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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoalojamiento_(servicios_web)" title="Autoalojamiento (servicios web) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autoalojamiento (servicios web)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="خودمیزبان (خدمات وب) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودمیزبان (خدمات وب)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-h%C3%A9bergement_(Internet)" 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Practice of running a website using a private web server</div> <p><b>Self-hosting</b> is the practice of running and maintaining a <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> or <a href="/wiki/Service_(systems_architecture)" title="Service (systems architecture)">service</a> using a private <a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">web server</a>, instead of using a service outside of the administrator's own control. Self-hosting allows users to have more control over their data, privacy, and computing infrastructure, as well as potentially saving costs and improving skills.<sup id="cite_ref-howtogeek_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howtogeek-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-windowscentral_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windowscentral-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The practice of self-hosting <a href="/wiki/Web_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Web services">web services</a> became more feasible with the development of <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">virtualization</a> technologies, which enabled users to run their own servers on remote hardware or virtual machines. The first public cloud service, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> (AWS), was launched in 2006, offering Simple Storage Service (S3) and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) as its initial products.<sup id="cite_ref-mediatemple_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mediatemple-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Self-hosting web services became more popular with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source software</a> projects that provide alternatives to various web-based services and applications, such as file storage, password management, media streaming, home automation, and more. There is also a sizeable hobbyist community around self-hosting, made up of hobbyists, technology professionals and privacy conscious individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-windowscentral_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windowscentral-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vice_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the benefits of self-hosting are: </p> <ul><li>The user has complete control over their data and can decide how and where it is hosted.</li> <li>The user can customize the site design and functionality according to their preferences and needs.</li> <li>The user can potentially save money by using a lower-cost hosting service or combining multiple services on one server.</li> <li>The user can improve their skills and knowledge by learning how to set up and manage their own server and services.</li> <li>The user can avoid relying on third-party providers that may have privacy issues, security breaches, outages, or changes in policies.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Challenges">Challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the challenges of self-hosting are:<sup id="cite_ref-howtogeek_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howtogeek-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-computerhope_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-computerhope-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The user has to take responsibility for maintaining and updating their server and services, which may require technical skills and time.</li> <li>The user has to ensure that their server and services are secure and compliant with relevant laws and regulations.</li> <li>The user has to deal with potential issues such as hardware failures, network problems or power outages.</li> <li>The user may have to find reliable and affordable hosting providers that offer the features and resources they need.</li> <li>The user has to ensure that the server is adequately protected from <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial of service attacks</a> (DoS) and any other security threats</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many examples of self-hosted services and applications that can replace or complement web-based ones, such as:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitwarden" title="Bitwarden">Bitwarden</a> - A password manager that stores all passwords in an encrypted vault</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Assistant" title="Home Assistant">Home Assistant</a> - A software for home automation that puts local control and privacy first</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a> - A suite of client-server software for creating and using file hosting services</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_web" title="Decentralized web">Decentralized web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-premises_software" title="On-premises software">On-premises software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Web hosting service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-howtogeek-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-howtogeek_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-howtogeek_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFitzpatrick2022" class="citation web cs1">Fitzpatrick, Jason (2022-11-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.howtogeek.com/846979/heres-why-self-hosting-a-server-is-worth-the-effort/">"Here's Why Self-Hosting a Server Is Worth the Effort"</a>. How-To Geek<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Here%E2%80%99s+Why+Self-Hosting+a+Server+Is+Worth+the+Effort&rft.pub=How-To+Geek&rft.date=2022-11-21&rft.aulast=Fitzpatrick&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtogeek.com%2F846979%2Fheres-why-self-hosting-a-server-is-worth-the-effort%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hosting+%28web+services%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-windowscentral-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-windowscentral_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-windowscentral_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevine2021" class="citation web cs1">Devine, Richard (2021-12-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.windowscentral.com/self-hosting-2021">"How I fell into the self-hosting rabbit hole in 2021"</a>. Windows Central<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+I+fell+into+the+self-hosting+rabbit+hole+in+2021&rft.pub=Windows+Central&rft.date=2021-12-28&rft.aulast=Devine&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.windowscentral.com%2Fself-hosting-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hosting+%28web+services%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mediatemple-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mediatemple_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mediatemple.net/blog/cloud-hosting/brief-history-aws/">"A Brief History of AWS"</a>. The Media Temple Blog<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+AWS&rft.pub=The+Media+Temple+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmediatemple.net%2Fblog%2Fcloud-hosting%2Fbrief-history-aws%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hosting+%28web+services%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vice-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vice_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/pkb4ng/meet-the-self-hosters-taking-back-the-internet-one-server-at-a-time">"Meet the Self-Hosters, Taking Back the Internet One Server at a Time"</a>. Vice<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+the+Self-Hosters%2C+Taking+Back+the+Internet+One+Server+at+a+Time&rft.pub=Vice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fpkb4ng%2Fmeet-the-self-hosters-taking-back-the-internet-one-server-at-a-time&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hosting+%28web+services%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-computerhope-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-computerhope_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/self-hosting.htm">"What is Self-hosting?"</a>. Computer Hope<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Self-hosting%3F&rft.pub=Computer+Hope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerhope.com%2Fjargon%2Fs%2Fself-hosting.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASelf-hosting+%28web+services%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-hosting_(web_services)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/awesome-selfhosted/awesome-selfhosted">Awesome-Selfhosted</a> - List of network and web services which can be self-hosted</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://selfhosted.show/">Self Hosted</a> - A podcast about self-hosting</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mikeroyal/Self-Hosting-Guide">Self-Hosting Guide</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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4em">Website management</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Web hosting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clustered_web_hosting" title="Clustered web hosting">Clustered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Peer-to-peer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Self-hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_web_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual web hosting">Virtual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_analytics" title="Web analytics">Web analytics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_analytics" title="Click analytics">Click analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_web_analytics" title="Mobile web analytics">Mobile web analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_tracking" title="Web tracking">Web tracking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_tracking" title="Click tracking">Click tracking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overselling" title="Overselling">Overselling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_document" class="mw-redirect" title="Web document">Web document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_content" title="Web content">Web content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_content_lifecycle" title="Web content lifecycle">Web content lifecycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_server" title="Web server">Web server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_cache" title="Web cache">Web cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmaster" title="Webmaster">Webmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_governance" title="Website governance">Website governance</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_control_panel" title="Web hosting control panel">Web hosting control panels</a> (<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_web_hosting_control_panels" title="Comparison of web hosting control panels">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/AlternC" title="AlternC">AlternC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPanel" title="CPanel">cPanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectAdmin" title="DirectAdmin">DirectAdmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_Technologie_Control" title="Domain Technologie Control">Domain Technologie Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froxlor" title="Froxlor">Froxlor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-MSCP" title="I-MSCP">i-MSCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterWorx" title="InterWorx">InterWorx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISPConfig" title="ISPConfig">ISPConfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispmanager" title="Ispmanager">Ispmanager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloxo" title="Kloxo">Kloxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plesk" title="Plesk">Plesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usermin" title="Usermin">Usermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webmin" title="Webmin">Webmin</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">Top-level domain</a> registries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFNIC" class="mw-redirect" title="AFNIC">AFNIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.au_Domain_Administration" title=".au 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title="Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences">IPM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Registry_Services" title="Japan Registry Services">JPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Internet_%26_Security_Agency" title="Korea Internet & Security Agency">KISA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIC_M%C3%A9xico" title="NIC México">NIC México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominet">Nominet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Interest_Registry" title="Public Interest Registry">PIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucows" title="Tucows">Tucows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">Verisign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">Domain name</a> managers and <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">registrars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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