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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Culture_and_the_arts" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Culture</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Geography_and_places" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Geography</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Health_and_fitness" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Health</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#History_and_events" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Mathematics_and_logic" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Mathematics</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Natural_and_physical_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#People_and_self" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">People</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Philosophy_and_thinking" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Philosophy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="THE_PHOENICIA_PORTAL" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em">THE PHOENICIA PORTAL</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_colonisation_en.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Phoenician_colonisation_en.png/550px-Phoenician_colonisation_en.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Phoenician_colonisation_en.png/825px-Phoenician_colonisation_en.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Phoenician_colonisation_en.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="436" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a></b> were an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic-speaking_peoples" title="Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples">ancient Semitic</a> group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">eastern Mediterranean</a>, primarily modern <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. They developed a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">maritime</a> civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from <a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a> in modern <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a>. The Phoenicians extended their cultural influence through trade and colonization throughout the Mediterranean, from <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. </p><p>The Phoenicians directly succeeded the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanites</a>, continuing their cultural traditions following the decline of most major cultures in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Bronze_Age_collapse" title="Late Bronze Age collapse">Late Bronze Age collapse</a> and into the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> without interruption. It is believed that they self-identified as Canaanites and referred to their land as Canaan, indicating a continuous cultural and geographical association. The name <i>Phoenicia</i> is an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Exonym_and_endonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym and endonym">exonym</a> that did not correspond precisely to a cohesive culture or society as it would have been understood natively. Therefore, the division between Canaanites and Phoenicians around 1200 BC is regarded as a modern and artificial division. </p><p>The Phoenicians, known for their prowess in trade, seafaring and navigation, dominated commerce across classical antiquity and developed an expansive maritime trade network lasting over a millennium. This network facilitated cultural exchanges among major <a href="/wiki/Cradle_of_civilization" title="Cradle of civilization">cradles of civilization</a>, such as Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. The Phoenicians established colonies and trading posts across the Mediterranean; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>, a settlement in northwest Africa, became a major civilization in its own right in the seventh century BC. </p><p>The Phoenicians were organized in <a href="/wiki/City-state" title="City-state">city-states</a>, similar to those of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, of which the most notable were <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a>. Each city-state was politically independent, and there is no evidence the Phoenicians viewed themselves as a single nationality. While most city-states were governed by some form of <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">kingship</a>, merchant families probably exercised influence through <a href="/wiki/Oligarchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Oligarchies">oligarchies</a>. After reaching its zenith in the ninth century BC, the Phoenician civilization in the eastern Mediterranean gradually declined due to external influences and conquests. Yet, their presence persisted in the central and western Mediterranean until the <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Carthage" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of Carthage">destruction of Carthage</a> in the mid-second century BC. <span style="font-size:97%;"><b>— Read more about <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Canaanite_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Canaanite religion">mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">language</a></b></span> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:360px;padding:0 0.5em;box-sizing:border-box;flex:1;display:flex;flex-direction:column}@media screen and (max-width:393px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{min-width:0}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:first-child{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column:last-child{padding-right:0}@media screen and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column{padding:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div{flex:1 0 auto}.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container>.flex-columns-column>div.flex-columns-noflex{flex:0}</style><div class="flex-columns-container"><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Featured_article__•_show_anotherA_@media_screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_table:not(.notheme)_.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media_screen_and_(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_table:not(.notheme)_.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}Featured_article_represents_some_of_the_best_content_on_Wikipedia" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Featured_article_.0A.E2.80.A2_show_anotherA_.40media_screen.7Bhtml.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_div:not.28.notheme.29.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_p.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_table:not.28.notheme.29_.tmp-color.7Bcolor:inherit.21important.7D.7D.40media_screen_and_.28prefers-color-scheme:dark.29.7Bhtml.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_div:not.28.notheme.29.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_p.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_table:not.28.notheme.29_.tmp-color.7Bcolor:inherit.21important.7D.7DFeatured_article_represents_some_of_the_best_content_on_Wikipedia"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/23px-Cscr-featured.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/35px-Cscr-featured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/46px-Cscr-featured.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> Featured article • <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Phoenicia&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></small></span></a></span><br /><i><small><small>A <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Featured article</span></a> represents some of the best content on Wikipedia</small></small></i></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtownbeirut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Downtownbeirut.jpg/250px-Downtownbeirut.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Downtownbeirut.jpg/375px-Downtownbeirut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Downtownbeirut.jpg/500px-Downtownbeirut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">The school's exact location is uncertain, but it is thought to have lain just north of <a href="/wiki/Beirut_Central_District#Nejme_Square" title="Beirut Central District">Nejmeh Square</a> (<i>pictured</i>), next to the <a href="/wiki/Saint_George_Greek_Orthodox_Cathedral" title="Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral">Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Law_school_of_Berytus" title="Law school of Berytus">law school of Berytus</a></b> (also known as the <b>law school of Beirut</b>) was a center for the study of <a href="/wiki/Roman_law" title="Roman law">Roman law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Berytus</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, Lebanon). It flourished under the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a> and functioned as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>'s preeminent center of <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a> until its destruction in AD 551. </p><p>The law schools of the Roman Empire established organized repositories of imperial <a href="/wiki/Constitution_(Roman_law)" title="Constitution (Roman law)">constitutions</a> and institutionalized the study and practice of jurisprudence to relieve the busy imperial courts. The archiving of imperial constitutions facilitated the task of <a href="/wiki/Jurist" title="Jurist">jurists</a> in referring to legal <a href="/wiki/Precedent" title="Precedent">precedents</a>. The origins of the law school of Beirut are obscure, but probably it was under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> in the first century. The earliest written mention of the school dates to 238–239 AD, when its reputation had already been established. The school attracted young, affluent Roman citizens, and its professors made major contributions to the <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Juris_Civilis" title="Corpus Juris Civilis">Codex of Justinian</a>. The school achieved such wide recognition throughout the Empire that Beirut was known as the "Mother of Laws". Beirut was one of the few schools allowed to continue teaching jurisprudence when <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Byzantine emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> shut down other provincial law schools. (<b><a href="/wiki/Law_school_of_Berytus" title="Law school of Berytus">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Featured articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Eshmun" title="Temple of Eshmun">Temple of Eshmun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Battle of Drepana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mercenary_War" title="Mercenary War">Mercenary War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus" title="Battle of Cape Ecnomus">Battle of Cape Ecnomus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panormus" title="Battle of Panormus">Battle of Panormus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Battle of the Aegates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lutatius" title="Treaty of Lutatius">Treaty of Lutatius</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_temple_of_Bziza" title="Roman temple of Bziza">Roman temple of Bziza</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adys" title="Battle of Adys">Battle of Adys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River" class="mw-disambig" title="Battle of the Bagradas River">Battle of the Bagradas River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lilybaeum" class="mw-disambig" title="Siege of Lilybaeum">Siege of Lilybaeum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Phoenician_mythology__•_show_another" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Phoenician_mythology_.0A.E2.80.A2_show_another"></span>Phoenician mythology • <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Phoenicia&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:308px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:normal"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yazilikaya52-55.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Yazilikaya52-55.jpg/220px-Yazilikaya52-55.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Yazilikaya52-55.jpg/330px-Yazilikaya52-55.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Yazilikaya52-55.jpg/440px-Yazilikaya52-55.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1477" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Nikkal (second from the left) on the <a href="/wiki/Yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1kaya" title="Yazılıkaya">Yazılıkaya</a> procession relief</div></div></div></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Nikkal" title="Nikkal">Nikkal</a></b> (logographically <sup>d</sup>NIN.GAL, <a href="/wiki/Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">alphabetically</a> 𐎐𐎋𐎍 <i>nkl</i>) or <b>Nikkal-wa-Ib</b> (<i>nkl wib</i>) was a goddess worshiped in various areas of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">ancient Near East</a> west of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>. She was derived from the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_goddess" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian goddess">Mesopotamian goddess</a> <a href="/wiki/Ningal" title="Ningal">Ningal</a>, and like her forerunner was regarded as the spouse of a <a href="/wiki/Moon_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon God">moon god</a>, whose precise identity varied between locations. While well attested in <a href="/wiki/Hurrians" title="Hurrians">Hurrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittite</a> sources, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a>, she is largely absent from documents from the western part of ancient <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/Nikkal" title="Nikkal">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of mythology articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanchuniathon" title="Sanchuniathon">Sanchuniathon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/El_(deity)" title="El (deity)">El (deity)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Astarte</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Adon" title="Adon">Adon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eshmun" title="Eshmun">Eshmun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Melqart" title="Melqart">Melqart</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Resheph" title="Resheph">Resheph</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tanit" title="Tanit">Tanit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dea_Gravida" title="Dea Gravida">Dea Gravida</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hadad" title="Hadad">Hadad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yam_(god)" title="Yam (god)">Yam (god)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moloch" title="Moloch">Moloch</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marqod" class="mw-redirect" title="Marqod">Marqod</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kothar-wa-Khasis" title="Kothar-wa-Khasis">Kothar-wa-Khasis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Heliopolitan_Triad" title="Heliopolitan Triad">Heliopolitan Triad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kotharat" title="Kotharat">Kotharat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anat" title="Anat">Anat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Allatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Allatu">Allatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzid" title="Dumuzid">Dumuzid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Qetesh" title="Qetesh">Qetesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shahar_(god)" title="Shahar (god)">Shahar (god)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shalim" title="Shalim">Shalim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shapash" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapash">Shapash</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taautus" title="Taautus">Taautus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%CA%BDalat_Gebal" class="mw-redirect" title="Baʽalat Gebal">Baʽalat Gebal</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Images" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em">Images</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container" style="max-width:75%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1Map of Phoenician (yellow labels) and Greek (red labels) colonies around 8th to 6th century BC (with German legend) (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 1Map of Phoenician (yellow labels) and Greek (red labels) colonies around 8th to 6th century BC (with German legend) (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg/120px-Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg/180px-Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg/240px-Griechischen_und_ph%C3%B6nizischen_Kolonien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span>Map of Phoenician (yellow labels) and Greek (red labels) colonies around 8th to 6th century BC (with German legend) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2Figure of Ba'al with raised arm, 14th–12th century BC, found at ancient Ugarit (Ras Shamra site), a city at the far north of the Phoenician coast. Musée du Louvre. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 2Figure of Ba'al with raised arm, 14th–12th century BC, found at ancient Ugarit (Ras Shamra site), a city at the far north of the Phoenician coast. Musée du Louvre. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg/65px-Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg/97px-Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg/130px-Baal_Ugarit_Louvre_AO17329.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1658" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span>Figure of <a href="/wiki/Ba%27al" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'al">Ba'al</a> with raised arm, 14th–12th century BC, found at ancient <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> (<i>Ras Shamra</i> site), a city at the far north of the Phoenician coast. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3Face bead; mid-4th–3rd century BC; glass; height: 2.7  cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 3Face bead; mid-4th–3rd century BC; glass; height: 2.7  cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg/90px-Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg/135px-Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg/180px-Glass_face_bead_MET_DP121044.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2882" data-file-height="3842" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span>Face bead; mid-4th–3rd century BC; glass; height: 2.7  cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_(1898-1899).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4A naval action during Alexander the Great's Siege of Tyre (332 BC). Drawing by André Castaigne, 1888–89. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 4A naval action during Alexander the Great's Siege of Tyre (332 BC). Drawing by André Castaigne, 1888–89. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_%281898-1899%29.jpg/83px-A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_%281898-1899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_%281898-1899%29.jpg/124px-A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_%281898-1899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_%281898-1899%29.jpg/166px-A_naval_action_during_the_siege_of_Tyre_by_Andre_Castaigne_%281898-1899%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1539" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span>A naval action during <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(332_BC)" title="Siege of Tyre (332 BC)">Siege of Tyre</a> (332 BC). Drawing by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Castaigne" title="André Castaigne">André Castaigne</a>, 1888–89. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5Earring from a pair, each with four relief faces; late fourth–3rd century BC; gold; overall: 3.5 x 0.6  cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 5Earring from a pair, each with four relief faces; late fourth–3rd century BC; gold; overall: 3.5 x 0.6  cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg/86px-Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg/128px-Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg/171px-Pair_of_gold_earrings_with_four_relief_faces_MET_sf19992896ab2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span>Earring from a pair, each with four relief faces; late fourth–3rd century BC; gold; overall: 3.5 x 0.6  cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6Two bronze fragments from an Assyrian palace gate depicting the collection of tribute from the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Sidon (859–824 BC). British Museum. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 6Two bronze fragments from an Assyrian palace gate depicting the collection of tribute from the Phoenician cities of Tyre and Sidon (859–824 BC). British Museum. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg/120px-Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg/180px-Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg/240px-Assyrian_-_Fragments_of_Bands_from_a_Gate_-_Walters_542335_-_View_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1251" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span>Two bronze fragments from an <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> palace gate depicting the collection of tribute from the Phoenician cities of <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a> (859–824 BC). British Museum. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7Painting by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (1731) titled Young Hannibal Swears Enmity to Rome (from Punic people)"><img alt="Image 7Painting by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (1731) titled Young Hannibal Swears Enmity to Rome (from Punic people)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg/120px-Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg/180px-Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg/240px-Young_Hannibal_Swears_Enmity_to_Rome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1143" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span>Painting by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini (1731) titled <i>Young Hannibal Swears Enmity to Rome</i> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punic people</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8Tomb of King Hiram I of Tyre, located in the village of Hanaouay, in southern Lebanon (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 8Tomb of King Hiram I of Tyre, located in the village of Hanaouay, in southern Lebanon (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg/120px-King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg/180px-King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg/240px-King_Hiram_Of_Tyre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1622" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span>Tomb of <a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">King Hiram I of Tyre</a>, located in the village of <a href="/wiki/Hanaouay" title="Hanaouay">Hanaouay</a>, in southern Lebanon (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_trade_routes_(eng).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9Major Phoenician trade networks (c. 1200–800 BC) (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 9Major Phoenician trade networks (c. 1200–800 BC) (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Phoenician_trade_routes_%28eng%29.svg/120px-Phoenician_trade_routes_%28eng%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Phoenician_trade_routes_%28eng%29.svg/180px-Phoenician_trade_routes_%28eng%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Phoenician_trade_routes_%28eng%29.svg/240px-Phoenician_trade_routes_%28eng%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="917" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span>Major Phoenician trade networks (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1200–800</span> BC) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10aDNA of ancient Mediterranean (incl. 30 Punic) samples clustering with contemporary populations (from Punic people)"><img alt="Image 10aDNA of ancient Mediterranean (incl. 30 Punic) samples clustering with contemporary populations (from Punic people)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg/120px-PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg/180px-PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg/240px-PCA_of_Mediterranean_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_Populations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="747" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><a href="/wiki/Ancient_DNA" title="Ancient DNA">aDNA</a> of ancient Mediterranean (incl. 30 Punic) samples clustering with contemporary populations (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punic people</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11Stela from Tyre with Phoenician inscriptions (c. 4th century BC). National Museum of Beirut. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 11Stela from Tyre with Phoenician inscriptions (c. 4th century BC). National Museum of Beirut. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg/120px-PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg/180px-PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg/240px-PhoenicianStela-4cBC-Tyre-NationalMuseumOfBeirut_03102019RomanDeckert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3641" data-file-height="2349" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><a href="/wiki/Stela" class="mw-redirect" title="Stela">Stela</a> from Tyre with Phoenician inscriptions (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 4th century BC). National Museum of Beirut. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12An Etruscan tomb (c. 350 BC) depicting a man wearing an all-purple toga picta (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 12An Etruscan tomb (c. 350 BC) depicting a man wearing an all-purple toga picta (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg/68px-Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg/103px-Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg/137px-Contemporary_portrayal_of_a_toga_picta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span>An <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> tomb (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 350</span> BC) depicting a man wearing an all-purple <i><a href="/wiki/Toga_picta" class="mw-redirect" title="Toga picta">toga picta</a></i> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13Phoenician metal bowl with hunting scene (8th century BC). The clothing and hairstyle of the figures are Egyptian. At the same time, the subject matter of the central scene conforms with the Mesopotamian theme of combat between man and beast. Phoenician artisans frequently adapted the styles of neighboring cultures. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 13Phoenician metal bowl with hunting scene (8th century BC). The clothing and hairstyle of the figures are Egyptian. At the same time, the subject matter of the central scene conforms with the Mesopotamian theme of combat between man and beast. Phoenician artisans frequently adapted the styles of neighboring cultures. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg/118px-Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg/178px-Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg/237px-Phoenician_-_Bowl_with_Hunting_Scene_-_Walters_57705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1776" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_metal_bowls" title="Phoenician metal bowls">Phoenician metal bowl</a> with hunting scene (8th century BC). The clothing and hairstyle of the figures are Egyptian. At the same time, the subject matter of the central scene conforms with the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> theme of combat between man and beast. Phoenician artisans frequently adapted the styles of neighboring cultures. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14Sicily at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War (from Punic people)"><img alt="Image 14Sicily at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War (from Punic people)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg/120px-Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg/180px-Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg/240px-Sicily_cultures_431bc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span>Sicily at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punic people</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CarthageMap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15Carthaginian sphere of influence 264 BC (from Punic people)"><img alt="Image 15Carthaginian sphere of influence 264 BC (from Punic people)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CarthageMap.png/120px-CarthageMap.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CarthageMap.png/180px-CarthageMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/CarthageMap.png/240px-CarthageMap.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span>Carthaginian sphere of influence 264 BC (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punic people</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 16Female figurines from Tyre (c. 1000–550 BC). National Museum of Beirut. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 16Female figurines from Tyre (c. 1000–550 BC). National Museum of Beirut. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg/120px-FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg/180px-FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg/240px-FemaleFigurines-Tyre-IronAge-II_NationalMuseumOfBeirut_06102019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3207" data-file-height="2299" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 16</span></span>Female figurines from Tyre (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1000–550</span> BC). National Museum of Beirut. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1719th-century depiction of Phoenician sailors and merchants. The importance of trade to the Phoenician economy led to a gradual sharing of power between the King and assemblies of merchant families. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 1719th-century depiction of Phoenician sailors and merchants. The importance of trade to the Phoenician economy led to a gradual sharing of power between the King and assemblies of merchant families. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg/120px-Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg/180px-Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg/240px-Phoenician_Merchants_and_Traders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 17</span></span>19th-century depiction of Phoenician sailors and merchants. The importance of trade to the Phoenician economy led to a gradual sharing of power between the King and assemblies of merchant families. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico,_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_November_11_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 18Phoenician faces. Glass from Olbia, 4th century BC. The bold pools of color and detailed hair give a Greek impression. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 18Phoenician faces. Glass from Olbia, 4th century BC. The bold pools of color and detailed hair give a Greek impression. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico%2C_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_November_11_2016.jpg/120px-0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico%2C_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_November_11_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico%2C_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_November_11_2016.jpg/180px-0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico%2C_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_November_11_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico%2C_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_November_11_2016.jpg/240px-0675_-_Phoenician_glass_necklace_-_Museo_Archeologico%2C_Cagliari_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_November_11_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 18</span></span>Phoenician faces. Glass from Olbia, 4th century BC. The bold pools of color and detailed hair give a Greek impression. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 19Phoenicians build pontoon bridges for Xerxes I of Persia during the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC (1915 drawing by A. C. Weatherstone). (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 19Phoenicians build pontoon bridges for Xerxes I of Persia during the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC (1915 drawing by A. C. Weatherstone). (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg/120px-Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg/180px-Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg/240px-Construction_of_Xerxes_Bridge_of_boats_by_Phoenician_sailors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 19</span></span>Phoenicians build <a href="/wiki/Pontoon_bridge" title="Pontoon bridge">pontoon bridges</a> for <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerxes I of Persia">Xerxes I of Persia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Persian_invasion_of_Greece" title="Second Persian invasion of Greece">second Persian invasion of Greece</a> in 480 BC (1915 drawing by A. C. Weatherstone). (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Abdashtart_I,_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 20Achaemenid-era coin of Abdashtart I of Sidon, who is seen at the back of the chariot, behind the Persian King (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 20Achaemenid-era coin of Abdashtart I of Sidon, who is seen at the back of the chariot, behind the Persian King (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coin_of_Abdashtart_I%2C_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_%282%29.jpg/120px-Coin_of_Abdashtart_I%2C_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coin_of_Abdashtart_I%2C_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_%282%29.jpg/180px-Coin_of_Abdashtart_I%2C_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Coin_of_Abdashtart_I%2C_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_%282%29.jpg/240px-Coin_of_Abdashtart_I%2C_Achaemenid_Phoenicia_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 20</span></span><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a>-era coin of <a href="/wiki/Abdashtart_I" title="Abdashtart I">Abdashtart I</a> of Sidon, who is seen at the back of the chariot, behind the Persian King (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 21Sarcophagus of Ahiram, which bears the oldest inscription of the Phoenician alphabet. National Museum of Beirut. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 21Sarcophagus of Ahiram, which bears the oldest inscription of the Phoenician alphabet. National Museum of Beirut. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg/120px-Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg/180px-Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg/240px-Ahiram_sarcophag_from_Biblos_XIII-XBC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5299" data-file-height="3656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 21</span></span>Sarcophagus of <a href="/wiki/Ahiram" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahiram">Ahiram</a>, which bears the oldest inscription of the Phoenician alphabet. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Beirut" title="National Museum of Beirut">National Museum of Beirut</a>. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonne_a_tharros.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 22Ruins of the Punic and then Roman town of Tharros (from Punic people)"><img alt="Image 22Ruins of the Punic and then Roman town of Tharros (from Punic people)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Colonne_a_tharros.jpg/120px-Colonne_a_tharros.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Colonne_a_tharros.jpg/180px-Colonne_a_tharros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Colonne_a_tharros.jpg/240px-Colonne_a_tharros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 22</span></span>Ruins of the Punic and then Roman town of <a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Punic_people" title="Punic people">Punic people</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murs_Mozia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 23Ruins of the ancient Phoenician city of Motya, Sicily, present-day Italy (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 23Ruins of the ancient Phoenician city of Motya, Sicily, present-day Italy (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Murs_Mozia.jpg/120px-Murs_Mozia.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Murs_Mozia.jpg/180px-Murs_Mozia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Murs_Mozia.jpg/240px-Murs_Mozia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 23</span></span>Ruins of the ancient Phoenician city of <a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 24Oinochoe; 800–700 BC; terracotta; height: 24.1 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City, US) (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 24Oinochoe; 800–700 BC; terracotta; height: 24.1 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City, US) (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg/90px-Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg/135px-Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg/180px-Oinochoe_MET_DP279075.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 24</span></span>Oinochoe; 800–700 BC; terracotta; height: 24.1 cm; <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> (New York City, US) (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 25Phoenician sarcophagi found in Cádiz, Spain, thought to have been imported from the Phoenician homeland around Sidon. Archaeological Museum of Cádiz. (from Phoenicia)"><img alt="Image 25Phoenician sarcophagi found in Cádiz, Spain, thought to have been imported from the Phoenician homeland around Sidon. Archaeological Museum of Cádiz. (from Phoenicia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG/120px-MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG/180px-MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG/240px-MuseoArqueologicoCadiz-P1050192.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 25</span></span>Phoenician <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagi</a> found in Cádiz, Spain, thought to have been imported from the Phoenician homeland around Sidon. Archaeological Museum of Cádiz. (from <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></b>)</div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Good_article_•_show_anotherA_@media_screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_table:not(.notheme)_.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media_screen_and_(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_table:not(.notheme)_.tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}Good_article_meets_a_core_set_of_high_editorial_standards" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Good_article.0A.E2.80.A2_show_anotherA_.40media_screen.7Bhtml.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_div:not.28.notheme.29.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_p.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-night_.mw-parser-output_table:not.28.notheme.29_.tmp-color.7Bcolor:inherit.21important.7D.7D.40media_screen_and_.28prefers-color-scheme:dark.29.7Bhtml.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_div:not.28.notheme.29.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_p.3E.tmp-color.2Chtml.skin-theme-clientpref-os_.mw-parser-output_table:not.28.notheme.29_.tmp-color.7Bcolor:inherit.21important.7D.7DGood_article_meets_a_core_set_of_high_editorial_standards"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/23px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/35px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/46px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Good article • <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Phoenicia&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></small></span></a></span><br /><i><small><small>A <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Good article</span></a> meets a core set of high editorial standards</small></small></i></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Combat" title="Le Dernier Combat"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Dernier Combat</i></span></a></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lə<span class="wrap"> </span>dɛʁnje<span class="wrap"> </span>kɔ̃ba]</a></span>; English: <i lang="en">The Last Battle</i>) is a 1983 French <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic film</a>. It was the first feature film to be directed by <a href="/wiki/Luc_Besson" title="Luc Besson">Luc Besson</a>, and also features <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reno" title="Jean Reno">Jean Reno</a>'s first prominent role. Music for the film was composed by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Serra" title="Éric Serra">Éric Serra</a>. The film was the first of many collaborations between Besson, Reno and Serra. A dark vision of <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic</a> survival, the film was shot in black and white and contains only two words of dialogue. It depicts a world where people have been rendered mute by some unknown incident. (<b><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Combat" title="Le Dernier Combat">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Good articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Beirut" title="National Museum of Beirut">National Museum of Beirut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leptis_Parva" title="Battle of Leptis Parva">Battle of Leptis Parva</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gisco_(died_239_BC)" title="Gisco (died 239 BC)">Gisco (died 239 BC)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Battle of Salamis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ibera" title="Battle of Ibera">Battle of Ibera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hasdrubal,_son_of_Hanno" title="Hasdrubal, son of Hanno">Hasdrubal, son of Hanno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzid" title="Dumuzid">Dumuzid</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ticinus" title="Battle of Ticinus">Battle of Ticinus</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Phoenician_inscriptions_&_language__•_show_another" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Phoenician_inscriptions_.26_language_.0A.E2.80.A2_show_another"></span>Phoenician inscriptions & language • <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Phoenicia&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Baal_Lebanon_inscription" title="Baal Lebanon inscription">Baal Lebanon inscription</a></b>, known as <a href="/wiki/Kanaan%C3%A4ische_und_Aram%C3%A4ische_Inschriften" title="Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften">KAI</a> 31, is a Phoenician inscription found in <a href="/wiki/Limassol" title="Limassol">Limassol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> in eight bronze fragments in the 1870s. At the time of their discovery, they were considered to be the second most important finds in Semitic <a href="/wiki/Palaeography" title="Palaeography">palaeography</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Mesha_stele" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesha stele">Mesha stele</a>. </p><p>It was purchased in 1874–75 by a Limassol merchant named Laniti from a scrap metal dealer, who did not know of their previous provenance. A copy was passed to <a href="/wiki/Julius_Euting" title="Julius Euting">Julius Euting</a>, and after <a href="/wiki/Charles_Simon_Clermont-Ganneau" title="Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau">Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau</a> secured its acquisition by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des Médailles">Cabinet des Médailles</a>, the inscription was published in full by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Ernest Renan</a> in 1877. </p><p>It is particularly notable for having mentioned <a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram I</a>. It is the only Phoenician inscription to suggest a "colonial" system amongst the Phoenician domains. (<b><a href="/wiki/Baal_Lebanon_inscription" title="Baal Lebanon inscription">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598"> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Phoenician inscription articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahiram_sarcophagus" title="Ahiram sarcophagus">Ahiram sarcophagus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Byblian_royal_inscriptions" title="Byblian royal inscriptions">Byblian royal inscriptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_Bust" title="Osorkon Bust">Osorkon Bust</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Baalshillem_Temple_Boy" title="Baalshillem Temple Boy">Baalshillem Temple Boy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cippi_of_Melqart" title="Cippi of Melqart">Cippi of Melqart</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille_Tariff" title="Marseille Tariff">Marseille Tariff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_language" title="Phoenician language">Phoenician language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nora_Stone" title="Nora Stone">Nora Stone</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yehawmilk_Stele" title="Yehawmilk Stele">Yehawmilk Stele</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kanaan%C3%A4ische_und_Aram%C3%A4ische_Inschriften" title="Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften">Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Semiticarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum">Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eshmunazar_II_sarcophagus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eshmunazar II sarcophagus">Eshmunazar II sarcophagus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Did_you_know_(auto-generated)__•_load_new" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.28auto-generated.29_.0A.E2.80.A2_load_new"></span>Did you know <small><small>(auto-generated)</small></small> • <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Phoenicia&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>load new</i></span></small></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/47px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/71px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg/94px-Nuvola_apps_filetypes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>... that the deity of the <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_sanctuary_of_Kharayeb" title="Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb">Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb</a></b> remains unidentified due to the absence of names of specific gods in unearthed inscriptions?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Eshmunazar_II" title="Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II">the sarcophagus</a> of <b><a href="/wiki/Eshmunazar_II" title="Eshmunazar II">Eshmunazar II</a></b>, the Phoenician <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sidon" title="King of Sidon">king of Sidon</a>, is one of only three ancient Egyptian sarcophagi unearthed outside Egypt?</li> <li>... that the discovery of <b><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_metal_bowls" title="Phoenician metal bowls">Phoenician metal bowls</a></b> in 1849 created the entire concept of Phoenician art?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khaznadar" title="Muhammad Khaznadar">Muhammad Khaznadar</a></b><span class="nowrap">'s</span> museum was said to have "surpassed every other museum in the world" in <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Phoenician and Carthaginian antiquities</a>?</li> <li>... that alongside <b><a href="/wiki/Bajo_de_la_Campana_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck">a 7th-century BC Phoenician shipwreck</a></b>, two additional wrecks from various historical periods were unearthed in Bajo de la Campana, situated off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a>, Spain?</li> <li>... that <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> excavations in the historic town of <b><a href="/wiki/Kharayeb" title="Kharayeb">Kharayeb</a></b> revealed a rural settlement with a complex system of cisterns and <a href="/wiki/Phoenician_sanctuary_of_Kharayeb" title="Phoenician sanctuary of Kharayeb">a Phoenician temple</a>?</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/27px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/41px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/54px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lebanon" title="Portal:Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/27px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/41px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/54px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/27px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/54px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/27px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/41px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/54px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Morocco" title="Portal:Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/27px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/41px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/54px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/27px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="27" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/41px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/54px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container 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href="/wiki/File:C_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Category puzzle"><img alt="Category puzzle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/42px-C_Puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/63px-C_Puzzle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/84px-C_Puzzle.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Category puzzle</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: center;"><small>Select [►] to view subcategories</small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenicia" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenicia" title="Category:Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenician_architecture" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_architecture" title="Category:Phoenician architecture">Phoenician architecture</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" 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href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_colonies" title="Category:Phoenician colonies">Phoenician colonies</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Culture_of_Phoenicia" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Phoenicia" title="Category:Culture of Phoenicia">Culture of Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Economy_of_Phoenicia" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Phoenicia" title="Category:Economy of Phoenicia">Economy of Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div 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aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Phoenicia" title="Category:Geography of Phoenicia">Geography of Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Government_of_Phoenicia" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_Phoenicia" title="Category:Government of Phoenicia">Government of Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="History_of_Phoenicia" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Phoenicia" title="Category:History of Phoenicia">History of Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenician_language" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_language" title="Category:Phoenician language">Phoenician language</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenician_people" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_people" title="Category:Phoenician people">Phoenician people</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenician_religion" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_religion" title="Category:Phoenician religion">Phoenician religion</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_Phoenicia" title="Category:Science and technology in Phoenicia">Science and technology in Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenician_sites_in_Lebanon" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_sites_in_Lebanon" title="Category:Phoenician sites in Lebanon">Phoenician sites in Lebanon</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Phoenician-Punic_studies" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician-Punic_studies" title="Category:Phoenician-Punic studies">Phoenician-Punic studies</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Transport_in_Phoenicia" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Phoenicia" title="Category:Transport in Phoenicia">Transport in Phoenicia</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeEmptyBullet"></span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenicia_stubs" title="Category:Phoenicia stubs">Phoenicia stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#36c;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;webkit-border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0;border-radius:0.4em 0.4em 0 0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3APhoenicia%2FWikiProject&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Wikiproject" style="font-weight:300;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif,Helvetica;border:none;font-size:1.1em;padding-bottom:.1em">Wikiproject</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #36c;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:#fff;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0 0 0em 0em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049300">.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox th,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox td,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox-subgroup,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes .navbox tr+tr>.navbox-list,.mw-parser-output .PlainNavboxes 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="WikiProject_Phoenicia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Phoenicia/WikiProject" title="Portal:Phoenicia/WikiProject"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Portal_talk:Phoenicia/WikiProject" title="Portal talk:Phoenicia/WikiProject"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Portal:Phoenicia/WikiProject" title="Special:EditPage/Portal:Phoenicia/WikiProject"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="WikiProject_Phoenicia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phoenicia" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phoenicia">WikiProject Phoenicia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phoenicia/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phoenicia/Members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Phoenicia" title="Category:WikiProject Phoenicia">Project category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phoenicia/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phoenicia/Assessment">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phoenicia/Outreach" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phoenicia/Outreach">Outreach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Announcements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phoenicia/Open_tasks" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phoenicia/Open tasks">Open tasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenicia_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:Phoenicia articles needing attention">Attention needed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Phoenicia/Article_alerts" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Phoenicia/Article alerts">New articles / stubs / DYK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div style="display:block;border:1px solid #ef4135;vertical-align: top; background-color:#ffffff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Wikimedia_and_Wikiportals">Other Wikimedia and Wikiportals</h2></div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/47px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/62px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Phoenicia">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/35px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/53px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/70px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/35px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/53px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/70px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/53px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/70px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Phoenicia" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Phoenicia">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <p><b>Parent portal</b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Lebanon</a></b> </p> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380"> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/35px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/53px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/70px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/35px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/53px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/70px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/35px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/53px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/70px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.25em 0 0.75em 0"><small><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a 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