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aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-St._Louis_Globe-Democrat_editorial_writer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Louis_Globe-Democrat_editorial_writer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span><i>St. Louis Globe-Democrat</i> editorial writer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Louis_Globe-Democrat_editorial_writer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_for_the_Nixon_White_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_for_the_Nixon_White_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Work for the Nixon White House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_for_the_Nixon_White_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_commentator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_commentator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>News commentator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_commentator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_for_the_Reagan_White_House" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_for_the_Reagan_White_House"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Work for the Reagan White House</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_for_the_Reagan_White_House-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Political campaigns</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_campaigns-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political campaigns subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1992_presidential_primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992_presidential_primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1992 presidential primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992_presidential_primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Off_the_campaign_trail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Off_the_campaign_trail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Off the campaign trail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Off_the_campaign_trail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996_presidential_primaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996_presidential_primaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>1996 presidential primaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996_presidential_primaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>2000 presidential campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Later presidential elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_media_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_media_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later media activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_media_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later media activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_media_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MSNBC_commentator" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MSNBC_commentator"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>MSNBC commentator</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MSNBC_commentator-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_American_Conservative_magazine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_American_Conservative_magazine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>The American Conservative</i> magazine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_American_Conservative_magazine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-VDARE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VDARE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>VDARE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VDARE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antisemitism_allegations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antisemitism_allegations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Antisemitism allegations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antisemitism_allegations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nazi_war_criminals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nazi_war_criminals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Nazi war criminals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nazi_war_criminals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bitburg_visit_by_President_Reagan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bitburg_visit_by_President_Reagan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Bitburg visit by President Reagan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bitburg_visit_by_President_Reagan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_on_the_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_on_the_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Comments on the Holocaust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_on_the_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comments_about_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_about_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Comments about Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_about_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Park_jogger_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Park_jogger_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Central Park jogger case</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Park_jogger_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_speeches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_speeches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Major speeches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_speeches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Selected articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Interviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pat Buchanan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بات بوكانان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بات بوكانان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86" title="پت بیوکنن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پت بیوکنن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Buchanan" title="Patrick Buchanan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Patrick Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86" title="پت بیوکنن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پت بیوکنن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9F_%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%A8" title="પેટ બ્યુકેનન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પેટ બ્યુકેનન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%BB_%EB%B7%B0%EC%BA%90%EB%84%8C" title="팻 뷰캐넌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팻 뷰캐넌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%9F" title="פט ביוקנן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פט ביוקנן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ಯಾಟ್ ಬ್ಯೂಕ್ಯಾನನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ಯಾಟ್ ಬ್ಯೂಕ್ಯಾನನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بات بوكانان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بات بوكانان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3" title="パット・ブキャナン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パット・ブキャナン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Buchanan" title="Patrick Buchanan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patrick Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8C%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Бьюкенен, Пат – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бьюкенен, Пат" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pat Buchanan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%91%27%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Пет Б'юкенен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пет Б'юкенен" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American guitarist, see <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_(musician)" title="Pat Buchanan (musician)">Pat Buchanan (musician)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Pat Buchanan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrickjbuchanan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Patrickjbuchanan.JPG/220px-Patrickjbuchanan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Patrickjbuchanan.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="315" data-file-height="438" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Buchanan in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 1985 – March 1, 1987</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._McManus_Jr." title="Michael A. McManus Jr.">Michael A. McManus Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Koehler" title="Jack Koehler">Jack Koehler</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Patrick Joseph Buchanan</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1938-11-02</span>) </span>November 2, 1938<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 86)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (before 1999, 2004–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a> (1999–2002) <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2002–2004)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Shelley Ann Scarney</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1971)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buchanan.org/">buchanan<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149127#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFF">Conservatism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/120px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/250px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism#United_States" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_chivalry" title="Southern chivalry">Southern chivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Brahmin" title="Boston Brahmin">Boston Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="United States in the 1950s">United States in the 1950s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisenhower_presidency" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower presidency">Eisenhower presidency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">W. Bush presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Bradford" title="Mel Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(political_scientist)" title="John Burgess (political scientist)">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kerouac" title="Jack Kerouac">Kerouac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pangle" title="Thomas Pangle">Pangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Wharton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Abbott" title="Greg Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan (James)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Gabbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy (Joseph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy" title="Kevin McCarthy">McCarthy (Kevin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" class="mw-redirect" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lindell" title="Mike Lindell">Lindell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Elon_Musk" title="Views of Elon Musk">political views</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Powell" title="Sidney Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libs_of_TikTok" title="Libs of TikTok">Raichik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts (Kevin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Ginni)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Wiles" title="Susie Wiles">Wiles</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1788)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1926)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1941)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1948)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1951)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1953)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1994)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1995)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2001)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2017)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2018)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (<i>historically, factions</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Newspapers</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Journals</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>TV channels</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> <p><b>Websites</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/1819_News" title="1819 News">1819 News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" class="mw-redirect" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <p><b>Congressional caucuses</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Caucus" title="Liberty Caucus">Liberty Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Governance_Group" title="Republican Governance Group">Republican Governance Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li></ul> <p><b>Economics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> <p><b>Gun rights</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li></ul> <p><b>Identity politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America"><i>ACT!</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nativist</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Restriction_League" title="Immigration Restriction League">Immigration Restriction League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> <p><b>Religion</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> <p><b>Watchdog groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(defunct)</span></li></ul> <p><b>Youth/student groups</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> <p><b>Social media</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li></ul> <p><b>Miscellaneous</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(defunct)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservative_Political_Action_Committee" title="National Conservative Political Action Committee">NCPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_Action" title="Turning Point Action">Turning Point Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism#Influence_on_the_Christian_right_in_general" title="Christian reconstructionism">Reconstructionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_education_movement" title="Classical education movement">Classical education movement</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Paideia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">2020 election disputes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Women in conservatism in the United States">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#United_States" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States">Mormon</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Prophecy" title="White Horse Prophecy">White Horse Prophecy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Patriot movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism#United_States" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secessionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">in Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunning_School" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican"><i>South Park</i> Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #B0161E; border-bottom:1px solid #B0161E"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/14px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/21px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/28px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/17px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/26px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/34px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patrick Joseph Buchanan</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/juː/: 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">bew-<span style="font-size:90%">KAN</span>-ən</i></a>; born November 2, 1938) is an American <a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">paleoconservative</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> author, political commentator, and politician. He was an assistant and special consultant to U.S. presidents <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is an influential figure in the modern <a href="/wiki/Paleoconservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoconservative">paleoconservative</a> movement in America. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">1992</a> and <a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">1996</a>, Buchanan sought the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> presidential nomination. In 1992, he ran against incumbent president <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>, campaigning against Bush's breaking of his "<a href="/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">Read my lips: no new taxes</a>" pledge, as well as his foreign policy, his trade and immigration policy, and his positions on social issues. At the <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992 Republican National Convention</a>, Buchanan delivered his "<a href="/wiki/Culture_war#1991–2001:_Rise_in_prominence" title="Culture war">culture war</a>" speech in support of the nominated President Bush. In 1996, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 1996 presidential campaign">he ran against</a> eventual Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>, but withdrew after getting only 21 percent of Republican primary votes. In <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>, he was the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a>'s presidential nominee. His <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a> centered on <a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionism</a> in foreign affairs, opposition to illegal immigration, and opposition to the outsourcing of manufacturing from free trade. He selected educator and conservative activist <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola Foster</a> as his running-mate. Despite his own terminology of self-identification, expressed in the desire to be called a "supporter of the doctrine of disengagement", his <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy" title="Foreign policy">foreign policy</a> views have been categorized as <a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">isolationist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, he co-founded <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i> magazine and launched a foundation named The American Cause.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has been published in <i><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">The Occidental Observer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a>,</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i>. The original host on <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfire (U.S. TV program)">Crossfire</a></i>, he was a political commentator on the <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> cable network, including the show <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Joe" title="Morning Joe">Morning Joe</a></i> until February 2012, later appearing on <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. Buchanan was also a regular panelist on <i><a href="/wiki/The_McLaughlin_Group" title="The McLaughlin Group">The McLaughlin Group</a></i>. Many of his views, particularly his opposition to <a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">managerial state</a>, echo those of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a> Republicans of the first half of the 20th century. Starting in 2006, Buchanan had been a frequent contributor to <a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a><sup id="cite_ref-splcenter.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splcenter.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VDare_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDare-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until his retirement in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-VDare_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDare-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buchanan was born in Washington, D.C., a son of William Baldwin Buchanan (August 13, 1905, in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> – January 19, 1988 in Washington, D.C.), a <a href="/wiki/Partner_(business_rank)" title="Partner (business rank)">partner</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">accounting firm</a>, and his wife Catherine Elizabeth (Crum) Buchanan (December 23, 1911, in <a href="/wiki/Charleroi,_Pennsylvania" title="Charleroi, Pennsylvania">Charleroi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Washington County, Pennsylvania">Washington County, Pennsylvania</a> – September 18, 1995, in <a href="/wiki/Oakton,_Virginia" title="Oakton, Virginia">Oakton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>), a nurse and a <a href="/wiki/Homemaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Homemaker">homemaker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wargs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wargs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ThomsonGale-Bio_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomsonGale-Bio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan had six brothers (Brian, Henry, James, John, Thomas, and William Jr.) and two sisters (Kathleen Theresa and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Marie_Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Marie Buchanan">Angela Marie, nicknamed Bay</a>). Bay served as <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_United_States" title="Treasurer of the United States">U.S. Treasurer</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>. His father was of <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish</a> ancestry, and his mother was of <a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-wargs_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wargs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a great-grandfather who fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_Army" title="Confederate States Army">Confederate States Army</a>, which is why he is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Confederate_Veterans" title="Sons of Confederate Veterans">Sons of Confederate Veterans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He admires <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">Joseph McCarthy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo-Ironfist_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-Ironfist-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of his Southern ancestry, Buchanan has written:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have family roots in the South, in Mississippi. When the Civil War came, Cyrus Baldwin enlisted and did not survive Vicksburg. William Buchanan of Okolona, who would marry Baldwin's daughter, fought at Atlanta and was captured by General Sherman. William Baldwin Buchanan was the name given to my father and by him to my late brother. As a member of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, I have been to their gatherings. I spoke at the 2001 SCV convention in Lafayette, LA. The Military Order of the Stars and Bars presented me with a battle flag and a wooden canteen like the ones my ancestors carried.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Buchanan was born into a Catholic family and attended <a href="/wiki/Catholic_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic schools">Catholic schools</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a>-run <a href="/wiki/Gonzaga_College_High_School" title="Gonzaga College High School">Gonzaga College High School</a>. As a student at a Catholic college—<a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>—he was in the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a> (ROTC) but did not complete the program. He earned his bachelor's degree in English from Georgetown, and received his draft notice after he graduated in 1960. The District of Columbia draft board exempted Buchanan from military service because of <a href="/wiki/Reactive_arthritis" title="Reactive arthritis">reactive arthritis</a>, classifying him as <a href="/wiki/Class_1-A" class="mw-redirect" title="Class 1-A">4-F</a>. He received a master's degree in journalism from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism" title="Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism">Columbia University</a> in 1962, writing his thesis on the expanding trade between Canada and Cuba.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St._Louis_Globe-Democrat_editorial_writer"><i>St. Louis Globe-Democrat</i> editorial writer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: St. Louis Globe-Democrat editorial writer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buchanan joined the <i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Globe-Democrat" title="St. Louis Globe-Democrat">St. Louis Globe-Democrat</a></i> at age 23. During the first year of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba" title="United States embargo against Cuba">United States embargo against Cuba</a> in 1961, Canada–Cuba trade tripled. The <i>Globe-Democrat</i> published a rewrite of Buchanan's Columbia master's project under the eight-column banner "Canada sells to Red Cuba — And Prospers" eight weeks after Buchanan started at the paper. According to Buchanan's memoir <i>Right from the Beginning</i>, this article was a career milestone. Buchanan later said the embargo strengthened the communist regime and he turned against it.<sup id="cite_ref-NCPA-Trade_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCPA-Trade-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan was promoted to assistant editorial page editor in 1964 and supported <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a>'s presidential campaign. The <i>Globe-Democrat</i> did not endorse Goldwater, and Buchanan speculated there was a clandestine agreement between the paper and President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>. Buchanan recalled: "The conservative movement has always advanced from its defeats ... I can't think of a single conservative who was sorry about the Goldwater campaign."<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo-Ironfist_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-Ironfist-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the foreword (written by Pat Buchanan) in some editions of Goldwater's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">Conscience of a Conservative</a></i>, Buchanan was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a> and wrote press releases for that organization. He served as an executive assistant in the <a href="/wiki/Mudge_Rose_Guthrie_Alexander_%26_Ferdon" title="Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon">Nixon, Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, Alexander, and Mitchell</a> law offices in New York City in 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_for_the_Nixon_White_House">Work for the Nixon White House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Work for the Nixon White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan,_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan%2C_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan%2C_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan%2C_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg/225px-Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan%2C_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan%2C_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg/300px-Portrait_of_Patrick_Buchanan%2C_presidential_aide_-_NARA_-_194638.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1992" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan in 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>The next year, he was the first adviser hired by Nixon's presidential campaign;<sup id="cite_ref-Trialbyfire_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trialbyfire-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he worked primarily as an <a href="/wiki/Opposition_researcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition researcher">opposition researcher</a>. The highly partisan speeches Buchanan wrote were consciously aimed at <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s dedicated supporters, for which his colleagues soon nicknamed him Mr. Inside.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan traveled with Nixon throughout the campaigns of 1966 and 1968. He made a tour of Western Europe, Africa and, in the immediate aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, the Middle East. </p><p>During the course of <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon" title="Presidency of Richard Nixon">Nixon's presidency</a>, Buchanan became entrusted on press relations, policy positions, and political strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early on during Nixon's presidency, Buchanan worked as a <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">assistant and speechwriter</a> for Nixon and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a>. Buchanan coined the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Silent_majority" title="Silent majority">Silent Majority</a>," and helped shape the strategy that drew millions of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> to Nixon. In a 1972 memo, he suggested the White House "should move to re-capture the <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-Establishment</a> tradition or theme in American politics."<sup id="cite_ref-BuchananInc_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuchananInc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daily assignments included developing political strategy, publishing the President's <i>Daily News Summary</i>, and preparing briefing books for news conferences. He accompanied Nixon on his <a href="/wiki/1972_visit_by_Richard_Nixon_to_China" title="1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China">trip to China</a> in 1972 and the summit in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yalta" title="Yalta">Yalta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a> in 1974. He suggested that Nixon label Democratic opponent <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> an extremist and burn the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_tapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Watergate tapes">White House tapes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Greatrighthope_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greatrighthope-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan later argued that Nixon would have survived the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a> with his reputation intact if he had burnt the tapes.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buchanan remained as a special assistant to Nixon through the final days of the Watergate scandal. He was not accused of wrongdoing, though some mistakenly suspected him of being <a href="/wiki/Deep_Throat_(Watergate)" title="Deep Throat (Watergate)">Deep Throat</a>. In 2005 when the actual identity of the press leak was revealed as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> Associate Director <a href="/wiki/W._Mark_Felt" class="mw-redirect" title="W. Mark Felt">Mark Felt</a>, Buchanan called him "sneaky," "dishonest" and "criminal."<sup id="cite_ref-Feltnohero_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feltnohero-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of his role in the Nixon campaign's "attack group," Buchanan appeared before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">Senate Watergate Committee</a> on September 26, 1973. He told the panel: "The mandate that the American people gave to this president and his administration cannot, and will not, be frustrated or repealed or overthrown as a consequence of the incumbent tragedy".<sup id="cite_ref-Greatrighthope_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greatrighthope-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Nixon resigned in 1974, Buchanan briefly stayed on as special assistant under incoming President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>. Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Alexander Haig</a> offered Buchanan his choice of three open ambassador posts, including <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, for which Buchanan opted. President Ford initially signed off on the appointment, but then rescinded it after it was prematurely reported in the <i>Evans-Novak Political Report</i> and caused controversy, especially among the U.S. diplomatic corps.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buchanan remarked about <a href="/wiki/Watergate" class="mw-redirect" title="Watergate">Watergate</a>: "The lost opportunity to move against the political forces frustrating the expressed national will ... To effect a political counterrevolution in the capital— ... there is no substitute for a principled and dedicated man of the <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right</a> in the Oval Office".<sup id="cite_ref-Greatrighthope_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greatrighthope-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Long after his resignation, Nixon called Buchanan a confidant and said he was neither a <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racist</a> nor an <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemite</a> nor a bigot or "hater," but a "decent, patriotic American." Nixon said Buchanan had "some strong views," such as his "isolationist" foreign policy, with which he disagreed. While Nixon did not think Buchanan should become president, he said the commentator "should be heard."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to a memo President Nixon sent to <a href="/wiki/John_Ehrlichman" title="John Ehrlichman">John Ehrlichman</a> in 1970, Nixon characterized Buchanan's attitude towards integration as "<a href="/wiki/Segregation_now" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregation now">segregation forever</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Nixon's re-election in 1972, Buchanan himself had written in a memo to Nixon suggesting he should not "fritter away his present high support in the nation for an ill-advised governmental effort to forcibly integrate races."<sup id="cite_ref-SalonTapper_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalonTapper-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="News_commentator">News commentator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: News commentator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bush_Contact_Sheet_P08010_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bush_Contact_Sheet_P08010_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Bush_Contact_Sheet_P08010_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bush_Contact_Sheet_P08010_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bush_Contact_Sheet_P08010_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Bush_Contact_Sheet_P08010_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="426" data-file-height="282" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan greeting President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> in 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Buchanan returned to his column and began regular appearances as a broadcast host and political commentator. He co-hosted a three-hour daily radio show with liberal columnist <a href="/wiki/Tom_Braden" title="Tom Braden">Tom Braden</a> called the <i>Buchanan-Braden Program</i>. He delivered daily commentaries on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> radio from 1978 to 1984. Buchanan started his TV career as a regular on <i><a href="/wiki/The_McLaughlin_Group" title="The McLaughlin Group">The McLaughlin Group</a></i> and CNN's <i><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfire (U.S. TV program)">Crossfire</a></i> (inspired by <i>Buchanan-Braden</i>) and <i>The Capital Gang</i>, making him nationally recognizable. His several stints on <i>Crossfire</i> occurred between 1982 and 1999; his sparring partners included Braden, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kinsley" title="Michael Kinsley">Michael Kinsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Press" title="Bill Press">Bill Press</a>. </p><p>Buchanan was a regular panelist on <i><a href="/wiki/The_McLaughlin_Group" title="The McLaughlin Group">The McLaughlin Group</a></i>. He appeared most Sundays alongside <a href="/wiki/John_McLaughlin_(host)" title="John McLaughlin (host)">John McLaughlin</a> and the more liberal Newsweek journalist <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Clift" title="Eleanor Clift">Eleanor Clift</a>. His columns are syndicated nationally by <a href="/wiki/Creators_Syndicate" title="Creators Syndicate">Creators Syndicate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_for_the_Reagan_White_House">Work for the Reagan White House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Work for the Reagan White House"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pat_Buchanan_1985b_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pat_Buchanan_1985b_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Pat_Buchanan_1985b_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pat_Buchanan_1985b_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Pat_Buchanan_1985b_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Pat_Buchanan_1985b_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Pat_Buchanan_1985b_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan in 1985</figcaption></figure> <p>Buchanan served as <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Communications Director</a> from February 1985 to March 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a speech to the <a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Broadcasters" title="National Religious Broadcasters">National Religious Broadcasters</a> in 1986, Buchanan said of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan administration</a>: "Whether President Reagan has charted a new course that will set our compass for decades—or whether history will see him as the conservative interruption in a process of inexorable national decline—is yet to be determined".<sup id="cite_ref-Greatrighthope_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greatrighthope-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A year later, he remarked that "the greatest vacuum in American politics is to the right of <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Greatrighthope_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greatrighthope-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While her brother was working for Reagan, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Buchanan" title="Bay Buchanan">Bay Buchanan</a> started a "Buchanan for President" movement in June 1986. She said the conservative movement needed a leader, but Buchanan was initially ambivalent.<sup id="cite_ref-Greatrighthope_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greatrighthope-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After leaving the White House, he returned to his column and <i>Crossfire</i>. Out of respect for <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a> he sat out the 1988 race, although Kemp later became his adversary.<sup id="cite_ref-BuchananInc_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BuchananInc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_campaigns">Political campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Political campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992_presidential_primaries">1992 presidential primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1992 presidential primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">1992 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patbuchanan.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Patbuchanan.gif/220px-Patbuchanan.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Patbuchanan.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="80" /></a><figcaption>Logo used for Buchanan's 1992 and 1996 campaigns</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee,_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/220px-Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/330px-Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg/440px-Conservative_politician_Pat_Buchanan_at_the_Capitol_in_Tallahassee%2C_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan at the <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_Capitol" title="Florida State Capitol">Florida State Capitol</a> in 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>Buchanan was highly critical of the foreign and economic policies of the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">George H.W. Bush administration</a>, particularly Bush's breaking of his 1988 "<a href="/wiki/Read_my_lips:_no_new_taxes" title="Read my lips: no new taxes">Read my lips: no new taxes</a>" pledge.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_92_reflection_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_92_reflection-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990, Buchanan published a newsletter called <i>Patrick J. Buchanan: From the Right</i>; it sent subscribers a bumper sticker reading: "Read Our Lips! No new taxes."<sup id="cite_ref-1990_sticker_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1990_sticker-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">1992 Republican Party presidential primaries</a>, Buchanan challenged Bush in his bid for re-nomination by the Republican Party, launching his campaign in December 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan failed to win any primaries, but finished a strong second in the New Hampshire primary and was regarded as forcing Bush to walk back his economic policies.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_92_reflection_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_92_reflection-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trib2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trib2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Buchanan campaign ran a number of radio and TV spots criticizing Bush's policies; in one, Buchanan accused Bush of being a "trade wimp", while another attacked him for presiding over the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment of the Arts</a>, which he said "invested our tax dollars in pornographic and blasphemous art too shocking to show."<sup id="cite_ref-Tongues1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tongues1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, Buchanan explained his reasons for challenging the incumbent, President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If the country wants to go in a liberal direction, if the country wants to go in the direction of [Democrats] <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George Mitchell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a>, it doesn't bother me as long as I've made the best case I can. What I can't stand are the back-room deals. They're all in on it, the insider game, the establishment game—this is what we're running against.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo-Ironfist_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-Ironfist-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>He ran on a platform of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">immigration reduction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">social conservatism</a>, including opposition to <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">gay rights</a>. Buchanan challenged Bush (whose popularity was waning) when he won 38% of the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>. In the primary elections, Buchanan garnered three million total votes or 23% of the vote. </p><p>Buchanan later threw his support behind Bush and delivered an address at the <a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">1992 Republican National Convention</a>, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a> speech, in which he described "a religious war going on in our country for the soul of America."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the speech, he said of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The agenda Clinton & Clinton would impose on America—abortion on demand, a <a href="/wiki/Litmus_test_(politics)" title="Litmus test (politics)">litmus test for the Supreme Court</a>, homosexual rights, discrimination against religious schools, women in combat units—that's change, all right. But it is not the kind of change America needs. It is not the kind of change America wants. And it is not the kind of change we can abide in a nation we still call God's country.<sup id="cite_ref-Culturewarspeech_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Culturewarspeech-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Buchanan also said, in reference to the then recently held <a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 Democratic National Convention</a>, "Like many of you last month, I watched that giant masquerade ball at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a>—where 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radicals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberals</a> came dressed up as <a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">moderates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrists</a>—in the greatest single exhibition of cross-dressing in American political history."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contents of Buchanan's speech prompted his detractors to claim that the speech alienated moderate voters from the <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">Bush-Quayle ticket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS-BacksBush_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-BacksBush-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The newspaper columnist <a href="/wiki/Molly_Ivins" title="Molly Ivins">Molly Ivins</a> wrote: "Many people did not care for Pat Buchanan's speech; it probably sounded better in the original German."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Off_the_campaign_trail">Off the campaign trail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Off the campaign trail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buchanan returned to his column and <i>Crossfire</i>. To promote the principles of <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a>, traditional values, and anti-intervention, he founded The American Cause, a conservative educational foundation, in 1993. <a href="/wiki/Bay_Buchanan" title="Bay Buchanan">Bay Buchanan</a> serves as the <a href="/wiki/Vienna,_Virginia" title="Vienna, Virginia">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">VA</a>-based foundation's president and Pat is its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-AboutAmericanCause_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AboutAmericanCause-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buchanan returned to radio as host of <i>Buchanan and Company</i>, a three-hour talk show for <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System" title="Mutual Broadcasting System">Mutual Broadcasting System</a> on July 5, 1993. It pitted him against liberal co-hosts, including <a href="/wiki/Barry_W._Lynn" title="Barry W. Lynn">Barry Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Beckel" title="Bob Beckel">Bob Beckel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthews" title="Chris Matthews">Chris Matthews</a>, in a time slot opposite <a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Rush Limbaugh</a>'s show. To launch his 1996 campaign, Buchanan left the program on March 20, 1995. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1996_presidential_primaries">1996 presidential primaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1996 presidential primaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1996">Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1996</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 1996 presidential campaign">Pat Buchanan 1996 presidential campaign</a></div> <p>Buchanan again ran for the Republican nomination in 1996. He was endorsed by conservative <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Phyllis Schlafly</a>, among others. </p><p>In February, the liberal <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Public_Integrity" title="Center for Public Integrity">Center for Public Integrity</a> issued a report claiming Buchanan's presidential campaign co-chairman, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Pratt" title="Larry Pratt">Larry Pratt</a>, appeared at two meetings organized by <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">militia</a> leaders. Pratt denied any tie to racism, calling the report an orchestrated smear before the New Hampshire primary. Buchanan told the conservative <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">Union Leader</a></i> he believed Pratt. Pratt took a leave of absence "to answer these charges," "so as not to have distraction in the campaign."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the February <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>, Buchanan defeated front-runner <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> by about 3,000 votes. Buchanan won three other states (<a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>), and finished only slightly behind Dole in the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa caucus">Iowa caucus</a>. His insurgent campaign used his soaring rhetoric to mobilize grass-roots right-wing opinion against what he saw as the bland <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a> establishment (personified by Dole) which he believed had controlled the party for years. At a rally later in <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a>, he said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We shocked them in Alaska. Stunned them in Louisiana. Stunned them in Iowa. They are in a terminal panic. They hear the shouts of the peasants from over the hill. All the knights and barons will be riding into the castle pulling up the drawbridge in a minute. All the peasants are coming with pitchforks. We're going to take this over the top.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?103023-1/the-great-betrayal"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Buchanan on <i>The Great Betrayal</i>, May 17, 1998</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a> primaries Dole defeated Buchanan by large margins. Having collected only 21%, or 3.1 million, of the total votes in Republican primaries, Buchanan suspended his campaign in March. He declared that, if Dole were to choose a <a href="/wiki/Pro-choice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-choice">pro-choice</a> running mate, he would run as the US Taxpayers Party (now <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a>) candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dole chose <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a>, and he received Buchanan's endorsement. After the 1996 campaign, Buchanan returned to his column and <i>Crossfire</i>. He also began a series of books with 1998's <i>The Great Betrayal</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_presidential_campaign">2000 presidential campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2000 presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_(United_States)_presidential_primaries,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2000">Reform Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_presidential_campaign,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Pat Buchanan presidential campaign, 2000">Pat Buchanan presidential campaign, 2000</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg/250px-Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg/375px-Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg/500px-Buchanan_Reform_2000.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="132" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Buchanan announced his departure from the Republican Party in October 1999, disparaging them (along with the Democrats) as a "<a href="/wiki/Beltway" class="mw-redirect" title="Beltway">beltway</a> party." He sought the nomination of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a>. Many reformers backed <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> physicist <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a>, whose platform was based on <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a>. Party founder <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> did not endorse either candidate for the Reform Party's nomination. (In late October 2000, Perot publicly endorsed <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, but Perot's 1996 running-mate, <a href="/wiki/Pat_Choate" title="Pat Choate">Pat Choate</a>, would go on to endorse Buchanan.) </p><p>Supporters of Hagelin charged the results of the party's open primary, which favored Buchanan by a wide margin, were "tainted." The Reform Party divisions led to dual conventions being held simultaneously in separate areas of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach Convention Center">Long Beach Convention Center</a> complex. Both conventions' delegates ignored the primary ballots and voted to nominate their presidential candidates from the floor, similar to the Democratic and Republican conventions. One convention nominated Buchanan while the other backed Hagelin, with each camp claiming to be the legitimate Reform Party. </p><p>Ultimately, when the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Elections Commission</a> ruled Buchanan was to receive ballot status as the Reform candidate, as well as about $12.6 million in federal campaign funds secured by Perot's showing in the <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 election</a>, Buchanan won the nomination. In his acceptance speech, Buchanan proposed <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States withdrawal from the United Nations">US withdrawal from the United Nations</a> and expelling the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">United Nations Headquarters</a> from New York, abolishing the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">taxes on inheritance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_gains_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Capital gains tax in the United States">capital gains</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">affirmative action</a> programs. </p><p>As his running mate, Buchanan chose African American activist and retired teacher from Los Angeles, <a href="/wiki/Ezola_B._Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezola B. Foster">Ezola B. Foster</a>. Buchanan was supported in this election run by future <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a> presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a>, who said in 2008 he supported Buchanan in 2000 because "he was for fair trade over <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>. He had some <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> positions that I thought would be helpful to the common man."<sup id="cite_ref-indy_weekly_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy_weekly-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 19, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Right_to_Life_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Right to Life Party">New York Right to Life Party</a>, in convention, chose Buchanan as their nominee, with 90% of the districts voting for him.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a campaign speech at <a href="/wiki/Bob_Jones_University" title="Bob Jones University">Bob Jones University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, South Carolina</a>, Buchanan attempted to rally his conservative base: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a> have all been expelled from the public schools. <a href="/wiki/Christmas_carols" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas carols">Christmas carols</a> are out. Christmas holidays are out. The latest decision of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> said that children in stadiums or young people in high school games are not to speak an inspirational moment for fear they may mention God's name, and offend an <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a> in the grandstand ... We may not succeed, but I believe we need a new fighting conservative traditionalist party in America. I believe, and I hope that one day we can take America back. That is why we are building this <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>'s army and heading for <a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a>, to do battle for the Lord.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>, Buchanan finished fourth with 449,895 votes, 0.4% of the popular vote. (Hagelin garnered 0.1% as the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a> candidate.) In <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach County, Florida</a>, Buchanan received 3,407 votes—which some saw as inconsistent with <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Beach County">Palm Beach County</a>'s liberal leanings, its large Jewish population and his showing in the rest of the state. Bush spokesman <a href="/wiki/Ari_Fleischer" title="Ari Fleischer">Ari Fleischer</a> stated, "Palm Beach county is a Pat Buchanan stronghold and that's why Pat Buchanan received 3,407 votes there." Reform Party officials strongly disagreed, estimating the number of supporters in the county at between 400 and 500. Appearing on <i>The Today Show</i>, Buchanan said: "When I took one look at that ballot on <a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Night</a> ... it's very easy for me to see how someone could have voted for me in the belief they voted for <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palm Beach County's <a href="/wiki/Butterfly_ballot" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfly ballot">butterfly ballot</a> is credited with misdirecting over 2,000 votes from Al Gore to Pat Buchanan, tipping Florida — and the 2000 U.S. presidential election — to George W. Bush.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some observers said his campaign was aimed at spreading his message beyond his white conservative and <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> base, while his views had not changed.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_presidential_elections">Later presidential elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Later presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the 2000 election, Reform Party members urged Buchanan to take an active role within the party. Buchanan declined, though he did attend their 2001 convention. In the next few years, he identified himself as a political independent, choosing not to align himself with what he viewed as the <a href="/wiki/Neo-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-conservative">neo-conservative</a> Republican party leadership. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 election</a>, Buchanan announced he once again identified himself as a Republican, declared that he had no interest in ever running for president again, and reluctantly endorsed <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">Bush's 2004 reelection</a>, writing: "Bush is right on taxes, judges, sovereignty, and values. <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a> is right on nothing".<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buchanan also endorsed Republican presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>, stating in an article that "Obama offers more of the stalemate America has gone through for the past two years" while "Romney alone offers a possibility of hope and change."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buchanan supported the nomination of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, who ran on many of the same positions that Buchanan ran on twenty years prior, as Republican presidential candidate for the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_media_activities">Later media activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Later media activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MSNBC_commentator">MSNBC commentator</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: MSNBC commentator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buchananinterview.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Buchananinterview.JPG/250px-Buchananinterview.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Buchananinterview.JPG/330px-Buchananinterview.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Buchananinterview.JPG/500px-Buchananinterview.JPG 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan being interviewed in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Although CNN decided not to take him back, Buchanan's column resumed.<sup id="cite_ref-Wapo-050106_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wapo-050106-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A longer variation of the <i><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossfire (U.S. TV program)">Crossfire</a></i> format was aired by <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> as <i><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_%26_Press" title="Buchanan & Press">Buchanan & Press</a></i> on July 15, 2002, reuniting Buchanan and Press. Billed as "the smartest hour on television", <i>Buchanan and Press</i> featured the duo interviewing guests and sparring about the top news stories. As the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> loomed, Buchanan and Press toned down their rivalry, as they both opposed the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Press claims they were the first cable hosts to discuss the planned attack.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MSNBC Editor-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nachman" title="Jerry Nachman">Jerry Nachman</a> once jokingly lamented this unusual situation: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>So the point is why does only <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox [News Channel]</a> get this? At least, we work at the perfect place, the place that's fiercely independent. We try to have balance by putting you two guys together and then this <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_syndrome" title="Stockholm syndrome">Stockholm syndrome</a> love fest set in between the two of you, and we no longer even have robust debate.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Just hours after his talk show debuted, Buchanan was a guest on the premiere of MSNBC's short-lived <i>Donahue</i> program. Host <a href="/wiki/Phil_Donahue" title="Phil Donahue">Phil Donahue</a> and Buchanan debated the separation of church and state. Buchanan called Donahue "dictatorial"<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said that the host got his job through affirmative action.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MSNBC President Eric Sorenson canceled <i>Buchanan & Press</i> on November 26, 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan stayed at MSNBC as a political analyst. He regularly appeared on the network's talk shows. He occasionally filled in on the nightly show <i><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Country" title="Scarborough Country">Scarborough Country</a></i> during its run on MSNBC. Buchanan also was a frequent guest and co-host of <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Joe" title="Morning Joe">Morning Joe</a></i> as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Hardball_with_Chris_Matthews" title="Hardball with Chris Matthews">Hardball</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rachel_Maddow_Show_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rachel Maddow Show (TV series)">The Rachel Maddow Show</a></i>. </p><p>In September 2009, Buchanan wrote an MSNBC opinion column arguing that <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> did not want war and the Allied powers' actions were unnecessary. The article was removed from the website after MSNBC was urged to do so in a public statement by the <a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Democratic_Council" title="National Jewish Democratic Council">National Jewish Democratic Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan had used the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">German invasion of Poland</a> to argue that the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> should not have <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1939)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939)">declared war</a> on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This revived charges of antisemitism and helping to legitimize <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a>. </p><p>In October 2011, Buchanan was indefinitely suspended from MSNBC as a contributor after the publication of his book <i>Suicide of a Superpower</i>. One of the book's chapters is titled, "The End of White America."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The minority advocacy group <a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a> had urged MSNBC to fire him over alleged racial slurs.<sup id="cite_ref-20120117_suspension_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20120117_suspension-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced on February 16, 2012, that MSNBC's connection with Buchanan had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_American_Conservative_magazine"><i>The American Conservative</i> magazine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The American Conservative magazine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></div> <p>In 2002, Buchanan partnered with former <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> editorial page editor <a href="/wiki/Scott_McConnell" title="Scott McConnell">Scott McConnell</a> and journalist <a href="/wiki/Taki_Theodoracopulos" title="Taki Theodoracopulos">Taki Theodoracopulos</a> to found <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i>, a new magazine intended to promote <a href="/wiki/Traditional_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional conservative">traditional conservative</a> viewpoints on economic, immigration and foreign policies. The first issue was dated October 7, 2002. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="VDARE">VDARE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: VDARE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2006 until his retirement in 2023,<sup id="cite_ref-VDare_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDare-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan had been a frequent contributor to <a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> website and blog founded by anti-immigration activist and <a href="/wiki/Paleo-conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleo-conservative">paleo-conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a>. VDARE is considered a <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a> news source by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-splcenter.org_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splcenter.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VDare_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDare-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antisemitism_allegations">Antisemitism allegations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Antisemitism allegations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1991, a 40,000-word article by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">William F. Buckley Jr.</a> was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i> discussing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> among conservative commentators focused largely on Buchanan; the article and many responses to it were collected in the book <i>In Search of Anti-Semitism</i> (1992). He wrote: "I find it impossible to defend Pat Buchanan against the charge that what he did and said during the period under examination amounted to anti-Semitism",<sup id="cite_ref-Newsweek1991_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek1991-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but concluded: "If you ask, do I think Pat Buchanan is an anti-Semite, my answer is he is not one. But I think he's said some anti-Semitic things."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League" title="Anti-Defamation League">Anti-Defamation League</a> has described Buchanan as an "unrepentant bigot" who "repeatedly demonizes Jews and minorities and openly affiliates with white supremacists."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an article for <i>The Washington Post</i> in March 1992, conservative columnist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Charles Krauthammer</a> suggested: "The real problem with Buchanan ... is not that his instincts are antisemitic but that they are, in various and distinct ways, fascistic."<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo19920301_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo19920301-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "There's no doubt," said Krauthammer in 1999 when contacted for a <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></i> article, "he makes subliminal appeals to prejudice." He added: "The interesting thing is how he can say these things and still be considered a national figure."<sup id="cite_ref-SalonTapper_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalonTapper-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan denies assertions that he is an <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemite</a>, and some of his fellow journalists, including <a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Murray Rothbard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Germond" title="Jack Germond">Jack Germond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Hunt" title="Al Hunt">Al Hunt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Shields" title="Mark Shields">Mark Shields</a>, have defended him against the charge.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nazi_war_criminals">Nazi war criminals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Nazi war criminals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo19900920_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo19900920-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan began to defend Cleveland auto-worker <a href="/wiki/John_Demjanjuk" title="John Demjanjuk">John Demjanjuk</a> against the charge that Demjanjuk was a Nazi war criminal nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Ivan_the_Terrible_(Treblinka_guard)" title="Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard)">Ivan the Terrible</a>" responsible for the mass murder of Jews at <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a>. In 1986, while he was a senior figure in the Reagan administration, he was highly critical of the charges brought by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Special_Investigations_(United_States_Department_of_Justice)" title="Office of Special Investigations (United States Department of Justice)">Office of Special Investigations</a> (OSI), the Nazi war crimes unit of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a>. He claimed Demjanjuk was the victim of mistaken identity and possibly the victim of a deliberate <a href="/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">frame-up</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following year, while still a member of the administration, he made unofficial attempts to stop the deportation of suspected <a href="/wiki/Nazi_war_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi war crimes">Nazi war criminals</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>, including Estonian <a href="/wiki/Karl_Linnas" title="Karl Linnas">Karl Linnas</a> as well as Demjanjuk.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Z._Rosensaft" title="Menachem Z. Rosensaft">Menachem Z. Rosensaft</a>, in a <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a>, described Buchanan's "oft-expressed sympathy for a host of Nazi criminals" like Linnas as being "a constitutionally protected perversion."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan referred to such cases as being pursued by "revenge-obsessed <a href="/wiki/Nazi_hunter" title="Nazi hunter">Nazi hunters</a>" in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a member of the Reagan White House, he was accused of having suppressed the Reagan Justice Department's investigation into Nazi scientists brought to America by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Operation Paperclip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, Allan Ryan Jr., a former head of the OSI said Buchanan's accusation of <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> involvement in the Demjanjuk case was "an absolutely cockamamie theory." Ryan accused Buchanan of being "the spokesman for Nazi war criminals in America." <a href="/wiki/Neal_Sher" title="Neal Sher">Neal Sher</a>, OSI head in 1990 said Buchanan had never contacted them, even when he was a government official. "He essentially took what was fed him by our opponents, sometimes Holocaust-deniers, and just regurgitated it," Sher told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo19900920_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo19900920-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1993, however, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> overturned Demjanjuk's war crimes conviction and sentence of <a href="/wiki/Death_by_hanging" class="mw-redirect" title="Death by hanging">death by hanging</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice" title="Miscarriage of justice">miscarriage of justice</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Mistaken_identity" title="Mistaken identity">mistaken identity</a>. Demjanjuk then returned to the United States to fight the revocation of his American citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following an elderly Demjanjuk's re-arrest and extradition to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Republic of Germany">Federal Republic of Germany</a> in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menachem Z. Rosensaft in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg" title="Jeffrey Goldberg">Jeffrey Goldberg</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>, objected to an outraged Buchanan again accusing the case of being a frame-up and comparing Demjanjuk to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus Christ</a> and calling him an "American <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Dreyfuss</a>. [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>]" This was alleged by Goldberg as an example of the libel that the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_deicide" title="Jewish deicide">Jews as a whole</a> killed Christ.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Describing Buchanan's comparison as "strikingly offensive" and an attempt to "revive the charge of <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a>" against Jews, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Wehner" title="Peter Wehner">Peter Wehner</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></i> magazine: "Rarely do you find such an obscene mix of blasphemy and bigotry, and all in less than 900 words."<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demjanjuk was later convicted of being an <a href="/wiki/Accessory_(legal_term)" title="Accessory (legal term)">accessory to the murder</a> of 28,000 Jewish prisoners at the <a href="/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp" title="Sobibor extermination camp">Sobibor extermination camp</a>. Demjanjuk died in 2012, while the verdict had been overturned and was pending appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bitburg_visit_by_President_Reagan">Bitburg visit by President Reagan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bitburg visit by President Reagan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buchanan supported President Reagan's plan to visit a German military cemetery at <a href="/wiki/Bitburg_controversy" title="Bitburg controversy">Bitburg</a> in 1985, where among buried <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> soldiers were the graves of 48 <a href="/wiki/Waffen_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Waffen SS">Waffen SS</a> members. At the insistence of German Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Kohl" title="Helmut Kohl">Helmut Kohl</a> and over the vocal objections of <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> groups, the trip went ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1992 interview, <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a> described attending a <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> meeting of Jewish leaders about the trip: "The only one really defending the trip was Pat Buchanan, saying, 'We cannot give the perception of the President being subjected to Jewish pressure.'"<sup id="cite_ref-WashingtonPost-1992_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WashingtonPost-1992-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan accused Wiesel of fabricating the story in an <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> interview in 1992: "I didn't say it and Elie Wiesel wasn't even in the meeting ... That meeting was held three weeks before the Bitburg summit was held. If I had said that, it would have been out of there within hours and on the news."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comments_on_the_Holocaust">Comments on the Holocaust</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Comments on the Holocaust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 1990 column for the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i>, Buchanan wrote that it was impossible for 850,000 Jews to be killed by <a href="/wiki/Diesel_exhaust" title="Diesel exhaust">diesel exhaust</a> fed into the gas chamber at Treblinka in a return to his interest in the Demjanjuk case. "<a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engines</a> do not emit enough <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> to kill anybody," he wrote. <i>The Washington Post</i> cited experts to the effect that there is more than sufficient carbon monoxide present in the fumes to speedily asphyxiate victims, causing their death.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo19900920_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo19900920-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan once argued Treblinka "was not a <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">death camp</a> but a transit camp used as a 'pass-through point' for prisoners". In fact, historians have estimated that some 900,000 Jews were murdered at <a href="/wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp" title="Treblinka extermination camp">Treblinka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">George Will</a> challenged him on the issue on TV in December 1991, Buchanan did not reply.<sup id="cite_ref-Newsweek1991_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek1991-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comments_about_Israel">Comments about Israel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Comments about Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the context of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, on August 26, 1990, Buchanan appeared on <i><a href="/wiki/The_McLaughlin_Group" title="The McLaughlin Group">The McLaughlin Group</a></i> and said: "there are only two groups that are beating the drums for war in the Middle East – the Israeli defense ministry and its 'amen corner' in the United States." Buchanan on <i>The McLaughlin Group</i> on June 15, 1990, asserted: "Capitol Hill is Israeli occupied territory".<sup id="cite_ref-ADLprofile_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ADLprofile-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also said in the August 1990 program: "The Israelis want this war desperately because they want the United States to destroy the Iraqi war machine. They want us to finish them off. They don't care about our relations with the Arab world."<sup id="cite_ref-JTA19900831_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTA19900831-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/A._M._Rosenthal" title="A. M. Rosenthal">A. M. Rosenthal</a>, in an article for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> explicitly accused Buchanan of antisemitism on the grounds that he had used the word "Israelis" as a cover for Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Foxman" title="Abraham Foxman">Abraham Foxman</a>, the director of the ADL, compared Buchanan's comments to insinuations made during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> "that Jews were the only ones who sought American entry in the war against Nazi Germany".<sup id="cite_ref-JTA19900831_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JTA19900831-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holocaust survivor <a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Elie Wiesel</a> in September 1990 said Buchanan "leaves the memory of Jewish victims in such disdain; a man who always takes the side of those accused of being killers; a man who is constantly criticizing Israel; a man who always has something nasty to say about the Jewish people".<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo19900920_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo19900920-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Park_jogger_case">Central Park jogger case</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Central Park jogger case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a 1989 column, Buchanan called for the public hanging in Central Park of a 16-year-old black teenager and the <a href="/wiki/Horsewhipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Horsewhipping">horsewhipping</a> of four other younger <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> teenagers for allegedly raping a white jogger in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Five" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park Five">Central Park Five</a> case.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20190530_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20190530-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also called for the civilizing of "barbarians" by putting the "fear of death" in them. Robert C. Smith, professor of political science at <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a>, characterized the column as racist.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The five teenagers were convicted, but their charges were later withdrawn, when in 2002 a man said he acted alone and <a href="/wiki/DNA_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA testing">DNA testing</a> affirmed his guilt.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20190530_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20190530-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All sentences of the Central Park Five were vacated that same year, 13 years after Buchanan called for the public hanging and horsewhipping.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20190530_93-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20190530-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg/170px-Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg/255px-Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg/340px-Shelley_Scarney_Pat_Buchanon_wife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="1565" /></a><figcaption>Buchanan's wife Shelley in 1996</figcaption></figure> <p>Buchanan married <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> staffer Shelley Ann Scarney in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-Creatorsabout_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Creatorsabout-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a <a href="/wiki/Tabby_cat" title="Tabby cat">tabby cat</a> named Gipper, who reportedly would sit on Buchanan's lap during staff meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-Info_Please_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Info_Please-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buchanan identifies as a <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">traditionalist Catholic</a> who attends Mass in the <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_form_of_the_Roman_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Extraordinary form of the Roman Rite">extraordinary form of the Roman Rite</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and strongly defended <i><a href="/wiki/Summorum_Pontificum" title="Summorum Pontificum">Summorum Pontificum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Pat_Buchanan" title="Electoral history of Pat Buchanan">Electoral history of Pat Buchanan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/objects/6488/a-firing-line-debate-resolved-that-the-senate-should-ratif?ctx=547045f921b2e9666c6df428a8eeb7851f766fd1&idx=1">"A Firing Line Debate: Resolved: That the Senate Should Ratify the Proposed Panama Canal Treaties."</a> <a href="/wiki/Firing_Line_(TV_program)" title="Firing Line (TV program)"><i>Firing Line</i> with William F. Buckley, Jr.</a> (January 13, 1978)</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1973" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (1973), <i>The New Majority: President Nixon at Mid-Passage</i>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/632575">632575</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Majority%3A+President+Nixon+at+Mid-Passage&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F632575&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1975" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/conservativevote0000buch"><i>Conservative Votes, Liberal Victories: Why the Right Has Failed</i></a>, Quadrangle/New York Times Book Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8129-0582-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8129-0582-2"><bdi>0-8129-0582-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservative+Votes%2C+Liberal+Victories%3A+Why+the+Right+Has+Failed&rft.pub=Quadrangle%2FNew+York+Times+Book+Company&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-8129-0582-2&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fconservativevote0000buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1988" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (December 25, 1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rightfrombeginni00patr"><i>Right from the Beginning</i></a>, Boston: Little, Brown, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-11408-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-11408-1"><bdi>0-316-11408-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right+from+the+Beginning&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1988-12-25&rft.isbn=0-316-11408-1&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frightfrombeginni00patr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1998" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatbetrayalhow00buch"><i>The Great Betrayal: How American Sovereignty and Social Justice Are Being Sacrificed to the Gods of the Global Economy</i></a>, Little, Brown, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-11518-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-11518-5"><bdi>0-316-11518-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Betrayal%3A+How+American+Sovereignty+and+Social+Justice+Are+Being+Sacrificed+to+the+Gods+of+the+Global+Economy&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-316-11518-5&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatbetrayalhow00buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1999" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (1999), <a href="/wiki/A_Republic,_Not_an_Empire:_Reclaiming_America%27s_Destiny" class="mw-redirect" title="A Republic, Not an Empire: Reclaiming America's Destiny"><i>A Republic, Not an Empire: Reclaiming America's Destiny</i></a>, Regnery Pub., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-272-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-272-X"><bdi>0-89526-272-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Republic%2C+Not+an+Empire%3A+Reclaiming+America%27s+Destiny&rft.pub=Regnery+Pub.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-89526-272-X&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2002" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buchanan-pat-the-death-of-the-west"><i>The Death of the West: How Dying Populations and Immigrant Invasions Imperil Our Country and Civilization</i></a>, New York USA: St. Martin's Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-28548-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-28548-5"><bdi>0-312-28548-5</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48123033">48123033</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Death+of+the+West%3A+How+Dying+Populations+and+Immigrant+Invasions+Imperil+Our+Country+and+Civilization&rft.place=New+York+USA&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48123033&rft.isbn=0-312-28548-5&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuchanan-pat-the-death-of-the-west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2004" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whererightwentwr00buch"><i>Where the Right Went Wrong: How Neoconservatives Subverted the Reagan Revolution and Hijacked the Bush Presidency</i></a>, St. Martin's Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-34115-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-34115-6"><bdi>0-312-34115-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+the+Right+Went+Wrong%3A+How+Neoconservatives+Subverted+the+Reagan+Revolution+and+Hijacked+the+Bush+Presidency&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-312-34115-6&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhererightwentwr00buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Buchanan, Patrick J. (2006). <a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency_(book)" title="State of Emergency (book)"><i>State of Emergency: The Third World Invasion and Conquest of America</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books" title="Thomas Dunne Books">Thomas Dunne Books</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/69594056">69594056</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-36003-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-36003-7">0-312-36003-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/State-of-Emergency-Pat-Buchanan">Full text available</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2007" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (November 27, 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dayofreckoningho00buch"><i>Day of Reckoning: How Hubris, Ideology, and Greed Are Tearing America Apart</i></a>, Macmillan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37696-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-37696-3"><bdi>978-0-312-37696-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Day+of+Reckoning%3A+How+Hubris%2C+Ideology%2C+and+Greed+Are+Tearing+America+Apart&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007-11-27&rft.isbn=978-0-312-37696-3&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdayofreckoningho00buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2008" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (May 27, 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buchanan-pat-churchill-hitler-and-the-unnecessary-war"><i>Churchill, Hitler, and The Unnecessary War: How Britain Lost Its Empire and the West Lost the World</i></a>, New York: Crown, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-40515-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-40515-9"><bdi>978-0-307-40515-9</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/182573642">182573642</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill%2C+Hitler%2C+and+The+Unnecessary+War%3A+How+Britain+Lost+Its+Empire+and+the+West+Lost+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2008-05-27&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182573642&rft.isbn=978-0-307-40515-9&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuchanan-pat-churchill-hitler-and-the-unnecessary-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2011" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (October 18, 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/suicideofsuperpo0000buch"><i>Suicide of a Superpower: Will America Survive to 2025?</i></a>, St. Martin's Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-57997-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-57997-5"><bdi>978-0-312-57997-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suicide+of+a+Superpower%3A+Will+America+Survive+to+2025%3F&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.isbn=978-0-312-57997-5&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuicideofsuperpo0000buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2014" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (January 1, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780553418637"><i>The Greatest Comeback: How Richard Nixon Rose from Defeat to Create the New Majority</i></a>, Crown Forum, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-41863-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-41863-7"><bdi>978-0-553-41863-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Comeback%3A+How+Richard+Nixon+Rose+from+Defeat+to+Create+the+New+Majority&rft.pub=Crown+Forum&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-553-41863-7&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780553418637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2017" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick J. (May 9, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nixonswhitehouse0000buch"><i>Nixon's White House Wars: The Battles That Made and Broke a President and Divided America Forever</i></a>, Crown Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-90284-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-90284-4"><bdi>978-1-101-90284-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nixon%27s+White+House+Wars%3A+The+Battles+That+Made+and+Broke+a+President+and+Divided+America+Forever&rft.pub=Crown+Publishing&rft.date=2017-05-09&rft.isbn=978-1-101-90284-4&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnixonswhitehouse0000buch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_speeches">Major speeches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Major speeches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141005032823/http://buchanan.org/blog/1992-republican-national-convention-speech-148">1992 Republican National Convention keynote</a>, August 17, 1992</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buchanan.org/blog/1996-announcement-speech-171">The Cultural War for the Soul of America</a>, September 14, 1992</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182450/http://www.4president.org/speeches/buchanan1996announcement.htm">1996 campaign announcement</a>, March 20, 1995</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/election/buchanan_2-29.html">1996 campaign speech</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114151019/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/election/buchanan_2-29.html">Archived</a> November 14, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Georgia primary stump speech February 29, 1996</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321221221/http://www.chuckbaldwinlive.com/read.freetrade.html">Free Trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Council_on_Global_Affairs" title="Chicago Council on Global Affairs">Chicago Council on Foreign Relations</a> speech November 18, 1998</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212936/http://www.4president.org/speeches/buchanan2000announcement.htm">2000 campaign announcement</a>, March 2, 1999</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008152411/http://www.buchanan.org/pa-99-0405-china-commonwealth-club.html">A Time for Truth about China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Club_of_California" title="Commonwealth Club of California">Commonwealth Club</a> speech April 5, 1999</li> <li>To Reunite a Nation, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum">Richard Nixon Library</a> speech on immigration January 18, 2000</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009062301/http://www.buchanan.org/pa-00-0812-speechnomination.html">2000 Reform Party nomination acceptance</a>, August 12, 2000</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116001625/http://www.commonwealthclub.org/archive/02/02-01buchanan-speech.html">Death of The West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Club_of_California" title="Commonwealth Club of California">Commonwealth Club</a> speech January 14, 2002</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selected_articles">Selected articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Selected articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realchange.org/hitler.htm"><i>A Lesson in Tyranny Too Soon Forgotten</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span>, August 25, 1977</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Lesson+in+Tyranny+Too+Soon+Forgotten&rft.date=1977-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realchange.org%2Fhitler.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realchange.org/holocaus.htm"><i><span></span>'Ivan The Terrible' – More Doubts</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span>, Real Change, March 17, 1990</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Ivan+The+Terrible%27+%E2%80%93+More+Doubts&rft.pub=Real+Change&rft.date=1990-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realchange.org%2Fholocaus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Ghostbusting the Smoot-Hawley Ogre</i> (column), October 20, 1993</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ghostbusting+the+Smoot-Hawley+Ogre&rft.date=1993-10-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081008152430/http://www.buchanan.org/pa-95-0612.html"><i>Time for Economic Nationalism</i></a>, June 12, 1995, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buchanan.org/pa-95-0612.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on October 8, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+for+Economic+Nationalism&rft.date=1995-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buchanan.org%2Fpa-95-0612.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511153332/http://www.buchanan.org/pma-99-1105-wallstjl.html">"Response to Norman Podhoretz"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>, November 5, 1999, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buchanan.org/pma-99-1105-wallstjl.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(letter)</span> on May 11, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Response+to+Norman+Podhoretz&rft.date=1999-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buchanan.org%2Fpma-99-1105-wallstjl.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110212185441/http://www.theamericancause.org/patsadsuicide.htm"><i>The Sad Suicide of Admiral Nimitz</i></a>, January 18, 2002, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/patsadsuicide.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on February 12, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sad+Suicide+of+Admiral+Nimitz&rft.date=2002-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fpatsadsuicide.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518000426/http://www.theamericancause.org/pattruefascists.htm"><i>True Fascists of the New Europe</i></a>, April 30, 2002, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/pattruefascists.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on May 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=True+Fascists+of+the+New+Europe&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fpattruefascists.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105221904/http://amconmag.com/03_24_03/cover.html">"Whose War?"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="American Conservative">American Conservative</a></i>, March 24, 2003, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amconmag.com/03_24_03/cover.html">the original</a> on January 5, 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Conservative&rft.atitle=Whose+War%3F&rft.date=2003-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amconmag.com%2F03_24_03%2Fcover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720232846/http://www.amconmag.com/08_11_03/cover.html">"The Death of Manufacturing"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="American Conservative">American Conservative</a></i>, August 11, 2003, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amconmag.com/08_11_03/cover.html">the original</a> on July 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Conservative&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+Manufacturing&rft.date=2003-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amconmag.com%2F08_11_03%2Fcover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"The Death of the West", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080569"><i>NBC News</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(book excerpt)</span>, MSN, October 30, 2003</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Death+of+the+West&rft.btitle=NBC+News&rft.pub=MSN&rft.date=2003-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna3080569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004005625/http://www.theamericancause.org/patculturewars.htm"><i>The Aggressors in the Culture Wars</i></a>, March 8, 2004, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/patculturewars.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on October 4, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aggressors+in+the+Culture+Wars&rft.date=2004-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fpatculturewars.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091228135500/http://www.theamericancause.org/patwhatdoweoffertheworldprint.htm"><i>What Do We Offer the World?</i></a>, May 19, 2004, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/patwhatdoweoffertheworldprint.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on December 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 21,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Do+We+Offer+the+World%3F&rft.date=2004-05-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fpatwhatdoweoffertheworldprint.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725113627/http://www.theamericancause.org/print/071806_print.htm"><i>Where are the Christians?</i></a>, July 18, 2006, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/print/071806_print.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on July 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+are+the+Christians%3F&rft.date=2006-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fprint%2F071806_print.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080822052636/http://www.buchanan.org/blog/?p=969"><i>PJB: A Brief For Whitey</i></a>, March 21, 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buchanan.org/blog/?p=969">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span> on August 22, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PJB%3A+A+Brief+For+Whitey&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buchanan.org%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/08/blowback_from_bear_baiting.html"><i>Blowback From Bear Baiting</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(column)</span>, August 15, 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blowback+From+Bear+Baiting&rft.date=2008-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F08%2Fblowback_from_bear_baiting.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603184204/http://www.theamericancause.org/patarchives.htm"><i>Several years archives</i></a>, The American cause, September 2001 – May 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/patarchives.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(newspaper columns)</span> on June 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Several+years+archives&rft.pub=The+American+cause&rft.date=2001-09%2F2008-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fpatarchives.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interviews">Interviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Interviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChu2006" class="citation cs2">Chu, Jefferson 'Jeff' (August 20, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930190049/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1229098-1,00.html">"Ten Questions for Pat Buchanan"</a>, <i>Time</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1229098-1,00.html">the original</a> on September 30, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Ten+Questions+for+Pat+Buchanan&rft.date=2006-08-20&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Jefferson+%27Jeff%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1229098-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHannityColmes2006" class="citation cs2">Hannity; Colmes (August 22, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/pat-buchanan-defends-controversial-immigration-comments">"Pat Buchanan Defends Controversial Immigration Comments"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(partial transcript)</span>, <i>News</i>, Fox, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514145121/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,210010,00.html">archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=Pat+Buchanan+Defends+Controversial+Immigration+Comments&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft.au=Hannity&rft.au=Colmes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fpat-buchanan-defends-controversial-immigration-comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKauffman1998" class="citation cs2">Kauffman, William 'Bill' (July–August 1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060105204230/http://www.taemag.com/issues/articleid.16969/article_detail.asp">"Is This the Face of the Twenty-First Century?"</a>, <i>The American Enterprise</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taemag.com/issues/articleid.16969/article_detail.asp">the original</a> on January 5, 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Enterprise&rft.atitle=Is+This+the+Face+of+the+Twenty-First+Century%3F&rft.date=1998-07%2F1998-08&rft.aulast=Kauffman&rft.aufirst=William+%27Bill%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taemag.com%2Fissues%2Farticleid.16969%2Farticle_detail.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLamb1998" class="citation cs2">Lamb, Brian (May 17, 1998), "Buchanan on <i>The Great Betrayal</i>", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108054349/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/103023-1/Patrick+Buchanan.aspx"><i>Booknotes</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/103023-1/Patrick+Buchanan.aspx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(interview)</span> on November 8, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Buchanan+on+The+Great+Betrayal&rft.btitle=Booknotes&rft.date=1998-05-17&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booknotes.org%2FWatch%2F103023-1%2FPatrick%2BBuchanan.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLydon2005" class="citation cs2">Lydon, Christopher (July 7, 2005), "Republicans: Whitman, Buchanan and Terror", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioopensource.org/taking-the-republican-temperature/"><i>Open Source</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(public radio show audio)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Republicans%3A+Whitman%2C+Buchanan+and+Terror&rft.btitle=Open+Source&rft.date=2005-07-07&rft.aulast=Lydon&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioopensource.org%2Ftaking-the-republican-temperature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Slen, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/PatBuch"><i>In Depth with Pat Buchanan</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>, May 2, 2010.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000534/http://fora.tv/fora/showthread.php?t=342"><i><span></span></i>Pat Buchanan discusses his book<i> State of Emergency</i></a>, Book TV, August 24, 2006, archived from the original on September 27, 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pat+Buchanan+discusses+his+book+State+of+Emergency&rft.pub=Book+TV&rft.date=2006-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffora.tv%2Ffora%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2015">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlberta2017" class="citation cs2">Alberta, Tim (April 22, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/04/22/pat-buchanan-trump-president-history-profile-215042">"The Ideas Made It, But I Didn't"</a>, <i>Politico Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Ideas+Made+It%2C+But+I+Didn%27t&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft.aulast=Alberta&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2017%2F04%2F22%2Fpat-buchanan-trump-president-history-profile-215042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A fictional version of Buchanan appears in the 2009 film <i><a href="/wiki/Watchmen_(2009_film)" title="Watchmen (2009 film)">Watchmen</a></i>, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/James_M._Connor" title="James M. Connor">James M. Connor</a>.</li> <li>Buchanan appears as the final boss of the 1992 video game <i><a href="/wiki/GayBlade" title="GayBlade">GayBlade</a></i>.</li> <li>Buchanan was played by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live" title="Saturday Night Live">Saturday Night Live</a></i> parodies of <a href="/wiki/The_McLaughlin_Group" title="The McLaughlin Group">The McLaughlin Group</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/frum/frum031903.asp">"Unpatriotic Conservatives"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100108140516/http://www.nationalreview.com/frum/frum031903.asp">Archived</a> January 8, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">David Frum</a>, April 7, 2003, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-J-Buchanan">"Pat Buchanan Biography & Facts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pat+Buchanan+Biography+%26+Facts&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FPatrick-J-Buchanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArtyukhov2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Artyukhov, A. A. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.tsutmb.ru/a8/upload/2018-04/169-178_%D0%A0%D1%92%D0%A1%D0%82%D0%A1%E2%80%9A%D0%A1%D0%8B%D0%A1%E2%80%A6%D0%A0%D1%95%D0%A0%D0%86.pdf">"Isolationism of Patrick J. Buchanan: Problem of Self-Identification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Tambov University Review: Series Humanities</i> (in Russian). <b>4</b> (132). Tambov, Russia: 176. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2782-5825">2782-5825</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1810-0201">1810-0201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tambov+University+Review%3A+Series+Humanities&rft.atitle=Isolationism+of+Patrick+J.+Buchanan%3A+Problem+of+Self-Identification&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=132&rft.pages=176&rft.date=2014&rft.eissn=2782-5825&rft.issn=1810-0201&rft.aulast=Artyukhov&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.tsutmb.ru%2Fa8%2Fupload%2F2018-04%2F169-178_%25D0%25A0%25D1%2592%25D0%25A1%25D0%2582%25D0%25A1%25E2%2580%259A%25D0%25A1%25D0%258B%25D0%25A1%25E2%2580%25A6%25D0%25A0%25D1%2595%25D0%25A0%25D0%2586.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoley2007" class="citation book cs1">Foley, Michael (2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancredopla00fole"><i>American credo: the place of ideas in US politics</i></a></span>. US: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancredopla00fole/page/n326">318</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923267-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923267-3"><bdi>978-0-19-923267-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+credo%3A+the+place+of+ideas+in+US+politics&rft.place=US&rft.pages=318&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923267-3&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancredopla00fole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-splcenter.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-splcenter.org_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-splcenter.org_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaydenGais2020" class="citation web cs1">Hayden, Michael Edison; Gais, Hannah (December 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2020/12/14/white-nationalists-sought-resumes-trump-white-house-emails-show">"White Nationalists Sought Resumes for Trump White House, Emails Show"</a>. <i>Southern Poverty Law Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St.+Petersburg+Times.com&rft.atitle=Perspective%3A+A+wild+ride+on+the+left&rft.date=2000-07-30&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sptimes.com%2FNews%2F073000%2FPerspective%2FA_wild_ride_on_the_le.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AboutAmericanCause-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AboutAmericanCause_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061110084235/http://www.theamericancause.org/about.htm">"About the Cause"</a>. <i>The American Cause</i>. Patrick 'Pat' Joseph Buchanan. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/about.htm">the original</a> on November 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Cause&rft.atitle=About+the+Cause&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theamericancause.org%2Fabout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"Buchanan Aide Leaves Campaign Amid Charges", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Union_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="The Union Leader">The Union Leader</a></i>, February 16, 1996</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Union+Leader&rft.atitle=Buchanan+Aide+Leaves+Campaign+Amid+Charges&rft.date=1996-02-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnowlton1996" class="citation news cs1">Knowlton, Brian (February 20, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/20/news/20iht-camp.t_11.html?scp=5&sq=pat%20buchanan%20donnybrook&st=cse">"Republicans Wind Up Bare-Fisted Donnybrook in New Hampshire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Republicans+Wind+Up+Bare-Fisted+Donnybrook+in+New+Hampshire&rft.date=1996-02-20&rft.aulast=Knowlton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F02%2F20%2Fnews%2F20iht-camp.t_11.html%3Fscp%3D5%26sq%3Dpat%2520buchanan%2520donnybrook%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPorteous1996" class="citation cs2">Porteous, Skipp (April 1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publiceye.org/ifas/fw/9604/phillips.html">"Howard Phillips on Pat Buchanan"</a>, <i>Freedom Writer</i>, Public Eye</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freedom+Writer&rft.atitle=Howard+Phillips+on+Pat+Buchanan&rft.date=1996-04&rft.aulast=Porteous&rft.aufirst=Skipp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publiceye.org%2Fifas%2Ffw%2F9604%2Fphillips.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indy_weekly-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indy_weekly_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104184456/http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A266409">"Q&A with Socialist Party presidential candidate Brian Moore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Independent_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Weekly">Independent Weekly</a></i>. October 8, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indyweek.com/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A266409">the original</a> on January 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Independent+Weekly&rft.atitle=Q%26A+with+Socialist+Party+presidential+candidate+Brian+Moore&rft.date=2008-10-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indyweek.com%2Fgyrobase%2FContent%3Foid%3Doid%253A266409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020820004727/http://ballot-access.org/2000/0901.html#16"><i>Right To Life Party Picks Buchanan</i></a>, Ballot Access News, August 1, 2000, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2000/0901.html#16">the original</a> on August 20, 2002</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Right+To+Life+Party+Picks+Buchanan&rft.pub=Ballot+Access+News&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fballot-access.org%2F2000%2F0901.html%2316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Timothy Stanley, <i>The Crusader: The Life and Tumultuous Times of Pat Buchanan</i> (<a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>, 2012), pp. 350–351; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-58174-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-58174-9">978-0-312-58174-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showflorida2000.php?fileid=buchanan11-09">"Pat Buchanan on NBC's Today Show"</a>. November 9, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pat+Buchanan+on+NBC%27s+Today+Show&rft.date=2000-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presidency.ucsb.edu%2Fshowflorida2000.php%3Ffileid%3Dbuchanan11-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/butterfly-did-it-aberrant-vote-buchanan-palm-beach-county-florida">"The Butterfly Did It: The Aberrant Vote for Buchanan in Palm Beach County, Florida"</a>. <i>Stanford Graduate School of Business</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Graduate+School+of+Business&rft.atitle=The+Butterfly+Did+It%3A+The+Aberrant+Vote+for+Buchanan+in+Palm+Beach+County%2C+Florida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsb.stanford.edu%2Ffaculty-research%2Fpublications%2Fbutterfly-did-it-aberrant-vote-buchanan-palm-beach-county-florida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHavrilesky1999" class="citation news cs1">Havrilesky, Heather (October 25, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423233336/http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/1999/10/25/buchanan/">"Not standing Pat"</a>. <i>Salon</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.salon.com/news/feature/1999/10/25/buchanan/">the original</a> on April 23, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Not+standing+Pat&rft.date=1999-10-25&rft.aulast=Havrilesky&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.salon.com%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F1999%2F10%2F25%2Fbuchanan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMiller2004" class="citation cs2">Miller, Stephen 'Steve' (September 10, 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/national/20040909-115705-2949r.htm">"Third parties seen as thread to Bush"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Third+parties+seen+as+thread+to+Bush&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen+%27Steve%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnational%2F20040909-115705-2949r.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_J_Buchanan2012" class="citation web cs1">Patrick J Buchanan (October 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasiareview.com/30102012-patrick-buchanan-romney-for-president-oped/">"Patrick Buchanan: Romney For President - OpEd"</a>. Eurasiareview.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrick+Buchanan%3A+Romney+For+President+-+OpEd&rft.pub=Eurasiareview.com&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft.au=Patrick+J+Buchanan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasiareview.com%2F30102012-patrick-buchanan-romney-for-president-oped%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChris_Cillizza2016" class="citation news cs1">Chris Cillizza (January 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/01/12/pat-buchanan-believes-donald-trump-is-the-future-of-the-republican-party/">"Pat Buchanan says Donald Trump is the future of the Republican Party"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pat+Buchanan+says+Donald+Trump+is+the+future+of+the+Republican+Party&rft.date=2016-01-12&rft.au=Chris+Cillizza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F01%2F12%2Fpat-buchanan-believes-donald-trump-is-the-future-of-the-republican-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlberta" class="citation magazine cs1">Alberta, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/04/22/pat-buchanan-trump-president-history-profile-215042">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The Ideas Made It, But I Didn't'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Politico Magazine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>: <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tony+Snow%27s+Washington+Merry-Go-Round&rft.pages=C01&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F04%2F30%2FAR2006043001185.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom, Jordan (June 6, 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/when-news-is-propaganda/">When News Is Propaganda</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321013220/http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/when-news-is-propaganda/">Archived</a> March 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_'Bill'_Press" class="citation web cs1">William 'Bill' Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061107235749/http://www.billpress.com/television.html">"Making Air-Waves"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billpress.com/television.html">the original</a> on November 7, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Making+Air-Waves&rft.au=William+%27Bill%27+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billpress.com%2Ftelevision.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Buchanan and Press</i> (broadcast), November 19, 2002</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buchanan+and+Press&rft.date=2002-11-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan" class="citation cs2">Buchanan, Patrick 'Pat' Joseph, <i>Donahue</i>, MSNBC, <q>Cut it out, Phil. What you want done is, I say no Jewish kid can be put in a Nativity play. What you want done is no Nativity play, no Pledge of Allegiance, no Bible in school, no Ten Commandments. You are dictatorial, Phil. You're a dictatorial liberal and you don't even know it</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donahue&rft.pub=MSNBC&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+%27Pat%27+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAcosta2002" class="citation news cs1">Acosta, Belinda (July 26, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/column?oid=oid%3A98320">"The Phil-ing Station"</a>. <i>The Austin Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Austin+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Phil-ing+Station&rft.date=2002-07-26&rft.aulast=Acosta&rft.aufirst=Belinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austinchronicle.com%2Fgyrobase%2FIssue%2Fcolumn%3Foid%3Doid%253A98320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609171756/http://www.jta.org/news/article/2009/09/03/1007639/njdc-urges-msnbc-to-remove-pat-buchanans-column-defending-hitler">"MSNBC removes Buchanan column defending Hitler"</a>. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. September 3, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jta.org/news/article/2009/09/03/1007639/njdc-urges-msnbc-to-remove-pat-buchanans-column-defending-hitler">the original</a> on June 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MSNBC+removes+Buchanan+column+defending+Hitler&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjta.org%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F2009%2F09%2F03%2F1007639%2Fnjdc-urges-msnbc-to-remove-pat-buchanans-column-defending-hitler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCalderone2009" class="citation cs2">Calderone, Michael (September 3, 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/michaelcalderone/0909/Buchanan_column_removed_from_MSNBC_site.html">"MSNBC removes Buchanan column from site"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(blog)</span>, <i>Politico</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=MSNBC+removes+Buchanan+column+from+site&rft.date=2009-09-03&rft.aulast=Calderone&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fmichaelcalderone%2F0909%2FBuchanan_column_removed_from_MSNBC_site.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2009" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, Patrick 'Pat' Joseph (September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buchanan.org/blog/did-hitler-want-war-2068">"Did Hitler Want War?"</a>. Patrick 'Pat' Joseph Buchanan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+Hitler+Want+War%3F&rft.pub=Patrick+%27Pat%27+Joseph+Buchanan&rft.date=2009-09&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Patrick+%27Pat%27+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuchanan.org%2Fblog%2Fdid-hitler-want-war-2068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHawley2017" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, George (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cup.columbia.edu/book/making-sense-of-the-alt-right/9780231185127"><i>Making Sense of the Alt-Right</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-54600-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-54600-3"><bdi>978-0-231-54600-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-231-54600-3&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcup.columbia.edu%2Fbook%2Fmaking-sense-of-the-alt-right%2F9780231185127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20120117_suspension-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20120117_suspension_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>, January 7, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/07/pat-buchanan-done-msnbc_n_1191701.html?ref=media">MSNBC chief says he hasn't decided whether commentator Pat Buchanan will return to network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035656/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/07/pat-buchanan-done-msnbc_n_1191701.html?ref=media">Archived</a> March 4, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, hosted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, accessed January 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMak2012" class="citation news cs1">Mak, Tim (February 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2012/02/msnbc-axes-pat-buchanan-073014">"Pat Buchanan axed by MSNBC"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Pat+Buchanan+axed+by+MSNBC&rft.date=2012-02-17&rft.aulast=Mak&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2012%2F02%2Fmsnbc-axes-pat-buchanan-073014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsweek1991-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek1991_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek1991_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/1991/12/23/is-pat-buchanan-anti-semitic.html">"Is Pat Buchanan anti-semitic?"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. December 22, 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Is+Pat+Buchanan+anti-semitic%3F&rft.date=1991-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2F1991%2F12%2F23%2Fis-pat-buchanan-anti-semitic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlazer2000" class="citation news cs1">Glazer, Nathan (July 16, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/07/16/specials/buckley-anti.html">"The Enmity Within"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Enmity+Within&rft.date=2000-07-16&rft.aulast=Glazer&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F00%2F07%2F16%2Fspecials%2Fbuckley-anti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChavez2009" class="citation book cs1">Chavez, Linda (April 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cwk5DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT207"><i>An Unlikely Conservative: The Transformation Of An Ex-liber</i></a>. 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Anti-Defamation League. May 21, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adl.org/special_reports/Patrick_Buchanan2/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(special report)</span> on October 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Buchanan+Explained&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.aulast=Krauthammer&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fopinions%2F1992%2F03%2F01%2Fbuchanan-explained%2Fc1cf4bdb-071b-4508-bae2-2422ee3846e4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-01-06-me-1084-story.html">"COLUMN RIGHT/ MURRAY N. ROTHBARD: Buchanan an Anti-Semite? It's a Smear: His enemies labored hard, and brought forth a pitiful mouse"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 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The Reagan White House Helped Keep Them In The U.S."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(news report/book review)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reagan+Joins+Kohl+in+Brief+Memorial+at+Bitburg+Graves&rft.date=1985-05-06&rft.aulast=Weinraub&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F05%2F06%2Finternational%2Feurope%2F06REAG.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WashingtonPost-1992-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WashingtonPost-1992_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDionne1992" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._J._Dionne" title="E. J. Dionne">Dionne, E. 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ADL. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adl.org/special_reports/buchanan_own_words/buchanan_intro.asp">the original</a> on October 26, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pat+Buchanan+in+his+own+words&rft.pub=ADL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adl.org%2Fspecial_reports%2Fbuchanan_own_words%2Fbuchanan_intro.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JTA19900831-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JTA19900831_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JTA19900831_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/1990/08/31/archive/behind-the-headlines-buchanans-latest-anti-israel-slur-may-signal-new-conservative-trend">"Behind the Headlines; Buchanan's Latest Anti-israel Slur May Signal New Conservative Trend"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. August 31, 1990<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Behind+the+Headlines%3B+Buchanan%27s+Latest+Anti-israel+Slur+May+Signal+New+Conservative+Trend&rft.date=1990-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1990%2F08%2F31%2Farchive%2Fbehind-the-headlines-buchanans-latest-anti-israel-slur-may-signal-new-conservative-trend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1990" class="citation news cs1">Rosenthal, A. M. (September 14, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/14/opinion/on-my-mind-forgive-them-not.html">"On My Mind; Forgive Them Not"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+My+Mind%3B+Forgive+Them+Not&rft.date=1990-09-14&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F09%2F14%2Fopinion%2Fon-my-mind-forgive-them-not.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT20190530-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT20190530_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT20190530_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT20190530_93-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2019" class="citation news cs1">Dwyer, Jim (May 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/30/arts/television/when-they-see-us-real-story.html">"The True Story of How a City in Fear Brutalized the Central Park Five"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2022</span>. <q>The victim was white. The accused were black and brown. If 'the eldest of that wolf pack were tried, convicted and hanged in Central Park, by June 1, and the 13- and 14-year-olds were stripped, horsewhipped, and sent to prison,' the columnist Patrick Buchanan wrote, 'the park might soon be safe again for women.' Note for note, without mention of race, Mr. Buchanan and others echoed the historic calls for the public punishment of dark-skinned men thought to have defiled white women.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+True+Story+of+How+a+City+in+Fear+Brutalized+the+Central+Park+Five&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F30%2Farts%2Ftelevision%2Fwhen-they-see-us-real-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1995" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Robert C. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608220005/https://www.sunypress.edu/p-2101-racism-in-the-post-civil-rights.aspx"><i>Racism in the Post-Civil Rights Era</i></a>. State University of New York Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-2438-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-2438-3"><bdi>0-7914-2438-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30625417">30625417</a>. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racism+in+the+Post-Civil+Rights+Era&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30625417&rft.isbn=0-7914-2438-3&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunypress.edu%2Fp-2101-racism-in-the-post-civil-rights.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Creatorsabout-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Creatorsabout_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creators.com/opinion/pat-buchanan-about.html">"About Pat Bunchanan"</a>. Creators Syndicate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Pat+Bunchanan&rft.pub=Creators+Syndicate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creators.com%2Fopinion%2Fpat-buchanan-about.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Info_Please-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Info_Please_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHartman2000" class="citation web cs1">Hartman, Holly (February 4, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126103811/https://www.infoplease.com/us/government/executive-branch/new-first-pets">"New First Pets"</a>. <i>Info Please</i>. Sandbox. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/spot/prespets.html">the original</a> on November 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Info+Please&rft.atitle=New+First+Pets&rft.date=2000-02-04&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fspot%2Fprespets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSean_Salai,_S.J.2014" class="citation web cs1">Sean Salai, S.J. (August 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/content/all-things/remembering-nixons-catholic-coup-interview-pat-buchanan">"Remembering Nixon's Catholic Coup: An Interview with Pat Buchanan"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Nixon%27s+Catholic+Coup%3A+An+Interview+with+Pat+Buchanan&rft.date=2014-08-05&rft.au=Sean+Salai%2C+S.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Fcontent%2Fall-things%2Fremembering-nixons-catholic-coup-interview-pat-buchanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan2007" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, Pat (July 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buchanan.org/blog/pjb-a-triumph-for-traditionalists-798">"A Triumph for Traditionalists"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Triumph+for+Traditionalists&rft.date=2007-07-10&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuchanan.org%2Fblog%2Fpjb-a-triumph-for-traditionalists-798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APat+Buchanan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Andryszewski, Tricia. <i>The Reform Party: Ross Perot and Pat Buchanan</i> (2000) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reformpartyrossp0000andr">online</a></li> <li>Davis, Mark. "'Culture Is Inseparable from Race': Culture Wars from Pat Buchanan to Milo Yiannopoulos." <i>M/C Journal</i> 21.5 (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/view/1484">online</a></li> <li>Lowndes, Joseph. "Populism and race in the United States from George Wallace to Donald Trump." in <i>Routledge handbook of global populism</i> (Routledge, 2018) pp. 190–200.</li> <li>Shapiro, Edward S. "Pat Buchanan and the Jews." <i>Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought</i> 45.2 (1996): 226-235. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA18579341&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=00225762&p=AONE&sw=w">online</a></li> <li>Stanley, Timothy. <i>The crusader: The life and tumultuous times of Pat Buchanan</i> (Macmillan, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crusaderlifetumu00stan">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pat_Buchanan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Pat_Buchanan" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buchanan.org">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL26644A/Patrick_J._Buchanan">Patrick J. Buchanan</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenLibrary" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenLibrary">OpenLibrary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n87944306/">Patrick J. Buchanan</a> at <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Buchanan&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?3578">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/3129179">Patrick J. Buchanan Papers (White House Special Files)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191023202227/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/3129179">Archived</a> October 23, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1969-1972)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%28patrick%20j%20buchanan%29">Works by Patrick J. Buchanan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.lewrockwell.com/buchanan/buchanan-arch.html">Works by Patrick J. Buchanan</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lewrockwell.com/">LewRockwell.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/patarchives.htm">Works by Patrick J. Buchanan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180603184204/http://www.theamericancause.org/patarchives.htm">Archived</a> June 3, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theamericancause.org/">TheAmericanCause.org</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._McManus_Jr." title="Michael A. McManus Jr.">Michael McManus</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House Director of Communications</a> </b><br />1985–1987 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Koehler" title="Jack Koehler">Jack Koehler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pat_Buchanan42" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pat_Buchanan" title="Template:Pat Buchanan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pat_Buchanan" title="Template talk:Pat Buchanan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pat_Buchanan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pat Buchanan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pat_Buchanan42" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pat Buchanan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Republic,_Not_an_Empire" title="A Republic, Not an Empire">A Republic, Not an Empire</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/State_of_Emergency_(book)" title="State of Emergency (book)">State of Emergency</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Hitler,_and_the_Unnecessary_War" title="Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War">Churchill, Hitler, and the Unnecessary War</a></i> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Pat_Buchanan" title="Electoral history of Pat Buchanan">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">2000 presidential campaign</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meatballs_(advertisement)" title="Meatballs (advertisement)">Meatballs</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_%26_Press" title="Buchanan & Press">Buchanan & Press</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GayBlade" title="GayBlade">GayBlade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trust_(advertisement)" title="Trust (advertisement)">Trust</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America303" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Template:Reform Party of the United States of America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Template talk:Reform Party of the United States of America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Reform Party of the United States of America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America303" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party of the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential tickets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Perot</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pat_Choate" title="Pat Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a>/<a href="/wiki/Peter_Camejo" title="Peter Camejo">Camejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Weill" title="Ted Weill">Weill</a>/McEnulty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Barnett" title="Andre Barnett">Barnett</a>/Cross</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">De La Fuente</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>: De La Fuente/Richardson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nicole_Shanahan" title="Nicole Shanahan">Shanahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primaries or convention</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Reform Party presidential primaries">1996 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">2000 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Reform Party presidential primaries">2004 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Reform Party presidential primaries">2008 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Reform Party presidential primaries">2012 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Reform Party presidential primaries">2016 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Reform Party presidential primaries">2020 primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Reform_National_Convention" title="2024 Reform National Convention">2024 convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable<br />individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Verney" title="Russ Verney">Russ Verney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Jesse Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Schunk" title="Mae Schunk">Mae Schunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm" title="Richard Lamm">Richard Lamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Zschau" title="Ed Zschau">Ed Zschau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">Donald Trump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America#Active_state_affiliates" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Parties</a> by <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Party of New York">New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections">List of third-party and independent performances in United States elections</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1988)_1992_United_States_presidential_election_(1996_→)509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1992 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1988)_1992_United_States_presidential_election_(1996_→)509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">← 1988</a>) <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Agran" title="Larry Agran">Larry Agran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Jerry Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin" title="Tom Harkin">Tom Harkin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Harkin_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Harkin 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kerrey" title="Bob Kerrey">Bob Kerrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Paul Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Wilder" title="Douglas Wilder">Douglas Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Woods_(politician)" title="Charles Woods (politician)">Charles Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention" title="1992 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pat Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennie_Rogers" title="Tennie Rogers">Tennie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Stassen" title="Harold Stassen">Harold Stassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1992 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP candidate: <a href="/wiki/James_Stockdale" title="James Stockdale">James Stockdale</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_independent_and_third-party_candidates461" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">third-party</a> candidates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Andre Marrou</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lord" title="Nancy Lord">Nancy Lord</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tompkins_(politician)" title="Mike Tompkins (politician)">Mike Tompkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Lenora_Fulani" title="Lenora Fulani">Lenora Fulani</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b>Maria Elizabeth Muñoz</b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/George_Ormsby_(politician)" title="George Ormsby (politician)">George Ormsby</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/J._Quinn_Brisben" title="J. Quinn Brisben">J. Quinn Brisben</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Garson" title="Barbara Garson">Barbara Garson</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_Warren_(presidential_candidate)" title="James Warren (presidential candidate)">James Warren</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Willie_Mae_Reid" title="Willie Mae Reid">Willie Mae Reid</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE; : ''[[Constitution Party National Convention#1992 Convention|Convention]]''"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Albion_W._Knight_Jr." title="Albion W. Knight Jr.">Albion W. Knight Jr.</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b>Larry Holmes</b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Daniels_(politician)" title="Ronald Daniels (politician)">Ronald Daniels</a></b> (running mate: <b><a href="/wiki/Asiba_Tupahache" title="Asiba Tupahache">Asiba Tupahache</a></b>)</dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1992 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1992 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1992 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1992 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1992)_1996_United_States_presidential_election_(2000_→)532" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1996 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1996 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1996 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1992)_1996_United_States_presidential_election_(2000_→)532" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">← 1992</a>) <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_D._Griffin" title="James D. Griffin">James D. Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Riemers" title="Roland Riemers">Roland Riemers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pat Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dornan" title="Bob Dornan">Bob Dornan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fletcher" title="Arthur Fletcher">Arthur Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Phil Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennie_Rogers" title="Tennie Rogers">Tennie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morry_Taylor" title="Morry Taylor">Morry Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson">Pete Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Choate" title="Pat Choate">Pat Choate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm" title="Richard Lamm">Richard Lamm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Lamm 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_Third-party_and_independent_candidates580" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_Green_Party_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 Green Party National Convention (page does not exist)">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Grassroots_Party" title="Independent Grassroots Party">Independent Grassroots Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Birrenbach" title="John Birrenbach">John Birrenbach</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/George_McMahon_(activist)" title="George McMahon (activist)">George McMahon</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Libertarian_National_Convention#1996" title="1996 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Schiff" title="Irwin Schiff">Irwin Schiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tompkins_(politician)" title="Mike Tompkins (politician)">Mike Tompkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bubar_Kelly" title="Rachel Bubar Kelly">Rachel Bubar Kelly</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis </a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Herb_Titus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Titus">Herb Titus</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett_Blakk" title="Joan Jett Blakk">Joan Jett Blakk</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Feinland" title="Marsha Feinland">Marsha Feinland</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Steve_Michael" title="Steve Michael">Steve Michael</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Peron" title="Dennis Peron">Dennis Peron</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1996 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1996 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1996 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1996 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1996)_2000_United_States_presidential_election_(2004_→)1123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1996)_2000_United_States_presidential_election_(2004_→)1123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">← 1996</a>) <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">General election results</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election in Florida">Florida results</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_George_W._Bush" title="Political positions of George W. Bush">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Bauer" title="Gary Bauer">Gary Bauer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pat Buchanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Orrin Hatch 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Kasich" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of John Kasich">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2000_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Dan Quayle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Dan Quayle 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Bob Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Lieberman" title="Political positions of Joe Lieberman">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley" title="Bill Bradley">Bill Bradley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bradley_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Bradley 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Curtis Frazier</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Titus" title="Herbert Titus">Herb Titus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Green_National_Convention" title="2000 Green National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaskin" title="Stephen Gaskin">Stephen Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kovel" title="Joel Kovel">Joel Kovel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Harry Browne 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Neil_Smith" title="L. Neil Smith">L. Neil Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></b></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pat Buchanan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Pat Buchanan 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ezola_Foster" title="Ezola Foster">Ezola B. Foster</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Nat_Goldhaber" title="Nat Goldhaber">Nat Goldhaber</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Watkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean Watkins">W. Dean Watkins</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Trowe" title="Margaret Trowe">Margaret Trowe</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Gordon_Brown" title="Cathy Gordon Brown">Cathy Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Florida_election_recount_and_legal_proceedings174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_recount_in_Florida" title="2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida">Florida election recount and legal proceedings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Harris" title="Katherine Harris">Katherine Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Boies" title="David Boies">David Boies</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Olson" title="Theodore Olson">Theodore Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Whouley" title="Michael Whouley">Michael Whouley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ginsberg_(lawyer)" title="Benjamin Ginsberg (lawyer)">Benjamin Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Butterworth" title="Bob Butterworth">Bob Butterworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Allbaugh" title="Joe Allbaugh">Joe Allbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Stipanovich" title="Mac Stipanovich">Mac Stipanovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Waters" title="Craig Waters">Craig Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_LePore" title="Theresa LePore">Theresa LePore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Roberts_(politician)" title="Carol Roberts (politician)">Carol Roberts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Election day</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Central_Voter_File" title="Florida Central Voter File">Florida Central Voter File</a> (scrub list)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volusia_error" title="Volusia error">Volusia error</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_(paper)" title="Chad (paper)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot#Design" title="Ballot">Butterfly ballot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath and <br />legal proceedings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida election recount">Florida election recount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_Brothers_riot" title="Brooks Brothers riot">Brooks Brothers riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board_v._Harris_(Harris_I)" title="Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris (Harris I)"><i>Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris</i> (Harris I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore"><i>Gore v. Harris</i> (Harris II)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Palm_Beach_County_Canvassing_Board" title="Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board">Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Recount_(film)" title="Recount (film)">Recount</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_Family_Fortunes:_The_Best_Democracy_Money_Can_Buy" title="Bush Family Fortunes: The Best Democracy Money Can Buy">Bush Family Fortunes</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unprecedented:_The_2000_Presidential_Election" title="Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election">Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_elections,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:United States elections, 2000">Other 2000 elections</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2000 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2000 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="White_House_communications_directors76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:White_House_communications_directors" title="Template:White House communications directors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:White_House_communications_directors" title="Template talk:White House communications directors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:White_House_communications_directors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:White House communications directors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="White_House_communications_directors76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Communications_Director" title="White House Communications Director">White House communications directors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Klein_(journalist)" title="Herb Klein (journalist)">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_W._Clawson" title="Ken W. Clawson">Clawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Lee_Warren" title="Gerald Lee Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margita_White" title="Margita White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gergen" title="David Gergen">Gergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Rafshoon" title="Gerald Rafshoon">Rafshoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ursomarso" title="Frank Ursomarso">Ursomarso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gergen" title="David Gergen">Gergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._McManus_Jr." title="Michael A. McManus Jr.">McManus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Koehler" title="Jack Koehler">Koehler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Griscom" title="Tom Griscom">Griscom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_Maseng_Will" title="Mari Maseng Will">Maseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Demarest_(politician)" title="David Demarest (politician)">Demarest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_D._Tutwiler" title="Margaret D. Tutwiler">Tutwiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stephanopoulos" title="George Stephanopoulos">Stephanopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Gearan" title="Mark Gearan">Gearan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Baer" title="Donald A. Baer">Baer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Lewis" title="Ann Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ucelli" title="Loretta Ucelli">Ucelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Hughes" title="Karen Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bartlett" title="Dan Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolle_Wallace" title="Nicolle Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sullivan_(communications_professional)" title="Kevin Sullivan (communications professional)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Moran" title="Ellen Moran">Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Dunn" title="Anita Dunn">Dunn</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Palmieri" title="Jennifer Palmieri">Palmieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Psaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Spicer</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dubke" title="Michael Dubke">Dubke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Spicer</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scaramucci" title="Anthony Scaramucci">Scaramucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Shine" title="Bill Shine">Shine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Grisham" title="Stephanie Grisham">Grisham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Scavino" title="Dan Scavino">Scavino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bedingfield" title="Kate Bedingfield">Bedingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_LaBolt" title="Ben LaBolt">LaBolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Cheung_(political_advisor)" title="Steven Cheung (political advisor)">Cheung</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/80px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/120px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/160px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149127#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2771" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149127#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2771" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149127#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114622159">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85446829">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/211763/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhmF7yBVjP9MvQFK43G73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118857495">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87944306">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12821999v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12821999v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00920053">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an41407569">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0023235&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p130781940">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/98064461">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000045643&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000046002&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810644253105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007259101205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA11705438?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6d20af0c-e59c-49a3-a4d1-2366e1125b6d">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1454406">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118857495.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118857495">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/056180691">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10572892">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6fq9txj">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, 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