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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrikan_Frances" title="Hurrikan Frances – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hurrikan Frances" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurac%C3%A1n_Frances" title="Huracán Frances – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Huracán Frances" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uragano_Frances" title="Uragano Frances – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uragano Frances" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouragan_Frances" title="Ouragan Frances – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ouragan Frances" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huragan_Frances" title="Huragan Frances – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Huragan Frances" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furac%C3%A3o_Frances" title="Furacão Frances – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Furacão Frances" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Frances" title="Hurricane Frances – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hurricane Frances" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurrikaani_Frances" title="Hurrikaani Frances – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hurrikaani Frances" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_(%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Френсіс (ураган) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Френсіс (ураган)" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2004</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2004. For other storms of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Frances" title="List of storms named Frances">List of storms named Frances</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1160504542">.mw-parser-output .ib-weather-event .infobox-header>.nowrap{margin:0 8px}</style><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Hurricane Frances</caption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg/220px-Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg/330px-Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg/440px-Frances_2004-08-31_1755Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="7200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Frances near peak intensity north of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> on August 31</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">August 24, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">August 24, 2004</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical</a></th><td class="infobox-data">September 8, 2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">September 10, 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">September 10, 2004</span>)</span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1160504542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #FF738A"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Category 4 major hurricane</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>1-minute sustained</i> (<a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">SSHWS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">NWS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">145 mph (230 km/h)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest pressure</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">935 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">mbar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">hPa</a>); 27.61 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inHg</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data">50</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">$10.1 billion (2004 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a> (particularly Florida)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-2004238N11325">IBTrACS</a><span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746497#P4540" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Part of the <b><a href="/wiki/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2004 Atlantic hurricane season">2004 Atlantic hurricane season</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Hurricane Frances</b> was the second most intense <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> in the Atlantic during 2004 and proved to be very destructive in Florida. It was the sixth <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_naming" title="Tropical cyclone naming">named storm</a>, the fourth hurricane, and the third major hurricane of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2004 Atlantic hurricane season">2004 Atlantic hurricane season</a>. The system crossed the open Atlantic in late August, moving to the north of the Lesser Antilles while strengthening. Its outer bands struck <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> while passing north of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>. The storm's <a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustained_wind" title="Maximum sustained wind">maximum sustained winds</a> peaked at 145 mph (233 km/h), achieving Category 4 on the <a href="/wiki/Saffir-Simpson_Hurricane_Scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale">Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale</a>. As the system's forward motion slowed, the <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a> passed over <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Island" title="San Salvador Island">San Salvador Island</a> and very close to <a href="/wiki/Cat_Island,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Island, Bahamas">Cat Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>. Frances was the first hurricane to impact the entire Bahamian archipelago since 1928 and almost completely destroyed their agricultural economy. </p><p>Frances then passed over the central sections of Florida, three weeks after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Hurricane Charley</a>, causing significant damage to the state's citrus crop, closing major airports and schools, and forcing the cancellation of a collegiate football game. The storm then moved briefly offshore from Florida, into the northeast <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, and made a second U.S. landfall, on the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Panhandle">Florida Panhandle</a>, before accelerating northeast through the eastern United States near the <a href="/wiki/Appalachians" class="mw-redirect" title="Appalachians">Appalachians</a> and into <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a> while weakening. A significant tornado outbreak accompanied the storm across the eastern United States, nearly equaling the outbreak from <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beulah" title="Hurricane Beulah">Hurricane Beulah</a>. Very heavy rains fell in association with this slow-moving and relatively large hurricane, which caused floods in Florida and North Carolina. 50 people died and damages totaled US$10.1 billion (2004 dollars). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_history">Meteorological history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meteorological history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_2004_path.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frances_2004_path.png/275px-Frances_2004_path.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frances_2004_path.png/413px-Frances_2004_path.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Frances_2004_path.png/550px-Frances_2004_path.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="2075" /></a><figcaption>Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Map key</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 51em; width: 100%"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">Saffir–Simpson scale</a></b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6EC1EA; color:black;"> </span> Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4DFFFF; color:black;"> </span> Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFD9; color:black;"> </span> Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD98C; color:black;"> </span> Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9E59; color:black;"> </span> Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF738A; color:black;"> </span> Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A188FC; color:black;"> </span> Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> Unknown </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 20em; width: 100%;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Storm type</b></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/18px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/27px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/36px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/18px-Solid_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/27px-Solid_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/36px-Solid_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></div> <div><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/27px-ArrowUp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/36px-ArrowUp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression</div> </div></div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>A strong tropical wave moved off the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> on August 21.<sup id="cite_ref-TWO1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWO1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moving under the base of the <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical ridge">subtropical ridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it moved westward for several days, remaining disorganized despite favorable conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-TWO3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWO3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thunderstorms associated with the wave finally began organizing on August 24<sup id="cite_ref-TWO2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TWO2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the system became a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Cyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Cyclone">tropical depression</a> early the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-pubadv1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubadv1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Good upper-level outflow was observed in all but the eastern quadrants as the depression continued on its path,<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it strengthened to tropical storm status on August 25, approximately 1,420 miles (2,290 km) east of the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pubadv4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubadv4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tropical storm, now named Frances, further intensified on August 26 in an environment of low vertical <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a> as its track bent to the west-northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frances rapidly intensified, developing an <a href="/wiki/Eye_(cyclone)" title="Eye (cyclone)">eye</a> and reaching hurricane strength late that afternoon.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis5-1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis5-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An approaching upper-level trough caused Frances to move more northwesterly on August 27.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cyclone reached its primary peak intensity of 135 miles per hour (217 km/h) on August 28.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis5-2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis5-2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hurricane turned back to its original westward motion on August 29, as the upper trough moved away the region and the subtropical ridge strengthened to Frances's north.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg/220px-Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg/330px-Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg/440px-Frances_2004-08-27_1402Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>Photo of Hurricane Frances taken by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Fincke" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Fincke">Mike Fincke</a> aboard the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a> on August 27, 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the next day, the hurricane underwent an <a href="/wiki/Eyewall_replacement_cycle" title="Eyewall replacement cycle">eyewall replacement cycle</a>, during which the maximum sustained winds decreased to 115 miles per hour (185 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This weakening trend was short lived, and the storm reintensified during the afternoon of August 30, as vertical wind shear remained low.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The storm continued strengthening as it turned west-northwestward, reaching its peak intensity of 145 miles per hour (233 km/h) on September 2 while 555 miles (893 km) east-southeast of <a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="West Palm Beach, Florida">West Palm Beach, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tropdis9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tropdis9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 2, Frances entered the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, passing directly over <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Island" title="San Salvador Island">San Salvador Island</a> and very close to <a href="/wiki/Cat_Island,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Island, Bahamas">Cat Island</a>. The storm weakened to a Category 3 hurricane by 2 pm, which was initially attributed to inner core processes,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but increasing westerly winds aloft, and the resultant vertical wind shear, was later determined to be the cause.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 3, Frances passed into the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Abaco_Islands" title="Abaco Islands">Abaco Island</a> and directly over <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bahama" title="Grand Bahama">Grand Bahama</a> while continuing to slowly weaken. The storm regained Category 2 hurricane intensity prior to passing over Grand Bahama Island and also slowed in forward speed due to a weakness in the subtropical ridge to its north. Parts of <a href="/wiki/South_Florida" title="South Florida">South Florida</a> began to be affected by <a href="/wiki/Squalls" class="mw-redirect" title="Squalls">squalls</a> and the outer <a href="/wiki/Rainband" title="Rainband">rainbands</a> of the hurricane at this time. Gusts from 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) to as high as 87 miles per hour (140 km/h) were reported from Jupiter Inlet to Miami.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frances moved slowly, between 5 and 10 miles per hour (8.0 and 16.1 km/h), as it crossed the warm <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> between the Bahamas and Florida, leading to the concern that it could restrengthen. However, Frances remained stable at Category 2 intensity with 105 miles per hour (169 km/h) <a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustained_wind" title="Maximum sustained wind">maximum sustained winds</a> while it battered the east coast of Florida between <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pierce,_Florida" title="Fort Pierce, Florida">Fort Pierce</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="West Palm Beach, Florida">West Palm Beach</a> for much of September 4. At 11 pm, the western edge of the eyewall began moving onshore. Because of its large eye, which was roughly 80 miles (130 km) across, and its slow forward motion, the center of circulation remained offshore for several more hours. At 1 am EDT on September 5 (0500 UTC), the center of the broad eye of Frances made <a href="/wiki/Landfall" title="Landfall">landfall</a> along the Florida coast, at the southern end of <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Island_(Florida)" title="Hutchinson Island (Florida)">Hutchinson Island</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sewall%27s_Point,_Florida" title="Sewall's Point, Florida">Sewall's Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jensen_Beach,_Florida" title="Jensen Beach, Florida">Jensen Beach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Port_Salerno,_Florida" title="Port Salerno, Florida">Port Salerno, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late on September 5, Frances picked up speed due to a strengthening high pressure system to its north and crossed the <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida Peninsula</a>, emerging over the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a> near <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a> as a tropical storm. After a short trip over the Gulf of Mexico, Frances made a second landfall near <a href="/wiki/St._Marks,_Florida" title="St. Marks, Florida">St. Marks, Florida</a>. Frances headed inland, weakening to a tropical depression and causing heavy rainfall over the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Southern_states" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Southern states">southern</a> and eastern United States. As Tropical Depression Frances turned northeast,<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States meteorologists at the <a href="/wiki/Hydrometeorological_Prediction_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrometeorological Prediction Center">Hydrometeorological Prediction Center</a> continued issuing advisories on the system until it crossed the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">Canada–United States border</a> into <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, where heavy rainfall also fell.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations">Preparations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png/220px-Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png/330px-Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png/440px-Hurricane_Frances_radar_mosaic.png 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Radar mosaic of Hurricane Frances making landfall on <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Island_(Florida)" title="Hutchinson Island (Florida)">Hutchinson Island</a> near <a href="/wiki/Port_St._Lucie,_Florida" title="Port St. Lucie, Florida">Port St. Lucie, Florida</a>, on September 5</figcaption></figure> <p>A tropical storm watch was issued for Frances for the Leeward Islands during the afternoon of August 29, which was upgraded to a warning that night and expanded to include the islands of <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbuda" title="Barbuda">Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>. A hurricane watch was issued during the night of August 29 for the northern <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, the northern <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culebra,_Puerto_Rico" title="Culebra, Puerto Rico">Culebra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vieques" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieques">Vieques</a>. On the morning of August 30, the hurricane watch for Vieques was downgraded to a tropical storm watch. That afternoon, hurricane watches were changed to tropical storm warnings across Puerto Rico, Culebra, Vieques, British Virgin Islands, and the northern U. S. Virgin Islands while a tropical storm watch was issued for St. Croix while all remaining hurricane watches were dropped. That night, tropical storm watches were issued for eastern portions of the northern coast of the Dominican Republic while a tropical storm warning was issued for Guadeloupe.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on the morning of August 31, tropical storm warnings were dropped for Antigua, Barbuda, Nevis, and St. Kitts while hurricane watches were issued for the southeast Bahamas as well as the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>. Hurricane watches were upgraded to hurricane warnings later that morning. Toward noon, tropical storm warnings were issued for the remainder of the northern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, a hurricane watch was issued for the central Bahamas, while all watches and warnings were dropped for northeast portion of the Dominican Republic and portions of the Lesser Antilles south of the British Virgin Islands. That afternoon, tropical storm warnings were dropped from Puerto Rico eastward. On the morning of September 1, a hurricane watch was issued for the northwest Bahamas while the watch for the central Bahamas was upgraded to a warning. That afternoon, warnings were dropped for the Dominican Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg/220px-Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg/330px-Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg/440px-Frances_2004-09-05_1815Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5200" data-file-height="6800" /></a><figcaption>Hurricane Frances over Florida on September 5</figcaption></figure> <p>On the evening of September 1, hurricane warnings were issued for the northwest Bahamas while hurricane watches were issued for the lower east coast of Florida and tropical storm watches were issued for the Florida Keys. There was the potential for catastrophic damage along Florida's heavily populated east coast, with warnings that damages from Frances could exceed the insured losses of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Hurricane Andrew</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These damage estimates were in anticipation that Frances would strike Florida as a strong Category Four hurricane. Preparations for the storm were stepped up in Florida on September 1. Governor <a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="John F. Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> closed down,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and evacuations of 500,000 people were initially ordered. Eventually 41 counties received evacuation orders, covering 2.8 million residents, the largest evacuation in Florida's history.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state education system also responded to the pending crisis. Many universities across Florida canceled classes. Both the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida" title="University of Central Florida">University of Central Florida</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Florida" title="University of North Florida">University of North Florida</a> told all students to leave their dorms. Evacuation at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">University of South Florida</a> was performed on a dorm-by-dorm basis. <a href="/wiki/Florida_Atlantic_University" title="Florida Atlantic University">Florida Atlantic University</a> was closed for a week and a half. Most schools were shut down from southern <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade County</a> to just south of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida" title="Melbourne, Florida">Melbourne</a> two days before the hurricane. The annual <a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a>-<a href="/wiki/University_of_Miami" title="University of Miami">University of Miami</a> college football game was rescheduled for the following week.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> series between the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Marlins" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Marlins">Florida Marlins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a> was postponed as well.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World" title="Walt Disney World">Walt Disney World</a> closed on September 4 and September 5  —<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only the third time it had closed for a hurricane, but the second time in a month.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early during the morning of September 2, hurricane watches were extended southward to Craig Key. Later that morning, hurricane watches were upgraded to hurricane warnings for the lower east coast of Florida while a hurricane watch and tropical storm warning was raised for most of the Florida Keys and Florida Bay. Hurricane warnings were dropped for the Turks and Caicos Islands late on the morning of September 1 and for the Southeast Bahamas late that night. Late on the morning of September 3, hurricane watches were issued for the northeast coast of Florida, while early that afternoon tropical storm warnings were issued for the same area. Hurricane warnings were dropped for the central Bahamas that afternoon. That night, tropical storm warnings were issued for the southwest coast of the Florida peninsula with watches issued for the northwest Florida peninsula. On the morning of September 4, tropical storm warnings were extended northward to <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Island" title="Anna Maria Island">Anna Maria Island</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> coast. Tropical storm watches were extended northward to <a href="/wiki/St._Marks,_Florida" title="St. Marks, Florida">St. Marks, Florida</a>. That afternoon, hurricane watches were dropped for most of the northwest Bahamas while warnings were extended up the coast to St. Marks, and watches were extended westward to <a href="/wiki/Panama_City,_Florida" title="Panama City, Florida">Panama City, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on morning of September 5, hurricane warnings were downgraded to tropical storm warnings south of <a href="/wiki/Deerfield_Beach,_Florida" title="Deerfield Beach, Florida">Deerfield Beach, Florida</a>, while tropical storm warnings were extended westward through the western Florida Keys. Later that morning, hurricane warnings were issued for most of the northwest Florida coast while hurricane watches were lowered for northeast Florida and hurricane warnings were dropped for the remainder of the northwest Bahamas. That afternoon, all warnings were dropped for southeast Florida south of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter,_Florida" title="Jupiter, Florida">Jupiter Inlet</a>, while the remaining hurricane warnings along the east Florida coast were downgraded to tropical storm warnings. Hurricane warnings along the coast of western Florida were extended southward to Anna Maria Island. Late that night, tropical storm warnings were dropped south of <a href="/wiki/Bonita_Beach,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonita Beach, Florida">Bonita Beach</a> including all the Florida Keys. Early on the morning of September 6, all warnings were dropped in Florida south of <a href="/wiki/Englewood,_Florida" title="Englewood, Florida">Englewood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_Beach,_Florida" title="Cocoa Beach, Florida">Cocoa Beach</a>. Later that morning, hurricane warnings were downgraded to tropical storm warnings between <a href="/wiki/Indian_Pass,_Florida" title="Indian Pass, Florida">Indian Pass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Destin,_Florida" title="Destin, Florida">Destin</a> as well as between Anna Maria Island and the <a href="/wiki/Suwannee_River" title="Suwannee River">Suwannee River</a> while all remaining warnings were dropped south of Anna Maria Island, as well as the Florida east coast and the Georgia coast. That afternoon, all hurricane warnings were downgraded to tropical storm warnings, with all warnings dropped between west of St. Marks and south of the Suwannee river. On the night of September 6, all remaining tropical cyclone warnings were dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The economic effect was felt early, as the storm struck during <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> weekend, traditionally the final summer vacation weekend in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many hotel reservations from <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> to Florida were canceled as people, seeing the destruction caused weeks earlier by Hurricane Charley, decided to avoid the coastal areas for safety. One death in the Bahamas, one in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and five in Florida were directly attributed to the storm. 42 more deaths - 32 in Florida, eight in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, one in the Bahamas and one in Ohio, are indirectly attributed to Frances.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total civilian damage from Frances was determined to be approximately US$8.86 billion (2004 dollars). Add in the estimated US$100 million damage (2004 dollars) done to space and military facilities at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Air Force Base">Patrick Air Force Base</a>, Florida and the total damage was estimated to be about US$9 billion (2004 dollars), making it the fourth costliest hurricane in United States history at that time, behind <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Hurricane Andrew</a> of 1992 and Hurricanes <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan</a> of 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, adjusted for inflation, it became the seventh costliest hurricane for the lower 48 United States.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flooding was also reported in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Minor flooding happened along the banks of the three rivers and more damage was associated with river tributaries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lucayan_Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lucayan Archipelago"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg/220px-Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg/330px-Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg/440px-Frances_2004-09-03_1824Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6200" data-file-height="7800" /></a><figcaption>Hurricane Frances over the Bahamas on September 3</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the hurricane moved close to the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>, only minor impact occurred there. More than a dozen homes sustained damage. One person was rescued after the roof blew off her residence.<sup id="cite_ref-boca_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boca-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Bahamas, between 13 and 17 percent of the non-native <a href="/wiki/Australian_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian pine">Australian pine</a> on <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Island" title="San Salvador Island">San Salvador Island</a> experienced damage, primarily from snapping, though some browning from salt spray was noted.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frances destroyed five homes on the island, while eighty others experienced suffered roof damage.<sup id="cite_ref-info_bulletin_6_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info_bulletin_6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Salvador reported a wind gust of 120 mph (190 km/h), the strongest gust observed in the Bahamas.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The streets of the city capital of <a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau, Bahamas">Nassau</a> were littered with falling trees and satellite dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-boca_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boca-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At nearby <a href="/wiki/Cable_Beach,_Bahamas" title="Cable Beach, Bahamas">Cable Beach</a>, a grocery store completely lost its roof.<sup id="cite_ref-treaster_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaster-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately 50% of residences in <a href="/wiki/Coopers_Town" title="Coopers Town">Coopers Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Abaco" title="North Abaco">North Abaco</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Abaco_Islands" title="Abaco Islands">Abaco Islands</a> sustained damage, with some losing a large amount of their roofs. Additionally, about 20 homes were flooded in <a href="/wiki/Marsh_Harbour" title="Marsh Harbour">Marsh Harbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-info_bulletin_6_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-info_bulletin_6-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several people suffered injuries when the roof of a hospital collapsed in <a href="/wiki/South_Abaco" title="South Abaco">South Abaco</a>; patients were evacuated to Nassau by helicopter.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bahama" title="Grand Bahama">Grand Bahama</a>, several feet of water flooded the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Bahama_International_Airport" title="Grand Bahama International Airport">international airport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Freeport,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeport, Bahamas">Freeport</a>, while about 1 ft (0.30 m) of water covered streets and surrounded homes nearby. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamian member of parliament</a> <a href="/wiki/Obie_Wilchcombe" title="Obie Wilchcombe">Obie Wilchcombe</a> reported that during the eye of the storm, he and others rescued approximately 70 people, who became trapped after storm surge entered their residences on the west end of the island.<sup id="cite_ref-treaster_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaster-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About 75% of the island chain lost power for a few hours during the storm.<sup id="cite_ref-treaster_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-treaster-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insurers and reinsurers estimated industry insured losses at about $300 million (2004 dollars) throughout the Bahamas.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All cool-season vegetable plantings, and the entire banana crop, were lost during Frances. The pineapple crop was significantly impacted by wind damage in <a href="/wiki/Eleuthera" title="Eleuthera">Eleuthera</a>, while the entire fruit crop was lost for similar reasons. The corn crop in <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cat_Island_(Bahamas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Island (Bahamas)">Cat Island</a> was completely lost. Significant poultry losses were experienced.<sup id="cite_ref-bahamasaftermath_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bahamasaftermath-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two people in the Bahamas were killed by the storm, one directly and the other indirectly.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida">Florida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEMA_-_10640_-_Photograph_by_Melissa_Ann_Janssen_taken_on_09-10-2004_in_Florida.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/FEMA_-_10640_-_Photograph_by_Melissa_Ann_Janssen_taken_on_09-10-2004_in_Florida.jpg/220px-FEMA_-_10640_-_Photograph_by_Melissa_Ann_Janssen_taken_on_09-10-2004_in_Florida.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/FEMA_-_10640_-_Photograph_by_Melissa_Ann_Janssen_taken_on_09-10-2004_in_Florida.jpg/330px-FEMA_-_10640_-_Photograph_by_Melissa_Ann_Janssen_taken_on_09-10-2004_in_Florida.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/FEMA_-_10640_-_Photograph_by_Melissa_Ann_Janssen_taken_on_09-10-2004_in_Florida.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption>A severely damaged mobile home in <a href="/wiki/Pahokee,_Florida" title="Pahokee, Florida">Pahokee</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prior to Frances weakening to a tropical storm, hurricane-force winds in Florida extended up to a width of 145 mi (235 km) from the cyclone's center.<sup id="cite_ref-doe.gov_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doe.gov-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest recorded sustained wind speed in Florida was 85 mph (137 km/h) at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Port_Mayaca,_Florida" title="Port Mayaca, Florida">Port Mayaca</a> station. Officially, wind gust observations in the state reached as high as 108 mph (174 km/h) in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pierce,_Florida" title="Fort Pierce, Florida">Fort Pierce</a>, while an identical, unofficial wind gust was reported in <a href="/wiki/Martin_County,_Florida" title="Martin County, Florida">Martin County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, a peak total of 4,270,583 customers across Florida lost electricity.<sup id="cite_ref-doe.gov_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-doe.gov-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, wind damage to citrus groves led to a near total loss near the coast of east-central and southeast Florida between <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida" title="Melbourne, Florida">Melbourne</a>, with lesser damage farther to the west across the <a href="/wiki/Kissimmee_River" title="Kissimmee River">Kissimmee River</a> basin.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between Hurricane Charley and Frances, citrus losses totaled $2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frances also produced heavy rains in the state, peaking at 16.61 in (422 mm) in Kent Grove, near <a href="/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Florida" title="Spring Hill, Florida">Spring Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Florida_Rain_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Florida_Rain-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large portions of west-central and northeast Florida also reported precipitation amounts of at least 10 in (250 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-DR_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DR-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant storm surge impacted both coasts, with a surge up to 5.89 ft (1.80 m) <a href="/wiki/Height_above_mean_sea_level" title="Height above mean sea level">above mean sea level</a> recorded at the <a href="/wiki/St._Lucie_Canal#Locks_and_structures" title="St. Lucie Canal">St. Lucie Lock</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> estimated that storm surge may have reached as high as 8 ft (2.4 m) above ground near <a href="/wiki/Vero_Beach,_Florida" title="Vero Beach, Florida">Vero Beach</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extensive to moderate erosion impacted the Atlantic coast of Florida from Martin County to <a href="/wiki/Volusia_County,_Florida" title="Volusia County, Florida">Volusia County</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fdep_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdep-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup> resulting in substantial damage to 546 structures within the Coastal Building Zone.<sup id="cite_ref-fdep_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdep-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 16">: 16 </span></sup> On the Gulf Coast, however, erosion and coastal flood specifically relating to the storm often became difficult to determine due to Charley less than a month earlier and then Ivan and Jeanne shortly after Frances.<sup id="cite_ref-fdep_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdep-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 82">: 82 </span></sup> </p><p>Frances produced tropical storm-force wind gusts as far south as the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a>. However, only minor damage was reported there.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Florida" title="Southwest Florida">Southwest Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glades_County,_Florida" title="Glades County, Florida">Glades</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hendry_County,_Florida" title="Hendry County, Florida">Hendry</a> recorded sustained tropical storm-force winds and hurricane-force wind gusts.<sup id="cite_ref-miafrances_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miafrances-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former suffered about $25 million in damage – $20 million to crops and $5 million to property.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each county of the <a href="/wiki/Miami_metropolitan_area" title="Miami metropolitan area">Miami metropolitan area</a> – <a href="/wiki/Broward_County,_Florida" title="Broward County, Florida">Broward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_County,_Florida" title="Palm Beach County, Florida">Palm Beach</a> – reported hundreds of thousands of power outages. Significant impacts occurred in parts of South Florida, especially Palm Beach County, where the southern eyewall of Frances crossed as it made landfall farther north.<sup id="cite_ref-miafrances_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miafrances-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rains, including 13.56 in (344 mm) at <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach_International_Airport" title="Palm Beach International Airport">Palm Beach International Airport</a>, caused a large <a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">sinkhole</a> to develop on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">Interstate 95</a>, which closed the highway to traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-newshour_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshour-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roughly 15,000 houses and 2,400 businesses in the county were inflicted some degree of damage. Frances left about $570 million in damage in Palm Beach County, with about $70 million incurred to crops. Broward and Miami-Dade counties suffered about $80 million and $34 million in damages, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-miafrances_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miafrances-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Near the point of its first landfall, few structures were destroyed and ocean overwash across the barrier island was limited, though the extent of the damage far exceeded that of Hurricane Charley.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant tree damage was reported within golf courses along the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Coast" title="Treasure Coast">Treasure Coast</a>, with an average of 300-500 trees experiencing damage per course.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the tri-county region – Martin, <a href="/wiki/Indian_River_County,_Florida" title="Indian River County, Florida">Indian River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Lucie_County,_Florida" title="St. Lucie County, Florida">St. Lucie</a> – hundreds of businesses, homes, and mobile homes suffered destruction, while thousands of other structures experienced various degrees of damage.<sup id="cite_ref-stormdata9_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stormdata9-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The storm inflicted impacts on 1,319 homes in Martin County, 52 of which were destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In St. Lucie County, Frances destroyed the municipal marina in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pierce,_Florida" title="Fort Pierce, Florida">Fort Pierce</a> and several hangars at the <a href="/wiki/Treasure_Coast_International_Airport" title="Treasure Coast International Airport">Treasure Coast International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mlbfrances_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlbfrances-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 1,129 dwellings in the county became uninhabitable.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 3,000 homes and about 50% of businesses were damaged in Indian River County.<sup id="cite_ref-FL_counties_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL_counties-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Property damage in the Treasure Coast totaled approximately $4.5 billion, while roughly $88.8 million in crop damage also occurred in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg/250px-Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg/375px-Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg/500px-Vehicle_Assembly_Building_damage_from_Hurricane_Frances_night_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> lights illuminate the 525 ft (160 m) tall <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>, Florida where workers make repairs on September 30, 2004.</figcaption></figure> <p>Just inland from the Treasure Coast, <a href="/wiki/Okeechobee_County,_Florida" title="Okeechobee County, Florida">Okeechobee County</a> likely experienced sustained hurricane-force winds in most areas. The storm damaged 22,688 homes, nearly 700 of which were demolished.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Osceola_County,_Florida" title="Osceola County, Florida">Osceola County</a>, Frances damaged 69 dwellings and 3 businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FL_counties_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL_counties-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rainfall caused major street flooding in <a href="/wiki/Kissimmee,_Florida" title="Kissimmee, Florida">Kissimmee</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Cloud,_Florida" title="St. Cloud, Florida">St. Cloud</a>, while water entered some workplaces and residences.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Orlando_International_Airport" title="Orlando International Airport">Orlando International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida" title="Orange County, Florida">Orange County</a> reported sustained winds of 54 mph (87 km/h) and gusts up to 69 mph (111 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Across the county, the cyclone damaged some 3,000 homes and 1,600 businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FL_counties_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL_counties-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ground-level wind gusts in <a href="/wiki/Brevard_County,_Florida" title="Brevard County, Florida">Brevard County</a> reached 90 mph (140 km/h) at <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Island_Airport" title="Merritt Island Airport">Merritt Island Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mlbfrances_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlbfrances-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Across the county, Frances damaged 12,130 homes to some degree. Additionally, the storm ripped off 820 4-by-10 foot aluminum panels covering the large <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Charley caused $700,000 damage, Frances's damage was significantly greater. Two external fuel tanks for the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> were in the building but seemed undamaged. The <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle <i>Discovery</i></a>'s hangar was without power.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, Brevard County experienced about $277.6 million in damage,<sup id="cite_ref-FL_counties_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FL_counties-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with more than one-third of that figure, $100 million, incurred to space and military facilities around <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral,_Florida" title="Cape Canaveral, Florida">Cape Canaveral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volusia County was also among those experiencing the most extensive effects. Throughout the county, Frances damaged 478 businesses, 19,958 single-family homes, 4,800 mobile homes, and 1,414 agriculture-related structures. The hurricane left about $238.5 million in damage in the county.<sup id="cite_ref-mlbfrances_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlbfrances-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia">Georgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Georgia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frances dropped significant rain on Florida, Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. The passage of tropical depression Frances into Georgia dumped up to 5 inches (130 mm) of rain onto the state and caused the closings of schools in 56 counties. Across Georgia, winds of 30 to 40 miles per hour (48 to 64 km/h), with gusts to 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) led to the downing of tree branches and power lines.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one point on September 7, a total of 380,000 residences were without power.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significant crop damage was seen, particularly to the cotton and the peanut crops. On average, 30 percent of the crops were lost during Frances.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carolinas">Carolinas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Carolinas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flooding was reported even in the mid-Atlantic and Northeast states, particularly along the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>. A strip of upslope-induced rainfall along the Blue Ridge escarpment produced as much as 23 inches (580 mm) of rain in some areas of western North Carolina as the warm tropical air surged up and over the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-DR_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DR-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flooding along the <a href="/wiki/Swannanoa_River" title="Swannanoa River">Swannanoa River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a> caused a major break in Asheville's water distribution system, leaving the city without water for several days. The <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_River_(Tennessee%E2%80%93North_Carolina)" title="Pigeon River (Tennessee–North Carolina)">Pigeon River</a> flooded in <a href="/wiki/Haywood_County,_North_Carolina" title="Haywood County, North Carolina">Haywood County</a>, leaving many homeless and many businesses closed, including the town hall of <a href="/wiki/Canton,_North_Carolina" title="Canton, North Carolina">Canton</a>. Significant crop damage was seen into North Carolina, which reported $55 million in crop damage.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frances also spawned 101 <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a> from Florida to as far north as <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, shy of the single storm tornado record set during <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beulah" title="Hurricane Beulah">Hurricane Beulah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TCR_13-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power outages affected up to six million people. Over 20 airports closed during the storm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclone</a>, Frances passed through southern <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>. The storm dropped up to 5.39 inches (137 mm),<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> washing out roads and causing localized flooding in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a>. This rainfall smashed all-time rainfall records in a 24-hour period (most of the rain fell in a 6 to 8 hour-period). Ottawa's O-Train <a href="/wiki/Trillium_Line" title="Trillium Line">Trillium Line</a> was halted because of a <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslide</a> that obstructed the railroad corridor. Several major roads in <a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a> and Ottawa were under several inches of water, locally chest-high. More than $45 million (2004 <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CAD</a>; US$41 million) in insured damage was reported in <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-session27_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-session27-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bahamas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frances is the first hurricane to impact the entire archipelago since 1866. On September 4, teams from the Ministry of Works, the Department of Environmental Health Services, the Royal Bahamas Defence Force and the Royal Bahamas Police Force were used to clear roadways of tree debris while utilities attempted to restore power and water in New Providence. The Family Islands were surveyed on September 5 and 6, when it was noted that major damage occurred within the island group. Telecommunications were restored to most of the island chain within 24 hours. As of September 21, electricity had been restored to half of the Bahamians who had lost power. Western sections of Grand Bahama Island remained without power into Hurricane Jeanne, which was the most significantly impacted island. The onion crop was expected to be late in 2005 due to the loss of seedbeds and seedlings during the storm.<sup id="cite_ref-bahamasaftermath_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bahamasaftermath-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida_2">Florida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg/220px-20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg/330px-20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg/440px-20040908-12_florida1-4-515h.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> helps deliver water at a relief center in <a href="/wiki/Ft._Pierce,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Ft. Pierce, Florida">Ft. Pierce, Florida</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the aftermath of the storm, many colleges and school districts across Florida remained closed. President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> declared all of Florida a federal disaster area.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kennedy Space Center did not restore its complete work force until September 13 due to relief operations, as well as a lack of gasoline, ice, and water in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 8000 members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard</a> helped out with recovery efforts soon after the storm left the Florida peninsula. Residents in the areas of impact after the storm were under a boil water order, because of the lack of electricity to area water systems.<sup id="cite_ref-newshour_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newshour-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Churches prepared meals for people without power and food.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Federal employees were granted excused absences if they helped with law enforcement and the cleanup.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thousands of portable generators were sent to the state by <a href="/wiki/Home_Depot" title="Home Depot">Home Depot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lowe%27s" title="Lowe's">Lowe's</a> home improvement stores.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> installed blue <a href="/wiki/Tarpaulin" title="Tarpaulin">tarpaulins</a> on 41,556 damaged roofs statewide.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damage to the Florida citrus crop caused orange futures to rise four cents a pound.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia_and_the_Carolinas">Georgia and the Carolinas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Georgia and the Carolinas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 24, the southern two-thirds of Georgia was declared a disaster by President Bush.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state lost 50 percent of its <a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">pecan</a> crop due to Frances, which led to a price rise in pecans by late October.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lost peach trees were expected to lower output during 2005, and increase peach prices.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A disaster declaration was made for the northeast section of South Carolina on October 7.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 10, President Bush declared 34 counties within North Carolina a disaster area, making them eligible for US$6.5 million (2004 dollars) in public assistance. A Wildlife Commission removed its <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Mountain_State_Fair" title="North Carolina Mountain State Fair">North Carolina Mountain State Fair</a> exhibit due to Frances midway through the fair. Over 100,000 trout were lost due to the storm in the Pisgah, Table Rock, Marion, and Armstrong state fish hatcheries.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Red Cross volunteers distributed over 200,000 gallons of water by its 600 volunteers in four days. After Frances and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Hurricane Ivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville</a> determined that it needed $14 million in order to buy out willing businesses and homes within the floodplain.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">List of retired Atlantic hurricane names</a></div> <p>Because of the hurricane's effects in the United States, the name <i>Frances</i> was retired from the rotating lists of <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_naming" title="Tropical cyclone naming">tropical cyclone names</a> in the spring of 2005 by the <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>, and will never again be used for an Atlantic basin tropical cyclone.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was replaced with <i>Fiona</i> for the <a href="/wiki/2010_Atlantic_hurricane_season" title="2010 Atlantic hurricane season">2010 season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-TWO1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TWO1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMiles_B._Lawrence2004" class="citation web cs1">Miles B. Lawrence (August 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2004/TWOAT.200408210913">"Tropical Weather Outlook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Hurricane_Center" title="National Hurricane Center">National Hurricane Center</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Weather+Outlook&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-21&rft.au=Miles+B.+Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Ftext%2FTWOAT%2F2004%2FTWOAT.200408210913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Beven_II2004" class="citation web cs1">John L. Beven II (August 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.003.shtml?">"Tropical Depression Six Discussion Number 3"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Depression+Six+Discussion+Number+3&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.au=John+L.+Beven+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.003.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TWO3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TWO3_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacy_R._Stewart2004" class="citation web cs1">Stacy R. Stewart (August 23, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2004/TWOAT.200408231502">"Tropical Weather Outlook"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Weather+Outlook&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-23&rft.au=Stacy+R.+Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Ftext%2FTWOAT%2F2004%2FTWOAT.200408231502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TWO2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TWO2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLixion_A._Avila2004" class="citation web cs1">Lixion A. Avila (August 24, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2004/TWOAT.200408240911">"Tropical Weather Outlook"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Weather+Outlook&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-24&rft.au=Lixion+A.+Avila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Ftext%2FTWOAT%2F2004%2FTWOAT.200408240911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubadv1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pubadv1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Pasch2004" class="citation web cs1">Richard J. Pasch (August 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/pub/al062004.public.001.shtml?">"Tropical Depression Six Advisory Number 1"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Depression+Six+Advisory+Number+1&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.au=Richard+J.+Pasch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fpub%2Fal062004.public.001.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Pasch2004" class="citation web cs1">Richard J. Pasch (August 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.001.shtml?">"Tropical Depression Six Discussion Number 1"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Depression+Six+Discussion+Number+1&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.au=Richard+J.+Pasch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.001.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pubadv4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pubadv4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Beven_II2004" class="citation web cs1">John L. Beven II (August 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/pub/al062004.public.004.shtml?">"Tropical Storm Frances Advisory Number 4"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Storm+Frances+Advisory+Number+4&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.au=John+L.+Beven+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fpub%2Fal062004.public.004.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis4_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLixion_A._Avila2004" class="citation web cs1">Lixion A. Avila (August 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.006.shtml?">"Tropical Storm Frances Discussion Number 6"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tropical+Storm+Frances+Discussion+Number+6&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-26&rft.au=Lixion+A.+Avila&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.006.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis5-1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis5-1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacy_R._Stewart2004" class="citation web cs1">Stacy R. Stewart (August 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.008.shtml?">"Hurricane Frances Discussion Number 8"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Discussion+Number+8&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-26&rft.au=Stacy+R.+Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.008.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis6_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacy_R._Stewart2004" class="citation web cs1">Stacy R. Stewart (August 27, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.012.shtml?">"Hurricane Frances Discussion Number 12"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Discussion+Number+12&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-27&rft.au=Stacy+R.+Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.012.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis5-2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis5-2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStacy_R._Stewart2004" class="citation web cs1">Stacy R. Stewart (August 28, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.016.shtml?">"Hurricane Frances Discussion Number 16"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Discussion+Number+16&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-28&rft.au=Stacy+R.+Stewart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.016.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis7-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis7_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLixion_A._Avila2004" class="citation web cs1">Lixion A. Avila (August 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.019.shtml?">"Hurricane Frances Discussion Number 19"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Discussion+Number+19&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-29&rft.au=Lixion+A.+Avila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.019.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCR-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCR_13-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Beven_II2014" class="citation report cs1">John L. Beven II (November 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062004_Frances.pdf">Hurricane Frances Tropical Cyclone Report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Tropical+Cyclone+Report&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2014-11-06&rft.au=John+L.+Beven+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Fdata%2Ftcr%2FAL062004_Frances.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis8-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis8_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Pasch2004" class="citation web cs1">Richard J. Pasch (August 30, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.024.shtml?">"Hurricane Frances Discussion Number 24"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Discussion+Number+24&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-08-30&rft.au=Richard+J.+Pasch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fdis%2Fal062004.discus.024.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tropdis9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tropdis9_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_L._Beven_II2004" class="citation web cs1">John L. Beven II (September 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/pub/al062004.public_a.033.shtml?">"Hurricane Frances Intermediate Advisory Number 33A"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hurricane+Frances+Intermediate+Advisory+Number+33A&rft.pub=National+Hurricane+Center&rft.date=2004-09-02&rft.au=John+L.+Beven+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2F2004%2Fpub%2Fal062004.public_a.033.shtml%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLixion_A._Avila2004" class="citation web cs1">Lixion A. Avila (September 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/dis/al062004.discus.036.shtml">"Hurricane Frances Discussion Number 36"</a>. National Hurricane Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tropical+Cyclone+Rainfall+in+Florida&rft.btitle=Tropical+Cyclone+Rainfall&rft.pub=United+States+Weather+Prediction+Center&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft.au=Roth%2C+David+M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov%2Ftropical%2Frain%2Ftcflorida.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DR-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DR_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DR_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M._Roth2004" class="citation web cs1">David M. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Event+Types%3A+Hurricane+%28Typhoon%29&rft.pub=National+Climatic+Data+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fstormevents%2Flistevents.jsp%3FeventType%3D%2528Z%2529%2BHurricane%2B%2528Typhoon%2529%26beginDate_mm%3D09%26beginDate_dd%3D01%26beginDate_yyyy%3D2004%26endDate_mm%3D09%26endDate_dd%3D10%26endDate_yyyy%3D2004%26county%3DALL%26hailfilter%3D0.00%26tornfilter%3D0%26windfilter%3D000%26sort%3DDT%26submitbutton%3DSearch%26statefips%3D12%252CFLORIDA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5424905">Event Details: High Wind</a> (Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Event+Details%3A+High+Wind&rft.pub=National+Climatic+Data+Center&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fstormevents%2Feventdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D5424905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5424581">Event Details: Flash Flood</a> (Report). National Climatic Data Center. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Event+Details%3A+Flash+Flood&rft.pub=National+Climatic+Data+Center&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdc.noaa.gov%2Fstormevents%2Feventdetails.jsp%3Fid%3D5424581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Kennedy2004" class="citation web cs1">Jim Kennedy (September 8, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040911152830/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/cdcom_090804.html">"From Jim Kennedy Concerning Frances Aftermath"</a>. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/cdcom_090804.html">the original</a> on September 11, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Jim+Kennedy+Concerning+Frances+Aftermath&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration&rft.date=2004-09-08&rft.au=Jim+Kennedy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Fkennedy%2Fcdcom_090804.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/09/06/nasa.frances.cnn/index.html">"Frances tears panels from NASA shuttle hangar"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. September 6, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved on April 10, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Julia Beckhusen, Joseph B. Goodenbery, Gerrit Hoogenboom, and Jeffrey D. Mullen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cms.ce.gatech.edu/gwri/uploads/proceedings/2005/BeckhusenJ-MullenJ%20paper.pdf">Effects of Hurricane Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne on Georgia Irrigators.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Retrieved on April 10, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farm Press Staff Report (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://southeastfarmpress.com/mag/farming_hurricane_crop_damage/">Hurricane Crop Damage Is Widespread.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828113008/http://southeastfarmpress.com/mag/farming_hurricane_crop_damage">Archived</a> August 28, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Penton Media, Inc. Retrieved on April 10, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919142143/http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/announce.cfm?ID=693&Lang=e">"Ontario Weather Review - September 2004"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. September 30, 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/announce.cfm?ID=693&Lang=e">the original</a> on September 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ontario+Weather+Review+-+September+2004&rft.pub=Environment+Canada&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.on.ec.gc.ca%2Fannounce.cfm%3FID%3D693%26Lang%3De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-session27-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-session27_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927230759/http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FinalHC27Report-English.pdf">"Twenty-seventh Session RA IV Hurricane Committee"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a>. 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/FinalHC27Report-English.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 27, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twenty-seventh+Session+RA+IV+Hurricane+Committee&rft.pub=World+Meteorological+Organization&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmo.int%2Fpages%2Fprog%2Fwww%2Ftcp%2Fdocuments%2FFinalHC27Report-English.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">State of Florida State Emergency Response Team (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floridadisaster.org/eoc/eoc_Activations/Frances04/Reports/9-9%20BriefSheet15%20AidFinal.pdf">Hurricane Frances Disaster Assistance Briefing Sheet: As of 9:00 am, September 9, 2004.</a> Government of the state of Florida. Retrieved on September 30, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Kennedy (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/cdcom_090804.html">From Jim Kennedy Concerning Frances Aftermath.</a> <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Retrieved on April 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tom Hazelwood (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gbgm-umc.org/umcor/04/francesphotos0909.cfm">Hurricane Frances Aftermath & Response.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706165214/http://gbgm-umc.org/umcor/04/francesphotos0909.cfm">Archived</a> July 6, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> United Methodist Committee in Relief. Retrieved on April 5, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Pulliam (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0904/090304dp1.htm">OPM prepares for aftermath of Hurricane Frances.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202170818/http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0904/090304dp1.htm">Archived</a> December 2, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Journal Group, Inc. Retrieved on April 5, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0409/08/lt.03.html">CNN Live Today.</a> Retrieved on April 5, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> South Atlantic Division (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sas.usace.army.mil/er/frances_florida.html">Hurricane Frances in Florida.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Retrieved on April 8, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2004/09/07/news/economy/frances_losses/index.htm">Frances' costs: $3B or more.</a> Retrieved on April 8, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FEMA (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=14222">President Authorizes Disaster Funds For Georgia To Aid State And Local Government Recovery From Tropical Storm Frances.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506172404/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=14222">Archived</a> May 6, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on April 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FoodNavigator.com (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foodnavigator.com/Financial-Industry/Pecan-prices-rise-on-hurricane-aftermath">Pecan prices rise on hurricane aftermath.</a> Decision News Media SAS. Retrieved on April 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharon Omahen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgiafaces.caes.uga.edu/pdf/2329.pdf">Frances' Winds Damage Trees, Reduce Pecan Crop.</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a>. Retrieved on April 10, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FEMA (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fema.gov/news/event.fema?id=3883">South Carolina Tropical Storm Frances.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090507060705/https://www.fema.gov/news/event.fema?id=3883">Archived</a> May 7, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on April 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncwildlife.org/news_stories/pg00_NewsRelease/archive04/pg00_sep04_5.htm">Hurricanes Wash Out Wildlife Commission Plans.</a> Retrieved on April 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhang Lizhong (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seas.gwu.edu/~emse232/november2004hurricaneupdate3.html">Hurricane Frances & Ivan in Western North Carolina and Issues in the Recovery.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524112852/http://www.seas.gwu.edu/~emse232/november2004hurricaneupdate3.html">Archived</a> May 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management Crisis and Emergency Management. Retrieved on April 6, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.noaa.gov/stories/4-hurricanes-in-6-weeks-it-happened-to-one-state-in-2004">"4 hurricanes in 6 weeks? It happened to one state in 2004"</a>. Washington, D.C.: NOAA. August 26, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=4+hurricanes+in+6+weeks%3F+It+happened+to+one+state+in+2004.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=NOAA&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.noaa.gov%2Fstories%2F4-hurricanes-in-6-weeks-it-happened-to-one-state-in-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transition.fcc.gov/bureaus/pshs/docs/clearinghouse/plans/OFCM_National_Hurricane_Operations_Plan_2010.pdf">National Hurricane Operations Plan</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 2010. p. 3-7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=National+Hurricane+Operations+Plan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=3%26%2345%3B7&rft.pub=NOAA+Office+of+the+Federal+Coordinator+for+Meteorological+Services+and+Supporting+Research&rft.date=2010-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransition.fcc.gov%2Fbureaus%2Fpshs%2Fdocs%2Fclearinghouse%2Fplans%2FOFCM_National_Hurricane_Operations_Plan_2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHurricane+Frances" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hurricane_Frances&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hurricane_Frances" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hurricane Frances"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Hurricane Frances</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL062004_Frances.pdf">NHC Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Frances</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2004/refresh/FRANCES+shtml/">NHC advisory archive on Hurricane Frances</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/frances2004.html">HPC rainfall report on Frances</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040903190253/http://www.myflorida.com/myflorida/frances_preparedness.html">State of Florida - Hurricane Frances preparedness</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template talk:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Retired Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_retired_Atlantic_hurricane_names" title="List of retired Atlantic hurricane names">Retired Atlantic hurricane names</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carol" title="Hurricane Carol">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edna" title="Hurricane Edna">Edna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Connie" title="Hurricane Connie">Connie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diane" title="Hurricane Diane">Diane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ione" title="Hurricane Ione">Ione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Janet" title="Hurricane Janet">Janet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Audrey" title="Hurricane Audrey">Audrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Donna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla" title="Hurricane Carla">Carla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hattie" title="Hurricane Hattie">Hattie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Flora" title="Hurricane Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo" title="Hurricane Cleo">Cleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dora_(1964)" title="Hurricane Dora (1964)">Dora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda" title="Hurricane Hilda">Hilda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy" title="Hurricane Betsy">Betsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Inez" title="Hurricane Inez">Inez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Beulah" title="Hurricane Beulah">Beulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Camille" title="Hurricane Camille">Camille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Celia" title="Hurricane Celia">Celia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Agnes" title="Hurricane Agnes">Agnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carmen" title="Hurricane Carmen">Carmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fifi%E2%80%93Orlene" title="Hurricane Fifi–Orlene">Fifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eloise" title="Hurricane Eloise">Eloise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Anita" title="Hurricane Anita">Anita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Greta%E2%80%93Olivia" title="Hurricane Greta–Olivia">Greta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_David" title="Hurricane David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frederic" title="Hurricane Frederic">Frederic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Allen" title="Hurricane Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alicia" title="Hurricane Alicia">Alicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Elena" title="Hurricane Elena">Elena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gloria" title="Hurricane Gloria">Gloria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gilbert" title="Hurricane Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joan%E2%80%93Miriam" title="Hurricane Joan–Miriam">Joan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo" title="Hurricane Hugo">Hugo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diana" title="Hurricane Diana">Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Klaus_(1990)" title="Hurricane Klaus (1990)">Klaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Andrew" title="Hurricane Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Luis" title="Hurricane Luis">Luis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Marilyn" title="Hurricane Marilyn">Marilyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Roxanne" title="Hurricane Roxanne">Roxanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cesar%E2%80%93Douglas" title="Hurricane Cesar–Douglas">Cesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fran" title="Hurricane Fran">Fran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hortense" title="Hurricane Hortense">Hortense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Georges" title="Hurricane Georges">Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch" title="Hurricane Mitch">Mitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Floyd" title="Hurricane Floyd">Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lenny" title="Hurricane Lenny">Lenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Keith" title="Hurricane Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Allison" title="Tropical Storm Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iris" title="Hurricane Iris">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michelle" title="Hurricane Michelle">Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isidore" title="Hurricane Isidore">Isidore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili" title="Hurricane Lili">Lili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fabian" title="Hurricane Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isabel" title="Hurricane Isabel">Isabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Juan" title="Hurricane Juan">Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Katrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Rita" title="Hurricane Rita">Rita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Stan" title="Hurricane Stan">Stan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma" title="Hurricane Wilma">Wilma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dean" title="Hurricane Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Felix" title="Hurricane Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Noel" title="Hurricane Noel">Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Paloma" title="Hurricane Paloma">Paloma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Igor" title="Hurricane Igor">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Tomas" title="Hurricane Tomas">Tomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irene" title="Hurricane Irene">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Sandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ingrid" title="Hurricane Ingrid">Ingrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Erika" title="Tropical Storm Erika">Erika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joaquin" title="Hurricane Joaquin">Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Matthew" title="Hurricane Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Otto" title="Hurricane Otto">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Irma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Maria" title="Hurricane Maria">Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Nate" title="Hurricane Nate">Nate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Florence" title="Hurricane Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michael" title="Hurricane Michael">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dorian" title="Hurricane Dorian">Dorian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Laura" title="Hurricane Laura">Laura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eta" title="Hurricane Eta">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iota" title="Hurricane Iota">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fiona" title="Hurricane Fiona">Fiona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ian" title="Hurricane Ian">Ian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Category:Retired Atlantic hurricanes">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Category_4_Atlantic_hurricanes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_4_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Category_4_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Template talk:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Category_4_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Category_4_Atlantic_hurricanes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Category_4_Atlantic_hurricanes" title="List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes">Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1853–1949" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1853–1949</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1850s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1853 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Last_Island_hurricane" title="1856 Last Island hurricane">"Last Island"</a> (1856)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1860s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1866_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1866 Atlantic hurricane season">"Great Nassau"</a> (1866)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1870s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1878_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Seven" title="1878 Atlantic hurricane season">Seven</a> (1878)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1880_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1880 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Eight" title="1880 Atlantic hurricane season">Eight</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1882 Atlantic hurricane season">"Cuba"</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_Indianola_hurricane" title="1886 Indianola hurricane">"Indianola"</a> (1886)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1890s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1893_Cheniere_Caminada_hurricane" title="1893 Cheniere Caminada hurricane">"Chenière Caminada"</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Six" title="1894 Atlantic hurricane season">Six</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_Georgia_hurricane" title="1898 Georgia hurricane">"Georgia"</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_San_Ciriaco_hurricane" title="1899 San Ciriaco hurricane">"San Ciriaco"</a> (1899)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_Galveston_hurricane" title="1900 Galveston hurricane">"Galveston"</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1906 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1906)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1910s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_Cuba_hurricane" title="1910 Cuba hurricane">"Cuba"</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Galveston_hurricane" title="1915 Galveston hurricane">"Galveston"</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_New_Orleans_hurricane" title="1915 New Orleans hurricane">"New Orleans"</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Texas_hurricane" title="1916 Texas hurricane">"Texas"</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Nueva_Gerona_hurricane" title="1917 Nueva Gerona hurricane">"Nueva Gerona"</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Florida_Keys_hurricane" title="1919 Florida Keys hurricane">"Florida Keys"</a> (1919)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1921_Tampa_Bay_hurricane" title="1921 Tampa Bay hurricane">"Tampa Bay"</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Nassau_hurricane" title="1926 Nassau hurricane">"Nassau"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1926 Atlantic hurricane season">Four</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Miami_hurricane" title="1926 Miami hurricane">"Miami"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Havana%E2%80%93Bermuda_hurricane" title="1926 Havana–Bermuda hurricane">"Havana–Bermuda"</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_Bahamas_hurricane" title="1929 Bahamas hurricane">"Bahamas"</a> (1929)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_San_Zen%C3%B3n_hurricane" title="1930 San Zenón hurricane">"San Zenón"</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_British_Honduras_hurricane" title="1931 British Honduras hurricane">"British Honduras"</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Freeport_hurricane" title="1932 Freeport hurricane">"Freeport"</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_San_Cipri%C3%A1n_hurricane" title="1932 San Ciprián hurricane">"San Ciprián"</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Chesapeake%E2%80%93Potomac_hurricane" title="1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane">1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Treasure_Coast_hurricane" title="1933 Treasure Coast hurricane">"Treasure Coast"</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Outer_Banks_hurricane" title="1933 Outer Banks hurricane">"Outer Banks"</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Two" title="1935 Atlantic hurricane season">Two</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Cuba_hurricane" title="1935 Cuba hurricane">"Cuba"</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Five" title="1939 Atlantic hurricane season">Five</a> (1939)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Four" title="1941 Atlantic hurricane season">"Nicaragua"</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Three" title="1943 Atlantic hurricane season">Three</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Cuba%E2%80%93Florida_hurricane" title="1944 Cuba–Florida hurricane">"Cuba–Florida"</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Homestead_hurricane" title="1945 Homestead hurricane">"Homestead"</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Fort_Lauderdale_hurricane" title="1947 Fort Lauderdale hurricane">George</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Bermuda%E2%80%93Newfoundland_hurricane" title="1948 Bermuda–Newfoundland hurricane">Dog</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1948_Florida_hurricane" title="September 1948 Florida hurricane">Easy</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Florida_hurricane" title="1949 Florida hurricane">"Florida"</a> (1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1950–present" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1950–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dog_(1950)" title="Hurricane Dog (1950)">Dog</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fox_(1950)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Fox (1950)">Fox</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_King" title="Hurricane King">King</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charlie_(1951)" title="Hurricane Charlie (1951)">Charlie</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Easy_(1951)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Easy (1951)">Easy</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fox_(1952)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Fox (1952)">Fox</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hazel</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Connie" title="Hurricane Connie">Connie</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ione" title="Hurricane Ione">Ione</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carrie" title="Hurricane Carrie">Carrie</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo_(1958)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Cleo (1958)">Cleo</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Daisy_(1958)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Daisy (1958)">Daisy</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene_(1958)" title="Hurricane Helene (1958)">Helene</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gracie" title="Hurricane Gracie">Gracie</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Donna" title="Hurricane Donna">Donna</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Betsy (1961)">Betsy</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carla" title="Hurricane Carla">Carla</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frances_(1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Frances (1961)">Frances</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Flora" title="Hurricane Flora">Flora</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cleo" title="Hurricane Cleo">Cleo</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dora_(1964)" title="Hurricane Dora (1964)">Dora</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gladys_(1964)" title="Hurricane Gladys (1964)">Gladys</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hilda" title="Hurricane Hilda">Hilda</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Betsy" title="Hurricane Betsy">Betsy</a> (1965)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Celia" title="Hurricane Celia">Celia</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Carmen" title="Hurricane Carmen">Carmen</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gladys_(1975)" title="Hurricane Gladys (1975)">Gladys</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Greta%E2%80%93Olivia" title="Hurricane Greta–Olivia">Greta</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ella_(1978)" title="Hurricane Ella (1978)">Ella</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Frederic" title="Hurricane Frederic">Frederic</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey_(1981)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Harvey (1981)">Harvey</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Debby_(1982)" title="Hurricane Debby (1982)">Debby</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Diana_(1984)" title="Hurricane Diana (1984)">Diana</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gloria" title="Hurricane Gloria">Gloria</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene_(1988)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Helene (1988)">Helene</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joan%E2%80%93Miriam" title="Hurricane Joan–Miriam">Joan</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gabrielle_(1989)" title="Hurricane Gabrielle (1989)">Gabrielle</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Claudette_(1991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Claudette (1991)">Claudette</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Felix_(1995)" title="Hurricane Felix (1995)">Felix</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Luis" title="Hurricane Luis">Luis</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Opal" title="Hurricane Opal">Opal</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Edouard_(1996)" title="Hurricane Edouard (1996)">Edouard</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hortense" title="Hurricane Hortense">Hortense</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Georges" title="Hurricane Georges">Georges</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bret" title="Hurricane Bret">Bret</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Cindy_(1999)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Cindy (1999)">Cindy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Floyd" title="Hurricane Floyd">Floyd</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gert_(1999)" title="Hurricane Gert (1999)">Gert</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lenny" title="Hurricane Lenny">Lenny</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Isaac_(2000)" title="Hurricane Isaac (2000)">Isaac</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Keith" title="Hurricane Keith">Keith</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iris" title="Hurricane Iris">Iris</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Michelle" title="Hurricane Michelle">Michelle</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lili" title="Hurricane Lili">Lili</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fabian" title="Hurricane Fabian">Fabian</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a> (2004)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frances</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Karl_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Karl (2004)">Karl</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Dennis" title="Hurricane Dennis">Dennis</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gustav" title="Hurricane Gustav">Gustav</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ike" title="Hurricane Ike">Ike</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Omar" title="Hurricane Omar">Omar</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Paloma" title="Hurricane Paloma">Paloma</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bill_(2009)" title="Hurricane Bill (2009)">Bill</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Danielle_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Danielle (2010)">Danielle</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Earl_(2010)" title="Hurricane Earl (2010)">Earl</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Igor" title="Hurricane Igor">Igor</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Julia_(2010)" title="Hurricane Julia (2010)">Julia</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katia_(2011)" title="Hurricane Katia (2011)">Katia</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ophelia_(2011)" title="Hurricane Ophelia (2011)">Ophelia</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gonzalo" title="Hurricane Gonzalo">Gonzalo</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Joaquin" title="Hurricane Joaquin">Joaquin</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Nicole_(2016)" title="Hurricane Nicole (2016)">Nicole</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Harvey</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jose_(2017)" title="Hurricane Jose (2017)">Jose</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Florence" title="Hurricane Florence">Florence</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Laura" title="Hurricane Laura">Laura</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Teddy" title="Hurricane Teddy">Teddy</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Delta" title="Hurricane Delta">Delta</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Eta" title="Hurricane Eta">Eta</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Iota" title="Hurricane Iota">Iota</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ida" title="Hurricane Ida">Ida</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sam" title="Hurricane Sam">Sam</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fiona" title="Hurricane Fiona">Fiona</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Franklin_(2023)" title="Hurricane Franklin (2023)">Franklin</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Idalia" title="Hurricane Idalia">Idalia</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Helene" title="Hurricane Helene">Helene</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Kirk_(2024)" title="Hurricane Kirk (2024)">Kirk</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary.png/100px-2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary.png/150px-2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary.png/200px-2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season_summary.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2476" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat3 Alex" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF9E59;"><span>3</span></div><div title="Cat3 Alex" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Alex_(2004)" title="Hurricane Alex (2004)">Alex</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Bonnie" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;"><span>TS</span></div><div title="Storm Bonnie" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Bonnie_(2004)" title="Tropical Storm Bonnie (2004)">Bonnie</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat4 Charley" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF738A;"><span>4</span></div><div title="Cat4 Charley" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley" title="Hurricane Charley">Charley</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat2 Danielle" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFD98C;"><span>2</span></div><div title="Cat2 Danielle" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Danielle_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Danielle (2004)">Danielle</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Earl" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;"><span>TS</span></div><div title="Storm Earl" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Earl_(2004)" title="Tropical Storm Earl (2004)">Earl</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat4 Frances" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF738A;"><span>4</span></div><div title="Cat4 Frances" class="season-bar-name"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frances</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Gaston" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;"><span>1</span></div><div title="Cat1 Gaston" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Gaston_(2004)" title="Hurricane Gaston (2004)">Gaston</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Storm Hermine" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #4DFFFF;"><span>TS</span></div><div title="Storm Hermine" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Hermine_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Storm Hermine (2004)">Hermine</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat5 Ivan" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #A188FC;"><span>5</span></div><div title="Cat5 Ivan" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Ivan" title="Hurricane Ivan">Ivan</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Ivan" title="Meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan">history</a>)</span></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Depression Ten" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #6EC1EA;"><span>TD</span></div><div title="Depression Ten" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/2004_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Depression_Ten" title="2004 Atlantic hurricane season">Ten</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat3 Jeanne" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF9E59;"><span>3</span></div><div title="Cat3 Jeanne" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Hurricane Jeanne">Jeanne</a><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<a href="/wiki/Meteorological_history_of_Hurricane_Jeanne" title="Meteorological history of Hurricane Jeanne">history</a>)</span></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat4 Karl" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FF738A;"><span>4</span></div><div title="Cat4 Karl" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Karl_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Karl (2004)">Karl</a></div></div> <div class="season-bar-button"><div title="Cat1 Lisa" class="season-bar-intensity mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #FFFFD9;"><span>1</span></div><div title="Cat1 Lisa" class="season-bar-name"><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Lisa_(2004)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane Lisa (2004)">Lisa</a></div></div> 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