the United States to NATO">Permanent Representatives of the United States to NATO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Chicago" title="Category:Politicians from Chicago">Politicians from Chicago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom_recipients" title="Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients">Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Princeton_University_alumni" title="Category:Princeton University alumni">Princeton University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Brilliant_Star" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star">Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Republican_Party_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_from_Illinois" title="Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois">Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Torture_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Torture in the United States">Torture in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_congressional_aides" title="Category:United States congressional aides">United States congressional aides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_government_officials_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Category:United States government officials of the Iraq War">United States government officials of the Iraq War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Naval_Aviators" title="Category:United States Naval Aviators">United States Naval Aviators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_captains" title="Category:United States Navy captains">United States Navy captains</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Navy_reservists" title="Category:United States Navy reservists">United States Navy reservists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_secretaries_of_defense" title="Category:United States secretaries of defense">United States secretaries of defense</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:White_House_chiefs_of_staff" title="Category:White House chiefs of staff">White House chiefs of staff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Evanston,_Illinois" title="Category:Writers from Evanston, Illinois">Writers from Evanston, Illinois</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_requires_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: requires URL">CS1 errors: requires URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Albanian-language_sources_(sq)" title="Category:CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)">CS1 Albanian-language sources (sq)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_February_2021" title="Category:Use American English from February 2021">Use American English from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from July 2020">Use mdy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_officeholder_with_ambassador_from_or_minister_from" title="Category:Pages using infobox officeholder with ambassador from or minister from">Pages using infobox officeholder with ambassador from or minister from</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_June_2012" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2012">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_June_2021" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2021">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2024">Articles needing additional references from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_namespace_mismatch" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch">Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Guardian_topic_template_using_Wikidata" title="Category:Guardian topic template using Wikidata">Guardian topic template using Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 11:37 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Rumsfeld&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-frkzt","wgBackendResponseTime":223,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.275","walltime":"5.243","ppvisitednodes":{"value":35875,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":920588,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":186321,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":948633,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4595.899 1 -total"," 36.16% 1661.936 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.86% 591.091 1 Template:Sister_project_links"," 12.21% 561.361 75 Template:Cite_news"," 11.38% 522.906 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 9.20% 422.617 92 Template:Cite_web"," 9.14% 420.073 1 Template:Navboxes"," 5.52% 253.691 4 Template:Webarchive"," 5.17% 237.772 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 4.59% 210.813 1 Template:ProQuest"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.849","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17152448,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\ntable#1 {\n [\"nowrap\"] = \"yes\",\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"nowrap\"] = \"yes\",\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAmericaLive2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmy_BinghamSteven_Portnoy2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_Cockburn2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFApuzzo2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerWhite\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldwin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergen2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBorger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowers2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradley_Graham2009\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBuchanan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBumiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCloudSchmitt2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCockburn2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColl2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFCraig_Unger2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig_Unger2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCronkGaramone2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDale_R._Herspring2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel_BenjaminSteven_Simon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaniel_Engber\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeahl2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobbs2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuffy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFroomkin2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge_W._Bush2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonyea2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenhouse1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermehl2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelene_C._Stikkel2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHern2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoehn,_Andrew_R.Albert_A._RobbertMargaret_C._Harrell2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffrey_A._Krames2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJon_C._Halter2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKampfner2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristin_Adair2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurtz2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanday2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler206\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeibovich2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindenauer2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacias2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalkasian2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMann2003\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFadden2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_Mello\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMills2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilton1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoniz,_Dave2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoss2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaomi_Klein2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicholas_G._Hahn_III2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOreskes1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO’Gara2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacker2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatrick_G._Lee2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRearden2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobert_WattsTim_Shipman2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosen2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowan_Scarborough2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld,_Donald1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld,_Donald2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld1946\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld2011\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRumsfeld2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmit2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartz2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciolinoSchmitt2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapiro2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShuster,_David2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSidney_Blumenthal\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmeulersvan_Niekirk2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFU.S._Department_of_Defense\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWendell2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodward2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright,_Robert2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZimmerman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"Politico_Shenon\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"ABB Group\"] = 1,\n [\"Aljazeeratopic\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 2,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 32,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 75,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 91,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"CongBio\"] = 1,\n [\"Conservatism US\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Rumsfeld, Donald\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Ford cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"GW Bush cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Guardian topic\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Internet Archive short film\"] = 5,\n [\"JPosttopic\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"New York Times topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Nixon cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Office of Economic Opportunity Directors\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 10,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 7,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 8,\n [\"S-dip\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 7,\n [\"USCongRep-end\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep-start\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/IL/88\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/IL/89\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/IL/90\"] = 1,\n [\"USCongRep/IL/91\"] = 1,\n [\"USNATOambassadors\"] = 1,\n [\"USSecDef\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 4,\n [\"United States presidential election candidates, 1988\"] = 1,\n [\"Update after\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Ushr\"] = 1,\n [\"WHCOS\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","16.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","16.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","240","11.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","7.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","3.7"],["match","60","2.8"],["rawset","60","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","2.8"],["[others]","540","25.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5cd4cd96d5-v6dqm","timestamp":"20241127001722","ttl":85366,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Donald Rumsfeld","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Rumsfeld","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q184650","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q184650","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-09T20:14:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T11:37:37Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/17\/Rumsfeld1.jpg","headline":"American politician and diplomat (1932\u20132021)"}</script> </body> </html>