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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Earthquake Engineering</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">100,976 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Earthquake Engineering</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Earthquake_Engineering">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8415352 coauthored" data-work_id="8415352" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8415352/Field_evidence_and_numerical_investigation_of_the_Mw_7_1_October_23_Van_Tabanl%C4%B1_and_the_MW_5_7_November_earthquakes_of_2011">Field evidence and numerical investigation of the Mw = 7.1 October 23 Van, Tabanlı and the MW > 5.7 November earthquakes of 2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">On Sunday, October 23rd, 2011, the Van province, in the Eastern Turkey, was stricken by a magnitude Mw=7.1 earthquake. The maximum horizontal peak ground acceleration, i.e. 0.182 g, was measured from the seismic station in Muradiye, at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8415352" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">On Sunday, October 23rd, 2011, the Van province, in the Eastern Turkey, was<br />stricken by a magnitude Mw=7.1 earthquake. The maximum horizontal peak ground acceleration,<br />i.e. 0.182 g, was measured from the seismic station in Muradiye, at about 40 km<br />from the epicenter. SeveralMw > 5.7 strong motion aftershocks were recorded in November<br />2011. The exceptionally rich sequence of ground motionswas due to the dense seismotectonic<br />activity of the Eastern Turkey, where many active historical faults exist and newly generated<br />can also be found because of the ongoing continental collision between the Arabian and the<br />Eurasian Plates. The 2011 Van earthquake sequence caused 644 casualties, 1966 injuries<br />with 252 rescues; the total economic losses are estimated at around 1 billion US dollars. The<br />present paper deals with the seismological and structural damage assessment of two major<br />seismic events and aftershock sequences in Van region; special emphasis is on the findings of<br />the site investigations performed in the aftermath of the major seismic event. The performed<br />investigation has shown that there is substantial field evidence demonstrating that the losses<br />generated to the local social communitieswere caused by typical structural and non-structural<br />deficiencies that have been surveyed in the past in several moderate-to-major earthquakes<br />worldwide, especially in poor countries. Comprehensive numerical simulations were also<br />carried out to assess the characteristics of the strong motion records and their effects on<br />existing representative building type of structures in the earthquake-affected region. It was<br />found that the local building stock is highly vulnerable and requires urgent major structural<br />interventions for seismic strengthening. A cost-efficient retrofitting scheme is however not<br />straightforward. It should be a trade-off between two competing aspects: the use of innovative<br />materials and technologies on one hand, and the low-quality of the workmanships and lack of<br />adequate quality control during construction phase, which are available in the Van province,<br />on the other hand.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8415352" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd45ac3ef41469e39b2027a073c77b63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34808295,"asset_id":8415352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34808295/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34015836" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CemYenidogan">Cem Yenidogan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34015836" type="text/json">{"id":34015836,"first_name":"Cem","last_name":"Yenidogan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CemYenidogan","display_name":"Cem Yenidogan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CemYenidogan?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34015836/144158760/133679619/s65_cem.yenidogan.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-8415352">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-8415352"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/ldisarno">luigi di sarno</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-8415352'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-8415352').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8415352 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8415352"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8415352; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8415352]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8415352").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8415352").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8415352"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering">Seismic Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33221" type="text/json">{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8415352]'), work: {"id":8415352,"title":"Field evidence and numerical investigation of the Mw = 7.1 October 23 Van, Tabanlı and the MW \u003e 5.7 November earthquakes of 2011","created_at":"2014-09-20T20:26:22.041-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8415352/Field_evidence_and_numerical_investigation_of_the_Mw_7_1_October_23_Van_Tabanl%C4%B1_and_the_MW_5_7_November_earthquakes_of_2011?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_8415352","summary":"On Sunday, October 23rd, 2011, the Van province, in the Eastern Turkey, was\nstricken by a magnitude Mw=7.1 earthquake. The maximum horizontal peak ground acceleration,\ni.e. 0.182 g, was measured from the seismic station in Muradiye, at about 40 km\nfrom the epicenter. SeveralMw \u003e 5.7 strong motion aftershocks were recorded in November\n2011. The exceptionally rich sequence of ground motionswas due to the dense seismotectonic\nactivity of the Eastern Turkey, where many active historical faults exist and newly generated\ncan also be found because of the ongoing continental collision between the Arabian and the\nEurasian Plates. The 2011 Van earthquake sequence caused 644 casualties, 1966 injuries\nwith 252 rescues; the total economic losses are estimated at around 1 billion US dollars. The\npresent paper deals with the seismological and structural damage assessment of two major\nseismic events and aftershock sequences in Van region; special emphasis is on the findings of\nthe site investigations performed in the aftermath of the major seismic event. The performed\ninvestigation has shown that there is substantial field evidence demonstrating that the losses\ngenerated to the local social communitieswere caused by typical structural and non-structural\ndeficiencies that have been surveyed in the past in several moderate-to-major earthquakes\nworldwide, especially in poor countries. Comprehensive numerical simulations were also\ncarried out to assess the characteristics of the strong motion records and their effects on\nexisting representative building type of structures in the earthquake-affected region. It was\nfound that the local building stock is highly vulnerable and requires urgent major structural\ninterventions for seismic strengthening. A cost-efficient retrofitting scheme is however not\nstraightforward. It should be a trade-off between two competing aspects: the use of innovative\nmaterials and technologies on one hand, and the low-quality of the workmanships and lack of\nadequate quality control during construction phase, which are available in the Van province,\non the other hand.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34808295,"asset_id":8415352,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34015836,"first_name":"Cem","last_name":"Yenidogan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CemYenidogan","display_name":"Cem Yenidogan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CemYenidogan?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34015836/144158760/133679619/s65_cem.yenidogan.png"},{"id":5095760,"first_name":"luigi","last_name":"di sarno","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"ldisarno","display_name":"luigi di sarno","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ldisarno?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5095760/11122740/12412601/s65_luigi.di_sarno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37593705" data-work_id="37593705" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37593705/The_role_of_masonry_infills_on_the_damage_response_of_R_C_buildings_subjected_to_seismic_sequences">The role of masonry infills on the damage response of R/C buildings subjected to seismic sequences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings with masonry infills are amongst the most common structural systems in many countries with regions of high seismicity. The infill walls are usually considered as non-structural elements and, thus, are... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37593705" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings with masonry infills are amongst the most common structural systems in many countries with regions of high seismicity. The infill walls are usually considered as non-structural elements and, thus, are not taken into account in analytical models. However, numerous researches have shown that they can significantly affect the seismic response of the structures. Moreover, historical earthquakes have shown that successive seismic events may occur in regions of high seismicity. Such a sequence of earthquakes has the potential to increase the damage level of the structures, since any rehabilitation between the successive ground motions is practically impossible due to lack of time. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of masonry infills on the damage response of 3D R/C buildings with various structural systems subjected to seismic sequences. For the purposes of the above investigation a comprehensive assessment is conducted using 54 3-dimensional R/C buildings with different heights, structural systems and distribution of masonry infills. The buildings are analyzed by means of nonlinear time history analysis for 80 bidirectional seismic sequences. In order to account for the influence of the incident angle on the structural response, the two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes forming 12 different angles with the structural axes. The results revealed that the influence of the successive earthquake phenomenon on the structural damage is larger for the infilled buildings compared to the bare structures. Furthermore, when buildings with masonry infills are analyzed for seismic sequences, it is of great importance to account for the orientation of the seismic motion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37593705" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9719e3f72e93664a3cb30df64e4799e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59085993,"asset_id":37593705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59085993/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="822927" href="https://auth.academia.edu/KonstantinosKostinakis">Konstantinos G Kostinakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="822927" type="text/json">{"id":822927,"first_name":"Konstantinos","last_name":"Kostinakis","domain_name":"auth","page_name":"KonstantinosKostinakis","display_name":"Konstantinos G Kostinakis","profile_url":"https://auth.academia.edu/KonstantinosKostinakis?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/822927/286125/577338/s65_konstantinos.kostinakis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37593705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37593705"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37593705, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37593705", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37593705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37593705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37593705"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37593705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37593705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37593705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37593705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37593705").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37593705").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37593705"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Dynamics">Structural Dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4070" type="text/json">{"id":4070,"name":"Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering">Seismic Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33221" type="text/json">{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238198" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design">Seismic analysis and design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="238198" type="text/json">{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37593705]'), work: {"id":37593705,"title":"The role of masonry infills on the damage response of R/C buildings subjected to seismic sequences","created_at":"2018-10-16T04:03:33.158-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37593705/The_role_of_masonry_infills_on_the_damage_response_of_R_C_buildings_subjected_to_seismic_sequences?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_37593705","summary":"Reinforced Concrete (R/C) buildings with masonry infills are amongst the most common structural systems in many countries with regions of high seismicity. The infill walls are usually considered as non-structural elements and, thus, are not taken into account in analytical models. However, numerous researches have shown that they can significantly affect the seismic response of the structures. Moreover, historical earthquakes have shown that successive seismic events may occur in regions of high seismicity. Such a sequence of earthquakes has the potential to increase the damage level of the structures, since any rehabilitation between the successive ground motions is practically impossible due to lack of time. The aim of the present study is to examine the role of masonry infills on the damage response of 3D R/C buildings with various structural systems subjected to seismic sequences. For the purposes of the above investigation a comprehensive assessment is conducted using 54 3-dimensional R/C buildings with different heights, structural systems and distribution of masonry infills. The buildings are analyzed by means of nonlinear time history analysis for 80 bidirectional seismic sequences. In order to account for the influence of the incident angle on the structural response, the two horizontal accelerograms of each ground motion are applied along horizontal orthogonal axes forming 12 different angles with the structural axes. The results revealed that the influence of the successive earthquake phenomenon on the structural damage is larger for the infilled buildings compared to the bare structures. Furthermore, when buildings with masonry infills are analyzed for seismic sequences, it is of great importance to account for the orientation of the seismic motion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59085993,"asset_id":37593705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":822927,"first_name":"Konstantinos","last_name":"Kostinakis","domain_name":"auth","page_name":"KonstantinosKostinakis","display_name":"Konstantinos G Kostinakis","profile_url":"https://auth.academia.edu/KonstantinosKostinakis?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/822927/286125/577338/s65_konstantinos.kostinakis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":4070,"name":"Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":375520,"name":"Seismic damage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_damage?f_ri=2370"},{"id":675612,"name":"Seismic retrofitting and seismic damage assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_retrofitting_and_seismic_damage_assessment?f_ri=2370"},{"id":2125793,"name":"Masonry Infill","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Masonry_Infill?f_ri=2370"},{"id":2198616,"name":"Seismic Sequences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Sequences?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5561745" data-work_id="5561745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5561745/Dynamic_analysis_of_buildings_for_earthquake_resistant_design">Dynamic analysis of buildings for earthquake-resistant design</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada specifies dynamic analysis as the preferred method for computing seismic design forces and deflections, while maintaining the equivalent static force method for areas of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5561745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The proposed 2005 edition of the National Building Code of Canada specifies dynamic analysis as the preferred method for computing seismic design forces and deflections, while maintaining the equivalent static force method for areas of low seismicity and for buildings with certain height limitations. Dynamic analysis procedures are categorized as either linear (elastic) dynamic analysis, consisting of the elastic modal response spectrum method or the numerical integration linear time history method, or nonlinear (inelastic) response history analysis. While both linear and nonlinear analyses require careful analytical modelling, the latter requires additional considerations for proper simulation of hysteretic response and necessitates a special study that involves detailed review of design and supporting analyses by an independent team of engineers. The paper provides an overview of dynamic analysis procedures for use in seismic design, with discussions on mathematical modelling of structures, structural elements, and hysteretic response. A discussion of the determination of structural period to be used in association with the equivalent static force method is presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5561745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a1136f432660c4535c363fb9d2f641b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49241061,"asset_id":5561745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49241061/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7903603" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MuratSaatcioglu">Murat Saatcioglu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7903603" type="text/json">{"id":7903603,"first_name":"Murat","last_name":"Saatcioglu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuratSaatcioglu","display_name":"Murat Saatcioglu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuratSaatcioglu?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7903603/27230296/25622839/s65_murat.saatcioglu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5561745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5561745"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5561745, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5561745", }); 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Dynamic analysis procedures are categorized as either linear (elastic) dynamic analysis, consisting of the elastic modal response spectrum method or the numerical integration linear time history method, or nonlinear (inelastic) response history analysis. While both linear and nonlinear analyses require careful analytical modelling, the latter requires additional considerations for proper simulation of hysteretic response and necessitates a special study that involves detailed review of design and supporting analyses by an independent team of engineers. The paper provides an overview of dynamic analysis procedures for use in seismic design, with discussions on mathematical modelling of structures, structural elements, and hysteretic response. A discussion of the determination of structural period to be used in association with the equivalent static force method is presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49241061,"asset_id":5561745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7903603,"first_name":"Murat","last_name":"Saatcioglu","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MuratSaatcioglu","display_name":"Murat Saatcioglu","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MuratSaatcioglu?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7903603/27230296/25622839/s65_murat.saatcioglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":13615,"name":"Modal Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modal_Analysis?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":43005,"name":"Hysteresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hysteresis?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":67974,"name":"Dynamic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=2370"},{"id":717074,"name":"Shear Wall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear_Wall?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1132067,"name":"Period","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Period?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31080108" data-work_id="31080108" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31080108/Seismic_Detailing_of_Gusset_Plates_for_Special_Concentrically_Braced_Frames">Seismic Detailing of Gusset Plates for Special Concentrically Braced Frames</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This Steel Technical Information and Product Services (Steel TIPS) report focuses on providing information to steel fabricators, detailers and structural engineers on detailing gusset plates in special concentrically braced frames.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31080108" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This  Steel Technical Information and Product Services (Steel TIPS) report focuses on providing information to steel fabricators, detailers and structural engineers on detailing gusset plates in special concentrically braced frames. Current seismic design requirements (AISC, 2005c) for Special Concentric Braced Frames (SCBFs) permit braces,  that buckle out of plane of the gusset, to be designed as having pinned ends if a detail can be provided that allows for the expected end rotation from brace buckling. Tests by Astaneh-Asl, Goel and Hanson (1982) using hinge zone length of zero, t, 2t, and 4t showed that the length of 2t  is sufficient to accommodate the expected cyclic rotation of end of the bracing member as it undergoes cyclic buckling. The specimens with hinge zone length of less than 2t did not perform in a sufficiently ductile manner to be qualified for use in Special Concentrically Braced Frames.  Satisfying this requirement in design office or fabricating shop can be an iterative and sometimes a time-consuming process.  The main goal of this report is to provide assistance in this regard by presenting simple and closed-form equations that can be used in detailing the gusset plate without a need for iterations.  In addition, a number of suggested ”Preferred Details” of gusset plates for Special Concentrically Braced Frames are provided  that can assist design professionals as well as steel fabricators and erectors in proper and economical detailing of the gusset plate for Special Concentrically Braced Frames.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31080108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ce93d17896ea94ba6dec8d0f3ac81ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51514558,"asset_id":31080108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51514558/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19989251" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HassanAstaneh">Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19989251" type="text/json">{"id":19989251,"first_name":"Abolhassan","last_name":"ASTANEH-ASL","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HassanAstaneh","display_name":"Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HassanAstaneh?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19989251/15491127/16100422/s65_hassan.astaneh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31080108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31080108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31080108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31080108", }); 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Current seismic design requirements (AISC, 2005c) for Special Concentric Braced Frames (SCBFs) permit braces, that buckle out of plane of the gusset, to be designed as having pinned ends if a detail can be provided that allows for the expected end rotation from brace buckling. Tests by Astaneh-Asl, Goel and Hanson (1982) using hinge zone length of zero, t, 2t, and 4t showed that the length of 2t is sufficient to accommodate the expected cyclic rotation of end of the bracing member as it undergoes cyclic buckling. The specimens with hinge zone length of less than 2t did not perform in a sufficiently ductile manner to be qualified for use in Special Concentrically Braced Frames. Satisfying this requirement in design office or fabricating shop can be an iterative and sometimes a time-consuming process. The main goal of this report is to provide assistance in this regard by presenting simple and closed-form equations that can be used in detailing the gusset plate without a need for iterations. In addition, a number of suggested ”Preferred Details” of gusset plates for Special Concentrically Braced Frames are provided that can assist design professionals as well as steel fabricators and erectors in proper and economical detailing of the gusset plate for Special Concentrically Braced Frames. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51514558,"asset_id":31080108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":19989251,"first_name":"Abolhassan","last_name":"ASTANEH-ASL","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HassanAstaneh","display_name":"Abolhassan ASTANEH-ASL","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HassanAstaneh?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/19989251/15491127/16100422/s65_hassan.astaneh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":62249,"name":"Steel Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel_Structures?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":62818,"name":"Design of Tall 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28865164/Seismic_vulnerability_of_natural_gas_pipelines">Seismic vulnerability of natural gas pipelines</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work deals with the analysis of the interaction of earthquakes with pipelines transporting and distributing natural gas for industrial and civil use. To this aim, a new large data-set of seismic information classified on the basis of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28865164" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work deals with the analysis of the interaction of earthquakes with pipelines transporting and distributing natural gas for industrial and civil use. To this aim, a new large data-set of seismic information classified on the basis of selected seismological, geotechnical and structural parameters is presented and analyzed. Particular attention is devoted to continuous pipelines under strong ground shaking, which is the geotechnical effect due to passage of waves in soil.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28865164" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="364a1ba14c6dd4310f46cab9282b40bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49291003,"asset_id":28865164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49291003/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10925486" href="https://istanbultek.academia.edu/AbdullahGedikli">Abdullah Gedikli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10925486" type="text/json">{"id":10925486,"first_name":"Abdullah","last_name":"Gedikli","domain_name":"istanbultek","page_name":"AbdullahGedikli","display_name":"Abdullah Gedikli","profile_url":"https://istanbultek.academia.edu/AbdullahGedikli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28865164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28865164"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28865164, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28865164", }); 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The integrated tools and components made available by NEESgrid enable earthquake engineering simulation–both physical and numerical–providing an environment for researchers to develop increasingly complex, ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17491771" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9fad10780649cf847819ede41f379006" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41929391,"asset_id":17491771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41929391/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5372395" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IanFoster1">Ian Foster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5372395" type="text/json">{"id":5372395,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Foster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanFoster1","display_name":"Ian Foster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanFoster1?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5372395/11135789/12427038/s65_ian.foster.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17491771 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17491771"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17491771, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17491771", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17491771]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17491771").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17491771").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17491771"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17491771]'), work: {"id":17491771,"title":"NEESgrid: a distributed collaboratory for advanced earthquake engineering experiment and simulation","created_at":"2015-10-29T18:50:24.178-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17491771/NEESgrid_a_distributed_collaboratory_for_advanced_earthquake_engineering_experiment_and_simulation?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_17491771","summary":"SUMMARY NEESgrid, the system integration component of the NEES project, links earthquake researchers across the US with leading-edge computing resources and research equipment, allowing collaborative teams (including remote participants) to plan, perform, and publish their experiments. The integrated tools and components made available by NEESgrid enable earthquake engineering simulation–both physical and numerical–providing an environment for researchers to develop increasingly complex, ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41929391,"asset_id":17491771,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5372395,"first_name":"Ian","last_name":"Foster","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IanFoster1","display_name":"Ian Foster","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IanFoster1?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5372395/11135789/12427038/s65_ian.foster.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61585940" data-work_id="61585940" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61585940/Sensor_Development_Using_Berkeley_Mote_Platform">Sensor Development Using Berkeley Mote Platform</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Industrialised nations have dedicated significant investments toward the development of civil infrastructure. To preserve this investment, attention must be given to proper maintenance. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has emerged as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61585940" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Industrialised nations have dedicated significant investments toward the development of civil infrastructure. To preserve this investment, attention must be given to proper maintenance. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has emerged as a tool to support this task. Networks of smart sensors, built upon wireless communication, have the potential to significantly improve SHM. Numerous platforms for smart sensors have been developed, most of which utilise proprietary hardware/software. The Berkeley Mote, utilised in this study, was the first open hardware/software platform to be developed. However, the Berkeley Mote was designed for generic applications and therefore the available sensors are not optimised for use in civil infrastructure applications. Acceleration and strain are among the most important physical quantities to judge the health of a structure. Although commercially available sensor boards have accelerometers, their applicability towards civil infrastructure is limited. This paper presents the development of new acceleration and strain sensor boards based on the Berkely-Mote platform and provides experimental verification of their performance within civil infrastructure applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61585940" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="812ea20ba467f93aed99e21161eb28d5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74574319,"asset_id":61585940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74574319/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52084245" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelRuizsandoval">Manuel Ruiz-sandoval</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52084245" type="text/json">{"id":52084245,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Ruiz-sandoval","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManuelRuizsandoval","display_name":"Manuel Ruiz-sandoval","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelRuizsandoval?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61585940 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61585940"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61585940, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61585940", }); 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To preserve this investment, attention must be given to proper maintenance. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has emerged as a tool to support this task. Networks of smart sensors, built upon wireless communication, have the potential to significantly improve SHM. Numerous platforms for smart sensors have been developed, most of which utilise proprietary hardware/software. The Berkeley Mote, utilised in this study, was the first open hardware/software platform to be developed. However, the Berkeley Mote was designed for generic applications and therefore the available sensors are not optimised for use in civil infrastructure applications. Acceleration and strain are among the most important physical quantities to judge the health of a structure. Although commercially available sensor boards have accelerometers, their applicability towards civil infrastructure is limited. This paper presents the development of new acceleration and strain sensor boards based on the Berkely-Mote platform and provides experimental verification of their performance within civil infrastructure applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74574319,"asset_id":61585940,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52084245,"first_name":"Manuel","last_name":"Ruiz-sandoval","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManuelRuizsandoval","display_name":"Manuel Ruiz-sandoval","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelRuizsandoval?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":14081,"name":"Structural Health Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Health_Monitoring?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":78434,"name":"Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":91936,"name":"Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hardware?f_ri=2370"},{"id":130124,"name":"Accelerometers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accelerometers?f_ri=2370"},{"id":201957,"name":"Acceleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceleration?f_ri=2370"},{"id":292710,"name":"Inversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inversion?f_ri=2370"},{"id":414312,"name":"Strain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strain?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1211847,"name":"Wireless Sensor Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Sensor_Network?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1232975,"name":"Wireless Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wireless_Communication-1?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5157259" data-work_id="5157259" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5157259/Critical_response_of_structures_to_multicomponent_earthquake_excitation">Critical response of structures to multicomponent earthquake excitation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper aims to develop an improved understanding of the critical response of structures to multicomponent seismic motion characterized by three uncorrelated components that are deÿned along its principal axes: two horizontal and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5157259" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper aims to develop an improved understanding of the critical response of structures to multicomponent seismic motion characterized by three uncorrelated components that are deÿned along its principal axes: two horizontal and the vertical component. An explicit formula, convenient for code applications, has been derived to calculate the critical value of structural response to the two principal horizontal components acting along any incident angle with respect to the structural axes, and the vertical component of ground motion. The critical response is deÿned as the largest value of response for all possible incident angles. The ratio rcr=rsrss between the critical value of response and the SRSS response-corresponding to the principal components of ground acceleration applied along the structure axes-is shown to depend on three dimensionless parameters: the spectrum intensity ratio between the two principal components of horizontal ground motion characterized by design spectra A(Tn) and A(Tn); the correlation coe cient of responses rx and ry due to design spectrum A(Tn) applied in the x-and y-directions, respectively; and ÿ = ry=rx. It is demonstrated that the ratio rcr=rsrss is bounded by 1 and (2=1 + 2 ). Thus the largest value of the ratio is √ 2, 1.26, 1.13 and 1.08 for = 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.85, respectively. This implies that the critical response never exceeds √ 2 times the result of the SRSS analysis, and this ratio is about 1.13 for typical values of , say 0.75. The correlation coe cient depends on the structural properties but is always bounded between −1 and 1. For a ÿxed value of , the ratio rcr=rsrss is largest if ÿ = 1 and = ± 1. The parametric variations presented for one-storey buildings indicate that this condition can be satisÿed by axial forces in columns of symmetric-plan buildings or can be approximated by lateral displacements in resisting elements of unsymmetrical-plan buildings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5157259" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f3fe6b2d8e63c08b14639af987b63525" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49424539,"asset_id":5157259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49424539/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6971449" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JulioHernandez8">Julio Hernandez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6971449" type="text/json">{"id":6971449,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Hernandez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioHernandez8","display_name":"Julio Hernandez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioHernandez8?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5157259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5157259"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5157259, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5157259", }); 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An explicit formula, convenient for code applications, has been derived to calculate the critical value of structural response to the two principal horizontal components acting along any incident angle with respect to the structural axes, and the vertical component of ground motion. The critical response is deÿned as the largest value of response for all possible incident angles. The ratio rcr=rsrss between the critical value of response and the SRSS response-corresponding to the principal components of ground acceleration applied along the structure axes-is shown to depend on three dimensionless parameters: the spectrum intensity ratio between the two principal components of horizontal ground motion characterized by design spectra A(Tn) and A(Tn); the correlation coe cient of responses rx and ry due to design spectrum A(Tn) applied in the x-and y-directions, respectively; and ÿ = ry=rx. It is demonstrated that the ratio rcr=rsrss is bounded by 1 and (2=1 + 2 ). Thus the largest value of the ratio is √ 2, 1.26, 1.13 and 1.08 for = 0, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.85, respectively. This implies that the critical response never exceeds √ 2 times the result of the SRSS analysis, and this ratio is about 1.13 for typical values of , say 0.75. The correlation coe cient depends on the structural properties but is always bounded between −1 and 1. For a ÿxed value of , the ratio rcr=rsrss is largest if ÿ = 1 and = ± 1. The parametric variations presented for one-storey buildings indicate that this condition can be satisÿed by axial forces in columns of symmetric-plan buildings or can be approximated by lateral displacements in resisting elements of unsymmetrical-plan buildings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49424539,"asset_id":5157259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6971449,"first_name":"Julio","last_name":"Hernandez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JulioHernandez8","display_name":"Julio Hernandez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JulioHernandez8?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":84745,"name":"Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movement?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":161318,"name":"Mathematical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Models?f_ri=2370"},{"id":201957,"name":"Acceleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceleration?f_ri=2370"},{"id":775583,"name":"Shear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31156436" data-work_id="31156436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31156436/Minoan_Earthquakes_Breaking_the_Myth_through_Interdisciplinarity">Minoan Earthquakes: Breaking the Myth through Interdisciplinarity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Forthcoming April 2017 <a href="http://upers.kuleuven.be/en/book/9789462701052" rel="nofollow">http://upers.kuleuven.be/en/book/9789462701052</a> Chapters by: Simon Jusseret (The University of Texas at Austin, Université catholique de Louvain) Manuel Sintubin (KU Leuven) Jan Driessen (Université catholique de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31156436" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Forthcoming April 2017<br /><br /><a href="http://upers.kuleuven.be/en/book/9789462701052" rel="nofollow">http://upers.kuleuven.be/en/book/9789462701052</a><br /><br />Chapters by:<br />Simon Jusseret (The University of Texas at Austin, Université catholique de Louvain)<br />Manuel Sintubin (KU Leuven)<br />Jan Driessen (Université catholique de Louvain)<br />Susan E. 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In particular, the superelastic properties of SMAs [Saadat et al., 200229. Saadat, S., Salichs, J., Noori, M., Hou, Z., Davoodi, H., Bar-on, I., Suzuki, Y. and Masuda, A. 2002. An overview of vibration and seismic applications of NiTi... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69278213" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... In particular, the superelastic properties of SMAs [Saadat et al., 200229. Saadat, S., Salichs, J., Noori, M., Hou, Z., Davoodi, H., Bar-on, I., Suzuki, Y. and Masuda, A. 2002. 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In particular, the superelastic properties of SMAs [Saadat et al., 200229. Saadat, S., Salichs, J., Noori, M., Hou, Z., Davoodi, H., Bar-on, I., Suzuki, Y. and Masuda, A. 2002. An overview of vibration and seismic applications of NiTi Shape memory alloy. ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5925507,"first_name":"Peyman","last_name":"Narjabadifam","domain_name":"tabrizu","page_name":"PeymanNarjabadifam","display_name":"Peyman Narjabadifam","profile_url":"https://tabrizu.academia.edu/PeymanNarjabadifam?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":14006,"name":"Seismic Base Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Base_Isolation?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":27212,"name":"Base Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Isolation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370"},{"id":53703,"name":"Shape Memory Alloys","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shape_Memory_Alloys?f_ri=2370"},{"id":193501,"name":"Shape Memory Alloy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shape_Memory_Alloy?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47391915" data-work_id="47391915" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47391915/Seismic_loss_assessment_of_steel_structures_equipped_with_rotational_friction_dampers_subjected_to_intensifying_dynamic_excitations">Seismic loss assessment of steel structures equipped with rotational friction dampers subjected to intensifying dynamic excitations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The expected seismic losses of structures with Rotational Friction Dampers (RFDs) are assessed by the Endurance Time (ET) method considering the optimal frictional moment of the devices. A practical method is proposed to obtain the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47391915" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The expected seismic losses of structures with Rotational Friction Dampers (RFDs) are assessed by the Endurance Time (ET) method considering the optimal frictional moment of the devices. A practical method is proposed to obtain the optimal frictional moment of the dampers in multi-story structures at multiple seismic hazard levels. The ET method is used as the analytical tool in this research due to its ability to reduce the number of required analyses and providing good estimations of structural responses at various hazard levels. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the dampers, the life cycle costs of a weak steel structure equipped with optimal RFDs are compared with a standard structure with optimal RFDs and without RFDs. To this end, a comprehensive performance evaluation is performed on the structures based on FEMA P-58 methodology. The ET method is also used as a tool to assess the structural responses in the framework of this methodology. The probability of collapse, fatalities, and expected damage costs are estimated utilizing a Monte Carlo procedure considering uncertainties. Also, a cost-benefit analysis is performed to determine the payback period of investment for the additional cost of the rotational friction damping systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47391915" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7ae9614c2f36e49789fb7740555b7215" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70125531,"asset_id":47391915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70125531/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10244479" href="https://tjamcaas.academia.edu/AmirShirkhani">Amir Shirkhani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10244479" type="text/json">{"id":10244479,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Shirkhani","domain_name":"tjamcaas","page_name":"AmirShirkhani","display_name":"Amir Shirkhani","profile_url":"https://tjamcaas.academia.edu/AmirShirkhani?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244479/3139094/160139572/s65_amir.shirkhani.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47391915 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47391915"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47391915, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47391915", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47391915]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47391915").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47391915").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47391915"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5493" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics">Nonlinear dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5493" type="text/json">{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47391915]'), work: {"id":47391915,"title":"Seismic loss assessment of steel structures equipped with rotational friction dampers subjected to intensifying dynamic excitations","created_at":"2021-04-21T21:50:42.705-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47391915/Seismic_loss_assessment_of_steel_structures_equipped_with_rotational_friction_dampers_subjected_to_intensifying_dynamic_excitations?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_47391915","summary":"The expected seismic losses of structures with Rotational Friction Dampers (RFDs) are assessed by the Endurance Time (ET) method considering the optimal frictional moment of the devices. A practical method is proposed to obtain the optimal frictional moment of the dampers in multi-story structures at multiple seismic hazard levels. The ET method is used as the analytical tool in this research due to its ability to reduce the number of required analyses and providing good estimations of structural responses at various hazard levels. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the dampers, the life cycle costs of a weak steel structure equipped with optimal RFDs are compared with a standard structure with optimal RFDs and without RFDs. To this end, a comprehensive performance evaluation is performed on the structures based on FEMA P-58 methodology. The ET method is also used as a tool to assess the structural responses in the framework of this methodology. The probability of collapse, fatalities, and expected damage costs are estimated utilizing a Monte Carlo procedure considering uncertainties. Also, a cost-benefit analysis is performed to determine the payback period of investment for the additional cost of the rotational friction damping systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70125531,"asset_id":47391915,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10244479,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Shirkhani","domain_name":"tjamcaas","page_name":"AmirShirkhani","display_name":"Amir Shirkhani","profile_url":"https://tjamcaas.academia.edu/AmirShirkhani?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10244479/3139094/160139572/s65_amir.shirkhani.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=2370"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit?f_ri=2370"},{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":62249,"name":"Steel Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steel_Structures?f_ri=2370"},{"id":68432,"name":"Nonlinear Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":101781,"name":"Dampers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dampers?f_ri=2370"},{"id":106059,"name":"Endurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endurance?f_ri=2370"},{"id":182054,"name":"Friction damper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Friction_damper?f_ri=2370"},{"id":215651,"name":"Time-history analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time-history_analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1910161,"name":"Rotational Friction Damper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rotational_Friction_Damper?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4954777" data-work_id="4954777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4954777/Assessment_of_seismic_design_procedures_based_on_the_total_cost">Assessment of seismic design procedures based on the total cost</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The assessment of seismic design codes has become the subject of intensive research work which revealed several weak points of the codes that originated from the limitations in predicting with acceptable precision the response of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4954777" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The assessment of seismic design codes has become the subject of intensive research work which revealed several weak points of the codes that originated from the limitations in predicting with acceptable precision the response of a structure under a moderate or severe earthquake. Most of the seismic design codes belong to the class of prescriptive procedures, where if certain constraints are fulfilled, the structure is considered safe. Prescriptive design procedures fail to provide acceptable levels of structural performance over its life because, in most of them, the structure is assessed using only one design earthquake. Performance-based design is a different philosophy for designing against hazards; the structure is designed to meet a number of performance objectives. The objectives of this study is to compare the initial and limit state-dependent cost of an RC building designed either to meet the provisions of the Greek national seismic design code or based on a performance-based design procedure. Two were the most important findings of this study: (i) the initial cost for an RC structure, designed to permit elastic behaviour for the response spectrum of the Greek national seismic code, is not prohibitive and (ii) that an RC structure based on the proposed performance-based design procedure lead to economical designs with respect to the total cost compared to a code conforming design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4954777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1aa5ea4e38e5992d46313a9173ed1b4d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49515105,"asset_id":4954777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49515105/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6526849" href="https://ntua.academia.edu/NikosLagaros">Nikos Lagaros</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6526849" type="text/json">{"id":6526849,"first_name":"Nikos","last_name":"Lagaros","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"NikosLagaros","display_name":"Nikos Lagaros","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/NikosLagaros?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6526849/2621271/3044155/s65_nikos.lagaros.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4954777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4954777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4954777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4954777", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4954777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4954777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4954777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4954777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43715" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Design">Seismic Design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43715" type="text/json">{"id":43715,"name":"Seismic Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Design?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4954777]'), work: {"id":4954777,"title":"Assessment of seismic design procedures based on the total cost","created_at":"2013-10-31T23:28:54.004-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4954777/Assessment_of_seismic_design_procedures_based_on_the_total_cost?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_4954777","summary":"The assessment of seismic design codes has become the subject of intensive research work which revealed several weak points of the codes that originated from the limitations in predicting with acceptable precision the response of a structure under a moderate or severe earthquake. Most of the seismic design codes belong to the class of prescriptive procedures, where if certain constraints are fulfilled, the structure is considered safe. Prescriptive design procedures fail to provide acceptable levels of structural performance over its life because, in most of them, the structure is assessed using only one design earthquake. Performance-based design is a different philosophy for designing against hazards; the structure is designed to meet a number of performance objectives. The objectives of this study is to compare the initial and limit state-dependent cost of an RC building designed either to meet the provisions of the Greek national seismic design code or based on a performance-based design procedure. Two were the most important findings of this study: (i) the initial cost for an RC structure, designed to permit elastic behaviour for the response spectrum of the Greek national seismic code, is not prohibitive and (ii) that an RC structure based on the proposed performance-based design procedure lead to economical designs with respect to the total cost compared to a code conforming design. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49515105,"asset_id":4954777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6526849,"first_name":"Nikos","last_name":"Lagaros","domain_name":"ntua","page_name":"NikosLagaros","display_name":"Nikos Lagaros","profile_url":"https://ntua.academia.edu/NikosLagaros?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6526849/2621271/3044155/s65_nikos.lagaros.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":43715,"name":"Seismic Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Design?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":116579,"name":"Lead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lead?f_ri=2370"},{"id":220049,"name":"Accuracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accuracy?f_ri=2370"},{"id":638808,"name":"Precision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precision?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76764058" data-work_id="76764058" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76764058/Green_Cloud_Computing">Green Cloud Computing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76764058" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90238aa1d9d12a0f539de5ca98805c89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84364511,"asset_id":76764058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76764058"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1037" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy">Agronomy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1037" type="text/json">{"id":1037,"name":"Agronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1185" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing">Image Processing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1185" type="text/json">{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1283" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security">Information Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1283" type="text/json">{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2008" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machine_Learning">Machine Learning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2008" type="text/json">{"id":2008,"name":"Machine Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machine_Learning?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76764058]'), work: {"id":76764058,"title":"Green Cloud Computing","created_at":"2022-04-17T19:46:28.494-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76764058/Green_Cloud_Computing?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_76764058","summary":"This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84364511,"asset_id":76764058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":143818534,"first_name":"haripriya","last_name":"gavali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"haripriyagavali","display_name":"haripriya gavali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/haripriyagavali?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/143818534/39533580/32681672/s65_haripriya.gavali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1037,"name":"Agronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agronomy?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1185,"name":"Image Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image_Processing?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2008,"name":"Machine Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Machine_Learning?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2009,"name":"Data Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Mining?f_ri=2370"},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=2370"},{"id":10225,"name":"Agriculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agriculture?f_ri=2370"},{"id":13923,"name":"Computer Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Security?f_ri=2370"},{"id":16542,"name":"Cryptography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryptography?f_ri=2370"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=2370"},{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=2370"},{"id":32433,"name":"Logistic Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Regression?f_ri=2370"},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370"},{"id":37939,"name":"Arduino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arduino?f_ri=2370"},{"id":918603,"name":"Green Cloud Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Cloud_Computing?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1185686,"name":"Expansion Joints","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expansion_Joints?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1315373,"name":"IR Sensor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IR_Sensor?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1315606,"name":"Detection Colour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Detection_Colour?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61741840" data-work_id="61741840" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61741840/Performance_based_optimum_seismic_design_of_reinforced_concrete_structures">Performance-based optimum seismic design of reinforced concrete structures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A fully automated design methodology based on nonlinear response history analysis is proposed for the optimum seismic design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The conventional trial-and-error process is replaced by a structural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61741840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A fully automated design methodology based on nonlinear response history analysis is proposed for the optimum seismic design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The conventional trial-and-error process is replaced by a structural optimization algorithm that serves as a search engine capable of locating the most efficient design in terms of cost and performance. Two variations of the proposed design methodology are introduced. The first approach treats the optimum design problem in a deterministic manner, while in the second variation the optimum design is sought in the framework of a reliability-based optimization problem. The reliability-based approach seems to be a more rational procedure since more meaningful design criteria that correlate better with the performance-based design concept can be adopted. Thus, the practice of using the mean annual frequency of a limit-state being exceeded to assess the candidate designs is compared with the use of deterministic criteria. Both ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61741840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7dff353b8e05d54afd53b678e200b07a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74702566,"asset_id":61741840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74702566/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43344006" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManolisPapadrakakis">Manolis Papadrakakis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43344006" type="text/json">{"id":43344006,"first_name":"Manolis","last_name":"Papadrakakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManolisPapadrakakis","display_name":"Manolis Papadrakakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManolisPapadrakakis?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61741840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61741840"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61741840, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61741840", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61741840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61741840").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61741840").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61741840"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance">Performance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9043" type="text/json">{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61741840]'), work: {"id":61741840,"title":"Performance-based optimum seismic design of reinforced concrete structures","created_at":"2021-11-15T21:16:12.804-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61741840/Performance_based_optimum_seismic_design_of_reinforced_concrete_structures?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_61741840","summary":"A fully automated design methodology based on nonlinear response history analysis is proposed for the optimum seismic design of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The conventional trial-and-error process is replaced by a structural optimization algorithm that serves as a search engine capable of locating the most efficient design in terms of cost and performance. Two variations of the proposed design methodology are introduced. The first approach treats the optimum design problem in a deterministic manner, while in the second variation the optimum design is sought in the framework of a reliability-based optimization problem. The reliability-based approach seems to be a more rational procedure since more meaningful design criteria that correlate better with the performance-based design concept can be adopted. Thus, the practice of using the mean annual frequency of a limit-state being exceeded to assess the candidate designs is compared with the use of deterministic criteria. Both ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74702566,"asset_id":61741840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43344006,"first_name":"Manolis","last_name":"Papadrakakis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ManolisPapadrakakis","display_name":"Manolis Papadrakakis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ManolisPapadrakakis?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":43715,"name":"Seismic Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Design?f_ri=2370"},{"id":43981,"name":"Optimization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimization?f_ri=2370"},{"id":46271,"name":"Strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategy?f_ri=2370"},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":123506,"name":"Reliability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reliability?f_ri=2370"},{"id":137570,"name":"Data Bases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Bases?f_ri=2370"},{"id":144046,"name":"Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency?f_ri=2370"},{"id":182211,"name":"Performances","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performances?f_ri=2370"},{"id":184683,"name":"Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reduction?f_ri=2370"},{"id":405713,"name":"Collapse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collapse?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1210850,"name":"Cascade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cascade?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49353591" data-work_id="49353591" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49353591/Smoothed_Gridded_Seismicity_Effect_for_Land_Use_Development_Case_Study_Kalimantan_Island_Indonesia">Smoothed Gridded Seismicity Effect for Land-Use Development, Case Study Kalimantan Island, Indonesia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Smoothed gridded seismicity is an analysis model in seismicity that allows for the obtaining of a rate based on the b-value and the same magnitude range. The data study has been collected and analyzed from a background source gath-ered by... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49353591" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Smoothed gridded seismicity is an analysis model in seismicity that allows for the obtaining of a rate based on the b-value and the same magnitude range. The data study has been collected and analyzed from a background source gath-ered by PusGen, referred to as the PusGen catalogue, with approximately 70 thousand data points. Two software pro-grams (i.e. USGS PSHA and OpenQuake) were utilized in this study, and both programs have been proven as reliable in the creation of the 2017 Indonesia Earthquake Hazard Map. The final steps are to compare the acceleration map results with the Kalimantan Island land-use map and to analyze suitability development planning against potential hazards and earthquake risks. The results stated that: (1) acceleration due to the shallow background earthquake for the Kalimantan region, range from 0.00-0.25g (using USGS PSHA) and 0.0-0.4g (using OpenQuake); (2) meanwhile, based on the deep background earthquake source, the maximum accelerations that occur are 0.15g and 0.25g when using USGS PSHA and OpenQuake, respectively; (3) the utilized of land-use for the current and future years is in line with the results of the acceleration simulation. The study recommends to take into account the seismic aspects in new planning of the capital city, mining and residential areas in order to reduce the existing risks.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49353591" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ca336b9e049a68a83e4c51c4f33bb35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67727472,"asset_id":49353591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67727472/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45286060" href="https://bayuutomo.academia.edu/PRAHARAIQBAL">PRAHARA IQBAL</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45286060" type="text/json">{"id":45286060,"first_name":"PRAHARA","last_name":"IQBAL","domain_name":"bayuutomo","page_name":"PRAHARAIQBAL","display_name":"PRAHARA IQBAL","profile_url":"https://bayuutomo.academia.edu/PRAHARAIQBAL?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45286060/17602346/151866718/s65_prahara.iqbal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49353591 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49353591"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49353591, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49353591", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49353591]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49353591").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49353591").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49353591"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21117" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geotechnical_Engineering">Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="21117" type="text/json">{"id":21117,"name":"Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geotechnical_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49353591]'), work: {"id":49353591,"title":"Smoothed Gridded Seismicity Effect for Land-Use Development, Case Study Kalimantan Island, Indonesia","created_at":"2021-06-23T18:27:15.285-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49353591/Smoothed_Gridded_Seismicity_Effect_for_Land_Use_Development_Case_Study_Kalimantan_Island_Indonesia?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_49353591","summary":"Smoothed gridded seismicity is an analysis model in seismicity that allows for the obtaining of a rate based on the b-value and the same magnitude range. The data study has been collected and analyzed from a background source gath-ered by PusGen, referred to as the PusGen catalogue, with approximately 70 thousand data points. Two software pro-grams (i.e. USGS PSHA and OpenQuake) were utilized in this study, and both programs have been proven as reliable in the creation of the 2017 Indonesia Earthquake Hazard Map. The final steps are to compare the acceleration map results with the Kalimantan Island land-use map and to analyze suitability development planning against potential hazards and earthquake risks. The results stated that: (1) acceleration due to the shallow background earthquake for the Kalimantan region, range from 0.00-0.25g (using USGS PSHA) and 0.0-0.4g (using OpenQuake); (2) meanwhile, based on the deep background earthquake source, the maximum accelerations that occur are 0.15g and 0.25g when using USGS PSHA and OpenQuake, respectively; (3) the utilized of land-use for the current and future years is in line with the results of the acceleration simulation. The study recommends to take into account the seismic aspects in new planning of the capital city, mining and residential areas in order to reduce the existing risks.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67727472,"asset_id":49353591,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45286060,"first_name":"PRAHARA","last_name":"IQBAL","domain_name":"bayuutomo","page_name":"PRAHARAIQBAL","display_name":"PRAHARA IQBAL","profile_url":"https://bayuutomo.academia.edu/PRAHARAIQBAL?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45286060/17602346/151866718/s65_prahara.iqbal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":21117,"name":"Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geotechnical_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38223942" data-work_id="38223942" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38223942/Soil_Liquefaction_Potential_and_Influence_of_Its_Reinforcement_By_Micro_Pile_Method_pdf">Soil Liquefaction Potential and Influence of Its Reinforcement By Micro Pile Method.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Interaction between pile and soil is one the most important cases in Geotechnical engineering and also related sciences. Many of scholars have already explored this issue and examined various aspects of the behavior of piles under... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38223942" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Interaction between pile and soil is one the most important cases in Geotechnical engineering and also related sciences. Many of scholars have already explored this issue and examined various aspects of the behavior of piles under influence of different loads. Due to increasing of Micro piles in the last decade and Liquefaction dangerous due to earthquake, in this study micro pile bearing capacity is considered. Numerically, Micro piles behavior for reinforcing of saturated soil is studied. 3-D dynamic finite element method for analyzing of saturated porous condition based on the Biot equations has been used. Governing equations consist of soil displacement and water relative displacement as initial variable are supposed. Cyclic Elasto-plastic behavior of soil under earthquake loading is simulated by using a generalized plasticity theory composing of a yield surface together with non-associated flow rule. In this study, effects of model with one micro pile, without micro pile and model with micro piles group are investigated on the liquefaction potential.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38223942" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17a0bc0d6cdceedceae6652513e08639" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58263742,"asset_id":38223942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58263742/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29887540" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EimanFathi">Eiman Fathi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29887540" type="text/json">{"id":29887540,"first_name":"Eiman","last_name":"Fathi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EimanFathi","display_name":"Eiman Fathi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EimanFathi?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29887540/10038889/20990747/s65_eiman.fathi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38223942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38223942"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38223942, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38223942", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38223942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38223942; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38223942"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38223942 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38223942"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38223942; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38223942]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38223942").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38223942").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38223942"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3717" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical_Engineering">Geotechnical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3717" type="text/json">{"id":3717,"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61755" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Geology_and_Geotechnical_Problems">Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Problems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61755" type="text/json">{"id":61755,"name":"Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Geology_and_Geotechnical_Problems?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38223942]'), work: {"id":38223942,"title":"Soil Liquefaction Potential and Influence of Its Reinforcement By Micro Pile Method.pdf","created_at":"2019-01-25T23:57:09.907-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38223942/Soil_Liquefaction_Potential_and_Influence_of_Its_Reinforcement_By_Micro_Pile_Method_pdf?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_38223942","summary":"Interaction between pile and soil is one the most important cases in Geotechnical engineering and also related sciences. Many of scholars have already explored this issue and examined various aspects of the behavior of piles under influence of different loads. Due to increasing of Micro piles in the last decade and Liquefaction dangerous due to earthquake, in this study micro pile bearing capacity is considered. Numerically, Micro piles behavior for reinforcing of saturated soil is studied. 3-D dynamic finite element method for analyzing of saturated porous condition based on the Biot equations has been used. Governing equations consist of soil displacement and water relative displacement as initial variable are supposed. Cyclic Elasto-plastic behavior of soil under earthquake loading is simulated by using a generalized plasticity theory composing of a yield surface together with non-associated flow rule. In this study, effects of model with one micro pile, without micro pile and model with micro piles group are investigated on the liquefaction potential.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58263742,"asset_id":38223942,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29887540,"first_name":"Eiman","last_name":"Fathi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EimanFathi","display_name":"Eiman Fathi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EimanFathi?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29887540/10038889/20990747/s65_eiman.fathi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":3717,"name":"Geotechnical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":61755,"name":"Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Problems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Geology_and_Geotechnical_Problems?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3853106 coauthored" data-work_id="3853106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3853106/The_1561_Earthquake_s_in_Southern_Italy_New_Insights_into_a_Complex_Seismic_Sequence">The 1561 Earthquake(s) in Southern Italy: New Insights into a Complex Seismic Sequence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the summer of 1561, a strong seismic sequence struck southern Italy, then the Spanish-ruled Kingdom of Naples. Both the Italian seismological tradition and the latest catalogues locate it in the Vallo di Diano (Diano Valley), a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3853106" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the summer of 1561, a strong seismic sequence struck southern Italy, then the Spanish-ruled Kingdom of Naples. Both the Italian seismological tradition and the latest catalogues locate it in the Vallo di Diano (Diano Valley), a low-seismicity intermontane basin 100 km south-east of Naples. We explore the hypothesis that current perception of the 1561 earthquake is distorted by the nature of the historical dataset from which its parameters have been assessed, and which mostly derive from a single—albeit very detailed—primary source. We present and discuss several previously unconsidered original accounts. Our results cast doubts on the traditional interpretation of the earthquake, which could have been either one Vallo di Diano mainshock or several strong earthquakes within a time/space window compact enough for contemporary viewers to perceive them as one. Unquestionably, there is much more to the 1561 earthquake(s) than previously appeared. We hope that this groundbreaking effort will rekindle the interest of the seismological community in this seismic episode, our knowledge of which is still far from complete.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3853106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9def8619659ad92a145d37ceeead8ec9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50115165,"asset_id":3853106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50115165/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4742329" href="https://ingv.academia.edu/VivianaCastelli">Viviana Castelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4742329" type="text/json">{"id":4742329,"first_name":"Viviana","last_name":"Castelli","domain_name":"ingv","page_name":"VivianaCastelli","display_name":"Viviana Castelli","profile_url":"https://ingv.academia.edu/VivianaCastelli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-3853106">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-3853106"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ingv.academia.edu/Caracciolo">Carlos H. Caracciolo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-3853106'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-3853106').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3853106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3853106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3853106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3853106", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3853106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3853106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3853106"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3853106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3853106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3853106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3853106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3853106").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3853106").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3853106"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History">Early Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1727" type="text/json">{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake">Earthquake</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33662" type="text/json">{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3853106]'), work: {"id":3853106,"title":"The 1561 Earthquake(s) in Southern Italy: New Insights into a Complex Seismic Sequence","created_at":"2013-07-04T01:15:12.559-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3853106/The_1561_Earthquake_s_in_Southern_Italy_New_Insights_into_a_Complex_Seismic_Sequence?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_3853106","summary":"In the summer of 1561, a strong seismic sequence struck southern Italy, then the Spanish-ruled Kingdom of Naples. Both the Italian seismological tradition and the latest catalogues locate it in the Vallo di Diano (Diano Valley), a low-seismicity intermontane basin 100 km south-east of Naples. We explore the hypothesis that current perception of the 1561 earthquake is distorted by the nature of the historical dataset from which its parameters have been assessed, and which mostly derive from a single—albeit very detailed—primary source. We present and discuss several previously unconsidered original accounts. Our results cast doubts on the traditional interpretation of the earthquake, which could have been either one Vallo di Diano mainshock or several strong earthquakes within a time/space window compact enough for contemporary viewers to perceive them as one. Unquestionably, there is much more to the 1561 earthquake(s) than previously appeared. We hope that this groundbreaking effort will rekindle the interest of the seismological community in this seismic episode, our knowledge of which is still far from complete.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50115165,"asset_id":3853106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4742329,"first_name":"Viviana","last_name":"Castelli","domain_name":"ingv","page_name":"VivianaCastelli","display_name":"Viviana Castelli","profile_url":"https://ingv.academia.edu/VivianaCastelli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":23468376,"first_name":"Carlos H.","last_name":"Caracciolo","domain_name":"ingv","page_name":"Caracciolo","display_name":"Carlos H. Caracciolo","profile_url":"https://ingv.academia.edu/Caracciolo?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":55819,"name":"Historical Seismology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Seismology?f_ri=2370"},{"id":85561,"name":"History of Southern Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Southern_Italy?f_ri=2370"},{"id":711644,"name":"Active Fault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Fault?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24149375" data-work_id="24149375" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24149375/Large_Scale_Experimental_Investigation_on_Mustafa_Pasha_Mosque">Large-Scale Experimental Investigation on Mustafa Pasha Mosque</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">To evaluate the seismic stability of Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Skopje strengthened by an advanced mixed technology, shaking table tests were carried out on a model in scale 1:6. The investigation was performed within the activities of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24149375" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">To evaluate the seismic stability of Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Skopje strengthened by an advanced mixed technology, shaking table tests were carried out on a model in scale 1:6. The investigation was performed within the activities of the Sixth Framework Program PROHITECH -"Earthquake Protection of Historical Buildings by Reversible Mixed Technologies". To define the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening the testing procedure consisted of two main phases: testing of the original model and testing of the strengthened model. The observed seismic behavior and damage during each phase of the testing program have been analyzed on the basis of the obtained experimental results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24149375" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d4d9f8b8ebe40a7edbc7c8f30a4f8f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44500994,"asset_id":24149375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44500994/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39619579" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KirilGramatikov">Kiril Gramatikov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39619579" type="text/json">{"id":39619579,"first_name":"Kiril","last_name":"Gramatikov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KirilGramatikov","display_name":"Kiril Gramatikov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KirilGramatikov?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24149375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24149375"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24149375, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24149375", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24149375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24149375").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24149375").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24149375"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake">Earthquake</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33662" type="text/json">{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="758278" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale">Large Scale</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="758278" type="text/json">{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24149375]'), work: {"id":24149375,"title":"Large-Scale Experimental Investigation on Mustafa Pasha Mosque","created_at":"2016-04-07T01:23:43.703-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24149375/Large_Scale_Experimental_Investigation_on_Mustafa_Pasha_Mosque?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_24149375","summary":"To evaluate the seismic stability of Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Skopje strengthened by an advanced mixed technology, shaking table tests were carried out on a model in scale 1:6. The investigation was performed within the activities of the Sixth Framework Program PROHITECH -\"Earthquake Protection of Historical Buildings by Reversible Mixed Technologies\". To define the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening the testing procedure consisted of two main phases: testing of the original model and testing of the strengthened model. The observed seismic behavior and damage during each phase of the testing program have been analyzed on the basis of the obtained experimental results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44500994,"asset_id":24149375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39619579,"first_name":"Kiril","last_name":"Gramatikov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KirilGramatikov","display_name":"Kiril Gramatikov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KirilGramatikov?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":758278,"name":"Large Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_Scale?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47842207" data-work_id="47842207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47842207/Evaluation_of_Uncertainties_in_the_Seismic_Assessment_of_Existing_Masonry_Buildings">Evaluation of Uncertainties in the Seismic Assessment of Existing Masonry Buildings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47842207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7e2483ef1d1f273113058259b0f192c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66757511,"asset_id":47842207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66757511/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39216912" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GMagenes">G. 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Magenes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GMagenes?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":6974,"name":"Monte Carlo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":192875,"name":"Building Codes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Codes?f_ri=2370"},{"id":573169,"name":"In Situ Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/In_Situ_Tests?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1773475,"name":"Epistemic Uncertainty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epistemic_Uncertainty?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4212040" data-work_id="4212040" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4212040/Towards_a_Collaborative_Portal_Environment_for_Earthquake_Engineering">Towards a Collaborative Portal Environment for Earthquake Engineering</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A "cyberinfrastructure" encompasses advanced scientific computing as well as a more comprehensive infrastructure for research and education based upon distributed, federated networks of computers, information resources, on-line... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4212040" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A "cyberinfrastructure" encompasses advanced scientific computing as well as a more comprehensive infrastructure for research and education based upon distributed, federated networks of computers, information resources, on-line instruments, and human interfaces. The NEES Cyberinfrastructure Center (NEESit) has been created to deliver tools and infrastructure to enable earthquake engineers to remotely participate in experiments, perform hybrid simulations, organize and share data, and collaborate with colleagues. One of the key challenges in building such cyberinfrastructures is how to expose the back-end functionality to the end-users in an easy to use manner, in such a way that it is easy to implement, maintain, and manage. With the advent of Web 2.0 technologies, the trend has been for "Web portals" to aggregate information content from diverse sources that are implemented as a Services Oriented Architecture (SOA), and present them in a unified way. We are proposing an SOA for NEESit, along with a Web portal environment for accessing back-end computational and data resources. In this paper, we describe the current and proposed NEESit architectures, and present our initial prototype called "NEESsphere". NEESsphere features include the ability to contribute and share files and databases, access to back-end computational resources for running simulations, earthquake engineering examples and tutorials utilizing scientific workflow tools, and an online educational hybrid simulation test environment. We strongly believe that portals and SOAs are the future of all cyberinfrastructures, due to flexibility, easy of implementation and use, and the ability to leverage a diverse set of information sources at the back-end.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4212040" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e82fad09776e60b26bf7d8c469c58d74" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31702569,"asset_id":4212040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31702569/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5096677" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/LelliVanDenEinde">Lelli Van Den Einde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5096677" type="text/json">{"id":5096677,"first_name":"Lelli","last_name":"Van Den Einde","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"LelliVanDenEinde","display_name":"Lelli Van Den Einde","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/LelliVanDenEinde?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5096677/2228909/2608655/s65_lelli.van_den_einde.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4212040 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4212040"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4212040, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4212040", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4212040]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4212040").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4212040").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4212040"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3205" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Oriented_Architecture">Service Oriented Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3205" type="text/json">{"id":3205,"name":"Service Oriented Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Oriented_Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Computing">Scientific Computing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="35639" type="text/json">{"id":35639,"name":"Scientific Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Computing?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4212040]'), work: {"id":4212040,"title":"Towards a Collaborative Portal Environment for Earthquake Engineering","created_at":"2013-08-10T11:20:50.147-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4212040/Towards_a_Collaborative_Portal_Environment_for_Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_4212040","summary":"A \"cyberinfrastructure\" encompasses advanced scientific computing as well as a more comprehensive infrastructure for research and education based upon distributed, federated networks of computers, information resources, on-line instruments, and human interfaces. The NEES Cyberinfrastructure Center (NEESit) has been created to deliver tools and infrastructure to enable earthquake engineers to remotely participate in experiments, perform hybrid simulations, organize and share data, and collaborate with colleagues. One of the key challenges in building such cyberinfrastructures is how to expose the back-end functionality to the end-users in an easy to use manner, in such a way that it is easy to implement, maintain, and manage. With the advent of Web 2.0 technologies, the trend has been for \"Web portals\" to aggregate information content from diverse sources that are implemented as a Services Oriented Architecture (SOA), and present them in a unified way. We are proposing an SOA for NEESit, along with a Web portal environment for accessing back-end computational and data resources. In this paper, we describe the current and proposed NEESit architectures, and present our initial prototype called \"NEESsphere\". NEESsphere features include the ability to contribute and share files and databases, access to back-end computational resources for running simulations, earthquake engineering examples and tutorials utilizing scientific workflow tools, and an online educational hybrid simulation test environment. We strongly believe that portals and SOAs are the future of all cyberinfrastructures, due to flexibility, easy of implementation and use, and the ability to leverage a diverse set of information sources at the back-end.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31702569,"asset_id":4212040,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5096677,"first_name":"Lelli","last_name":"Van Den Einde","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"LelliVanDenEinde","display_name":"Lelli Van Den Einde","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/LelliVanDenEinde?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5096677/2228909/2608655/s65_lelli.van_den_einde.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":3205,"name":"Service Oriented Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Oriented_Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":35639,"name":"Scientific Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Computing?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":104112,"name":"Information Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Sources?f_ri=2370"},{"id":313898,"name":"Information Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Content?f_ri=2370"},{"id":447972,"name":"Scientific Workflow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Workflow?f_ri=2370"},{"id":578073,"name":"Web Portal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Web_Portal?f_ri=2370"},{"id":657124,"name":"Human Interface","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Interface?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18476889 coauthored" data-work_id="18476889" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18476889/The_Open_Source_DataTurbine_Initiative_Streaming_data_middleware_for_environmental_observing_systems">The Open Source DataTurbine Initiative: Streaming data middleware for environmental observing systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Open Source DataTurbine Initiative is an international community of scientists and engineers sharing a common interest in real-time streaming data middleware and applications. The technology base of the OSDT Initiative is the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18476889" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Open Source DataTurbine Initiative is an international community of scientists and engineers sharing a common interest in real-time streaming data middleware and applications. The technology base of the OSDT Initiative is the DataTurbine open source middleware. Key applications of DataTurbine include coral reef monitoring, lake monitoring and limnology, biodiversity and animal tracking, structural health monitoring and earthquake engineering, airborne environmental monitoring, and environmental sustainability. DataTurbine software emerged as a commercial product in the 1990's from collaborations between NASA and private industry. In October 2007, a grant from the USA National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Cyberinfrastructure allowed us to transition DataTurbine from a proprietary software product into an open source software initiative. This paper describes the DataTurbine software and highlights key applications in environmental monitoring.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18476889" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f58d73c6bebde78ebb5c455307f824e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40084041,"asset_id":18476889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40084041/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38491240" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TonyFountain">Tony Fountain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38491240" type="text/json">{"id":38491240,"first_name":"Tony","last_name":"Fountain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TonyFountain","display_name":"Tony Fountain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TonyFountain?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18476889">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18476889"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LawrenceFreudinger">Lawrence Freudinger</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18476889'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18476889').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18476889 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18476889"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18476889; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18476889]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18476889").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18476889").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18476889"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4672" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Software">Open Source Software</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4672" type="text/json">{"id":4672,"name":"Open Source Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Software?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14081" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Health_Monitoring">Structural Health Monitoring</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14081" type="text/json">{"id":14081,"name":"Structural Health Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Health_Monitoring?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18476889]'), work: {"id":18476889,"title":"The Open Source DataTurbine Initiative: Streaming data middleware for environmental observing systems","created_at":"2015-11-16T17:23:54.256-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18476889/The_Open_Source_DataTurbine_Initiative_Streaming_data_middleware_for_environmental_observing_systems?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_18476889","summary":"The Open Source DataTurbine Initiative is an international community of scientists and engineers sharing a common interest in real-time streaming data middleware and applications. The technology base of the OSDT Initiative is the DataTurbine open source middleware. Key applications of DataTurbine include coral reef monitoring, lake monitoring and limnology, biodiversity and animal tracking, structural health monitoring and earthquake engineering, airborne environmental monitoring, and environmental sustainability. DataTurbine software emerged as a commercial product in the 1990's from collaborations between NASA and private industry. In October 2007, a grant from the USA National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Cyberinfrastructure allowed us to transition DataTurbine from a proprietary software product into an open source software initiative. This paper describes the DataTurbine software and highlights key applications in environmental monitoring.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40084041,"asset_id":18476889,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38491240,"first_name":"Tony","last_name":"Fountain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TonyFountain","display_name":"Tony Fountain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TonyFountain?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38647422,"first_name":"Lawrence","last_name":"Freudinger","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LawrenceFreudinger","display_name":"Lawrence Freudinger","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LawrenceFreudinger?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":4672,"name":"Open Source Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Software?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":14081,"name":"Structural Health Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Health_Monitoring?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=2370"},{"id":36365,"name":"Middleware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middleware?f_ri=2370"},{"id":45834,"name":"Open Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source?f_ri=2370"},{"id":47879,"name":"National Science Foundation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Science_Foundation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":143611,"name":"Coral Reef","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coral_Reef?f_ri=2370"},{"id":158569,"name":"Sensor Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensor_Network?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17589919" data-work_id="17589919" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17589919/Seismic_performance_of_an_unreinforced_masonry_building_An_experimental_investigation">Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental investigation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick masonry house with one room in each floor. A half-scale building constructed using single wythe clay... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17589919" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick masonry house with one room in each floor. A half-scale building constructed using single wythe clay brick masonry laid in cement sand mortar and a conventional timber floor and timber roof clad with clay tiles was tested under earthquake ground motions on a shaking table, first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction. In each direction, the building was subjected to different ground motions with gradually increasing intensity. Dynamic properties of the system were assessed through white noise tests after each ground motion. The building suffered increasing levels of damage as the excitations became more severe. The damage ranged from cracking to global/local rocking of different piers and partial out-of-plane failure of the walls. Nevertheless, the building did not collapse under base excitations with PGA up to 0.8g. General behaviour of the tested building model during the tests is discussed, and fragility curves are developed for unreinforced masonry buildings based on the experimental results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17589919" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd561918c6f26be82d47fe1536e41110" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39599058,"asset_id":17589919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39599058/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37419441" href="https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/RajeshDhakal">Rajesh Dhakal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37419441" type="text/json">{"id":37419441,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Dhakal","domain_name":"canterbury-nz","page_name":"RajeshDhakal","display_name":"Rajesh Dhakal","profile_url":"https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/RajeshDhakal?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17589919 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17589919"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17589919, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17589919", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17589919]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17589919").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17589919").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17589919"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95992" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics">Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95992" type="text/json">{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17589919]'), work: {"id":17589919,"title":"Seismic performance of an unreinforced masonry building: An experimental investigation","created_at":"2015-11-01T19:00:23.936-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17589919/Seismic_performance_of_an_unreinforced_masonry_building_An_experimental_investigation?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_17589919","summary":"This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to investigate the seismic performance of a two storey brick masonry house with one room in each floor. A half-scale building constructed using single wythe clay brick masonry laid in cement sand mortar and a conventional timber floor and timber roof clad with clay tiles was tested under earthquake ground motions on a shaking table, first in the longitudinal direction and then in the transverse direction. In each direction, the building was subjected to different ground motions with gradually increasing intensity. Dynamic properties of the system were assessed through white noise tests after each ground motion. The building suffered increasing levels of damage as the excitations became more severe. The damage ranged from cracking to global/local rocking of different piers and partial out-of-plane failure of the walls. Nevertheless, the building did not collapse under base excitations with PGA up to 0.8g. General behaviour of the tested building model during the tests is discussed, and fragility curves are developed for unreinforced masonry buildings based on the experimental results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39599058,"asset_id":17589919,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37419441,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Dhakal","domain_name":"canterbury-nz","page_name":"RajeshDhakal","display_name":"Rajesh Dhakal","profile_url":"https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/RajeshDhakal?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13333710" data-work_id="13333710" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13333710/The_use_of_damage_functionals_in_earthquake_engineering_A_comparison_between_different_methods">The use of damage functionals in earthquake engineering: A comparison between different methods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The behaviour of the EPP-SDOF model under seismic actions is analysed herein by different 'damage functionals' to define collapse under cyclic loading. In particular, the damage functionals based on the concept of maximum ductility and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13333710" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The behaviour of the EPP-SDOF model under seismic actions is analysed herein by different 'damage functionals' to define collapse under cyclic loading. In particular, the damage functionals based on the concept of maximum ductility and dissipated plastic energy are first compared. Afterwards the methods of Banon and Veneziano, Park and Ang and the linear cumulative law of plastic fatigue are reviewed and extensively analysed. Comparisons in the case of simple cyclic histories and in terms of acceleration collapse spectra are carried out with reference to significant earthquake records. In particular, it is shown in which cases the damage functionals of Banon and Veneziano, Park and Ang and the linear cumulative law of plastic fatigue, completely defined by the value of a single parameter, degenerate in the limit methods of ductility or dissipated energy and in which cases they provide similar results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13333710" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc6bd1956f4d1aedb74fb7c67722c0cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45454970,"asset_id":13333710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45454970/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32573260" href="https://unina.academia.edu/GaetanoManfredi">Gaetano Manfredi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32573260" type="text/json">{"id":32573260,"first_name":"Gaetano","last_name":"Manfredi","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"GaetanoManfredi","display_name":"Gaetano Manfredi","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/GaetanoManfredi?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13333710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13333710"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13333710, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13333710", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13333710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13333710; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13333710"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13333710 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13333710"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13333710; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13333710]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13333710").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13333710").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13333710"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95992" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics">Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95992" type="text/json">{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13333710]'), work: {"id":13333710,"title":"The use of damage functionals in earthquake engineering: A comparison between different methods","created_at":"2015-06-26T16:09:36.748-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13333710/The_use_of_damage_functionals_in_earthquake_engineering_A_comparison_between_different_methods?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_13333710","summary":"The behaviour of the EPP-SDOF model under seismic actions is analysed herein by different 'damage functionals' to define collapse under cyclic loading. In particular, the damage functionals based on the concept of maximum ductility and dissipated plastic energy are first compared. Afterwards the methods of Banon and Veneziano, Park and Ang and the linear cumulative law of plastic fatigue are reviewed and extensively analysed. Comparisons in the case of simple cyclic histories and in terms of acceleration collapse spectra are carried out with reference to significant earthquake records. In particular, it is shown in which cases the damage functionals of Banon and Veneziano, Park and Ang and the linear cumulative law of plastic fatigue, completely defined by the value of a single parameter, degenerate in the limit methods of ductility or dissipated energy and in which cases they provide similar results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45454970,"asset_id":13333710,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32573260,"first_name":"Gaetano","last_name":"Manfredi","domain_name":"unina","page_name":"GaetanoManfredi","display_name":"Gaetano Manfredi","profile_url":"https://unina.academia.edu/GaetanoManfredi?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74272246" data-work_id="74272246" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/74272246/Integrated_System_For_Building_Survey_And_EvaluationOf_Seismic_Retrofit_Possibilities">Integrated System For Building Survey And EvaluationOf Seismic Retrofit Possibilities</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is a huge inventory of existing vulnerable buildings and only a little research has been done concerning the economic side of their retrofit. The study presented in this paper aims to show how further issues, for example costs, can... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74272246" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is a huge inventory of existing vulnerable buildings and only a little research has been done concerning the economic side of their retrofit. The study presented in this paper aims to show how further issues, for example costs, can be taken into account from the early stages of the rehabilitation project, like the building survey, through collecting and organising the data, to building a cost assessment. It describes a way from the building survey, identifying the loadbearing structure through to cost assessment for rehabilitation works. The core idea is that each structure can be divided into units called &quot;retrofit elements&quot;, for which both seismic performance and costs are easier to assess. There is literature about typical performance curves for selected retrofit elements, like columns or frames. The conclusions of a study regarding the cost-effectiveness study are being used for the integration purposes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74272246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="364203" href="https://iaim.academia.edu/MariaBostenaruDan">Maria Bostenaru Dan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="364203" type="text/json">{"id":364203,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Bostenaru Dan","domain_name":"iaim","page_name":"MariaBostenaruDan","display_name":"Maria Bostenaru Dan","profile_url":"https://iaim.academia.edu/MariaBostenaruDan?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/364203/111446/6979913/s65_maria.bostenaru_dan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74272246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74272246"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74272246, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74272246", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74272246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74272246; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74272246"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74272246 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74272246"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74272246; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74272246]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74272246").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74272246").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74272246"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems">Database Systems</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2482" type="text/json">{"id":2482,"name":"Database Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74272246]'), work: {"id":74272246,"title":"Integrated System For Building Survey And EvaluationOf Seismic Retrofit Possibilities","created_at":"2022-03-21T23:19:52.390-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74272246/Integrated_System_For_Building_Survey_And_EvaluationOf_Seismic_Retrofit_Possibilities?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_74272246","summary":"There is a huge inventory of existing vulnerable buildings and only a little research has been done concerning the economic side of their retrofit. The study presented in this paper aims to show how further issues, for example costs, can be taken into account from the early stages of the rehabilitation project, like the building survey, through collecting and organising the data, to building a cost assessment. It describes a way from the building survey, identifying the loadbearing structure through to cost assessment for rehabilitation works. The core idea is that each structure can be divided into units called \u0026quot;retrofit elements\u0026quot;, for which both seismic performance and costs are easier to assess. There is literature about typical performance curves for selected retrofit elements, like columns or frames. The conclusions of a study regarding the cost-effectiveness study are being used for the integration purposes.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":364203,"first_name":"Maria","last_name":"Bostenaru Dan","domain_name":"iaim","page_name":"MariaBostenaruDan","display_name":"Maria Bostenaru Dan","profile_url":"https://iaim.academia.edu/MariaBostenaruDan?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/364203/111446/6979913/s65_maria.bostenaru_dan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2482,"name":"Database Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Database_Systems?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2848,"name":"Building Surveying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Surveying?f_ri=2370"},{"id":6350,"name":"BIM (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BIM_Architecture_?f_ri=2370"},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32182997" data-work_id="32182997" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32182997/Prediction_of_Damage_in_R_C_Shear_Panels_Subjected_to_Reversed_Cyclic_Loading">Prediction of Damage in R/C Shear Panels Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Loading</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, the damage prediction of shear-dominated reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to reversed cyclic shear is presented using an existing damage model. The damage model is primarily based on the monotonic energy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32182997" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, the damage prediction of shear-dominated reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to reversed cyclic shear is presented using an existing damage model. The damage model is primarily based on the monotonic energy dissipating capacity of structural elements before and after the application of reversed cyclic loading. Therefore, it could be universally applicable to different types of structural members, including sheardominated RC members. The applicability of the damage model to shear-dominated RC members is assessed using the results from reversed cyclic shear load tests conducted earlier on eleven RC panels. First, the monotonic energy dissipating capacities of the panels before and after the application of reversed cyclic loading are estimated and employed in the damage model. Next, a detailed comparison between the analytically predicted damage and the observed damage from the experimental tests of the panels is performed throughout the loading history. Subsequently, the effects of two important parameters, the orientation and the percentage of reinforcement, on the damage of such shear-dominated panels are studied. The research results demonstrated that the analytically predicted damage is in reasonably good agreement with the observed damage throughout the entire loading history. Furthermore, the orientation and percentage of reinforcement is found to have considerable effect on the extent of damage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32182997" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e63e1f9cad7089538524ee19b3a0e7b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52417349,"asset_id":32182997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52417349/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="62403315" href="https://metu.academia.edu/MuratDicleli">Murat Dicleli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="62403315" type="text/json">{"id":62403315,"first_name":"Murat","last_name":"Dicleli","domain_name":"metu","page_name":"MuratDicleli","display_name":"Murat Dicleli","profile_url":"https://metu.academia.edu/MuratDicleli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32182997 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32182997"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32182997, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32182997", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32182997]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32182997").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32182997").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32182997"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5412" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy">Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5412" type="text/json">{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9729" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress">Stress</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9729" type="text/json">{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32182997]'), work: {"id":32182997,"title":"Prediction of Damage in R/C Shear Panels Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Loading","created_at":"2017-04-01T05:24:57.133-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32182997/Prediction_of_Damage_in_R_C_Shear_Panels_Subjected_to_Reversed_Cyclic_Loading?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_32182997","summary":"In this paper, the damage prediction of shear-dominated reinforced concrete (RC) members subjected to reversed cyclic shear is presented using an existing damage model. The damage model is primarily based on the monotonic energy dissipating capacity of structural elements before and after the application of reversed cyclic loading. Therefore, it could be universally applicable to different types of structural members, including sheardominated RC members. The applicability of the damage model to shear-dominated RC members is assessed using the results from reversed cyclic shear load tests conducted earlier on eleven RC panels. First, the monotonic energy dissipating capacities of the panels before and after the application of reversed cyclic loading are estimated and employed in the damage model. Next, a detailed comparison between the analytically predicted damage and the observed damage from the experimental tests of the panels is performed throughout the loading history. Subsequently, the effects of two important parameters, the orientation and the percentage of reinforcement, on the damage of such shear-dominated panels are studied. The research results demonstrated that the analytically predicted damage is in reasonably good agreement with the observed damage throughout the entire loading history. Furthermore, the orientation and percentage of reinforcement is found to have considerable effect on the extent of damage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52417349,"asset_id":32182997,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":62403315,"first_name":"Murat","last_name":"Dicleli","domain_name":"metu","page_name":"MuratDicleli","display_name":"Murat Dicleli","profile_url":"https://metu.academia.edu/MuratDicleli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":9729,"name":"Stress","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stress?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370"},{"id":183397,"name":"Cyclic Loading","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyclic_Loading?f_ri=2370"},{"id":232858,"name":"Energy Dissipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Dissipation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":265967,"name":"Reinforced concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinforced_concrete?f_ri=2370"},{"id":414312,"name":"Strain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strain?f_ri=2370"},{"id":414321,"name":"Strain Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strain_Energy?f_ri=2370"},{"id":514403,"name":"Experimental Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Tests?f_ri=2370"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":775583,"name":"Shear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22919801" data-work_id="22919801" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22919801/Reasons_of_Manipur_earthquake">Reasons of Manipur earthquake</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Geological reasons of manipur earthquake in India occurred recently.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22919801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aadeac1853d8a873d2d0dbecbf2a98a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43454920,"asset_id":22919801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43454920/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43684280" href="https://lus.academia.edu/MdOliurRahman">Md. Oliur Rahman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43684280" type="text/json">{"id":43684280,"first_name":"Md. Oliur","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"lus","page_name":"MdOliurRahman","display_name":"Md. Oliur Rahman","profile_url":"https://lus.academia.edu/MdOliurRahman?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43684280/11860666/15861217/s65_md._oliur.rahman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22919801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22919801"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22919801, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22919801", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22919801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22919801; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22919801"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22919801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22919801"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22919801; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22919801]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22919801").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22919801").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22919801"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake">Earthquake</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33662" type="text/json">{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39607" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geology">Earthquake Geology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39607" type="text/json">{"id":39607,"name":"Earthquake Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geology?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22919801]'), work: {"id":22919801,"title":"Reasons of Manipur earthquake","created_at":"2016-03-07T03:24:26.743-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22919801/Reasons_of_Manipur_earthquake?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_22919801","summary":"Geological reasons of manipur earthquake in India occurred recently.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43454920,"asset_id":22919801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43684280,"first_name":"Md. Oliur","last_name":"Rahman","domain_name":"lus","page_name":"MdOliurRahman","display_name":"Md. Oliur Rahman","profile_url":"https://lus.academia.edu/MdOliurRahman?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43684280/11860666/15861217/s65_md._oliur.rahman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":39607,"name":"Earthquake Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geology?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1024573" data-work_id="1024573" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1024573/ASPECTOS_GEOT%C3%89CNICOS_DEL_SISMO_DE_PISCO_PER%C3%9A_DEL_15_DE_AGOSTO_DEL_2007">ASPECTOS GEOTÉCNICOS DEL SISMO DE PISCO, PERÚ DEL 15 DE AGOSTO DEL 2007</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resumen: Este artículo presenta un resumen de las observaciones realizadas durante un reconocimiento de los efectos geotécnicos del sismo de Pisco ocurrido el 15 de agosto del 2007 en la zona central de la costa del Perú. Este sismo de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1024573" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resumen: Este artículo presenta un resumen de las observaciones realizadas durante un reconocimiento de los efectos geotécnicos del sismo de Pisco ocurrido el 15 de agosto del 2007 en la zona central de la costa del Perú. Este sismo de magnitud (M w ) 8.0 causó daños importantes a obras de ingeniería civil en una amplia zona que incluye las ciudades de Ica, Pisco, Cañete y Chincha. Desde una perspectiva geotécnica, los aspectos más relevantes de este sismo son la gran extensión de licuación de suelo observada en la zona mesosísmica y el considerable daño que causó en las zonas urbanas y en la infraestructura de transporte. En particular se destaca la documentación de un deslizamiento lateral que involucró un área de al menos 3 km 2 de terreno y asentamientos de hasta 0.9 m observados en estructuras livianas. El sismo también causó varios deslizamientos de talud que resultaron en bloqueos de carreteras. También se presenta un análisis preliminar de los registros de aceleraciones obtenidos durante el sismo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1024573" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3189649615c6bf8263c96e39a7fbe239" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6251581,"asset_id":1024573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6251581/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="252338" href="https://udec-cl.academia.edu/GonzaloMontalva">Gonzalo Montalva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="252338" type="text/json">{"id":252338,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Montalva","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"GonzaloMontalva","display_name":"Gonzalo Montalva","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/GonzaloMontalva?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1024573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1024573"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1024573, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1024573", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1024573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1024573; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1024573"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1024573 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1024573"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1024573; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1024573]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1024573").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1024573").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1024573"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subduction_thrust_fault">Subduction thrust fault</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="87217" type="text/json">{"id":87217,"name":"Subduction thrust fault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subduction_thrust_fault?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1024573]'), work: {"id":1024573,"title":"ASPECTOS GEOTÉCNICOS DEL SISMO DE PISCO, PERÚ DEL 15 DE AGOSTO DEL 2007","created_at":"2011-10-18T05:13:06.823-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1024573/ASPECTOS_GEOT%C3%89CNICOS_DEL_SISMO_DE_PISCO_PER%C3%9A_DEL_15_DE_AGOSTO_DEL_2007?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_1024573","summary":"Resumen: Este artículo presenta un resumen de las observaciones realizadas durante un reconocimiento de los efectos geotécnicos del sismo de Pisco ocurrido el 15 de agosto del 2007 en la zona central de la costa del Perú. Este sismo de magnitud (M w ) 8.0 causó daños importantes a obras de ingeniería civil en una amplia zona que incluye las ciudades de Ica, Pisco, Cañete y Chincha. Desde una perspectiva geotécnica, los aspectos más relevantes de este sismo son la gran extensión de licuación de suelo observada en la zona mesosísmica y el considerable daño que causó en las zonas urbanas y en la infraestructura de transporte. En particular se destaca la documentación de un deslizamiento lateral que involucró un área de al menos 3 km 2 de terreno y asentamientos de hasta 0.9 m observados en estructuras livianas. El sismo también causó varios deslizamientos de talud que resultaron en bloqueos de carreteras. También se presenta un análisis preliminar de los registros de aceleraciones obtenidos durante el sismo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6251581,"asset_id":1024573,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":252338,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Montalva","domain_name":"udec-cl","page_name":"GonzaloMontalva","display_name":"Gonzalo Montalva","profile_url":"https://udec-cl.academia.edu/GonzaloMontalva?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":87217,"name":"Subduction thrust fault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subduction_thrust_fault?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43905510 coauthored" data-work_id="43905510" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43905510/Seismic_Analysis_of_Hill_Buildings">Seismic Analysis of Hill Buildings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The buildings constructed on hill slopes have unsymmetrical structural configuration, thus they are much more vulnerable to seismic forces than a building resting on a plain ground. The buildings constructed on hill slopes have different... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43905510" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The buildings constructed on hill slopes have unsymmetrical structural configuration, thus they are much more vulnerable to seismic forces than a building resting on a plain ground. The buildings constructed on hill slopes have different column lengths due to which the mass and stiffness vary along various floors and lead to the development of torsional moments in addition to the lateral forces, when subjected to seismic forces. This study investigates the seismic behavior of two hill building configurations, viz. Step-back and Step-back setback. All the models have been modelled using a finite element software, and analyzed by using Response Spectrum method and Non-linear static pushover analysis. Further, the seismic parameters obtained from the analyses were contrasted with in the configurations in terms of fundamental time period, storey drift and base shear at foundations. Also, the seismic behaviour of hill buildings was compared with that of normal building. At last, vulnerability and suitability of the configurations against seismic loads were discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43905510" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a2542fc8e2a086c4609a1cc1518dd02a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64229275,"asset_id":43905510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64229275/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7359670" href="https://amu-in.academia.edu/ZaidMohammad">Zaid Mohammad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7359670" type="text/json">{"id":7359670,"first_name":"Zaid","last_name":"Mohammad","domain_name":"amu-in","page_name":"ZaidMohammad","display_name":"Zaid Mohammad","profile_url":"https://amu-in.academia.edu/ZaidMohammad?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7359670/41199798/33475000/s65_zaid.mohammad.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43905510">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43905510"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohdRazi17">Mohd Razi</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43905510'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43905510').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43905510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43905510"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43905510, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43905510", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43905510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43905510; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43905510"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43905510 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43905510"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43905510; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43905510]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43905510").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43905510").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43905510"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43905510]'), work: {"id":43905510,"title":"Seismic Analysis of Hill Buildings","created_at":"2020-08-20T07:15:18.540-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43905510/Seismic_Analysis_of_Hill_Buildings?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_43905510","summary":"The buildings constructed on hill slopes have unsymmetrical structural configuration, thus they are much more vulnerable to seismic forces than a building resting on a plain ground. The buildings constructed on hill slopes have different column lengths due to which the mass and stiffness vary along various floors and lead to the development of torsional moments in addition to the lateral forces, when subjected to seismic forces. This study investigates the seismic behavior of two hill building configurations, viz. Step-back and Step-back setback. All the models have been modelled using a finite element software, and analyzed by using Response Spectrum method and Non-linear static pushover analysis. Further, the seismic parameters obtained from the analyses were contrasted with in the configurations in terms of fundamental time period, storey drift and base shear at foundations. Also, the seismic behaviour of hill buildings was compared with that of normal building. At last, vulnerability and suitability of the configurations against seismic loads were discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64229275,"asset_id":43905510,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7359670,"first_name":"Zaid","last_name":"Mohammad","domain_name":"amu-in","page_name":"ZaidMohammad","display_name":"Zaid Mohammad","profile_url":"https://amu-in.academia.edu/ZaidMohammad?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7359670/41199798/33475000/s65_zaid.mohammad.jpg"},{"id":168154382,"first_name":"Mohd","last_name":"Razi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohdRazi17","display_name":"Mohd Razi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohdRazi17?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42784729" data-work_id="42784729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42784729/Computing_resilience_of_process_plants_under_Na_Tech_events_Methodology_and_application_to_seismic_loading_scenarios">Computing resilience of process plants under Na-Tech events: Methodology and application to seismic loading scenarios</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Resilience is a performance measure representing both the capability of a system to survive a disruptive event and the ability of rapidly restoring the operational status recovering the initial capacity. However, literature is lacking... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42784729" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Resilience is a performance measure representing both the capability of a system to survive a disruptive event and the ability of rapidly restoring the operational status recovering the initial capacity. However, literature is lacking about methods allowing to compute resilience of process plants from a technical point of view. In fact, in the process industry the scarce literature about resilience mainly focused on organisational issues. In order to contribute to fill this gap a methodology has been developed to estimate resilience in case of Na-Tech events for process plants. The methodology provides a direct estimation of capacity loss after the disruptive event, and the time trend of recovery as well as the related economic loss. The model can be applied both in deterministic and probabilistic manner and is generalizable to any kind of Na-Tech hazard. However, in this paper specific reference is made to seismic hazard. In order to show the capabilities of the methodology a case study is also described referring to a Nitric Acid plant. Results show the predictive capabilities of this approach and the usefulness as a decision making tool for facility planners and emergency managers in the process industry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42784729" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="072b7cfd6b94c6f504c7c331e74636a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63009631,"asset_id":42784729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63009631/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28279436" href="https://uniroma3.academia.edu/BledarKalemi">Bledar Kalemi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28279436" type="text/json">{"id":28279436,"first_name":"Bledar","last_name":"Kalemi","domain_name":"uniroma3","page_name":"BledarKalemi","display_name":"Bledar Kalemi","profile_url":"https://uniroma3.academia.edu/BledarKalemi?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28279436/13354924/15874806/s65_bledar.kalemi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42784729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42784729"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42784729, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42784729", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_42784729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42784729; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_42784729"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_42784729 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42784729"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42784729; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42784729]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42784729").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42784729").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42784729"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3332" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience">Resilience</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3332" type="text/json">{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Risk">Seismic Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158273" type="text/json">{"id":158273,"name":"Seismic Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Risk?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="962848" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Plant">Process Plant</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="962848" type="text/json">{"id":962848,"name":"Process Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Plant?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42784729]'), work: {"id":42784729,"title":"Computing resilience of process plants under Na-Tech events: Methodology and application to seismic loading scenarios","created_at":"2020-04-19T04:41:46.222-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42784729/Computing_resilience_of_process_plants_under_Na_Tech_events_Methodology_and_application_to_seismic_loading_scenarios?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_42784729","summary":"Resilience is a performance measure representing both the capability of a system to survive a disruptive event and the ability of rapidly restoring the operational status recovering the initial capacity. However, literature is lacking about methods allowing to compute resilience of process plants from a technical point of view. In fact, in the process industry the scarce literature about resilience mainly focused on organisational issues. In order to contribute to fill this gap a methodology has been developed to estimate resilience in case of Na-Tech events for process plants. The methodology provides a direct estimation of capacity loss after the disruptive event, and the time trend of recovery as well as the related economic loss. The model can be applied both in deterministic and probabilistic manner and is generalizable to any kind of Na-Tech hazard. However, in this paper specific reference is made to seismic hazard. In order to show the capabilities of the methodology a case study is also described referring to a Nitric Acid plant. Results show the predictive capabilities of this approach and the usefulness as a decision making tool for facility planners and emergency managers in the process industry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63009631,"asset_id":42784729,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28279436,"first_name":"Bledar","last_name":"Kalemi","domain_name":"uniroma3","page_name":"BledarKalemi","display_name":"Bledar Kalemi","profile_url":"https://uniroma3.academia.edu/BledarKalemi?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28279436/13354924/15874806/s65_bledar.kalemi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":3332,"name":"Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resilience?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":158273,"name":"Seismic Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Risk?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":962848,"name":"Process Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Plant?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1215105,"name":"Natural and Technological Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_and_Technological_Hazards?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1547843,"name":"Seismic Resilience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Resilience?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35501365" data-work_id="35501365" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35501365/IJETR2326_pdf">IJETR2326.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">— Designing an efficient Distributed Database System (DDBS) is considered as one of the most challenging problems because of multiple interdependent factors which are affecting its performance. Allocation and fragmentation are two... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35501365" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">— Designing an efficient Distributed Database System (DDBS) is considered as one of the most challenging problems because of multiple interdependent factors which are affecting its performance. Allocation and fragmentation are two processes which their efficiency and correctness influence the performance of DDBS. Therefore, efficient data fragmentation and allocation of fragments across the network sites are considered as an important research area in distributed database design. In this paper presents an approach which simultaneously fragments data vertically and allocates the fragments to appropriate sites across the network. Bond Energy Algorithm (BEA) is applied with a better affinity measure that improves the generated clusters of attributes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35501365" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="496ed356efb5a109d3b4c104d5f31853" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55364938,"asset_id":35501365,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55364938/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7031831" href="https://erpublication.academia.edu/international_journals_for_researchers">International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7031831" type="text/json">{"id":7031831,"first_name":"International Journals for Researchers","last_name":"[ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","domain_name":"erpublication","page_name":"international_journals_for_researchers","display_name":"International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","profile_url":"https://erpublication.academia.edu/international_journals_for_researchers?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7031831/2656864/151250930/s65_international_journals_for_researchers._er_publication_woar_journals_ijeas_and_ijeart_.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35501365 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35501365"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35501365, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35501365", }); 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Bond Energy Algorithm (BEA) is applied with a better affinity measure that improves the generated clusters of attributes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55364938,"asset_id":35501365,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7031831,"first_name":"International Journals for Researchers","last_name":"[ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","domain_name":"erpublication","page_name":"international_journals_for_researchers","display_name":"International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and 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Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science_and_Engineering-1?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8023825" data-work_id="8023825" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8023825/LIQUEFACTION_RESISTANCE_OF_SOILS_S_UMMARY_REPORT_FROM_THE_1996_NCEER_AND_1998_NCEER_NSF_WORKSHOPS_ON_EVALUATION_OF_LIQUEFACTION_RESISTANCE_OF_SOILS_a">LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS :S UMMARY REPORT FROM THE 1996 NCEER AND 1998 NCEER/NSF WORKSHOPS ON EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS a</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Following disastrous earthquakes in Alaska and in Niigata, Japan in 1964, Professors H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss developed and published a methodology termed the ''simplified procedure'' for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8023825" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Following disastrous earthquakes in Alaska and in Niigata, Japan in 1964, Professors H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss developed and published a methodology termed the ''simplified procedure'' for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils. This procedure has become a standard of practice throughout North America and much of the world. The methodology which is largely empirical, has evolved over years, primarily through summary papers by H. B. Seed and his colleagues. No general review or update of the procedure has occurred, however, since 1985, the time of the last major paper by Professor Seed and a report from a National Research Council workshop on liquefaction of soils. In 1996 a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) was convened by Professors T. L. Youd and I. M. Idriss with 20 experts to review developments over the previous 10 years. The purpose was to gain consensus on updates and augmentations to the simplified procedure. The following topics were reviewed and recommendations developed: (1) criteria based on standard penetration tests; (2) criteria based on cone penetration tests; (3) criteria based on shear-wave velocity measurements; (4) use of the Becker penetration test for gravelly soil; (4) magnitude scaling factors; (5) correction factors for overburden pressures and sloping ground; and (6) input values for earthquake magnitude and peak acceleration. Probabilistic and seismic energy analyses were reviewed but no recommendations were formulated.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8023825" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cd63c318211f23680f499a14872e94e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34484788,"asset_id":8023825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34484788/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15394666" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloCastro5">Gonzalo Castro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15394666" type="text/json">{"id":15394666,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Castro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GonzaloCastro5","display_name":"Gonzalo Castro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloCastro5?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8023825 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8023825"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8023825, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8023825", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8023825]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8023825").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8023825").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8023825"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="126307" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical">Geotechnical</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="126307" type="text/json">{"id":126307,"name":"Geotechnical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8023825]'), work: {"id":8023825,"title":"LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS :S UMMARY REPORT FROM THE 1996 NCEER AND 1998 NCEER/NSF WORKSHOPS ON EVALUATION OF LIQUEFACTION RESISTANCE OF SOILS a","created_at":"2014-08-19T12:25:19.331-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8023825/LIQUEFACTION_RESISTANCE_OF_SOILS_S_UMMARY_REPORT_FROM_THE_1996_NCEER_AND_1998_NCEER_NSF_WORKSHOPS_ON_EVALUATION_OF_LIQUEFACTION_RESISTANCE_OF_SOILS_a?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_8023825","summary":"Following disastrous earthquakes in Alaska and in Niigata, Japan in 1964, Professors H. B. Seed and I. M. Idriss developed and published a methodology termed the ''simplified procedure'' for evaluating liquefaction resistance of soils. This procedure has become a standard of practice throughout North America and much of the world. The methodology which is largely empirical, has evolved over years, primarily through summary papers by H. B. Seed and his colleagues. No general review or update of the procedure has occurred, however, since 1985, the time of the last major paper by Professor Seed and a report from a National Research Council workshop on liquefaction of soils. In 1996 a workshop sponsored by the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) was convened by Professors T. L. Youd and I. M. Idriss with 20 experts to review developments over the previous 10 years. The purpose was to gain consensus on updates and augmentations to the simplified procedure. The following topics were reviewed and recommendations developed: (1) criteria based on standard penetration tests; (2) criteria based on cone penetration tests; (3) criteria based on shear-wave velocity measurements; (4) use of the Becker penetration test for gravelly soil; (4) magnitude scaling factors; (5) correction factors for overburden pressures and sloping ground; and (6) input values for earthquake magnitude and peak acceleration. Probabilistic and seismic energy analyses were reviewed but no recommendations were formulated.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34484788,"asset_id":8023825,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15394666,"first_name":"Gonzalo","last_name":"Castro","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GonzaloCastro5","display_name":"Gonzalo Castro","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GonzaloCastro5?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":126307,"name":"Geotechnical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":253469,"name":"North America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_America?f_ri=2370"},{"id":328308,"name":"Cone Penetration Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cone_Penetration_Test?f_ri=2370"},{"id":655030,"name":"Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical_and_Geoenvironmental_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":681920,"name":"Shear Wave Velocity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear_Wave_Velocity?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1222926,"name":"Standard Penetration Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Penetration_Test?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17589912" data-work_id="17589912" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17589912/Building_pounding_damage_observed_in_the_2011_Christchurch_earthquake">Building pounding damage observed in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Building pounding damages observed in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake are described in this paper. The extent and severity of pounding damage is presented based on a street survey of Christchurch's Central Business District... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17589912" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Building pounding damages observed in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake are described in this paper. The extent and severity of pounding damage is presented based on a street survey of Christchurch's Central Business District (CBD). Six damage severity levels and two confidence levels are defined to classify the observed damage. Generally, pounding was observed to be secondary effect. However, over 6% of total surveyed buildings were observed to have significant pounding damage or greater. Examples of typical and exceptional pounding damage are identified and discussed. Extensive pounding damage was observed in low-rise unreinforced masonry buildings that were constructed with no building separation. Modern buildings were also endangered by pounding when building separations were infilled with solid architectural flashings. The damage caused by these flashings was readily preventable. The observed pounding damage is compared to that observed in the September 2010 Darfield earthquake in order to explore if the damage could have been predicted. It is found that pounding prone buildings can be identified with reasonable accuracy by comparing configurations to characteristics previously noted by researchers. However, detailed pounding damage patterns cannot currently be precisely predicted by these methods.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17589912" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea8034a680134af526ab0d67a9030a67" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39599052,"asset_id":17589912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39599052/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37419441" href="https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/RajeshDhakal">Rajesh Dhakal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37419441" type="text/json">{"id":37419441,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Dhakal","domain_name":"canterbury-nz","page_name":"RajeshDhakal","display_name":"Rajesh Dhakal","profile_url":"https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/RajeshDhakal?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17589912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17589912"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17589912, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17589912", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17589912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17589912; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17589912"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17589912 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17589912"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17589912; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17589912]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17589912").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17589912").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17589912"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="95992" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics">Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="95992" type="text/json">{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17589912]'), work: {"id":17589912,"title":"Building pounding damage observed in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake","created_at":"2015-11-01T19:00:23.300-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17589912/Building_pounding_damage_observed_in_the_2011_Christchurch_earthquake?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_17589912","summary":"Building pounding damages observed in the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake are described in this paper. The extent and severity of pounding damage is presented based on a street survey of Christchurch's Central Business District (CBD). Six damage severity levels and two confidence levels are defined to classify the observed damage. Generally, pounding was observed to be secondary effect. However, over 6% of total surveyed buildings were observed to have significant pounding damage or greater. Examples of typical and exceptional pounding damage are identified and discussed. Extensive pounding damage was observed in low-rise unreinforced masonry buildings that were constructed with no building separation. Modern buildings were also endangered by pounding when building separations were infilled with solid architectural flashings. The damage caused by these flashings was readily preventable. The observed pounding damage is compared to that observed in the September 2010 Darfield earthquake in order to explore if the damage could have been predicted. It is found that pounding prone buildings can be identified with reasonable accuracy by comparing configurations to characteristics previously noted by researchers. However, detailed pounding damage patterns cannot currently be precisely predicted by these methods.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39599052,"asset_id":17589912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37419441,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Dhakal","domain_name":"canterbury-nz","page_name":"RajeshDhakal","display_name":"Rajesh Dhakal","profile_url":"https://canterbury-nz.academia.edu/RajeshDhakal?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1137767" data-work_id="1137767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1137767/Simplified_Expressions_for_Modelling_Rigid_Rocking_Structures_on_Two_spring_Foundations">Simplified Expressions for Modelling Rigid Rocking Structures on Two-spring Foundations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"This paper presents a new technique for modelling the dynamic response of uplifting rigid structures subjected to base excitation. The proposed technique exploits the use of a two-spring foundation, and subsequently an equivalent... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1137767" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"This paper presents a new technique for modelling the dynamic response of uplifting rigid structures subjected to base excitation. The proposed technique exploits the use of a two-spring foundation, and subsequently an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom procedure is established to model the dynamics of the system. A set of simplified closed-form expressions have been developed to estimate the system’s restoring force-displacement characteristics. The simplified expressions only require details of the system geometry and are shown to predict the nonlinear force-displacement characteristics of a rocking structure as closely as those determined from a complicated pushover analysis. <br />This paper presents two additional numerical examples to demonstrate the use of the proposed technique to simulate the displacement time-histories of a prototype structure under free-vibration-decay or when subjected to earthquake excitations."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1137767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fdec619a19192853c5f1ec61a6a7393" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30819732,"asset_id":1137767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30819732/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1017906" href="https://auckland.academia.edu/QuincyMa">Quincy Ma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1017906" type="text/json">{"id":1017906,"first_name":"Quincy","last_name":"Ma","domain_name":"auckland","page_name":"QuincyMa","display_name":"Quincy Ma","profile_url":"https://auckland.academia.edu/QuincyMa?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1017906/357490/11742749/s65_quincy.ma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1137767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1137767"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1137767, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1137767", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1137767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1137767; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1137767"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1137767 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1137767"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1137767; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1137767]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1137767").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1137767").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1137767"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1137767]'), work: {"id":1137767,"title":"Simplified Expressions for Modelling Rigid Rocking Structures on Two-spring Foundations","created_at":"2011-12-05T19:08:53.659-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1137767/Simplified_Expressions_for_Modelling_Rigid_Rocking_Structures_on_Two_spring_Foundations?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_1137767","summary":"\"This paper presents a new technique for modelling the dynamic response of uplifting rigid structures subjected to base excitation. The proposed technique exploits the use of a two-spring foundation, and subsequently an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom procedure is established to model the dynamics of the system. A set of simplified closed-form expressions have been developed to estimate the system’s restoring force-displacement characteristics. The simplified expressions only require details of the system geometry and are shown to predict the nonlinear force-displacement characteristics of a rocking structure as closely as those determined from a complicated pushover analysis. \r\nThis paper presents two additional numerical examples to demonstrate the use of the proposed technique to simulate the displacement time-histories of a prototype structure under free-vibration-decay or when subjected to earthquake excitations.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30819732,"asset_id":1137767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1017906,"first_name":"Quincy","last_name":"Ma","domain_name":"auckland","page_name":"QuincyMa","display_name":"Quincy Ma","profile_url":"https://auckland.academia.edu/QuincyMa?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1017906/357490/11742749/s65_quincy.ma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74409452" data-work_id="74409452" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74409452/Analysis_of_the_Effects_of_Vertical_Irregularity_on_Isolated_Structures">Analysis of the Effects of Vertical Irregularity on Isolated Structures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Vertical irregularity tends to have an adverse impact on the seismic effect on structures, but currently, there is the lack of appropriate research on the use of isolation technique to reduce seismic effect and issues related to a weak... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74409452" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Vertical irregularity tends to have an adverse impact on the seismic effect on structures, but currently, there is the lack of appropriate research on the use of isolation technique to reduce seismic effect and issues related to a weak story. This paper focuses on the analysis of isolated vertical irregular structure in both scenarios of mass distribution and stiffness distribution. Discussion on the influence of shear forces distribution pattern, damping coefficients and other parameters caused by the irregular distribution of story mass and stiffness is made. According to previous works cited and our case study analysis, it concluded that base isolation of irregular structures ensures better seismic resistance by reducing base shear and improving damping characteristics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74409452" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b80c8d82ed4f3732f228e16f1455b490" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82572927,"asset_id":74409452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82572927/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="161035916" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NanaYaw234">Nana Yaw</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="161035916" type="text/json">{"id":161035916,"first_name":"Nana","last_name":"Yaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NanaYaw234","display_name":"Nana Yaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NanaYaw234?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74409452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74409452"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74409452, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74409452", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74409452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74409452; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74409452"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74409452 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74409452"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74409452; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74409452]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74409452").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74409452").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74409452"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26991" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciences">Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26991" type="text/json">{"id":26991,"name":"Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciences?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74409452]'), work: {"id":74409452,"title":"Analysis of the Effects of Vertical Irregularity on Isolated Structures","created_at":"2022-03-23T14:21:04.814-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74409452/Analysis_of_the_Effects_of_Vertical_Irregularity_on_Isolated_Structures?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_74409452","summary":"Vertical irregularity tends to have an adverse impact on the seismic effect on structures, but currently, there is the lack of appropriate research on the use of isolation technique to reduce seismic effect and issues related to a weak story. This paper focuses on the analysis of isolated vertical irregular structure in both scenarios of mass distribution and stiffness distribution. Discussion on the influence of shear forces distribution pattern, damping coefficients and other parameters caused by the irregular distribution of story mass and stiffness is made. According to previous works cited and our case study analysis, it concluded that base isolation of irregular structures ensures better seismic resistance by reducing base shear and improving damping characteristics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82572927,"asset_id":74409452,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":161035916,"first_name":"Nana","last_name":"Yaw","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NanaYaw234","display_name":"Nana Yaw","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NanaYaw234?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":26991,"name":"Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sciences?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20290826" data-work_id="20290826" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20290826/Rapid_earthquake_loss_assessment_after_damaging_earthquakes">Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article summarizes the work done over the last decades regarding the development of new approaches and setting up of new applications for earthquake rapid response systems that function to estimate earthquake losses in quasi-real... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20290826" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article summarizes the work done over the last decades regarding the development of new approaches and setting up of new applications for earthquake rapid response systems that function to estimate earthquake losses in quasi-real time after an earthquake. After a critical discussion of relevant earthquake loss estimation methodologies, the essential features and characteristics of the available loss estimation software are summarized. Currently operating near-real-time loss estimation tools can be classified under two main categories depending on the size of area they cover: global and local systems. For the global or regional near-real-time loss estimation systems: GDACS, WAPMERR, PAGER, and NERIES-ELER methodologies are presented together with their loss estimations for the 2009 Abruzzo (L'Aquila) earthquake in Italy. Examples are provided for the local rapid earthquake loss estimation systems, including the Taiwan Earthquake Rapid Reporting System, Real-time Earthquake Assessment Disaster System in Yokohama, Real Time Earthquake Disaster Mitigation System of the Tokyo Gas Co., and Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response System.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20290826" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98393fa9089187fc78886fb172406771" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41206470,"asset_id":20290826,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41206470/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41530143" href="https://boun.academia.edu/KarinSesetyan">Karin Sesetyan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41530143" type="text/json">{"id":41530143,"first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Sesetyan","domain_name":"boun","page_name":"KarinSesetyan","display_name":"Karin Sesetyan","profile_url":"https://boun.academia.edu/KarinSesetyan?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41530143/151883467/141475369/s65_karin.sesetyan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20290826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20290826"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20290826, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20290826", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20290826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20290826; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20290826"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20290826 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20290826"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20290826; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20290826]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20290826").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20290826").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20290826"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="409" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics">Geophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="409" type="text/json">{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Dynamics">Soil Dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13276" type="text/json">{"id":13276,"name":"Soil Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20290826]'), work: {"id":20290826,"title":"Rapid earthquake loss assessment after damaging earthquakes","created_at":"2016-01-15T06:54:42.371-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20290826/Rapid_earthquake_loss_assessment_after_damaging_earthquakes?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_20290826","summary":"This article summarizes the work done over the last decades regarding the development of new approaches and setting up of new applications for earthquake rapid response systems that function to estimate earthquake losses in quasi-real time after an earthquake. After a critical discussion of relevant earthquake loss estimation methodologies, the essential features and characteristics of the available loss estimation software are summarized. Currently operating near-real-time loss estimation tools can be classified under two main categories depending on the size of area they cover: global and local systems. For the global or regional near-real-time loss estimation systems: GDACS, WAPMERR, PAGER, and NERIES-ELER methodologies are presented together with their loss estimations for the 2009 Abruzzo (L'Aquila) earthquake in Italy. Examples are provided for the local rapid earthquake loss estimation systems, including the Taiwan Earthquake Rapid Reporting System, Real-time Earthquake Assessment Disaster System in Yokohama, Real Time Earthquake Disaster Mitigation System of the Tokyo Gas Co., and Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response System.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41206470,"asset_id":20290826,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41530143,"first_name":"Karin","last_name":"Sesetyan","domain_name":"boun","page_name":"KarinSesetyan","display_name":"Karin Sesetyan","profile_url":"https://boun.academia.edu/KarinSesetyan?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41530143/151883467/141475369/s65_karin.sesetyan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":409,"name":"Geophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geophysics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":13276,"name":"Soil Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":15582,"name":"Disaster Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Management?f_ri=2370"},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370"},{"id":83731,"name":"Disaster Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disaster_Education?f_ri=2370"},{"id":207518,"name":"Seismicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismicity?f_ri=2370"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time?f_ri=2370"},{"id":647570,"name":"Earthquake Loss Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Loss_Assessment?f_ri=2370"},{"id":974525,"name":"Earthquake Hazard and Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Hazard_and_Risk?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73542187" data-work_id="73542187" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73542187/Real_time_model_predictive_control_of_structures_under_earthquakes">Real-time model predictive control of structures under earthquakes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents a general formulation of the model predictive control (MPC) scheme for controlling in real time the response of structures under earthquakes. The MPC scheme is based on an explicit use of a prediction model of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73542187" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents a general formulation of the model predictive control (MPC) scheme for controlling in real time the response of structures under earthquakes. The MPC scheme is based on an explicit use of a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an objective function. Optimization objectives in MPC include minimization of the di erence between the predicted and desired response trajectories, and the control e ort subjected to certain constraints. In this study, the prediction model is formulated using both feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) components to increase the e ectiveness of the MPC scheme. The FF loop in the prediction model is formulated using two types of input. First, it is designed using the established Kanai-Tajimi-type model to represent the earthquake input. Second, a real-time FF loop is introduced using an auto-regressive (AR) model for earthquake ground motion which is constantly updated using real-time on-line observations. The realtime FF loop certainly promises to add predictive and adaptive features to the control actions to account for any unusual features in the ground motion. The structural response with and without the FF and FB loops are compared. Examples are used to demonstrate the e cacy of the proposed methodology. These examples show that the MPC-based controller is e ective in reducing the structural response under di erent earthquakes which contain distinct features in their spectral and non-stationary descriptions. The performance of the MPC scheme is then compared to H 2 control strategies for di erent time horizons. The e ectiveness of MPC is shown to be equivalent to the optimal control. This paper lays a foundation for capturing the main strengths of MPC, i.e. computational expediency, real-time application, intrinsic compensation for time delays, treatment of constraints and potential for future extensions in structural control. Copyright ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73542187" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af13cffaa0502e32a7e248a00545a322" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82024567,"asset_id":73542187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82024567/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7399728" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KareemAhsan">Ahsan Kareem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7399728" type="text/json">{"id":7399728,"first_name":"Ahsan","last_name":"Kareem","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KareemAhsan","display_name":"Ahsan Kareem","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KareemAhsan?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73542187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73542187"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73542187, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73542187", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73542187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73542187; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73542187"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73542187 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73542187"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73542187; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73542187]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73542187").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73542187").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73542187"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4219" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_Predictive_Control">Model Predictive Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4219" type="text/json">{"id":4219,"name":"Model Predictive Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_Predictive_Control?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73542187]'), work: {"id":73542187,"title":"Real-time model predictive control of structures under earthquakes","created_at":"2022-03-11T06:32:16.376-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73542187/Real_time_model_predictive_control_of_structures_under_earthquakes?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_73542187","summary":"This paper presents a general formulation of the model predictive control (MPC) scheme for controlling in real time the response of structures under earthquakes. The MPC scheme is based on an explicit use of a prediction model of the system response to obtain the control actions by minimizing an objective function. Optimization objectives in MPC include minimization of the di erence between the predicted and desired response trajectories, and the control e ort subjected to certain constraints. In this study, the prediction model is formulated using both feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) components to increase the e ectiveness of the MPC scheme. The FF loop in the prediction model is formulated using two types of input. First, it is designed using the established Kanai-Tajimi-type model to represent the earthquake input. Second, a real-time FF loop is introduced using an auto-regressive (AR) model for earthquake ground motion which is constantly updated using real-time on-line observations. The realtime FF loop certainly promises to add predictive and adaptive features to the control actions to account for any unusual features in the ground motion. The structural response with and without the FF and FB loops are compared. Examples are used to demonstrate the e cacy of the proposed methodology. These examples show that the MPC-based controller is e ective in reducing the structural response under di erent earthquakes which contain distinct features in their spectral and non-stationary descriptions. The performance of the MPC scheme is then compared to H 2 control strategies for di erent time horizons. The e ectiveness of MPC is shown to be equivalent to the optimal control. This paper lays a foundation for capturing the main strengths of MPC, i.e. computational expediency, real-time application, intrinsic compensation for time delays, treatment of constraints and potential for future extensions in structural control. Copyright ? 2001 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82024567,"asset_id":73542187,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7399728,"first_name":"Ahsan","last_name":"Kareem","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KareemAhsan","display_name":"Ahsan Kareem","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KareemAhsan?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":4219,"name":"Model Predictive Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Model_Predictive_Control?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":224767,"name":"Prediction Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Model?f_ri=2370"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time?f_ri=2370"},{"id":593515,"name":"Ground Motion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ground_Motion?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1231234,"name":"Structural Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Response?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74970991" data-work_id="74970991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74970991/A_study_on_the_effects_of_the_foundation_compliance_on_the_response_of_yielding_structures_using_dimensional_analysis">A study on the effects of the foundation compliance on the response of yielding structures using dimensional analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effects of the foundation compliance on the dynamic response of yielding systems are evaluated using rigorous dimensional analysis. To this end, a soil-foundation-structure system is subjected to strong ground motion and its seismic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74970991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effects of the foundation compliance on the dynamic response of yielding systems are evaluated using rigorous dimensional analysis. To this end, a soil-foundation-structure system is subjected to strong ground motion and its seismic response is determined in terms of dimensionless parameters. The seismic demand of the system is calculated as a function of meaningful engineering parameters, such as the yielding acceleration and yielding displacement of the structure, the system mass and damping, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the foundation. It is proved that the seismic demand is strongly dependent on the foundation to excitation pulse predominant frequency ratio. For large values of yielding acceleration, the demand depends strongly on the yielding displacement and the mass. Moreover, there is a strength range where an increase in strength results in an increase in displacements -a counter intuitive situation. The larger the yielding displacement, the larger the seismic demand. Furthermore, the larger the foundation soil mass, the larger the seismic demand. Finally, an application of the procedure on an actual structure proves that soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) is not always beneficial for the structure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74970991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a9b1c50ad64c537074e6190fea363d2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83642882,"asset_id":74970991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83642882/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42414999" href="https://smu.academia.edu/NicosMakris">Nicos Makris</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42414999" type="text/json">{"id":42414999,"first_name":"Nicos","last_name":"Makris","domain_name":"smu","page_name":"NicosMakris","display_name":"Nicos Makris","profile_url":"https://smu.academia.edu/NicosMakris?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42414999/11441386/12761797/s65_nicos.makris.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74970991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74970991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74970991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74970991", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74970991]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74970991").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74970991").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74970991"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="421" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Science">Soil Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="421" type="text/json">{"id":421,"name":"Soil Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Science?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74970991]'), work: {"id":74970991,"title":"A study on the effects of the foundation compliance on the response of yielding structures using dimensional analysis","created_at":"2022-03-30T05:41:40.931-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74970991/A_study_on_the_effects_of_the_foundation_compliance_on_the_response_of_yielding_structures_using_dimensional_analysis?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_74970991","summary":"The effects of the foundation compliance on the dynamic response of yielding systems are evaluated using rigorous dimensional analysis. To this end, a soil-foundation-structure system is subjected to strong ground motion and its seismic response is determined in terms of dimensionless parameters. The seismic demand of the system is calculated as a function of meaningful engineering parameters, such as the yielding acceleration and yielding displacement of the structure, the system mass and damping, as well as the dynamic characteristics of the foundation. It is proved that the seismic demand is strongly dependent on the foundation to excitation pulse predominant frequency ratio. For large values of yielding acceleration, the demand depends strongly on the yielding displacement and the mass. Moreover, there is a strength range where an increase in strength results in an increase in displacements -a counter intuitive situation. The larger the yielding displacement, the larger the seismic demand. Furthermore, the larger the foundation soil mass, the larger the seismic demand. Finally, an application of the procedure on an actual structure proves that soil-foundation-structure interaction (SFSI) is not always beneficial for the structure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83642882,"asset_id":74970991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42414999,"first_name":"Nicos","last_name":"Makris","domain_name":"smu","page_name":"NicosMakris","display_name":"Nicos Makris","profile_url":"https://smu.academia.edu/NicosMakris?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42414999/11441386/12761797/s65_nicos.makris.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":421,"name":"Soil Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Science?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":14557,"name":"Applied Mechanics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Mechanics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":21117,"name":"Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Geotechnical_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":21215,"name":"Foundation Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foundation_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":27702,"name":"Structural Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":59579,"name":"Dimensional Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dimensional_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":120549,"name":"Soil Structure Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Structure_Interaction?f_ri=2370"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design?f_ri=2370"},{"id":418058,"name":"Dynamic Response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Response?f_ri=2370"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures?f_ri=2370"},{"id":517903,"name":"Seismic response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_response?f_ri=2370"},{"id":939809,"name":"Soil Foundations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Foundations?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_60685275" data-work_id="60685275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/60685275/Seismic_Performance_of_Autoclaved_Aerated_Concrete_AAC_Masonry_From_Experimental_Testing_of_the_In_Plane_Capacity_of_Walls_to_Building_Response_Simulation">Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry: From Experimental Testing of the In-Plane Capacity of Walls to Building Response Simulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The need to assess the seismic performance of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry arose in different countries in the last years. The use of AAC for load-bearing walls is quite common in low seismicity areas in Central and Northern... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_60685275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The need to assess the seismic performance of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry arose in different countries in the last years. The use of AAC for load-bearing walls is quite common in low seismicity areas in Central and Northern Europe, where its thermal insulation properties, together with lightness and workability, are particularly appreciated. Increasing attention to energy-efficient buildings is now supporting the adoption of a material with such characteristics also in higher seismicity regions. Hence, in order to correctly study the seismic performance of this constructive system, the in-plane response of unreinforced AAC masonry panels has been assessed through an experimental test campaign aiming at obtaining a reliable description of the lateral cyclic behavior. The experimental results are summarized in the article and the derived essential seismic design parameters are presented. The test results allowed the calibration of a macro-element model representative of the nonlinear response of single piers, simulating their cyclic experimental behavior. Three-dimensional models of unreinforced AAC masonry buildings were then obtained using the TREMURI program. Their seismic performance assessment has been carried out through both a nonlinear static (pushover) procedure and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Nevertheless, the obtained results allow for some preliminary considerations on the global response of this type of construction and its potential for application in moderate and high seismicity countries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/60685275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22bc9f033056d043b8e0b1585a2af8ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74017712,"asset_id":60685275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74017712/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39216912" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GMagenes">G. Magenes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39216912" type="text/json">{"id":39216912,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Magenes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GMagenes","display_name":"G. Magenes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GMagenes?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60685275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60685275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60685275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60685275", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60685275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60685275; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_60685275"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_60685275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="60685275"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 60685275; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=60685275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_60685275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_60685275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="60685275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5493" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics">Nonlinear dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5493" type="text/json">{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25508" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Assessment">Performance Assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25508" type="text/json">{"id":25508,"name":"Performance Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Assessment?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=60685275]'), work: {"id":60685275,"title":"Seismic Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry: From Experimental Testing of the In-Plane Capacity of Walls to Building Response Simulation","created_at":"2021-11-01T04:47:10.833-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/60685275/Seismic_Performance_of_Autoclaved_Aerated_Concrete_AAC_Masonry_From_Experimental_Testing_of_the_In_Plane_Capacity_of_Walls_to_Building_Response_Simulation?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_60685275","summary":"The need to assess the seismic performance of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) masonry arose in different countries in the last years. The use of AAC for load-bearing walls is quite common in low seismicity areas in Central and Northern Europe, where its thermal insulation properties, together with lightness and workability, are particularly appreciated. Increasing attention to energy-efficient buildings is now supporting the adoption of a material with such characteristics also in higher seismicity regions. Hence, in order to correctly study the seismic performance of this constructive system, the in-plane response of unreinforced AAC masonry panels has been assessed through an experimental test campaign aiming at obtaining a reliable description of the lateral cyclic behavior. The experimental results are summarized in the article and the derived essential seismic design parameters are presented. The test results allowed the calibration of a macro-element model representative of the nonlinear response of single piers, simulating their cyclic experimental behavior. Three-dimensional models of unreinforced AAC masonry buildings were then obtained using the TREMURI program. Their seismic performance assessment has been carried out through both a nonlinear static (pushover) procedure and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Nevertheless, the obtained results allow for some preliminary considerations on the global response of this type of construction and its potential for application in moderate and high seismicity countries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74017712,"asset_id":60685275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39216912,"first_name":"G.","last_name":"Magenes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GMagenes","display_name":"G. Magenes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GMagenes?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":25508,"name":"Performance Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Assessment?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33944,"name":"Autoclaved Aerated Concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autoclaved_Aerated_Concrete?f_ri=2370"},{"id":43715,"name":"Seismic Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Design?f_ri=2370"},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":404009,"name":"Thermal Insulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Insulation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":459384,"name":"Energy efficient","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficient?f_ri=2370"},{"id":504035,"name":"Three Dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three_Dimensional?f_ri=2370"},{"id":514403,"name":"Experimental Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Tests?f_ri=2370"},{"id":3059633,"name":"Nonlinear response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_response?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44586515" data-work_id="44586515" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44586515/Effect_on_Seis_mic_Response_of_Building_with_Underground_Storey_Considering_Soil_Structure_Interaction">Effect on Seis-mic Response of Building with Underground Storey Considering Soil Structure Interaction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Researches in past indicates that response of soil under seismic forces influences the seismic response of the building. Soil structure interaction (SSI) has a significant impact on dynamic response of structure, which may lead to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44586515" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Researches in past indicates that response of soil under seismic forces influences the seismic response of the building. Soil structure interaction (SSI) has a significant impact on dynamic response of structure, which may lead to unexpected seismic response or failure of structure. Due to the urbanization multi-storey building with underground storey for parking space and storage are very common in practice. Failures of these types of buildings during earthquake show the significance of soil structure interaction effect on underground storey buildings. Aim of this paper is to study and understand the effect of underground storey on structure considering soil structure interaction during earthquake. In this study seismic response of G+9 fix base and underground storey buildings are compared. Response Spectrum method of dynamic analysis has been used to analyze the building for seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2002 in FEM software CSI SAP2000, Version14. Elastic continuum approach is use to idealize the soil. Two different types of soils SW and ML categorised under hard, low stiff respectively in IS 1893(Part I):2002 are used in this research. Design forces in terms of storey shear is calculated for underground storey building and results are compared with the conventional fix base building. The study reveals that on considering SSI, there is an increase in lateral time period of the building and redistribution of storey shear forces in flexible base model as compared to fixed base model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44586515" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b569c4c858fa5b75d7f94351084159d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65044094,"asset_id":44586515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65044094/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24077925" href="https://svgipsar.academia.edu/VaibhavSingh">Vaibhav Singh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24077925" type="text/json">{"id":24077925,"first_name":"Vaibhav","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"svgipsar","page_name":"VaibhavSingh","display_name":"Vaibhav Singh","profile_url":"https://svgipsar.academia.edu/VaibhavSingh?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24077925/18966971/49506688/s65_vaibhav.singh.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44586515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44586515"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44586515, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44586515", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44586515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44586515; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44586515"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44586515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44586515"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44586515; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44586515]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44586515").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44586515").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44586515"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19072" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil-Structure_Interaction">Soil-Structure Interaction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19072" type="text/json">{"id":19072,"name":"Soil-Structure Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil-Structure_Interaction?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44586515]'), work: {"id":44586515,"title":"Effect on Seis-mic Response of Building with Underground Storey Considering Soil Structure Interaction","created_at":"2020-11-27T01:11:50.298-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44586515/Effect_on_Seis_mic_Response_of_Building_with_Underground_Storey_Considering_Soil_Structure_Interaction?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_44586515","summary":"Researches in past indicates that response of soil under seismic forces influences the seismic response of the building. Soil structure interaction (SSI) has a significant impact on dynamic response of structure, which may lead to unexpected seismic response or failure of structure. Due to the urbanization multi-storey building with underground storey for parking space and storage are very common in practice. Failures of these types of buildings during earthquake show the significance of soil structure interaction effect on underground storey buildings. Aim of this paper is to study and understand the effect of underground storey on structure considering soil structure interaction during earthquake. In this study seismic response of G+9 fix base and underground storey buildings are compared. Response Spectrum method of dynamic analysis has been used to analyze the building for seismic zone V according to IS 1893:2002 in FEM software CSI SAP2000, Version14. Elastic continuum approach is use to idealize the soil. Two different types of soils SW and ML categorised under hard, low stiff respectively in IS 1893(Part I):2002 are used in this research. Design forces in terms of storey shear is calculated for underground storey building and results are compared with the conventional fix base building. The study reveals that on considering SSI, there is an increase in lateral time period of the building and redistribution of storey shear forces in flexible base model as compared to fixed base model.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65044094,"asset_id":44586515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24077925,"first_name":"Vaibhav","last_name":"Singh","domain_name":"svgipsar","page_name":"VaibhavSingh","display_name":"Vaibhav Singh","profile_url":"https://svgipsar.academia.edu/VaibhavSingh?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24077925/18966971/49506688/s65_vaibhav.singh.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":19072,"name":"Soil-Structure Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil-Structure_Interaction?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1102711" data-work_id="1102711" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1102711/Control_Strategy_for_Seismic_Pounding_Mitigation_of_Bridge_Structures">Control Strategy for Seismic Pounding Mitigation of Bridge Structures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Damages of adjacent bridge structures due to relative responses such as poundings and unseating have been observed in many earthquakes. The isolators in bridge structures are effective in mitigating the induced seismic forces, however,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1102711" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Damages of adjacent bridge structures due to relative responses such as poundings and unseating have been observed in many earthquakes. The isolators in bridge structures are effective in mitigating the induced seismic forces, however, the deck displacement becomes excessively large when subjected to a ground motion with unexpected characteristics, therefore increase the possibility of pounding; contribute to the unseating of bridge decks and subsequent collapse. An analytical model of expansion joints that takes account of the interaction between adjacent segments of the bridge deck and the effect of impact and restrainers is developed for nonlinear time history analysis. The numerical results show that pounding between adjacent bridge segments could amplify the relative displacement, resulting in the requirement of a longer seat width to support the deck. Pounding results in a transfer of large lateral force from a deck to the other, consequently, results in significant changes in the global response of the participating structural systems. So it is effective to provide a shock absorber between adjacent decks for the mitigation of pounding effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1102711" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ce8d17567fffdf83f3c7978a7001ae2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51102016,"asset_id":1102711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51102016/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="962534" href="https://aun.academia.edu/ShehataEAbdelRaheem">Shehata E Abdel Raheem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="962534" type="text/json">{"id":962534,"first_name":"Shehata E","last_name":"Abdel Raheem","domain_name":"aun","page_name":"ShehataEAbdelRaheem","display_name":"Shehata E Abdel Raheem","profile_url":"https://aun.academia.edu/ShehataEAbdelRaheem?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/962534/353343/422117/s65_shehata_e.abdel_raheem.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1102711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1102711"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1102711, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1102711", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1102711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1102711").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1102711").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1102711"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4070" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Dynamics">Structural Dynamics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4070" type="text/json">{"id":4070,"name":"Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1102711]'), work: {"id":1102711,"title":"Control Strategy for Seismic Pounding Mitigation of Bridge Structures","created_at":"2011-11-19T17:05:35.482-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1102711/Control_Strategy_for_Seismic_Pounding_Mitigation_of_Bridge_Structures?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_1102711","summary":"Damages of adjacent bridge structures due to relative responses such as poundings and unseating have been observed in many earthquakes. The isolators in bridge structures are effective in mitigating the induced seismic forces, however, the deck displacement becomes excessively large when subjected to a ground motion with unexpected characteristics, therefore increase the possibility of pounding; contribute to the unseating of bridge decks and subsequent collapse. An analytical model of expansion joints that takes account of the interaction between adjacent segments of the bridge deck and the effect of impact and restrainers is developed for nonlinear time history analysis. The numerical results show that pounding between adjacent bridge segments could amplify the relative displacement, resulting in the requirement of a longer seat width to support the deck. Pounding results in a transfer of large lateral force from a deck to the other, consequently, results in significant changes in the global response of the participating structural systems. So it is effective to provide a shock absorber between adjacent decks for the mitigation of pounding effect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51102016,"asset_id":1102711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":962534,"first_name":"Shehata E","last_name":"Abdel Raheem","domain_name":"aun","page_name":"ShehataEAbdelRaheem","display_name":"Shehata E Abdel Raheem","profile_url":"https://aun.academia.edu/ShehataEAbdelRaheem?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/962534/353343/422117/s65_shehata_e.abdel_raheem.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":4070,"name":"Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":6287,"name":"Finite Element Analysis (Engineering)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis_Engineering_?f_ri=2370"},{"id":13776,"name":"Bridge Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bridge_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":14006,"name":"Seismic Base Isolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Base_Isolation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":14946,"name":"Structural Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Control?f_ri=2370"},{"id":27702,"name":"Structural Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":32153,"name":"Structural Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":116957,"name":"Seismic Pounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Pounding?f_ri=2370"},{"id":232858,"name":"Energy Dissipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Dissipation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":238198,"name":"Seismic analysis and design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_analysis_and_design?f_ri=2370"},{"id":485959,"name":"Seismic resistant design of structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_resistant_design_of_structures?f_ri=2370"},{"id":523297,"name":"Pounding of Adjacent Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pounding_of_Adjacent_Structures?f_ri=2370"},{"id":678568,"name":"HIGHWAY ROADS AND BRIDGES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIGHWAY_ROADS_AND_BRIDGES?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8415630" data-work_id="8415630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8415630/Seismic_retrofitting_with_buckling_restrained_braces_Application_to_an_existing_non_ductile_RC_framed_building">Seismic retrofitting with buckling restrained braces: Application to an existing non-ductile RC framed building</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper assesses the seismic performance of typical reinforced concrete (RC) existing framed structures designed for gravity loads only. The sample two-storey structural system exhibits high vulnerability, i.e. low lateral resistance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8415630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper assesses the seismic performance of typical reinforced concrete (RC) existing framed<br />structures designed for gravity loads only. The sample two-storey structural system exhibits high<br />vulnerability, i.e. low lateral resistance and limited translation ductility; hence an effective strategy<br />scheme for seismic retrofitting was deemed necessary. Such a scheme comprises buckling restrained<br />braces (BRBs) placed along the perimeter frames of the multi-storey building. The adopted design<br />approach assumes that the global response of the inelastic framed structure is the sum of the elastic<br />frame (primary system) and the system comprising perimeter diagonal braces (secondary system); the<br />latter braces absorb and dissipate a large amount of hysteretic energy under earthquake ground<br />motions. Comprehensive nonlinear static (pushover) and dynamic (response history) analyses were<br />carried out for both the as-built and retrofitted structures to investigate the efficiency of the adopted<br />intervention strategy. A set of seven code-compliant natural earthquake records was selected and<br />employed to perform inelastic response history analyses at serviceability (operational and damageability<br />limit states, OLS and DLS) and ultimate limit states (life safety and collapse prevention limit<br />states, LSLS and CPLS). Both global and local lateral displacements are notably reduced after the seismic<br />retrofit of the existing system. In the as-built structure, the damage is primarily concentrated at the<br />second floor (storey mechanism); the computed interstorey drifts are 2.43% at CPLS and 1.92% at LSLS<br />for modal distribution of lateral forces. Conversely, for the retrofitted system, the estimated values of<br />interstorey drifts (d/h) are halved; the maximum d/h are 0.84% at CPLS (along the Y-direction) and 0.65%<br />at LSLS (yet along the Y-direction). The values of the global overstrength O vary between 2.14 and 2.54<br />for the retrofitted structure; similarly, the translation ductility mD-values range between 2.07 and 2.36.<br />The response factor (R- or q-factor) is on average equal to 5.0. It is also found that, for the braced frame,<br />under moderate-to-high magnitude earthquakes, the average period elongation is about 30%, while for<br />the existing building the elongation is negligible (lower than 5%). The inelastic response of the existing<br />structure is extremely limited. Conversely, BRBs are effective to enhance the ductility and energy<br />dissipation of the sample as-built structural system. Extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses showed that<br />more than 60% of input seismic energy is dissipated by the BRBs at ultimate limit states. The estimated<br />maximum axial ductility of the braces is about 10; the latter value of translation ductility is compliant<br />with BRBs available on the market. At DLS, the latter devices exhibit an elastic behaviour. It can thus be<br />concluded that, under moderate and high magnitude earthquakes, the damage is concentrated in the<br />added dampers and the response of the existing RC framed structure (bare frame) is chiefly elastic</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8415630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="16533d19a8ee7f519fce9878ce27472d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34808519,"asset_id":8415630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34808519/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5095760" href="https://liverpool.academia.edu/ldisarno">luigi di sarno</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5095760" type="text/json">{"id":5095760,"first_name":"luigi","last_name":"di sarno","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"ldisarno","display_name":"luigi di sarno","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ldisarno?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5095760/11122740/12412601/s65_luigi.di_sarno.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8415630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8415630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8415630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8415630", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8415630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8415630").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8415630").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8415630"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27700" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit">Seismic Retrofit</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27700" type="text/json">{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering">Seismic Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33221" type="text/json">{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8415630]'), work: {"id":8415630,"title":"Seismic retrofitting with buckling restrained braces: Application to an existing non-ductile RC framed building","created_at":"2014-09-20T20:57:09.685-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8415630/Seismic_retrofitting_with_buckling_restrained_braces_Application_to_an_existing_non_ductile_RC_framed_building?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_8415630","summary":"This paper assesses the seismic performance of typical reinforced concrete (RC) existing framed\nstructures designed for gravity loads only. The sample two-storey structural system exhibits high\nvulnerability, i.e. low lateral resistance and limited translation ductility; hence an effective strategy\nscheme for seismic retrofitting was deemed necessary. Such a scheme comprises buckling restrained\nbraces (BRBs) placed along the perimeter frames of the multi-storey building. The adopted design\napproach assumes that the global response of the inelastic framed structure is the sum of the elastic\nframe (primary system) and the system comprising perimeter diagonal braces (secondary system); the\nlatter braces absorb and dissipate a large amount of hysteretic energy under earthquake ground\nmotions. Comprehensive nonlinear static (pushover) and dynamic (response history) analyses were\ncarried out for both the as-built and retrofitted structures to investigate the efficiency of the adopted\nintervention strategy. A set of seven code-compliant natural earthquake records was selected and\nemployed to perform inelastic response history analyses at serviceability (operational and damageability\nlimit states, OLS and DLS) and ultimate limit states (life safety and collapse prevention limit\nstates, LSLS and CPLS). Both global and local lateral displacements are notably reduced after the seismic\nretrofit of the existing system. In the as-built structure, the damage is primarily concentrated at the\nsecond floor (storey mechanism); the computed interstorey drifts are 2.43% at CPLS and 1.92% at LSLS\nfor modal distribution of lateral forces. Conversely, for the retrofitted system, the estimated values of\ninterstorey drifts (d/h) are halved; the maximum d/h are 0.84% at CPLS (along the Y-direction) and 0.65%\nat LSLS (yet along the Y-direction). The values of the global overstrength O vary between 2.14 and 2.54\nfor the retrofitted structure; similarly, the translation ductility mD-values range between 2.07 and 2.36.\nThe response factor (R- or q-factor) is on average equal to 5.0. It is also found that, for the braced frame,\nunder moderate-to-high magnitude earthquakes, the average period elongation is about 30%, while for\nthe existing building the elongation is negligible (lower than 5%). The inelastic response of the existing\nstructure is extremely limited. Conversely, BRBs are effective to enhance the ductility and energy\ndissipation of the sample as-built structural system. Extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses showed that\nmore than 60% of input seismic energy is dissipated by the BRBs at ultimate limit states. The estimated\nmaximum axial ductility of the braces is about 10; the latter value of translation ductility is compliant\nwith BRBs available on the market. At DLS, the latter devices exhibit an elastic behaviour. It can thus be\nconcluded that, under moderate and high magnitude earthquakes, the damage is concentrated in the\nadded dampers and the response of the existing RC framed structure (bare frame) is chiefly elastic","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34808519,"asset_id":8415630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5095760,"first_name":"luigi","last_name":"di sarno","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"ldisarno","display_name":"luigi di sarno","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/ldisarno?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5095760/11122740/12412601/s65_luigi.di_sarno.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":27700,"name":"Seismic Retrofit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Retrofit?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33221,"name":"Seismic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51140257" data-work_id="51140257" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51140257/TOS_San_Francisco_Hall_Earthquake_resistant_structures_AMEY_DESHMUKH">TOS San Francisco Hall Earthquake resistant structures AMEY DESHMUKH</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Casestudy on San Francisco Hall Earthquake resistant structures</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51140257" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4cd9c49d487d8358e01cdb602ede186" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68980924,"asset_id":51140257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68980924/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108608515" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AmeyDeshmukh2">Amey Deshmukh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108608515" type="text/json">{"id":108608515,"first_name":"Amey","last_name":"Deshmukh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmeyDeshmukh2","display_name":"Amey Deshmukh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmeyDeshmukh2?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51140257 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51140257"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51140257, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51140257", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51140257]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51140257").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51140257").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51140257"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51140257]'), work: {"id":51140257,"title":"TOS San Francisco Hall Earthquake resistant structures AMEY DESHMUKH","created_at":"2021-09-01T09:28:08.831-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51140257/TOS_San_Francisco_Hall_Earthquake_resistant_structures_AMEY_DESHMUKH?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_51140257","summary":"Casestudy on San Francisco Hall Earthquake resistant structures","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68980924,"asset_id":51140257,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108608515,"first_name":"Amey","last_name":"Deshmukh","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AmeyDeshmukh2","display_name":"Amey Deshmukh","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AmeyDeshmukh2?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":546138,"name":"Earthquake resistant building structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_resistant_building_structures?f_ri=2370"},{"id":656471,"name":"Theory Of Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_Of_Structures?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38685253 coauthored" data-work_id="38685253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38685253/CYCLIC_RESPONSE_OF_PRECAST_CONCRETE_WALL_PANELS">CYCLIC RESPONSE OF PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANELS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign regarding the seismic response of precast reinforced concrete walls. Despite the extensive experimental effort in this field, the cyclic shear transfer of the reinforced concrete... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38685253" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign regarding the seismic response of precast reinforced concrete walls. Despite the extensive experimental effort in this field, the cyclic shear transfer of the reinforced concrete walls is still an intensely disputed subject. In this work the authors deliberately adopted a test setup and loading procedure in order to reproduce the boundary conditions induced by the counterbalance (outrigger) effect. The results obtained indicate diagonal compression dominated shear transfer mechanism. The response characteristics peculiar to this shear transfer mode are presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38685253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="646cd0febdeba62903c7ddcd90baf3ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58766836,"asset_id":38685253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58766836/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="107340780" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PistaDemeter">István Demeter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="107340780" type="text/json">{"id":107340780,"first_name":"István","last_name":"Demeter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PistaDemeter","display_name":"István Demeter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PistaDemeter?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107340780/24842892/23684191/s65_istv_n.demeter.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38685253">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38685253"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://upt.academia.edu/Tam%C3%A1sNagyGy%C3%B6rgy">Tamás Nagy-György</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38685253'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38685253').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38685253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38685253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38685253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38685253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38685253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38685253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38685253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering">Structural Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1336" type="text/json">{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="286146" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precast_concrete_wall_panels">Precast concrete wall panels</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="286146" type="text/json">{"id":286146,"name":"Precast concrete wall panels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precast_concrete_wall_panels?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38685253]'), work: {"id":38685253,"title":"CYCLIC RESPONSE OF PRECAST CONCRETE WALL PANELS","created_at":"2019-04-01T11:17:36.430-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38685253/CYCLIC_RESPONSE_OF_PRECAST_CONCRETE_WALL_PANELS?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_38685253","summary":"This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign regarding the seismic response of precast reinforced concrete walls. Despite the extensive experimental effort in this field, the cyclic shear transfer of the reinforced concrete walls is still an intensely disputed subject. In this work the authors deliberately adopted a test setup and loading procedure in order to reproduce the boundary conditions induced by the counterbalance (outrigger) effect. The results obtained indicate diagonal compression dominated shear transfer mechanism. The response characteristics peculiar to this shear transfer mode are presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58766836,"asset_id":38685253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":107340780,"first_name":"István","last_name":"Demeter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PistaDemeter","display_name":"István Demeter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PistaDemeter?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/107340780/24842892/23684191/s65_istv_n.demeter.jpg"},{"id":3530882,"first_name":"Tamás","last_name":"Nagy-György","domain_name":"upt","page_name":"TamásNagyGyörgy","display_name":"Tamás Nagy-György","profile_url":"https://upt.academia.edu/Tam%C3%A1sNagyGy%C3%B6rgy?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3530882/1212958/154654923/s65_tam_s.nagy-gy_rgy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1336,"name":"Structural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":286146,"name":"Precast concrete wall panels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precast_concrete_wall_panels?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35501367" data-work_id="35501367" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35501367/IJETR2327_pdf">IJETR2327.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized"> Abstract— Distribution design involves making decisions on the fragmentation and allocation of data across the sites of a computer network. Multiple vertical splitting is the process of subdividing the attributes of a relation to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35501367" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden"> Abstract— Distribution design involves making decisions on the fragmentation and allocation of data across the sites of a computer network. Multiple vertical splitting is the process of subdividing the attributes of a relation to generate fragments. In this paper, we propose an analysis for multiple vertical splitting algorithm using Slop Based Partitioning Algorithm (SBPA). This approach starts from the attribute affinity matrix and generates initial clusters based on the affinity values between attributes. Then, it uses the database according to optimal splitting solution to produce final groups that will represent the fragments. Then we analyzed these fragments according to their contribution level. The result is generated that shows how to find optimal solutions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35501367" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87b4ab94c9e8df4e10cfa91dc2862fec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55364939,"asset_id":35501367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55364939/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7031831" href="https://erpublication.academia.edu/international_journals_for_researchers">International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7031831" type="text/json">{"id":7031831,"first_name":"International Journals for Researchers","last_name":"[ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","domain_name":"erpublication","page_name":"international_journals_for_researchers","display_name":"International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","profile_url":"https://erpublication.academia.edu/international_journals_for_researchers?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7031831/2656864/151250930/s65_international_journals_for_researchers._er_publication_woar_journals_ijeas_and_ijeart_.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35501367 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35501367"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35501367, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35501367", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35501367]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35501367").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35501367").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35501367"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">35</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering">Electrical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49" type="text/json">{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering">Electronic Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50" type="text/json">{"id":50,"name":"Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentation_Engineering">Instrumentation Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53" type="text/json">{"id":53,"name":"Instrumentation Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentation_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35501367]'), work: {"id":35501367,"title":"IJETR2327.pdf","created_at":"2017-12-23T19:03:22.554-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35501367/IJETR2327_pdf?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_35501367","summary":" Abstract— Distribution design involves making decisions on the fragmentation and allocation of data across the sites of a computer network. Multiple vertical splitting is the process of subdividing the attributes of a relation to generate fragments. In this paper, we propose an analysis for multiple vertical splitting algorithm using Slop Based Partitioning Algorithm (SBPA). This approach starts from the attribute affinity matrix and generates initial clusters based on the affinity values between attributes. Then, it uses the database according to optimal splitting solution to produce final groups that will represent the fragments. Then we analyzed these fragments according to their contribution level. The result is generated that shows how to find optimal solutions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55364939,"asset_id":35501367,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7031831,"first_name":"International Journals for Researchers","last_name":"[ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","domain_name":"erpublication","page_name":"international_journals_for_researchers","display_name":"International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]","profile_url":"https://erpublication.academia.edu/international_journals_for_researchers?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7031831/2656864/151250930/s65_international_journals_for_researchers._er_publication_woar_journals_ijeas_and_ijeart_.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":49,"name":"Electrical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":50,"name":"Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":53,"name":"Instrumentation Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Instrumentation_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":62,"name":"Thermal Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":64,"name":"Mining Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":66,"name":"Agricultural Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agricultural_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":74,"name":"Transportation Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":78,"name":"Control Systems Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Systems_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":87,"name":"Telecommunications Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Telecommunications_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":449,"name":"Software 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Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geotechnical_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":4202,"name":"Control Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":6203,"name":"Electronics \u0026 Telecommunication Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_and_Telecommunication_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":14305,"name":"Industrial Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":24002,"name":"Materials Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":113047,"name":"Mechanical Engineering Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering_Design?f_ri=2370"},{"id":157806,"name":"Geological Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geological_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":255822,"name":"Electronics Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":678575,"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_and_Environmental_Engineering-1?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1224548,"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_and_Computer_Engineering_ECE_?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1226904,"name":"Computer Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science_and_Engineering-1?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8454862" data-work_id="8454862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8454862/VULNERABILITY_AND_DAMAGE_ANALYSES_OF_EXISTING_BUILDINGS">VULNERABILITY AND DAMAGE ANALYSES OF EXISTING BUILDINGS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The assessment of seismic performance of buildings under future earthquakes is becoming an important problem in earthquake engineering. Some important buildings are considerably old and therefore their strengths and ductilities are less... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8454862" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The assessment of seismic performance of buildings under future earthquakes is becoming an important problem in earthquake engineering. Some important buildings are considerably old and therefore their strengths and ductilities are less than strength and ductility demands. Such buildings must be strengthened to resist future earthquakes. First the structural model is developed and then based on seismic hazard and seismic risk analysis or code quantities, the design (or control) parameters are determined. The next step consists of defining the damage indices. Then the nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out. Finally based on numerical results one can determine the amount and how of strengthening. In this paper some damage indices are reviewed and then a formulation is presented for considering the importance of columns and lower stories failure. As an example, a ten story building in Tehran is analyzed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8454862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5486a0bbdf291df7d2f0d536a9cccc95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48089621,"asset_id":8454862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48089621/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17193217" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BakhshiAli">Ali Bakhshi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17193217" type="text/json">{"id":17193217,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Bakhshi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BakhshiAli","display_name":"Ali Bakhshi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BakhshiAli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8454862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8454862"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8454862, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8454862", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8454862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8454862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8454862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8454862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3157" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard">Seismic Hazard</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3157" type="text/json">{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Risk">Seismic Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158273" type="text/json">{"id":158273,"name":"Seismic Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Risk?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202631" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_static_and_dynamic_analysis">Nonlinear static & dynamic analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="202631" type="text/json">{"id":202631,"name":"Nonlinear static \u0026 dynamic analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_static_and_dynamic_analysis?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8454862]'), work: {"id":8454862,"title":"VULNERABILITY AND DAMAGE ANALYSES OF EXISTING BUILDINGS","created_at":"2014-09-23T03:54:18.805-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8454862/VULNERABILITY_AND_DAMAGE_ANALYSES_OF_EXISTING_BUILDINGS?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_8454862","summary":"The assessment of seismic performance of buildings under future earthquakes is becoming an important problem in earthquake engineering. Some important buildings are considerably old and therefore their strengths and ductilities are less than strength and ductility demands. Such buildings must be strengthened to resist future earthquakes. First the structural model is developed and then based on seismic hazard and seismic risk analysis or code quantities, the design (or control) parameters are determined. The next step consists of defining the damage indices. Then the nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out. Finally based on numerical results one can determine the amount and how of strengthening. In this paper some damage indices are reviewed and then a formulation is presented for considering the importance of columns and lower stories failure. As an example, a ten story building in Tehran is analyzed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48089621,"asset_id":8454862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17193217,"first_name":"Ali","last_name":"Bakhshi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BakhshiAli","display_name":"Ali Bakhshi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BakhshiAli?f_ri=2370","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":3157,"name":"Seismic Hazard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Hazard?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":158273,"name":"Seismic Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seismic_Risk?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":202631,"name":"Nonlinear static \u0026 dynamic analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_static_and_dynamic_analysis?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":1643503,"name":"Structural model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_model?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10238520" data-work_id="10238520" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10238520/Modeling_progressive_collapse_in_reinforced_concrete_buildings_using_direct_element_removal">Modeling progressive collapse in reinforced concrete buildings using direct element removal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper presents a novel analytical formulation of an element removal algorithm based on dynamic equilibrium and the resulting transient change in system kinematics, by applying imposed accelerations instead of external forces at a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10238520" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper presents a novel analytical formulation of an element removal algorithm based on dynamic equilibrium and the resulting transient change in system kinematics, by applying imposed accelerations instead of external forces at a node where an element was once connected. The algorithm is implemented into an open-source finite element code, numerically tested using a benchmark structural system with simplified element removal criteria, and able to capture the effect of uncertainty in member capacity. Realistic element removal criteria are introduced for mode-dependent gravity load collapse of seismically deficient and retrofitted reinforced concrete (RC) columns and unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls. Two applications are conducted using structural systems of RC frames with URM infill walls. The first is a probabilistic study of a one-story model subjected to an ensemble of 14 ground motion recordings from similar neighboring sites during an earthquake event. The study produces empirical probability curves for partial and complete collapse conditioned on different hazard levels, and concludes that the intra-event variability is a major source of uncertainty affecting the outcome of progressive collapse simulations. The second application is a deterministic sensitivity study of progressive collapse response in a five-story structural model to uncertainty in live load, stiffness, damping, and seismic hazard level, subjected to one ground motion record. The analysis identifies the time at incipient collapse as an adequate sensitivity measure, and the uncertainty in ground motion intensity as the most important, followed by the stiffness of the URM infill wall. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10238520" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea1fe24bedc21be10f7750820e068264" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47472754,"asset_id":10238520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47472754/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25059098" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedTalaat7">Mohamed Talaat</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25059098" type="text/json">{"id":25059098,"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Talaat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohamedTalaat7","display_name":"Mohamed Talaat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedTalaat7?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25059098/6804437/7681784/s65_mohamed.talaat.jpg_oh_abc877cd60db297f1f8f72b57ade367d_oe_55672cf1___gda___1432883918_8dda4414e19b34656e97e38f06b20a76"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10238520 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10238520"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10238520, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10238520", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10238520]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10238520").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10238520").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10238520"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms">Algorithms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="428" type="text/json">{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23042" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element">Finite Element</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23042" type="text/json">{"id":23042,"name":"Finite Element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10238520]'), work: {"id":10238520,"title":"Modeling progressive collapse in reinforced concrete buildings using direct element removal","created_at":"2015-01-19T22:39:24.915-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10238520/Modeling_progressive_collapse_in_reinforced_concrete_buildings_using_direct_element_removal?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_10238520","summary":"This paper presents a novel analytical formulation of an element removal algorithm based on dynamic equilibrium and the resulting transient change in system kinematics, by applying imposed accelerations instead of external forces at a node where an element was once connected. The algorithm is implemented into an open-source finite element code, numerically tested using a benchmark structural system with simplified element removal criteria, and able to capture the effect of uncertainty in member capacity. Realistic element removal criteria are introduced for mode-dependent gravity load collapse of seismically deficient and retrofitted reinforced concrete (RC) columns and unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls. Two applications are conducted using structural systems of RC frames with URM infill walls. The first is a probabilistic study of a one-story model subjected to an ensemble of 14 ground motion recordings from similar neighboring sites during an earthquake event. The study produces empirical probability curves for partial and complete collapse conditioned on different hazard levels, and concludes that the intra-event variability is a major source of uncertainty affecting the outcome of progressive collapse simulations. The second application is a deterministic sensitivity study of progressive collapse response in a five-story structural model to uncertainty in live load, stiffness, damping, and seismic hazard level, subjected to one ground motion record. The analysis identifies the time at incipient collapse as an adequate sensitivity measure, and the uncertainty in ground motion intensity as the most important, followed by the stiffness of the URM infill wall. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley \u0026 Sons, Ltd.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47472754,"asset_id":10238520,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25059098,"first_name":"Mohamed","last_name":"Talaat","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohamedTalaat7","display_name":"Mohamed Talaat","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohamedTalaat7?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25059098/6804437/7681784/s65_mohamed.talaat.jpg_oh_abc877cd60db297f1f8f72b57ade367d_oe_55672cf1___gda___1432883918_8dda4414e19b34656e97e38f06b20a76"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":23042,"name":"Finite Element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":27702,"name":"Structural Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370"},{"id":33069,"name":"Probability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability?f_ri=2370"},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":63918,"name":"Progressive Collapse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Progressive_Collapse?f_ri=2370"},{"id":65140,"name":"Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Models?f_ri=2370"},{"id":67974,"name":"Dynamic Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Analysis?f_ri=2370"},{"id":80561,"name":"Variability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Variability?f_ri=2370"},{"id":90162,"name":"Kinematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinematics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":95992,"name":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering_and_Structural_Dynamics?f_ri=2370"},{"id":201957,"name":"Acceleration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acceleration?f_ri=2370"},{"id":265967,"name":"Reinforced concrete","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinforced_concrete?f_ri=2370"},{"id":405713,"name":"Collapse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collapse?f_ri=2370"},{"id":429798,"name":"Equilibrium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equilibrium?f_ri=2370"},{"id":580494,"name":"Uncertainties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uncertainties?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7743109" data-work_id="7743109" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7743109/Displacement_Based_Earthquake_Loss_Assessment_for_an_Earthquake_Scenario_in_Istanbul">Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment for an Earthquake Scenario in Istanbul</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">DBELA is a Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment methodology for urban areas which relates the displacement capacity of the building stock to the displacement demand from earthquake scenarios. The building stock is modeled as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7743109" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">DBELA is a Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment methodology for urban areas which relates the displacement capacity of the building stock to the displacement demand from earthquake scenarios. The building stock is modeled as a random population of building classes with varying geometrical and material properties. The period of vibration of each building in the random population is calculated using a simplified equation based on the height of the building and building type, while the displacement capacity at different limit states is predicted using simple equations which are a function of the randomly simulated geometrical and material properties. The displacement capacity of each building is then compared to the displacement demand obtained from an over-damped displacement spectrum, using its period of vibration; the proportion of buildings where damage exceeds each specified threshold value can thus be estimated. DBELA has been applied using the Turkish building stock following the collection of a large database of structural characteristics of buildings from the northern Marmara region. The probabilistic distributions for each of the structural characteristics (e.g., story height, steel properties, etc.) have been defined using the aforementioned database. The methodology has then been applied to predict preliminary damage distributions and social losses for the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality for a Mw 7.5 scenario earthquake.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7743109" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="faec56fc9706c3d31afffd34fea3d529" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48354463,"asset_id":7743109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48354463/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14200446" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelenCrowley">Helen Crowley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14200446" type="text/json">{"id":14200446,"first_name":"Helen","last_name":"Crowley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HelenCrowley","display_name":"Helen Crowley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HelenCrowley?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b80cc13d1a90df9aa7fd191df537645a?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7743109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7743109"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7743109, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7743109", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7743109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7743109; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7743109"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7743109 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7743109"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7743109; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7743109]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7743109").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7743109").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7743109"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5493" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics">Nonlinear dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5493" type="text/json">{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12611" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structures_and_Fire_Engineering">Structures and Fire Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12611" type="text/json">{"id":12611,"name":"Structures and Fire Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structures_and_Fire_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7743109]'), work: {"id":7743109,"title":"Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment for an Earthquake Scenario in Istanbul","created_at":"2014-07-21T23:50:10.330-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7743109/Displacement_Based_Earthquake_Loss_Assessment_for_an_Earthquake_Scenario_in_Istanbul?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_7743109","summary":"DBELA is a Displacement-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment methodology for urban areas which relates the displacement capacity of the building stock to the displacement demand from earthquake scenarios. The building stock is modeled as a random population of building classes with varying geometrical and material properties. The period of vibration of each building in the random population is calculated using a simplified equation based on the height of the building and building type, while the displacement capacity at different limit states is predicted using simple equations which are a function of the randomly simulated geometrical and material properties. The displacement capacity of each building is then compared to the displacement demand obtained from an over-damped displacement spectrum, using its period of vibration; the proportion of buildings where damage exceeds each specified threshold value can thus be estimated. DBELA has been applied using the Turkish building stock following the collection of a large database of structural characteristics of buildings from the northern Marmara region. The probabilistic distributions for each of the structural characteristics (e.g., story height, steel properties, etc.) have been defined using the aforementioned database. The methodology has then been applied to predict preliminary damage distributions and social losses for the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality for a Mw 7.5 scenario earthquake.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48354463,"asset_id":7743109,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14200446,"first_name":"Helen","last_name":"Crowley","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HelenCrowley","display_name":"Helen Crowley","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HelenCrowley?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/b80cc13d1a90df9aa7fd191df537645a?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":5493,"name":"Nonlinear dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinear_dynamics?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":12611,"name":"Structures and Fire Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structures_and_Fire_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":33662,"name":"Earthquake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake?f_ri=2370"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=2370"},{"id":232858,"name":"Energy Dissipation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Dissipation?f_ri=2370"},{"id":321836,"name":"Spectrum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectrum?f_ri=2370"},{"id":605367,"name":"Economic Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Loss?f_ri=2370"},{"id":717074,"name":"Shear Wall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shear_Wall?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1001094,"name":"Material Properties","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Properties?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1120502,"name":"Experimental Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Data?f_ri=2370"},{"id":1984794,"name":"Urban Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Area?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_520903" data-work_id="520903" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/520903/USER_SATISFACTION_YALOVA_SOGUCAK_AFTER_EARTHQUAKE_HOUSES">USER SATISFACTION : YALOVA SOGUCAK AFTER-EARTHQUAKE HOUSES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Many natural disasters that have occurred in recent years have caused loss of property as well as deaths. The earthquakes that have occurred in recent years have resulted in considerable loss of property and life and have... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_520903" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract<br /><br />Many natural disasters that have occurred in recent years have caused loss of property as well as deaths. The earthquakes that have occurred in recent years have resulted in considerable loss of property and life and have necessitated much rapid construction of houses. On the other hand, the large housing deficit that emerged after the earthquake and called for an immediate solution resulted in housing that were constructed without considering factors such as socio-cultural data, user needs, habits and spatial quality. The aim of this research is to analyze the degree of satisfaction with the after-earthquake houses and quality as a factor affecting user satisfaction. As part<br />of the study, a questionnaire was conducted in a mass housing area with 858 units in Yalova, Soğucak, which was realized by The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes. The results of the questionnaire are evaluated on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) using one sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, factor analysis and chi-square test. The results of this study have important<br />implications for satisfaction with after-earthquake houses and the attitudes of the users.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/520903" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="811a41624eb5d932b1a910f8c4681086" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41647567,"asset_id":520903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41647567/download_file?st=MTc0MDUzMzAxNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="322184" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/EmineKoseoglu">Emine Koseoglu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="322184" type="text/json">{"id":322184,"first_name":"Emine","last_name":"Koseoglu","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"EmineKoseoglu","display_name":"Emine Koseoglu","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/EmineKoseoglu?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/322184/79231/17496799/s65_emine.koseoglu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_520903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="520903"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 520903, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_520903", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=520903]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_520903").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_520903").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="520903"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2287" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_and_Residential_Design">Housing & Residential Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2287" type="text/json">{"id":2287,"name":"Housing \u0026 Residential Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_and_Residential_Design?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_in_Developing_Areas">Housing in Developing Areas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2288" type="text/json">{"id":2288,"name":"Housing in Developing Areas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_in_Developing_Areas?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2370" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering">Earthquake Engineering</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2370" type="text/json">{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=520903]'), work: {"id":520903,"title":"USER SATISFACTION : YALOVA SOGUCAK AFTER-EARTHQUAKE HOUSES","created_at":"2011-04-10T02:58:51.288-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/520903/USER_SATISFACTION_YALOVA_SOGUCAK_AFTER_EARTHQUAKE_HOUSES?f_ri=2370","dom_id":"work_520903","summary":"Abstract\n\nMany natural disasters that have occurred in recent years have caused loss of property as well as deaths. The earthquakes that have occurred in recent years have resulted in considerable loss of property and life and have necessitated much rapid construction of houses. On the other hand, the large housing deficit that emerged after the earthquake and called for an immediate solution resulted in housing that were constructed without considering factors such as socio-cultural data, user needs, habits and spatial quality. The aim of this research is to analyze the degree of satisfaction with the after-earthquake houses and quality as a factor affecting user satisfaction. As part\nof the study, a questionnaire was conducted in a mass housing area with 858 units in Yalova, Soğucak, which was realized by The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes. The results of the questionnaire are evaluated on SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) using one sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, factor analysis and chi-square test. The results of this study have important\nimplications for satisfaction with after-earthquake houses and the attitudes of the users.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41647567,"asset_id":520903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":322184,"first_name":"Emine","last_name":"Koseoglu","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"EmineKoseoglu","display_name":"Emine Koseoglu","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/EmineKoseoglu?f_ri=2370","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/322184/79231/17496799/s65_emine.koseoglu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2287,"name":"Housing \u0026 Residential Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_and_Residential_Design?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2288,"name":"Housing in Developing Areas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_in_Developing_Areas?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2370,"name":"Earthquake Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthquake_Engineering?f_ri=2370","nofollow":true},{"id":2875,"name":"User Experience (UX)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/User_Experience_UX_?f_ri=2370"},{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=2370"},{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=2370"},{"id":12815,"name":"Customer Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Customer_Satisfaction?f_ri=2370"},{"id":16772,"name":"Housing and Dwelling (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing_and_Dwelling_Architecture_?f_ri=2370"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a 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